in English, 250 words or less): This work focuses on the use of semantic wikis and specifically in the creation of an ontology and is subsequen inclusion in the chosen semantic wiki. First, it provides the justification for the project, the objectives and the project plan set. Then, to start settling knowledge, it provides an introduction to the semantic web, its structure, components, advantages and disadvantages. Continuing and moving ahead in the heart of the project, it explains what is an ontology and shows the research on the languages needed to develop, such us XML, RDF and OWL, which provides a basic overview and some examples for its understanding. The, it proceeds with the explanation of the concept of semantic wikis and more specific information about Semantic MediaWiki that will be chosen for the case study. Finally, there is a section that describes the process for the implementation of the case study which is a description of the method used to create a television series ontology, Semantic MediaWiki installation and inclusion of the ontology in the wiki. At the end, there is a glossary of key terms that appear along the memory. Palabras clave (entre 4 y 8): XML, RDF, OWL, Ontología, Web semántica, Wiki semántica Índice 1. Introducción ...............................................................................................3 1.1 Contexto y justificación del Proyecto .........................................................3 1.2 Objetivos del Proyecto ............................................................................4 1.3 Enfoque del Proyecto ..............................................................................4 1.4 Planificación del proyecto ........................................................................6 1.4.1 Diagrama de Gannt ........................................................................8 1.5 Productos obtenidos ...............................................................................9 1.6 Breve descripción de los otros capítulos de la memoria .............................10 2. Web Semántica .........................................................................................11 2.1 Introducción ........................................................................................11 2.2 ¿Qué es? .............................................................................................11 2.3 Componentes .......................................................................................11 2.4 Estructura ...........................................................................................12 2.5 Ventajas ..............................................................................................13 2.6 Inconvenientes y desventajas ................................................................14 3. Ontologías ................................................................................................14 3.1 Qué son ..............................................................................................14 3.2 Lenguajes de representación ..................................................................16 3.2.1 XML ............................................................................................16 3.2.2 RDF ............................................................................................20 3.2.3 OWL ...........................................................................................25 3.3 Herramientas de creación, edición y gestión ............................................28 3.3.1 WORDNET ...................................................................................28 3.3.2 PROTÉGÉ .....................................................................................31 3.3.3 SPARQL .......................................................................................31 4. Wiki Semántica .........................................................................................33 4.1 Qué es ................................................................................................33 4.2 Semantic MediaWiki ..............................................................................34 4.2.1 Definición ....................................................................................34 4.2.2 Características .............................................................................34 4.2.3 Funcionalidades ............................................................................35 4.2.4 Cómo almacena la información .......................................................36 4.2.5 Cómo se añade información semántica ............................................36 4.2.6 Cómo importar ontologías .............................................................36 5. Aplicación práctica ....................................................................................37 5.1 Diseño de una ontología ........................................................................37 5.1.2 De qué trata ................................................................................37 5.1.3 Pasos que se han seguido ..............................................................37 5.1.5 Estructura jerárquica de clases y propiedades ..................................41 5.2 Aplicación sobre wiki semántica ..............................................................43 5.3 Problemas encontrados .........................................................................59 5.3.1. Carga del archivo XML/RDF ...........................................................59 5.3.2 Error en el código del Endpoint del SPARQL ......................................60 5.3.3 CSS Wiki .....................................................................................61 6. Conclusiones ............................................................................................62 7. Glosario ...................................................................................................63 8. Anexos ....................................................................................................65 9. Bibliografía ...............................................................................................66 Índice de Ilustraciones Ilustración 1: Diagrama de Gantt Entrega Pac 2...............................................8 Ilustración 2: Diagrama de Gantt Entrega Pac 3...............................................9 Ilustración 3: Diagrama de Gantt Entrega final.................................................9 Ilustración 4: Web Semántica Estructura web semántica.................................13 Ilustración 5: RDF Grafo RDF.......................................................................21 Ilustración 6: RDF Ejemplo completo RDF......................................................25 Ilustración 7: WORDNET Ejemplo Wordnet.....................................................30 Ilustración 8: SPARQL Ejemplo SPARQL.........................................................32 Ilustración 9: Aplicación práctica – Wordnet, TV Show y Coordinates...................38 Ilustración 10: Aplicación práctica – Wordnet, TV Show e Hypernyms.................39 Ilustración 11: Aplicación práctica – Wordnet, TV Show y Hyponyms...................39 Ilustración 12: Aplicación práctica – Jerarquía de clases Series TV.....................41 Ilustración 13: Aplicación práctica – Propiedades de Series TV...........................42 Ilustración 14: Aplicación práctica – Propiedades de datos de Series TV...............43 Ilustración 15: Wiki Semántica Página principal después de instalación.............44 Ilustración 16: Wiki Semántica Páginas especiales para SMW después de instalación...................................................................................................44 Ilustración 17: Wiki Semántica Páginas especiales para RDFIO después de instalación...................................................................................................46 Ilustración 18: Wiki Semántica Importación RDF (Inicio) Ontología Series TV.....46 Ilustración 19: Wiki Semántica Importación RDF (final) Ontología Series TV......47 Ilustración 20: Wiki Semántica Listado categorías Series TV MediaWiki............47 Ilustración 21: Wiki Semántica Página categoría Capítulo Series TV..................48 Ilustración 22: Wiki Semántica Listado de propiedades MediaWiki.....................48 Ilustración 23: Wiki Semántica Propiedad CapítuloEsDeLaSerie de SeriesTV MediaWiki....................................................................................................49 Ilustración 24: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción buscar por atributo en SMW......49 Ilustración 25: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción explorar artículos en SMW(1).....50 Ilustración 26: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción explorar artículos en SMW(2).....50 Ilustración 27: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción explorar artículos en SMW(3).....51 Ilustración 28: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción búsqueda semántica en SMW(1) ..................................................................................................................51 Ilustración 29: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción explorar artículos en SMW(2).....52 Ilustración 30: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo opción explorar artículos en SMW(3).....52 Ilustración 31: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo página nueva con datos Series TV........53 Ilustración 32: Wiki Semántica Página principal final.......................................54 Ilustración 33: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo resultados semánticos 1......................55 Ilustración 34: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo resultados semánticos 2......................56 Ilustración 35: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo resultados semánticos 3......................57 Ilustración 36: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo resultados semánticos 4......................58 Ilustración 37: Wiki Semántica Ejemplo uso SPARQL para Series TV.................59 Ilustración 38: Wiki Semántica Error SPARQL.................................................60 Índice de tab


An interest in the Greek idea of the hero, and in the cults established in Greek states to historical or legendary figures endowed with this status, has for long been one of the chief concerns of research into Greek philology and religion. But it is only through the gradual accumulation of archaeological evidence of Geometric and Archaic date that the origins of 'hero cults' have begun to be seen as an historical problem requiring an historical explanation. The most recent general works on Geometric and Archaic Greece, by J. N. Coldstream, Anthony Snodgrass and François de Polignac, have long sections devoted to discussing the significance of hero cults, and general 'pan-hellenic' explanations have been offered for their occurrence. Whilst there may be much truth in their suggestions, such 'pan-Hellenic' explanations ignore important local differences in the archaeological and material manifestations of hero cults. These differences, I would argue, relate in part to the different paths that were taken in the formation and development of early states in Greece. I shall use as examples the two regions of Attica and the Argolid, two areas of Greece where differences both in the manifestations of hero cults and in the paths of social evolution can most easily be traced. Before embarking on a detailed comparison of the two areas however, some discussion of the other general explanations that have been put forward is in order.


The engagement theory of the gear rack mechanism can be used to study the silent chain mechanism.The modification coefficient of involute sprocket is achieved by the engagement analysis between the silent chain and involute sprocket.The result shows that the variation of the modification coefficient is influenced by the tooth number and the pitch.The variation curve of modification coefficient is given.The undercut of the involute sprocket is investigated to derive the minimum tooth.The research on the minimum and unique modification coefficient proves that the minimum tooth value is 17 as the sproc-ket pitch is equal to 9.525 mm.Based on the envelope principle and the coordinate transformation,the function of the transition curve between the involute tooth profile and root circle is conformed.The approach presented to achieve the modification coefficient and the minimum tooth number is applicable to the silent chain mechanism with all kinds of pitches.


A wide variety of applications of shape memory alloys is seen in devices where the response required of them is essentially quasi-static. At the same time, the high damping intrinsic to the alloys known as "quiet metals," such as Nitinol, have led to their use as passive distributed dampers. However, it is generally felt that the frequency response of SMA actuators is too slow to permit their use for structural control where they need to supply a time-dependent force at the natural frequency of a structure. In many applications the response time of SMA actuators is ultimately limited by heat transfer. Typically, very rapid heating can be achieved but the time needed for cooling is long compared to the vibratory period of typical mechanical or civil structures. A unique approach has been found suitable to overcome this inherent limitation. The approach is based on using several Nitinol wires as actuators in parallel and energizing subsets of these during successive cycles of structural motion, effectively trading reduced control authority for increased frequency response. Thus, with an array of actuators an effective bandwidth can be achieved that is demonstrated to be greater than the bandwidth possible with a single actuator. This technique of multiplexing several actuators was established in principle by the senior author of this paper in 1990. Most recently, upon completion of the effort reported here, the authors learned that Wilson et al. (1990) had employed a similar approach to obtain a higher frequency bandwidth. The approach has now been extended to demonstrate its validity by applying it to a robust box beam made of steel. Furthermore, successful performance of the multiplexing scheme has led to the analysis, design, fabrication and testing of a composite beam in which NiTiNOL fibers were embedded. A series of vibration tests were conducted on the composite beam along with temperature measurements using an infrared camera. With the multiplexing approach, the first two modes of the composite beam, at 23.5 Hz and 144 Hz respectively, were excited. This unique approach can now be developed further to design structural systems of interest to industry and build smart composite structures. This serves the eventual goal of controlling vibration at frequencies higher than was thought possible with this material.


