We study the evolution and observability of young and compact star clusters near the Galactic center, such as the Arches cluster and the Quintuplet. The star clusters are modeled with a combination of techniques; using direct N-body integration to calculate the motions of all stars and detailed stellar and binary evolution to follow the evolution of the stars. The modeled star clusters dissolve within 10 to 60 million years in the tidal field of the Galaxy. The projected stellar density in the modeled clusters drops within 5% to 70% of the lifetime to a level comparable to the projected background density towards the Galactic center. We therefore conclude that between 20 and 50 clusters with characteristics similar to the Arches and the Quintuplet cluster exist. At young age these clusters are highly collisional. This leads to the build-up of a massive collision runaway in each of these clusters. The mass of the collision runaway easily exceeds several hundred M⊙, and the star will be rotating close to br...


The explosive increase and ubiquitous accessibility of visual data on the web have led to the prosperity of research activity in image search or retrieval. With the ignorance of visual content as a ranking clue, methods with text search techniques for visual retrieval may suffer inconsistency between the text words and visual content. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which makes use of the representation of visual content to identify relevant images, has attracted a lot of attention in recent two decades. Such a problem is challenging due to the intention gap and the semantic gap problems. Numerous techniques have been developed for content-based image retrieval in the last decade, and the purpose of this paper is to briefly summarize and categorize those algorithms. I conclude with a few promising directions for future research.


The terahertz wave is a kind of electromagnetic waves which locates between millimeter waves and infrared lightwaves, and the frequency range is 0.14THz~10THz. Terahertz is used as a carrier wave to communicate with each other because it has large bandwidth which can support Gbps wireless data rates. Therefore, terahertz communication technologies become research hot spots in recent years. However, its still rare in MAC protocol of terahertz ultra-high data-rate wireless networks at present. In order to realize wireless access of ultra-high data-rate under the condition of terahertz carrier frequency, a novel MAC protocol is proposed in this paper. The improved MAC protocol which makes the maximum data rates reach up to 10Gbps or higher is designed by new MAC control mechanisms, new time-slots allocation schemes and new superframe structure. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the new proposed MAC protocol of terahertz ultra-high data-rate wireless networks can operation normally, and the maximum data rate can reach up to 19.2Gbps. This maximum data rate is 2 times higher than 5.78 Gbps which IEEE 802.15.3c can achieve.


Since the discovery of the fraudulent investment case carried out by Doni Salmanan, law enforcement officers then confiscated the financial assets involved in the case. In addition to the ownership of luxury homes, financial assets in banks, to gifts that were given to a number of public figures. There were also several public figures who then voluntarily returned the gifts to police investigators, but the question arose as to whether returning the items could abolish the ongoing legal process. This paper tries to examine these events from the perspective of criminal law theory, law enforcement, and jurisprudence. Then it was found that returning the goods/gifts resulting from a crime does not necessarily negate or abolish the ongoing legal process, but it can be considered by the judge in deciding the case. In addition, for gifts that are still in the possession of the recipient of the gift, it is possible that the gift will be confiscated by investigators for the sake of investigation.


Abstract Four assays were conducted to ascertain the influence of age, length of feeding period and prior dietary regimen on the essentiality of glycine and proline for growing chickens. It was observed that both glycine (in the absence of dietary serine) and proline were essential for maximal performance at all stages of life between hatching and eight weeks post-hatching. The growing chicken appears capable, however, of synthesizing roughly 90% of its proline and 60–70% of its glycine need for maximal growth.


Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors determining fresh fruit and vegetable expenditure in Ireland. The main objective is to estimate a two-part model of various socio-economic and socio-demographic indicators to identify the determinants affecting the expenditure on fresh fruit and vegetables by Irish households. This study employed the most recent Irish Household Budget Survey of 1999/2000. Rationale: The rationale for modelling fresh fruit and vegetables is that they are identified as an extremely important component for a healthy diet. The literature suggests that fruit and vegetable consumption could be vital in preventing ill health. There has been no prior econometric study conducted in Ireland to assess fresh fruit and vegetable expenditure. Therefore, it is vital to determine the factors that affect the purchasing decisions made by Irish household's regarding fruit and vegetables. Secondly, the purpose of the two-part model is to determine whether the decision to purchase produces different results to the decision of how much to purchase. The use of the two-part model is justified since different variables may be identified in influencing the participation and expenditure decisions. This study attempts to distinguish the benefit of employing a two-step analysis in comparison to the traditional one-step (tobit) analysis of food expenditures. This method may improve the understanding of true behavioural patterns of households in relation to food expenditures. Methodology: Due to observed zero expenditures of fruit and vegetables associated with household budget surveys, model considerations are important because simply excluding these would create biased results of the parameter estimates and omit valuable information. The two-part model employed overcomes the problem of censored dependent variables. The model is comprised firstly of a probit model, which is used to measure the factors affecting the participation of Irish households in the market for fresh fruit and vegetables. Secondly, a tobit model is employed to measure the factors that affect how much a household spends on fruit and vegetables. The two-part model employed is adjusted for non-normality and heteroskedasticity of the error terms using an inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of the dependent variable. Results: Most of the results have the appropriate sign and many are significant. Those less likely to purchase fruit and vegetables are male, young, not married, are poorly educated and have no access to a car. Furthermore, households where the spouse works more than 30 hours are less likely to purchase fruit and vegetables. Additionally, smaller households are less likely to purchase both fruit and vegetables. Households without children are also less likely to purchase vegetables. Conclusions: This study highlights the characteristics of those less likely to purchase fruit and vegetables in Ireland. Furthermore, the use of the two-part model is justified since different variables were identified to significantly influence the participation and expenditure decisions separately. The results suggest a two-step analysis can lead to a better understanding of expenditure behavioural patterns and leads to improved results and conclusions.


PURPOSE: A control scheduler system and method is provided to control a multimedia presentation, including text, graphics, sounds and moving pictures, in a time and a spatial space. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a media editor(100), a scenario producing module(200), a network synchronizer(300), a presentation controller(400), and an output synchronizer(500). The media editor(100) enables a user to edit text, graphics, sounds and moving pictures for authoring various multimedia content. The scenario producing module(200) receives the edited data from the media editor(100), and produces a presentation scenario by combining the edited data in a spatial and a time space. The network synchronizer(300) synchronizes the multimedia data output via the scenario producing module(200). The presentation controller(400) outputs control signals for performing a defined scenario based presentation according to a spatial-time relation. The output synchronizer(500) synchronizes a presentation request time with a network transmission delayed time for performing a definite presentation.


Motivated by observational evidence for the existence of flattened or striated structures of very large scale (approx.100 Mpc) in the universe, we study the evolution of nonspherical structures. We set up equations to describe the evolution of a rotating, dust ellipsoid in an expanding universe. We derive solutions for the shape and density evolutions as the ellipsoid expands along with a Friedmann background universe and show that deviations from spherical symmetry are preserved by adiabatic expansion. Analytic expressions are derived to describe the nonlinear evolution of pressure-free ellipsoids. We calculate details of ''pancake'' formation which are relevant for realistic theories of galaxy and cluster formation. In particular, the density collapse at turnaround and the collapse velocity at pancake formation are found to be reduced relative to the spherical case if the initial fluctuations are anisotropic: this may affect kinematic determinations of ..cap omega.. in the local supercluster and also enable galaxies with massive halos to form during the fragmentation of pancakes whose dynamics are dominated by massive neutrinos. Significant deviations from spherical symmetry in the baryon irregularity spectrum might also be naturally associated with primordial isothermal inhomogeneities in a Friedmann universe and their possible origin at the epoch of ''grandmore » unification.'' An exact model for a general relativistic pancake collapse is given, based on an exact solution to Einstein's equations found by Szekeres. This collapse does not pass through a series of ellipsoids and has no symmetries.« less


The Arduino microcontroller is currently one of the favorite tools of makers, and many teachers have used it in teaching or experiments. In addition, light-emitting diode (LED) smart lighting is the worldwide trend in lighting. There are many teaching demonstrations or applications of color addition using LEDs. Furthermore, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a popular emerging technology today, and the sensor is the most important component in the perception layer of the IoT, which makes teaching, research, or application related to sensors very important. Therefore, this study shows that an Arduino microcontroller can be used as an experimental setup for the teaching of light color mixing, light intensity detection, and ambient temperature sensing via a tricolor (red, green, and blue [RGB]) LED and two types of sensors: photoresistors and thermistors. The setup has intuitive, concrete, and multifunctional features, and is expandable, which is different from the typical experimental setup designed for only a single specific purpose. It is also suitable for students learning about light color mixing and sensor-related physics course experiments or demonstrations, whether they be in high school or college.


