The multidrug resistance transporter proteins are expressed in normal cells and show the characteristic of mutidrug resistance. Cytoprotection is defined as ability of protecting itselves under adverse conditions. In addition to the increase of the advantage of protection in cells, reducing disadvantage is also an effective way to protect the cells, and multidrug resistance plays an important role in the progress. ABC(ATP-binding cassette) transporter proteins cause the multidrug resistance, exist in a wide range of expression in normal cells, especially in the excretion organs such as liver, kidney, intestines and so on, showing that they play an important role as a barrier to prevent the infiltration and elimination of the drug. P-glycoprotein is a member of ABC transporter protein superfamily, and multidrug resistance associated proteins(MRP)1,2,3,6 are expressed mostly in the liver. This review mainly discuss the relationship between the multidrug resistance and cytoprotection by analyzing related fields, especially in the liver, consequently provide a new idea for diseases prevention and treatment.


Delivery of goods will normally be conducted in accordance with the queuing time of booking. Sometimes, it is inefficient and results in a delay on the delivery of goods. Therefore, to make a better scheduling system, the Shortest Job First and Round Robin algorithms been implemented. From the results of experiments, Shortest Job First and Round Robin algorithms successfully applied to the scheduling delivery application. Shortest Job First algorithm is better than Round Robin scheduling in the case of delivery of goods, because the algorithm execution process which takes small time will be moved before the process which takes much time, so it needs smaller time than using Round Robin algorithm


In higher vocational colleges,the students who obtain the national grants are poor students.Their psychological characteristics are worthy of our study.The authors study their self-efficacy and achievement motive,and put forward suggestions according to the results of this study.This study can help educators know the impoverished students more meticulous and more comprehensive,and a certain extent guide the impoverished students' aiding work.


The exclusive(integral) sum numbere(G)(ζ'(G))of G is the smallest number of isolated vertices which when added to G result in an exclusive(integral) sum graph.This paper gives a definition of ladder,and has proved the exclusive sum number of ladder is 3 for all n≥1.


Acne vulgaris (AV) is a complex and multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the pilosebaceous follicles. Optimum treatment of AV is important to reduce the disease severity and recurrence.


Super luminescent diodes (SLDs), which emit lowcoherent light, are used in optical measurement systems, such as fiber gyroscopes [1] and optical time domain reflectometers (OTDRs) [2]. Recently, they have become crucial elements for biophotonic imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT)* [3]-[5]. OCT is already being put to practical use in retinal examination equipment, which uses a 0.83-μm SLD as a light source [3]. However, there are still demands to extend the capabilities of OCT. For instance, integrating OCT with endoscopes would make it possible not only to observe the outer layers of internal organs but also to obtain information about their inner structures [5], which would be helpful in the early detection and treatment of cancer. These applications require SLDs that emit light with a wavelength of 1.3 μm [5]. In this region, water and hemoglobin (the constituents of living tissue that absorb the most light) both exhibit little light absorption and the light is less susceptible to scattering, so living tissue exhibits the greatest transparency at this wavelength. Consequently, the light can penetrate deep into the body from the surface of the skin, allowing deep tomographic imaging. These applications also require an SLD with higher power and larger bandwidth than conventional ones [6]. For in-vivo OCT imaging, the information-bearing signals tend to be weak and obscured by noise. Accordingly, there has been a growing need for a high-output light source that can be used to obtain highly precise data signals from living subjects. The bandwidth of light emitted from the light source has a large effect on the resolution of OCT images. A broader bandwidth increases the resolution, resulting in images with greater detail and allowing finer tissue structures to be observed. In this paper, we present 1.3-μm SLDs with a chip output power above 50 mW and a large bandwidth of more than 50 nm. A novel structure reduced spectrum ripple to less than 0.4 dB even above 50 mW. An SLD module exhibited a high coupling efficiency of more than 70% and a high power of more than 30 mW in a single-mode fiber. The cavity length dependence of the power and bandwidth are also discussed.


In this paper, a novel optimal 3-DoF micro-conveyor based on electromagnetic digital actuators array is proposed. The micro-conveyor consists of four electromagnetic digital actuators. Two specific control strategies have been built to realize the 3-DoF planner conveyance task. A static analytical model and a dynamic semi-analytical model based on the principle have been built for the optimal design, analysis, and necessary calculation of a prototype. The prototype was manufactured by micro-fabrication technology and several experiments were carried out. The experimental results are in good agreement with the modeling results. Benefited from the optimal design and high fabrication precision, the proposed micro-conveyor is proved to be better in magnetic homogeneity of elementary actuators, output stability, long range conveyance linearity, and have one more DoF (planar rotation) compared to the previous work.


Embodiment of the present invention provide a signal processing apparatus and method, a display system, relates to the field of display technology, it is possible to pressure deform the remote controller, a remote control signal transmitted to the display device for image display. The signal processing device includes a signal transmitting means; the signal transmitting means comprises a first receiving means for receiving user input warping operation, wherein the signal transmitting means is deformed in the deformation operation, generating deformation; signal generating means for generating a control signal based on the variable shape; and a signal transmitting unit for transmitting a control signal to the signal receiving apparatus.


Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-2274 / The Use of Colour Doppler Ultrasound, Contrast - Enhanced Ultrasound and Tissue Elastography as Adjuvants for Patient Selection for Testis Sparing Surgery for Focal Testicular Lesions" by: "D. Y. Huang, E. Konstantatou, R. Eckersley, C. Shah, C. J. Wilkins , M. Sellars, P. Sidhu; London/UK"


To solve the problems like bad sealing and heat holding,severe air leakage and heat dissipation,high energy consumption and environment pollution of oil smoke with mesh-belt controlled atmosphere continuous furnace,some measures were adopted based on green design and manufacture concepts.The improved furnace has good application effects in production practices.


IN recent years interest has been growing in methods of introducing automation to the examination and classification of cervical smears. The background to this interest is of course, the increasing demand for regular screening of the entire female population for cervical cancer. What focuses the interest on automatic scanning devices is the shortage of trained personnel to do the screening. Consequently the role usually envisaged for a scanning intrument is that of separating the vast number of normal smears from those with abnormal characteristics. These abnormal smears would then be examined and classified by the cytologist. However, there is a second role which a precision scanning intrument, making quantitative measurements, can fulfil. It arises from the spectrum of cellular changes which separate the obviously normal cell from the frankly malignant cell. In this region the subjective criteria used by the cytologist are difficult to apply, and the final classification of the smear becomes almost a matter of opinion. There is a need, therefore, for a scanning instrument to explore this region and establish quantitative criteria to distinguish between the various benign and malignant cellular changes. Such an instrument could then be used by the cytologist as an aid in classifying difficult smears. Research is being done at Strathclyde University, in collaboration with the Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital, into the problems of instrument scanning of cervical cells. The object of this work is to find quantitative criteria to


This experiment examined the relationships between working memory and two measures of achievement, namely expressive vocabulary and arithmetical reasoning, in children with and without intellectual disabilities (ID). For 11- to 12-year-old children with intellectual disabilities, memory measures tapping the central executive were the most important predictors of both expressive vocabulary and arithmetical reasoning, with phonological memory making a small additional contribution to expressive vocabulary. For mainstream 11- to 12-year-old children, phonological memory was the best predictor of expressive vocabulary, whereas, arithmetical reasoning ability was predicted by visual memory and to a lesser extent phonological memory. The third group of children, 7- to 8-year-old mainstream children, had been matched for mental age with the intellectual disability group. For these children the most important predictor of expressive vocabulary was phonological memory, with a small additional contribution from visual memory. Arithmetical reasoning was best predicted by memory measures tapping the central executive with an additional contribution from phonological memory. These results suggest that different working memory resources are used by children of varying ages and ability levels to carry out at least some cognitive tasks.


Have you ever spied on a treefrog? These nocturnal creatures can be hard to observe, cloaking their lives in mystery. They hatch as legless swimmers but quickly transform into adults with camouflaged skin for daytime hiding and sticky toepads for hunting in tree branches by night. Yet even the most secretive, high-climbing treefrog cannot escape from pollution, new enemies, and habitat loss. Scientists want to know how treefrogs are coping with these threats, so we spy on them in a clever way: we hang small plastic pipes from trees, which mimic the dark cavities where treefrogs love to rest. Since 2011, we have counted treefrogs inside thousands of pipes, yet with so many mysteries, our work will continue for years. One pipe at a time, treefrogs are sharing their secrets about which threats harm them most, helping us better protect and manage the beautiful trees and waters they call home.


The complexity of power systems is rising, determining the limits of power flow and stability characteristics of a power system has become a significant concern. The behavior of an electrical power system under a sudden or sequence of disturbances when it is functioning in steady state is defined as power system stability .In this paper the effects of connecting Al-Khaleej Power plant into the Libyan national grid is investigated to determine the maximum power flow capability of the network for delivering power from the eastern side (Where power production is in abundance) to the western side (Where power demand is at its highest) and the transient stability is also performed on large-disturbance rotor angle, real power, voltage and frequency of the production units in Zwetina Power Plant.. The grid parameters evolution in time following a large disturbance is analyzed in brief. The Egyptian and Tunisian connection sides are not analyzed in this paper. Whereas load flow calculations and dynamic simulations are done. The load flow results show that maximum power transfer is achieved between both sides of the network when the two generating units were introduced to the active grid, followed by the introduction of one generating unit and lastly, the absence of the power plant provided the least maximum power transfer capability to the system. The Power system stability is analyzed in Zwetina Power plant and in 3 areas in the grid from each primary area: The western area, the eastern are and the southern area. Brega, Khoms switching & El Fjij were chosen respectively to be investigated in this study. Transient stability is maintained in the simulated scenarios and stability is more tuned and contains more timed oscillations in the case of the presence of both generating units in comparison to the model where the generating units were out of the network.


