His research interests include networking systems, storage systems, and distributed systems. He is in the Parallel Data Lab (PDL) at CMU and also works closely with Intel Labs. H igh-speed approximate set-membership tests are critical for many applications, and Bloom filters are used widely in practice, but do not support deletion. In this article, we describe a new data structure called the cuckoo filter that can replace Bloom filters for many approximate set-membership test applications. Cuckoo filters allow adding and removing items dynamically while achieving higher lookup performance, and also use less space than conventional, non-deletion-supporting Bloom filters for applications that require low false positive rates (ϵ< 3%). Set-membership tests determine whether a given item is in a set or not. By allowing a small but tunable false positive probability, set-membership tests can be implemented by Bloom filters [1], which cost a constant number of bits per item. Bloom filters are efficient for representing large and static sets, and thus are widely used in many applications from caches and routers to databases; however, the existing items cannot be removed from the set without rebuilding the entire filter. In this article, we present a new, practical data structure that is better for applications that require low false positive probabilities, handle a mix of " yes " and " no " answers, or that need to delete items from the set. Several proposals have extended classic Bloom filters to add support for deletion but with significant space overhead: counting Bloom filters [5] are four times larger and the recent d-left counting Bloom filters (dl-CBFs) [3, 2], which adopt a hash table-based approach, are still about twice as large as a space-optimized Bloom filter. This article shows that supporting deletion for approximate set-membership tests does not require higher space overhead than static data structures like Bloom filters. Our proposed cuckoo filter can replace both counting and traditional Bloom filters with three major advantages: (1) it supports adding and removing items dynamically; (2) it achieves higher lookup performance; and (3) it requires less space than a space-optimized Bloom filter when the target false positive rate ϵ is less than 3%. A cuckoo filter is a compact variant of a cuckoo hash table [7] that stores fingerprints (hash values) for each item inserted. Cuckoo hash tables can have more than 90% occupancy, which translates into high space efficiency when used for set membership. Standard Bloom …


The transient stability of a single machine to infinite-busbar power system with resistor- type superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) is analyzed under asymmetrical short-circuit fault conditions. The SFCL is considered to introduce a resistance into the three-phase circuits when faults occur. Based on the power-angle curves for different short-circuit conditions of the single-line to ground, double-line to ground and line to line short-circuit faults, the influences of the SFCLs on transient stability are analyzed in detail. The time-domain simulation of transient stability is carried out to verify the analytical results.


A total of 115 outside cuts with a medium weight of 2.9 kg were used. Five samples were used for the estimation of the internal variation of the cut force and 10 samples for chemical composition evaluation. Eighty cuts were vacuum-packed and then aged for seven days at 7 oC. After aging, four subgroups of 20 units were established. The first was frozen at -25 oC for a month. The second and the third subgroups were cooked by immersion in hot water until the internal temperature reached 70 oC. At the end of the cooking process, the third group was frozen as described above. The fourth group only underwent aging (seven days/7 °C). Twenty fresh cuts were used as a control group. The "cut force" of the 100 treated cuts was evaluated by the methods of the American Meat Science Association. Microbiological quality and weight losses of every treatment, and the pH values for fresh and aged cuts were evaluated. Fresh cuts showed high variability in tenderness, expressed as a function of the cut force estimated in 7.45 kg/cm 2 , and exhibited slightly higher proportion of connective tissue (2.9%). Outside fractions, both fresh and aged, showed low pH values, but did not show statistically significant differences among each other. Microbiological evaluations showed that all treatments were sanitarily executed. All treatments improved outside tenderness. The treatments composed by cooking and by freezing showed the least improvement. The best results were obtained under aging during seven days at a temperature of 7 oC.


A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Centrosema pubescens Benth. comparing the variety "Deodoro" with 4 of its lines, to study differences in nodulation and plant yield, utilizing several different strains of Rhizobium . For the two harvests at 28 and 56 days alter sowing, highly significant strain effects were observed in nodulation and plant growth. Differences between lines were significant only in the first harvest. Line homologous strains seemed to produce more nodules than non-homologous ones. A highly significant regression of nodule weight and total plant nitrogen was found which was independent of the Rhizobium strain or host. There was an interaction between strains and harvests and therefore it was suggested that strain precocity is not the most important characteristic to be observed in strain selection for perennial plants. The use of more than one strain in the inoculant, one precocious and another with later high efficiency should be considered.


A trial was conducted in the Birmingham RSPCA stray dog kennels to compare the efficacy of distemper and measles vaccines. The results show that both vaccines are effective and are of equal value in protecting animals in an infective environment.


the village, and then moved to Kathmandu and gave medical assistance at Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital (DH-KUH). Here, the pharmacists assisted with sorting and organizing the medicines donated by various countries, as well as providing workshops for the DH-KUH nurses and community medicine personnel. Such activities indicated that to provide appropriate healthcare for victims, the pharmacist was also required to be a medical logistician.


This research aims to analyze scouting activities' implementation to improve students' leadership qualities during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subject of this study consisted of 17 individuals: 1 school policymaker, 1 scout coach, and 15 scout members in Angkasa Lanud Husen Sastranegara High School, Bandung, Indonesia. Observation, interview and documentation study were data collection techniques used in this research. The findings of the study consisted of 1) scouting activities were included in the high school curriculum to prepare students to become individuals with good character and independence, have a spirit of leadership and concern for the environment, and equip students with positive activities before entering the community; 2) Virtual-based scouting education activities consisted of online scouting training with a leadership theme, to foster students' leadership, scout members participated in virtual activities such as seminars, discussions, watching YouTube videos on the subject of scouting, and participating in Zoom Meeting on commemorating Scouting Day. The students attended Twigs and scout coaches' training on scout groups throughout the pandemic. They also did the practice putting Tri Satya and Dhasa Dharma into practice in daily life. Students administered and applied the General Proficiency Requirements' points. They played active roles in the quiz competition, which seeks to build a culture of sportsmanship and leadership, improving their capacity to communicate in a forum, acquire knowledge, assume responsibility, and gain experience. The scout members also practice developing a sense of leadership in their communities at home. They practiced serving as the prayer leader in the mosque, the imam of home prayers, and guided their younger ones to recite Quran. This research recommends that virtual-based scouting activities can be applied in all schools with more variations of programs and more appreciation for the students' leadership improvement.


Analytical experiments are performed in an entrained flow reactor to better understand the kinetic processes involved in biomass pyrolysis under high temperatures (1073-1273 K) and flash heating condition (>500 K.. s/1). The influence of the particle size (0.4 and 1.1 mm), of the temperature range (1073-1273 K), of the presence of steam in the gas atmosphere (0 or 20 vol %) and of the residence time range (between 0.7 and 3.5 s for gas) on conversion and selectivity is studied. Under these conditions, the particle size is the most crucial parameter that influences decomposition. For 1.1 mm particles, pyrolysis requires more than 0.5 s and heat transfer processes are limiting. For 0.4 mm particles, pyrolysis seems finished after 0.5 s. More than 70 wt % of gas is produced. 40 % of the initial carbon is found in CO; less than 5% is found in CO2. The hydrogen content is equally distributed among H2, H20 and light hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4). Under these conditions, the evolution of the produced gas mixture is not very significant during the first few seconds, even if there seems to be some reactions between H2, the C2 and tars. (Resume d'auteur)


The presentation describes efforts to develop a LIDAR in-flight product characterization range at Stennis Space Center as the next phase of the NASA Verification and Validation activities. It describes the status of surveying efforts on targets of interest to LIDAR vendors as well as the potential guidelines that will be used for product characterization.


A total of 74 accessions of peanut materials were screened for chilling stress resistance based on a previously established method,resulting in a germplasm line 9650 with 80% germination. Total RNA was extracted from seeds of 9650 imbibed in distilled water at 2( low temperature treatment) or 25℃( check) for 2h 6 and 8h,and differentially expressed genes( DEGs) were isolated using Genefishing technology. 34 unique DEGs were obtained. Of them,5 sequences have not been annotated before,and the rest 29 were found to be highly similar to the sequences in the GeneBank database. BLAST2Go analysis revealed that 34 unigenes belonged to diverse functional categories including metabolism,signal transduction,stress response,cell defense and transcriptional regulation. Four genes potentially related to low-temperature stress tolerance in peanut were further validated by qRT-PCR The full length cDNA of cyclophilin gene was obtained with 5'- RACE,laying foundation for functional analysis of its role in peanut chilling stress tolerance through transgenesis.


Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an onco-promoter lipid that, after interaction with specific membrane receptors, acts as a key regulator of growth, invasion, and therapy-resistance of different tumors, including human glioblastomas (GBMs). These are the most common and lethal primary brain cancer in adults, exhibiting a dismal prognosis, despite diverse therapeutic approaches. Accumulating reports suggest that human GBMs contain glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), a small subpopulation of cells determinant in tumor growth, and malignant progression. Little is known about the role of S1P in GSCs. Using GSCs derived from human GBM specimens with different proliferative index and stemness marker expression, we investigated the possible role of S1P in the proliferative and stemness properties of GSCs. Metabolic studies demonstrated that GSCs can rapidly export newly synthesized S1P, this process being enhanced in fast proliferating cells. Released S1P levels reached nM concentrations in response to increased extracellular sphingosine. Moreover, EGF and bFGF, recognized autocrine factors in GSC, potentiated the constitutive capacity of GSCs to secrete S1P, suggesting that cooperation between S1P and these growth factors is of relevance in GSC maintenance and proliferation. Of relevance, we then found that S1P is able to act as a proliferative and pro-stemness autocrine factor for GSCs, promoting both cell cycle progression and stemness phenotypic profile, in a receptor-dependent fashion. Overall, our results suggest that the GSC population is critically modulated by microenvironmental S1P, that acts as an autocrine signal to maintain a pro-stemness microenvironment and favoring GSC survival, proliferation and maintenance of stem properties. These findings could open novel opportunities for the development of effective treatments for GBMs.