Adsorption of Hg(II) by kaolinite was investigated as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, and the competitive or complexation effects of ligands (Cl, SO 4 , PO 4 ) and metals (Ni and Pb). Mercury(II) adsorption from a 0.6 μM Hg(II) solution was primarily influenced by pH. The Hg(II) adsorption edge was described by a pH 50 (pH where 50% adsorption occurs) of 3.4 and a pH max (pH where maximum adsorption occurs) of 4.4. At pH values above the pH max , Hg(II) retention decreased with increasing pH. Chloride and Ni shifted pH 50 from 3.4 to 7 and 4.1, respectively. Nickel and Pb reduced the amount of Hg(II) adsorbed throughout the pH range examined. Ionic strength and the presence of SO 4 and PO 4 had relatively little impact on the Hg(II) adsorption envelope. The adsorption of Hg(II) was predicted through the application of the triple layer model (TLM) by assuming that the kaolinite surface was composed of equal proportions of silanol and aluminol groups. The TLM model suggests that the silanol group was responsible for retaining the bulk of the adsorbed Hg(II), through the formation of the =SiO - -HgOH + outer-sphere, and the ≡SiOHg (OH) 2 - and ≡SiOHgCl 0 or ≡SiOHgOHCl - (Cl system) inner-sphere species. The ≡AlO - -HgOH + outer-sphere complex accounted for a small percentage (<15-35%) of the adsorbed Hg(II). The TLM results suggested that Hg(II) adsorption by both ≡SiOH and ≡AIOH sites on kaolinite should be considered to predict adequately Hg(II) retention.


The basic criteria are presented for the design of an optimum earthmoving vehicle cooling system. Cooperation by the vehicle designer, cooling components manufacturer, fan manufacturer, and lab and field test personnel is required to obtain the best compromise. In providing the specified cooling, deaeration and reliability of the radiator and oil coolers for heavy duty off-highway earthmoving vehicles, five categories are important: vehicle design criteria for optimum cooling and air flow; radiator design and installation; oil cooler design and installation; testing; and maintenance.


The present invention relates to a composite rod, producing methods and tools. The present invention describes a composite rod, composite rod holding the two elements apart a predetermined distance and bearing between two of said load element, said two elements such as rails, industrial plants and the like. It also describes the method of manufacturing a composite rod and the tool in the process involved.


Tropical cyclones (TCs) represent a significant threat to people and places of the southwest Pacific (0°–35°S, 135°E–120°W). TC modeling is hindered by exceptionally short TC records (typically from 1970/1982 to present) because the brevity of TC data does not allow us to appropriately quantify TC‐related risk and/or identify long‐term trends/variability. Therefore, in this paper, we derive a series of statistical hindcast models to reconstruct TC counts in the western (135°E–160°E) and eastern southwest Pacific (160°E–120°W) regions to 1855. Reanalysis data representing Indo‐Pacific sea surface temperature variability and genesis parameters required for tropical cyclogenesis were identified and trained on post‐1970 TC observations and applied to the pre‐1970 period. By hindcasting up to an additional 115 TC seasons, using four separate hindcasts, this study offers a unique perspective on historical TC variability and reiterates the need to place the recent downward trend in TC counts within the context of long‐term variability.


CICA Infrastructure Currently, CICA has a distributed cluster. It consists of a set of nodes with Intel Core 2 Duo or Intel Quad Core CPUs and 4 GB or 8 GB of RAM, connected through gigabit ethernet. The batch systems installed are the Sun Grid Engine (SGE) and Condor interface. At present, the Web interface application allows users to queue their jobs into Condor and SGE for subsequent execution by the cluster.


The manipulation of LIBOR by a group of banks became one of the major blows to the remaining confidence in financial industry. Yet, despite an enormous amount of popular literature on the subject, rigorous time-series studies are few. In my paper, I discuss the following hypothesis. Namely, if we should assume for a statistical null, the quotes, which were submitted by the member banks were true, the deviations from the LIBOR should have been entirely random because they were determined by idiosyncratic conditions by the member banks. This hypothesis can be statistically verified. Serial correlations of the rates, which cannot be explained by the differences in credit qualities of the member banks or the domicile Governments, were subjected to correlation tests. A new econometric method--the analysis of the Wigner-Ville function borrowed from quantum mechanics and signal processing--is used and explained for the statistical interpretation of regression residuals.


The effect of triiodothyronine treatment on fatty acid synthesis was investigated in liver and adipose tissue of fed and 48-h fasted rats. In the liver, the thyrotoxic state was accompanied by an increased incorporation of [1-14C]acetyl-CoA to fatty acids and a rise in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, both in the fed and fasted rats. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydro-genase and ATP citrate lyase was also enhanced by triiodothyronine treatment. Liver malate and citrate content was not changed in fed thyrotoxic rats, but was increased in fasted triiodo-thyronine-treated animals. Palmitate oxidation was increased in the liver of the same animals, either fed or fasted.

The rise in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity due to triiodothyronine administration was apparent when assayed both before and after citrate activation in vitro. Maximal activity of this enzyme in the presence of citrate was reached earlier in the liver of triiodothyronine-treated rats.

In adipose tissue, triiodothyronine treatment induced an increase in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase and ATP citrate lyase was slightly but insignificantly increased. Malate and citrate levels in adipose tissue were unchanged by triiodothyronine treatment.

It is suggested that the triiodothyronine-induced simultaneous stimulation of opposing pathways (the synthesis of fatty acids and their oxidation) creates a futile metabolic cycle which contributes to the general energy waste and thermogenesis characteristic of thyrotoxicosis.


Purpose: To add spectroscopicphotoacoustictomography (S‐PAT) to an ultrasound imagingsystem in the mammographic geometry to test whether this minimally invasive and ultimately inexpensive modality can detect and interpret small vascular anomalies, providing information supplemental to that of x‐ray and ultrasound much as is done with MRI. Blood oxygenation and blood volume information from S‐PAT might replace or exceed information provided by MRI resolution, possibly without contrast agents. Method and Materials: The specimen surface is flooded with a <25 ns pulse of light from a tunable, 720–900 nm plus 1064 nm, laser. An 8 cm diameter, 570 element PVDF array in a square grid of 3.2 mm spacing serves as the ultrasound receiver of the thermoacoustic signals produced by optical absorption. 20 channels were multiplexed to acquire the 570 signals. Delay‐and‐sum beamforming produces an image of the thermoacoustic sources. The receiver bandwidth, here 0.4 to ∼3 MHz at −12 dB is critical, as the center frequency from a spherical target is inversely proportional to the object diameter. A 3 mm ID tube of blood was imbedded in porcine tissues, 24mm of fat and 28mm of loin to the 725 nm illuminated surface and 45mm of loin to the receiver. 256 pulses of 70 mJ from a preliminary laser were averaged. Results: The blood tube could be easily discerned at the resolution anticipated for the acoustic frequency from the blood tube and the available receiver aperture. Conclusion: This described example is through optical and acoustical path lengths greater than that required for imaging from each side of most breasts at modest compression. This and similar results in vitro give hope of adequate sensitivity to blood collections in the breast of appropriate spatial frequencies. S‐PAT should be compatible for integration in a combined tomosynthesis/ultrasound/optical breast imagingsystem. Supported by R01_CA91713,


Objective To analyze the incidence of prescription errors in the deployment-related causes and propose preventive measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of our hospital in January 2006~December 2009 deployment of error between the prescribed and proposed specific measures for the situation.Results The human negligence,not to operate is a prescription required to deploy the main reason for errors.Conclusion The deployment of staff by improving the professional quality,and strictly implement the provisions of drugs can effectively reduce the deployment of prescription deployment errors occur.


This invention relates to a method of database constitution for digital television services, characterized in that it comprises a step of tuning to a carrier frequency, - a step of filtering by a demultiplexer (2) of the signal received by the tuner (1) tuned to a carrier frequency (cf) data, - a step of extracting data (NIT actual) representing the information table of the current network, - a step of storing (3) in a table (31) of the triple information consisting of the information table (NIT actual) in carrier frequency, and an identifier: - a step of extracting the data representing the service table (SDT actual), - a step of storing (3) of threefold consisting of the service table (SDT actual), carrier frequency (cf) and the identification of the SDT service table; - a step of searching by the tuner (1) of the carrier frequency next and reiteration of PWT preceding es to scan the entire frequency range.