Based on the flood damage treatment engineering project at Shandong section of Chongqing of national trunk highway No.319, this paper studied different treatment techniques of new-old basement conjunction problem, observed and analysed their subsidence, soil pressure and horizontal movement, and compared their effect, in order to provide technical help for such project.


Gallium nitride (GaN) based power devices are becoming common place due to their ability to achieve higher efficiencies and higher switching frequencies than is possible with silicon (Si) power MOSFETs. With discrete eGaN® FETs capable of switching at slew rates beyond 40V/ns, the system performance is greatly impacted by aspects outside the power devices, such as high speed gate drivers and printed circuit board (PCB) layout. In this paper, these limitations are identified and discussed while demonstrating the ability of new family of high frequency enhancement mode gallium nitride power transistors. These devices were designed to address high-frequency hard-switching power applications not practical with Si MOSFETs, thus enabling applications requiring high-frequency at higher voltages. As demonstrator a 42 V, 10 MHz, 40 W buck converter suitable for envelope tracking is presented showing a peak efficiency of over 89%.


The retention of high concentrations of urea in the tissues of marine elasmobranchs is the key to their osmoregulation strategy. During environmental dilution, changes in the mechanisms of retention in the kidney result in the reduction of urea concentrations in the body fluids. In the kidney of the little skate, Raja erinacea, the cDNA of a renal urea transporter (UT) was isolated, with high homology to that of the shark kidney UT (SkUT). This UT was down regulated during environmental dilution, indicating its importance in the ability of the renal tubule to reabsorb urea. Facilitated urea transport was characterized also in brush-border membrane vesicles of renal tubules from the dorsal and ventral sections of the kidney. Although facilitated transport was demonstrated in vesicles from both kidney sections, there were significant differences in inhibitor, analogue and ion responses. These findings provide evidence for the role of facilitated urea transporters in urea retention by the skate kidney.


Optical waveguide structures have great advantages over bulk crystals, such as optical confinement, compactness and device integration capability. Recently, chromium-doped Y3Al5O12 (Cr4+:YAG), Gd3Ga5O12 (Cr4+:GGG) crystals have attracted much attention as a solid-state waveguide tunable laser at 1.35 μm - 1.45 μm and a saturable absorber around 1.0 μm. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique is quite suitable for fabrication of the Cr4+:YAG, Cr4+:GGG thin films, because we can easily control the valence state of the Cr ion in the Cr4+:YAG, Cr4+:GGG thin films. In this study, we have fabricated high optical quality Cr4+:YAG and Cr4+:GGG thin films.


An analytical model of the thermal field for one scan line during SLS is developed. Quantitative relation ships between net heat input and beam velocity are stated for sintering at a given distance from the center of the beam and for the case of maximum surface temperature. For the maximum surface temperature, two extreme cases have been analyzed: pure conduction heat transport, and highly convective molten consoli dation. It is suggested that a highly convective process allows significantly higher net heat input than pure conduction. It is found that for certain conditions, the relationship between net heat input and beam velocity is independent of the thermal conductivity of the material.


Terahertz devices have an urgent need for thin-film attenuation materials. In this paper, a novel HfC thin film attenuation material was prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The test shows that the thickness of the HfC film prepared by pulsed laser deposition method can be arbitrarily adjusted in the range of $\boldsymbol{0.39}\sim \boldsymbol{1.07}\mu\mathbf{m}$, the film is firmly combined with the oxygen-free copper matrix, and there is no shedding after withstanding the impact of high temperature, and the $\mathbf{S}_{21} < -3\mathbf{dB}$ in the range of 214∼224GBz has good absorption performance and can better meet the requirements of terahertz devices.


Terrorism is generally understood to be the use of threat or extra normal violence to gain ideological reasons and personal benefit. In this paper, a mathematical modelling of terrorism with military strategies and rehabilitation of terrorists was constructed. The model is developed to control the spread of terrorist ideologies in the society and suitable to describe terrorist group. The population is divided into six compartments: $S(t)$, $I(t)$, $T(t)$, $T_L(t)$, $T_S(t)$ and $Q_T(t)$. Furthermore, the basic reproduction number, $R_0$ is also calculated if $R_0 1$ means the number of terrorists are high where the terrorist are endemic to the population. The result of the sensitivity analysis shows that the most sensitive parameters is the recruitment pool of the terrorist from susceptible to moderate $(beta_{1})$ and terrorist move to detention facilities due to counter-terrorist activities $(b)$. The least parameter is the probability at which terrorist become militancy leaders $(kalpha)$. $(beta_{1})$ and $(b)$ are parameters counter terrorist need to be target. The finding shows that the military/dialogue strategies are to be used while military strategies alone should not be used if the number of terrorists is below a certain reproduction number


Satisfaction is a very important factor in improving productivity and performance in the work environment. This study aims to investigate the levels of occupants' satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the governmental buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to investigate the impact of occupants' demographics and building attributes (non-IEQ factors) on these levels. For these purposes, the study used a questionnaire that has 17 indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors in addition to a group of non-IEQ factors. The questionnaire was distributed by hand or using email to 279 employees in the Bahraini governmental sector. The findings of the study revealed that occupants in the Bahraini governmental buildings are not strongly satisfied with IEQ factors, especially with sound privacy, followed by visual privacy and amount of space, and then noise levels. The findings also showed that for most IEQ factors, men are more satisfied than women are, those who work in enclosed private offices are more satisfied than those who work in open-plan offices, and those who have central air-conditioning at their workplace are more than those who have a wall-mounted air conditioner. The impact of age, nature of work, duration of working in the current building and at the current workstation, weekly working hours, and proximity to the window were also investigated. Accordingly, a group of recommendations was suggested aiming to improve the levels of occupants' satisfaction.


Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key antioxidative enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 to H2O and O2 in plants. In rice, APX gene family is composed of eight genes, including two in the cytoplasm (OsAPX1and OsAPX2), two in the peroxisome (OsAPX3 and OsAPX4), and four in the chloroplast (OsAPX5, OsAPX6, OsAPX7 and OsAPX8), and yet their gene regulation and functions remain mostly uncharacterized. In order to understand their responses to environmental stresses, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was conducted. The results showed that most OsAPX genes were induced by NaCl, dehydration, heavy metal, and plant hormones. Analysis of the gene expression patterns of the OsAPX genes at different developmental stages indicated that OsAPX2, OsAPX3, and OsAPX8 accumulated abundant transcripts in leaf tissues at the vegetative stage. In contrast, transcripts of OsAPX1, OsAPX4, OsAPX5, OsAPX6, and OsAPX7 highly increased at the reproductive stage. In silico prediction of the 2-kb promoter region upstream of OsAPX translational start codon revealed that lots of cis-elements are related to plant hormones and abiotic stress. In order to characterize the OsAPX promoters, transcriptional start sites (TSS) of OsAPX genes were identified. In addition, 1.0 to 1.5 kb promoter region was isolated to drive GUS expression, and PAPXs/GUS transgenic rice were generated. Histochemical analysis of PAPXs/GUS plants was conducted. High activity levels of OsAPX1, OsAPX4, OsAPX5, OsAPX7, and OsAPX8 promoters were observed in root and shoot tissue of rice seedlings, and the GUS expression driven by OsAPX2, OsAPX3 and OsAPX8 promoters was accumulated mainly in the shoot tissue of rice seedlings. Most of the PAPXs/GUS plants showed GUS activity in leaf sheath, stem, and blade, but GUS activity was not found in stem tissues of both PAPX2/GUS and PAPX6/GUS plants. Strong GUS expression driven by OsAPX1, OsAPX4, OsAPX5, OsAPX7, and OsAPX8 promoters was observed in the glumes of spikelet; meanwhile, OsAPX2, OSAPX3, and OsAPX6 promoters drove GUS expression mainly in anthers. Promoter activity in mature seeds was observed in OsAPX1, OsAPX3, OsAPX4, OsAPX5, OsAPX7, and OsAPX8 genes. In summary, the diverse expression patterns of OsAPX genes indicate that OsAPX genes are induced by different environmental stresses and developmentally regulated. The analysis of PAPXs/GUS transgenic plants further indicates that OsAPX genes have tissue- and stage- specificity. This study provides basic knowledge of the regulatory OsAPX promoters, which may contribute to further functional analysis of OsAPX genes.


Abstract Accumulation of ice particles inside the pipes of an ice slurry refrigeration system is a problem that should be avoided to ensure the efficient performance of the system. In the present research, the swirling flow of ice slurry is numerically investigated using the Eulerian-Eulerian model coupled with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The swirling flow is generated by twisted tapes inserted into a smooth pipe. The results show that by swirling the flow, the ice particle diameter may be increased up to about three times larger than the typical particle diameter used in the ice slurry, without particle accumulation. Moreover, for the swirling flow of ice slurry with the ice particle diameter of 0.3 mm, the rate of mass transfer increases 25% while the ice volume fraction at the pipe outlet decreases 30%, compared to the non-swirling flow. Based on the obtained results of swirling flow, correlations for friction factor, mean Nusselt number, and performance parameter are proposed.


Summary. TWO experiments were conducted in which first-year students were asked to read a passage of prose under different conditions, chosen to represent realistic study strategies. In the first experiment 86 students were allocated to three main conditions of reading, copying and summarising. The summarising activity, contrary to expectations, did not lead to greater recall than reading alone. The results of the second experiment, in which some of the 96 students read the material and others listened to it, indicated that the requirement to undertake recording activities has a negative effect upon learning only in circumstances whereby such a requirement imposes constraints upon learners' strategies.