It is widely accepted that effective leadership can improve evacuation efficiency, so how to guide the crowd effectively deserves great attention. However, little research has been done on the effect of an individual on crowd following behaviors in two-dimensional scenarios, especially the agreement between the followers and the leader. In this study, several controlled experiments were conducted to explore the effect of an individual (the leader) on the crowd movement, considering different group sizes and the leader's speeds. A new method was proposed to evaluate the leadership effect based on the agreement between the followers' and the leader's motion. Different weight parameters were defined to reflect different states including speed matching, angular speed adjustment, and the states of ineffective leadership. The results showed that the leadership effect was weakened as the leader's speed or the group size increases, and the leader's speed had a greater impact on the leadership effect than the group size. The formation coordination of the crowd showed a little difference at different leader's speeds but a large difference under different group sizes. These findings can provide empirical data about the effect of a leader on crowd following behavior, which might be useful for the improvement of the leader–follower model and provide new insights into the leadership of the crowd.


The implications of characterization of hydrodynamics of constructed wetland are to reveal the Inherent mechanism of sewage treatment,and to understand the complicated reaction processes of water flow and decomposition of pollutants.The design,operation and quality of discharge water can therefore be accurately calculated and evaluated.Characterization of hydrodynamics of constructed wetland includes hydraulic retention time,hydraulic conductivity,water capacity and flow regime etc.Tracer test is employed,usually with NaCl,Rhodamine WT and isotopes as tracers.The impact of vegetation on hydrodynamic characteristics of constructed wetland is currently one of the hot spots of studies.


Improvements in the efficiency of heat exchangers respectively increase of exchanged heat transfer rate, can lead to substantial cost, space and materials savings. The current paper describes the single phase heat transfer enhancement by simultaneous increase of heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient. Further, the paper provides an analysis of a simple heat transfer assessment method, demonstrated on pin fins as elements for heat transfer enhancement but which can be applied also to other fin forms. The applicability of the analytical assessment method is checked by experimental investigations of a double-pipe pin fin heat exchanger. The order of the magnitude of heat transfer enhancement obtained experimentally was similar to that obtained analytically. The heat transfer and pressure drop results for the pin fin heat exchanger were compared with the results for a smooth-pipe heat exchanger. It was found that by a direct comparison of Nu and f-factor no conclusion regarding the relative performances could be made. Hence, in the current work a more practical comparison method, consisting in comparison of heat transfer rate per heat exchanger volume versus pumping power per heat exchanger volume is provided.


The piezoelectric interaction of surface acoustic waves (SAW) with metallic films deposited on a piezoelectric substrate is quenched when the film becomes superconducting. This acoustoelectric interaction should be proportional to the sheet resistivity of the film in the limit where the SAW period is smaller than the acoustoelectric relaxation time. The attenuation coefficient of SAW propagating through superconducting films of granular Pb and NbN has been measured at 700 MHz. In both cases the attenuation is not proportional to the measured dc resistivity of the films. The attenuation remains finite in the superconducting state of the granular Pb film even when the sheet resistivity disappears. This difference is ascribed, with a percolation model, to the fact that the dc current measures the resistance of the whole film while the SAW measures the effective resistance of a sample with dimensions comparable to its wavelength. The attenuation in the NbN film attains its normal value when the temperature in...


In this thesis, I report on the deterministic preparation and the observation of strongly correlated few-fermion systems in single and double-well potentials. In a first experiment, we studied a system of one impurity interacting with a number of majority atoms which we prepared in a single potential well in the one-dimensional limit. With increasing number of majority particles, we observed a decrease in the quasi-particle residue which is in agreement with expectations from the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe. In a second experiment, we prepared two fermions in a double-well potential which represents the fundamental building block of the Fermi-Hubbard model. By increasing the repulsion between the two fermions, we observed the crossover into the antiferromagnetic Mott-insulator regime. Furthermore, I describe a new imaging technique, which allows spin-resolved single-atom detection both in in-situ and in time-of-flight. We use this technique to investigate the emergence of momentum correlations of two repulsive fermions in the ground state of the double well. With the methods developed in this thesis, we have established a framework for quantum simulation of strongly correlated many-body systems in tunable potentials.


A speech encoder uses a soft interpolation decision for spectral parameters. For each frame, the encoder first calculates the residual energy for interpolated spectral parameters, and then calculates the residual energy for non-interpolated spectral parameters. The encoder then compares these residual energy calculations. If the encoder determines that the interpolated spectral parameters yields the lowest residual energy, it indicates to a far-end decoder to use the interpolated values for the current frame. Otherwise, it indicates to the far-end decoder to use the non-interpolated values for the current frame. The encoder signals the far-end decoder as to which spectral parameters (interpolated or non-interpolated values) to use by encoding and transmitting a special signalling bit.


The ecological environment in arid northwest China is frangible,and the social and economic development is restricted.Especially cultivated land resources are quite limited.To study the weak sustainability of land use is urgent in China.The starting time of researching the sustainability of land use is comparatively late,and the specific theoretical evaluation frame indexes and methods are also at the approach stage.The systems of evaluating the sustainability of land use should be different from different regions and levels.In this paper,the index system of sustainability of land use in the Jiuquan Oasis is developed based on six aspects including the equity,economic feasibility,land productivity index,protection of farmland resources,production stability index and coordination index,the entropy-right method is used to establish the weight coefficients and comprehensive evaluation model,the sustainability of land use in the Jiuquan Oasis during the period from 2000 to 2006 is assessed,and a map of the sustainability levels of land use is generated based on GIS.The results show that the sustainability level of land use in all the cities and counties in the Jiuquan Oasis is low,land use is in a weak or serious non-sustainable status,and the regional difference is obvious.On which some countermeasures are put forward for improving the sustainability of land use in the Jiuquan Oasis.


The growth, bacteriocin production and stability of Enterococcus faecium CCM4231 strain in milk and cheese were investigated. Moreover, antagonistic effect of bacteriocin preparation (containing bacteriocin-enterocin CCM4231) was studied in Saint-Paulin cheese experimentally contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes Ohio. The growth of E. faecium CCM4231 in cheese milk and cheese reached 10.1 ± 0.1 log10 cfu/ml/g. Production of bacteriocin started after 4 h from the beginning of CCM4231 strain cultivation and culminated after 8 h with activity in the range from 200 to 6 400 AU/ml depending on the indicator organism used. This activity was stable or only slightly diminished during 1 or 2 week storage at 4°C. Addition of bacteriocin preparation into cheese vat contaminated with 0.1% inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes resulted in the reduction of this contaminant in cheese during ripening period with the difference 2.7 log cycles between the experimental cheese and the control one. Although, at the end of ripening slight re-growth of L. monocytogenes was noticed in the experimental cheese, our results give chances for the use of natural substance-bacteriocin to prevent, control or reduce the food contaminants. Of course, more studies are still needed to assess the role of bacteriocin or its preparations as food preservatives.


In the course of the educational reform in our country,the traditional test education is changing towards the quality education quickly.To finish the change,the P.E of schools plays the role with its unique function which can not be replaced.


Experiments were carried out to study the effectiveness of using inside-pipe measurements for leak detection in plastic pipes. Acoustic and pressure signals due to simulated leaks, opened to air, are measured and studied for designing a detection system to be deployed inside water networks of 100 mm (4 inch) pipe size. Results showed that leaks as small as 2 l/min can be detected using both hydrophone and dynamic pressure transducer under low pipe flow rates. The ratio between pipe flow rate and leak flow rate seems to be more important than the absolute value of leak flow. Increasing this ratio resulted in diminishing and low frequency leak signals. Sensor location and directionality, with respect to the leak, are important in acquiring clean signal.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Telkom's share price in the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) since 2007 growth lower comparing to the performance of the overall index. From year 2007 to the end of 2012, Telkom's share price has dropped by approximately 10%, whereas the composite stock price index increased by about 130% in the same period. The low performance of Telkom stock price due to the high of competition level in Indonesia telecommunications business. The price war reduced phone rates, and the firm face a negative growth around 7% in 5 years. To anticipate negative growth, the management has decided to enter the business of New Wave as a new revenue stream.To determine the root cause of low performance of Telkom's share price, The analysis should be done by calculating the fundamental value of Telkom. Telkom's fundamental share price calculated using the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) and Dividend Discount Model (DDF) method as comparison. Based on FCFE, the fair fundamental prices shares amounted Rp.11.961, while based on DDF Telkom shares process is Rp. 13, 253. This result is not much different from the Telkom closing share price 2013 amounted Rp .9,050. To increase growth is to increase the proportion of new wave business. Increase in new wave business can be done with synergies between business units and subsidiaries in the Telkom Group. The programs are conducted on a unit must have Telkom are a state-owned enterprise that operates in the telecommunications and network service sector in Indonesia. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia is the Company's majority shareholder, while the remainder of the Company's common stock is owned by the public. The company's shares are traded on Indonesia Stock Exchange, and publicity offered without listing in Japan. Telkom offers a broad range of network and telecommunication service, including domestic and international basic telecommunication services, the services are fixed line, fixed wireless (CDMA), and mobile cellular (GSM) as well as interconnection services used among other licensed operator (OLO). Telkom also provides Multimedia services such as content and applications, completing the business portfolio called Telecommunication, Information, Media, Edutainment, and Services (TIMES). The telecommunication (T) business is the fundamental platform of the company's legacy-based business, the others business portfolio such as information, media, edutainment, and services (IMES), will be called as new wave businesses that lead the Company to keep innovating digital creative-based product. This confirms Telkom's commitment to boost revenues amid more open competition in the industry. The Telecommunications Law (Law No.36/1999), which went into effect in September 2000, facilitated the entry of new players, intensifying the competition in the telecommunication industry. Tight competition environment and regulatory pressure brought the price war among the telecommunication operators cause lower revenue and profit margin. In order to anticipate the decline in telephone revenue stream, since year 2009 Telkom announce to become a TIMES company. The development of Information, Media, Edutainment, and Services (IMES) business portfolio is a strategy to create new revenue stream as well as ordinary telecommunication.


