According to the nonlinear missile model of side jet force and aerodynamic force compound control,design and simulation based on single channel is presented to verify the nonlinear control law.The control law is based on feedback linearization(nonlinear dynamic inversion) and combine with the advantage of fuzzy control and neural network—FCMAC.A robust and self-adaptive method is adopted to design the nonlinear controller.Result of simulation shows the feasibility of this kind of control method.


This essay suggests (1) that changes in economic practices which we associate with capitalism brought about deep changes in understandings of culture, and especially of Christianity; (2) that, given that capitalism is driving global warming, changes in the way in which we structure the economy, which for many of us have religious roots, will have to be adopted if we are going to survive; (3) that six priorities for an alternative economy may be identified.


We investigate the effect of stochastic fluctuations of an interest rate on the value of a derivative. We derive the modified Black-Scholes equation that describes evolution of the value of a derivative averaged over an ensemble of stochastic fluctuations of the rate of interest and depends on the "renormalized" values of volatility and rate of interest. We present the explicit expressions for the renormalized volatility and interest rate that incorporate the corrections owing to the short-term stochastic variations of the interest rate. The stochastic component of the interest rate tends to enhance the effective volatility and reduce the effective interest rate that determine an evolution of the option pricing "smoothed out" over the stochastic variations. The results of numerical solution of the modified Black-Scholes equation with the renormalized coefficients are illustrated for an American put option on non-dividend-paying stock.


As the USA Presidential race heads into the final two days and shows no sign of being the Democrat landslide that many of us liberals hoped for we enter ...


Although their synthesis has been considered of a great importance for humankind due to their pesticide action (P. Muller won the Nobel prize in 1948 for medicine for the discovery of DDT insecticide action 1 ), subsequent research on organochlorinated compounds as HCHs and DDT and metabolites (e.g. DDE, DDD) has revealed their persistence, bioaccumulation capacity and toxicity (PBT) generating a global concern regarding their effects on living organisms and ecosystems (an overview the harmful effects that persistent organic pollutants may have on biota, their environmental sources and analysis, their environmental trends and processes, their movement through food chains are provided by Jones and de Voogt 2 and Blus 3 ). Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) belongs to the Palaearctic tortoises and is present in the South-Western part of Romania, where the submediterranean climate appears 4 . Hermann's tortoise lives in habitats like pasturages, grazing lands, mesophilic oaks rare forests or submediterranean shrubs. Species diet is exclusively herbivorous, sometimes preferring the food represented by the people vegetables gardens. It is a vulnerable species mainly due to the late sexual maturity and slow reproduction rhythm. Habitats destruction and the increase in the number of prey animals (many of the antropophilic) are the main threats on species perpetuation. Hermann's tortoise is a threatened species according to the Romanian legal framework and a strictly protected species according to the Habitats Directive 5 . Very few studies are available in the literature regarding pesticides effects and bioaccumulation on land tortoises (Testudo genus mainly), most of the papers dealing with aquatic species. A study performed on a population of Testudo hermanni in Southern Greece revealed the effects of some herbicides (2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5–T)) on the reproductive capacity of the species. The results indicate a higher vulnerability of Hermann's tortoises to the herbicides, which have not been associated with reptile mortality prior to this study 6 . De Solla et al. 7 have determined several pesticides (organochlorine, PCBs, Dibenzodioxin, Furan) in the egg content of snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) eggs from St. Lawrence River watershed in the neighborhood of a PCB-contaminated landfill site. They report PCB levels of up to 1% of the egg mass (a maximum of 737.68 ppm) with possible source the aquatic sediments (with PCB concentrations between 2 and 7900 ppm) 8 . The authors do not exclude the possibility that the PCB and organochlorine pesticides to influence the hatching success and the juveniles survivor. PCB concentration in the chorioallantoic membranes of Caretta Caretta seem to be higher than in the egg content 9 . Generally, aquatic species tend to get high concentrations of organochlorine compounds because of the large fish component existing in their diet.