We show that managerial overconfidence, which h as been foun d to i nfluence a num ber of corporate financial decisions, also affects corporate risk management. We find tha t managers i ncrease their speculative activities using derivatives following s peculative gains, while they do not reduce their speculative activities following speculative losses. This asymmetric response follows from selective selfattribution: successes tend to be attr ibuted to one's own skill, while failu res tend to be attributed to ba d luck. Thus, our results show that managerial behavioral biases can also impact corporate risk management.


This paper addresses the design, implementation and experimental performance assessment of the RF front-end of an airborne P-band ice sounding radar. The ice sounder design comprises commercial-of-the-shelf modules and newly purpose-built components at a centre frequency of 435 MHz with 20% relative bandwidth. The transmitter uses two amplifiers combined in parallel to generate more than ≫128 W peak power, with system ≫60% PAE and 47dB in-band to out-of-band signal ratio. The four channel receiver features digitally controlled variable gain to achieve more than 100dB dynamic range, 2.4dB noise figure, 160 ns receiver recovery time and −46dBc 3rd order IMD products. The system comprises also, a digital front-end, a digital signal generator, a microstrip antenna array and a control unit. All the subsystems were integrated, certified and functionally tested, and in May 2008 a successful proof-of-concept campaign was organized in Greenland. The system detected the bedrock under 3 km of ice, and internal layers were mapped up to 1.3 km.


The characteristics of cold air distribution system arc introduced briefly. Compared with general air conditioning system, it explains some special design reguirements for air conditioning, refrigerating plant, air distribution and controlling system. The result shows that the cold air distribution system has a good prospect in application.


The invention discloses a method and system for controlling a power-on and power-off test of a television. In the invention, a main control device controls the power-on and power-off state of the television to be detected; the power-on image for each time of the television to be detected is monitored by a camera; and when the image of the television generates a failure, the image with the failureis recorded and an alarm signal is sent. The embodiment of the invention can realize the full-automatic power-on and power-off test of the television and has high efficiency.


We study the process of monopole-antimonopole (hedgehog-antihedgehog) annihilation in nematic liquid crystals theoretically and experimentally. We show, using a ``mini-max'' argument, that there exists a stable scaling solution to the nematodynamic equations describing this phenomenon, and find the solution numerically. We study the process experimentally in the uniaxial nematic, 4-cyano-4'-n-pentylbiphenyl, following a pressure jump or thermal quench. We confirm, over 3 orders of magnitude in time, the scaling-solution prediction for the pair separation D. We find D\ensuremath{\propto}(${\mathit{t}}_{0}$-t${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ with \ensuremath{\alpha}=0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03.


Eight villages in Multan district were surveyed to record incidence of disease and losses of soybean (Glycine max L.) caused by root rot fungi. The root incidence ranged 10-17% and losses ranged 6.75-15.5%. The evaluation of four PGPR isolates was used in combination with organic amendment for the management of root-rot disease incidence and to reduce the population of root pathogenic fungi and to increase the yield in field. This study demonstrated effective biological control by the PGPR isolates tested, thereby indicating the possibility of application of rhizobacteria for control of soil borne diseases of soybean in Pakistan and other countries.


Titanium silicide compound was synthesized from the mixture of titanium and silicon powder with atomic ratios of 60:40 and 70:30. The powders were mixed by ball milling and pressed by different methods: by using uniaxial pressing at 64 MPa, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) at 200 MPa, hot forging (HF) at 648 MPa, and hot pressing (HP) at 24 MPa. The samples were then sintered at 1300oC or 1600oC for 2 hours soaking time in argon atmosphere. The sintered samples were subsequently characterized for phase constitution using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ti5Si3 was observed as main compound of mixtures with both ratios - 60:40 and 70:30. Archimedes' method and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to measured density and investigate the microstructure of the sintered samples. It was found that the sample prepared from the mixture with ratio 70:30 has higher density than the sample of ratio 60:40 for all applied pressures. The density of samples prepared from the mixture of 70:30 and 60:40 sintered at 1300oC are in the range of 53- 60% and 42-55%, respectively. It was found that densities of all samples sintered at 1300oC were not much different when higher forming pressure was applied by using CIP and HF. This means that pores are created during sintering. However, the microstructure of samples formed by CIP and HF showed some big pores inside the sample body while the sample formed at lower pressure by uniaxial press showed a more uniform pore size. By increasing the sintering temperature to 1600oC, the density of the uniaxial pressed sample was increased to 85%, and the pore size shrinks in comparison to the one sintered at 1300oC. Applying a lower pressure during sintering the sample at 1600oC by hot pressing, on the other hand, can produce a high density sample of 99% with a small amount of small closed pores.


Thank you for downloading the chinese novel at the turn of the century. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this the chinese novel at the turn of the century, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer. the chinese novel at the turn of the century is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the chinese novel at the turn of the century is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Published data on, and hypotheses regarding the effect of NO−3 on functioning of legume root nodules are reviewed. It is concluded that a short-term reversible effect of NO−3 may act via an increased resistance to O2 diffusion in nodules; this is coupled to decreased bacteroid respiration. For longer exposures to NO−3 nodule activity is irreversibly lost, but how this relates to carbohydrate deprivation or NO-2 accumulation is unclear. Complicating factors include denitrification reactions and the interaction of NO−2 with leghaemoglobin.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a communication method, a device and a system based on mixed reality, and solves the technical problems that the traditional trading system requires a customer to go to a trading center site in person to perform trading through equipment in a center, the operation flow is complex, the geographic position of the trading center causes traffic inconvenience, and the experience is low. The communication method based on mixed reality comprises the following steps: obtaining trading commands triggered by a user in a mixed reality condition; sending the trading commands to a trading system, so as to response the trading commands, and obtaining response data from the trading system; generating a mixed reality scene corresponding to the response data according to the response data, so as to ensure that the user performs real-time trading based on the mixed reality scene.


The 4-H Volunteer Continuing Education Academy was developed to provide 4-H club leaders a continuing education opportunity, to assist them in developing and enhancing the skills and knowledge necessary for their volunteer role, and to provide a means for 4-H livestock and horse club leaders to recertify. All participants reported satisfaction with the academy and indicated that they would attend again and would recruit other volunteers to participate. The academy can be replicated in many ways and introduced at any level to provide continuing education and volunteer support. This article describes the academy and provides information for those who may wish to implement a similar program.


The present invention relates to Antrodia antioxidase proteins and nucleic acids, comprising the amino acid sequence shown in Mn-SOD sequence identification number 1, and may be nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence. The present invention further relates to a method for producing and use the proteins and nucleic acids antioxidase camphorata.


A numerical study was performed of the transition from regular to Mach reflection of oblique twodimensional shock waves in the region of Mach number and deflection angle where both types of reflection are theoretically possible. The calculations have been carried out at the molecular level using the direct-simulation Monte Carlo method. The study confirms that this approach can provide a practical alternative to finitedifference and finite-element methods for the computation of continuum flows, especially when a dedicated minicomputer is used instead of a large machine in a general computing center. However, there are difficulties in the resolution of flow features that have characteristic dimensions that are small in comparison with those of the overall flow field, and, in the present study, these precluded definitive conclusions about the type of reflection in the dual-solution region.


[Objective]To evaluate the effect of AIDS-related health education and intervention among men who have sex with men( MSM) in Guilin City in 4 years.[Methods]The questionnaire survey and serological test were performed among some MSM in Guilin City every year.[Results]During 2010-2013,the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was respectively 72. 0%,80. 1%,82. 3%and 86. 3%,and difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). Among those who had anal sex with men in recent 6 months,the rate of condom use in the last anal sex activity was respectively 31. 4%,47. 0%,62. 0% and 90. 9%,and difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). The rate of consistent condom use during every anal sex activity was respectively15. 7%,18. 6%,36. 6% and 53. 5%,and difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). The average positive rate of HIV,HCV and syphilis antibody was 2. 57%,0. 92%and 5. 14%,respectively.[Conclusion]To carry out the AIDS-related health education and intervention constantly and effectively among MSM can improve the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge and change their sexual behaviour.


By the systematic measurement and analysis of magnetic susceptibility,Rb/Sr ratio,total Fe content(TFe),chemical index of alteration(CIA)and OSL dating data of the Jinding malan loess in the north-central Loess Plateau,and the paleoclimate change of the Jinding section during Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3are discussed.Results indicate that the general characteristics of paleoclimate change of the Jinding section during MIS3 are relatively warm and humid with the cold and warm climatefluctuation,which could include 5stages,51.6-44.9ka B.P.,a relatively week warm and humid climate interval;42.0-39.9ka B.P.,a warm and humid climate interval;37.4-27.8ka B.P.,a relatively strong warm and humid climate interval;44.9-42.0ka B.P.and 39.9-37.4ka B.P.,dry and cold climate intervals.The formation mechanism of the climate change during MIS3 in Jinding suggests that the increasing solar radiation of the northern hemisphere leads to the warming effect more directly,but the coupling mechanism by a high latitude forcing and tropic driving factors remains to be further research.


The paper defines the place assumed by the principle of reversibility within the framework of modern thin film optics. After a historical survey since the original idea of Stokes, some applications of the generalized principle in multilayer theory are presented. Attention is also paid to energetic interpretations.