The article presents an analysis of the book by V.G. Buhert, a famous Russian archivist. The book is devoted to the history of the formation and activities of the Land Surveying Chancery Archives (the Central Land Surveying Archives) which existed from 1768 to 1939, as well as to the Chancery's structure and the subject matter of its documents. Starting with the second half of the 18th century, the Russian authorities began carrying out the land surveying procedure. As a result, valuable documentary material was accumulated in the Land Surveying Chancery – cartographic records (schemes, maps, collections of maps), text documents (land plat books, notes on economy issues), etc. At present, the documents are kept in the Russian State Archives for Ancient Acts. It is pointed out that on the basis of detected documents the author of the book managed to restore some little-known information about the acquisition, registration and the description of archival sources, as well as about the fate and fortunes of the Archive's workers.


An optical assembly for coupling a light guide comprising a transparent support (3) and a transmitter or receiver element (13) provided on a first side (5) of the support (3). A layer (31) transparent optical surrounds at least the transmitter or receiver element (13). method for manufacturing such an optical assembly.


Several workers have found large variations in the size of Trichomonas vaginalis in fresh preparations from vaginal discharges. Powell 1 reported lengths of 10 to 30μ and Wenrich 2 in 2 sets of preparations obtained lengths of 18 to 36 and 12.6 to 27μ. There has been some question concerning the cause of these variations, 1 and it was with the hope of clarifying this situation that this experiment was undertaken. The materials and culture-methods used in this experiment are the same as those employed by Johnson. 3 T. vaginalis was grown in media at various pH values and the organisms were measured. Observations were made on the living organisms sealed with vaseline under a microslip supported by glass fragments. The organisms were thoroughly distributed throughout the media before samples were taken. Measurements of length and width were made on the first 35 motile organisms encountered in the field. No measurements were taken of the amoeboid forms which are considered degenerative. 2 Two-day cultures—The minimal mean size of the organisms (12.4±O.13μ in length and 9.4±0.11μ. in width) appeared at approximately pH 5.40. The maximal mean size (15 ±0.23ν in length and 11.6±:0.18μ in width) occurred at pH 7.60. Between these extremes there was a progressive although somewhat irregular increase in size with increase in pH. The extreme range was from 6.4 to 24μ in length and from 4.8 to 19.2μ in width. Four-day cultures—After 4 days the media which exhibited a pH of 6.64 to 5.15 after 2 days had become more acid (pH 6.44 and 4.93), while the less acid media became slightly more alkaline (about 0.1 pH unit). The minimal mean size of protozoa (11.4±0.12 by 9.0±0.10μ occurred at about pH 5.10 to 5.17.


Objective: To investigate associations between John Henryism (JH) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (PI-R) personality domains. JH—a strong behavioral predisposition to engage in high-effort coping with difficult psychosocial and economic stressors—has been associated with poor health, particularly among persons in lower socioeconomic (SES) groups. Unfavorable personality profiles have also been frequently linked to poor health; however, no studies have yet examined what global personality traits characterize JH. Methods: Hypotheses were examined, using data from a sample of 233 community volunteers (mean age, 33 years; 61% black and 39% white) recruited specifically to represent the full range of the SES gradient. Personality (NEO PI-R) and active coping (12-item JH scale) measures and covariates were derived from baseline interviews. Results: In a multiple regression analysis, independent of SES, JH was positively associated with Conscientiousness (C) (p < .001) and Extraversion (E) (p < .001), whereas the combination of low JH and high SES was associated with Neuroticism (N) (p = .02) When examining associations between JH and combinations of NEO PI-R domains called "styles," high JH was most strongly associated with a high E/high C "Go-Getters" style of activity, whereas low JH was associated with the low E/high Openness (O) "Introspectors" style. In facet level data, the most robust associations with JH were found for five C and five E facets. Conclusions: High JH was associated with higher scores on C and E, but the combination of low JH and high SES was associated with higher scores on N. SES = socioeconomic status; JH = John Henryism; N = Neuroticism; C = Conscientiousness; E = Extraversion; A = Agreeableness; O = Openness.


B031 Unified Green's Function Representation for Interferometry K. Wapenaar* (Delft University of Technology) E. Slob (Delft University of Technology) R. Snieder (Colorado School of Mines) D. Draganov (Delft University of Technology) J. Thorbecke (Delft University of Technology) J. van der Neut (Delft University of Technology) & S. de Ridder (Delft University of Technology) SUMMARY It has been shown by many authors that the cross-correlation of two acoustic wave field recordings yields the Green's function between these receivers (in geophysics this is also known as 'seismic interferometry'). Recently the theory has been extended for situations where time-reversal invariance does not hold


1.IntroductionTeachers may be considered as one of the most important factors that play significant roles in every educational system. There are some variables, which influence teachers' effectiveness, among those variables teaching experience is an overlooked domain. Rice (2010) argued that in general education "teacher experience is probably the key factor in personnel policies that affect current employees: it is a cornerstone of traditional single-salary schedules; drives teachers transfer policies that prioritize seniority, and it is commonly considered as a primary source of inequity across schools and, therefore, a target for redistribution" (p.1). Therefore, it can be claimed that teaching experience and teacher experience may promote effectiveness.On the language teacher's experience, some questions can be proposed. Some of the discussed issues in the pertinent literature are as the following: What is the relationship between teacher experience and teacher productivity? Does the experience promote effectiveness? Do learners achieve higher levels of proficiency when taught by more experienced teachers? Nevertheless, the term 'language teaching experience' is not straightforward as it seems, and there may be different interpretations of the term. The sources of observed complexities may refer to the diverse understanding of "language teacher experience. "By doing so, this study aims to define the term from the Iranian teachers' perspectives and to determine different possible constructs of 'language teacher experience.'2. Review of LiteratureConsidering the related literature, while "there is abundant research on what effective teachers is" (Covino & Iwanicki, 1996, p. 325), as far as the authors were concerned, there have been no specific study on the definitions and constructs of language teacher experience. Therefore, determining constructs of language teacher's experience in the area of language teacher education has been an overlooked and understudied domain that requires an in-depth analysis.In every educational setting, teacher experience may be deemed as a central factor that may affect teacher professional development. "It is a cornerstone of traditional single-salary schedules; it drives teacher transfer policies that prioritize seniority, and it is commonly considered a major source of inequity across schools and, therefore, a target for redistribution"(Rice, 2010, p.1). There is multiplicity of factors that have an impact on students' outcomes. Among these factors, teacher effectiveness and what teachers do in the classroom will have the greatest impact on students'achievement (Jensen et al., 2008; Aaronson, Barrow & Sander, 2007; Hanushek et al., 2005; Rockoff, 2004; Rice, 2010; Leigh, 2010). Therefore, improving the quality of teachers and their teaching behaviors in the classroom context is one of the most effective ways to enhance students' achievement. Teacher experience, as one of the constructs of an effective teacher, may promote teacher effectiveness and may influence teachers' behaviors in classroom practice. However, it is not clear to what extent experience affects teacher performance and which teacher (more experienced or novice) performs better.In majorities of educational contexts, the same responsibilities are put on the novice and experienced teachers' shoulders. Less experienced teachers are most of the time expected to carry out the same set of complex tasks and responsibilities as more experienced teachers. The evidence for such a claim can be traced to the fact that in most of the educational settings in general and language teaching classroom settings in particular lesson planning and teaching material are the same for both new and experienced teachers.The conducted studies in the relevant literature (e.g., TALIS 2008, Covin & Iwanicki, 1996) compared the performance of new and more experienced teachers together. However, the reasons, why new and experienced teachers perform differently in the classroom have not been investigated by these studies. …


In 2005 a base model for geographic information in the Netherlands was published named NEN 3610. The model consist of a modeling framework (based on the ISO19100 series) and a collection of extensible base classes. In the following years many organizations have built their models in conformance to this base model (IMRO, TOP10NL, IMTOP, IMWA, IMKICH, IMKL). The implementation of the base model strongly enhances the operational aspect of a successful National Geographic Register and related services. Moreover the base model approach has prepared the Netherlands for implementation of a similar approach followed in the INSPIRE initiative. Based on the experiences and national and international developments we are renewing the base model, this will be finished in 2009. In our paper we share our experiences with the base model of the last few years and give an overview of our proposed changes. The changes come from the following three main sources: NEN 3610 users were asked for change proposals, all current NEN 3610 models were analyzed for harmonization opportunities and finally the INSPIRE specifications that will probably influence many datasets under NEN 3610 were checked. Al these proposals were discussed in a NEN 3610 Framework group resulting in a new version of base model. The most notable changes with respect to the old version are: • The introduction of design patterns as a way to harmonize data models. • How to handle the fact that all organizations have a different way of looking at the world and hence splitting the same world into different classes. • Integration of semantic decisions and implementation decisions in one model. As there are many similarities between the Dutch base model developments and the INSPIRE process we believe that conclusions from this project can be of benefit for the INSPIRE project and vice-versa.


