The mechanism of interface-state generation in metal–oxide–nitride–silicon (MONOS) memories by program/erase (P/E) cycling was experimentally examined, using the charge measurement technique we developed that allows direct measurement of the amount of charges flowing during P/E operation. The amount of interface state was found to have a strong correlation with the amount of charges flowing during erase operation, irrespective of pulse voltage, pulse width and number of P/E cycles. It was also found that the amount of interface states generated by P/E cycling increases as hole fluence dominates erase operation. These findings suggest that hole injection from Si substrate, rather than electron detrapping from SiN layer or impact-ionized hot hole, is the main cause of the interface-state generation.


Automated parking has been estimated to be one of the first commercially available functions for automated driving. For most automated parking controllers, however, the vehicle attitude and the desired yaw angle are not considered, which means that the vehicle can park but stop in the wrong direction. To overcome these issues, a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is proposed to improve the overall following accuracy of the desired vehicle position and attitude. The proposed MPC controller not only leads to a small lateral distance error but also guarantees that the vehicle follows the desired yaw angle of the reference path, which can make automated parking more accurate. The proposed nonlinear MPC controller is firstly verified by simulations on PreScan. Furthermore, the controller is verified the effectiveness and practicability by a Lincoln MKZ platform.


This article presents a reflection on the use of the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data in research in Applied Linguistics to the teaching of foreign languages. Concludes with the need not manage without considering other elements with which to triangulate results.


The author counters Frick's critique of subpersonality theory and offers observations in support of an approach that regards subpersonalities as essential elements in an integrated self.


approved: Janet Tate Four-terminal dc V-I characteristics of the high-temperature superconducting copper-oxides are usually analyzed within the framework of a second-order vortex glass-to-liquid phase transition. Such an analysis depends on universal critical parameters, but a definitive universality class has not emerged in the literature. The nature of vortex depinning in the mixed state of disordered YBa2C u30 (YBCO) continues to be a subject of controversy. This work presents dc V-I traces on heavily-twinned YBCO crystals for a variety of applied magnetic fields and precisely stabilized temperatures. To study the effect of disorder, data are collected before and after fast-neutron irradiation. The data show a systematic dependence on the disorder in the vortex array due to pinning. Specifically, the logarithmic derivative, n, of data at the depinning temperature depends on an estimate of the LarkinOvchinnikov pinning length for the YBCO crystals and for data selected from the literature. The YBCO crystal data can be collapsed with critical scaling, but they do not yield universal exponents. A less familiar analysis is used to map critical current distributions which show sensitivity to temperature, field, and pinning-site density. Given that critical parameters of the glass-toliquid phase transitions depend on n, and given the results of a simulation based on thermal depinning, this thesis concludes that dc V-I data do not provide satisfactory evidence of a glass-liquid phase transition. Overall, the data are most adequately described by dislocation-mediated thermal depinning, or percolation. © Copyright by Brandon R. Brown May 8, 1997 All Rights Reserved Neutron Irradiation and dc Transport in YBaCuO Single Crystals: A Study of Vortex Depinning


Sustainable construction means optimized utilization of raw materials and energy during their entire life cycle and reducing to a minimum any adverse effects on the environment. This paper describes the Global Natural Fire Safety Concept (NFSC) and highlights its importance for sustainable construction. In contrary to conventional methods of guaranteeing structural fire protection for steel structures with board claddings or reactive (intumescent) fire protection systems, active fire fighting measures as well as probabilistic aspects on the fire occurrence are respected. Hence by optimizing the material use, the costs for fire protection can strongly be reduced. The application of the NFSC is described on the basis of realized buildings. The NFSC produces real safety for people and at the same time guarantees the needed fire resistance for the structure in real life. It was established in the scope of European Research sponsored by the ECSC and is now fully considered in the European Standards.


Mathematical expressions are derived for the shape of multiple-beam Fizeau fringes and the associated white-light fringes of equal chromatic order crossing a fiber of circular cross section having a core surrounded by a skin. Formulas are obtained for calculating the refractive indices of the core from fringe shifts. A formula is deduced for a fiber having a single medium. An expression for the focal power of a cylindrical fiber is derived and the focal aberration across it is calculated.


This paper discusses the essential welfare services provided by the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) during the period of 1946-1957 under the British Colonial Government. As the major agency authorised to provide child care and protection in Malaya, the DSW had to deal with, among others, post-war social issues that needed immediate attention. It focused on issues during the post-war period that triggered the government's desire to provide services to ensure the well-being of children. The paper also explains the DSW programmes designed to meet the children's needs. It highlights the involvement of voluntary associations and other governmental departments towards the well-being of children. Also, this paper highlights other services, namely, blind welfare, delinquent children, repatriation of detainees, vagrancy, and children of prisoners. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


State space is one of the key concepts of system theory. In general, a state space is introduced into a system description without examining its specific physical meaning. It is known, however, that if we select a suitable state space representation, it becomes easier for us to understand or to manipulate the property of a system. Thus, although it may not be meaningful to try to arrive at a physical meaning of the state space, it is important to find a way where a choice of a state space can be made in accordance with the system of interest, taking into account the theoretical meaning of that choice. In this paper, the choice of a state space is discussed in terms of the concepts that general systems theory have provided and the canonical forms of linear control theory are interpreted using the state space representation. Four realizations of a single-input and single-output discrete basic linear system are constructed, whose state spaces are derived from system properties. such as reachability, past-det...


Recent years have seen a tremendous growth in impact evaluations of development policies, and an increasing trend towards considering rigorous evidence while making policy decisions. But there is much greater scope for incorporating results from impact evaluations into policy decisions, even in the presence of political and administrative constraints. We discuss how evidence is currently incorporated into policymaking, the constraints on greater adoption of evidence-based policy, and suggest specific ways that stronger policy–research partnerships can help overcome these constraints. Recognising that there are many different channels to influence policy, we provide examples from the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab's (J-PAL's) policy outreach work in the hope that this paper can help in greater sharing of best practices from the impact evaluation field on how best to use evidence to inform policy.


PURPOSE: A unit pixel including a micro lens for photo refraction, a backside illumination CMOS image sensor including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the sensitivity of light by suppressing the number of photons. CONSTITUTION: A micro lens(110) for photon refraction refracts photons to the center of a photo diode(PD1,PD2). The photons are reflected from a metal layer(130). The micro lens for photon refraction is arranged between the photo diode and the metal layer. The micro lens for the photon refraction is convex in a metal layer direction. The thickest part of the micro lens for photo refraction is 2000 to 3500 angstroms.


In this paper, some new formulae to calculate the data for laying out highway curve are derived, while the length of relaxative curve of former half curve is not equal to that of latter half curve in a same curve.


Ozone therapy is widely used in many countries since many years. Recently, the increasing widespread of this complementary therapy has been accomplished by an increased number of basic and clinic papers published on international journals. This lecture will deal on the first approach by a pharmacological point of view in the aim to characterize the mechanisms activated at sub-cellular level by ozone when used for medical and beauty application at low graded doses.

The first theory was based upon the fact that the exposure to low, non-toxic, ozone concentrations could increase the efficacy of the endogenous antioxidant system by increasing the production or the activity of some enzymes exerting a key role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Many of the basic mechanisms of the ozone action are now well outlined. In addition, the modulation of interleukins productions and of some biochemical pathways related to inflammation and pain, indicates the rationale of its use in many pathological conditions related to pain, inflammation and age disorders.

We also discuss on the mode of action of ozone that, with an hormetic mechanism, appear to be more similar to xenobiotic stress model than a pure pharmacological action.

Indeed, our recent work in vivo on patients treated with major autohemo therapy (MAH) demonstrated the increase of Nrf2 level (P<0.01) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) immediately after exposition of blood to ozone and prior reinfusion. This effect is maintained 30 min after, when the increment in Nrf2 was detected (P<0.05) in total circulating PBMC. After a series of MAH's, Nrf2 returned normal. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased (P<0.05) following the cycle of MAH's. These data demonstrate by the first time in vivo the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by a low dose of ozone and the activation of the feedback mechanism that induce the synthesis of proteins which favour the cell survival.

Following the above research on Nrf2, it is now in progress a new scientific approach in the aim to study the transcriptional profile by qRT-PCR of transcripts in both Nrf2- and NFkB-dependent genes to further define the profile of the positive effect induced by low ozone doses in many ailments in patients in vivo.


Thirty-six pilots were tested in a flight simulator on their ability to intercept a pathway depicted on a highway-in-the-sky (HITS) display. While intercepting and flying the pathway, pilots were required to watch for traffic outside the cockpit. Additionally, pilots were tested on their awareness of speed, altitude, and heading during the flight. Results indicated strong practice effects for a pilot's ability to intercept the pathway and that the presence of a flight guidance cue significantly improved performance. The ability to spot traffic was relatively unaffected by, display novelty, and new display concepts are needed for supporting secondary flight information present on the HITS display. Recommendations for training and use of HITS displays are given, along with recommendations for display enhancements to support situation awareness.


Common practice in the simulation of continuous systems is to discretize the time in order to obtain a numerical solution. The Quantized State System (QSS) approach makes it possible that the discretisation is applied to the state variables, instead of the time range. In other words continuous systems can be simulated event-based with the QSS method. It also effects a new orientation and leads among other things to very efficient state event detection. Ernesto Kofman and Sergio Junco presented the QSS method in the DEVS formalism [1]. This paper describes how the implementation of the QSS method in Simulink/SimEvents works and which restrictions still exist.