The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Role of Social Media
Abstract The starting point of this thesis is an observation of the increasing impact of business activity on the environment and society, and seeking ways to reconcile both business interests and those of society as a whole. In this sense, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), i.e. the voluntary adoption by companies of commitments to achieve the triple benefits of economic, social and environmental sustainability, is currently the main tool within the business context to reach this goal. However, after several decades of development, CSR is far from achieving its objectives and the scepticism about these practices, often perceived as mere marketing activities, increases. CSR requires a kick start that involves, by necessity, to: (1) make it clear and credible for all social and economic actors, which implies further development of its theoretical and conceptual framework; (2) analyze it in the current context, when new technologies of information and communication are changing the way we live and do business; and (3) further study the relationship between CSR and financial performance, since the acceptance and expansion of CSR policies largely depend on this relationship. Our dissertation addresses each of these issues, and our empirical analysis focuses on the Spanish banking sector in the aftermath of the last financial crisis.
In Chapter 1, "The Illusion of CSR: Drawing the Line between Core and Supplementary CSR", we study how companies and stakeholders engage in social media communication to discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We analyze the content of over a million microblogs on Twitter associated with the Spanish banking sector. We focus on key issues considered by banking institutions in their CSR reports, which we classify into Core or Supplementary CSR regarding their connection or disconnection with the core business activities of banking firms. We present evidence that CSR information has a relevant presence in social media. Our evidence suggests that internal users' information is opportunistic as their microblogs are biased towards favourable information. We also show significant differences between the information interests of internal and external users. Core CSR information is mainly referred to by outsiders, whilst insiders mainly communicate Supplementary CSR information. Finally, we provide evidence that firm size, listing status and impact on society are important determinants for firm-initiated communication in social media.
Chapter 2, "Stakeholder (Dis)Engagement in Social Media: The Case of Twitter™ and the Spanish Banking Industry", studies how companies and stakeholders engage in social media communication to discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We analyze the content of over a million microblogs on Twitter associated with the Spanish banking sector. We focus on key issues considered by banking institutions in their CSR reports, which we classify into Core or Supplementary CSR regarding their connection or disconnection with the core business activities of banking firms. We present evidence that CSR information has a relevant presence in social media. Our evidence suggests that internal users' information is opportunistic as their microblogs are biased towards favourable information. We also show significant differences between the information interests of internal and external users. Core CSR information is mainly referred to by outsiders, whilst insiders mainly communicate Supplementary CSR information. Finally, we provide evidence that firm size, listing status and impact on society are important determinants for firm-initiated communication in social media.
In Chapter 3, "The Effects of Social Media Activism on Stock Markets", we study the consequences of external stakeholders' activism within the thriving environment of social media. Building on King and Soule (2007) and based on social movement theory, this study assesses the influence of activism on the stock market performance of the targeted firms. In particular, we focus on information published on Twitter™ by two critical external stakeholders: consumer associations and trade unions. To the extent that social media represent a valid medium to mobilize stakeholders' activism, protests on Twitter may damage firm reputation and legitimacy, leading to capital market reactions. Using a corpus of over 1.5 million tweets belonging to Spanish listed banking groups, we study the impact of activism by looking at targeted firms abnormal variations in price and trading volume. Our findings suggest that the activism of key stakeholders in Twitter has a significant impact on investors' decisions. Further, our empirical analyses indicate that the mechanisms to affect investors' behaviour differ depending on the characteristics of the external stakeholder group.
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a firm learns through analytics. Analytics which started as business intelligence two decades ago has turned the firm into a data driven company. Analytic metamorphoses itself into a service where the term Analytic-a-a-Service (AaaS) comes from. Analytics that are provided by consultants to a firm - to solve analytics need of the firm with their data - in a state-of-the- art manner shows up into a business model. AaaS value proposition serves clients with analytics on demand, in which the clients pay for the use of analytical solutions as a service from cloud service providers. The value propositions converge into three groups of characteristics: hosting, full stack, and expose. While the AaaS is evolving into a more and more commoditized service, it poses an intriguing question whether any of the three value proposition characterizing the business model will come out a winner. This article brings out the spectrum of the offering with regard to AaaS: how they are offered, and proposes a framework where a company can use it to assess the winning business model of the said services.


A case is reported where cerebellar signs in the absence of opsoclonus were associated with occult neuroblastoma. Analysis of the method of diagnosis in previously reported cases reveals the high yield from thorough physical examination supplemented by careful examination of roentgenograms of the chest and abdomen; this combination is recommended whenever unexplained or atypical cerebellar signs are present in a young child.


This study investigated the occurrence of shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in Swedish dairy milk. A total of 302 inline milk filters were analyzed. Salmonella was not isolated from any filters. Polymerase chain reaction screening detected thermotolerant Campylobacter in 30.5% of the milk filters analyzed and it was isolated from 12.6% of filters. The stx genes (stx ₁, stx ₂, or both) were screened from 71% of the filters and STEC was isolated from 14% of these. Of the STEC isolates, 21 contained the stx ₁ gene, 19 the stx ₂ gene, and five a combination of both stx ₁ and stx ₂ genes. Whole genome sequence typing on 34 of the 45 STEC showed that they belonged to 21 different serotypes, of which STEC O145:H28 was the most common (2%). STEC O157:H7 was only found from one (0.3%) of the filters. A combination of stx ₂ and eae genes was found from 0.7% of the total number of inline milk filters analyzed, while stx ₂ₐ was found in 24% of the whole genome‐sequenced isolates. There was a significant positive correlations between number of animals per farm and presence of pathogens on milk filters.


1. A method of converting heat into electricity by thermoelectric effect, wherein at least two, preferably greater number of thermal elements, each consisting of at least two different, causing the Seebeck effect and designated as http://multitran.ru/ ? c / m.exe t = 713178_2_3 materials are interconnected in series or in parallel or in a combination of the two circuits, each thermocouple has a heatable contact position, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) heating a contact place is compared with http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=713178_2_3 contact surface of less than 5% "averaged total conductive cross-sectional area" from the following relationship: where denote: π = average total conductive cross termoparyV section both branches http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=713178_2_3V= volume = volume of conductive http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=713178_2_3l= length http: // multitran .ru / c / m.exe? t = 713178_2_3l = http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=713178_2_3;б conductive length) supplied from the outside the heat energy is supplied directly to only the contact sites or to, respectively, contact surfaces, images nnym contact points, c) supplied from the outside the thermal energy is fed directly only to the places of contact or, respectively, to the formed contact place the contact surfaces only in limited quantity, which corresponds to an energy equivalent generated corresponding thermocouple electric power, including losses arising due to heat in adjacent http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=713178_2_3.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a seal member whereby limit per


This article is intended to identify the complex process of children's art making by bringing new methodologies into the analysis of children's pictures. This article analyses the art-making process of a selected drawing by a five-year-old boy. The study builds on previous findings regarding children's verbal discourses during the art-making process in terms of aspects of learning and suggests a possible method of combining two approaches, visual and verbal discourse analyses. In the process of creating one picture, the focal child, Daniel, made a series of drawings that revealed his own interests and included other voices. In doing so, he used the picture as a mediation tool to reflect several children's personal stands, their interactive process and the larger social discourse.


The rapid advances of all forms of communication have emphasized with an unbelievably uniform impact the great relevancies of our society. Sectionalism and local priorities have been swiftly leveled under the furious onslaught ofthose ideas which have exploded simultaneously across America. One of the most significant of these great relevancies is the right to medical care—the equality of opportunity which dictates that all must have the best ofmodern medicine. Every single medical institution, every health professional, and especially, every new graduate in medicine or an allied health field must be deeply aware of this fact. This philosophy will drastically affect, ifnot control, much ofwhat will be done, can be done, and must be done.


The small town development of Inner Mongolia has come into a rapid period since the "ninth-five" plan,up to the end of 2002,there were 431 organized towns and 726 market towns in Inner Mongolia,the population in organized system towns was 2,521,700,among which the non-agriculture population occupied 66.60%.But there still exist some problems delaying the further development of these towns,They are: ① The needed resources such as water,intellect,capital are hard up,the resource collocation contradiction and the waste status are serious.In 2001,the daily consumption of tap water for residential use was 136 L per capita in Inner Mongolia,whereas the national average level was 216L.The people with senior professional certification were only in the proportion of 5.6%,which was less than the national average level by one percent.② The number of the towns is few,the size is small and the quality is low,the base is infirmness.In 2001,the organized town was in the proportion of 2.33%,and the town density was 3.57 per 10,000 km2,far less than the national average level of 18.84 per 10,000 km2 and the east area average level of 64.9 per 10,000 km2.Further more,the average net living space of the township resident and the percentage of population which can access to the tap water fell behind the national average level.③ The industry structure is not reasonable,the secondary and tertiary industry develop slowly.In 2001,the percentage of secondary and tertiary industry in GDP was 76.8% in Inner Mongolia,the percentage of secondary and tertiary industry employee was 46.1%,less than the national average level of 84.7% and 50% respectively.④ The building land expands rapidly,the degree of intensive utilization is low.The constructed areas increased from 118,877 ha in 2000 to 132,360 ha in 2002,with the average increase being 4,494.33 ha per year.The expanding speed of constructed areas exceeds the speed of population increase;the land increase flexibility coefficient is 1.14.⑤ The planning and construction are lack of scientific quality,the policy system and the managing manner can not keep pace with the development.Aiming at the restricting factors and the main problems of the town's development and construction,this paper puts forward the countermeasures such as: ① Work out scientific planning,give prominence to the key points,materialize the town's characteristics.② Attach importance to the resources development and protection,optimize resource collocation.③ Adjust industry structure,expedite economy flourish of town.④ Improve the population diathesis,reform the system of household register.⑤ Increase investment channel,reinforce the construction of infrastructure.⑥ Reinforce the management and improve the environment.


I l l S S s l i Those f a t a l pastel-coloredI » ttnd 1 rds may not be good for much ! Q ,'TM"";' SOFIA — Yugoslavia s premier and prime minister were reported T h u r s day night in this Bulgarian capital to have been called to Berlin to con! fer upon the possibility of moving Nazi land forces through part of the Balkans for a campaign against the Greeks. ATHENS—The (ireek high command slated Thursday that, advances were continuing in the central Albanian ca except to be pasted in a scrapbook, but they can be put'to good use tomorrow night at the Saturday Night Dance. This traditional affair makes a farewell


Background: People with severe mental illness have the ability to live a satisfactory and independent life with the help of the community. Their adaptation to life's challenges is a dynamic process, and the community plays an important role. This research, therefore, aims to address the question of how social capital, demographic factors, and coping strategies affect the community's ability to adapt to people with severe mental illness. Design and methods: The multi-stage random sampling was used to obtain data from 137 respondents from rural society using an analytic observational design and cross-sectional approach. In addition, the Somers' D test was used to measure the effect of social capital, demographic factors, and coping strategies on community adaptation. Results: The results showed a significant effect of social capital, demographic factors, and the coping strategy of community adaptation (P<0.05). Based on empirical research, access to social capital is critical in fostering community adaptation through its social participation, network, trust, coping strategies, and cooperation. Conclusions: In conclusion, social capital, demographic factors, and coping strategies are significant factors in developing community adaptation of people with severe mental illness. Significance for public health People with severe mental illness (PSMI) have difficulties in carrying out daily tasks, therefore, they tend to avoid social interaction. A strong sense of community provides opportunities for PSMI to learn new skills, thereby encouraging an independent life style. The ability of communities to understand the stress experienced by PSMI, enables them to tackle the constraints. This study answers the question associated with the social capital, demographic factors, and coping strategies of communities in coping with mental ill people.


Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandThe first evidence of high-energy particles from the Sun was obtained 50 years ago when Forbush [1946] used sea-level ion chambers to study the large solar events of February and March of 1942. Over the next 20 years, observation of these solar energetic particle (SEP) events using neutron monitors and riometers (that measure radio opacity of the ionosphere) and, later, with detectors on balloons and satellites, led to an extensive body of knowledge on the time profiles, spectra and particle abundance in the large events. Meanwhile, there was already a rich history of the study of solar flares spanning 100 years since the first observations reported by Carrington [1860]. With no knowledge of the existence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) [Kahler 1992], it was tempting to assume that the particle acceleration somehow occurred in spatial and temporal conjunction with the solar flare itself. Thus the "solar flare myth" [Gosling 1993] of particle acceleration began nearly 30 years ago.


This paper analyzes the labor shifting phenomenon in Indonesian labor market. Labor shifting phenomenon in developing countries, including Indonesia, is considered to be the reason of stable movement from the supply perspective. By using Sakernas data year 1998-2008, this paper analyzes the labor shifting phenomenon, both the direction of labor movement and the characteristics of the shifting labor. The main conclusions obtained in this research are, first, there is no structural break in Indonesian labor market. Second, although most of labors tend to remain in the same sector or intra-sector, the analysis shows there is tendency for the labor to move from non formal sectors especially to Agricultural and Trade sectors. Third, the model estimation result with a series of controlled category shows the biggest three probability of not shifting and remaining in the same sectors are in Electricity sector (70,15%), Financial sector (55,8%) and Mining sector (53,13%). On the other side, the biggest labor mobility opportunity to conduct shifting is on Industry sector (80.14%), Construction sector (64.3%), and Transportation sector (62.4%). JEL classification : J23, J62, J64 Keywords : Demand for Labor, Job Mobility, Labor shifting, Unemployment


Short-term traffic forecasting is one of the key functions in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Recently, deep learning is drawing more attention in this field. However, how to develop a deep learning based traffic forecasting model that can dynamically extract explainable spatial correlations from traffic data is still a challenging issue. The difficulty mainly comes from the inconsistency between static model structures and the dynamic evolution of traffic conditions. To overcome this difficulty, we proposed a novel multistep speed forecasting model, Dynamic Graph Filters Networks (DGFN). The major contribution is that the regular pixel-wise dynamic convolution is extended to graph topology. DGFN has a simple recurrent cell structure where local area-wide graph convolutional kernels are dynamically computed from varying inputs. Experiments on ring freeways show that DGFN is able to precisely predict short-term evolution of traffic speed. Furthermore, we theoretically explain why DGFN is not a pure "black-box", but a "gray-box" model that actually reduces entangled spatial and temporal features into one component representing dynamic spatial correlations. It permits tracking real-time interactions among adjacent links. DGFN has the potential to relate trained parameters in deep learning models with physical traffic variables.


Purpose – Knowledge management can play a vital role through ensuring the availability and accessibility of accurate and reliable disaster risk information when required and through effective lesson learning. Identification of key disaster knowledge factors will be an enabler to manage disasters successfully. The purpose of this paper is to present key knowledge factors relating to disaster management cycle, and explore a few challenges relating to identified disaster knowledge factors.Design/methodology/approach – A list of disaster knowledge factors was first identified through a comprehensive literature review and later semi‐structured interviews were conducted among few disaster management practitioners to explore the influence and challenges relating to identified knowledge factors.Findings – Technological, operational/managerial, economic, social, legal and environmental factors seem to have direct influence over the disaster management cycle, while the influence of institutional and political facto...


To solve stoichiometry, e.g. when reducing "microscopic" reactions to "macroscopic" ones, one should probably vary one's point of view from focusing on molecules to attending their masses.


Introduction: Mozambique's Community Health Worker (CHW) or Agentes Polivalentes Elementares in Portuguese (APE) in Mozambique was reinitiated in 2010 after an unsuccessful first attempt decades prior. Years after this reinitialization, the Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MoH) and other interested parties sought to understand how the implementation of APEs interventions is progressing. Given its low coverage of many health intervention, the province of Zambézia was of specific interest.Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study in six districts of the Province of Zambézia, namely: Ile, Inhassunge, Milange, Mocubela, Mulevala and Pebane. We designed a questionnaire based on government plans, APE training material, and best practices for the implementation of CHW programs found in the literature. We conducted descriptive analysis to summarize the different components of the APEs program according to responses.Results: A total of 144 APEs were interviewed, of which 67% were male, 63% aged between 18 to 39 years, 60% had a first cycle of education and 46% had worked as APEs for 5 or more years. While 91% reported having received training after their initial training, only 19% had received training in the past 3 months. Only 48% of APEs replenished their kits every month, and stock-outs of medications ranged from 19% to 92%, with expired medication being found for 5-13% of the medications. Although the quality of supervision appears high with APEs reporting service delivery observation (88%), discussion of work performance (81%) and work-related problems (91%), checking of supplies (90%), review of records (93%), and praise (92%) during their last supervision, only 59% of our sample reported having had their last meeting with their supervisor less than 1 month ago.Conclusions: While there have been some successes in this renewed implementation, challenges persist around ensuring the proper implementation of the program as it is designed. Additionally, a review of the program to match the current realities of field (e.g., increased population per APE, increase of the stipends) is becoming increasingly necessary.


The goal is to use the hot bar method to join the conductive lines of a flexible interposer with copper wires, which are located inside of the catheter wall. These copper wires with a diameter of 150 μm were integrated during the extrusion process of a polyethylene catheter with a diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The wires will be used as signal and power lines. Because the copper wires located inside the catheter wall, the polyethylene material above the copper wires must be removed for joining the interposer copper lines. The material ablation was done by a femtosecond laser. Detailed knowledge about the heat sensitive handling with the polyethylene catheter must obtained before start the joining procedures. For the setup of the final joining procedure, there were used different types of test vehicles. With the help of the test vehicles the joining method is evaluated. Therefore, a hot bar stamp is placed at the back of the polyimide layer. The investigated parameters of the hot bar are stamp temperature, stamp force and time. After the setup analysis of the sensor test vehicle, the optimal joining parameters will be discovered and the flexible interposer and the copper wires inside of the catheter wall could be joined in future steps. Finally, non-destructive (ultrasound, x-ray) and destructive methods (tweezer pull test, microsection) will be investigated to evaluate the joining quality and quantity of the test vehicle and the final sensor catheter.


This paper extends the application range of the predicate-oriented modular synthesis approach proposed by Ramadge and Wonham. From the practical requirements and for the simplicity of synthesis, we develop Iwo approaches, i.e. the Structuratized Control approach and Overlappingly Structuratized Control approach, to synthesize large scale DEDS which consists of many synchronous subsystems. It is pointed out that the proposed approaches are feasible in both computation and implementation.


The sensitivity of three low-frequency (<1 GHz) ground-penetrating radar attributes commonly used to infer the amount of fines present within railway ballast was evaluated using synthetic datasets. Variations in ballast thickness, saturation, and subballast material type are not often considered during laboratory or small-scale (few kilometres of track) field studies. If ground-penetrating radar were to be applied as a ballast degradation detection tool on a subdivision (hundreds of kilometres) scale, it is critical to assess the impact variations these track foundation conditions will have on the inferred amount of fines present within the ballast. In this analysis, a two-layer (ballast and subballast) track foundation model was incorporated into a series of ground-penetrating radar simulations where the physical dimensions and electromagnetic properties of the model were systematically varied. It was through the electromagnetic properties that the volumetric amount of fines and moisture present within the ballast and the type of subballast material were altered. The ground-penetrating radar response of each model was simulated using a finite-difference time-domain solver for Maxwell's equations (gprMax). The amount of fines present in the ballast was then inferred through attributes calculated from the synthetic ground-penetrating radar measurements and related to the known model input. This comparison revealed that ambiguities in the ground-penetrating radar attribute amplitudes were common. Specific ground-penetrating radar attribute amplitudes could not be uniquely associated with the known amounts of fines present within the ballast as the other conditions in the track foundation (ballast saturation, ballast thickness, and subballast material) were varied. As such, a quantitative and reliable estimation for the amount of fines present within ballast using ground-penetrating radar measurements over large scales would be difficult without first constraining the variability in the track foundation.