Biogenically engineered habitats are constantly changing in space and time, resulting in changes to the landscape and the ecology of associated taxa. Using patchily distributed biogenic habitats on intertidal rocky shores the influences of different aspects of the landscape were investigated, that is, the surrounding matrix and the habitat itself. Experiments to test the effect of the matrix were carried out by transplanting assemblages in artificial habitats from one type of biogenically engineered matrix (created by the tubeworm Galeolaria caespitosa) to another (created by the oyster Saccostrea glomerata). Change to the surrounding matrix resulted in the densities of polychaete worms in central fragments of habitat changing to become more similar to their new surroundings. To test how the habitat influenced predator–prey interactions, polychaetes were transplanted from a complex habitat (created by the turfing alga Corallina officinalis) to less complex habitat (created by the tubeworm G. caespitosa), with or without the presence of the predatory polychaete, Perinereis amblyodonta. This experiment also tested the influence of habitat replacement on densities of polychaetes, regardless of any new interactions between species. Despite coralline turf being a much more complex habitat than Galeolaria, P. amblyodonta successfully preyed on other species of polychaetes in both habitats. Furthermore, in the absence of P. amblyodonta, survival of polychaetes did not differ between the habitats. These types of experiments will be useful for testing similar hypotheses in different landscapes and will assist in gaining a more general understanding of habitat modification.


Before jumping onto the e-bandwagon, it's important to work out precisely where you want it to take you. The author offers some advice.


The 5 articles included in this special section are reviewed in this article. The studies encompassed were all focused on pre- or early adolescents, and samples were generally from inner-city areas, with 1 involving rural youth. Considered collectively, the results point to 3 major conclusions: Many children in America are regularly exposed to violence in communities; such exposure carries risk for psychopathology; and parents and other adults can provide valuable support but are limited in how much they can offset the effects of ongoing violence exposure. Intervention implications are, foremost, that community violence itself must be reduced and, second, that positive relationships with significant adults should be fostered to the degree possible among children living in high-risk, violence-prone communities. The five articles on violence exposure within this special section reflect several strengths, including the focus on rural as well as urban children, the use of multiple methods and respondents in assessments, and the exploration of diverse potentially protective processes, including different parenting domains and high perceived support from various people in the child's life. Considered in tandem, the results of these studies point to a series of three major conclusions.


The functional and aesthetic restoration of crown-root fractured anterior teeth with biological width involvement represents a challenge to the clinician, because it requires a multidisciplinary approach. The trans-operative fragment reattachment technique is a feasible and advantageous alternative since it makes it possible to reestablish the original aesthetics and function of the fractured tooth in a single appointment. This work presents the fundamentals of this technique, highlighting its advantages, indications and limitations. The applications of the surgical and restorative procedures are demonstrated by way of a case report.


According to the problem when displaying voltage-ampere characteristic of diode by oscillometric method,we put forward an improved method. Using the Hall current sensor solves the principle defect on original circuit. Analog and experimental results show that the improved detection-circuits are better on the oscilloscope display and are easy to regulated,and the voltage-ampere characteristic of diode is showed more accurately.


Liver disease is an early complication in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).The clinical manifestations in hepatobiliary disease of CF include neonatal cholestasis, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis, biliary lithiasis, focal biliary cirrhosis and multilobular cirrhosis, with or without portal hypertension. Changes in the tests evaluating the liver function are inconsistent and are not correlated with the severity of the liver lesions. The diagnosis of liver disease in CF requires the presence of at least two of the following four diagnosis criteria: clinical manifestations, pathologic liver function tests, ultrasound and histologic changes. The annual follow-up to evaluate the liver function is s recommended for diagnosis of asymptomatic liver disease and early initiation of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. The improvement of the liver function influences life quality and increases the survival rate in patients with CF.


The invention relates to a formula and a preparation method of a zinc-air battery electrode. In a manufacturing process of the zinc-air battery electrode, components of an air electrode and a zinc electrode are remixed, and a polyanion cellulose compound (CMC) in the component of the zinc electrode is preprocessed by adopting nano-carbon sol, so that the electric capacity of the zinc-air battery is greatly increased, the continuous discharging time is prolonged, the dropping of active substances of the electrode in an application process can be reduced, and the no-load storage time of the zinc-air battery can be greatly prolonged.


The robotics community has seen an exponential growth in the level of complexity of the theoretical tools presented for the modeling of soft robotics devices. Different solutions have been presented to overcome the difficulties related to the modeling of soft robots, often leveraging on other scientific disciplines, such as continuum mechanics and computer graphics. These theoretical foundations are often taken for granted and this lead to an intricate literature that, consequently, has never been the subject of a complete review. Withing this scenario, the objective of the presented paper is twofold. The common theoretical roots that relate the different families of modeling techniques are highlighted, employing a unifying language that ease the analysis of their main connections and differences. Thus, the listing of the approaches naturally follows and a complete, untangled, review of the main works on the field is finally provided.


ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Research design and methods: Patients were randomised to 24 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of escitalopram (20 mg) (n = 143) or duloxetine (60 mg) (n = 151). The primary analysis of efficacy was an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of change from baseline to endpoint (week 24) in MADRS total score (last observation carried forward). Main outcome measures; Results: At week 8, the mean change from baseline in total MADRS score was –19.5 for patients treated with escitalopram (n = 141) and –17.4 for patients treated with duloxetine (n = 146), a difference of 2.1 points ( p < 0.05). At week 8, the proportion of responders (≥ 50% decrease in MADRS) was 69% (escitalopram) and 58% (duloxetine) ( p < 0.05) and remission (MADRS ≤ 12) rates were 56% (escitalopram) and 48% (duloxetine) (NS). For the primary endpoint, the mean change from baseline in total MADRS score at week 24 was –23.4 for patients treated with escitalopram and –21.7 for patients treated with duloxetine, a difference of 1.7 points ( p = 0.055, one-sided). The difference in mean change from baseline in MADRS total score favoured escitalopram at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ( p < 0.05). The overall withdrawal rates were 22% (escitalopram) and 25% (duloxetine) (NS). The withdrawal rate due to adverse events was lower for escitalopram (9%) compared to duloxetine (17%) ( p < 0.05) and significantly more patients treated with duloxetine reported insomnia (12.6% vs. 4.9%) and constipation (8.6% vs. 2.8%). Conclusion: Escitalopram was superior to duloxetine in acute treatment and at least as efficacious and better tolerated in long-term treatment of MDD.


This paper seeks to explore the extent to which adolescents are the target of the advertisements and promotional activities of alcohol companies. A comprehensive literature review, resulting in three research questions and three hypotheses, has shown there to be little attention paid to the content of these advertisements and its ability to appeal to adolescents, with most attention being paid to the effect of advertising on alcohol consumption, and behaviour of this demographic. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used, namely focus group interviews and content analysis, in order to allow triangulation of the findings. Analysis of the findings will allow hypotheses to be proved or disproved, the research questions to be answered and the overall research objective to be fulfilled. It will be shown that alcohol advertisements do feature elements which may appeal to adolescents. It will also be shown that adverts are placed in media with a sizeable adolescent audience, as well as the fact that adolescents are more likely to see an alcohol advert than an alcohol counter advert. In conclusion, it is suggested that adolescents are directly or indirectly the target of much alcohol advertising and promotional activity. This in turn is expected to have ramifications for the alcohol advertising industry as it adds weight to the argument of concerned parents and interest groups, who lobby for a tightening of the legislation and policies adhered to by the individual companies in their daily practises.


Abstract: Introduction: Breastfeeding has a protective effect against acute respiratory and diarrheal infections. There are psychological and social effects due to physical isolation in the population in the mother-child group. Objective: To assess the impact on infant mortality due to a decrease in the prevalence of breastfeeding during 2020 due to the physical isolation against the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Colombia. Materials and methods: We used the population attributable risk approach taking into account the prevalence of breastfeeding and its potential decrease associated with the measures of physical isolation and the relative risk (RR) of the association between exclusive breastfeeding and the occurrence of acute infection consequences in the growth (weight for height) of children under the age of five through a mathematical modeling program. Results: We found an increase of 11.39% in the number of cases of growth arrest in the age group of 6 to 11 months with a 50% decrease in breastfeeding prevalence, as well as an increase in the number of diarrhea cases in children between 1 and 5 months of age from 5% (5.67%) on, and an increased number of deaths in children under 5 years (9.04%) with a 50% decrease in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: A lower prevalence of breastfeeding has an impact on infant morbidity and mortality in the short and medium-term. As a public health policy, current maternal and childcare strategies must be kept in order to reduce risks in the pediatric population.


This paper explores how observed and unobserved parental investments compensate for low birth weight. Controlling for family fixed effects, which encompass unobserved parental investment, we find birth weight positively correlates with math and reading scores and these estimates are considerably larger in magnitude than estimates derived from models that do not control for family fixed effects. Additionally, we examine how three specific parental investments - kindergarten entrance age, maternal labor supply, and family size - interact with birth weight in models of child test scores. Of these investments, only smaller family size conveys particular advantage to low birth weight children.


Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a well-known sight-threatening microvascular com-plication of diabetes mellitus. Currently, 93 million people live with diabetic retinopathy worldwide. There are insuf fi cient studies addressing the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and risk factors in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: This institution- based cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 patients. They were selected through systematic sampling. Explanatory data were extracted from medical records and interviews. Blood pressure, weight, height, and visual acuity tests were assessed. Retinal examination was performed with a Topcon TRC-NW7SF fundus camera. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported in to SPSS 20 for analyses. Binary logistic regression with 95% CIs was used for analyses. Simple binary logistic regression followed by multiple binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. Results: There were 302 patients in this study, of which 57 (18.9%) had diabetic retinopathy. Among the diabetic retinopathy patients, 75.4% had the preproliferative type. Four in ten (37.7%) of the patients had visual acuity problems. Poor glycemic control (AOR 4.58, 95% CI 1.86 – 11.31), > 10 years ' diabetes duration (AOR 3.91, 95% CI 1.86 – 8.23), body-mass index >25 kg/m 2 (AOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.83 – 7.66), and hypertension (AOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.64 – 7.02) were factors signi fi cantly associated with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: About a- fi fth of diabetic patients had diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was signi fi cantly associated with glycemic control, hypertension, body-mass index, and duration of illness. Routine assessment and early control of those associated factors may be important in reducing both the prevalence and impact of diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced in the current study.


Background:Antenatal care is a point of entry into the health system for women across Africa and may facilitate the uptake of HIV services among female sex workers (FSWs). This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of motherhood among FSWs, their sexual risks, and their engagement in health care. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2013 among FSWs in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. The study used respondent-driven sampling for HIV testing and behavioral data collection. Predictors of motherhood and the association of motherhood and sex work dynamics were assessed separately using logistic regression. Results:Of the 696 women enrolled, the majority of participants (76.6%, n = 533) had at least 1 biological child. Mothers were more likely to have a nonpaying partner [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 to 2.49], and significantly less likely to currently desire to conceive (aOR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.33). Motherhood was predictive of having reduced condomless vaginal or anal sex with a new client [age-adjusted odds ratio (aaOR), 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.97] in the past 30 days, and increased condomless vaginal or anal sex with a nonpaying partner (aaOR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.96). Motherhood was prognostic of a higher likelihood of ever being tested for HIV (aaOR, 1.89; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.31). Motherhood was predictive of reporting limited difficulty when accessing health services (aaOR, 0.15; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.34). Conclusions:Motherhood is common among FSWs. The results indicate that FSWs who are mothers may have more exposure to health care because of seeking antenatal/perinatal services, presenting important opportunities for inclusion in the HIV continuum of care and to prevent vertical transmission.


The study proposal is to the demonstrate through a formal statistical analysis, the relation of government taxes weight, the total government taxes income and Human Development Index (HDI), allowing the comprehension of how these variables impact the quality of general public services. This paper sees through regression analysis that the mandatory contribution of a larger percentage of society resources would come to an increase of quality of the services to that same society due to the growth of taxes income. Nevertheless, the income increase would be inferior to the ones possible with the use of alternative methods, like economic activities incentives. Therefore this study concludes that increments to mandatory taxes does not correspond to the best way to benefit the general population once that it's not effective as other approaches and can even act as a burden over these last ones.


Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $C^{1,1}$ boundary. We consider problems of the form $-\Delta u=\chi_{\left\{ u>0\right\}}\left( au^{-\alpha}-g\left( .,u\right) \right) $ in $\Omega,$ $u=0$ on $\partial\Omega,$ $u\geq0$ in $\Omega,$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$, $0\not \equiv a\in L^{\infty}\left( \Omega\right) ,$ $\alpha\in\left( 0,1\right) ,$ and $g:\Omega\times\left[ 0,\infty\right) \rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a nonnegative Caratheodory function. We prove, under suitable assumptions on $a$ and $g,$ the existence of nontrivial and nonnegative weak solutions $u\in H_{0}^{1}\left( \Omega\right) \cap L^{\infty}\left( \Omega\right) $ of the stated problem. Under additional assumptions, the positivity, $a.e.$ in $\Omega,$ of the found solution $u$, is also proved.


Recently, there has been much progress in algorithm develop m nt for image reconstruction in cone-beam computed tomography (CT). Current algorithms, including t he chord-based algorithms, now accept minimal data sets for obtaining images on volume regions-of-interest (R OIs) thereby potentially allowing for reduction of xray dose in diagnostic CT. As these developments are relativ ly new, little effort has been directed at investigating the response of the resulting algorithm implementations to physical factors such as data noise. In this work, we perform an investigation on the noise properties of ROI imag es reconstructed by using chord-based algorithms for different scanning configurations. We find that, for the c ases under study, the chord-based algorithms yield images with comparable quality. Additionally, it is observ d that, in many situations, large data sets contain extraneous data that may not reduce the ROI-image variances .


SummaryThe ability of auxin-treated T. scleroxylon cuttings to root was affected by the prior management of potted stockplants. In undecapitated single-stem stockplants more cuttings from upper rather than lower mainstem nodes rooted; a difference paralleled by leaf water potential immediately after severance, although there was also a positive relationship with internode length. The rooting percentage of mainstem cuttings from unpruned stockplants ranged from 15% to 43% whereas that of cuttings from the lateral shoots of pruned stockplants ranged from 40% to 83%. Considerably more cuttings rooted from stockplants which were severely pruned than from those where decapitation removed only the top node; there seemed to be an inverse relationship with the number of shoots per plant and the carbohydrate: nitrogen ratio. However, in tall pruned stock- plants, more cuttings from lower lateral (basal) than from upper (apical) shoots rooted, although the differences between cuttings from basal and apical lateral ...


To investigate vitamin D‐related control of brain‐expressed genes, candidate vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) at ‐7/‐10 kb in human tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)2 were probed. Both VDREs bound the vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐retinoid X receptor (RXR) complex and drove reporter gene transcription in response to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). Brain TPH2 mRNA, encoding the rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, was induced 2.2‐fold by 10 nM 1,25D in human U87 glioblastoma cells and 47.8‐fold in rat serotonergic RN46A‐B14 cells. 1,25D regulation of leptin (Lep), encoding a serotoninlike satiety factor, was also examined. In mouse adipocytes, 1,25D repressed leptin mRNA levels by at least 84%, whereas 1,25D induced leptin mRNA 15.1‐fold in human glioblastoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of the mouse Lep gene in response to 1,25D revealed a cluster of regulatory sites (cis‐regulatory module; CRM) at ‐28 kb that 1,25D‐dependendy docked VDR, RXR, C/EBPp, and RUNX2. This CRM harbored 3 VDREs and single C/EBPβ and RUNX2 sites. Therefore, the expression of human TPH2 and mouse Lep are governed by 1,25D, potentially via respective VDREs located at ‐7/‐10 kb and ‐28 kb. These results imply that vitamin D affects brain serotonin concentrations, which may be relevant to psychiatric disorders, such as autism, and may control leptin levels and affect eating behavior.—Kaneko, I., Sabir, M. S., Dussik, C. M., Whitfield, G. K., Karrys, A., Hseih, J.‐C., Haussler, M. R., Meyer, M. B., Pike, J. W., Jurutka, P. W. 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D regulates expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and leptin genes: implication for behavioral influences of vitamin D. FASEB J. 29, 4023‐4035 (2015). www.fasebj.org


Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of three different kinds of all-ceramic restorations made by CEREC inlab CAD/CAM system.Methods:236 patients with 275 units restorations were enrolled in the study,83 were fabricated with IPS e.max-cad,69were Sirona inCoris AL,and 123 were Sirona inCoris ZI.The restorations were evaluated at baseline,and 6,12,30 months after placement using modified USPHS criteria.Survival rate of the restorations were determined by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical analysis.Results:Increased clinical service time resulted in decrease of survival-rate.While USPHS criteria showed over 90% Alpha scores no matter which material after an observation time up to 30 months.There was no significant difference according to statistical analysis.Conclusion:Within the limited situation,3 kinds of all-ceramic restorations showed satisfactory clinical performance made by CEREC inlab system.


The invention discloses a thermoplasticity environmentally-friendly stone paper and a preparation method. The thermoplasticity environmentally-friendly stone paper comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of inorganic mineral powder, 3-5 parts of surface active ingredient, 2-3 parts of polymer monomer, 0.01-0.05 part of initiator and 5-15 parts of lubrication accessory ingredient, wherein the inorganic mineral powder is at least one of various inorganic mineral powders, such as wollastonite of which the grain diameter is 5-10 mu m, bentonite and the like; the surface active ingredient comprises at least one of anion surface active ingredient comprising inorganic acid ester; and the polymer monomer is one of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and styrene. The thermoplasticity environmentally-friendly stone paper contains 90% of inorganic mineral powder, has favoarble thermoplasticity processing performance and can use the thermoplasticity processing equipment to carry out quick blow molding or calendaring and drawing shaping; and paper has obvious vertical and horizontal orientation, good deflection and strong rigidity, and appearance texture more approaches the traditional paper. The thermoplasticity environmentally-friendly stone paper is a novel environmentally-friendly paper.


The author thinks that public ownership should be comprehensive studied. The public ownership should include national ownership and collective ownership in the form of mixed ownership. The form of public ownership realization should be actively explored. Developmental direction of socialist public ownership should be mastered. This paper puts forward countermeasures in five aspects to adjust economic structure of public ownership. The polymorphism of ownership should be wholly understood.


Cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 8 to 18, 2020, using snowball sampling technique to understand the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting lockdown on the mental health of the people of Assam. Data on demography and mental health status during the lockdown period were collected using online questionnaire. Assessment of mental health status was done using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Frequency of individuals with moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was quite higher than the results obtained during the National Mental Health Survey of India, 2016. Thus, appropriate intervention by mental health professionals is needed to help the population deal with the crisis.


Low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) show variability not just at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, but also in the mid-infrared. The amplitude and time-scale of the brightness variations depend on the underlying physical mechanisms (e.g., dust processing, grain growth) and the structure of the circumstellar material. Variability studies can therefore provide us information on the structure and evolution of circumstellar material and can help to understand the initial conditions for planet formation. We studied the structure of the circumstellar material at a several AU scale around two low-mass YSOs, V1647 Ori and DG Tau. For both objects, we obtained multi-epoch mid-infrared interferometric observations with MIDI (Leinert et al. 2003), the mid-infrared instrument on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (ESO/VLTI). V1647 Ori Background Although many young stars exhibit temporal brightenings possibly caused by fluctuating accretion, the eruptions of the FU Orionisand EX Lupi-type classes of variable stars (FUors and EXors) may represent the most intense bursts (e.g., Hartmann & Kenyon 1996). Such outbursts are characterized by an optical brightening of 2-6 magnitude. FUor eruptions can last from some years to several decades, while EXor-outbursts are usually considered as shorter counterparts of those of FUors (i.e., some months long). The triggering mechanism (thermal and/or gravitational instability) and the difference between the physics of FUor and EXor-outbursts are unclear. It is hypothesized that all low-mass premain sequence stars undergo FUor and/or EXor phases. Thus understanding the physics of the outbursts will shed light on fundamental processes of the early evolution of Sun-like stars and their circumstellar disks (structure, dust composition) and in turn on the changes of the conditions in the disks that govern the formation of planetary systems. One of the bestdocumented and most-studied outbursts in the history of eruptive low-mass young stars is that of V1647 Ori in 2003-2006 (see the references collected by Aspin & Reipurth 2009). V1647 Ori was observed with MIDI at two epochs during its 2003-2006 outburst to investigate the temporal evolution of its circumstellar structure and physical processes related to the eruption (Mosoni et al. 2013). Modeling Optical-infrared SEDs at five epochs were compiled. For modeling we used the MC3D radiative transfer code (Wolf et al. 1999, Schegerer et al. 2008). First, we created a reference model for the 2005 March, and later on modified it to fit the data of other epochs. Our modeling, with a smoothly decreasing accretion rate as a major varying parameter, provided good fits of the SEDs at different stages of the outburst. It is important to note that the inner radii of the dust disk and envelope also had to increase during the transition from quiescence to the outburst peak. The latter finding is clear evidence of dynamical variations in the inner circumstellar environment of V1647 Ori. This dust clearing is likely caused by the evaporation of the dust grains due to the outburst heat. VLTI/MIDI data obtained during both the slow and rapid fading stages indicate a considerable change of the circumstellar structure. In constrast to our expectations, based on our model sequence, the object looked more resolved at the second epoch. Our attempts of changing the disk parameters failed the reproduce the data.The increase of the inner radius of the dusty envelope, i.e., rapid removal of dust from the inner 3 AU of the envelope can be due to wind or outflow processes. Two possible scenarios are: 1. A blown-up sperical cavity scenario is produced at the end of the outburst phase. 2. A warm dust halo disappeared by 2005 September. The cavity was created at the beginning of the outburst and was continuously filled with dust, but was cleared as the wind started to wane. We may also see V1647 Ori in a non-equilibrium situation in 2005 September, when the sudden fading of the central source was not yet followed by the fading of the optically thick circumstellar material. The exact study of such an event would require time-dependent radiative transfer modeling. Fig. 1. Light curves of V1647 Ori. Epochs of MIDI observations are indicated. Fig. 2. Schematic picture of the model geometry of the object (not to scale). The line of sight crosses through the envelope. The inclination of the disk is ~60 degree, the opening angle of the conical cavity is ~50 degree. Parameters of the best model for 2005 March reference epoch. Fitted parameters shown in italics. Model parameters changed for different epochs. Note the change of the inner dust radius between quiescence and outburst. During the outburst the accretion rate decreased continuously. The inner radius of the envelope changed between the epochs of MIDI observations. Fig. 3. Spectral energy distributions of V1647 Ori at five different epochs. Between the outburst epochs only the accretion rate was changed here. Note that the model for 2005 September shown here does not fit the MIDI data. The last panel shows all models. The decrease of the brightness of the object with time, from peak (top) to quiescence (bottom) is continuous. Fig. 4. Fits of SEDs and MIDI data. In the bottom left panel the solid line, in the bottom right panel the open triangles show the model where only the accretion rate was decreased relative to the reference model. The dash-dotted line (bottom left panel) and the filled triangles (bottom middle panel) show the model where the inner radius of the envelope was also increased. In general, our modeling showed that the circumstellar environment of V1647 Ori can be described by a disk and envelope system with parameters that are typical for embedded low-mass YSOs. This finding supports the hypothesis that eruptive YSOs are not peculiar objects, but represent a phase in the evolution of all low-mass YSOs. DG Tau The 10 micron silicate feature is known to show temporal variations in DG Tau. The change could be caused by the variation of the height of the inner rim of the disk. Such variation, via the changing shadowing, should affect the silicate emission of the disk outwards the rim. Dust lifted above the disk by wind can also cause changes, i.e., the silicate emission increases in the inner and decreases in the outer regions. MIDI data allows us to study the mid-infrared emission of DG Tau at different spatial scales, i.e., providing spectra of the inner and outer disk regions. The border between inner and outer regions is defined by the resolution of the observations, i.e., the length of the baselines. DG Tau was observed with MIDI on UT1-UT2 (U12) and UT1-UT3 (U13) baselines with resolutions of a few AUs, at five epochs. Three kinds of spectra were obtained: that of the whole system (total, top left), the inner disk (correlated, top right) and the outer disk (uncorrelated, bottom left).The spectra show slight variations but no strong silicate feature. The total and uncorrelated (outer disk) spectra show weak emission, the correlated (inner disk) spectra absorption. This is consistent with a typical disk system. Variations might be proven by detailed data analysis. However, the continuum subtraction will be difficult. The best quality spectra are shown in the bottom right panel. Errors are shown only at a few wavelength values for clarity. The errors are typically twice higher at the long wavelength end of the N-band in all cases. References: Aspin & Reipurth, 2009, AJ, 138, 1137 ● Bary et al., 2009, ApJ, 706, L68 ● Hartmann & Kenyon, 1996, ARA&A, 34, 207 ● Juhász et al., 2012, ApJ, 744, 118 ● Leinert et al., 2003, ESO Messenger, 112, 13 ● Mosoni et al., 2013, A&A, 552, A62 ● Schegerer et al., 2008, A&A, 478, 779 ● Wolf et al., 1999, A&A, 349, 839 Acknowledgements: The authors thank the ESO/VLTI staff for executing the observations in service mode, Timea Csengeri for obtaining photometry at IAC, Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar and Kees Dullemond for useful discussion, Rainer Köhler for helping with the MIDI data reduction. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 226604. LM and NS are thankful for the support of the Fizeau Exchange Visitor Program through the European Interferometry Initiative (EII) and OPTICON (an EU funded framework program, contract number RII3-CT-2004-001566). Financial support from the Hungarian OTKA grants K81966, K101393 and NN102014 are acknowledged.


In a previous paper' we have shown that each homology class c of the symmetric group Sn provides a topologically invariant operation defined for each cohomology class u of a complex, and it gives a cohomology class un/c called the nth power reduced by c. In this paper we state properties of the simplest of these, namely, those provided by cycles c lying on the cyclic subgroup of Sn of order n. We shall continue with the notation and numbering of the previous paper. 4. Homology Groups of the Cyclic Group.-Let r be the cyclic group of permutations of the factors of Xn, and T its generatorwhich increases the index of the factor by 1 mod n. In the group ring Z(r), set


For a long-time, researchers have been developing a reliable and accurate predictive model for stock price prediction. According to the literature, if predictive models are correctly designed and refined, they can painstakingly and faithfully estimate future stock values. This paper demonstrates a set of time series, econometric, and various learning-based models for stock price prediction. The data of Infosys, ICICI Bank, and SUN Pharmaceuticals from the period of January 2004 to December 2019 was used here for training and testing the models to know which model performs best in which sector. One time series model (Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing), one econometric model (ARIMA), two machine Learning models (Random Forest and MARS), and two deep learning-based models (simple RNN and LSTM) have been included in this paper. MARS has been proved to be the best performing machine learning model, while LSTM has proved to be the best performing deep learning model. However, for all three sectors - IT (on Infosys data), Banking (on ICICI Bank data), and Healthcare (on Sun Pharmaceuticals data), MARS has proved to be the best performing model in stock forecasting.


This study aims to improve student activity and learning outcomes in the subject of Manufacturing Engineering Drawing class XI TPm 3. Observation Results In this subject the teacher is still actively involved in the learning process or commonly called teacher centered. In the learning process the teacher conveys learning using an LCD projector, the teacher gives instructions or examples then students imitate what is exemplified. But in the process students have difficulty following the instructions from the teacher, the teacher must repeat the instructions until the students understand. This takes up a lot of time during the learning process. So there are other topics that the teacher cannot convey to students. Teachers feel unable to deliver teaching materials optimally because of limited teaching hours.The research method used is to apply the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model with the subjects of class XI TPm 3 students. Data collection techniques use evaluations in the form of LKPD in which there is an evaluation of knowledge and performance.The results of the holding of students, pre-test before learning cycle 1 obtained results of 39, only a few students who mastered the function of making and modifying 2D CAD drawings. 9 students who are quite mastered and 30 students who have not mastered. After filling out the questionnaire, it turned out that the reason was that the majority of children did not know about 2D drawing with computer applications


Heterogeneous graph neural network learning hopes to express meaningful graph information through the neural network. Based on the obtained graph information to be applied to connection prediction, recommendation system, etc., this article learns from the academic social network based on HetGNN, combines the journal information and paper information, and expresses it in the form of feature vectors. According to the network learning results based on the VPR model, the Het-VPR model is proposed to apply the neural network to the paper evaluation, and very good results are obtained in the paper evaluation results.