Telomerase de‐regulation is long known to be one of the causal factors in cancer initiation and progression. It is repressed in adult normal cells and is known to be activated in ~90% of cancers. However underlying mechanisms that trigger reactivation have remained poorly understood. Our recent findings show the intriguing possibility that DNA secondary structure G‐quadruplex forms regulate the epigenetic state of the telomerase promoter, and thereby expression of telomerase remains under control.


To realize the data transmission of the on machine verification system with general solid modeling software and the real time interaction with virtual simulation model,the topology information based on initial graphics exchange specifica-tion(IGES) was studied,and the storage structure that conformed to the geometric information of various graphical entities in the formats of the file was put forward.Taking Visual C++ as the development platform,the data structure and the program algorithm that met the IGES were designed,and the structure bodies for some graphic elements were defined such as non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS) curves,lines and composite curves.Besides,by taking the structure bodies as nodes,the entity data were respectively stored into various linked lists,and finally encapsulated in the form of class.By using the open graphics library(OpenGL) function to read the entity data stored in the linked lists,the drawing of the base surface in the IGES data and the cutting-off of the inner and outer boundaries were realized;and finally the regeneration of the complicated surface was completed,and the interaction with the virtual simulation model in the on machine verification system was real-ized.The program successfully reads the IGES data file about 1 M and realizes the regeneration of the original model.


This paper shows that on the surface of yttrium oxide that has been vacuum-conditioned at 970 K, there are at least four types of hydrogen adsorption centers, with different capabilities for polarizing the H-H bond in the molecule. The most strongly polarizing center is an acid-base pair that includes a coordination-unsaturated, strongly charged yttrium cation. The authors emphasize that the low-temperature dissociation of hydrogen on the Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ surface proceeds on centers that give comparatively weak polarization of the H-H bond in the molecule. Of the deuterozyl groups that are formed, a rather large part has a low thermal stability and enters into rapid H-D exchange with molecular hydrogen at 300 K.


Purpose We reviewed the results of cross finger flaps after surgical release and vigorous postoperative exercises for long-standing, severe flexion contractures of the Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joints of fingers. Materials and Methods In 9 patients, all contracted tissue was sequentially released and the resultant skin defect was covered with a cross-finger flap. The cause of the contracture was contact burn in 4, skin graft in 3, and a previous operation in 2. The mean follow-up period was 41.2 months. Results The mean flexion contracture/further flexion in the joints were improved from 73.4/87.8° to 8.4/95.4° at the last follow-up. A mean of 19.5° of extension was achieved with vigorous extension exercise after the operation. The mean gain in range of motion (ROM) was 79.4°. Near full ROM was achieved in 3 cases. There were no major complications. Conclusions In severe flexion contractures with scarring of the PIP joints of fingers, cross finger flaps after sufficient release and vigorous postoperative exercise seems to be a reasonable option to obtain satisfactory ROM of the joints.


The polymerization of ethylene with Ziegler-Natta catalysts in the presence of carbon black has shown three characteristic features both with a heterogeneous catalyst, AlBu3TiCl4, and with a soluble catalyst, Cl2Ti(C5H5)2AlEt2Cl. They are, in order of increasing importance: reactivity of the organoaluminum derivatives with surface chemical groups of the carbon black, adsorption of a certain amount of organoaluminum compounds on the carbon black surface, and influence of the specific surface of carbon black, which controls the dispersion degree of the catalytic system. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain polyethylene by this procedure, containing different amounts and different types of carbon black.


Remotely sensed data were collected to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the results to water resource problems. Photographs of the Wolf Creek watershed in southwestern Colorado were collected over a one year period. Cloud top temperatures were measured using a radiometer. Thermal imagery of the Wolf Creek Pass area was obtained during one pre-dawn flight. Remote sensing studies of water resource problems for user agencies were also conducted. The results indicated that: (1) remote sensing techniques could be used to assist in the solution of water resource problems; (2) photogrammetric determination of snow depths is feasible; (3) changes in turbidity or suspended material concentration can be observed; and (4) surface turbulence can be related to bed scour; and (5) thermal effluents into rivers can be monitored.


In order to analyze the ecological mechanism and the effect of coal ash pollution on distribution of Brachionus calyciflorus species complex in three lakes(Lake Hui,Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming),the effects of aerated tap-water(control),and 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% volume fractions of settled coal ash water diluted by aerated tap-water on population growth rates,ratios mictic females/amictic females,ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females,and resting egg productions of sibling species I have been collected from Lake Hui,Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming and sibling species Ⅱ have been collected from Lake Tingtang.The results showed that regardless of the volume fraction of settled coal ash water,sibling species I collected from all the three lakes had higher population growth rates(0.52-0.85d-1) and resting egg productions(1.60-12.11 ind./(4d·5ml)) which made possible for population spread,population establishment and gene flow.Sibling species Ⅱ collected from Lake Tingtang had much lower ratio mictic females/amictic females and resting egg production,and in the aerated tap-water,both of them were zero,which might be the main reason for that sibling species Ⅱ living in Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming could not spread into Lake Hui.The volume fraction of settled coal ash water significantly affects only the population growth rates of both two sibling species collected from Lake Tingtang.All the volume fractions of settled coal ash water made the population growth rate of sibling species I higher than that in the control,and 60%,80% and 100% settled coal ash water made the population growth rate of sibling species Ⅱ higher than that in the control,which indicated that the decreased rotifer density in natural water bodies polluted by coal ash did not attribute to the direct toxicity of elevated metal,salt concentrations,and pH level.


Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by a deficiency in degradative enzymes that reside in lysosomes. A few of these disorders can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy. However, significant challenges remain because key organs and tissues remain inaccessible to intravenously injected enzymes. We are exploring the utility of guanidinoglycosides as carriers in vivo in mice. The approach is based on our previous observation that guanidinylated neomycin (GNeo) can deliver high molecular weight proteins across cell membranes and into lysosomes via cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. All cells highly express heparan sulfate proteoglycans, suggesting the potential utility of GNeo‐conjugates for delivery to multiple tissues. Our study demonstrates that conjugation of guanidinylated glycosides to lysosomal enzymes can facilitate entry into the brain after intranasal administration, thus bypassing the blood brain barrier. This novel delivery system might be applicable to a variety of lysosomal storage disorders as well as for the delivery of antibodies and growth factors to the brain.


This study aims to examine the influence of self-leadership and work culture on the performance among weaving workers in Klungkung Regency. The research sample consisted of 92 respondents, consisting of weaving workers who worked at home. Data retrieval is based on the questionnaire prepared according to the variable under study. The results of data tabulation are then processed with the SmartPLS program 3.2.7. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that self leadership and work culture show a significant positive influence on the performance of weaving workers in a number of weaving companies in Klungkung Regency. Work culture shows its role as a partial mediator in self-leadership relationships to performance.


THIS STUDY aimed to evaluate genetic variations among germplasms of three colored seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars (creamish yellow "strike", deep brown "contender" and reddish spotty pinto "wounder") during seven subsequent stages of seed development ranging from dormant seed to pollen grains. The evaluation based on the analysis of the data obtained from electrophoretic banding patterns of protein and DNA separated from each of the three studied cultivars, by using two different bioassays; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). These analyses revealed major distinctive genetic variations among the three cultivars qualitatively and quantitatively. Besides, there were also variations in the percentages of polymorphisms in the produced protein and DNA bands due to the differences among their size, number, intensity, types, and gain or loss others. The highest number of polypeptide bands and amplified DNA products was scored at the contender cultivar, while the lowest number was scored at the strike cultivar during all stages of seed development. Meanwhile, the highest total number of polypeptide bands (64) and amplified DNA bands (108) were scored at the seedling and vegetative stages, respectively. This study concluded that data generated by the used bioassays were nearly equivalent, but not identical. Thus, it is better to be combined for reliable estimates of genetic variations among the three studied cultivars during their development to earn valuable genetic resources exploited for breeding new cultivars.


Significant reductions in the manufacturing cost of PV panels combined with attractive feed-in tariff programs are driving a rapid increase in the penetration of customer-owned PV installations. High penetration of PV on distribution feeders has been observed to cause voltage regulation problems in actual field installations. The concept of the "smart" PV inverter has been proposed to mitigate this problem by injecting or absorbing reactive power (VARs). Several methods have been proposed to control such inverters. This paper compares two such methods, feedforward and feedback. Results show that the inverter's efficiency at regulating voltage in terms of VARs absorbed is improved with feedback control. More significant is that the feeder voltage under the feedforward method is sensitive to the choice of tuning parameter. While the feedback method is more robust, existing literature indicates that improper parameter selection results in an unstable system, preventing the inverters from effectively regulating voltage.


Although team deviance is known to detract from team functioning, extant literature largely focuses on deviance that is independently enacted and directed internally toward other members. This relatively narrow focus poses limitations to the practical application of strategies to reduce the incidence and negative impact of team deviance. We offer a four-dimensional typology that takes into account features of team deviance that are important yet undertheorized: level of coordination and target membership. We use this typology to summarize current research, highlight the narratives on team deviance that underlie each dimension, and discuss how to advance the research domain.