The operational features of an automated constant voltage anemometer (ACVA) designed for flight applications have been presented. Diagnostic voltage outputs are provided in ACVA, which will enable the calculation of in situ hot wire time constant and overheat for postprocessing of the turbulence data from the measured output voltage. TTL outputs provide identification of the output state. Using this automated system in a wind tunnel, time constant values obtained as a function of the hot wire Reynolds numbers and hot wire currents (overheats) are presented for 5 and 10 μm hot wires showing agreement with prior analysis and results


According to the feature of infrared and visible image , a method of image fusion based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper . Firstly, we make wavelet transform for the infrared and visible image after Preprocessing and regist-ration, so we get the different frequency wavelet coefficients of source images , then we separately do image fusion for different frequency domain after decomposition according to the rules: The low frequency wavelet coefficients are weighted and on high frequency wavelet coefficient we select large. Meanwhile we com-pare it with Space domain fusion algorithm according to the rules :The pixel are weighted and selected large. The simulation experiment result shows that using wavelet second fusion method has a good effect on the infrared and visible image fusion. Index Terms - Image fusion, Wavelet transform, Infrared image and visible image, Simulation experiment I. Introduction Image fusion (1) is a method which can merge multiple feature images from different imaging devices or sensors to one image. This image or scene is more complete. Based on different stages of image fusion, we usually dispose it on three levels : The pixel level fusion, the feature level fusion and the decision level fusion. On different level of image fusion we use different method. There is lots of methods on pixel level fusion, including: The simple method of weighted average to get fusion image; Laplace Pyramid (2)(3) method proposed by Burt; Ratio low pass Pyramid method, contrast Pyramid meth- od, gradient Pyramid method (3) etc. In the 90's , with the theory of wavelet transform (4) widely used in image processing , the technique of wavelet transform also has been successfully used in image fusion. The processing based on different resolution ratio of wavelet transform turn to be hot issue in signal and image processing research field in recent years. Method of wavelet transform in this paper belongs to the pixel level fusion, which is fundamental and frequented-used. It has the advantages of holding original information of fusion image, meanwhile the fusion accuracy is at a high level and the loss of information less than the other level fusion. This paper is based on the multi-resolution of wavelet decompose- tion, and use the method according to the rules: The low frequency wavelet coefficients are weighted and on high frequency wavelet coefficient we select large. Then we simulate algorithm by using Matlab and analyzed the result. Fusion method researched in this paper is aiming at the infrared image and visible image, with the same objects at the same distance with different sensors to capture the image, which can compensate for a single infrared sensor or a CCD sensor imaging defects, and it meet the specific needs of the image scene. Using this method we can make full use of the same scene complementary and redundant information of different images. Accordingly we achieve a more detailed , more specific explanation of the scene, meanwhile it provid the conditions for target recognition and tracking further. In this paper, the following image processing experiments we use: the image after pretreatment and registration, which is the same size. II. Common image fusion algorithm A. Space domain fusion method Pixel level image fusion technology (5) mainly includes the method based on space domain and frequency domain. Fusion method in space domain is a selection processing directly to the source image pixel value. This paper adopt two algorithm: pixel value weighted average fusion method and the pixel value selected large (small) fusion method.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to curate and promote students' and lecturers' works and creations, and to provide pleasing user experience for mobile device users when browsing the portfolio gallery information.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of the mobile web application using Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology includes Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. The evaluation is done in three steps: first step by comparing similar software, the second step by evaluate the interface using the eight golden rules and the last one by taking user questionnaire.

Findings

Evaluation of the application of Bina Nusantara University (BINUS) Store Mobile Web.

Originality/value

The authors report the development of BINUS Store Mobile web application by using Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) with Laravel framework and evaluate it in Android and iOS environments.


This paper assesses, empirically, the effects of oil price shocks on the real macroeconomic activity in Nigeria using both the Granger causality tests and multivariate VAR analysis. The study finds evidence of both linear and non-linear impact of oil price shocks on real GDP. In particular, asymmetric oil price increases in the non-linear models are found to have positive impact on real GDP growth of a larger magnitude than asymmetric oil price decreases adversely affects real GDP. The non-linear estimation records significant improvement over the linear estimation and the one reported earlier by Aliyu (2009). Further, utilising the Wald and the Granger multivariate and bivariate causality tests, results from the latter indicate that linear oil price change and all the other oil price transformations are significant for the system as a whole. The Wald test indicates that the oil price coefficients in linear and asymmetric specifications are statistically significant.