The exploration of deep mineral resources is an important prerequisite for meeting the continuous demand of resources. The geophysical method is one of the most effective means of exploring the deep mineral resources with a large depth and a high resolution. Based on the study of the geological background, petrophysical properties, and aeromagnetic anomaly characteristics of the Jinchuan Cu–Ni sulfide deposit, which is famous throughout the world, this paper uses the widely used gravity, aeromagnetic, and CSAMT (controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics) methods with a complementary resolution to reveal the favorable prospecting position. In order to obtain better inversion results, the SL0 norm tight support focusing regularization inversion method is introduced to process the section gravity and aeromagnetic data of the mining area. By combining the results with CSAMT, it is found that the medium-low resistivity, high density, and the high magnetic anomaly areas near the structural belt can nicely correspond with the known ore-bearing rock masses in the mining area. At the same time, according to the geophysical exploration model and geological and physical property data, four favorable ore-forming prospect areas are delineated in the deep part of the known mining area.


FIELD: tobacco industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a sauce-dipped flavoured tobacco blend production method envisaging tobacco and jasmine flowers cutting and mixing, the produced mixture impregnation with liquid carbon dioxide with simultaneous pressure boost, depressurisation to atmosphere value with simultaneous freezing of the mixture, the carbon dioxide subliming and removal with simultaneous swelling of the mixture, the mixture spraying with a sauce and storing. EFFECT: storing duration upkeep and storage life increase.


The conception design of garment is not understood by the public because of its innovation consciousness and its non - practical idea of design. The article discusses the essential spirit, value and significance of the conception design, therefore indicates that the conception design is the motive of pushing garment design forward.


Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic infl ammatory skin disorder characterized by erythematous plaques, generally at the elbows, knees, scalp, umbilicus and lumber area. Many systemic diseases including cardiovascular disturbances have been described in psoriatic patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate QT dispersion (QTD) and corrected QT dispersion (QTcD) as a possible indicator of increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with psoriasis. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients with psoriasis and age and gender matched 20 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The severity of the disease was evaluated by the "Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)". Standard 12-lead electrocardiographs at 25 mm/s paper speed and 24-hour holter examination were performed in all subjects. QTD and QTcD were measured. QTD was defi ned as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT interval measurements and QTc was calculated according to Bazett\'s formula. Correlation analysis was performed between QTD and QTcD and PASI and duration of the disease. Results: QTD and QTcD were signifi cantly greater in psoriatic patients than controls (QTD, 67.5}17.4 vs 44.0}11.9 ms, p


Special properties of graphene conductivity from microwave to THz frequency range are the foundation of many promising applications proposed. Graphene surface conductivity characterizations at microwave and Terahertz (THz) frequencies are surveyed in this paper. Measured results using different methods and from different groups are compared with theoretical prediction. The possible reasons for the discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical results are also discussed.


This work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for Neumann boundary value problems of second order impulsive differential equations. The result is obtained by using a fixed point theorem of generalized concave operators. 34B18; 34B37


The basic role of the virtual business incubator is to enhance the performance of its clients, to accelerate their growth mostly through virtual instruments for know-how, mentoring and networking. Often enough, for members to follow the incubation program they require funding. In order for a virtual business incubator to also provide a funding solution, this article analyzes crowd-funding principles, existing systems and proposes a model for a crowd-funding platform.


© World Advertising Research Center 2009 GONE ARE THE DAYS when Henry Ford declared that customers could have their car in any colour that they wanted, as long as it was black. The 21st century consumer, used to choice in everything they buy, would ask: 'Which shade of black?' The increase in customer choice is why we need segmentation. It is the process of classifying a marketing campaign into mini-markets that behave in the same way. The process consists of four basic steps: ● Identification ● Characterisation ● Evaluation ● Selection If properly conceived, these segments will be homogenous in needs and attitudes. Customers in a segment will respond positively to the same communications strategy, marketing mix and services at the same pricing levels. That means more efficient marketing, industry structures, purchase funnel and customer satisfaction, all leading to more sales. While cluster analysis – which provides the numerical split of the segmentation – is statistical, the initial segmentation of customers is a marketing process (Figure 1). This approach is routinely used in industries such as hospitality, consumer financial services, credit cards and online retail. Waterfalls (so-called because one begins at the top of the consumer list and then tumbles down through a series of 'gates' to delve further into the customer base) and segmentations are key to direct marketing, improving responsiveness and the values of customer membership. Larger communications strategies – such as Burger King's 'Have it Your Way' ad campaign – are typically employed after the segmentations are known. Retail magnate John Wanamaker's oft-quoted gripe that half the money he spent on advertising was wasted, but he could never work out which half, holds true when buying ads for luxury items, such as yachts. Perhaps the boat builder has a print ad that is not acted upon – even if it is admired – by 90% of subscribers to Stinking Rich Quarterly. However, the 10% who do respond to the advertisement and end up spending millions on a new yacht make the company a lot of money. This means some of the dollars spent on advertising and sales efforts generate more revenue than others. In-depth data analyses are an effective way to reduce uncertainty and increase the efficiency of advertising spending. The best way to illustrate this is through a case study to examine the benefits, actions and methodology involved in market segmentation and the creation of waterfalls. This is not the story of the Model T Ford, but of Delphine, a fictional women's fashion brand.


New methods of automating design generation differ greatly from the ways AI researchers have attempted to elicitate and implement design knowledge. The latter tradition is coined by the so called 'knowledge based approaches'. A good example for floor plan design can be found in (Zandi 1992). Using iterative algorithms (e.g. artificial neural networks), this programming work can be relieved, carrying out learning of patterns. During the learning process the parameters of the iterative algorithm are gradually adjusted until a particular input produces the desired output. Advantages of this approach can be found in the non-necessity to specify the knowledge to be implemented, or how a problem is solved. On the other hand, the knowledge captured in a neural network is not explicit and therefore not explicable. For floor plan design this approach was taken by (Zandi and Koppelaar 1992). Disadvantage of both approaches is that they both are specific for the problem at hand and it is difficult to adapt them to a wide range of varying problems. Each set of expert rules is semantically bound. Each set of learned connections in a neural net is implicitly specified by its learning set. To pursue automation of design tasks in a wide range of domains, an approach of evolving software is proposed here. The software starts from a local starting point and evolves, without any precedent, to a design. In the initial application explained in this paper, design of a floor plan is studied. The software breeds from an atomic locational egg, with a seed operating upon the egg. The 'fittest' floor plan proposals in the breed—in our case, the ones which come closest to the pre-set privacy and community design goal—are allowed to 'survive', 'breed' and 'spawn' the next generation. From a starting population of one single location it takes over a number of generations to automatically design this floor plan:


Based on properties of n -subharmonic functions we show that a complete, noncompact, properly embedded hypersurface with nonnegative Ricci curvature in hyperbolic space has an asymptotic boundary at infinity of at most two points. Moreover, the presence of two points intheasymptoticboundaryisarigidityconditionthatforcesthehypersurfacetobeanequidis-tanthypersurfaceaboutageodesiclineinhyperbolicspace.Thisgivesanaffirmativeanswer tothequestionraisedbyAlexanderandCurrier(ProcSympPureMath54(3):37–44,1993).


Abstract Income inequality is a persistent topic of public and political debate. In this context, the focus often shifts from the national level to a more detailed geographical level. In particular, inequality between or within local communities can be assessed. In this article, the estimation of inequality within regions, that is, between households, is considered at a regionally disaggregated level. From a methodological point of view, a small area estimation of the Gini coefficient is carried out using an area-level model linking survey data with related administrative data. Specifically, the Fay-Herriot model is applied using a logit-transformation followed by a bias-corrected back-transformation. The uncertainty of the point estimate is assessed using a parametric bootstrap procedure to estimate the mean squared error. The validity of the methodology is shown in a model-based simulation for the point estimator as well as for the uncertainty measure. The proposed methodology is illustrated by estimating model-based Gini coefficients for spatial planning regions in Germany, using survey data from the Socio-Economic Panel and aggregate data from the 2011 Census. The results show that intra-regional inequality is more diverse than a consideration only between East and West suggests.


Effect of management system on production results and slaughter value of fatteners. The studies were conducted in the farm, possessing three management systems and production of fatteners on litter-free (SB), shallow litter (SPS) and deep litter (SGS). There were managed 200 (SB), 446 (SGS) and 883 (SGS) four-breed fatteners (Landrace × Large White) × (Duroc ×Pietrain), with the preservation of standards in respect of environmental parameters. After completion of 2-stage fattening, in which full-ration mixtures (from fattener body weight of from about 30 up to 120 kg) were employed, the animals were slaughtered. The effect of management system on growth rate and feed conversion (FCR) and slaughter value of pigs was evaluated. Daily gains for fatteners managed in SB, SPS and SGS systems were equal to 983, 971 and 845 g and FCR amounted to 2.71, 2.63 and 2.97 kg. The obtained results may be considered as very good ones. The deaths did not exceed 2% what is a good result. Meatiness of the fatteners kept in three discussed systems was higher than 58%, was very good and comparable in the groups. Qualifi cation of the carcasses to the appropriate classes in EUROP system occurred to be most favourable for SGS (93.44% carcasses in classes S-E) although in the case of SB, all carcasses were classifi ed into classes with a higher meatiness, that is, S-U. The results of fattening confi rm the advantages of fl oor management system and its main superiority as compared to the systems of deep and shallow litter, whereas the results of slaughter evaluation indicate rather certain advantages of deep litter system. It seems, however, justifi able to utilize – in practice – different solutions in respect of management of the fatteners, with the indication to litter-free system as being more favourable in respect of the obtained production results.