In the post-pandemic world, surveillance cameras play a key aspect when it comes to detecting various kinds of security risks. These can range from burglars entering a premises to an individual wearing or not wearing a mask where convention dictates one way versus the other. We are proposing a system that would allow autonomously detecting these security risks with minimal human intervention. We propose using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks as the face detector, a choice of a complete range of classic image feature extractors, and the Kernel-based Online Anomaly Detection algorithm to identify the potential risk in real time. We tested our proposed framework on three different datasets including real-world settings. Our proposed framework yielded high detection rates with low false alarm rates, in addition to being adaptive, portable, and requiring minimal infrastructure.


Background : NSABP B-32, the largest surgical prospective randomized phase III trial was designed to compare overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and morbidity between SNR alone versus SNR + AD in SN negative (-) pts. This trial also had the opportunity to investigate the clinical significance of occult metastatic disease in sentinel nodes. We present the 10-yr data of the occult metastatic disease secondary endpoint outcomes analysis. Methods : 5,611 women with operable, clinically N0, invasive breast cancer were randomized to SNR + AD (G1) or to SNR alone with AD only if SNs were positive (G2). Pathologically negative sentinel nodes underwent a blinded detailed central pathology review using IHC stains for detection of occult metastatic disease. These findings were then analyzed for their effects on outcomes. Results: At 10 yrs, there continues to be no significant difference in OS (HR: 1.09, p = 0.35), DFS (HR: 1.02, p = 0.72), or local/regional recurrence (HR: 0.96, p = 0.77) between G1 and G2. Local-regional recurrences were 4.3% (G1) and 4.0% (G2) with axillary recurrences at 0.2% and 0.5% respectively. Median time on study was 131.1 months. Of the 5,611 pts., 3,989 were SN- and 3,986 (99.9%) of these SN- pts had follow-up information (G1: 1,975, G2: 2,011). 3,884 of these patients underwent blinded IHC analyses (1,924 [G1] and 1,960 [G2]). 616 patients were found to have sentinel node occult metastatic disease: 316 (16.4%) from G1 and 300 (15.3%) from G2. There was a nearly significant difference in OS between the occult and non-occult metastases groups (HR: 1.26, p = 0.06), and a significant difference in DFS between the two groups (HR: 1.24, p = 0.01) was found. Local-regional recurrence was not significantly different (HR: 0.8, p = 0.52). Occult local regional recurrences were 32 of the study total 165 (19.3%) with only 5 axillary recurrences in G2 related to SN occult detected disease. No statistical differences were found between the occult groups with and without axillary dissection for OS (HR: 0.98, p = 0.91) or DFS (HR: 0.82, p = 0.2). Conclusions : Although occult metastatic disease was detected in HE VT Ca Cntr: P30 CA22435; DNK: 5RO1CA074137 NCI Dpt HHS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S2-05.


It is important to immediately develop the cheaper and cleaner energy sources because of the soaring cost of crude oil and environmental problems such as global warming, recently. So, it became increasingly important to develop methane hydrate, which exist large amount around Japan and is expected to be clean and domestic future energy resources, with a minimal environmental impact. In this social context, ldquoMethane Hydrate Exploitation Program in Japanrdquo was published in July 2001 and the Research Consortium for Methane Hydrate Resources in Japan (official abbreviated title: MH21 Research Consortium) was established to oversee the completion of phase-1 of this plan. In this consortium, Engineering Advancement Association of Japan (official abbreviated title: ENAA), which is the group responsible for conducting the EIA, has conducted a number of research and developed activities to establish basic technologies associated with EIA and completed almost all of aims during phase-1. In this paper, we introduce overview of our R&D about EIA which should be necessary to implement on methane hydrate production.


The photosynthetically Active Radiation reached to plant canopy could be divided into two parts that are direct radiation and diffuse radiation. The paths into the vegetation canopy are different of these two kinds of radiation. It makes Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) different. So this difference between direct FPAR and diffuse FPAR must be determined to decide whether it should be considered into the FPAR inversion model. In this study, the SAIL model was modified which could output direct FPAR and diffuse FPAR. Then with the change of input parameters such as solar zenith angle, visiblity and LAI, the direct FPAR and diffuse FPAR would be change. When the visibility is set as 5km, 15km and 30km, the contribution of scattering of FPAR on the total FPAR is 52.6%, 29.3% and 21.7%. The error between whole FPAR and direct FPAR is reduced with the increasing of visibility and increased with the reducing of LAI. The maximum relative error is 13.2%. From the simulation analyses, we could see that direct and diffuse FPAR are different with the changes of environment variables. So when modeling of FPAR, the diffuse part cannot be ignored. Direct FPAR and diffuse FPAR must be modeled respectively. This separation will help improve the accuracy of FPAR inversion.


In this paper, the mechanical properties of randomly shaped microstructures containing two different elastic materials are investigated. Representative volume elements (RVE) containing random tessellations were created using a random generating procedure. The procedure divides the RVE surface by Voronoi tessellations and the elastic behavior of the surface is analyzed under tensile and shear deformations using the finite element method (FEM). Components of stress tensor for each element obtained from FE analysis were used to compute the overall elastic properties of the microstructure. Percolation threshold was defined based on the instantaneous gradient of the tensile and shear modulus diagrams. Numerical results reveal that the percolation thresholds in tensile and shear modes for isotropic RVE are almost the same while there is a remarkable difference between percolation thresholds for an anisotropic case. Furthermore, in the procedure performed in this study, a distinct inconsistency in elastic properties of anisotropic microstructure in longitudinal and transverse directions is observed. The mentioned method presents a paradigmatic overview for generating random isotropic and anisotropic tessellations with different aspect ratios on microstructures and evaluating their overall properties and percolation limit for them.


accelerates the phosphorolysis of citrulline by mammalian liver (Krebs, Eggleston & Knivett, 1955; Krebs et al. 1958). Related ob8ervation8. In a brief note Kopper (1956) reported that washed cells of E. coli, Proteu8 vulgari8 and twelve other un-named species can reduce tetrazolium salts in the presence of various nucleosides but cannot do so on addition of free ribose or ribose phosphates. It is likely that this behaviour is related to the phenomena described in this paper.


Background: The choice of a brand name is important. In the marketing literature there are guidelines to follow when creating a name, but it's not clear how they shall be used. Research question: How can a meaningful and memorable brand name be created?Purpose: To increase the understanding of how a meaningful and memorable brand name can be generated, by presentation and evaluation of a model for brand name creation. Delimitations: The report does not take theories that involve linking brand names together, such as brand extension and brand portfolio, into account.Methodology: A deductive research design were an own brand name generation model, which was created and combined by theories from marketing literature and linguistics literature, was tested. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four respondents which all had experience from naming brands, which of two were naming consultants. The model was then tested against the data.Conclusion: The model can be summed up with two sections to cross, the first focuses on generating meaningful concepts. In the middle of the first section there is a step called semantic meaning, which contains a list of points that can be used to generate significant words. The second section provides focus on modifying concepts to generate distinctive name suggestions. In the middle of this second section there are two different steps, which are sound symbolism and memorability, with each have there own list with points which can be used to modify the meaningful concepts to brand name proposals. Most points can be confirmed in the test, but there are also some critical steps and points.


ACADEMIC ABSTRACT WebSmart Interactive, a seemingly successful entrepreneurial start-up and recipient of public business incentive funds, closed abruptly, leaving unpaid workers, allegations of consumer fraud, discredited public officials, a divided community, and bankruptcy for the firm's principals. WebSmart Interactive's story provides insights about opportunity recognition, the ambiguity of entrepreneurial opportunism, and possibly criminal entrepreneurship. As a cautionary tale, it provides lessons about structuring incentives to aid entrepreneurship both for the good of the entrepreneur and the overall good of society. In addition, the case tells the story of the rise and fall of a start-up business. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WebSmart Interactive was founded at the height of the Internet boom by a team of Minot, North Dakota entrepreneurs. While the firm's name sounded high tech, it began as a provider of telemarketing sales verification. Starting with a handful of employees in March, 2000, the firm grew rapidly with the help of hundreds of thousands of dollars of economic development incentives provided by taxpayers. As the industry became more competitive, WebSmart Interactive obtained a different mix of business, especially outgoing sales calls. One of its key outgoing sales clients was a Georgia-based firm targeting consumers normally unable to obtain credit cards. The product was a stored-value card marketed to customers who believed it was a credit card. When the Georgia firm failed to transmit two wire transfers of nearly $400,000, WebSmart Interactive closed. The April, 2003 closure was so abrupt that employees reporting to work found WebSmart Interactive's doors locked. Employees were owed unpaid wages and various legal actions began. Municipalities sought recovery of economic incentive funds. North Dakota filed a lawsuit for $200,000 to recover unpaid wages, as well as a lawsuit for defrauding 250 North Dakotans with bogus credit cards. Eventually the firm's principals filed for bankruptcy. To answer the "So what?" question the case provides: 1) a description of opportunity recognition, opportunism, and possibly criminal entrepreneurship in practice; 2) a description of economic incentives and flaws in their construction; 3) a fine-grained history of a start-up's failure. Point one is useful to build theory that better defines and distinguishes entrepreneurial opportunity seeking, opportunism, and criminal entrepreneurship. Point two is useful to critique and construct better-conceived incentive systems. Point three adds to the general body of entrepreneurship knowledge.