Computation of population mean E = 1 n · n i=1 x i and population variance V = 1 n · n i=1 (x i − E) 2 is an important first step in statistical analysis. In many practical situations, we do not know the exact values of the sample quantities x i , we only know the intervals [ x i − ∆ i , x i + ∆ i ] that contain the actual (unknown) values of x i. Different values of x i from these intervals lead, in general, to different value of population variance. It is therefore desirable to compute the range V = [V , V ] of possible values of V. This problem of computing population variance under interval uncertainty is, in general, NP-hard. It is known that in some reasonable cases, there exist feasible algorithms for computing the interval V: e.g., such algorithms are known for the case when for some constant c, any collection of more than c " narrowed " intervals x i − ∆ i n , x i + ∆ i n has no common intersection, and for the case when none of the two narrowed intervals are subsets of each other. In this paper, we provide a new polynomial time algorithm for computing population variance under interval uncertainty, an algorithm that is applicable to all situations where previously, feasible algorithms were known. 1 Formulation of the Problem Computing population mean and variance is important. When we have n results x 1 ,. .. , x n of repeated measurement of the same quantity at different moments of time and/or at different location, then the statistical analysis of these values usually starts with the computation of their population mean


Some markets are prone to develop shadow activities like piracy for the purpose of tax evasion. Self-esteem and social disapproval control the expansion of such markets. The associated tax evasion leads to fiscal externality, highlighting the tension between private opportunism and collective values. Illegal activities may yet enhance welfare by limiting the pricing power of incumbent firms and by controlling tax collection. JEL Classification: D43, D69, E41, H26, L13


Gigahertz acoustic resonators have the potential to advance data processing and quantum communication. However, they are expensive and lack responsiveness to external stimuli, limiting their use in sensing applications. In contrast, low-cost nanoscale mesoporous materials, known for their high surface-to-volume ratio, have shown promise in various applications. We recently demonstrated that mesoporous silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin layers can support coherent acoustic modes in the 5 to 100 GHz range. In this study, we propose a new method for designing tunable acoustic resonators using mesoporous thin films on acoustic distributed Bragg reflectors. By infiltrating the pores with different chemicals, the material's properties could be altered and achieve tunability in the acoustic resonances. We present four device designs and use simulations to predict resonators with Q-factors up to 1000. We also observe that the resonant frequency and intensity show a linear response to relative humidity, with a tunability of up to 60 %. Our platform offers a unique opportunity to design cost-effective nanoacoustic sensing and reconfigurable optoacoustic nanodevices.


A PhD research thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of doctor of philosophy in business administration, University of Nairobi


Languages sometimes undergo major shifts, when multiple phenomena change together, often called catastrophes, phase transitions, or saltations. Recently Emonds and Faarlund (2014) argued for a majo...


We consider the influence of two resonant laser beams (to be referred to as the control and probe beams) on the mechanical properties of a degenerate atomic gas. The control and probe beams of light are assumed to have orbital angular momenta (OAM) and act on the three-level atoms in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration. We have carried out an explicit analysis of the quantum dynamics of the atoms coupled with the two laser beams. Using the adiabatic approximation, we have obtained an effective equation of motion for the atoms driven to the dark state. The equation contains a vector potential type interaction as well as an effective trapping potential. The effective magnetic field is shown to be oriented along the propagation direction of the control and probe beams containing OAM. Its spatial profile can be controlled and shaped by choosing the proper laser beams. We have demonstrated how to generate a constant effective magnetic field both in the disc and ring geometries of the atomic trap. We have also studied situations where the effective magnetic field exhibits a radial dependence. We have shown that the effective magnetic field can be concentrated within a region where the effective trapping potential holds the atoms. Furthermore the estimated magnetic length can be considerably smaller than the size of the atomic cloud.


The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and toxicities of concurrent bevacizumab and docetaxel with radiation for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).


Low field magnetic measurements of a re-entrant system Ni81Mn91 as a function of temperature are shown to exhibit two successive transitions. The ac susceptibility shows strong frequency dependence due to the frustrated spins. The freezing temperature, Tf, shifts to higher temperatures with increasing frequency and decreasing ac field amplitude. Its dependence on frequency is associated with the viscuous relaxation of spins during an ac cycle of the measuring field, which can be attributed to the magnetic relaxation of spin clusters. The results support the theory that re-entrant spin glass state is coexistent with the ferromagnetic domains and that no real phase transition to a spin glass state seems to occur. The interplay of magnetic domain formation and movement with the so-called frustrated spins appears to be responsible for the observed dependences.