Signal detection is important in sonar and underwater digital communication. Optimum signal detection in underwater acoustic noise (UWAN) can be achieved with the knowledge of noise statistics. The assumption of Gaussian noise allows the use of linear correlation (LC) detectors. However, the non-Gaussian nature of UWAN results in the poor performance of such detectors. This study presents an empirical model of the characteristics of UWAN in the shallow waters of an acoustic underwater channel. Four detectors for the detection of known signals in UWAN are compared: locally optimal (LO) detector, sign correlation (SC) detector, LC detector, and the proposed Gaussian noise injection detector (GNID). The performance of the detectors is evaluated according to the detection probability ( ) and receiver operating characteristic curves. Given a probability of false alarm �) rate of 0.01 and of 90 percent, the energy-tonoise ratios of the LO detector, SC detector, GIND, and LC detector are 8.854, 10.8, 10, and 12 dB, respectively. Among the four detectors, the LO detector achieves the best performance, whereas the LC detector shows the weakest performance in the presence of non-Gaussian noise.


Some pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) bark and turmeric (Curcuma domestica Linn.) rhizome extracts demonstrated strong gastroprotective activities. In this studies, the effect of combination of neem bark and turmeric rhizome extracts were investigated on acetosal-induced gastric ulcer in rats.The combination is expected to produce synergic effect on the gastric ulcer. The combination of extracts was administered orally in various doses for 7 days prior to the ulcer induction. On the 8th-day rats were given asetosal 400 mg/kg bw to induce gastric ulcer. All rats were sacrificed 8 hours after asetosal induction for the determination of ulcer index, total acidity, mucus thickness and histophatological examination. The combination of neem bark extract (250 mg/kg bw) and turmeric rhizome extract (50 mg/kg bw) was significantly reduced the ulcer index (a = 0.05). This result was substantiated by histophatological examinations. Results of this study showed that combination of neem bark and turmeric rhizome extracts have synergic gastroprotective activities.


The review article presents an analysis of the data of foreign and domestic researchers characterizing the effectiveness of nebulizer therapy for bronchial asthma in children. The paper considers new data comparing the effectiveness of aerosol delivery devices. The advantage of inhalation therapy, which determines its widespread use in childhood, is its rapid delivery to the respiratory tract, high local and low systemic concentrations of the drug in target organs. Difficulties in observing the correct inhalation technique due to the difficulty of synchronizing inhalation and drug delivery, especially in young children, remain an urgent problem in the practice of treating chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, which leads to a severe and uncontrolled course, disability and adverse outcomes. The main disadvantage of ultrasonic nebulizers is the inactivation of suspensions, antibiotics and other drugs. Widely used jet nebulizers create noise during inhalation, have a large residual volume in the nebulizer chamber. In this regard, the improvement of delivery forms continues, taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory organs, the age of patients and comorbid conditions. The characteristics of the optimal inhaler include simplicity and ease of use, reliability, the possibility of effective inhalation of various drugs in combination with economical consumption. From this point of view, one of the universal means of transporting aerosols is membrane or electronic mesh (mesh) nebulizers, which provide excellent regional drug deposition in all age groups of children. The rapid achievement of clinical effect, compactness, mobility expand the possibilities of using mesh nebulizers at all levels of medical care.


CuSO4.3HzO crystallizes in space group Cc with a= 5.592, b= 13.029, c=7.341 A, B= 97°3 ', Z=4. The structure has been determined from Patterson and Fourier syntheses using three-dimensional data collected on a precession camera with Mo Ke radiation. The structure was refined by the method of least squares. The final R value for 936 observed structure factors is 0.069. The coordination polyhedra around the Cu2+ ions do not share any edges or corners with each other; they are connected by hydrogen bonds and via linking sulfate groups. The square planar coordination around the copper ion consists of three water oxygen atoms and one sulfate oxygen atom at an average distance of 1.96/~. Two more sulfate oxygen atoms at 2.40 and 2.45 A, complete the distorted octahedral coordination. The average S-O bond length in the sulfate tetrahedron is 1.472 A. The positions of the hydrogen atoms were not determined experimentally; they were calculated theoretically assuming that the hydrogen atoms are in positions of least electrostatic energy. Only four of the six crystallographically nonequivalent hydrogen atoms are involved in normal hydrogen bonds.


We measure and compare productivity when products and inputs are heterogeneous in quality, analyzing productivity growth in China manufacturing 1998-2013. Growth was mostly based on the introduction and development of new products, in particular by entrants. Not controlling for quality, measured productivity understimates productivity by the amount of the quality dimension of production, and overstimates it by the effect of the higher quality of the inputs. To control for input quality we specify the inputs of the production function in the form of standardized quantities. To identify the direct effect of quality on production and productivity we use the demand for the product (set of products) of the firm, assuming that the firm sets optimally the unobserved level of quality. Not all demand heterogeneity, however, can be assumed to be due to quality. ∗We thank Shigang Li and Di Liu for assistance and Mo Xiao for useful comments. †Department of Economics, 270 Bay State Road, Boston, MA02215, USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡Renmin University of China, National Academy of Development and Strategy, School of Finance, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, PRChina. E-mail: email@example.com.


Nonlinear behavior of piezoceramics is a well‐known phenomenon. For large stresses and/or strong electric fields it is described by various hysteresis curves. Quasi‐static experiments exhibited hysteresis relations between excitation voltage and strain as well as between excitation voltage and electric displacement. This behavior can be modeled by using the classical Preisach model. On the other hand, typical nonlinearities of Duffing type such as jump phenomena, multiple stable amplitude responses at the same excitation voltage and frequency, and the presence of superharmonics in response spectra can be observed when piezoceramic actuators are excited near resonance, even at weak electric fields. In this paper, different experimental results for both quasi‐static and dynamic nonlinear behavior and corresponding models are presented and compared. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective To study the effects of Ramulus mori extracts on blood glucose and peroxidation in diabetic rats.Methods Copy diabetic rat model using alloxan,were given medicine for 4 weeks and the levels of blood glucose,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured.Results Serum SOD of rats in DM group significantly decreased than that of normal control group;serum and MDA in liver and pancreas significantly increased than that of normal control group(P0.01).After treatment by Ramulus mori extracts,blood glucose levels in diabetic rats decreased,serum SOD levels had a greater increase,the content of serum and MDA in liver and pancreas significantly decreased.Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Ramulus mori extracts can reduce blood glucose in diabetic rats and improve their oxidation resistance.This may have positive significance for preventing the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.


A 19-year-old previously healthy man presents with intermittent diarrhea, fever, and weight loss with pleuritic left-sided chest pain for 1 month. What does the chest x-ray show?


This paper examines the development of active Chinese involvement in the UN missions and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of a growing Chinese presence in the multilateral security field. In this research, the authors have used descriptive and analytical methods in addition to their ongoing fieldwork in several Sub-Saharan African countries and China. After presenting China's UN-policy, drawn upon relevant literature, the authors test a wide range of the UN resolutions and other data, comparing their case study about MINURSO to other UN Peace Operations. Though MINURSO in Western Sahara was not their top priority, China also participated in this mission, to gain valuable experiences for future cooperation. In conclusion, the paper demonstrates China's global rise in general, and its ascending position as a global security provider, in particular, via its African engagements.


In high volume fly ash concrete,the higher of fly ash volume,the concrete strength and carbonization resistance.Expansion agent may ameliorate the strength of high volume fly ash concrete,and it has little influence on natural carbonization and could improve the resistance against compulsive carbonization.Development law of Long age period strength of high volume fly ash concrete indicates that its strength evaluation age shall be prolonged to 90 days.There is an optimum mixing proportion for auxiliary cementitious materials,where fly ash occupies 50% to 60% and expansion agent takes up6%.In this proportion,cementitious materials have favorable coordination between expansion and strength.


Objectives To determine the quality of sclerosant foam produced with an automated preparation system with multiple combinations of sclerosing agents, gases, and device settings. Methods Single-use mixing capsules filled with air or O2/CO2 and polidocanol (0.25, 1, or 3%) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (0.2 or 1%) were coupled to a customized magnetic stirrer. Stirring speed and time were adjusted between 1500 and 4000 r/min and 30 and 60 s, respectively, and characteristics of the foam produced were measured: half-life, bubble diameter, and gas-to-liquid ratio. Results With optimized device settings, the following foam characteristics were obtained: half-life range, 1.4 ± 0.9 to 5.2 ± 0.6 min; bubble diameter, 84 ± 14 to 119 ± 6 µm; and gas-to-liquid ratio, 5:1–7:1. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam was quicker to form than polidocanol but faster to degrade. Foams with low sclerosant concentrations and O2/CO2 required higher speed and longer time. Conclusions Suitable foam characteristics could be obtained with all combinations of sclerosing agent, concentration, and gas.