The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) probe, a sharp tip, is a potential centre at which condensation of water vapour from the ambient atmosphere may occur. The water droplet, held by capillary forces, may connect the tip with the imaged surface and modify the local contribution to the tip-to-sample capacitance, and thus the sensitivity, contrast and lateral resolution of the SCM. The expected effects have been analysed by mapping the electrostatic field of the SCM probe.


Thermal hose is capable of transferring the thermal energy of a finite source to arbitrary long distance. This is achieved by using stretching transformation and can be ideally constructed by using a material with a highly anisotropic thermal conductivity. For practical realization, such a thermal hose can be made of homogeneous conductors in bilayer configurations, employing only copper and expanded polystyrene. It is shown that the thermal energy can be well confined and almost perfectly transferred in an arbitrarily bending hose, demonstrating excellent flexibility. More interestingly is that when a point heat source is placed at the opening of a split-ring-shaped hose, the temperature of the inner region becomes uniform and reaches nearly as high as the heat source. These novel properties of the proposed flexible thermal hose have been numerically validated in time-dependent case, showing excellent transfer and configuration of thermal energy.


Creating complex systems by combining smaller component services is one of the fundamental concepts in Service Oriented Architecture. Service compositions are built by combining loosely coupled services that are, usually, offered and operated by different service providers. While this approach offers several benefits, it makes the implementation and representation of the security requirements difficult. This paper reviews several requirement specification languages and analyses their suitability for composite services. A set of requirements is identified and a comparison between different specification languages is presented along with some conclusion on the suitability of each language in expressing security requirements for composite services.


A fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) device is a promising structure for future ultrascaled devices because of its high radiation resistance. The buried oxide (BOX) layer of an FDSOI device not only enhances its robustness against single event effects (SEE) but also greatly reduces its ability to resist the effect of the total ionizing dose (TID). We studied factors such as the thickness of BOX layers and the bias state of FDSOI devices and proposed a 22 nm N-type FDSOI 2D device structure. The method of adding fixed charges to the BOX layer and adding state charges to the interface was used to simulate the TID effect. We showed that the thinner the BOX layer, the better the device's ability to resist the effects of the TID. Increasing the total radiation dose causes the electron density of the channel to increase, indicating that the electron mobility of the channel is degraded. Because a large number of electrons are generated by irradiation, their density increases, causing a large number of electrons to collide with each other and scatter under a bias voltage, resulting in decreased electron mobility. By activating the built-in radiation model of the Sentaurus next-generation technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation tool, the device was used to simulate the TID effect under different doses in different bias states (OFF, ON, and transmission). The results showed that the most unappealing bias state of the TID effect for the short-channel N-type FDSOI device is the off state. This research provides new insights into the TID for FDSOI devices and can provide guidelines for future applications of radiation-hardened FDSOI-based circuits. The study of single particle effects plays an important role in the study of image sensors in space stations.


The purpose of this paper is to report on the status of research which has been designed to determine the effectiveness of occupational and physical therapy using sensory integration (SI) procedures. Sensory integration efficacy is the extent to which sensory integration procedures have proven to be beneficial. (A reference list of sensory integration efficacy studies is available from Sensory Integration International.) The author(s) of each article in this bibliography stated that they based their treatment on sensory integration theory, although some researchers adapted the actual treatment procedures to meet the developmental level of their clients, and/or to address specific research issues.


Smart robots (e.g. drones) for object detection & tracking demand for embedded intelligent processors. Neural network (NN) processors have been designed to accelerate NN for pattern recognition [1] [2]. However, these designs lack special processing engines for object detection & tracking such as bounding box (bbox) calculation and selection. Also, their architectures are designed for general AI tasks resulting in redundancy/inefficiency in performing object detection & tracking. An object detection processor has been proposed previously [3], but it only supports specific detection NN and does not support object tracking. Object tracking processors have also been proposed [4] [5], but these designs do not support object detection and thus cannot be used for object search. This paper presents RAODAT, which to the best of our knowledge is the first reconfigurable AI-based object detection and tracking processor with online learning. It has three key features: 1) An object detection & tracking architecture with reconfigurable NN and detection/tracking engines for programmable object detection & tracking tasks, 2) An object learning architecture with shared NN inference/learning engine and automatic label generation engine to support object tracking with online learning, 3) Layer- & stride-aware computing techniques to improve the NN computation efficiency.


This article is based on the assumption of musical power to change the listener's mood. The paper studies the outcome of two experiments on the regulation of emotional states in a series of participants who listen to different auditions. The present research focuses on note value, an important musical cue related to rhythm. The influence of two concepts linked to note value is analyzed separately and discussed together. The two musical cues under investigation are tempo and rhythmic unit. The participants are asked to label music fragments by using opposite meaningful words belonging to four semantic scales, namely "Tension" (ranging from Relaxing to Stressing), "Expressiveness" (Expressionless to Expressive), "Amusement" (Boring to Amusing) and "Attractiveness" (Pleasant to Unpleasant). The participants also have to indicate how much they feel certain basic emotions while listening to each music excerpt. The rated emotions are "Happiness," "Surprise," and "Sadness." This study makes it possible to draw some interesting conclusions about the associations between note value and emotions.


The advent of the computer and its associated devices has made office design, as well as furniture design, political issues; human discomfort and the resulting pressures from workers to alleviate it have spawned requests for improvements in the office environment. These have shaped union contracts and state regulations while stimulating demands forthe enactment of federal and state laws affecting the office.


There are four trypsin inhibitors containing in Vigna unguiculata var.seeds.We have get different parts by defatting,extracting with sodium acetate,precipitation,gel filtration,ion-exchange chromatography and FPLC.The active-staining of gelatin PAGE has showed that thay all have the ability to inhibit the trypsin.


Objectives This study was conducted to determine why heart teams recommended transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical AVR (SAVR) for patients at low predicted risk of mortality (PROM) and describe outcomes of these cases. Background Historically, referral to TAVR was based predominately on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk model's PROM >3%. In selected cases, heart teams had latitude to overrule these scores. The clinical reasons and outcomes for these cases are unclear. Methods Retrospective data were gathered for all TAVR and SAVR cases conducted by 9 hospitals between 2013 and 2017. Results Cases included TAVR patients with STS PROM >3% (n = 2,711) and ≤3% (n = 415) and SAVR with STS PROM ≤3% (n = 1,438). Leading reasons for recommending TAVR in the PROM ≤3% group were frailty (57%), hostile chest (22%), severe lung disease (16%), and morbid obesity (13%), and 44% of cases had multiple reasons. Most postoperative and 30-day outcomes were similar between TAVR groups, but the STS PROM ≤3% group had a one-day shorter length of stay (2.5 ± 3.4 vs. 3.5 ± 4.7 days; p ≤ 0.001) and higher one-year survival (91.6% vs. 86.0%, p=0.002). In patients with STS PROM ≤3%, 30-day mortality was higher for TAVR versus SAVR (2.0% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Heart teams recommended TAVR in patients with STS PROM ≤3% primarily due to frailty, hostile chest, severe lung disease, and/or morbid obesity. Similar postoperative outcomes between these patients and those with STS PROM >3% suggest that decisions to overrule STS PROM ≤3% were merited and may have reduced SAVR 30-day mortality rate.


This paper presents a new approach for solving the Lower and Upper Bounded delay routing Tree (LUBT) problem using linear programming. LUBT is a Steiner tree rooted at the source node such that delays from the source to sink nodes lie between the given lower and upper bounds. We show that our proposed method produces minimum cost LUBT for a given topology under a linear delay model. Unlike recent works which control only the difference between the maximum and the minimum source-sink delay, we construct routing trees which satisfy distinct lower and upper bound constraints on the source-sink delays. This formulation exploits all the flexibility that is present in low power and high performance clock routing tree design.


In this paper, I report the search for pair production of the down-type fourth generation quark, b 0 , in a data set of 1.04fb 1 integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions, collected by the ATLAS detector at CERN. Each b 0 decays promptly to tW in the lepton + jets channel as b 0 ! Wt ! WWb. The heavy down-type fourth generation quark decays produce high pT W bosons which can be identified by reconstructing the di-jet mass.


The magnetocaloric applicability of the perovskite-structured (Pr,Ca) manganite family (PCMO) was estimated based on the magnetic transition entropies of polycrystalline bulk samples. Transitions in the temperature range from 5 to 400 K were investigated in external fields up to 5 T. Earlier results published on the matter were reproduced, extended to Ca concentrations below x = 0.2 and up to x = 1, and complemented by determining standardized refrigerant capacity estimates corresponding to the largest entropy changes detected in each sample. The quantitative agreement between the measured transition entropies and literature also served to verify a time-optimized data collection method based on quick temperature scans of magnetization at constant magnetic fields. Making use of the mathematical regularity of magnetization curves, improved time, and cryogen efficiency was arguably attained compared with a more traditional data collection method without significant loss of accuracy. The results of this paper convey a very graphical overview of the quite well established phase diagram of PCMO and promise a significant magnetocaloric effect below 150 K, possibly on par with that exhibited by Gd-based alloys around room temperature. However, little hope can be offered for the room temperature refrigeration applications of PCMO.