This paper draws attention to the central concern of authors in this issue, which is to offer translanguaging and genre theory as two promising pedagogical responses to education systems characterised by linguistic as well as socio-economic diversity. It also draws attention to the agency of teachers in the processes of engaging with the linguistic diversity of students. What lies at the heart of current provision of multilingual education in South Africa, the site of concern for most of the authors in this volume, is a systemic failure to engage productively with the linguistic and knowledge repertoires of students. On the one hand, there is misunderstanding of multilingualism in southern contexts and the country's multilingual education policy; on the other hand, there is a reluctance to engage with multilingualism within curriculum and assessment delivery. Translanguaging and genre, although conceptually originating from North Atlantic and Australian contexts, may well offer opportunities for students in southern contexts to expand their own linguistic repertoires and to bridge epistemological difference between community and school.


Not available. Key words: Unmet Need for Family; Family planning; Childbearing Tribhuvan University Journal Vol. 21, No.2, 1998 Page:51-68 Uploaded Date : 9 May, 2011


We observe common features in semiconductor-to-metal transitions induced by femtosecond laser pulses in crystalline GaAs, amorphous GaAs, and Sb-rich films of amorphous GeSb, by tracking ultrafast changes in the spectral dielectric function. The dielectric function of the metal-like state reveals a decay in the plasma frequency with time after the transition. In addition, the plasma frequency roughly decreases with increasing excitation fluence.


Through analyzing the accounting main body presumption and the accounting sustainable operation presumption,this paper points out that the traditional enterprise management mode and the accounting mode haven't fit in with the requirements of the development of the new economic environment.


This paper proposes the signal detection scheme using selective subcarrier for enhanced communication coverage in the wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) backscatter system. The conventional system uses every subcarrier for signal detection but the proposed system uses selective subcarriers of good channel condition in order to enhanced performance. Especially, when signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased, the proposed scheme has efficient performance. From the simulation results, the proposed scheme has good bit error rate (BER) performance compared to the conventional scheme.


The report describes the objectives and present status of a study concerning the operational reliability of nuclear power plants. The purpose of the study is to develop utilitarian models for use with the Liquid-Metal-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor; initial testing of the formalism can be carried out with LWR operational data. Methods are being directed towards (1) day-to-day operation of the nuclear plant protection system and (2) to better understand the protection system sensor characteristics in order to anticipate off-normal conditions. The initial models now underway are based on moment-matching, confidence bounding, and convolution methods in the case of the protection system reliability, and for the sensor response function, a convolution of component reliability probability distributions and noise signatures.


As part of the War Department's Manhattan Engineer District (MED), Los Alamos was an Army installation during World War II, complete with a base commander and a brace of MPs. But it was a unique Army installation, having more civilian then military personnel. Even more unique was the work performed by the civilian population, work that required highly educated scientists and engineers. As the breadth, scope, and complexity of the Laboratory's work increased, more and more technically educated and trained personnel were needed. But, the manpower needs of the nation's war economy had created a shortage of such people. To meet its manpower needs, the MED scoured the ranks of the Army for anyone who had technical training and reassigned these men to its laboratories, including Los Alamos, as part of its Special Engineer Detachment (SED). Among the SEDs assigned to Los Alamos was Val Fitch, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980. Another was Al Van Vessem, who helped stack the TNT for the 100 ton test, bolted together the Trinity device, and rode shotgun with the bomb has it was driven from Los Alamos to ground zero.


An electromagnetically pumped liquid metal thermal control system is analyzed in this article.Comparison with that of water shows that the heat transfer performance of liquid metal is significantly better than that of water.Under low flow velocity conditions,liquid metal can achieve quite low device temperature rising.Furthermore,by adopting an electromagnetic pump without moving parts,it shows advantages of high reliability,low vibration and noise,simple and compact structure,strong controllability,etc.It has potential application in high power density components cooling and small satellites and lunar/planet surface rovers' thermal control.


Abstract One of the most significant steps in early recovery from addictive sexual disorders is disclosure by the addict to his or her significant other of the sexual behaviors in which the addict has been engaging, usually outside the primary relationship. To learn about couples' experiences with disclosure, we prepared an anonymous survey, filled out separately by each partner. Surveys were returned by 82 sex addicts and 82 spouses or partners. Addicts had a mean of 3.4 years in recovery. Key findings: Disclosure is often a process, not a one-time event. Even in the absence of relapse, withholding of information is common. Initial disclosure usually is most conducive to healing the relationship in the long run when it includes all the major elements of the acting-out behaviors but avoids the "gory details." Over half the partners threatened to leave after disclosure, but only one quarter of couples actually separated. Half the sex addicts reported one or more major slips or relapses, which necessitated ...