The aim of this study was to apply the PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and PDMS (Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry) techniques to characterize airborne dust particles containing metals. Aerosols generated at a mineral-sand processing plant were characterized in this study. The aerosol samples were collected at a plant that processes mineral sands to obtain rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and monazite concentrates. A cascade impactor with six stages was used to collect mineral dust particles with aerodynamic diameters in the range of 0.64 to 19.4 mum. The particles impacted on each stage of the cascade impactor were analyzed by PIXE, which permits the determination of the elemental mass air concentration and the MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter). The chemical compositions of the aerosol samples were identified by PDMS analysis. This study shows that, by using PIXE and PDMS techniques, it is possible to determine the chemical compounds in which the elements are associated in the aerosol particles. Based on the results of the PIXE analysis, the elemental mass concentrations and the MMADs were determined.


ObjectiveTo assess the t herapeutic effect of biofeedback treatment for different types of functional co nstipation.?Methods32 patients were enlisted to take th e biofeedback training in the clinic. Assessing bowel symptoms, checking colonic transit time and electromyography were made before and after the therapy.?ResultsIn the patients with outlet obstructive constipation (n=20), the symptoms got improved, the colonic transit times decreased, the amplitude of belly and anal contractions increased to varied extents, and the re laxation amplitude reduced. In the patients with outlet obstructive constipation (n=12), the symptoms got improved, the colonic transit time decreased, th e amplitude of belly and anal contractionsl increased, but the relaxation ampli tude reduced only insignificantly.?ConclusionBiofeedba ck treatment is effective for different forms of constipation. It can be one of the most important ways to cure functional constipation.


Using the 2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR data of CloudSat from July 2006 to February 2009,the cloud vertical structure(CVS) over China and its neighborhood(0°~60°N,70°~140°E) were analyzed.Also analysis of cloud vertical structure over 8 regions of China and its neighborhood were performed,respectively.The results show that the multilayer clouds account for 39% of all clouds over the whole region and are predominately two-layer(77%).Multilayer clouds over tropics occur more frequently than over midlatitude,and there are more multilayer clouds in summer than in winter over the Indian Ocean monsoon zone.The average cloud-top and cloud base heights are 8.2 and 5.4 km above mean sea level(MSL),and the average separation distance between consecutive layers is 4.4 km.Furthermore,the average separation distance between two-layer is greater than that between three-layer.The average top height of all clouds over tropics is higher than that over midlatitude,and the zone with maximal cloud-top height of highest cloud layers corresponds to the location of the intertropical convergence zone,shifting from the equator in winter to high latitudes in summer.The mean thickness of cloud layers in the subtropics has remarkable seasonal variations,and there are more cirrus(thin,high) clouds in winter over the whole region.Analysis of the cloud vertical structure over the 8 regions show that the zone of Indian Ocean monsoon,South China Sea and the West Pacific Ocean have the same characteristic of CVS,but differences of CVS among other regions are obvious.


This paper describes an interactive extraction of phonemic variation rules in continuous speech spoken by multiple speakers. To realize a continuous speech recognizer, we must first develop a highly accurate phoneme recognizer. The major problem related to phoneme recognizers is the phonemic variations in continuous speech. Our work focuses on the interactive analysis of phonemic variations in continuous speech and the extraction of the phonemic variation rules for many speakers. We extracted 317 rules related to 21 kinds of phonemic variation phenomena from 10,000 Japanese-language phrases spoken by 10 male speakers. With these rules, 97.6% of 36,000 Japanese-language phrases spoken by 36 test speakers (30 males and 6 females) were correctly segmented by our top-down phoneme segmentation system. Furthermore, a subset of the rules for each speaker was automatically obtained. On average, each subset contains 53.2% of the rules.


TOMATOES, BERRIES AND OTHER CROPS UNDER CONTINUOUS LIGHT IN ALASKA HAVING read of strawberry production in central Alaska under six weeks' continuous daylight in summers , and having seen illustrations in the Alaskan stations' reports of the remarkably vigorous growth of strawberries, the writer became interested in making tests of their growth under continuous artificial light (500 watts) and under a combination of artificial light at night and of daylight for the day periods. After five months (November 11 to April 9) the plants of the several species and varieties used had made a somewhat spindling growth under the continuous artificial light and were not as vigorous as those under the 24-hour combination of artificial light and normal daylight. However, the test did show that it was possible to grow strawberries under continuous artificial light, and with improvement in the intensity and other environmental conditions even more satisfactory growth could be expected. Reports of experimental results in growing tomatoes under artificial illumination have indicated that they reached maximum development with the 12-hour daily light exposure, and were injured by daily light-exposures of 17 or more hours.' A recent paper2 reports-that where light of the same composition as sunlight is reduced to 35 per cent. of full sunlight, tomatoes did best. This would indicate an illumination of 3,500-foot candles as optimum for tomatoes. Continuous illumination, using as low as 150-foot candles, injured tomato plants, but when half sunlight and half artificial light were used the rate of injury was greatly decreased. Though these reports have simply meant to the writer that the laboratory conditions were not the same as out-of-door conditions, recent conversations with others have indicated that many have assumed that tomatoes would not grow vigorously under long days, under continuous light or under full sunlight. However, in the report of the Alaska Agricultural Experiment Stations for 1915 there is a photograph of remarkably vigorous plants growing out-of-doors at Fairbanks, Alaska (64°-0'), less than 2 degrees from the Arctic Circle, and the statement occurs (page 51): Twenty tomato plants were set in the open garden early in June. These plants bore from 6 to 10 pounds to the vine, and about 30 pounds ripened thoroughly on the vines. of plants set June 1 out-of-doors at Rampart, Alaska (lat. 65°-30'), which produced ripe fruit August 1. In the report of the Agricultural Experiment Station for 1918 there is a photograph of …


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a theory based on transaction cost economics to help explain how firms venturing into different foreign markets should properly formulate and implement contractual governance mechanisms to create greater efficiency, lower costs, and minimize conflict with partners.Design/methodology/approach – Defines and discusses a conceptual framework of the determinants regarding contracts and strategies used to manage conflict in foreign ventures through the integration of foreign venture conflict resolution, contract, and transaction cost economics literature.Findings – Suggests that perceived transaction costs will predict which contractual governance mechanism and which conflict resolution strategy a partner firm will choose when resolving conflict in a foreign venture. Postulates that consistency of conflict resolution strategy with contract type will impact the performance of the foreign venture, and that cultural distance, relative power, and interest alignment ...


This book, the first in a new series on ''Gender and Justice,'' edited by Claire M. Renzetti, offers a profoundly feminist analysis of the laws in India that surround and frame marriage and, especially, marital strife and violence, against women, including rape. It focuses on law and gives an account of law reforms in India, intelligently informed by debates within and about feminist jurisprudence, but author Srimati Basu adopts a mainly anthropological approach to her subject.2 Over several years, she conducted an ethnography of the family court (particularly the family court in Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta) as well as the Women's Grievance Cells, managed by the police and mediation agencies. For instance, she ''lurked'' in family court in order to see law at work and to see how people looked and behaved in this legal setting and as they negotiated.3 For Basu, law is a complex phenomenon, one that is a preferred venue of cultural negotiation because of its regulatory power. As she says, ''people narrate their lives through the logic of laws even though they rarely encounter formal cases.''4 As a result, law has the capacity to constitute new subjectivities. People's speech or performances in court or in mediation are not simply ''truths'' or ''desires'' but, rather, are framed by legal strategy.5 Moreover, in a multilingual context, judges may ''translate'' the words of litigants in problematic ways; even their silences can be misinterpreted.6


Objectives: One of the most crucial problems of distributed generation is islanding detection in power system. In this paper, the variation of frequency and THD value of voltage waveform at PCC will be studied for islanding detection diagnosis. Statistical Analysis: Islanding detection methods are classified as local and remote islanding detection. In that local methods are categorized as passive and active methods. These two methods are based on changing in parameters such as frequency, voltage and current harmonics. But these methods have some challenges such as reduction in power quality and large Non Detection Zone (NDZ) whereas remote methods doesn't contains NDZ but not economically suitable for small networks. The studied system was considered by following the standard IEEE-1547 and UL-1741.This work is performed to determine islanding detection in power system. Findings: Whenever the grid disconnects from the power system there will be variations in frequency and THD value of voltage waveform at PCC. These variations will be taken as reference for islanding detection and generates trip signal for DG. Application/Improvements: This work is used in various power system applications. Simulation results using SIMULINK software on the power shows the effectiveness of proposed method.


The special features of electron beam welding of pressed strips of the V-1963-strength aluminium alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system with a thickness of 40 mm are investigated. The results of tests of the welded joints in static tensile loading, bending, and impact toughness of the weld metal are presented. It is shown that the strength of the welded joints equals 0.7–0.8 of the strength of the parent material. The results of investigations of the macro- and microstructure of the welded joints are generalized and it is shown that the welded joints are characterized by the formation of an equiaxed fine-grained structure with the grain size of 5–10 μm.