MOS device in space low-dose radiation response can be predicted by using linear system theory techniques. According to the prediction result, under same bias conditions during radiation and anneal, the threshold-voltage shifts caused by high dose-rate irradiations following room temperature anneal were equal to that of low-dose-rate irradiations within the limits of error, but both total times were same. On the other hand, we re-evaluated the method 1019.4 test procedure. And some advice on evaluating the oxide trapped charge and interface trapped charge effect are given.


The international migration of labour has become a burning issue with multi-dimensional implications that are attracting wide attention, at local, national and transnational levels. Wherever migration occurs, from Mexican workers in the United States, to Egyptians in Saudi Arabia, to Poles in Germany, each example showcases how the cross-border movement of labour contests the embedded social, political and cultural structures and values of both the labour-sending and labour-receiving countrie...


The fluorescence excitation spectrum of live phytoplankton cells represents the portion of light absorbed that has been effectively transferred to chlorophyll a of photosystem II, whereas light absorbed by photoprotective pigments will not lead to fluorescence. Therefore, the in vivo fluorescence excitation spectrum of phytoplankton has been used as a proxy for the action spectrum of phytoplankton in computations of primary production in the ocean. The distribution of chlorophyll a between photosystems, as well as variations in the pathway of energy inside the photosynthetic membrane, can also influence the fluorescence excitation spectrum. In this study, we investigated the contribution of photoprotective pigments to the differences found between in vivo absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra of phytoplankton measured during two cruises: one from Las Islas Canarias to Nova Scotia and another in the Labrador Sea. A comparison of normalized fluorescence excitation and absorption spectra showed high variability in the difference between absorption and fluorescence in the blue region of the spectrum for samples from the two cruises. This difference was not entirely correlated with the concentration of photoprotective carotenoids. In this paper, results are interpreted in terms of differences in pigment composition and known patterns of energy distribution in the photosystems of different algal groups.


Based on calculation and analysis of conventional static correction error in the theoretical model for typical low velocity zone rolling terrain, this paper points out that adopting the conventional static correction method to proceed low velocity zone static correction under the condition of low velocity zone rolling terrain would lead to rather prominent correction error, which is expressed not only in generating spurious phase axis feature phenomenon, but also in causing wrong longitudinal and latitudinal velocity change in reversion velocity. It is also demonstrated in this paper that the low velocity zone static correction error is mainly related to such factors as the shot detector separation, the depth of target strarum, the curvature and form of the bottom boundary and the velocity difference between the low velocity zone and the bodrock.


This paper is an attempt to elucidate the regional character of the Malia-Lasithi state, one of the early states of Minoan Crete. The center of this state, the palace of Malia, was constructed, as also at Knossos, Phaistos, and perhaps Zakros, during the Middle Minoan 1 period (ca. 1900 B. C.). The territorial extent of the Malia-Lasithi polity has hitherto been hypothesized on the basis of the regional distribution of artifact styles, most notably in pottery; however, this process of placing dots on a map provides limited information. Of the various sites that are thus identified as possibly falling within the territory of Malia, the relatively distant site of Myrtos Pyrgos stands out by virtue of its abundant deposits of pottery, showing very strong stylistic similarities with Maliote pottery. In this study detailed comparisons of the MM IIB pottery from Myrtos Pyrgos and Malia (Quartier Mu) are presented, integrating typological, stylistic, technological, and compositional data. It emerges that indeed much of the fine tableware is so close as to be practically identical; it is, nevertheless, made locally at each of the two sites. Storage and transport vessels suggest substantial trade throughout the region but rarely between Malia and Myrtos Pyrgos. Production of other coarse wares and cooking ware is quite different at the two sites. The ceramic and other evidence suggest that Malia may not have been at the head of a centralized state, exercising economic and political control over Myrtos Pyrgos, as previously believed. Rather, any power it held at the regional level may have been based more upon ideology than economy, and the Malia-Lasithi state may be better characterized as a decentralized state.


Introduction Compounds of heavy metals, particularly of lead, zinc and cadmium as well as copper, arsenic and chromium are noxious substances getting into the environment [1]. These metals and their combinations can be one of the most dangerous forms of environment contamination. This is the worldwide problem resulting from the industrial development [2]. The main sources of water contamination with heavy metals are the plants dealing with mining, processing, enrichment and recovery of metals and their compounds. Significant share is connected with the factories which use heavy metals in technological processes among others, in production of paper, fertilizers, in foundries and steel plants, in car and aviation industries [3]. Due to migration and cumulation, plants, animals and indirectly humans are exposed to toxic action of heavy metals [4]. Since chelating agents of new generation were commercially available, the idea has aroused to combine their application with the studies of heavy metal ions removal from sewages. Due to the ability of formation of anion complexes between heavy metal ions and chelating agents the combination of this type can be removed by means of sorption methods using many anion exchangers or chelating ion exchangers. The proposed method for purification of sewages from heavy metal ions is simple and effective. Moreover, it does not give dangerous side products. The above mentioned complex ones are characterized by good biodegradability and what is more, they are not toxic and do not create additional threat for the environment. So far few papers have been Publisher on sorption of heavy metal ions on anion exchangers in the presence of complexing agents. One of them is on the studies by Nelson et al. about alkali metals as well as Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) sorption in presence of EDTA on the anion exchanger Dowex 1x4 [5]. The studies of applying the chelating agents such as EDTA, NTA or citric acid are carried out also by Bolto, Clifford and Dudzińska [6]. They proved that in the case of sorption of the [Pb(edta)]2and [Cd(edta)]2complexes, polyacrylic anion exchangers are characterized by greater effectiveness than those of polystyrene matrix. Juang and co-workers proved that it is possible to apply Amberlite IRA 400 in Cu(II) sorption in the presence of EDTA [7].


Gerhard van den Heever presents the history of the journal Religion & Theology, from its start as an in-house theological journal for the University of South Africa to its current frame as an international publication for the transdisciplinary study of religion and theology as discourse formation. Van den Heever presents insights into the journal's management and shares insights for those interested in submitting their research.


Containerized Sitka spruce, [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] were inoculated at sowing with pure cultures of either Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Laccaria laccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk. & Br., Astraeus p t e r i d i s ( S h e a r ) F e l l e r , A m a n i t a p a n t h e r i n a ( D . C . e x F r . ) Schumm., or Cenococcum geophilum Fr. Seedlings were grown in 66-cubic centimeter cells for 6 months in greenhouses at Corvallis, Oregon, and Petersburg, Alaska, and environmental growth chambers at Juneau, Alaska. At Corvallis, Petersburg, and Juneau, respectively, 100, 85, and 100 percent of the seedlings inoculated with L. laccata and 100, 80, and 98 percent, of those inoculated with C. geophilum formed mycorrhizae. were mycorrhizal at and Petersburg, respectively, were 92, 38, and 77 for L. laccata, and 91, 7, and 12 for C. geophilum. Positive mycorrhizal formation by the other test fungi could not be confirmed at any location.


Abstract A waterspout funnel and spray ring were observed under a cumulus line over the Great Salt Lake for about 5 min shortly after sunrise on 26 June 1985. Videotaped features strongly suggested that the funnel rotation was anticyclonic, These observations have been used as the basis for a study of the initiation and evolution of waterspouts through a series of numerical experiments at two scales, that of a cloud and a waterspout. The cloud scale has been simulated using an improved Goddard-Schlesinger model with nearby Salt Lake City soundings. The main model improvements have been 1) a parameterized, three-class ice phase and 2) a line initialization in addition to the more common axisymmetric buoyant bubble. Cloud-scale vortex pairs developed for each mode of initiation, but a much stronger, more upright, low-level anticyclonic vortex grew from the line initiation than from the bubble. However, cumulus-scale vortices are common while waterspouts are rare, and the real test of a model is whether a wa...


Functional movement disorders (FMDs) encompass a broad range of abnormal movements (e.g., tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, and parkinsonism) that are clinically inconsistent with known neurologic diseases. Although they account for 16% of new referrals to neurology clinics,1 the pathophysiology of FMDs is poorly understood. In addition, FMDs represent a serious challenge for clinicians in terms of diagnosis and management. One of the key clinical features of FMDs is that the abnormal movements can be eliminated by distraction maneuvers.2 Susceptibility to distraction is typical of voluntary movements, and yet patients with FMDs report that the movements are not under their control. This discrepancy between behavioral findings and patient reports may indicate that the symptoms are feigned or that there is a disruption in the brain processes related to self-agency, the subjective sense of controlling one's actions. A behavioral analogue of self-agency may be alexithymia (impaired ability to read one's own emotional state), which is also found among those with FMDs.3


The concept of COPD as a systemic disease has been widely accepted in the past several years. In parallel, it has been emphasised that COPD morbidity and mortality is strongly related to co‐morbid conditions.