Liposomes are used to carry drugs in their interior, they are excellent vehicles because its size and biocompatibility. However they may be unstable, and the size distribution may be inhomogeneous. The zeta potential by measuring the potential of the double layer, serves to control the stability and maintain uniform the size distribution of liposomes. In this study it was observed that the liposomes are stable stored at 6 °C, when the zeta potential was of ± 30mV. But when the potential decrease, the aggregation of the liposomes increase its size, and have an inhomogeneous distribution; as the case of taxol-containing liposomes (bimodal distribution) and have been stored at -12 °C for more than 30 days.


Carlos M. D. Pazosz Vincenzo A. Signorey Dirceu Cavendish Jrz Mario Gerlaz z UCLA { Computer Science Department y Politecnico di Bari { DEE 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90024 Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari Italy Abstract Connectionless tra c originating from LANs is carried as Available Bit Rate (ABR) tra c in the ATM network and is subjected to ATM level ow control, either rate-based or credit-based. In addition, transport layer ow control (e.g. TCP window control) is applied at the end points. In this paper, we study the interaction between TCP and ATM ow controls. We use simulation to compare the \goodput" of di erent ABR ow control schemes and to evaluate the sensitivity to di erent parameter selections (e.g., TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS), round trip delay, etc). The study uncovers an unfairness situation caused by the use of non uniform MSS values.


The external insulation fault of power system will cause huge loss, so it's very important to accurately judge and predict the external insulation state. The existing detection methods of external insulation state are based on a single signal generated by discharge, which is prone to misjudgment and is not conducive to fault judgment and prediction. In this paper, the partial discharge experiment of contaminated insulator is carried out. Through the collection of the ultraviolet and infrared signals released in the discharge, data transmission and information fusion, it can provide support for the judgement of the state of the external insulation. The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used for information fusion of two kinds of information to diagnosis insulator running state. The accuracy of the information fusion diagnosis can reach 92%, which meets the requirements of the external insulation detection of the power system.


Antibodies binding to double‐stranded (ds) DNA are strongly associated with renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have generated two new IgG DNA‐binding monoclonal antibodies (mAb), RH‐14 and DIL‐6, from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of two SLE patients with glomerulonephritis using the heteromyeloma cell line CB‐F7. RH‐14 is an IgG1 λ antibody which also bound to single‐stranded (ss)DNA, histones and nucleosomes. DIL‐6 is an IgG3 λ antibody with restricted antigen binding specificity. cDNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of RH‐14 was sequenced and the antigen binding site of this mAb was computer modelled. Sequence analysis of VH and VL regions of RH‐14 showed that VH is derived from germ‐line gene V3‐7, a member of the VH3 family, and VL is derived from DPL 11, a member of the Vλ2 family. Somatic mutations and basic amino acid residues are identified in the complementarity‐ determining regions of both VH and VL regions. The nephritogenic properties of these mAb were analyzed by implanting and growing the hybridoma cells secreting the mAb in the peri toneum of SCID mice. The animals that received the RH‐14 hybridoma produced higher levels of proteinuria (3 to ≥ 4) (p < 0.001) compared to the groups that received DIL‐6 (trace to ≥ 1) or CB‐F7 (trace). Electron microscopy of kidney sections from all the RH‐14‐ implanted animals showed granular immunoglobulin deposition in the renal glomerular capil laries and mesangium. In this study we have shown for the first time using electron micros copy that a human IgG anti‐dsDNA mAb, RH‐14, is nephritogenic and that deposition of such an antibody alone is sufficient to induce renal damage.


The invention relates to the technical field of extraction of active ingredients of edible mushrooms, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously extracting polysaccharide and polyphenol from needle mushrooms. The method comprises the steps: preparing an extraction solution, extracting an alkaline solution by assistance of ultrasonic wave, performing enzymolysis on residue, extracting polyphenol from ethyl acetate and extracting polysaccharide after ultrafiltration and desalination. According to the method, operations such as auxiliary extraction, enzymolysis and membrane filtration are organically combined, and the polysaccharide and the polyphenol are simultaneously extracted, so that the production process is simplified, the safety and reliability are achieved, the yield is high, the physiological and pharmacological activities of the polysaccharide and the polyphenol in a needle mushroom sporocarp are well reserved, and a larger economic value is achieved.