According to the evolution process and main views on economic theory of enterprise growth, this study concludes and evaluates the enterprise growth theory on eight respects, including classical economics, neoclassical economics, neo-institutional economics, post-Keynesism, enterprise system change theories, Penrose's enterprise growth theory, evolution economics and managers' theories, in order to supply academic references for the manage practice of Chinese enterprises. Moreover, this study holds that it is an inevitable trend to apply the new research results of natural sciences (complex science) on the evaluation of the enterprises growth process.


In this article, we describe our professional development model, Content-Based Collaborative Inquiry (CBCI). The purpose of the CBCI model is to engage educators in inquiring and constructing their own knowledge as they focus on both student understanding in specific content areas and their own learning processes. We first explain the empirical foundations of CBCI. Through 3 cases we illustrate how content knowledge is developed via collaborative inquiry, originating in teachers' classrooms, and expanding to create and sustain collaborative communities of inquiry in the multiple contexts where educators work. We conclude by discussing challenges and continuing issues for efforts to support lifelong teacher learning and educational reform.


This study aims to develop a new meaning for the concept of cultural heritage as proposed by international and national organisations. Bearing in mind UNESCO's guidelines about cultural heritage, Portugal is defining a programme of the development of tourist projects that not only protect monuments but add value to the communities inwhich they are situated. Thus the study proposes new quality products in which scientific information is present as an essential element.


Radiotherapy is a common and effective treatment for many cancers. For most cancers, however, normal tissues are inevitably co-irradiated. This may lead to severe toxicity. For tumours in e.g. the thoracic region, this limits treatment dose and efficacy. Therefore, development of particle therapy aimed at minimizing dose and volume to which the normal tissues are irradiated. Particles such as carbon ions lose most of their energy in the target volume resulting in a superior physical dose distribution compared to classically-used photons. In addition, the biological effect of particle dose differs from that of photon dose. To translate currently-applied photon therapy to equivalent particle therapy, these differences in biological effect need to be corrected for. The uncertainty in models predicting these differences is the main source of uncertainties in the prescribed dose of particle therapy [1]. The testing and development of these models requires e.g. data on the response of normal tissues to carbon ion irradiation. Therefore in the present project an established model of partial rat lung irradiation [2] was used to determine the response of the rat lung to carbon ions. The present report describes a first dose-finding study. Groups of 3 rats were irradiated on the whole lung or 50% of the lung with plateau or spread-out-Bragg peak carbon ions. As a measure of pulmonary function, respiratory rate was measured bi-weekly up to 28 weeks after irradiation. Early (4 – 12 weeks after irradiation) increases in breathing rate result predominantly from an acute inflammatory response [3]. At later time points (16 – 28 weeks after irradiation) increases are due to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. As a measure of the loss of pulmonary function the mean increase in respiratory rate in these time spans compared to the mean respiratory rate in 0 – 2 weeks is calculated. Both irradiation of the whole lung and 50% of the lung resulted in loss of pulmonary function in the early time span. Similar to observations after photon irradiation [4], this response was only followed by a fibrotic response after irradiation of 50% of the lung, where higher dose levels have been assessed Observations after irradiation of the whole lung with spread-out Bragg peak ions showed similar patterns in the overlapping dose range (figure 2). The dose range used for irradiation of 50% of the lung did not result in any significant response. Histological analysis of tissue of animals sacrificed at 8 weeks after irradiation is in progress. Based on these results more detailed dose-volumeresponse studies will be designed and performed to obtain the data required for the development of risk models for carbon ion irradiation of the lung to facilitate optimized application of carbon ions in thoracic radiotherapy.


Objective To investigate Anhui province patients with chronic urticaria in ingestion and inhalation allergen conditions respectively,in order to provide evidence for prevention and treatment.Methods Enzyme immunoassay method was used to test 1 062 patients with chronic urticaria in allergen-specific lgE antibodies.Results The testing results of 1 062 cases showed that the total of the positive reaction rates reached 48.78%(518 positive cases).Inhalation allergen positive rate was significantly higher than that of ingestion allergen group.The positive reaction rates of the mites and the house dust reached 34.56% and 10.37% respectively,which were the first and the second in the allergens tested.Conclusion Both ingestion allergens and inhalation allergens are contributing causes to chronic urticaria.The mites and the house dust were perhaps the ordinary pathogenic allergens for the patients with chronic urticaria in Anhui province.Identifying the causative factors is of instructive significance for the clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.


The composite operator T, obtained from the components of the energy-momentum tensor, enjoys a quite general characterization in two-dimensional quantum field theory also away from criticality. We use the form factor bootstrap supplemented by asymptotic conditions to determine its matrix elements in the sinh-Gordon model. The results extend to the breather sector of the sine-Gordon model and to the minimal models 2/(2N+3) perturbed by the operator 1,3.


Spindle cell tumors presenting in the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon but when they arise, arriving at the correct diagnosis is important. Performing CD117 testing is often encouraged by oncologists hoping to use specific biologic therapy (STI571) regardless of whether the patient harbors a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). In this setting, certain other tumor types lacking KIT mutations can display spurious expression that may result in diagnostic errors. Awareness of these is important. (Pathology Case Reviews 2004;9: 142–146)


Foreign Direct Investment, namely, FDI, is a very important economic development factor in a country.As Albania attempts to access the EU, it is implementing policies to be an attractive country for FDI inflows. The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants and patterns of FDI flows, the host country and the entry modes of foreign firms that have entered the Albanian Mobile Telecommunication Industry. In order to determine the main factors of FDI inflows in the telecommunications sector in Albania, FDI movements and activities of main Mobile Networks operating in the country, Vodafone Albania and Eagle Mobile, have been analysed. A general view of FDI situation in Albania, as well as advantages and disadvantages that a country faces in attracting foreign investors are described. This study offers a new perspective to the most crucial FDI determinants used in Mobile Telecommunications Industry in Albania. It benefits future research with new findings, by taking into consideration new market strategies and alternatives for entry choices.


Background. The low and moderate doses of dexmedetomidine reduce arterial pressure and heart rate (HR), suggesting attenuation of sympathetic activity and dominance of cardiac-vagal activity. These autonomic responses under dexmedetomidine sedation may attenuate cardiovascular reflex responses to temporal reduction in arterial pressure, inducing a severe hypotension. We therefore investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular reflex responses to temporal reduction in arterial pressure induced by the thigh cuff method. Methods. Twelve healthy men received placebo, low-dose (loading 3 m gk g 21 h 21 for 10 min; maintenance 0.2 m gk g 21 h 21 for 60 min), and moderate-dose (loading 6 m gk g 21 h 21 for 10 min; maintenance 0.4 m gk g 21 h 21 for 60 min) dexmedetomidine infusions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. After 70 min of drug infusion, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and HR responses after thigh cuff deflation were evaluated as indices of cardiovascular reflex. Results. Reduction in SAP (DSAP) [placebo 8 (4), low 12 (4), moderate 19 (5) mm Hg] after thigh cuff deflation was significantly greater in dexmedetomidine than placebo infusions, in a dose-dependent manner. The change in HR (DHR), DHR/DSAP, and the percentage restoration of SAP were lower with dexmedetomidine compared with placebo. Conclusions. The present results indicated that dexmedetomidine weakens arterial pressure preservation and HR responses after thigh cuff deflation, suggesting attenuated cardiovascular reflexes. Therefore, it must be cautioned that dexmedetomidine can lead to further and sustained reduction in arterial pressure during transient hypotension induced by postural changes, haemorrhage, and/or other stresses. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 561‐5


Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing ureteral disease is a rare benign disorder characterised by fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the ureter. A 70-year-old man with a single functional kidney and left flank pain was diagnosed with IgG4-related ureteral disease that presented as a unilateral ureteral mass. Left hydronephrosis and a 25 × 23 × 26 mm left midureteral mass were found. No malignancy was found on ureteroscopy and urinary cytology did not reveal any neoplastic cells. A 2 cm midureteral stenosis was found in the left ureter on retrograde pyelography. It was not a ureteral stricture but was the result of periureteral inflammation and fibrosis caused by immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease. Initial endoscopic ablation-obliteration therapy was unsuccessful, and after 6 weeks the patient was treated by robotic ureteroureterostomy. Most plasma cells in the excised ureteral segment were IgG4-positive. Serum IgG4 was 273 mg/dL (normal range: 85–120 mg/dL). The histology of the ureteral segment resembled retroperitoneal fibrosis and the histopathology of the stricture included IgG4-positive cells, fibrosis and ureteritis. The patient was treated with oral azathioprine for 6 months. No evidence of recurrence was seen on ureteroscopy or abdominopelvic computed tomography at the 3-month or 1-year follow-up.


The ESO Adaptive Optics Facility (AOF) consists in an evolution of one of the ESO VLT unit telescopes to a laser driven adaptive telescope with a deformable mirror in its optical train, in this case the secondary 1.1m mirror, and four Laser Guide Stars (LGSs). This evolution implements many challenging technologies like the Deformable Secondary Mirror (DSM) including a thin shell mirror (1.1 m diameter and 2mm thin), the high power Na lasers (20W), the low Read-Out Noise (RON) WaveFront Sensor (WFS) camera (< 1e-) and SPARTA the new generation of Real Time Computers (RTC) for adaptive control. It also faces many problematic similar to any Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and as such, will validate many technologies and solutions needed for the European ELT (E-ELT) 42m telescope. The AOF will offer a very large (7 arcmin) Field Of View (FOV) GLAO correction in J, H and K bands (GRAAL+Hawk-I), a visible integral field spectrograph with a 1 arcmin GLAO corrected FOV (GALACSI-MUSE WFM) and finally a LTAO 7.5" FOV (GALACSI-MUSE NFM). Most systems of the AOF have completed final design and are in manufacturing phase. Specific activities are linked to the modification of the 8m telescope in order to accommodate the new DSM and the 4 LGS Units assembled on its Center-Piece. A one year test period in Europe is planned to test and validate all modes and their performance followed by a commissioning phase in Paranal scheduled for 2014.