We have attempted in this experiment to determine the extent to which the addition of glucose to solutions of arsphenamin and neoarsphenamin would retard oxidation of the solution, and thus prevent deterioration on standing. Glucose has a distinctly reducing action, and it and other sugars have been employed abroad to stabilize solutions prepared in ampules so that the drug could be dispensed in this form without undergoing degeneration or change. The results indicated below are to be interpreted strictly in accordance with the conditions of the experiment, and do not apply to solutions which are kept in a vacuum in sealed ampules. A later publication will deal with this subject. There is reason to believe that arsphenamin is therapeutically more active than neo-arsphenamin, dose for dose. Nevertheless, the ease of employment of neo-arsphenamin and the better manner in which it is ordinarily tolerated by patients, have led to its more


The damaging impact of various chemicals and exposure conditions on concrete materials was investigated, especially in concrete facilities in long time of exploration. This study includes a preliminary analysis of chemically treated water in existing concrete structures, and another after the application of the method and using materials for the structures in future. For repair of existing reinforced structure, new technologies of polymer carbonated materials are used. One of the priorities was to examine the existing concrete structures by using non destructive and destructive methods. After that, based on the results of the analysis, adequate new materials are proposed for the repairs, most commonly new technology polymer carbonated materials, in order to achieve durability of structure elements in using technological processes. Behaviour of the repairing structures was tested using the in situ methods, and especially pull-of test, to verify the adhesion force between the old concrete structures and new applied layer. After the repairing, the concrete structures will be monitored to record the behaviour under the chemical treated water.


Lean production is proved to be an effective tool for companies to improve continuously and is widely studied from both practical and theoretical perspectives. However, most previous studies of lean production are limited to internal operations of a company. The research in this paper aims to explain the relationship between electronic-enabled supply chain integration and the adoption of lean production. A theoretical model with six hypotheses was proposed based on the innovation diffusion theory (IDT). The model was empirically tested with data from 558 manufacturers. The results show that: (1) IDT can explain lean production adoption; and (2) electronic-enabled supply chain integration positively influences the perceived relative advantage of lean production and consequently leads to its long-term adoption. This study uses IDT to explain lean production adoption with the influence of electronic-enabled manufacturing supply chain (EMSC). The study also has a practical implication that may change the supply policy in future practices, as companies may require their suppliers to implement EMSC as part of the lean production requirements.


Cyber security plays a critical role in the health and well being of nations around the world. Cyber-warfare, cyber-crime, and cyber-terrorism threaten the economic and political stability of society. Botnets and automated attacks disrupt services, threaten national infrastructures, and fuel international crime.

As VizSec continues into its 11th annual meeting, the importance of cyber security continues to rise. High profile cyber security incidents and data breaches highlight the importance of security for organizations both large and small. The need for better tools in cyber security is now widely recognized and supported.

Important research problems often lie at the intersection of disparate domains. The focus of VizSec is to explore effective, scalable visual interfaces for security domains where visualization provides a distinct benefit. This includes computer forensics, reverse engineering, privacy, compliance management, firewall management, wireless security, secure coding, and other areas of network security. Human time and attention are precious resources, and these tools must use them effectively.

This year's program explores the use of visualization techniques to support collaborative security analysis, to aid in the reverse engineering of malware, to facilitate the analysis of system-level information, as well as techniques and challenges for evaluating security visualizations.


The Javanese shadow puppet theater is still existed in the globalization era because it is not only seen from the visual or aesthetic aspects but also from the deep meaning beyond the performance so that wayang, for Javanese people, becomes tontonan (entertainment), tuntunan (teachings), and tatanan (rules). Wayang performance is expected to convey message which can motivate the emergence of satisfying aesthetic experience and also other purposes like explanation, propaganda, social critics, etc. In relation to the matter there is a script of lakon which will be analyzed through the dialogues between the characters. The conversation in the scripts will be analyzed by language dimension that is the use of language between characters especially in pragmatics in case of imperative use. The natural conversation will be analyzed through recorded and transcript data. The conversation transcription is not only aimed to give phonetic nuance and to describe as well as to classify phoneme and its variation but also to become a technique which is able to identify the ways how people construct "traffic rules" in conversation using language instruments. Conversational analysis is different from other sociological branch because it does not only analyzing social rules but also seeking and finding the ways or methods used by the member of society to produce meaning of social rules. Conversation becomes a source and the various meanings of social rules produce some characteristics which underlie the meaning of words social roles. The realization of pragmatic imperative meaning is described in detail in relation to the story of lakon "Semar mBangun Gedhong Kencana" presented by dalang Mujaka Raharja, one of the popular dalang. The utterance of the dialogues can be analyzed because it contains imperative elements and it will be analyzed from pragmatic dimension. So the utterance which will be analyzed is the utterance which contains imperative elements (order, delegate, request, pressure, persuasion, appeal, welcome, invitation, permission, prohibition, hope, curse, greetings, suggestion, ngelulu).

Keywords : conversational analysis, pragmatics, imperative


A commercially available blue emitting ZnS:Ag,Cl phosphor was surface-treated with a combination of stirring and ultrasonication in KOH solutions. The stirring and ultrasonication (SUST) enhanced the cathodoluminescence efficiency by 58%. From surface analyses, it was confirmed that OH - ions were physisorbed on the surface of the phosphor, and they formed an additional electrical field on the surface into the E-beam induced field present in cathodoluminescent mode of operation. We observed that the maximum increase of phosphor efficiency at low applied voltages was around 800 V, that the recombination rate of the nonequilibrium charge carriers increased over two times, and that the diffusion-drift length was reduced after SUST. This can be explained by the formation of the increased electrical fields induced by physisorbed OH - ions on the phosphor surface.


In many collaborative systems, users can trigger the execution of commands in a process owned by another user. Unless the access rights of such processes are limited, any user in the collaboration can gain access to another's private files; execute applications on another user's behalf; or read public system files, such as the password file, on another user's machine. However, some applications require limited sharing of private files, so it may be desirable to grant access to these files for a specific purpose. Role-based access control (RBAC) models can be used to limit the access rights of processes, but current implementations do not enable users to flexibly control the access rights of a process at runtime. We define a discretionary access control model that enables principals to flexibly control the access rights of a collaborative process. We then specify the requirements of RBAC models necessary to implement this discretionary access control model.


The world we live in today experiences the movement and relocation of goods, services, capitals and also humans. When regulations strengthen and coming into a country becomes more difficult, irregular migration practices take place, and the phenomenon floods many spheres of society, but due to the nature of migration processes and countries' selective criteria, at the end, those who undergo on ir¬regular migration are usually low income or poor people. The aim of this research is to evidence, by different means, that although globalization is an international trend that apparently includes everybody, it has left aside the less wealthy ones, which are those who get their visas denied, who are not allowed into countries through customs check points, and similar. This ends up generating a big interna¬tional social issue that is irregular migration, where people risk many things, up to their lives, in order to pursue a dream, a dream that in many cases, ends up being nothing else than a fairy tale.


The existing pedagogy known as service learning could be harnessed and expanded as a model by which to teach sustainability.


Nolan and colleagues' review on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) did not cover the important problem of ethnic and racial differences in provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and therefore survival after cardiac arrest.1

Provision of CPR is not standard across all ethnic and racial groups. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by us concluded that black patients are less likely to receive …


Introduction Proximal femoral fractures (PFF) are among the most frequent fractures in older people. However, the situation of people with a PFF after hospital discharge is poorly understood. Our aim is to (1) analyse healthcare provision, (2) examine clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), (3) describe clinical and sociodemographic predictors of these and (4) develop an algorithm to identify subgroups with poor outcomes and a potential need for more intensive healthcare. Methods and analysis This is a population-based prospective study based on individually linked survey and statutory health insurance (SHI) data. All people aged minimum 60 years who have been continuously insured with the AOK Rheinland/Hamburg and experience a PFF within 1 year will be consecutively included (SHI data analysis). Additionally, 700 people selected randomly from the study population will be consecutively invited to participate in the survey. Questionnaire data will be collected in the participants' private surroundings at 3, 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. If the insured person considers themselves to be only partially or not at all able to take part in the survey, a proxy person will be interviewed where possible. SHI variables include healthcare provision, healthcare costs and clinical outcomes. Questionnaire variables include information on PROs, lifestyle characteristics and socioeconomic status. We will use multiple regression models to estimate healthcare processes and outcomes including mortality and cost, investigate predictors, perform non-responder analysis and develop an algorithm to identify vulnerable subgroups. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf (approval reference 6128R). All participants including proxies providing written and informed consent can withdraw from the study at any time. The study findings will be disseminated through scientific journals and public information. Trial registration number DRKS00012554.


In this research, first-principles calculations were carried out within the density functional theory (DFT) framework, using LDA and GGA, in order to study the structural, elastic, electronic and thermal properties of InAs in the zinc-blende structure. The results of the structural properties ( a , B 0 , ) agree with the theoretical and experimental results reported by other authors. Additionally, the elastic properties, the elastic constants ( C 11 , C 12 and C 44 ), the anisotropy coefficient ( A ) and the predicted speeds of the sound ( , , and ) are in agreement with the results reported by other authors. In contrast, the shear modulus ( G ), the Young's modulus ( Y ) and the Poisson's ratio ( v ) show some discrepancy with respect to the experimental values, although, the values obtained are reasonable. On the other hand, it is evident the tendency of the LDA and GGA approaches to underestimate the value of the band-gap energy in semiconductors. The thermal properties (V, , θ D yC V ) of InAs , calculated using the quasi-harmonic Debye model, are slightly sensitive as the temperature increases. According to the stability criteria and the negative value of the enthalpy of formation, InAs is mechanically and thermodynamically stable. Therefore, this work can be used as a future reference for theoretical and experimental studies based on InAs .


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Treatment of dental anomalies often makes it difficult for patients to perform professional duties due to the need to use devices of various designs that violate speech and change the face, due to the duration of treatment, frequent visits to the orthodontic office for activation and correction -orthodontic devices. Therefore, in adult patients, the desire to be treated often does not coincide with their capabilities.