A single flight training simulator is so expensive that it is difficult to realize a large scale of clusters of flight training simulator.Based on the current simulation technology,a HLA-based flight training simulator is designed and performed in this paper which introduces the hardware structure and theory,especially the development of software modules of this system.As the company of full flight simulator,this simulator has low cost and high efficiency except for meeting the normal demands for training in practice.At the same time,it has the good propriety of extension.


In order to make the ocean energy generator system realize the maximum power under various conditions, this paper proposes a control strategy based on linear active disturbance rejection control algorithm. The output power is mainly affected by the spin-speed of the generator in a nonlinear manner, and this phenomenon is originated from the tip speed ratio state of the turbine blades. This tip speed ratio associated maximum power can be achieved through a coupled control system that adjusts the spin-speed of generator elaborately. The state equations of ocean power generation system are transformed into a standard form to fit the linear active disturbance rejection control. Finally, the simulation model of the system is established by using Matlab/Simulink platform, with a series of input signals for different working conditions. The results verify that the maximum power under control can be effectively attained by a quick tracking of the target speed.


This paper presents an historical survey of the basis for design wind pressure used by 19th and early 20th century engineers. Events significant to the development of current wind design standards for pedestrian bridges are explored. These include 19th century treatments of wind load, a review of bridge disasters that spurred new thinking, and historical developments of today's standards.


Stillingia aquatica, a wetland shrub in the Southeastern U.S., was profiled in Southeast Florida from a natural history standpoint. The stem has exceptionally lightweight wood in common with other periodically root-inundated woody plants. Pseudowhorled tufts of conspicuous yellow leaves subtend the similarly colored spikelike thyrsoid inflorescences. The plants are monoecious, self-compatible, protogynous with respect to inflorescences, and with a mixed mating system. After a pistillate-only phase, pistillate and staminate phases overlap in time, and are positioned in close physical proximity within inflorescences. Then follows a prolonged phase of only staminate flowers plus maturing fruits. The inflorescences attract ants, bees, and especially abundant wasps, switching from mixed bees and wasps in the dry season to essentially just wasps in the wet season. Wind-pollination is minimal to none. Ants are often abundant in the inflorescences and believed to contribute to geitonogamy but are not necessary for fruitset. Agamospermy is none to negligible. The seeds often fail, with the failure rates varying between populations and between individual plants.


The increasing incorporation of distributed generation (DG) in the Chilean distribution networks will cause that there are periods of the day in which the generation equipment injects a large amount of active power to the system, causing possible stability problems, such as solar generation at midday in residential areas, where it coincides with the hours where people are normally in education and work centers, so that low consumption coincides with high generation. Due to the above, the low voltage distribution system of a rural area located in Cuncumén in the Coquimbo region was modelled in ETAP to analyse the impacts on voltage, short circuit currents and power flows that occur due to high photovoltaic penetration. The results shows that the voltage amplitude can be greatly affected under the abovementioned circumstances.


To the Editor:— The purpose of this communication is to report a small series of cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with insulin. It has been demonstrated that insulin-induced hypoglycemia will produce a fall in circulating eosinophils and increased urinary uric acid excretion in the presence of responsive adrenal cortical tissue. Similar effects are found following the administration of epinephrine. Increased urinary uric acid excretion and fall in circulating eosinophils are indexes of increased adrenocortical activity. Insulin and epinephrine are believed to act on the anterior hypothalamus, from which the anterior pituitary is stimulated. This, in turn, produces adrenocortical secretion (Hume, D., Jr.:J. Clin. Investigation28:790, 1949). These pathways are readily exhausted by repeated stimulation. The beneficial effects of 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone (Kendalls' compound E; cortisone) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on rheumatoid arthritis has led us to investigate the therapeutic value of insulin in this disease. Nine cases of


Objective:To analyze the survival rate of AIDS patients who initially received anti-retroviral therapy in 2005-2008 by the end of 2011,and to determine factors associated with survival status.Methods:Information of AIDS patients initially starting antiretroviral therapy during 2005-2008 was collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System.Kaplan-Meier was applied to make survival curve;and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status.Results:Totally 451 cases were analyzed.The gender ratio of man to women was 1.75 ∶1.Most of participants were married or cohabitated,with 20 to 50 years old.The major transmitted route was heterosexual.Most of participants were from southern area of Jiangsu.At baseline,average CD4+ T cell counts were 107/mm3.Accumulative survival rates in 12th,24th,36th,48th and 60th after therapy were 0.88,0.85,0.84,0.78 and 0.78 respectively.53.6% of participants died within the first six months of therapy.CD4+ T cell counts at baseline,initial therapy schedule,and therapy schedule changed were found to be associated with survival time of patients.Conclusion:Anti-retroviral therapy improved the survival rate of AIDS patients.Starting therapy earlier can get better treatment result.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa11.02 This study focusses on external factors of second language learning (L2) and their effect on L2 sound production. The aim was to find out whether young adults whose first language (L1) is Estonian speak L2 English with less accent than older speakers of L1 Estonian. Prior studies have claimed that more exposure to the target language lessens the effect of L1 interference (internal factors) (e.g. Piske et al. 2001, Munoz, Llanes 2014). An apparent-time study was imple- mented in order to test whether a change in learner setting (i.e. limited exposure to the target language vs. abundant exposure) shows any evidence which can be explained by such external factors. Data was elicited from the speech samples of 97 speakers of L1 Estonian and L1 interference effects were analysed sound by sound. The results show that the younger generation displays less L1 Estonian interference than the older generation. Both greater exposure to the target language and earlier age of L2 learning onset correlate with the ability to produce more sounds target-like.


Recent advances in energy harvesting techniques have enabled the development of selfsustainable systems that are powered by renewable energy sources in the environment. In this field, designing power control policies that can achieve high throughput is a significant problem. In this thesis, we analyze the long-term average throughput of Best Effort Policy in energy harvesting communications under a Bernoulli energy arrival process. We provide a limit and an order's upper bound of the difference between throughput induced by limited battery and throughput induced by unlimited battery for two Bernoulli cases respectively when battery capacity approaches infinity. Besides, some other energy harvesting processes are considered, their characteristics of throughput are discussed by numerical simulation.


In this year's competition [1], we made three changes based on last year's system [2]. The first change was using original videos instead of resized videos. The second change was training the code books under separated cameras. The final change was performing inner vector normalization after feature encoding. In the cross validation, some of the proposed changes had impact on the detection and together made the fusion more accurate. However, in the competition, this year's submission was inferior to the last year's submission. We investigated the submission and found that it was caused by using the original videos, which was proposed for the intention of increasing the motion saliency in the features. As a consequence, we will not use the original videos to extract features for the next round.


This report presents shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements made during September 1991 aboard I&S Charles Darwin in a region north-east of the Faeroe Islands. The purpose of this cruise was the evaluation of sensors aboard the European Space Agency ERS-1 satellite against in-situ measurements. Here the set-up and calibration of the AD CP and also the quality of the data are discussed. Both underway and on-station data are presented separately with additional contour plots of relative acoustic backscatter and percent-good during the underway sections. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory Wormley, Godalming Surrey GU8 SUB. UK. Telephone Wormley (0428) 684141 Telex 858833 OCEANS G. Director: Colin Summerhayes DSc Facsimile (0428) 683066 Copies of this report area vailable from: The Library, PRICE £0 00


IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. ABSTRACT: This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using global input-output matrices, we construct four different tariff measures that capture the direct and indirect exposure to tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that tariffs higher up and further down in the value chain depress value added, employment, labor productivity and total factor productivity to varying degrees. We find no benefits for the sector that enjoys additional protection, yet there is some evidence of economic activity being diverted, i.e. positive effects on value added and employment from tariffs imposed on competitors. Our paper relates to recent innovations in theoretical gravity models and provides an empirical assessment of possible long-term effects of recent trade tensions. value chain, which increase the cost of inputs; (c) tariffs further down in the value chain, which increase the costs of the own output for the eventual consumer; and (d) the ease of access to export markets compared to other international competitors. Our empirical model then estimates the effect of the respective tariff measures on value added, employment and productivity. Illustrative simulations provide a sense of the relative magnitudes of the effects. our results are informative to assess the effects of trade wars depends on asymmetries and non-linearities in the effects of tariffs. While we are not aware of convincing evidence on non-linear effects, there is some evidence on asymmetry. Furceri et al (2021) suggest that the dynamic effects of a tariff increase are more harmful for productivity and output than tariff decreases are beneficial. Irwin (2014) finds a similar effects when looking at US sugar imports between 1890 and 1930, attributing the asymmetry to front-running prior to tariffs increase followed by a collapse in demand once the tariff is in place. Their findings suggests that our estimates, based on tariffs levels which generally declined, may actually underestimate the damage done by a tariff increase.