We attempted to depict the characteristics of the difficulty and burden experienced by people caring for a family member with mental retardation in Hong Kong and to determine whether caregiving difficulty and burden should be conceptualized as unidimensional or multidimensional concepts. The Caregiving Difficulty Scale (CDS) and Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) were administered to 992 primary caregivers recruited from 63 service units of eight local nongovernmental organizations across all districts of Hong Kong. The factor analyses of the CDS and CBI items resulted in multiple-factor rather than single-factor models, and there were significant differences between the factor scores for both the CDS and CBI. In particular, physical caring was perceived to be significantly more challenging than social caring and daily caring. Similarly, time-dependence burden was more severe than developmental, physical, social and emotional burden. Moreover, the factor scores of the CDS and CBI were differentially modulated by the types of social services that the participants received. The overall findings highlight the importance of conceptualizing caregiver burden as a multidimensional construct in both clinical research and practice.


together. Internal details and chemistry suggest that the phosphatic spherules likely are of different origin. Thus, the term 'conodont pearl' encompasses confusingly similar objects deriving from different organisms and/or processes, and only careful analysis can reveal their individual origin. The only organisms unequivocally associated with ( in situ ) phosphatic micro-spherules are ceramoporid bryozoans, and the conodonts Cordylodus and Westergaardodina , but the possible function and significance of these objects remain enigmatic.


CASTLES and Striptis have contributed importantly to our understanding of the interaction between physiology, politics and rationality. In the research strategy they outline, however, important considerations of ideology and theology are ignored. This note is concerned to draw attention to situations when the propensity to maximize personal space, in the context of the Castles and Striptis research location, may be seriously eroded by ideological imperatives. The observer of routine overtly non-political behaviour cannot always be aware of such considerations particularly on non-British sites. I t may be important in some locales to highlight the influence of the Shi'ites. This minority Islamic sect at the centre of perhaps the most vital revolutionary movement of the moment, provides detailed prognostications of relevance to the research. Thus its adherents are encouraged to maximize personal space but must also reconcile restrictions on movement, direction and global position.' In a more literate culture, a further political variable is introduced by the situation above locations A, B and C, (to use Castles terminology) of newspapers of differing persuasions. Such a situation does, however, present to the researcher a possible control for cognitive and physiological dissonance. Just such a locale can be found close to the buildings in which the party conference of Fianna Fail and Fine Gael are held so that at certain times partisanship can be assumed constant. Routh2 identified similar sites of relevance to the French political spectrum; he also suggests in his comparison English volume3 venues on either side of Westminster Bridge which would interest the Social Science Research Council central/local relations panel. The exclusivity of Parliament contrasts markedly with the emphasis on openness and convenience in the Greater London Council at County Hall across the river. Saunders et al.4 offer a reminder that the stress on personal space may be a distinctly culture-bound phenomenon. Certainly the ruins of Dorius Transitoria show that in Nero's first palace gregarity was a stronger force than isolationism.


The main themes for this thesis is two fold: first goal is to identify and present the geometrical rules used in the performance of their subjects, the artists of the Renaissance, other want to make the connection between art (mainly painting) and geometry, that the teaching of geometric concepts to gain a more friendly nature for students. Essentially the choice of subject was focusing on the learning objectives we had in mind, which is the way in which they can combine two different sectors together, seem to be associated either directly or indirectly, painting and geometry, using technology to enhance understanding, critical thinking and creative nature of learning in the process of teaching geometry.


Security of any wireless network is always an important issue due to its serious impacts on network performance. Practically, the IEEE 802.11 medium access control can be violated by several native or smart attacks that result in downgrading network performance. In recent years, there are several studies using analytical model to analyze medium access control (MAC) layer misbehavior issue to explore this problem but they have focused on binary exponential backoff only. Moreover, a practical condition such as the freezing backoff issue is not included in the previous models. Hence, this paper presents a novel analytical model of the IEEE 802.11 MAC to thoroughly understand impacts of misbehaving node on network throughput and delay parameters. Particularly, the model can express detailed backoff algorithms so that the evaluation of the network performance under some typical attacks through numerical simulation results would be easy.


• How was it conducted? Ten Shetland mares with a normal (n=5) or obese (n=5) body condition were led over a dynamically calibrated pressure plate before, immediately after and 72 hours after application of the shoes. The following locomotor variables were measured: stance duration (StDur), vertical impulse, peak vertical force (PVF), time to PVF and time from PVF to lift off. The hoof print was divided into a toe and heel region and the StDur toe-heel index was calculated. The toe-heel hoof balance curves of the vertical force were plotted throughout the stance phase.


The article focuses on finding the new ways of using the reserve capacity of the athletes organism. The problem of recovery of the functional reserves of cardiovascular system and improvement of the functional readiness of basketball players aged 17-18 years old, based on a set of the out of training means. The authors have revealed and proved the feasibility of the pedagogical influence aimed at optimizing the athlete's adaptation to the training and competition loads, as well as increase in the special health and functional readiness of the athletes.


Until November 2013 and the printing of TTM trial, TH was a standard of treatment in OHCA. In Italy 55.000 events of CA occur every year. Early Prognostication in neurological outcome is still difficult and controversial. We decided to investigate the influence of lactacidemia at the time of start(T0) TH and after 24 hours(T24) on neurological outcome at 6 months. After the ischemic injury, microcirculation is dysfunctional. Lactacidemia explains how the microcirculation is going to restore itself1,2. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of 88 patients admitted to several Italian ICUs. Patients underwent TH trough endovascular or surface cooling. We tested lactate in mmol/L at ICU admission and after 24 hours. Neurological outcome was measured using the Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC) by phone-interview. We analysed the data using the ROC curve. Results: The mean value of Lactate at T0 was 5,7 mmol/L and and at T24 was 3,6 mmol/L. 47 patients had a good neurological outcome (CPC s...


Background Clinical decision-making for patients with stage I lung cancer is complex. It involves multiple options (lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge, stereotactic body radiotherapy, thermal ablation), weighing multiple outcomes (e.g., short-, intermediate-, long-term) and multiple aspects of each (e.g., magnitude of a difference, the degree of confidence in the evidence, and the applicability to the patient and setting at hand). A structure is needed to summarize the relevant evidence for an individual patient and to identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on the decision-making. Methods A PubMed systematic review from 2000–2021 of outcomes after lobectomy, segmentectomy and wedge resection in generally healthy patients is the focus of this paper. Evidence was abstracted from randomized trials and non-randomized comparisons with at least some adjustment for confounders. The analysis involved careful assessment, including characteristics of patients, settings, residual confounding etc. to expose degrees of uncertainty and applicability to individual patients. Evidence is summarized that provides an at-a-glance overall impression as well as the ability to delve into layers of details of the patients, settings and treatments involved. Results In healthy patients there is no short-term benefit to sublobar resection vs. lobectomy in randomized and non-randomized comparisons. A detriment in long-term outcomes is demonstrated by adjusted non-randomized comparisons, more marked for wedge than segmentectomy. Quality-of-life data is confounded by the use of video-assisted approaches; evidence suggests the approach has more impact than the resection extent. Differences in pulmonary function tests by resection extent are not clinically meaningful in healthy patients, especially for multi-segmentectomy vs. lobectomy. The margin distance is associated with the risk of recurrence. Conclusions A systematic, comprehensive summary of evidence regarding resection extent in healthy patients with attention to aspects of applicability, uncertainty and effect modifiers provides a foundation on which to build a framework for individualized clinical decision-making.


Summary The four cytochalasins studied were found to have quantitative biologic activity at low concentrations, but elicited marked variation in ordering of response when compared in two in vitro systems. All four cytochalasins were teratogenic in vitro. Cytochalasin D was teratogenic at the lowest concentration, while cytochalasin E was the strongest inhibitor of cytokinesis. Since these compounds have been recovered from food and are stable to heat, their biologic activity in man should be studied.


Formal method Event-B supports refinement as a means to divide a proof problem into different ones. To make the divided proofs easier to prove, we need to find an appropriate dividing strategy in refinement. At the same time, we should consider some other conditions given as proof obligations, and also how to formalize the specification. We think one of the reasons why Event- B is not accessible for developers is the simultaneity of these considerations in refinement. In this paper, we propose a modeling guideline to separate the con- sideration of the dividing strategy from Event-B formalism. We use a tree- structured diagram to design the dividing strategy in our guideline. We show a case study to confirm the feasibility of our approach.


With the social isolation resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, the residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal District Public Health System adapted to maintain the attendance and course schedule. Theoretical classes migrated to online and there was an abrupt change in practical activities, such as the reduction in elective care and new biosafety protocols. The objective of this research was to understand the impact of the pandemic on the residency, including the analysis of perception and the level of satisfaction of the participants regarding online classes and practical activities, analysis of the number and type of surgeries performed in 2020 and residents' attitudes aimed for professional career, through Likert type questionnaires. Only half of the tutors and less than half of the residents were motivated to use the virtual teaching environment. In addition, the number of surgeries was reduced by more than 40%. In addition, half of the residents responded that they do not feel capable to resolve unexpected events related to their training and that they are not confident in making decisions regarding their professional career. COVID-19 will continue to have a greater impact on surgical practice, so hospitals should develop a detailed contingency plan, including for pandemics and schools should permanently incorporate options of complementary remote activities in their curriculum. Descriptors: Education; Dentistry; Surgery, Oral; Coronavirus Infections; Internship and Residency. Impact of COVID-19 in residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal District Public Health System Revista da ABENO • 21(1):1266, 2021 – DOI: 10.30979/rev.abeno.v21i1.1266


As soccer is a team sports event, the mood of the whole team and the full play of its skill may be affected by the tension or under the abnormal performance of any individual player. To guide the training and competition for soccer players with psychological theories and to have further research in the need, adaptation, nervous state and change of mood of the players have become a question of the first importance at present.