PURPOSE: A treatment method of wastewater from a dyeing operation is provided to improve water quality by removing pollutants and impurities of wastewater through a biological treatment process and filtering remaining impurities using a separating membrane. CONSTITUTION: A treatment method of wastewater from a dyeing operation includes the following steps: non-degradable materials in wastewater from the dyeing operation are converted into degradable materials by introducing ozone into the wastewater to be oxidized; the pH value and the flux of wastewater are adjusted by a flux adjusting unit and a pH meter; the oxidized water is biologically treated using microorganisms; the biologically treated water passes through a membrane bioreactor based on microfiltration; and the treated water passes through a reverse osmosis separating membrane. [Reference numerals] (AA) Ozone-based oxidization step; (BB) Biological treatment step; (CC) Complex separating membrane-based treatment step; (DD) Separating membrane-based treatment step


In this paper, we propose a high-efficiency and wide-bandwidth linear polarization converter using double U-shaped metasurface. The design is based on the two dimensional artificial electromagnetic materials and micro-antenna array. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed polarization converter can realize the orthogonal polarization transformation for the reflected electromagnetic wave, the conversion bandwidth is 6.91-14.31GHz and the polarization conversion ratio is above 90%. Additionally, the measurement results have good agreement with the simulation data. The proposed double U-shaped structure not only has a simple geometry but also can realize the wide bandwidth and high efficiency conversion. Hence it can find wide applications in novel polarization-control devices.


Due to the large size of the airlift and sealift analyses performed by the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) using the Analysis of Mobility Platform (AMP), AMP has historically used a greedy heuristic algorithm focused on specific criteria in order to be able to compute solutions efficiently. We introduce a multi-year effort to enhance the extensibility and capability of AMP to support analysts in their evolving need to explore different tradeoffs - such as the impact of different business rules or evaluation criteria - using a new hierarchical, policy-based framework that provides a fundamentally search-based approach to solving the problem. The framework applies explicit selection, traversal and evaluation policies at different levels of AMP's airlift and sealift algorithms. We present an airlift constraint scheduler capability implemented using the framework, describe ongoing prototype efforts to apply the framework across other levels of AMP, and discuss future potential enhancements.


Doubleimmunostaining showedthatP-gpexpression andnuclear p53accumulation often occurconcomitantly inthesame tumour cells. A correlation between p53andP-gpexpression was foundinall50breast cancers(P=0.003; Fisher's exacttest). P-gpexpression, nuclear p53accumulation, andco-expression ofp53andP-gpwere more frequently observed inlocally advanced breast cancersthaninoperable breast cancers(P=0.0004; P=0.048; P=0.002respectively, Fisher's exacttest). Co-expression ofp53andP-gp was thestrongest prognostic factor forshorter survival bymultivariate analysis (P=0.004) inthegroup oflocally advanced breast cancers (univariate analysis: P=0.0007). Only3outof13samples sequentially takenbefore andafter chemotherapy displayed achange inP-gp orp53staining. Inconclusion, nuclear p53accumulation isoften associated withPgpexpression inprimary breast cancer,andsimultaneous expression ofp53andP-gpisassociated withshorter survival inlocally advanced breast cancerpatients. Co-expression ofP-gpandmutantp53belong toa series of molecular eventsresulting ina more aggressive phenotype, drugresistance andpoorprognosis.


There is provided a heat exchanger provided with a cold storage unit and the manufacturing method, and more particularly a heat exchanger provided with a cold storage unit and a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger provided with a cold storage unit, equipped with a cold storage unit the heat exchanger as cold storage material filled portion formed at a portion forming the inlet and the outlet member, so that no additional projection member to inject cold accumulating material, thereby allowing miniaturization of the heat exchanger, and can be faster and more efficient absorbed cool air to increase the effect of the regenerator, wherein the method for forming the filling portion of the cold accumulating material after the heat exchanger is coated to fill the cold accumulating material, thereby preventing the coating solution is introduced into the heat exchanger vessel.


This investigation employed discriminant analysis to improve the usefulness of student-faculty ratings in detecting differences in lecturer types. Equivalent groups of college students in each of two studies viewed lectures delivered by a Hollywood actor so as to vary in number of substantive teaching points covered (high, low) and presentation manner (enthusiastic, unenthusiastic). Students rated lecturer effectiveness using an 18-item questionnaire like those commonly used. Optimal scoring methods were derived in the first study for the purpose of differentiating among lecturer types and were cross-validated in a second study of groups of students who saw and rated the same lectures. Scoring methods derived in the first study were valid in relation to differences in lecturer enthusiasm in the first and second studies and were valid in relation to differences in information-giving in the first but not in the second study. Results were explained in terms of the "Doctor Fox Effect" and suggestions were offered for future research.


M. C. Guerra*, F. Galvano, L. Bonsi, E. Speroni, S. Costa, C. Renzulli and R. Cervellati Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40 126 Bologna, Italy Department of Agro-forestry, Environmental Science and Technology, University of Reggio Calabria, Piazza San Francesco 7, Reggio Calabria, Italy Institute of Histology and General Embryology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, Bologna, Italy Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy


KTP crystal is a solid-state laser (Solid state laser) having a section in general 100㎲ or more pulse width output from the pulse, such as a YAG laser is illuminated by the fundamental wave pulse of pulse laser beam. In the KTP crystal, the wavelength conversion is performed to generate the second harmonic pulse laser beam having a frequency at least twice, field-pulse the second harmonic pulse laser beam is in turn output to the laser processing such as welding.


Text similarity has been widely studied and applied in information retrieval, question answering system and so on. However, in the specific field of mathematics, there is little research at present. In this paper, aiming at the characteristics of high school mathematics text, such as strong logic, formula doping, including letters and numbers, a symmetrical twin network structure model combining CNN and BiLSTM is proposed. The local mathematical text feature matrix extracted by CNN and the global text feature matrix extracted by BiLSTM are modeled at different levels to obtain the deep level language features of sentences. Then the two similarity matrixes are fused and spliced to maximize the mathematical text features. Finally, the text similarity value is calculated by the matching layer, and then the answer score is obtained. The accuracy of the model is 84.3% when tested on real mathematics test questions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the model.


How do relationships work? One set of researchers has examined this question by creating models to structure the stages of a relationship. A second set of researchers has created models to detect the processes that unfold when parties in a relationship interact. The current paper discusses briefly both stage and process models of relationship development and then proposes an integrative model that incorporates both features of a relationship. A Stages of Change framework is applied within this integrative model to provide insights on the processes needed for a relationship to move from one stage to another. This approach is a first step to understand how to create new customers and the strategies to motivate change. An illustration of this approach is applied to customer relationship development.


Numerous publications clearly support the conclusion that, overall, total knee arthroplasty is successful. The definitive improvement in quality of life, in combination with the aging of the population, has led to an increasing demand for total knee arthroplasty. While cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized devices will perform well for the vast majority of patients presenting as candidates for primary total knee arthroplasty, the orthopaedic surgeon occasionally encounters cases of advanced severity (Figs. 1-A and 1-B)1-4. Complex presentations range from higher degrees of ligamentous incompetency to severe restriction of the range of motion with substantial flexion contracture to posttraumatic arthritis and to post-osteotomy deformity of either the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia. The challenge confronting the reconstructive surgeon is to obtain a well-balanced flexion-extension gap with balanced collateral ligaments. This is frequently best accomplished with a modular system that offers a continuum of constraint (Fig. 2). Modularity allows intraoperative customization; namely, the use of stems, wedges, and augments. Frequently these difficult primary arthroplasties require the use of posterior-stabilized constrained implants1,5-16.

Figs. 1-A and 1-B
An increased degree of preoperative severity must be addressed with an increased level of prosthetic constraint. (Printed with permission of Joint Implant Surgeons, which holds the copyright to this artwork.) While minimal deformity may be addressed with posterior-cruciate-retaining devices, moderate deformity requires the use of anterior or posterior-stabilized devices; severe deformity requires constrained condylar devices with different options for stems, augments, and wedges; and salvage scenarios require rotating or rigid-hinge devices. (Printed with permission of Joint Implant Surgeons, which holds the copyright to this artwork.)

We previously reported the early clinical results and failure mechanisms in a large series of 395 patients who had undergone a total of 421 consecutive difficult primary and revision total …


In order to promote pedagogically informed use of technology, educators need to develop an active, inquisitive, design-oriented mind-set. Design Patterns have been demonstrated as powerful mediators of theory-praxis conversations yet widespread adoption by the practitioner community remains a challenge (Goodyear et al., 2004). Over several years, the authors and their colleagues have facilitated many workshops in which participants shared experiences, captured these as design narratives, extracting design patterns, and applied them to novel teaching challenges represented as design scenarios. This paper analysis the value of design narratives, patterns and scenarios in scaffolding co-design processes in light of previous work in this area.