Graphene/inorganic hybrid structures have attracted increasing attention in research aimed at producing advanced optoelectronic devices and sensors. Herein, we report on aerosol synthesis of new graphene-embedded zinc oxide (ZnO) films with higher optical transparency (>80% at visible wavelengths), improved electrical conductivity (>2 orders of magnitude, ∼20 kΩ/□), and enhanced photoluminescence (∼3 times), as compared to bare ZnO film. The ZnO/graphene composite films, in which reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (∼4 nm thick) are embedded in nanograined ZnO (∼50 nm in grain size), were fabricated from colloidal suspensions of graphene oxide with an aqueous zinc precursor. These new luminescent ZnO/graphene composites, with high optical transparency and improved electrical conductivity, are promising materials for use in optoelectronic devices.


Hospitals face many pressures, including limited budgets and resources. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mostly includes patients who are in critical condition and require costly sources of treatment and has attracted much attention from the medical community. The ability to predict the length of stay for newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can assist the health care system in allocating needed resources and also has clinical value as an indicator of newborn's health status. This research utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database (MIMIC III), and the performance of different machine learning models on NICU patients was discussed. Data was filtered, extracted, and preprocessed from the database, and the preprocessing step included a vast amount of feature engineering. The performance of various regression models for predicting hospital length of stay for NICU patients was discussed and compared. Finally, high performing results with a high R2 score of 0.78 by exploiting only patients' diagnoses data and demographics obtained at the first 24 hours of the admission was achieved.


Energy consumption is a vital component in day-today life. Visualising energy consumption, recommending energy conserving strategies and, controlling the appliances are some of the widely considered means to motivate and/or to help end-users at household to conserve energy. However, the conventional energy visualisation applications have certain drawbacks, such as lack of energy consumption location, lack of controlling appliances based on energy-saving recommendations, etc. To overcome those, this research would accomplish a simulation model by designing the following: (i) visualisation engine, to visualise household electricity consumption, (ii) recommendation engine, to provide energy-saving recommendations to the end-users, (iii) control engine, to control the household appliances based on the recommendations, and (iv) integrate visualisation, recommendation and control engines. This research uses a combination of user-centred design and iterative development methods. Successful implementation of these objectives would provide a significant contribution to this inter-disciplinary research area and would serve to achieve higher energy savings.


A supramolecular chirality transition driven by monodentate ligand binding, the present strategy shows promise for the rational design of dynamic coordination chirality capable of alternating between chiral objects of different shapes driven by a specific external stimulus.


Tank for liquefied natural gas, comprising a structure (11, 111) support and a sealed tank and thermally insulated for containing liquefied natural gas, said tank comprising several tank walls fixed to said support structure, each wall of tank in this order in the direction of thickness from the inside to the outside of said tank, a barrier sealingly primary, a primary thermal insulation barrier, a barrier secondary sealing and a secondary thermally insulating barrier comprising said tank walls at least one wall vertical, comprising the barrier secondary sealing of said vertical wall a first sheet (16, 116) sealingly located on the top of said wall and a connecting device that links, in a sealed manner, said first sheet sealed to said support structure, characterized in that said connecting device comprises a first plate (22, 122) metal parallel to said first sealing layer and a second sheet (17, 117) sealingly that is, on the one hand, attached to said first sheet stagnates and, moreover, joined to said first metal plate.


The synthetic resin Piccolyte WW 100 dissolved in xylene is proposed as a cement for gelatine light filters. Its advantages are a high thermal softening point, good adhesion to glass, absence of tendency to form air-bubbles, rapid drying and freedom from yellowing with age or on exposure to light. The technique of its use is described.


Increased serum bilirubin levels in patients with Gilbert syndrome (GS) are caused by reduction of hepatic activity of bilirubin glucuronosyltranferase to about 30% of normal. UGT1A1 genetic polymorphism with absent or very low bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (B-UGT) activity is associated with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and other hyperbilirubinemias. The genetic basis of GS is the insertion of two additional TA nucleotides (resulting in seven repeats of TA) in the TATAA box, present in proximal promoter of UGT1A1 gene. This study included 323 Croatian pre-scholars, including 164 boys and 159 girls. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for total bilirubin concentration between different genotypes (p<0.001). Also, statistically significant difference for total bilirubin concentration was emphasized between genotypes 6/6 and 7/7 (p<0.001) as well as 6/7 and 7/7 (p<0.001). Higher total plasma bilirubin concentrations are significantly correlated with 7/7 genotype which is present in 9.8 % of population studied.


The hemodynamic responses and metabolic changes were examined in 13 healthy malestudents on the passive tilting from recumbency to 60°, 75° and 90° or vice versa, re-spectively. Abrupt increase of heart rate was observed by cardiotachograph on each ofpostural change. The average per cent increase in heart rate was about 50% as comparedwith that of recumbent, however, no significant difference was observed among each angle.Systolic pressure fell 15 mm Hg on tilting, but diastolic pressure remained at about thesame level.Urinary output of catecholamine, particularly of noradrenaline, increased markedly.The increased noradrenaline excretion may be attributed to the vasoconstriction, whichwas inferred from the reduction of amplitude in volume pulse in the big toe and from thefall in skin temperature. The rise of rectal temperature on tilting from recumbency totilt position may be attributed to both the decrease of heat loss through vasoconstrictionand the increase of heat production.On tilting urine volume and urinary output of sodium and chloride decreased, whilelittle change was observed in potassium excretion.


The paper describes the accredited magnetometer calibration facility of the Nurmijarvi Geophysical Observatory of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The magnetometer calibration is part of the Magnetic Calibration and Test Laboratory of the observatory, which was accredited by the Finnish Accreditation Services (FINAS) in August 2007. The facility comprises a three-axes coil system installed in a non-magnetic building, temperature test system and an automatic control and measuring system. Both analog and digital outputs of magnetometers can be connected to the control electronics and the calibration procedure can be run fully automatic or with a predefined protocol. Accurate orientation with optical methods allows determination of the angles between magnetic and mechanical axes of the magnetometer. Experimental results of a calibration of a satellite magnetometer are included to demonstrate the calibration concept.


AbstractDecision aids, ranging from rating systems to design software to regulatory standards, guide the design and evaluation of infrastructure projects. To present the information in these decision aids, there must first be some options such as, attributes are or are not presented, and, just as in other domains, these factors are likely to influence decisions in infrastructure development. The authors of this paper seek to better understand how choice structures influence engineering decisions. Prospect theory, which is well established in the behavioral sciences, asserts that people tend to think of possible outcomes relative to their starting point, not the resulting end point. For instance, framing a decision outcome as a loss in value (rather than a gain) can reduce the decision makers' acceptance of risk and, in turn, lead to more conservative outcomes. To measure framing effects in engineering decisions, this paper uses the Envision rating system for sustainable infrastructure, which aims to help ...


In recent years, American colleges and universities have seen greater diversity among their undergraduate students and greater civic interest and action among these students. In fact, many have argued that meaningful engagement with diversity constitutes an important means of preparing college graduates to participate and flourish in a globalized and rapidly changing society. The current study explores this assertion by conducting a meta-analysis of the relationship between college diversity experiences and civic engagement. The results show that diversity experiences are associated with increases in civic attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behaviors, and the magnitude of this effect is greater for interpersonal interactions with racial diversity than for curricular and cocurricular diversity experiences. The strength of the relationship between diversity and civic engagement also depends on the type of civic outcome and whether changes in that outcome are assessed through self-reported gains versus longitudinal methods.


This research was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research Collaboration and Knowledge Interoperability Program and Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary
University Research Initiative Grant N000140610446.


The article is devoted to the study of the process of borrowing and adaptation of English loan words in the Ukrainian language. It is established that in the lexical system of the Ukrainian language foreign words make up about 10%, 70 – 80% of which are English loan words. The presence of a significant share of English loan words in the Ukrainian language is due to a number of extra- and intralinguistic factors: the development of economic, cultural and political ties; quantitative and qualitative complication of various spheres of language communication; diversity of norms of speech behavior; expansion of regulatory limits; achievements of English-speaking countries in certain fields of activity; striving for linguistic economy; the need to replenish the composition of expressive language means; the need to clarify and detail the concepts available in the language; «Americanization»; imitation of fashion. The study systematizes English loan words in the Ukrainian language and distributes them by spheres of use (sociopolitical, financial and economic, culture and art, technical, mass communication, sports, science, and education). Three stages in the process of adaptation of English loan words into the Ukrainian language are distinguished: 1) the initial stage, which is characterized by a change in the morpheme structure of English loan words; 2) in-depth, related to the selection of the same components in groups of English loan words based on the similarity of final elements and the development of new suffixes of English origin in the Ukrainian language; 3) the stage of full adaptation, which is characterized by participation of English loan words in the process of word formation through the mediation of Ukrainian language suffixes, the formation of new complex words based on English loan words and Ukrainian or previously borrowed words, as well as the consolidation of the spelling form of complex words. It is established that the inclusion of English loan words in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language and their active use in oral and written speech leads to the formation of synonymous pairs containing proper Ukrainian counterparts.


We develop a structural model to analyze the eect of banning advertising on market equilibria and welfare in junk food markets. We consider the impact on demand and prices, and we show how to quantify welfare eects when advertising might lead consumers to take decisions that are inconsistent with their underlying preferences. We use transaction level data on the potato chips market and nd that banning advertising leads to a direct reduction in demand, but also toughens price competition, leading to lower prices and increased demand. Welfare increases as consumers benet from no longer


: Structural analysis of proteins using the emission of intrinsic fluorophores is complicated by spectral overlap. about all the that contributed to anisotropy provided information about the mobility of each Here the utility of demonstrated via study the thermal of serum albumin Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of the constituent polarized emission ARMES data resolved contributions from four emitters: fluorescence from tryptophan (Trp), solvent exposed tyrosine (Tyr), Tyr in a hydrophobic environment, and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from Trp. The MCR scores, anisotropy, and literature validated these assignments and showed all the expected transitions during HSA unfolding. This new methodology for comprehensive intrinsic fluorescence analysis of proteins is applicable to any protein containing multiple fluorophores.