The idea of using the capabilities of artificial intelligence for the needs of the educational process is not new for modern pedagogy, but its development before the Corona time was rather fragmented. The conditions of the pandemic, self-isolation and protracted quarantine forced to look for new opportunities and forms to continue the educational process in this situation. And here the possibilities of organizing the educational process for all levels of education using artificial intelligence came to the fore. The purpose of this article is to analyze the forms of using the capabilities of artificial intelligence to organize the educational process for primary school students, that became more active because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using of unique personal teaching methods (UPTM) at schooling always considered to be a sign of identity and elitism of educational process in a particular country. UPTM, on the one hand, are more consistent with the needs of the country and society in preparing the younger generation. On the other hand, this is the possibility of a narrow specification of the educational process. In the process of writing the article, empirical and theoretical research methods were used, that is typical for scientific studies of this kind. As the result, it can be noted that the Quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic played a favorable role in expanding the range of possibilities for using artificial intelligence in the field of education, even in those areas that were traditionally considered to be unsuitable or non-effective for it due to the peculiarities of educational tasks.


Stable and conservative interface boundary conditions are developed for the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations using finite difference and finite volume methods. The finite difference ap ...


Background: Previous gene-environment interaction studies of breast cancer risk have provided sparse evidence of interactions. Using the largest available dataset to date, VC The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IEA International Epidemiological Association International Journal of Epidemiology, 2019, 1–15 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz193


Due to the inherent nature of e-commerce, customers usually have to take certain level of risks while shopping online. To deal with such risks and their associated uncertainty, most of the e-commerce websites provide product review ranking services to help customers to make purchase decisions. However, such services are typically not reliable because the ranking results are usually based on the averages of review scores given by different reviewers without considering their reliability. In this paper, we propose a formal cost-effectiveness analysis model for product evaluation in e-commerce, which takes the reliability of each review into consideration. We define four pieces of evidence, namely positive reviews, the number of positive reviews, negative reviews, and the number of negative reviews, and combine them using the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory. Based on the belief values about the product, we can calculate its effectiveness, and further derive its cost-effectiveness value by considering its minimal price. By ranking various products sold by different vendors based on their cost-effectiveness values, our approach can greatly help customers to make decisions on selecting the most cost-effective products for online purchasing. Keywords-E-commerce; product reviews; cost-effectiveness; reasoning under uncertainty; Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory.


A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to elucidate the effect of the side group (X) in Ru(H2dcbpy)(X2bpy)(NCS)2 dye on the interactions with iodide ions (I– and I3–) and iodine mole...


Basically the acquisition of moral values is seen as the regeneration of the traits of a person. It can be said that the moral values as continuity of psychological processes such as perception, attitude, and belief in oneself. On the other hand, some are saying that the acquisition of moral values as the social interaction between the individual and his environment. Current perspective is more emphasis on the role of the outside world as a factor that facilitates value system. The role of parents, teachers, community and moral value system that is maintained in an environment in which he lives is an important factors for the possession of the moral values of the individual self. In the view of philosophy, moral values are often associated with the problem of goodness. Something is said to have a moral value if something is useful, true (truth value), beautiful (aesthetic value), good (moral values), religious (religious values), and so forth. Moral values and the ideal is something that is good. Hence the value is regarded as something abstract and can not be touched by the five senses. In connection with this, the Fraenkel (in Hamid Darmadi, 2007: 27) states that this nilaimoral presence in the "people's minds" (human chimera) as well as different other. The opinion similar to the view of this Fraenkel is Rokeah, stating that moral values is something valuable that is considered valuable, fair, good and beautiful as well as to guide or handle themselves. Keyword: the role of teacher, civics, develop, moral values, democracy matter.


The influences of polystyrene aggregate content on strength,dry apparent density and thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete material,concrete block and wall were studied by test.The feasibility of improving the thermal insulation property of the concrete block by using polystyrene aggregate was inquired.


In this paper we demonstrate the power of reconfiguration by presenting efficient randomized algorithms for both packet routing and sorting on a reconfigurable mesh connected computer. The run times of these algorithms are better than the best achievable time bounds on a conventional mesh. Many variations of the reconfigurable mesh can be found in the literature. We define yet another variation which we call as Mr. We also make use of the standard PARBUS model. We show that permutation routing problem can be solved on a linear array Mr of size n in steps, whereas n-1 is the best possible run time without reconfiguration. A trivial lower bound for routing on Mr will be . On the PARBUS linear array, n is a lower bound and hence any standard n-step routing algorithm will be optimal. We also show that permutation routing on an n×n reconfigurable mesh Mr can be done in time n+o(n) using a randomized algorithm or in time 1.25n+o(n) deterministically. In contrast, 2n-2 is the diameter of a conventional mesh and hence routing and sorting will need at least 2n-2 steps on a conventional mesh. A lower bound of is in effect for routing on the 2D mesh Mr as well. On the other hand, n is a lower bound for routing on the PARBUS and our algorithms have the same time bounds on the PARBUS as well. Thus our randomized routing algorithm is optimal upto a lower order term. In addition we show that the problem of sorting can be solved in randomized time n+o(n) on Mr as well as on PARBUS. Clearly, this sorting algorithm will be optimal on the PARBUS model. The time bounds of our randomized algorithms hold with high probability.


Necrotizing tracheitis from a permanently inflated cuff during I.P.P.R. is well known to the anaesthetist. This complication may be minimized by inflating the cuff only during the inspiratory phase. Application of the principle of "lateral pressure of fluids through tubes" permits of the construction of a tube with a cuff being automatically inflated during inspiration and deflated during expiration. Figure 1 shows a cuff tube constructed according to this principle. A fenestration slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the tube is made on its surface at a distance of 5-6 cm from the tip. A very thin inelastic pliable cuff is passed over the tube with the fenestration lying inside it. A flow of gas through the tube will inflate the cuff. The pressure inside the cuff can be estimated from figures 2-4, which show the lateral pressure/flow-rate relationship in different endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes. The cuff pressure in a Rusch tube No. 8 at 5 cm from the tip (fig. 4, point A) is 2 cm H,O at a flow rate of 80 lit./min. According to MACINTOSH (1943), MUSHIN designed an endotracheal tube with a self-inflating cuff of thin rubber material (finger stall). By testing cuffs of different material (rubber, latex, plastic) in an artificial lung, I found that in order to obtain a tight endotracheal tube the cuff should be made of inelastic material (plastic) and of a diameter slightly larger than the intubated trachea. A cuff diameter of 30-35 mm is suitable for adults and one of 20-25 mm for adolescents. The cuff is being deformed during the inflation phase of I.P.P.R. as shown in figure 5 because of the pressures acting inside and outside it. The resultant of these forces changes the shape of the cuff from cylindrical at the beginning of the inflation (by broken line) to conical at the end of the inflation (c, solid line). Thus, the final contact between cuff and trachea is represented by a narrow surface still sufficient to make the endotracheal tube tight.


Solid pigment preparations comprising as essential constituents (A) 60 to 10% to 40 wt .- least one anionic surface-active additive based on acid phosphoric, phosphonic, sulfuric and / or sulfonic esters of polyalkylene oxides or of reaction products of alkylene oxides with aliphatic alcohols, phenol, or naphthol, which in each case may optionally be alkyl-substituted, with aliphatic or aromatic amines, aliphatic carboxylic acids or carboxamides or the salts of these esters, wherein the proportion of the phosphorus-containing additive in a mixture of phosphorus- and sulfur-containing additives wt .-% is at least 50, and (C) 0 to <30 wt .-% of at least one nonionic surface-active additive based on polyethers, with the proviso that component (B) is a phosphoric and / or phosphonic acid esters, when the proportion of component (C) 0 wt .-% by weight, and methods for their preparation and for coloration of macromolecular organic and inorganic materials.


Abstract : An air-interface architecture to ensure reliable signal acquisition and synchronisation for a narrowband networking waveform is presented. Simulation results show that a relatively simple preamble design can be used to ensure sufficiently reliable estimates of the unknown physical layer synchronisation parameters i.e. phase, frequency offset and timing errors. Results are presented comparing the error variance of the synchronisation parameters with the lower bounds for an unbiased estimator. The results enable system designers to select the operating noise tolerances for a given radio and modify the preamble architecture accordingly.


The author analyses the attractiveness of the investment climate in Russian hotel industry, evaluates several regions by the factors of institutional attractiveness and the levels of tourism development


The dielectric and structural properties of an amorphous SiO2 nanopowder have been characterized in the framework of Bergman's spectral representation. The methodology used in this paper is based on the acquisition of reflectivity spectra from a set of nanopowder pellets with different levels of porosity and the measurement of the transmittance spectra of KBr pellets containing low levels of silica nanoparticles. The fit of the spectra was performed with a dielectric function model through the solution of a nonlinear optimization problem including all the experimental data. In addition to the optical properties, the complete analysis also provided an accurate estimate of the total porosity of pellets and evaluated the percolation of the silica agglomerates in the porous matrix. A comparison with the predictions obtained by other mixing formulas clearly demonstrates that Bergman's theory is the most appropriate for treating this type of powder.The dielectric and structural properties of an amorphous SiO2 nanopowder have been characterized in the framework of Bergman's spectral representation. The methodology used in this paper is based on the acquisition of reflectivity spectra from a set of nanopowder pellets with different levels of porosity and the measurement of the transmittance spectra of KBr pellets containing low levels of silica nanoparticles. The fit of the spectra was performed with a dielectric function model through the solution of a nonlinear optimization problem including all the experimental data. In addition to the optical properties, the complete analysis also provided an accurate estimate of the total porosity of pellets and evaluated the percolation of the silica agglomerates in the porous matrix. A comparison with the predictions obtained by other mixing formulas clearly demonstrates that Bergman's theory is the most appropriate for treating this type of powder.