Based on the test results,the material properties of constructional stainless steel at elevated temperatures were described and compared with those of constructional carbon steel and alloy steel.Equations for the reduction factors of elastic modulus,yield strength,ultimate strength and ultimate strain were proposed.In addition,the stress-strain curve equations for stainless steel at elevated temperatures based on Abdella's explicit stress formulation were also presented.The results showed that the stainless steel has relatively superior fire resistance ability and generally larger reduction factors of material properties than those of carbon steel and alloy steel at elevated temperatures.The predictions from the proposed reduction factor equations are generally in agreement with the test results.The proposed equations accurately predict the stress-strain curves of stainless steel at elevated temperatures.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To define influencing factors on perinephric toxic fat, mirrored by a high Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score and to assess the impact of unfavorable MAP scores on the type of surgical approach (open (OPN) vs. robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN)) as well as intraand postoperative results in patients with localized renal tumors. METHODS: Data from 698 patients from two German centers (University Medical Centre Mannheim and Klinikum Wuerzburg Mitte Missioklinik) between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed in this study. Adherent perinephric fat was assessed based on preoperative imaging to define the MAP score. Anatomical tumor complexity was described using the R.E.N.A.L. score. Postoperative complications were stratified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system and quality outcomes were measured based on TRIFECTA criteria (negative surgical margins, WIT <25 minutes, no complications). Regression analyses were performed for predictors of a high MAP score ( 3) as well as potential influencing factors of perioperative results (major complications, surgery time, TRIFECTA achievement) and on surgical approach. RESULTS: 331 (47%) patients underwent OPN and 367 (53%) RPN. 354 (51%) patients showed a MAP score <3 and 344 (49%) patients a MAP score 3. Male gender (p<0.001), age 65 (p<0.001) and BMI 27.4 kg/m (p<0.001) were significant predictors for the presence of adherent perinephric fat (MAP 3). Patients with unfavorable MAP scores showed a longer skin-skin-time (OR[1.68, 95% CI 1.22e2.31, p[0.002) but no significant impact on TRIFECTA achievement including the development of major complications or. MAP scores 3 showed to be a significant influencing factor to rather undergo OPN than RPN (OR[1.5, 95% CI 1.05e2.15, p[0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Male as well as older patients with higher BMI scores have a higher risk for adherent perinephric fat. The presence of perinephric toxic fat (high MAP score) results in a prolonged surgery time and may have an impact regarding the preference of the surgical approach. As a helpful tool for preoperative planning the MAP score can support surgeons setting their expectations.


The Soviet diplomacy in the second half of the 1940s included the Russian Orthodox Church and its institutions of international presence in its sphere of activity. At that time the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) began to play a significant role in the Soviet Union's foreign policy. The Middle Eastern direction becomes one of the most significant areas of "church diplomacy". The first visit of Patriarch Alexy (Simanskiy) to the Holy Land in 1945 was part of a "package" of diplomatic steps made by Soviet diplomacy in partnership with the Moscow Patriarchate in 1945–1955 to restore the property of the ROC in Palestine. The analysis of the documents on the ROC (State Archive of the Russian Federation, F. R-6991) and the materials on the foreign policy of the USSR Council of Ministers (State Archive of the Russian Federation, F. R-5446), as well as the extensive historiography of historical relations between Russia and the Holy Land, allows the authors to consider joint efforts to consolidate the presence of the ROC in the region. The research allows tracing the "birth of tradition" of foreign policy mission of the Moscow Patriarchate and its foreign structures, which became points of influence of the USSR in the post-war world. It allows one to reconstruct the social image of Moscow's "agents of influence" in the Middle East, both the new emissaries and the traditional agents of Russian influence in the region – the pilgrims and nuns of the Russian monasteries of the Holy Land.


We have implemented a new methodology in order to examine the effect of Information Technologies ( ) on Multifactor Productivity (MFP) at the firm level. Although the skill biased technical change hypothesis has received a lot or empirical support, previous studies typically assumed that input efficiencies were affected homogeneously. We relax this assumption by developing a very simple model that leads us to add tne cost shares of inputs interacted with IT to the usual regression relating MFP growth to IT adoption. Our results based on a sample of manufacturing firms suggest that Internet adoption increases significantly MFP, assuming away the simultaneity issue. Moreover, all inputs would not be affected in the same way. Internet would increase strongly the efficiency of female, skilled and highly skilled workers. By contrast, the adoption of personal computers, mainframe computers, transfer of data within firms and transfer of data with clients or suppliers are not correlated with MFP growth. Finally, our results suggest that the effect of IT adoption on MFP growth does not depend on the use of new work practices.


Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism by Ibn Warraq contests the argument of the late Columbia University Professor Edward Said, as put forward in his 1978 book Orientalism (Pantheon Books, New York), that the Western art and academic worlds, by virtue of having constructed an image of their governments' conquest targets in the East as 'the inferior Other', stand guilty of complicity in the crime of colonial subjugation. To issue such a belated response to Said's work, Ibn Warraq must have judged that, despite already having been debunked on innumerable occasions, Orientalism has a legacy that is still very much alive. Given that those faculties in Western universities continuing to call themselves 'Oriental' still question whether this label compromises their ability to project a reputation for objectivity, Warraq's judgement is perhaps not misguided. But is there really anything new and meaningful left to be added to the heap of critical commentary already generated on Orientalism? Warraq seems to have initially envisioned Defending the West as an easy way of rehashing old work. As he admits, his original intention for this book had been to simply combine an earlier essay of his own on Orientalism from a decade ago with an annotated anthology of primary sources and articles by other scholars who have written in response to Said. Whilst his essay, which dissects the original text of Orientalism, and which he views as a 'useful introduction to the errors and inadequacies of Said's work' (p. 11), is indeed included in the end product as the opening part, the planned annotated anthology is replaced with two newly written parts and a conclusion. The author's such change of course is a function of the idea having struck him somewhere along the way that the sheer number of faults he previously found in Orientalism, together with his trusted colleagues' arguments, would not be devastating enough, and to truly demolish Said's position nothing less would suffice than a refutation of his argument against the background of the entire history of Western civilisation. It is precisely this ambitious project that sets Defending the West apart from the rest of the existing literature. The main aspect of Said's work that Warraq seeks to dispute in the main body of his book (Part II) is that whereby Western civilisation is claimed to be racist, xenophobic and self-conceited in nature. To demonstrate that it is actually the very opposite characteristics that define the West (i.e., rationalism, universalism and self-criticism, which are defined more precisely as meaning, respectively: unfettered and impartial intellectual curiosity, openness to the other, and willingness to submit tradition to rational scrutiny), Warraq embarks upon a survey of the work of its thinkers, novelists and poets. Referring to the writings of, amongst others, Homer, Aristotle and Cicero, Warraq calls to mind how rationalism, universalism and self-criticism came to be celebrated by the Greeks and Romans as early as the eighth century BC, and also how intellectuals such as Dante, Chaucer, Shakespeare, John Lock, John Stuart Mill, George Bernard Shaw and Lenin have ever since kept these fine ideals a special place within Western culture. Because these ideals, which run like 'golden threads' through the history of Western civilisation, served as 'tutelary guiding lights' for Westerners in their encounters with foreigners, the acts of brutality that Said observed on the part of the European colonial empires, ought to have been, Warraq argues, anomalies (p.57–83). BOOK REVIEWS


The effects of spatial nonuniformity of electron multibeam emission on the output characteristics of a coaxial multibeam Ka-band relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) are investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. The spatial nonuniformity is simulated using four different electron multibeam emission models, with (1) a continuous cathode non-emission area, (2) discontinuous cathode emission areas, (3) discontinuous cathode emission areas with different electron emission current densities, and (4) cathode emission areas with different and time-varying electron emission current densities. The simulation results with the first model show that the output microwave power of the RKA decreases as the continuous non-emission area increases, but that size of the continuous non-emission area has little effect on the frequency and pulse width of the RKA. The results with the second model show that the more uniform the electron current density in the discontinuous emission areas, the greater the output microwave power. The results with the third model show that the more uniform the distribution of the Z component of the induced electromagnetic field in the discontinuous emission areas, the greater the output microwave power, and also that the output microwave power increases as this Z component increases. The results with the fourth model show that fluctuations in the electron current density in the discontinuous emission areas in the steady-state phase of RKA operation cause fluctuations in both microwave frequency and output microwave power and that these fluctuations increase as the fluctuations in electron current density become stronger and as they become more rapid.


A flexible polyether-ester,poly(diethylene glycol citrate)(PDGC),was synthesized by diethylene glycol and citric acid.A series of polymers were prepared at different postpolymerisation time and different monomer ratios without using any catalyzer.The prepolymer was characterized by FTIR and the elastomers was determinated by ATR-FTIR、DSC、XRD.Mechanical,hydrolytic degradable as well as hydrophilic properties of PDGC were researched.


The Folk Singers and Troubadours of Armenia: gusans and ashughs Abstract: The goal of this article is to approach the Armenian epic poetry and above all the phenomenon of local troubadour lyrics as such, in the light of traditions of neighbouring nations and also in a European context. I have tried to show that Armenia (and the Caucasus region as whole) is far from being a region deserving only the marginal interest of researchers. To the contrary, its relative isolation on the one hand and the constant blending of cultures and the emergence of syncretic traditions on the other hand make the Caucasus a fountainhead of topics not only for ethnologists and folklorists. Armenian lyric poetry can be shown to have developed under the strong influence of Persian as well as Arabic poetry, but Armenian folk art tended to take its inspiration also from local traditions, and through the quasi authorship of hayrens it then became the inspiration for the higher art form of poetry. Through popular music, Armenian troubadour lyric poetry has remained alive and is still popular with the public.