The sustainable growth of society is connected to the safety of transportation. The analysis of the impact of transportation safety on economic development is therefore presented in this research against the backdrop of coordinated development. The degree of combination between transportation safety and economy as well as their interaction are determined in accordance with the various stages of transportation safety development. Additionally, while supporting other important long-term transportation goals, such as enhancing safety, energy independence, and environmental sustainability, governments must prioritize productivity growth. Investments in safe, efficient transportation infrastructure increase connectivity and reduce cost, which benefits the economy.


Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) conventionally require position sensors to generate proper commutation instructions. Due to the high temperature environment, BLDCM in air-conditioner compressor requires a robust speed control without rotor position sensors. In this paper, a novel hybrid solution was presented to achieve reliable sensorless rotor position detection with relative concise and low cost circuit as well as little software expense. Experimental results shows that the schemes implemented are workable and the performance achieved are satisfactory.


Excerpt Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen currently used primarily in the treatment of patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (1). Its major advantage over other hormonal agen...


Deriving a distributed, time-efficient, and connectivity-guaranteed coverage policy in multitarget environment poses huge challenges for a multirobot team with limited coverage and limited communication. In particular, the robot team needs to cover multiple targets while preserving connectivity. In this article, a novel deep-reinforcement-learning-based approach is proposed to take both multitarget coverage and connectivity preservation into account simultaneously, which consists of four parts: a hierarchical observation attention representation, an interaction attention representation, a two-stage policy learning, and a connectivity-guaranteed policy filtering. The hierarchical observation attention representation is designed for each robot to extract the latent features of the relations from its neighboring robots and the targets. To promote the cooperation behavior among the robots, the interaction attention representation is designed for each robot to aggregate information from its neighboring robots. Moreover, to speed up the training process and improve the performance of the learned policy, the two-stage policy learning is presented using two reward functions based on algebraic connectivity and coverage rate. Furthermore, the learned policy is filtered to strictly guarantee the connectivity based on a model of connectivity maintenance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerous simulations. Besides, our method is further deployed to an experimental platform based on quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles and omnidirectional vehicles. The experiments illustrate the practicability of the proposed method.


The actions of casual loads such as slug flow and water hammer loads on piping could cause severe damage to the piping.In order to guarantee safe and stable operation of the piping,performing rational pipeline layout and support design is necessary.In this paper,the action principle and dynamic and static simulations of slug flow and water hammer loads and their impact force calculations are introduced.Based on the topside piping flexibility analysis of PYRENEES FPSO project and by using the software CAESAR II,the equivalent static method is illustrated in detail.It will be a good reference for piping design.


The subject of the author's attention is the controversy around the mystery of D. G. Byron "Cain" (1821), caused by the sharp rejection of the play by a number of representatives of the English clergy and the establishment. The article presents and analyzes the arguments of several opponents and supporters of the mystery, who spoke in the public discussion under pseudonyms. The author notes that the main points of the confrontation are doubts in the traditional Christian explanation of the origin of evil in the world which were expressed by Byron in the mystery.


This report provides the latest indicators of child health, development and wellbeing. Death rates among children have fallen dramatically, and most children are physically active and meet minimum standards for reading and numeracy. But rates of severe disability and diabetes are on the rise. Too many children are overweight or obese, or are at risk of homelessness, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children fare worse on most key indicators. Read The Age article Mental health issues soar among children


This research intention is to investigate which virtual reality design interface features should be included in e-commerce 3D PDF advertising and to enhance user's level of
understanding or awareness of the product by presenting the proposed design features in the VR advertising material.
Nowadays, there are already companies adopting virtual reality technology in their ecommerce advertising business. With virtual reality being introduced, there are also
many virtual reality features that have emerged which may not be suitable to be applied to e-commerce advertising. Therefore the knowledge of knowing which features to use
are essential to ensure that customer will be satisfied in experiencing the advertisement.Though there are many tools which could be used for 3D advertising 3D PDF has proven to be the best option for e-commerce advertising.There are several processes used in completing this paper to guide the research in achieving the paper's mission. In general the steps are about:
1) Recognizing the problems
2) Analyzing and extracting the possible solutions of which virtual reality features
to be used in 3D PDF
3) Devising and conducting experiment and survey for the 3D PDF advertisements
which included the tailored virtual reality features
4) Evaluating users' attitude towards the material
Through experiments and user's evaluation, this study concluded that there are two main
categories of virtual reality features that can be use in 3D PDF advertisement which are
visual simulation and behavioral simulation. Furthermore the quest to enhance user
awareness of the product is successful when the features are presented in the advertisement.


Presents the design, rationale and basic mechanisms of the Information Discovery Graph (IDG), a scalable multimedia resource directory. Facing the fundamental challenge of scaling with both large amounts of resources and large numbers of users, the IDG is made up of a self-organizing hierarchy of information managers, each maintaining resource information for specific topics or areas. Multimedia data sources register themselves with the IDG system and keep the information up to date. Preliminary simulation results demonstrate the approach's promise. A number of open research issues are also addressed.


Seventeen compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ipomoea aquatic potted in paddy soil fertilized with municipal sludges and chemical fertilizer in greenhouse were determined by GC/MS. The results showed that the total contents of PAHs ( ∑ PAHs) in Ipomoea aquatic (aboveground) grown in varied treatments ranged from 0.414mg/kg to 5.404mg/kg, decreased in the order of Foshan sludge + fertilizer (5.404mg/kg)Guangzhou sludge + fertilizer (2.291mg/kg)fertilizer (1.961mg/kg)Guangzhou sludge (1.339mg/kg)Foshan sludge (0.747mg/kg)control (0.414mg/kg), and the contents of carcinogenic PAHs compounds ( ∑ PAHs_ carc ) were between 0.068 mg/kg and 0.944 mg/kg, decreased in the order of Guangzhou sludge + fertilizer (0.944mg/kg) fertilizer (0.372mg/kg)Foshan sludge + fertilizer (0.338mg/kg) Foshan sludge (0.311mg/kg)Guangzhou sludge (0.224mg/kg)control (0.68mg/kg). Bioconcentration of PAHs in Ipomoea aquatic fertilized with sludges and fertilizer increased to a different extent compared with control, nearly one times to six times higher for ∑ PAHs, and three times to six times higher for ∑ PAHs_ carc . The contents of ∑ PAHs, ∑ PAHs_ carc , and most PAHs compounds in roots were all lower than those of which in plant (aboveground). Contents of different PAHs compounds in each treatment of Ipomoea aquatic varied significantly, only one or several of PAHs compounds usually belonging to 3-benzene ring or 4-benzene ring compounds such as phenanthrene, fluoranthrene, anthracene,benz(a)anthracene were predominant, while those compounds belonging to 2-benzene ring, 5-benzene ring, and 6-benzene ring were usually minor or even under detection limit, which displayed different distribution patterns of PAHs compounds.


Students of Philippine society and government will find this book of readings a convenient reference work. It brings together an assortment of items, many of which include candid analyses of administrative problems as they occur in a Philippine setting. The opening essay by Carlos P. Ramos, originally published in 1962, while somewhat dated, is still a fine summary of the key characteristics of Philippine government as seen in ecological perspective. Two papers by Sixto K. Roxas, dealing with administrative obstacles to the implementation of economic development programs, and the improvement of performance by regulatory agencies, set a high standard. An excellent critical assessment of the Local Autonomy Act of 1959 is provided in an essay by Leonardo C. Mariano, originally published in 1963. Most of the material in the volume, however, is less analytical and more descriptive in an organizational and legal sense. Scattered throughout the Handbook in various selections are extensive descriptions of government corporations, budgetary and personnel agencies, local government structures, regulatory and planning agencies. The sources of these descriptions are well documented so that a student wishing to learn more aout them can readily follow up his interests. Fortunately an index—by subjects and titles—makes it possible to locate with little difficulty the information provided about any particular government agency or program. Some interesting and important public documents are included in the volume, notably an extensive analysis and evaluation of governmental programs by President Diosdada Macapagal contained in his "State-of-the-Nation Address" in 1965. A four-year economic program for the Philippines, presented by President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1966 is also included, together with reports on foreign aid and other topics. The appendix inJOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES


Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite responsible for transmitting giardiasis, worldwide. This parasite exists in two morphologic forms: an infective cyst and a replicating trophozoite. The symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and stunted growth in children. Metronidazole (Mz) is a commonly prescribed medicine to treat giardiasis, however, the emergence of Mz resistant (Mzr) parasite is increasing rapidly. Therefore, it is imperative to identify new targets for developing non‐metronidazole classes of anti‐giardial agents. Our laboratory is interested in elucidating two novel targets for drug development against Giardia: (1) glucosylceramide transferase enzyme (gGlcT1), and (2) the lipid rafts/microvesicles assembly. Both targets are important for the attachment, growth, and encystation of Giardia and maintaining overall pathogenesis. For targeting gGlcT1, we took the ligand‐based approach to identify compounds against this sphingolipid synthesis enzyme. Our search identified several compounds (including FDA‐approved drugs) such as sugammadex, temocapril, delapril, and miglustat, which were active in blocking attachment of trophozoites and cyst formation in vitro. Another drug PPMP ((D‐threo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐palmitoylamino‐3‐morpholino‐1‐propanol), a well‐known inhibitor of gGlcT1 with potential anti‐cancer activity, also inhibited trophozoite attachment (IC50,~6.5 mM) and Giardia cyst production (IC50,~3.5 mM). Previously, we have demonstrated that oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) was effective in disrupting giardial raft assembly and cyst production in vitro. In the current study, we synthesized eleven oseltamivir analogues and five of them were tested on the attachment of trophozoites. Oseltamivir and derivatives were synthesized from shikimic acid using standard methods. Briefly, 1x105 trophozoites were exposed to these analogues for 48 hours at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 µM on clear‐bottom 96‐well plates. Treated cells were washed with PBS (supplemented with 5 mM glucose and L‐cysteine) to remove non‐adhered cells. The attached parasites were stained with DAPI for 20 minutes at 37°C followed by quantification with the help of Biotek's Cytation 5 Multimode Microplate Reader (GloMax). One analogue, called HVK‐ii‐43, caused 80% inhibition of attachment of trophozoites at 10 mM concentration. At the same concentration (10 mM), a second analogue, JK‐i‐45 also inhibited the attachment by 50% (IC50, ~ 10 mM). These results suggest that synthetic derivatives of oseltamivir are pharmacologically active against Giardiaand should be considered as effective anti‐giardial therapies. Our results also support the hypothesis that active compounds in combination doses or in hybrid forms (e.g., PPMP‐oseltamivir) could be used as novel anti‐giardial agents that will be effective against Mzr cells. Future work will involve gGlcT1 characterization, monitoring lipid rafts disassembly, and microvesicle release from Giardia after exposure to these and additional analogues.


The analytical expansion self-consistent field method was employed to perform ab initio calculations for the ground states of the rare-earth ions, Tm2+, 4f13, 2F, and Tm3+, 4f12, 3H, (Z = 69). In each case the total number of basis functions used in the analytical expansions was 29, distributed as follows: 10, 8, 5, and 6, for the symmetries s, p, d, and f, respectively. All of the orbital exponents of the basis functions were optimized repeatedly, to the extent of the single-precision computer representation. Values of 〈rn〉 for the 4f orbital of both ions are also presented, for the convenience of experimentalists.


Present rules in fabrication codes, such as BSI PD6493, are aimed to reduce the probability of failures in welded pressure vessels subjected to cyclic pressure or vibrations. Yet, several leaks and ruptures have recently occurred in pressure vessels and pipes. Common aspects of these failures are crack initiation in weld metal and heat affected zone of welds, all related to an insufficient design of the reinforcement and poor execution of the welding procedure. Weld inadequacy is in one case a result of an increase in thickness as an attempt to increase safety; which also increased cyclic stresses due to excessive weight of the vessel. In this article, a brief overview of various pressure vessel failure mechanisms has been presented w.r.t impact toughness of thermally aged specimen, effects of absorbed hydrogen and thermal aging on crack-tip plastic zone in welded steel, fatigue crack mechanism of welded austenitic steel and effects of fatigue crack growth of thermally aged welded steel. About 39 published studies (1976-2015) are reviewed in this paper. It is marked from the literature survey articles that pressure vessels remain unsafe unless carefully designed, operated and inspected at regular intervals. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.


Sudd en chang es i n tech nology require companies to ha ve a workforce t hat ca n continually create in novative h igh con cept products and serv ices. Co mpanies th at rely on th eir technology divisions to drive innovation require their engineers to have creative design abilities as well technical prowess. The rel iance on engineers with these dual skill sets do es not guarantee success a nd often res ults in failure due t o restrictively system atic methodologies t hat stifl e creativity, en gineering m onocultures, a nd t he ass umption t hat t echnology i s a s pecialists' fi eld. Design driven com panies, o n t he other h and, o ften l ack a co ncrete m ethodology t hat can be applied to other companies due to a lack of knowledge of the definition of what design is and the ineffective conversion of employees into creative design forces. Therefore, this paper suggests to introduce a s olution t hat can incr ease creat ivity with in the tech nology centers of th e wo rld by analyzing b oth t echnology a nd de sign driven m ethodologies, c ombining t he m ethodologies i n conjunction with environments that foster learning through doing as seen in the Do It Yourself (D. I. Y.) technology movement.


ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a digital computer model for a two area interconnected power system which includes the governor deadband nonlinearity, steam reheat constraints and boiler dynamics. The improvement in automatic generation control (AGO with the addition of a small capacity Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit is studied. Time domain simulations are used to study the performance of the power system and the controller. Parameter optimization of the controller are carried out by the second method of Lyapunov, which ensures the stability of the system. Suitable methods for the control of SMES unit are also described.


and average linkage techniques and the results of inclusion and exclusion of primitive character states, were compared. There are significant differences, and exclusion of primitive character states is recommended. We put most emphasis on a combinatorial analysis of our own, which takes into account the changes in the feeding system as a single complex unit and also makes use of the phenetic methods in which primitive character states are excluded. The result is the placement of the 14 genera in four groups: A. Salamandra, Chioglossa, Salamandrina; B. Triturus, Euproctus, Neurergus, Paramesotriton, Cynops, Hypselotriton, Pachytriton, Taricha, Notophthalmus; C. Pleurodeles; D. Tylototriton. The very primitive groups C and D are slightly modified remnants of ancient groups. Group A is the most derived group. Chioglossa and Salamandrina are the most specialized genera. Of two computer methods for deducing phylogenies, one compares well with these results, but the other does not.


Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) plays a major role in inflammatory and vascular processes after cerebral ischemia. TNFa-Inhibitors have, on the one hand, been associated with thromboembolic events; on the other hand, they may prevent brain edema after stroke or injury. Here, we report on a 38-year old Caucasian male with a history of Crohn´s disease, treated with adalimumab, who presented without brain edema and only minor sequelae after a major ischemic stroke. This case report illustrates two interesting aspects: 1) the treatment with adalimumab could, in that case, be the etiology for the thromboembolic event; and (2) pretreatment with this TNFa-Inhibitor was the most likely reason why the formation of brain edema was suppressed.


In Hamlet the crisis of political authority that famously rots Denmark is registered as an aesthetic crisis—a crisis of perception, feeling, and experience. This essay recovers this broken regime of feeling under the tradition of "majesty," which in the period described the conventional set of affective and sensible experiences one was supposed to have in the presence of a sovereign prince. Whereas other contemporary plays such as Richard II often dispelled majesty as theatrical illusion, this essay argues that Hamlet takes majesty seriously but redescribes its enchantments to fit a new, post-Reformation decorum of sensibility characterized by dissensus. Here feelings of majesty most indicate sovereignty's divine authority when, paradoxically, they fail, unable (precisely as exceptional feelings of exceptional authority) to command common agreement. This essay thus counters readings that overemphasize the epistemic nature of Hamlet's crisis and resituates its aesthetic modernism at the intersection of phenomenology and political theology. [E.G.]


The generation of a 10.709 Gb/s differential-phase-shift keying (DPSK) signal is demonstrated using a 2-tap finite impulse response (FIR) filter and a wavelength tunable directly modulated distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. The taps of the FIR filter are set to [1, -1] enabling the generation of a bipolar drive signal with a full width at half maximum of 90 ps and a square-like pulse shape. The combined use of the FIR filter with the DBR laser allows for a compact DPSK transmitter. The quality of the DPSK signal is assessed using both noncoherent detection and coherent detection with digital signal processing. Transmission over a passive link consisting of 102 km of single mode fiber (SMF) is achieved using coherent detection and electronic dispersion post-compensation, with a received optical power (ROP) of -44.6 dBm at a bit error ratio (BER) of 3.8×10-3 and a 50 dB loss margin. Using noncoherent detection and no dispersion compensation, the same transmission distance is achieved with a ROP of -18 dBm at a BER of 3.8×10-3 and a 23 dB loss margin.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of innovativeness and internal locus of control on agro-entrepreneurial intention as well as the mediating role of innovativeness on the relationship between internal locus of control and agro-entrepreneurial intention among secondary school students in Nigerian. Using structural equation model on 200 secondary school students in Sokoto state, we found that the agro-entrepreneurial aspirations of secondary school students are significantly related to one's innovativeness, while internal locus of control has no significant effect. Also, internal locus of control significantly influences one's innovativeness. Finally, innovativeness has a full mediating effect on the relationship between internal locus of control and agro-entrepreneurial intention. Thus, the Nigerian government and other government entities are reminded by this study of the importance of continuing to develop training programs and activities to support psychological traits in young agro-entrepreneurs.
Keywords: : Innovativeness, Internal Locus of Control, Agro-Entrepreneurship,  Nigeria.