QUANTITATIVE data on brain metabolism obtained by the aid of radioactive labels is beset by difficulties arising from the morphological and functional heterogeneity of brain tissue. Some authors have connected the marked differences observed in the phospholipid turnover rate with peculiarities of the localization of these substances within the structural elements of the brain (DAVISON and DOBBING, 1960; FREYSZ, BIETH and MANDEL, 1965; etc.). The data in the literature are often difficult to compare because of the variety of methods and calculations used, as for example in the papersby HARTH, BORKOWSKI, MARDELL and MANDEL (1962) and ABDEL-LATIF and ABOOD (1965). In the present investigation the rate of 32P incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was studied. These two phospholipids account for 50-60 per cent of all the brain phospholipids (DAWSON, HEMINGTON and DAVENPORT, 1962; KREPS, MANUKIAN, PATRIKEEVA, SMIRNOV, CHENYKAEVA and CHIRKOVSKAYA, 1964). We isolated phosphatidylcholine and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides from whole brain and from different areas and microstructures of the adult rat brain; the phosphorus turnover rates in these substances were also determined in brains from rats of different ages. The ethanolamine phosphoglyceride fraction was analysed after separation into plasmalogen (EP) and diacylic (PE) forms. Recently the attention of many authors has been directed to the plasmalogen phospholipids. These are specially abundant in the nervous system, accounting for about 10 per cent of the total phospholipids and about 50 per cent of ethanolamine phospholipids (DEBUCH, 1964). The chief plasmalogen is ethanolamine plasmalogen (EP) which has been found in all the subcellular fractions of the brain (EICHBERG, WHITTAKER and DAWSON, 1964). In the cerebral white matter, spinal cord and peripheral nerve 87-99 per cent of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was found to be in the plasmalogen form (WEBSTER, 1960). The plasmalogen content of brain changes with age and is maximal during the period of most intensive myelination (KOREY and ORCHEN, 1959; BIETH, FREYSZ and MANDEL, 1961). According to PATRIKEEVA (1965) an increase with age of brain mitochondria1 plasmalogens of chick embryo is accompanied by a decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).


Antarctic phocid seals and particularly the crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus) have been observed to display a diurnal cycle in their propensity to haul out on pack ice where they are visible for census. The fact that they are not visible for much of the 24-h period means that density estimates made over broad geographic areas at various times of the day statistically confound this cycle with geographic variability. Limitation of census observations to times of peak haulout results in extreme logistical difficulties and/or considerable reduction in sample size upon which to base population estimates. Reduced sample size results in high variability in population estimates and broad confidence bands. To develop a model with which to correct density estimates for variability due to diurnal cycle, a series of stationary censuses at fixed locations in the Antarctic continental ice pack was made over significant fractions of several days. A unimodal polynomial model for the observed density variation in any one location was statistically significant; a similar model combining multiple locations with densities standardized to peak daily values was also significant. The latter model was used to make corrections for time of day to density estimates in three test data sets taken over broad geographic areas of the Antarctic. Statistical simulation (bootstrap) methods were used to determine if variances of corrected density estimates were lower than those based on uncorrected observations taken only during the peak haulout times of the day. Results were that 95% interval estimates for corrected densities were narrowed to between 40% and 61% of the uncorrected estimates. While there are additional possible sources of variation in haulout tendency, pending further data collection and analyses, the model developed represents a considerably more precise methodology than either averaging over haulout variability or limiting observations to peak daily periods.


present generation but for the future should be an effort for both professionals and also the general public. And just choose a convenient methods of agricultural land management, use of soil tillage technologies that prevent water erosion runoff and support rainfall water infiltration into the soil are being the right way to achieve that goal.


We propose to use the modern technique of the F-transform in order to show that it can be successfully applied to the image fusion. We remind two working algorithms (SA--the simple algorithm, and CA--the complete algorithm) which are based on the F-transform and discuss, how they can be improved. We propose a new algorithm (ESA--the enhanced simple algorithm) which is effective in time and free of frequently encountered shortcomings.


This guide serves as the home page for the Archives and Special Collections Department at Florida State College at Jacksonville


A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "King of Beasts" by Lars Werdelin in the November 2013 issue.


Here, the LHC phenomenology of a low-scale gauged flavor symmetry model with inverted hierarchy is studied, through introduction of a simplified model of broken flavor symmetry. A new scalar (a flavon) and a new neutral top-philic massive gauge boson emerge with mass in the TeV range, along with a new heavy fermion associated with the standard model top quark. After checking constraints from electroweak precision observables, we investigate the influence of the model on Higgs boson physics, notably on its production cross section and decay branching fractions. Limits on the flavon φ from heavy Higgs boson searches at the LHC at 7 and 8 TeV are presented. The branching fractions of the flavon are computed as a function of the flavon mass and the Higgs-flavon mixing angle. We also explore possible discovery of the flavon at 14 TeV, particularly via the φ → Z0Z0 decay channel in the 2l2l' final state, and through standard model Higgs boson pair production φ → hh in the b¯bγγ final state. We conclude that the flavon mass range up to 500 GeV could be probed down to quite small values of the Higgs-flavon mixing angle with 100 fb–1 of integrated luminosity at 14 TeV.


At present,hard disk protection card has become the electronic reading room of various universities on the computer's main tool for software maintenance,the paper focus on the hard disk protection card principle,functions and applications in electronic reading room of library.


Using ultrasonic wave technique,the autotoxins in the root of A membranaceus var mongolicus are separated by acid-base extraction separation with active material tracking method.The study select four polarity of organic solvent,including petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol for extraction group.The results indicate that there are many autotoxins exist in aqueous extracts of the root of A membranaceus var mongolicus;ethyl acetate fraction exhibits the strongest phytotoxicity on the growth of seeding;acidic components and neutral componentsⅠof acid-base fraction have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of root length,acidic components at concentrations of 0.004 and 0.002 g·mL-1 show higher significant level of inhibition effect(P0.01);while autotoxins of neutral componentsⅠat 0.004 g·mL-1 show significant difference of inhibition effect(P0.05).


Among various drugs presently used for head injury treatment, mannitol, prednisolone and metabolism-stimulating agents (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or T.T.F.D., cytochrome C and cytidine diphosphate choline or CDPcholine) were examined as for their effects on cerebral blood flow of normal dogs, dogs having acute intracranial hypertension and dogs having brain edema. Acute intracranial hypertension was produced by McQueen's method and brain edema was produced by extradural freezing. 1) Mannitol was found to promote cerebral blood flow for fairly short period. In intracranial hypertension dogs and brain edema dogs mannitol injection was found to increase cerebral blood flow as high as 320% and 170% above the control level respectively, but then the flow dropped rapidly tending to reach a level lower than the control level. 2) Prednisolone caused no marked change in cerebral circulation in normal as well as pathological dogs. 3) T.T.F.D. increased cerebral blood flow as high as 65% above the control level in normal dogs and as high as 120% above the control level in intracranial hypertension dogs, but the increase was only 30% in brain edema dogs. The duration of increased cerebral blood flow was as long as 60 minutes in intracranial hypertension dogs, whereas it was from 20 to 30 minutes in normal and brain edema dogs. 4) Cytochrome C increased cerebral blood flow as high as 40% above the control level in normal dogs and the duration of the increase was fairly long. In pathological dogs the increase was only as high as 10%. 5) CDP-choline increased cerebral blood flow as high as 15 to 30% above the control level in normal dogs and the duration of the increase was about 40 minutes. In pathological dogs the effect was not marked and subsequently cerebral blood flow fell below the control level. In conclusion, the results of the experimental studies on effects of various drugs on the cerebral circulation revealed that intensity and duration of the effects differed considerably among normal dogs, dogs having acute intracranial hypertension and dogs having brain edema. These facts should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.


This study aimed to explore the experiences of women with type 1 diabetes during the menopausal transition using a grounded theory approach and, from the data, develop a substantive theory with implications for service users and service providers.


A simple link rotor system is comprised of single generator rotor and maximum electric net joined with the rotor. The nonlinear equation describing the system status change is called vacillation equation. Because of possessing center singular, the nonlinear equation belongs to non hyperbolic type. By means of the following function method of nonlinear equation,the stability of the vacillation equation was verified. When rotor system stands severe net perturbation, generator rotor would vacillate with lower frequency surrounding its synchronous rotating speed. This would induce change of the power net frequency and wave form and would decrease power quality. Perturbation method was applied to the case and two order,approximate solution of the vacillation equation was derived.Electric parameters correction and mechanic damping are two efficient means. The bifurcation and chaos motions of rotor synchronous vacillation were analyzed. Bifurcation diagram, maximum Lyapunov exponent curve, Poincare mapping of the rotor responses were obtained based on electric turbulence magnitude. Period double and intermittent bifurcations are two main ways towards chaos. This should be noted in the rotor vacillation stability.