Background: A cause of endodontic treatment failure was sterilization process error so that bacterias still left in the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to sterilization medicines, it was necessary to develop natural sterilization medicines such as the Queen pineapple stems that had the antibacterial content. Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the effectivity of the Queen pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) stems extract in decreasing the Enterococcus faecalis's colonies Materials and Methods: This research was true experimental with the post test only control group design. The Queen pineapple stems extract tested its secondary metabolites contents. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth synchronized with Mc Farland 0,5 solution and divided into seven groups (n=7). It used dilution series method, each BHIB tube given by the 100% extract (P1); 50% (P2); 25% (P3); 12,5% (P4) ; 6,25% (P5) ; 3,125% (P6) and without the extract( K(-)), incubated for 24 hours and streaked on Mueller Hinton Agar and incubated for 24 hours, then calculate the colonies' amount ofrr each group. Datas analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-Test because only 50% and 25% concentration can be calculated. Result: The result showed that the Queen pineapple stems contained flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, also there were significant differences among the 50% and 25% concentration groups  p<0.05. Conclusion: The Queen pineapple stems extract's 50% concentration was effective to decrease the number of Enterococcus faecalis's colonies.


Purpose: To quantify the effects of cataract surgery on the anterior chamber topography in patients with angleclosure glaucoma (PACG), open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and patients with no evidence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Materials and methods: 170 eyes of 119 patients undergoing phacoemulsification, followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantations (PC IOL), were divided into three groups as follows: PACG (50 eyes, 28 patients), POAG (40 eyes, 29 patients) and a control group (80 eyes, 62 patients). The Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera measured the following changes that occurred in the anterior chamber: depth (ACD), volume (ACV), angle (ACA) and central corneal thickness (CCT). Additionally, Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP). All measurements were first taken preoperatively and subsequently at 3 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Results: When measured at 3 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, the mean ACD, ACV and ACA increased in all groups (p 0.05). We also found insignificant postoperative pachymetric changes when compared to the preoperative period (p>0.05). The IOP decreased throughout all postoperative periods in all groups, though mostly in PACG eyes (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cataract surgery significantly increased ACD, ACV and ACA in all study groups. The surgery respectively decreased IOP and induced insignificant changes of CCT.


Contents: Introduction Part I Phenomenology of Eschatology: The phenomenality of anticipation, Jean-Yves Lacoste Awaiting, Claude Romano. Part II Phenomenological Eschatology: Sacramental imagination and eschatology, Richard Kearney The promise of the new and the tyranny of the same, John Panteleimon Manoussakis John Zizioulas on eschatology and persons, Douglas H. Knight. Part III Eschatological Phenomenology: The eschatology of the self and the birth of the being-with or, on tragedy, Ilias Papagiannopoulos Being and the promise, Jeffrey Bloechl. Part IV Phenomenology and Eschatology: Historical Confluences: 'Hineingehalten in die Nacht': Heidegger's early appropriation of Christian eschatology, Judith E. Tonning Phenomenology and eschatology in Michel Henry, Jeffrey Hanson 'Without world': eschatology in Michel Henry, Kevin Hart Appendix: The present and the gift, Jean-Luc Marion Index.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a study set up to investigate and map the landscape of digital writing today. A holistic perspective has been adopted involving writers, readers and publishers alike.Design/methodology/approach – The research uses a qualitative approach and combines interviews and direct observations. In in‐depth interviews 13 participants (four writers, four publishers, three readers and two on‐line readers) were questioned for their opinions on issues related to writing, publishing and reading digital fiction. The three readers were also observed while interacting, for the first time, with three digital stories.Findings – Results show that the area is still unsettled though much excitement surrounds experimentations and freedom of publishing online. Readers seem uneasy with the role of co‐creators that writers want to assign them and prefer linear stories to more deconstructed ones. Writers like to experiment and combine multiple media and readers like to interact with ...


Large area (20 cm2) epitaxial lifted-off (ELO) triple junction (TJ) solar cells based on inverted metamorphic (IMM) InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs were fabricated. These TJ IMM ELO solar cells exhibited efficiency >29% at one sun AM0 illumination, which is the highest reported efficiency for IMM ELO thin cells to date. The cells had fill factor >85%, open circuit voltage (V<inf>oc</inf>) = 2.93 V, and short circuit current density (J<inf>sc</inf>) = 16.3 mA/cm2. Studies performed on IMM ELO solar cells after >700 thermal cycles between −175 °C and 80 °C revealed no degradation in cell performance. Batches of up to 48 substrates were subjected to reclaim after the ELO process; no degradation in performance was noted between cells grown on prime and reclaimed substrates.


The present study examined associations between physical activity, sleep, and academic outcomes in undergraduate students (N = 52). More consistent sleep throughout the semester (lower sleep variability) was associated with higher homework grades. The interaction between sleep variability and sleep quantity was not significant suggesting that greater sleep overall did not buffer students from the negative effects of sleep variability on grades.


Introduction Previous international research indicates that people with severe mental illness often experience lower levels of activity participation and may therefore be marginalized from occupational opportunities that support recovery. This study aimed to describe activity and participation patterns of consumers of mental health services living in the community and identify significant relationships with demographic characteristics. Method A cross-sectional observational study design was utilized, via data mining of the Activity and Participation Questionnaires completed while receiving services from an area mental health service. Data for 282 consumers, who submitted 333 questionnaires, were included. Results Consumers were mostly engaged in home-based and unpaid work, and their participation in these tasks significantly increased over time. Significant relationships were found between activity participation and age, gender and primary language. Consumers who were older were less likely to participate in employment, education and physical activity, while female and culturally and linguistically diverse consumers were less likely to engage in activities in the community. Conclusion Demographic factors may have a significant impact on the ability of consumers to participate in activities. This may require targeted approaches to activity and participation interventions for specific groups of consumers.


Sixty-two cases of keratodermia tylodes palmaris progressive are reported. The majority (92%) of patients were female. Tile average age of onset at female group was 21.9 years and male group 32.2 years. The lesions were poorly demarcated, dry, erythematous, glazed and with superficial cracks. They affected primarily the pulps and paimar surfaces of the fingers and the frazit parts of the palms, and both hands were involved often. 77.4% of the patients were asymptamatic. It run a chronic course. Response to topical cortiro-steroids was poor. 93.5% of the patients could be aggravated by soaps/detergents, cold and dry climate, friction and others. The disease appears unrelated to allergy or inheritance. Sex liarmone disttubance and/or microcirculation abnormality may play an important roe in the aetiology.


Architectural design progress is consist of data analysis, decission of pre-shape, shape improvment and detailing steps. Decission of pre-shape is problem area by context of creavitiy. CAD softwares are used in order to visualize in design steps. In these steps, pre-shape period is problem area in the context of creativity. Utilization of 2D typological plans database has been examined in Gazi university, department of architecture CAD studio, in order to accelerate obtaining architectural pre-shape. Previously used typological plan schemes of design subject building have been placed into CAD software library as database. In same time, design area has been produced in digital environment by its topographic properties such as slopes, trees etc. It is expected from students to choose one of the typologic schemes which is suitable to functional requirements and to place on the design area. Building sub-components have been placed on plan scheme. In that step, functional relations of sub-components, spatial requirements, direction needs of spaces have been created preliminary architectural composition. In the next step, design process period, studends have obtained final architectural form by using CAD modification tools such as scale, rotate, skew, strech. It is observed that utilization of typologic schemes is shortening the pre-forming in architectural design. Completely new desingns can be obtained by inputs of design environment, directions, climate, styles, technology in design improvment steps. Keywords: Architectural design education, generative design , computer aided design, typological data, algoritmic design;


In this work, the micropatterned (Ni micropillars) masters were fabricated by combination of photolithography and electroplating technique. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps were successfully made by casting technique on micropatterned masters and used for further preparation of polymeric microchamber arrays film considered to be a drug delivery system. Micropatterned master fabrication is more precise technique, which is necessary for defects elimination.


In this paper, maximum wind power tracking is achieved without wind measuring. The controller design procedures are split up into two individual steps: i) Determine the objective states from the desired output equation and the constraints related to system equations; ii) determine the control feedback gains by solving a set of LMIs based on Lyapnouv method. By doing so, beneficial control features of high performance, exponential convergency, and smooth control signal can be achieved.


The invention belongs to the field of solar water heaters, and relates to a polypropylene modified material and method for preparing a plastic inner casing of a water heater by using the polypropylene modified material. The polypropylene modified material comprises the following components by weight: 60-90% of polypropylene, 10-20% of fiberglass, 0-5% of edible calcium, 0-5% of an antioxidant, 0-5% of an ultraviolet screening agent, and 0-5% of a setting agent. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the polypropylene modified material provided by the invention is high temperature resistant, can be used for a long time at a temperature higher than 100 DEG C, and has good chemical stability; (2) the method for preparing the inner casing of the solar water heater by using the polypropylene modified material is simple in procedures and easy in operation; and (3) the plastic inner casing prepared by the method according to the invention has high strength, does not leak gas and water under a 5MPa container pressure, does not deform and break during water testing, pressurization and other processing processes, and has a long service life over 20 years.