Titanium diffusion in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is the most prevalent fabrication method for form-ing optical waveguides in this substrate. Three dimensional profiles of the diffused Ti can be used to model diffusion constants of Ti in LiNb03 and to predict optical properties. We have studied Ti diffusion in LiNb03 by image depth profilling mode of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The novel application of SIMS to this substrate has enabled us to construct lateral cross sections at various depths as well as depth profiles. We varied the Ti thickness, Ti strip width, diffusion time and diffusion temperature to determine the diffused profile laterally and vertically. The SIMS depth profiles show that within the temperature range studied, the diffused profile depends strongly on the temperature with a weaker dependence on Ti thickness and diffusion time. Ti lateral cross sections at various depths indicate a concentra-tion dependent lateral diffusion constant. We calculated Ti diffusion constants and activation energies in the vertical dimension based on the SIMS data. The results of our study using this technique are applicable to integrated optics technology


In those 12-week-old male Charles River albino rats caged with females the mean dose of methadone was 17.4 mg/kg/day; in those males caged singly the dose was 15.5 mg/kg/day. In these experiments males were exposed to methadone in their drinking water with 5% sucrose for only a single night before mating either while caged or not caged with females. When both males and females were exposed to methadone the frequency of mating was decreased. Treatment of males only had no effect on the rate of mating. Litter size was not affected by methadone treatment. Offspring of males exposed to methadone were lighter in weight at birth and at weaning particularly if the males had been exposed to females during the period of methadone ingestion. The neonatal death rate of offspring of methadone-treated males was more than twice that of controls. Concurrent exposure of females during treatment seemed to indicate that the increased methadone effect was due to action of the drug on the developing spermatozoa.


To improve the performance of the existing deformation detecting algorithms,a novel method based on the differential model was proposed for DEM(digital elevation model) deformation detecting without control points.In addition,it has been successfully used to the deformation detecting of Puwaigou,a debris region with a deformation proportion of over 50%.This method is based on the LZD(least Z-difference) algorithm,as a result,both the magnitude and the relationship of observations can be taken into account by introducing the differential model to greatly improve the ability of deformation detecting.The research result shows that its matching accuracy is higher than that of the M-LZD(LZD using M-estimator) and LMS-LZD(LZD using least-median-of-squares estimator) algorithms.


We investigate a new kind of dark solitons and vortices that can exist in the exciton-polariton condensates. These structures have discontinuity in the excitonic part of the polaritonic field and exist due to an intrinsic multiplicity of the solutions for the exciton density in the given optical field. Reported solutions are characterized by two very distinct localization scales, and hence are coined as dual-core dark solitons and vortices.


The potential adverse environmental effects of aquaculture have been the subject of considerable attention in both the media and the scientific literature. We undertook a synthesis of the published scientific literature, primarily concerning Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), to assess the current data available regarding these potential effects. No data are available to test for the direct effects of aquaculture organisms on the demographics of wild fish populations. However, seven studies show that escaped salmon in the wild have lower fitness, as measured by survival and reproductive success, than native salmon. Thirteen other studies, encompassing 91 different traits, provide strong evidence of phenotypic differences between farmed and wild salmon, presumably because of artificial selection in the aquaculture environment. An additional 10 studies have documented significant genetic differences between farmed salmon and the wild fish with which they will interact, or potentially interact. Given the paucity of data regarding actual population consequences of escaped farmed fish on wild populations, and the documented differences between the two types of fish, it seems prudent to treat farmed fish as exotic species with potentially negative consequences for wild populations, particularly when the latter are of conservation concern.


This project elaborates a Bayesian-based approach for extracting resonance Raman spectra of highly-ordered β-sheet structure of amyloid fibrils. The proposed algorithm incorporates prior information about characteristic spectral bands using the signal dictionary approach and information about the concentration matrix by searching over the space of template mixing matrices. Upon further improvement, the algorithm can be specifically used for extracting spectra of species present in small fractions in IR, Raman, NMR, and MS spectral mixtures. Introduction. A chain of protein molecules can adopt three different conformations or secondary structures called random coil, α-helix, and β-sheet. Each protein can be thought of as a combination of these three secondary structures. Moreover, the dataset of deep UV resonance Raman spectra of hundreds different proteins can be fitted with three component spectra. This suggests that three pure secondary structure spectra are the same for most proteins. Knowledge of these three component spectra would allow for finding the percentage of the secondary structures in a protein by the least-squares fitting of its Raman spectrum with those three. The pure secondary spectra are not observable experimentally since no protein consists of 100 % of particular secondary structure. To tackle this difficulty we attempted to extract the latent pure component spectra using the Bayesian curve resolution approach. Experimental Part. Amyloid fibrils are the specific form of protein composed of the highly ordered β-sheet core surrounded by random coil part. The contribution of the third component, i.e. α-helix is negligible and can be disregarded. Figure 1 shows the structure of amyloid fibrils. Random coil parts are exposed to water while β-sheet of fibrils is knows to be buried and inaccessible to the aqueous solution. If one replaces water by deuterium water H-s of the random coil will be substituted by D-s resulting in down-shift of all Raman bands involving N-H vibrations. The N-H vibration bands of buried β-sheet will not affected by deuterium exchange and therefore will retain their positions. This allows separating β-sheet and random coil structures gradually changing H2O/D2O ratio in solution. Fifty samples of fibrils were prepared starting with fibrils in 100% H2O, 98% H2O plus 2% D2O, 96% H2O plus 4% D2O, .... and 100% D2O to acquire 50 Raman spectra. Spectra of H20, D20, 50/50 (H2O + D2O) mixtures were recorded separately. Figure 1. Structure of amyloid fibrils. Core β-sheet is shown with saw-shaped purple lines Theoretical Part. The chosen experimental procedure permitted the prediction of the contribution of species contributing to spectra of fibril. (a) Anticipating H2O, D2O, HOD contributions in each sample. H-s and D-s from H2O and D2O molecules readily interchange to form mixed HOD molecules. If the total fraction of protons in the H2O-D2O is q then the probabilities of forming H2O, D2O, HOD are as follows: Probability Possible Combinations Statistical Weight P(H2O |q, I) ~ q H-O-H 1 P(D2O |q, I)~ (1-q) D-O-D 1 P(DOH | q,I)~ 2*(1-q)*q D-O-H, H-O-D 2 Simulated concentration fractions of H2O, D2O, HOD versus the fraction of added D2O are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Anticipated concentrations of all specie all components. (b) Anticipating random coil(H) and random coil(D) contributions in each sample. Fractions of N-H bonds and N-H bonds in the random coil part are proportion to the total concentration of H-s and D-s, respectively, i.e. they follow linearly the fraction of added D2O (Figure 2). (c) Anticipating contribution of the other components. Each fibril sample was prepared from the same stock fibril material. This implies that the fraction of the β-sheet core with respect to the random coil part is constant across all samples, i.e. Frac(β-sheet) /(Frac(coil(H))+Frac(coil(D))) ~const All spectra exhibit the admixture of quartz signal (spectra were recorded in a quartz tube) and atmospheric oxygen. Both fractions are random (Figure 2). 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 H20 D20 H0D random part H random part D Fibril core Fraction of D20, % Quartz and Oxygen Table 1 below summarizes available prior information about all the components Table 1. Prior information on the spectra and concentrations of components. Pure component Spectrum Concentration profile H20 Known Shape is known H0D Known Shape is known D20 Known Shape is known Unordered part, H substituted Unknown Shape is known Unordered part, H substituted Unknown Shape is known Fibril core Unknown Shape is known Quartz Known Small random contribution Oxygen (molecular) Known Small random contribution Bayesian Approach. The source separation problem is as follows Data=C· S+E (1) Where C is the concentration matrix, S is the matrix of pure component spectra and E is error where random or systematic. The matrix Data is known while the matrices C and S are to be estimated. The Bayes theorem for problem (1) is written as I) | P(S I) | P(C I) S, C, | (Data P ~ ) I Data, | S P(C,   (2) where P (Data | C,S, I) is the likelihood controlling the quality of fitting and P(S | I) and P(C | I) are prior probabilities for spectra and concentrations. Because finding either matrix C or S alone is enough for solving problem (1) the concentration matrix C is normally sought since it contains by far fewer elements. It was shown[1] that in the case of uniform prior for concentration matrix and independent sources the probability of the concentration matrix is given by        l l l i k ik i s p S C Data ds I Data C P ) ( ) ( ~ ) , | (  (3) which in the case of noise-free data reduces to the logarithmic probability    l l l s p W I Data C P )) ( log( )) log(det( ) , | ( (4) where W is the separation matrix such that Data W S   . Incorporating prior information about the C matrix. The actual concentration matrix should have columns proportional to the columns of the matrix sketched in Figure 2. Eight hyper-parameters αi then need to be estimated so that Cj = αi·Tij with j=1:8 and T is the template matrix shown in Figure 1. The parameters αi account for the spectral fraction of each component in the mixtures (they are proportional but not equal to the physical concentrations and therefore must be found). For example, e.g. α1 / α6 gives the spectral fraction of fibril core with respect to that of water and is proportional to the concentration of protein in samples. The concentration of protein is assumed to be equal in all samples since they were prepared based on the same stock solution. As seen from Figure 2, contributions of quartz and oxygen are random and to be rigorous, 50 additional parameters need to be assigned for fraction of quartz in each sample and another 50 for oxygen. These are the nuisance parameters in the model. At this stage, however, we assume constant but unknown fractions of quartz and oxygen in each. After all relevant parameters are found matrix least-squares will refine those small quartz and oxygen contribution in each sample. The posterior for the concentration matrix then takes the form ||} ) ( log{|| 2 )) ( log( )) log(det( ) , | (          T C n m s p W I Data C P l l l (5) where α is diagonal matrix with parameters αi on its diagonal and || || stands for Frobenius norm, m is a number of experimental (m=50) spectra and n is a number of pure components (n=8). Incorporating prior information about the S matrix. In our model we have 5 pure spectra known from the experiment. It is straightforward to assign inner product of the known spectrum and the resolved spectrum for known components as their prior probabilities. Indeed, inner product equals 1 if spectra completely overlap and 0 if they have no overlapping regions. For the other three spectra P(sij) was set proportional to the reciprocal of sij. P(sij)~1/sij. The total posterior probability then transforms into (6) As seen from (6) assumption P(sij)~1/sij for unknown spectra resulted in addition of known as a sparsity constraint. It controls the area of resolved spectra and eliminates extraneous bands appearing as admixtures from the other spectra. It turned out in the course of optimization that resolved spectra had characteristic bands whose shapes were close to what we expected for these components. The space in between those bands contained admixtures from other components and /or noise. Alternatively, the characteristic bands in the sought spectra were obtained using pure variable approach[2]. The latter analyzes second derivative or fourth derivative spectra where even very overlapping bands are seen as distinct sharp peaks. The purest variable is such a wavenumber at which the contribution of an individual component to the Raman intensity is maximal while the contributions from the other components are minimal. For a Raman spectrum of each sample, the intensity at a particular purest variable is approximated to be proportional to the concentration of a corresponding individual component in the sample. Consequently, the matrix of the Raman intensities at all purest variables Cint can be used as a concentration matrix C of the components. The shapes of spectral band in normal (not second derivative) space are then found as S = Data T Cint ( CintCint ) (7) Knowledge of characteristic bands allows modeling the unknown spectrum as a linear combination of the non-overlapping bands which are referred to as a dictionary bands[3].               m