Prenatal minimally invasive therapy represents a challenging option for reducing long‐term complications of pathological fetal heart development. Here, the potential of the chick embryo as a model for ultrasound‐guided intrauterine cardiac intervention is explored.


Abstract Mesoscale-model simulations are used to examine the structure and dynamics of a gap-outflow event over the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico, that was associated with a surge of cold air along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre. The simulated gap-outflow winds emerged from Chivela Pass, reached a maximum speed of 25 m s−1, and turned anticyclonically as they fanned out over the gulf. Northerly winds were also able to ascend the mountains east, and to a lesser extent west, of Chivela Pass, indicating that the movement of cold air across the Sierra Madre was not confined to the pass. A mesoscale pressure ridge was aligned along the axis of the gap-outflow jet, which was flanked to the west by an anticyclonic eddy, and to the east by a weaker cyclonic eddy. A model-derived trajectory along the axis of the outflow jet traced an inertial path, with anticyclonic curvature produced primarily by the Coriolis acceleration. The cross-flow pressure-gradient acceleration along this trajectory was negligible be...


Purpose: Sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in modern intensive care units (ICUs). At Sharp Grossmont Hospital (SGH), sepsis cases increased the patient mortality rate in comparison to other Sharp facilities. Currently, no tools are utilized to identify septic patients at SGH. The study aimed to find out the impact of early consultation of advanced illness management (AIM) and goals of care conversations (GOCC) on reducing the length of stay (LOS) among septic shock patients.
Methodology: Descriptive data were attained based on Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of 39 septic shock patients form which ICU nurses utilize to calculate Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) on admission and daily for 2 days.
Findings: The education increased the ICU staff's awareness of the high occurrence of septic shock among ICU patients. After the deployment of SOFA scores among 39 patients of septic shock, the average LOS was 3 days, compared to more than 5 days before implementing SOFA scores. Post-implementation, 33 % of patients received early AIM or GOCC intervention, with 84% of them receiving intervention from the first day of admission. These percentages are compared to pre-implementation, when early AIM or GOCC intervention was provided to 36.4 % of patients, with 41.3 % of them receiving AIM or GOCC from the first day of admission.
Recommendations: In this study, the leader of change must be aware of standardized Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) orders for SOFA scores and measure the compliance of ICU nurses in documenting SOFA scores. Moreover, raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the high occurrence of septic shock mortality among ICU patients.


The work presented with the title "In the fringes of the city: the struggle for social rights in the periphery of Campos dos Goytacazes(RJ)", aims to identify and discuss about urban conflicts, collective mobilization and the residences of people from the peripheral areas, on the threshold century XXI, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. This discussion emerges from the scientific initiation research funded by FAPERJ, which the title is named "Work, Precariousness and Resistance in the Periphery of Capitalism: the North Fluminense Region as a scenario", through that the collective actions, manifestations and resistance groups in the city of Campos. It was possible, through this research, to analyze the urban conflicts carried out by residents of peripheral areas, specifically the residents of the Margem da Linha Favela, as a result of the processes removal of rights, with the implementation of the Big Enterprises in the city of Campos, Brazil. Generating, on the other hand, the transformation of social injustices into contemporary resistance, in the orbit of the globalization of capital. To achieve the proposed objective, the first chapter proposes to make a bibliographical reading about contemporary capitalism delimited by the advance of the state punitive arm and neoliberalism, that gave rise to a picture of mobilization of the Brazilian working class after the 1970s. With the the first chapter results, the second chapter, with hemerographic research, documentary and field research, aims to understand the social and historical marks of the city of Campos, since the second half of the twentieth century, articulating the relationship between the state, market and civil society. In addition, it investigates the social subjects who carried out a wave of protests and collective demonstrations in the 21st century, especially the residentes of peripheral areas, in requesting social rights denied for decades. As a result of the scientific initiation, it is noted that the demands of residentes are directed to transportation, health, education, infrastructure and sanitation, among other dimensions that permeate the needs of production and social reproduction of the working class. More peculiarly, a portion of residentes who managed to organize themselves by forming a social movement was the subaltern group of Margem da Linha Favela, with the goal to protect their identity, political projects, territory and culture. In this sense, mapping and studying the mobilization of subordinate groups, as residents of peripheral areas, is an important mechanism for the organization and structuring of collective actions and resistances, in light of the new pattern of accumulation of capital anchored in rentiers and real estate agents in the cities, causing a context of social-spation segregation and expropriation of the subordinate class.


For Japanese language learners in Indonesia get Monbukagakusho Japanese Studies program is something that is very coveted. Moreover Monbukagakusho Japanese Studies program through G to G that must be faced through a very strict selection. In 2012 Japanese students of Faculty of Cultural Study UB who pass the selection were 7 students, in 2013 were 4 students, and in 2014 were 8 students graduated from 21 students in Indonesia. To reach the achievement, it is necessary efforts to improve Japanese ability especially Kanji (writing) Bunpou (grammar), and Dokkai (reading comprehension). The development of students' cognitive ability does not walk alone but it required the ability to organize and control its cognitive abilities. The approach used in this study is metacognitive. From the description above, the research problems are formulated as follows: (1) How to increase Japanese students' ability who participate monbukagakusho selection, (2) What factors which support the learning systems to improve students' ability to deal with the selection. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This study used a questionnaire with 30 respondents of Japanese literature student of Faculty of Cultural Study UB who have joined benkyoukai monbukagakusho test preparation. The results showed that to increase the students' Japanese language proficiency, it is required benkyoukai with strict selection. The students who do not achieve a score above 60% with correct answers 3 (three) times in a row will fall The factors that support learning systems are: The role of the study program, student of benkyoukai participants, materials and evaluation, and facilities and infrastructure. Keywords : benkyoukai (study group), monbukagakusho (scholarship of Ministry of Education and Culture   Japan)


We summarize the x-ray properties of the complete samples of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) detected in our Chandra observations of the globular clusters 47 Tuc and NGC 6397. The 47 Tuc MSPs are predominantly soft sources suggestive of thermal emission from the neutron star polar cap and have x-ray luminosities in a surprisingly narrow range (Lx ~--4 x 10^{30} erg/s). The single MSP in NGC 6397 is both hard and apparently extended, probably due to shocked hot gas evaporating from its main sequence companion. In contrast to MSPs in the field and the cluster M28, which show correlation between x-ray luminosity and spindown luminosity Lx \propto \Edot^{\beta} with \beta ~1 - 1.4, the 47 Tuc (and NGC 6397) sample display a relatively tight correlation with \beta = 0.5 +/-0.15. The correlations of Lx vs. P/2P-dot and light cylinder magnetic field values are also different. It is possible the magnetic field configuration has been altered (by episodic accretion) for old MSPs in dense cluster cores.


CPUE time series for Atlantic blue and white marlin are believed to be compromised by changes in fishing tactics by the Japanese longline fleet that cannot be completely removed by standardization methods. The highest catches for both species come from the early part of the Japanese longline fishery, before it shifted from shallow to deep sets. The consequences of limiting analyses to the most recent period were evaluated with simulated fisheries data generated by a computer program constructed around life history characteristics of Atlantic blue marlin. The population simulation generated sample time series of simulated catches and population abundance histories using several alternative assumptions about natural and fishing mortalities, stock-recruitment slopes, and measurement error. Within this framework the highest simulated catches came from the early part of the fishery and the trend in CPUE was constrained to approximate observed 1986-2005 CPUE trends. The resulting time series of simulated catches and abundances were fitted to a logistic surplus-production model with the full time series (1956-2005), the last 20 years, and the last 16 years. Overall, truncation of the 1956-2005 time series to only include the last 16 years of data resulted in MSY being overestimated by more than 50%, and the ratios of final-year stock biomass to biomass at MSY being overestimated by over 100%. However, the results varied substantially among the assumed population parameters and further research is indicated.


Rapid prototyping is widely used, essential technique for developing novel computing architectures. While simulation-based approaches allow to examine the Design Under Test, the observability of FPGA-based prototypes is limited as they can behave like a black box. However, for verification and design space exploration purposes it is crucial to obtain detailed information on the internal state of such a prototype. In this work we propose an architecture to gather detailed internal measurements during execution and extract them from the design under test without impacting its runtime behavior. It is specifically designed for low resource usage and minimal impact on timing, leaving more resources for the actual prototyped system. Our proposed architecture offers several different interface modules for various signal sources, including register capturing, event counters and bus snooping. We present an estimate of achievable bandwidth and maximum sample rate as well as a demanding case-study with a tiled manycore platform on a multi-FPGA prototyping platform. Experimental results show up to 32 million 4-byte measurements per second, saturating a gigabit Ethernet connection. The monitoring system has proven to be very useful when working with an FPGA-based manycore prototype, as it is an essential tool to reveal incorrect behavior and bottlenecks in hardware, operating system and applications at an early stage.


Introduction: Historically, education is the prominent part of medical systems of different cultures. It has been surveyed in some cultures. In this study, we tried to uncover educational practices applied and present a sketch of medical education in ancient Persia (from beginning to 637 AD) based on the available evidence. Methods: In this study, old Persian scripts and other written documents like Avesta, Dinkerd, histories of Herodotus and Cyropedia and also recent literature were studied tocome up with a sketch of medical education in ancient Persia. Results: The pattern of medical education in ancient Persia was presented based on (a) handwritinga principle for education, (b) public education in ancient Persia, (c) schools of medicine in Persia, (d) organizations and medical centers; and (e) medical fields. Conclusion: The importance of knowledge and education among ancient Persians can be observed even in their early childhood education.This attention to education ,and especially to medical education, has been an important key feature of Persian culture and its dynamic civilization.