This presentation will outline our students' experience of the use of flipped or online lecture delivery to novice first year nursing students. Following on from literature and conference presentations around the use of this teaching method, we have used this approach to facilitate learning of foundational information in lifespan development for nurses.
The idea of flipped learning has been storied, not as an experimental deviation to teaching, but as an established alternative way of learning that meets with our institution's teaching and learning directions of being flexible and adaptable (Marshall, 2013).
Students are supported in an active, student-centred manner to apply, describe, discuss and demonstrate the learning from the flipped classroom. The aim being to confidently instil in students the value of flipped classrooms from day one so that students are able to transition from traditional classroom delivery.
As evidenced by student feedback reactions, flipped classrooms challenged students to be self-disciplined, take responsibility for their learning, and to develop study habits essential at tertiary level.
References:
Marshall, H. W. (2013). Three reasons to flip your classroom. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/lainemarsh/3-reasons-to-flip-tesol-2013-32113


: The current study is a complementary research work to evaluate the effect of the wear caused on the sewability efficiency of fabric during marker layingand handling ingarment making process and to propose preventive ways by textile softenerapplication. Literature and previous research work have shown that the needle penetration force is associated with the ease of stitching process and hence the sewability property of the fabric. Needle penetration force can be reliably measured using L & M sewability tester. The rigid structure of the woven fabricsis known to generate high needle penetration forcesand to be susceptible to wear. The use of the Martindale apparatus is known to produce reliable and reproductive results of wear and has been used to lightly abrade the samples as a simulation of the light wear caused in the previously mentioned stages of marker laying. In addition, softeners are known for their capability to lubricate the fabric surface and in change the coefficient of friction, affecting wear and friction of the penetrating needle. The effect of softener presence on the needle penetration force exerted by the lightly abraded lubricated and non-lubricated samples was evaluated before and after wear and the percentage mass losses were measured.


The union catalogue COBIB.SR is a result of online shared cataloguing and contains over 1.350.000 bibliographic and catalogue records. The catalogue is accessible for all Internet users via http://vbs.nbs.bg.ac.vu/cobiss/. The catalogue/database searching is done by the COBISS software which includes the possibilities: of multimedia displaying and selecting desired items from catalogue list of the different libraries, activation of hyperlinks inside of database records, going to the Internet and listing the bibliographic data retrieved in the reports of standardized forms. Searching is adapted to be suitable to the requirements and expertise's of different users through the three search modes: beginners', intermediate and advanced. Searches are done by search indexes that both words and words and phrases. The syntax is standard with logic, context and numerical operators. The shared database contains more than 80 indexes (from which 28 indexes are described in the OP AC as the most frequently used) and it is distinguished by them in comparison with the similar catalogue databases mainly searchable by 5 or 10 indexes.


...................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Table of contents ................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 5 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Research question .............................................................................................................. 7 3 Background and relevant literature ......................................................................................... 9 3.1 Petroleum mechanism ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Order flow theory ............................................................................................................ 11 4 Methodology and data ......................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Order flow data ............................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Oil price.......................................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Interest rates .................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Foreign exchange rates..................................................................................................... 25 4.5 Empirical model .............................................................................................................. 27 5 Analysis.............................................................................................................................. 28 6 Results................................................................................................................................ 35 7 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................... 42 References ................................................................................................................................. 44 Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 47 A Figures ............................................................................................................................... 47 B Graphs ................................................................................................................................ 48 C Tables................................................................................................................................. 52 D Literature review ................................................................................................................. 55 E Data collection .................................................................................................................... 67


Lupus nephritis is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Multiple pathological mechanisms attribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. These mechanisms can be grossly divided into two groups, extrarenal or intrarenal pathways. A variety of genetic variants break immune tolerance to nuclear autoantigens, as evident from the existence of antinuclear antibodies. Furthermore, molecular mimicry of endogenous nucleic acids activating Toll-like receptors trigger antiviral immunity. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathomechanisms of lupus nephritis.