Analytical expressions of equivalent noise figure and other noise characteristics of distributed fiber Raman amplifier (DFRA) are derived, for the first time to the knowledge of the authors, including difference in polarization state and attenuation coefficients between pump and signal light(s) as well as multiple-wavelength pumping. Accordingly, their impact on DFRA performance and optical signal-to-noise ratio improvement ((Delta) OSNR) of a cascaded DFRA+EDFA is investigated. With increasing DFRA on-off gain, (Delta) OSNR increases first linearly and then logarithmically, leading to saturation. Results of this work agree well with existing work. Based on these results, some guidelines on DFRA design is proposed.


Chitinase is used widely very much,this paper introduces the substrate of chitinase,chitin and its distribution and source,describes the microbial chitinase detailes on its classifications,synthesis conditions,Applications,advances and prospects.


The initial Lozere Sand deposits around Paris were laid down on a vast north sloping plain; the exact date of deposition is uncertain. Subsidence of the Sologne area may have interrupted the transfer of centrally located material and existing deposits were subject to strong weathering. In the Middle Pliocene, eustatic variations and subsidence of the Basse-Seine region favoured reworking of the upstream deposits and the deposition of Lozere Sands in the Normandy region. Valley incision, initiated in the Upper Pliocene, stimulated karstification and silicification of the thin, poorly consolidated Beauce Limestone. Finally, uplift of the Orleans Forest activated the upstream plain area followed by dissection by tributaries of the Seine River. The study demonstrates the major role played by tectonics in the successive deposition and reworking of these deposits.


This paper reflects about the abortion regulation models in the world, the debate about legalframework's modification in Peru, the international standards on the use of constitutional processfor access to the abortion services in certain conditions allowed by the national laws, and itoutlines ideas about the possibilities of expanding the allowed causals by the constitutionalprocess.


[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum culture condition for culturing Tremella aurantialba mycelia by liquid-submerged fermentation and the extraction technology of its polysaccharide.[Method] The optimum culture condition for culturing T.aurantialba mycelia by liquid-submerged fermentation was ascertained through screening media and optimizing culture condition and the extraction effects of alkali extraction method and hot water soaking method on T.aurantialba polysaccharide were studied through comparison and analysis.[Result] When the corn powder,bran and sweet potato powder were used as carbon sources,the yields of T.aurantialba mycelia were 19.1,13.2 and 10.9 g/L resp.When the addition amounts of corn powder were 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%,the yields of T.aurantialba mycelia were 8.6,17.1,19.5,15.4 and 7.2 g/L resp.When the peptone,yeast paste,urea and ammonium sulfate were used as nitrogen sources,the yields of T.aurantialba mycelia were 18.9,10.3,6.7 and 5.2 g/L resp.When the addition amounts of peptone were 0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8% and 1.0%,the yields of T.aurantialba mycelia were 10.1,15.7,23.0,20.3 and 18.7 g/L resp.The yields of crude polysaccharides and polysaccharide extracted by alkali extraction method were increased by 6.9% and 36.4% resp.in comparison with hot water soaking method.[Conclusion] This experiment supplied technical support for the production of T.aurantialba mycelia and the extraction of its polysaccharide.


Incorporating the valuation of residual emissions into calculations of social cost permits comparisons among alternative sources of electricity generation inclusive of environmental impacts. Such a technique has been adopted for electricity planning in several states and is proposed in others. This paper describes this method, answers some criticisms, and discusses quantitative impacts.


There are numerous applications for micromirror arrays seen in our everyday lives. From flat screen televisions and computer monitors, found in nearly every home and office, to advanced military weapon systems and space vehicles, each application bringing with it a unique set of requirements. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry has researched many ways micromirror actuation can be accomplished and the different constraints on performance each design brings with it. This paper investigates a new "zipper" approach to electrostatically driven micromirrors with the intent of improving duel plane beam steering by coupling large deflection angles, over 30°, and a fast switching speed. To accomplish this, an extreme initial deflection is needed which can be reached using high stress bimorph beams. Currently this requires long beams and high voltage for the electrostatic pull in or slower electrothermal switching. The idea for this "zipper" approach is to stack multiple beams of a much shorter length and allow for the deflection of each beam to be added together in order to reach the required initial deflection height. This design requires much less pull-in voltage because the pull-in of one short beam will in turn reduce the height of the all subsequent beams, making it much easier to actuate. Using modeling and simulation software to characterize operations characteristics, different bimorph cantilever beam configurations are explored in order to optimize the design. These simulations show that this new "zipper" approach increases initial deflection as additional beams are added to the assembly without increasing the actuation voltage.


The knowledge reasoning can be used by the inference engine to acquire the implicit knowledge in supply chain,. The reasoning based on the ontology semantic can be directly used the rules and axiom. Four kinds of semantic relations are studied in this paper. Then the Tool of establish reasoning rules is introduced.


The Salesian Polytechnic University conjunction with the Laboratory Quality Milk, conducted the project with the inter-institutional cooperation to develop programs to support production processes and quality control of milk through research, technology transfer and training with the gathering "PROGRESS" of Cariacu subsequently documenting all processes milk analysis, records training and others have been lost through the passage of time, for reasons such as not having the culture of archive logs and change of leadership within the Association, hence the need for systematization and analysis of the process of managing the quality of milk. Where 4 samples were taken in the span of two years, where the compositional quality was obtained excellent results, 100% of producers comply with the provisions of INEN standard and poor quality in health outcomes, although the laboratory milk quality made techniques to help you perform the best practices milking talks, not the expected results were obtained.


This paper presents a novel social media summarization framework. Summarizing media created and shared in large scale online social networks unfolds challenging research problems. The networks exhibit heterogeneous social interactions and temporal dynamics. Our proposed framework relies on the co-presence of multiple important facets: who (users), what (concepts and media), how (actions) and when (time). First, we impose a syntactic structure of the social activity (relating users, media and concepts via specific actions) in our temporal multi-graph mining algorithm. Second, important activities along each facet are extracted as activity themes over time. Experiments on Flickr datasets demonstrate that our technique captures nontrivial evolution of media use in social networks.


ABSTRACT In this study, the authors explore the beliefs and attitudes regarding what constitutes "excellent supervision" from the perspectives of frontline workers and supervisors employed by one voluntary services organization in Northern Ireland. Several themes emerged from focus group narratives, regardless of participants' agency position, and a concept map provides an understanding of the relationships of the identified themes. This study reflects the important role of organizational context and culture in relation to staff's ability to provide excellent supervision, as well as in sustaining organizational change efforts regardless of organizational setting. The potential of peer and/or group supervision to address improving staff support with limited resources is also suggested.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) as mobile wireless networks are challenging environments as there is no centralized packet routing mechanism. Packet delivery is normally multi-hop and may encounter out-of-range intermediate network nodes on the routing path. There may be problems of energy consumption in MANETs and of constrained routing paths in VANETs. Consequently, introducing real-time video streaming into these environments is problematic. Peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming from multiple sources is a way of strengthening video streaming in these circumstances. In this chapter, P2P streaming is combined with various video error resilience mechanisms that mostly take advantage of the multiple paths available in such networks. As video streams are sensitive to errors the impact of wireless channel errors should be assessed and, for VANETs, realistic mobility models should be modeled, especially in urban settings. The chapter looks in detail at how video source coding can assist in the protection of video streams, in that respect comparing various forms of multiple description coding.