Abstract Batukau temple, a remote Hindu temple on the slope of Mount Batukau, unavoidably undergoes the extending function of the Hindu temple from purely a spiritual site to a spiritual and tourist destination. This additional status as a tourist destination consequently changes the face of the outdoor sign's language in the temple. This study investigates the current language contestation of the outdoor signs in the temple compared to its original status as a spiritual sanctuary. The data were documented through the direct observation method with photographic techniques. At the same time, the comparative data of the previous condition were collected from various public online sources. The result shows that Balinese script presentation is less salient than the roman script. It is treated as a symbolic function to emphasise Bali's identity in the area. The presence of the Indonesian and English languages is highly dependent on their message and location. They play their roles in non-spiritual related outdoor signs, such as informational signs on environmental, education, sanitation issues and prohibition signs related to the temple's status as a sacred place. Furthermore, all languages are used in Covid-19 prevention signs.


As part of an initiative to inventory the poorly known Taiwan bryozoan fauna, this paper reports on results of two workshops that processed and identified collections from Green Island, southeast Taiwan. A total of 22 genera with 30 species were found, six of which are new for science. The new species, all in the order Cheilostomata, are Amastigia tricervicornis, Caberea sinensis, Catenicella marceli, Hemismittoidea taiwanensis, Parasmittina spiculata and Celleporina avicularidentata. In comparing the three major groups, cheilostomes predominate, only a few cyclostome taxa were recognized, and no ctenostomes were found. These completely new data from Green Island probably reflect the taxonomic richness of the bryozoan fauna in the tropical western Pacific biogeographic region, even though this region still remains relatively uninventoried.


We reveal the orbital-selective metal-insulator transition in a $4d$ multiorbital system, ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{({\mathrm{Ru}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(x=0\ensuremath{-}0.2)$, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. With a small substitution $(x=0.05)$ of Mn with localized $3d$ orbitals, the spectra for the $4{d}_{xy}$ band become incoherent with a large gap, while the $4{d}_{xz/yz}$ bands stay metallic with sharp quasiparticle peaks. Intriguingly, this lifts band hybridization among $4d$ orbitals, and causes a two- to one-dimensional crossover in the remaining Fermi surface. Significant nesting in the remaining Fermi surface is implied to induce the reported magnetic ordering, and yields the insulating bulk state at higher Mn substitution, where all bands are gapped and totally incoherent. The availability of orbital-selective tuning of the pseudogap by a small impurity will prompt further theoretical studies of Hund's metals, which were recognized only recently in condensed matter physics.


Laboratory and field cage studies were conducted to determine the degree of successful parasitization by selected Trichogramma stocks for the eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie), the bollworm, and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), the cabbage looper.

The laboratory studies showed significant increases in female longevity, number of eggs successfully parasitized, and progeny production when H. zea eggs were used as hosts.

Two types of field cage experiments were conducted in cotton fields. The 1st type, which had either H. zea or T. ni egg cards in a given field cage, indicated that twice as many H. zea egg cards were found. The 2nd type of experiment had both hosts in varying proportions in each cage, and showed that a higher proportion of H. zea eggs were successfully parasitized even when T. ni eggs were more abundant.


Abstract Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can detect lung cancer early and decrease lung cancer-specific mortality for current smokers but remains under-utilized among these populations. Although African-American smokers tend to smoke less and have lower smoking pack-year histories, they have lower quit rates, higher rates of mortality from lung cancer than other racial/ethnic groups. This study examined the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention integrating LDCT screening among African-American smokers. This study recruited 60 African-American daily smokers over the age of 55 who qualified for LDCT screening. Participants were randomly and equally assigned into two groups (intervention and control). Overall, the mean age was 61.0 years old (standard deviation, 5.5), 61.7% of the participants were female and, 91.7% had lower incomes (<$20,000). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, smoking status, knowledge, attitudes, and stage of change for smoking cessation. The findings showed that participants in the intervention group had a lower number of daily cigarettes smoked (9.5 vs. 11.0) and a higher reduction in the number of daily cigarettes smoked (-2.3 vs. -0.9) than those in the control group. Participants in the intervention group were more likely to be in the preparation stage of the stages of change model (50.0% vs. 40.0%), progress in the stage of change (36.7% vs. 16.7%), or report already having had quit smoking (10.0% vs. 3.3%) than those in the control group. LDCT screening represents a potential "teachable moment" for African-American smokers, which may encourage them to consider these strategies for smoking cessation.


Contemporary enterprise systems focus primarily on performance and development/maintenance costs. Dealing with cyber-threats and system compromise is relegated to good coding (i.e., defensive programming) and secure environment (e.g., patched OS, firewalls, etc.). This approach, while a necessary start, is not sufficient. Such security relies on no missteps, and compromise only need a single flaw; consequently, we must design for compromise and mitigate its impact. One approach is to utilize fine-grained modularization and isolation. In such a system, decomposition ensures that compromise of a single module presents limited and known risk to data/resource theft and denial. We propose mechanisms for automating such modular composition and consider its system performance impact.


In this paper, a study on the principal performance of the purse seiner ship in two vessel formations was conducted. For this task, the outline of the purse seiner fishing system in two vessel formations was reviewed. At the same time, based on the general arrangement plan, hull form of the main vessel was developed. And the stability and ship motion characteristics of the ship design were estimated. Finally, to verify the characteristics of the resistance and self-propulsion coefficient, a model test in a circulating water channel was performed. As a result, it is anticipated that this presentation will be used as the foundation material for research of purse seiner.


Combining the agency perspective, entrepreneurship and upper echelon research, this paper examines inter-links between executive power, board selection strategy and share ownership in a sample of initial public offerings (IPOs). It argues that the IPO process presents a unique combination of agency relationships between the firm's executive and non-executive directors, and outside investors. It shows that, in line with the predictions of a proposed theoretical model, board independence, diversity and share ownership of non-executive directors are negatively associated with the experience and power of executive directors. Large-block share ownership is positively associated with board diversity. However, external investors, including venture capitalists, do not affect board independence and non-executives' interests.


While fiberoptic passive couplers are mainly developed to13; resemble their microwave counterparts, the active coupler13; using the repeater technology is more versatile as its function could be altered to suit the user. One such unidirectional active coupler designed for digital applications for fiberoptic systems is described here.


Following the transaction-costs politics (TCP) approach (Dixit 1996), this paper tries to spell out the making of that development policy, as prevailing in the Objective 1 area in Europe from 1999, based on decentralization and multilevel governance, and essentially implied from the success of endogenous growth paradigm. The TCP approach allows for the explanation of both the genesis and evolution of a policy in real time, by considering (i) the policy-making as a set of general rules and of individual intervention actions, and (ii) this set in the same way of incomplete, flexible and dynamic contracts (Williamson 1985). In this theoretical context we reconsider the underlying innovative notion of decentralization, that consists in a devolution process of political power to local agents and their communities, by promoting local partnership rather than a mere administrative delegation of function from central to local level (Bardhan 1996). The outcome (success or failure) of this development policy approach is strictly connected either with new frame of governance rules or with their feasible "use": this means that a rules scheme would be not neutral with respect to objectives choices (Stiglitz 2001). In short, we refer to the agency model in order to explain either the enforcement process of rules or local implementation of specific development policies and measures. Finally the outcome policy will be not predetermined, but it will depend from how the agents (formal, informal, individual, groups, organisations) interact inside a community, that benefits by the set of development measures (complementarity) (Aoki 2001;Ray 2000).


Silver nanoparticle preparation and X-ray diffraction studies are reported in this paper. Metallic nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical techniques, where the chemicals used are quite often toxic and flammable. This paper deals with a cost effective and environment friendly technique for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution by co-precipitation using the leaf extract of different species of Ocimum which acts as reducing and capping agent. The important ingredients responsible for the formation of silver nanoparticles present in the leaf extract are triterpenes, flavonoids and eugenol. Wide range of experimental conditions has been adopted in this process and its X-ray diffraction characterizations have been studied. The average crystalline size was 12 nm. The particle size and strain which were calculated using Williamson-Hall equation were 12.3 and 0.3688 respectively. The dislocation density was 7.9 × 10 14 m − 2 .


Childhood maltreatment is robustly associated with adult-onset vulvodynia, a common form of female genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. However, little is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on current sexual, psychological, and relationship adaptation for couples with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). This study examined the associations between childhood maltreatment and sexual and psychosocial functioning and pain in women with PVD, the most common subtype of vulvodynia, and their partners. A total of 49 couples (Mage women = 27.80, SD = 6.05; Mage men = 30.04; SD = 6.48) with PVD completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), as well as measures of sexual functioning, couple satisfaction, and anxiety. Women also reported on their pain during intercourse. Analyses were guided by the actor–partner interdependence model. Women's higher reports of childhood maltreatment were associated with their lower sexual functioning and higher anxiety. Partners' higher reports of childhood maltreatment were associated with their lower sexual functioning, lower couple satisfaction, and higher anxiety, as well as women's lower couple satisfaction and higher anxiety. Both women's and partners' higher reports of childhood maltreatment were associated with higher affective pain for women. Findings suggest childhood maltreatment experienced by women with PVD and their partners should be considered as part of treatment planning.