It is known that elementary bosons condense in a unique state, not so much because this state has the lowest free-particle energy but because it costs a macroscopic amount of energy to put the particles into different states which can then interact through quantum particle exchanges. Since individual exchanges between the two fermions of a composite boson are ignored when composite particles are replaced by elementary bosons, it is of importance to reconsider the exchange-energy argument for the stability of the Bose-Einstein condensate in the case of composite bosons. We do this here in the light of the new many-body theory which allows us to take exactly into account all possible exchanges between the fermionic components of the composite bosons. We confirm that the condensate of composite bosons occupies a single state, this state being moreover pure: a coherent superposition of states close in energy is shown to be less favorable for both elementary and composite bosons.


Rescue stenting may be considered during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) if a newly recanalized intracranial vessel keeps re‐occluding, or recanalization is not achieved with conventional thrombectomy methods. There are multiple published case series with mixed results on safety and efficacy of this approach, and there are no available randomized trials. We aimed to compare the outcomes of rescue intracranial stenting with unsuccessful/poor reperfusion after MT.

 Retrospective review of ischemic stroke patients who underwent MT from 2016–2021. Emergent intracranial stent patients were selected and compared with those who had poor/unsuccessful post‐procedural reperfusion (TICI 0–2a). Initial ASPECT score, NIHSS, number of passes, and MT method (aspiration vs stentriever) were recorded. Complications (intracranial hemorrhage, vessel perforation, groin or retroperitoneal hematoma, or distal embolization), final infarct size, 90‐day mRS, and mortality were analyzed.

 Sixteen patients underwent emergent intracranial stenting. Of the 89patients with failed MT, 34 had TICI 2a, 11 had TICI 1, and 44 had TICI 0 reperfusion. All 16 stenting patients achieved TICI 2B‐3 grade recanalization. Pre‐procedure ASPECT score was similar between both groups. Six patients had either intracranial vertebral or basilar artery stenting, and 10 had either intracranial ICA or MCA stenting. Patients with posterior compared to anterior circulation involvement were more likely to receive stenting (50% vs 11%, p = 0.003). There were no differences in the stenting versus non‐stenting group in 24‐hour post intervention NIHSS, post‐procedural complications, intracranial hemorrhage, infarct size, and mortality (75% vs 67%). The stenting group had better functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 90 days (33% vs 11%, p = 0.04). There were no outcome differences in anterior compared to posterior circulation stenting.

 Rescue stenting was more often seen with posterior circulation strokes. In patients with failed or unsuccessful reperfusion after conventional MT, emergent stenting achieved better 90‐day functional independence without increasing rates of complications, intracranial hemorrhage, or mortality.


Background: Until 2019, first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Southern Africa consisted of one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). As a response to the increasing level of NNRTI resistance, these drugs are being replaced by dolutegravir (DTG), an integrase inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance. Patients failing an NNRTI-based regimen might therefore start DTG-based therapy with preexisting NRTI resistance, potentially jeopardizing the long-term success of DTG-based ART. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence of NRTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in patients failing NNRTI-based ART in Southern Africa. Methods: We searched several bibliographic databases, including Embase and Medline, from inception to May 2019 to identify studies reporting NRTI DRMs observed among adult HIV-positive patients experiencing virological failure on first-line NNRTI-based regimens in countries of Southern Africa. After screening titles and abstracts, two independent reviewers assessed full manuscripts of potentially eligible studies and extracted data. We developed a hierarchical logistic meta-regression model to synthesize the effect of different ART regimen on the emergence of NRTI and NNRTI DRMs across studies, accounting for ART duration and study-specific effects. Analyses were performed in a Bayesian framework using the rstan package in R.Results: Of 7,579 studies, 3,247 were duplicates and 4,135 were excluded after initial screening. After assessing 194 full-texts, we included 15 studies with 17 study samples and 2,432 individuals from South Africa (13 studies), Mozambique (1), Botswana (1), Lesotho (1) and Zambia (1). We analyzed the dynamics of nine NRTI DRMs by ART regimen. Baseline levels of DRMs were low, ranging from 0.2% to 7.8%. The use of emtricitabine/lamivudine was associated with development of high levels of the M184V/I mutation (1.2% at baseline vs. 64% after 3 years on treatment). When emtricitabine/lamivudine was combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, a substantial increase in the K65R mutation (0.8% at baseline vs. 69.5% after 3 years) was observed. We also analyzed the dynamics of seven NNRTI DRMs after 3 years. With a prevalence of 45.6% after 3 years of efavirenz, K103 was the most prevalent NNRTI resistance mutation, followed by V106 (35.5% after 3 years of efavirenz) and Y181 (14.7% after 3 years of nevirapine).Interpretation: In patients failing first-line ART in Southern Africa, the prevalence of NRTI DRM is high, suggesting that a substantial proportion of patients failing NNRTI-based regimen will switch to DTG-based regimen with non-working NRTIs. This could potentially impair the long-term efficacy of DTG-introduction in Southern Africa.