Abstract : The Multipurpose Arcade Combat Simulator (MACS) is a low cost, part-task simulator/trainer. Using off-the-shelf components, MACS provides the shooter with valuable training feedback about location of bullet strike at various ranges, effects of wind and gravity, etc. The key component in MACS is a specially designed light pen which can be removed from one weapon system (e.g., the M16A1 rifle) and attached to another weapon system (e.g., the M203 grenade launcher or M72A2 light antitank weapon). Hence, MACS is a trainer which can train a variety of tasks on a variety of weapon systems. Recently, preliminary experimental evaluations of the MACS M16A1 rifle, M203 grenade launcher, and M72A2 light antitank weapon were conducted. The results of these evaluations showed positive transfer to live fire for the grenade launcher and LAW, but minimal transfer for the MACS rifle application. Although there were some problems encountered in the field evaluation, the lack of significant positive transfer was surprising given the extensive concurrent training provided on MACS. There was little correlational analysis discussed and such analyses could prove useful in discovering new directions, corrections, and software improvements for MACS. The purpose of this report is to provide additional correlational analyses in an attempt to identify promising new avenues of research and development for the MACS system.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the compliance with the regulatory-driven changes to collateral management and OIS discounting indicating operational and technological challenges faced by global investment banks. As it transpires, collateral management strategies need to be revised to find optimal solutions for the regulatory-driven landscape. Furthermore, set against the regulatory background, this report tests the reliability of OIS discounting and current trends in interbank lending, as well as emergent issues with CSAs. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on an exploratory, qualitative approach to investigate the regulatory-driven collateral management landscape. Findings – The new regulatory framework was viewed by the surveyed banks as a factor influencing strategic planning and operations within collateral management. All surveyed banks pointed to the increased regulatory reporting. The interviewed banks highlighted inconsistencies in implementing the new regulatory ...


Introduction Despite the fact that France is among the winners at the end of World War II, there are a number of chapters for its participation in the combats which are not studied in detail by historians. Among others, we find there the history of the French volunteers who served in the German armed forces. There are some French units relatively well known as the division Charlemagne of the Waffen-SS or the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires françaiscontre le bolchevisme) who participate in struggles against Allied regular troops on the Eastern Front. Nonetheless some other formations are virtually unknown due to lack of a remarkable military performance in the same combat zones. This study is about to fill, at least partially, the gap by tracing the story of one of these units whose activity is also related to Hungary, because during its existence it has conducted its largest military action against Soviet troops in the territory of this country. We can only hope that the presentation of this particular episode enriches the military history of both concerned countries.


Tome's life-story stands as a metonymy for the transformations in Japanese character and sociability from the interwar years until the second decade of post-war recovery and growth. The Insect Woman unflinchingly traces the correlation between the transformation in the psychological processes of the Japanese and the history of Japanese encounters with modernity. The Insect Woman opens Japan to the existence of multiple pasts, presents and possible futures that are incompatible and outside the narratives of official history that form the conditions of shared memory. The scepticism concerning modernization as the elixir of all our ailments is interrelated with another theme, namely, the limitations of 'progress'. The history of post-war recovery as experienced by Tome is not about the advancements made by democratization and the genesis of a new, mature Japanese species being that has overcome all militaristic tendencies, but about how to make the best of given circumstances. Keywords: genesis; Insect Woman ; Japanese; official history; scepticism


A full-semiconductor laser light source device for underwater laser illumination comprises a laser driver, a blue-green semiconductor laser array, a collimating lens, a homogenizing lens, and a zoom optical lens group. The laser driver excites the blue-green semiconductor laser array to output blue-green laser. Collimated laser is output after the blue-green laser is collimated by the collimating lens. The homogenizing lens homogenizes an output light field, and outputs homogenized laser. After the homogenized laser is adjusted by the zoom optical lens group, emission laser is output to illuminate a target. According to the patent, multiple laser units are combined for array laser illumination. By combining multiple laser units, speckles can be suppressed effectively, and the imaging quality of laser illumination can be improved. Matching output wavelengths are selected for illumination according to different water transmittance conditions. Thus, the device has the advantages as follows: the output wavelength and the transmission window match each other; the output power and light field distribution are stable, the output light field distribution is uniform; the reliability is high; and the conversion efficiency is high.


(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 424/725; 424/773; 424/774; 424/776; 424/780 Dechow, F. Separation and Purification Techniques in Biotechnol ogy; 1989, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, pp. 416 and 418.* Nettle: Wikipedia Online: URL <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Nettle> accessed Mar. 16, 2007, pp. 1-5.* Remington et al. Extracta; The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 1918, from Henriette's Herbal Pages URL <http://www. henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/usdisp/extracta.html> accessed Mar. 8, 2007, pp. 1-12 from Henriette's Herbal Pages.* Animal Models (HBV0; Trimera Disease Model Developed for Hepatitis B: Cancerweekly Plus; Atlanta; Feb. 1999 pp. 1-2.* Davis, G. Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C; British Medical Journal; Nov. 2001 pp. 1-3.* Chun-Ching Lin et. al.; Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Boehmeria nivea war: nivea and B Nivea war. tenacissima; 1998; Journal of Ethnopharmacology; vol. 60; pp. 9-17.


,The focus of this work is aimed on enhancing the present design solution of the measurement line that would provide more accurate results and increase the speed and reliability of the recalibrating process of torque tools. Tools considered here are operated by hand, thus subjected to the performance (skill, physical strength and knowledge) of the operator. Since the pulling speed and the force are difficult to maintain or repeat by manual handling results are scattered and differ from expected values. In order to improve this process as well as fulfil compliance with international norms electrically controlled actuating device is considered. Among several analyzed solutions one with gearbox and trapezoidal spindle is chosen to be manufactured and implemented. Device testing has shown enhanced repeatability of the measurement, ease of operation and suitability for implementing automation features.


The Gangdise island-arc granite zone along the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, Xizang may be subdivided into several subzones, generally representing two-phases of magmatism and orogeny in this region. The Himalayan orogeny resulted in the widespread occurrence of the Miocene granitic batholiths nearer to the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The Early Jurassic and Late Cretaceous granites in the northern part of the study area should be relevant, in terms of the spatial distribution, timing of magmatic activity and genetic types of the granites,to the Nujiang Ocean closure and orogeny which may represent a long period of tectonism and magmatism during the Mesozoic.


In the past two decades the U.S. Overseas Supply Base structure has greatly diminished, stretching the supply lines to deployed Navy forces. At the same time rapidly rising shipbuilding costs have caused new combatant ship construction to squeeze out new replenishment ship construction. The result is longer supply lines with fewer assets to support them. Merchant ships show great promise in augmenting Navy replenishment ships in some situations, but now have no interface capability for "at—sea" transfer of dry cargo. The aim of the Merchant Ship Naval Augmentation Program (MSNAP) is to provide adapter packages that provide a merchant ship with this capability on short notice and with inexpensive components. Some conceptual component designs have been developed, and limited feasibility testing has been conducted. However, many of the critical problems yet remain to be solved by the Naval Engineering Community.


Abstract The use of cars by students, as a primary mode for commuting to and from school, has profound effects on school parking requirements and traffic congestion at the peak hour, especially if the school is located inside the residential area, such as Jemur Andayani, This paper aims to recognize the effect of the implementation of various potentials local area traffic management in reducing traffic congestion in Jemur Andayani residential area. The Trafik Plan to analyze eight potentials of local area traffic management. Schemes presents two alternative solutions to alleviate traffic congestion, consisting of opening which are open the access of the new bridge to reduce trip distance (alternative 4) and implementing several traffic lights to control traffic movement at the major intersections (alternative 8). Keywords: local area traffic management, trafikplan.


In this article, we consider $L^{2}$ harmonic forms on a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold $X$ with a nonzero parallel form $\omega$. The main result is that if $(X,\omega)$ is a complete $G_{2}$- ( or $Spin(7)$-) manifold with a $d$(linear) $G_{2}$- (or $Spin(7)$-) structure form $\omega$, the $L^{2}$ harmonic $2$-forms on $X$ will be vanish. As an application, we prove that the instanton equation with square integrable curvature on $(X,\omega)$ only has trivial solution. We would also consider the Hodge theory on the principal $G$-bundle $E$ over $(X,\omega)$.


Research in small-scale internal flow cavitation has produced new understanding of the unsteady and two-phase internal flow in classical spray geometries and some exciting initial demonstrations of new spray control methods. Experiments and computational models from several groups have shown that inlet cavitation is generally present in spray orifices and that the unsteadiness of the cavitation at the inlet of the orifice clearly affects spray properties at the exit of the orifice. Thus, the inlet cavitation is a possible actuation method for spray control. Experiments demonstrate that two modifications, one passive, and one active, near the orifice inlet both have noticeable effects on the droplet size distribution in the resulting spray. Additionally, the driving pressure required to produce hydraulic flip is increased substantially, allowing greater mass flow through a given diameter orifice. Measurements show that the streamwise extent of the cavitation at the inlet is substantially reduced by this step, leading to the increased operating pressure range. This paper reports on the demonstration of these new spray control methods, including a miniature fluidic device to manipulate the cavitation, and therefore, control the spray. This fluidic spray control device can be turned on and off and the strength of this control effect can be modulated.


The present paper discusses how to carry out in the new period the ideological and political work of the Chinese Communist Party in accordance with Comrade Jiang Zemin′s brilliant exposition concerning the work.