Vasectomies should be done only after deliberate consideration by the patient his wife and physician. The authors technique involves preoperative sedation and local infiltration of lidocaine into the scrotal skin and a needle passed through the scrotal skin to isolate the vas. A quarter-inch incision is made through the scrotal wall to the vas. After incising the fascia over the vas another needle is passed under the isolated vas which is lifted out of the wound. A section of vas 1 cm or less is excised between 000 catgut ligatures. The mucosa of the cut ends are fulgurated with a needle electrode. The cut ends of the vas are replaced in the scrotum. No skin suture is used. The operation is completed bilaterally in 15-20 minutes. Ejaculate specimens should be examined two months after surgery and again at six and 12 months. In approximately 200 vasectomies only one spontaneous reanastomosis has occurred.


Fingerprint enhancement is a critical part in an automatic fingerprint recognition system. It is necessary to choose the suitable enhancement technique for fingerprint, in order to reduce the post-processing part of the fingerprint recognition system. This paper is a survey on directional filter, which describes the splitting of the input image into eight parts and reconstruction in to a single image after image enhancement .


TO THE EDITOR: The problems of international medical graduates have much in common with the problems associated with international trade in commodities such as pots, pans, and automobiles. Suppose Country A produces more physicians than it can employ, and Country B cannot produce enough physicians who want to train as internists. In a free market, physicians will inevitably migrate from Country A to Country B to fill the vacant training positions in internal medicine. This entirely predictable state of affairs has been accompanied by much hand-wringing and lamentation, remarkably reminiscent of Detroit's response to imported Japanese automobiles. The debate has mirrored the historic conflict between free traders, who advocate an open door to foreign products while maintaining quality controls and domestic standards, and protectionists, who advocate rigid import barriers and denounce foreigners for taking jobs away from U.S. citizens. Dr. Levey's focus on quality control suggests that his heart does not lie with the protectionists [1]. Adam Smith could explain the economics of the problem, but Elisabeth Kubler-Ross might provide a better insight into its passions. She described the stages of grief in dying patients: denial, anger, bargaining, and depression, followed finally by acceptance [2]. Many of my fellow program directors grieve for internal medicine and fear that it may be in grave peril. Most have progressed beyond denial, but many are still angry, bargaining, and depressed. I (an Australian graduate) counsel that we accept the situation, maintain a free market, improve the quality control of international medical graduates, and resist all the temptations of protectionism. The free movement of physicians will ensure that the best and the brightest continue to emigrate to the United States and that training programs in internal medicine survive and prosper.


Malaria is a deadly disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. In this paper a deterministic system of differential equations is presented and studied for the transmission of malaria. Then optimal control theory is applied to investigate optimal strategies for controlling the spread of malaria disease using treatment, insecticide treated bed nets and spray of mosquito insecticide as the system control variables. The possible impact of using combinations of the three controls either one at a time or two at a time on the spread of the disease is also examined.


During the last 50 years, most Islamic countries have lost their urban and architectural heritage; they opted for a contemporary urban structure imported from Western countries; and, as a result, they lost their identity and missed the opportunity to preserve their valuable Islamic architectural heritage. Our cities are losing their historic styles and the impact of modernisation has led to a rupture of continuity between the inherited morphology and more recent urban structure. On the other hand, Western designers are impressed by Medinas and old cities; they are seeking and investigating established techniques and ways of construction which have proved their effectiveness and success. It seems that we have forgotten that traditional architecture proved its effectiveness in reducing heat, cold, noise, humidity, etc., inside buildings; that is an important message for modern designers. Our architectural heritage is a force that should link and connect past, present and future communities. This study investigates the acoustic comfort and design intentions of the traditional house; it compares techniques used for reducing noise in traditional local buildings and modern apartments and identifies how to integrate sonic quality to architectural design. This may provide an alternative approach for designers and developers who are able to create architecture that will be the heritage of tomorrow. Our research focuses on objective sound levels, in different indoor and outdoor spaces. In conjunction with these measures, we correlate the use patterns in different zones of the buildings and the effect of noise on the inhabitants. Our intention is to present a multidisciplinary study on sonic quality in housing and public spaces and to promote traditional ways of construction.


A divide-by-4 frequency divider based on single clock dynamic-loading latches in 0.13 μm complementary-metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS) technology is presented.It consists of two levels of divide-by-2 frequency divider.A buffer circuit is inserted between them to realize separation and the level matching.The post-simulation shows that it exhibits the maximum operating frequency which is up to 37GHz,and achieves a frequency range of 27GHz.While operating at 37GHz with the 1.2V supply voltage,the power dissipation is less than 30mW,The chip area is 0.33×0.28mm2.


Background: Infant mortality is considered one of the most sensitive indicators of the health status of a community. Fallujah lacks accurate information on mortality and related indicators. Reporting of infant deaths is defective. Causes of death in general are grossly misrepresented in death certificates. Objectives: Estimating the IMR in Fallujah city, Al-Anbar governorate, Iraq , during the years 2007, 2008, & 2009. Patients & methods: This is a review of hospital records involving all live births & deaths occurring from the beginning of January 2007 to 31 December 2009. The data were collected from files of patients admitted to the neonatal & children hospital wards during the studied years, from birth & death certificates recorded in the hospital & Fallujah health vital statistics center. Data collected included name, age, sex, residence, place & date of death. Results: The IMR was 75/1000 live births in 2007, 67.4/1000 live births in 2008, & 65.9/1000 live births in 2009. About 83.8% of deaths occur during the neonatal period, & 16.2% in the postneonatal period, the male IMR (89/1000 live births) was higher than female IMR (50.4/1000 live births). The studied dead infants were 52.8% in the rural & 47.2% in the urban areas. Conclusion: IMR didn't show much difference during the 3 studied years this may reflect the fact that there was no much improvement in the social, health economic in addition to the security situation during the studied years.


Syntrophy, tightly coupled mutualistic interactions between microorganisms, proves essential for global carbon cycling in anaerobic environments. The term syntrophy was first used to describe the exchange of sulfur compounds between phototrophic, green-sulfur bacteria and chemotrophic, sulfur-reducing bacteria.


In this letter, we investigate the benefits of systematic network coding (SNC) in Digital Video Broadcasting by Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2X) based satellite systems. We propose an architecture and encapsulation framework to use SNC at the link layer (LL) of DVB-S2X. Our proposal includes coding both at the source node and at one intermediate node to increase the overall throughput (achievable rates) and reliability. We derive the theoretical upper bound on the achievable rates of the proposed LL-SNC and validate it with simulations. Our simulation results show that LL-SNC achieves significantly higher transmission rates and reliability than state-of-the-art link layer forward erasure correction (LL-FEC) schemes. Moreover, our results confirm the benefits of LL-SNC for different frame lengths available in the standard. Specifically, LL-SNC can provide up to 158% higher maximum achievable rates than LL-FEC while complexity is kept low due to the use of systematic encoding.


In forming a scribe line (S) along an intended cutting line (CL) as a boundary between an effective-surface part (Ga) and a non-effective-surface part (Gb), a preliminary scribe line (RS) smoothing merging with the intended cutting line (CL) while curving toward the intended cutting line (CL) from the non-effective-surface part (Gb) is formed by a scribe wheel (H), after which the scribe line (S) is formed continuing from the preliminary scribe line (RS). An auxiliary scribe line (HS) extending through the non-effective-surface part (Gb) toward the scribe line (S) from a starting end (HSS), a terminal end (HSE) thereof not merging with the scribe line (S), is also formed by the scribe wheel (H). The depth of the scribe line is greater at curving portions thereof along corner parts than at the other portions thereof in the boundary between the effective-surface part and the non-effective-surface part.


A general circuit analysis of the trigger circuit originally due to O. Schmitt (1938), namely a differential pair containing positive feedback, is presented. The analysis technique is illustrated by applying it to the well-known case of a bipolar Schmitt trigger. The result is a simplified and thus more transparent analysis. The same technique also gives an exact analysis of the MOS version of the same circuit. >


A general method for deriving exact expressions for vector potentials produced by arbitrarily knotted solenoids is presented. It consists of using simple physics ideas from magnetostatics to evaluate the magnetic field in a surrogate problem. The latter is obtained by modeling the knot with wire segments carrying steady currents on a cubical lattice. The expressions for a 31 (trefoil) and a 41 (figure-eight) knot are explicitly worked out. The results are of some importance in the study of the Aharonov–Bohm effect generalized to a situation in which charged particles moving through force-free regions are scattered by fluxes confined to the interior of knotted impenetrable tubes.


Periodic inspection reporting system is the one which the inspector makes an inspection to the building equipment and the owner reports the result to the specific administrative agency in accordance with Building Standard Law. Our laboratory gathered the data of buildings about the emergency electric lighting system and smoke exhaust apparatus along with the administrative agency on 2013 and 2014. The reliability of these apparatus can be calculated using the data and the result will be very useful to maintain these apparatus for fire safety.


1The origin of the term "desktop publishing" is claimed by Aldus Corporation, the developers of Page Maker. 2The challenge of defining the term is compounded by the very name of the process, desktop publishing. It is neither accurate nor complimentary. In a recent letter, Ray Bradbury, novelist and futurist, said the term made him think of stove top vittles. He went on to suggest it be called The Gutenberg 2001. While the term richly suggests that DTP will radically change our means of communicating, it may be too metaphorical for our brisk business purposes. I pondered the acronym ITIP for "integrated text/image processing." But that's another of those nounish phrases business writing is infamous for. Maybe the term "page processing" will gain acceptance. It might fit our purposes better, so long as we don't limit our concept of "page" to a typewritten 8 1/2 x 11 inch sheet of white bond paper.