Objective:To determine and compare the contents of quercetin in different parts(flowers,leaves and roots)of Rosa chinensis.Methods: Samples were extracted with HCl-methanol mixed solution and separated on Zorbax SB-C18 column(150 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitril-water(0.2% phosphoric acid)(35∶65) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was set at 367 nm.Results: The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 5.04 μg/ml~50.4 μg/ml.The regression equation was A= 91731C-288917(r = 0.9998).The average recovery was 99.5% with RSD of 2.1%.The contents of quercetin in different parts of Rosa Chinensis were as follows: flowersleavesroots.Conclusion: This method is simple and accurate.The experimental results are reproducible.It can be used for exploitation and quality control of Rosa Chinensis Jacq.


This research was supported by NIH grants CA-27791,CA-38637 and CA-11198. The authors thank K. Alliet, S.Curnick, P. Gregory, L. Macler and K. Schultz for theirexcellent technical assistance, C. Love for preparing themanuscript andDrE.L. Travis for stimulatingdiscussions.ReferencesFOWLER, J.F. (1984). What next in fractionatedradiotherapy?, Br. J. Cancer, 49, Suppl. VI, 285.SIEMANN, D.W., HILL, R.P. &PENNEY,D.P. (1982). Earlyand late pulmonary toxicity in mice evaluated 180and 420 days following localized lung irradiation.Radiat. Res., 89, 396.


In the present paper author through an empirical analysis will point out that import penetration in Greek manufacturing during the period 1988-1999 depends on globalization and the share of labor cost in value added of production. A discussion is made. The sample covers all 'two-digit' manufacturing sectors of the Greek economy. Data are taken from ElStat. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.


Cissampelos pareira Linn. var. hirsuta belongs to family Menispermaceae. It is commonly known as venivel. The present study was undertaken to carry out pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation of the roots of the plant. Different pharmacognostical parameters studied were macroscopy and microscopy, fluorescence analysis, physicochemical analysis and elemental analysis. Phytochemical analysis included preliminary screening and qualitative chemical tests for identification of the chemical constituents present in the roots. In the light of the above factors, the purpose of the study was to set up the standardization parameters which can be of immense value for the identification of the genuine drug.


Abstract Ubisense RTLS is one of the Indoor positioning systems using an Ultra Wide Band. AOA and TDOA methods are used as a principle of positioning. The accuracy of positioning depends primarily on the accuracy of determined angles and distance differences. The paper presents the results of accuracy research which includes a theoretical accuracy prediction and a practical test. Theoretical accuracy was calculated for two variants of system components geometry, assuming the parameters declared by the system manufacturer. Total station measurements were taken as a reference during the practical test. The results of the analysis are presented in a graphical form. A sample implementation (MagMaster) developed by Globema is presented in the final part of the paper.


During its 2011 term, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a total of 75 decisions—65 signed opinions and 10 summary reversals. Twenty-seven cases at least touched upon a criminal justice-related issue. While some of these decisions will have only a slight impact on the daily administration of justice, there were a number of significant cases involving criminal justice-related topics such as search and seizure, eyewitness identification procedures, interrogations, and sentencing. An examination of all of the Court's decisions reveals some interesting patterns. Forty-four percent (33 of 75) of the Court's decisions were unanimous judgments, while eight decisions had only a solo dissent. Six cases were decided by a 7-2 vote and 13 cases were decided by a 6-3 vote. Fifteen cases (20%) were decided by a narrow 5-4 margin. The number is similar to the 2010 term. The lineup of justices in the 5-4 cases was fairly consistent. Justice Kennedy remains a crucial swing vote on the court, moving between a solid four vote ''conservative'' bloc consisting of Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Thomas, and Alito, and a four vote ''liberal'' bloc of Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan. Justice Kennedy was in the majority in twelve of the fifteen 5-4 decisions. Five times he sided with the conservative bloc and 5 times with the liberal bloc. Justice Kennedy and Chief Justice Roberts were in the majority in 93% and 92%, respectively, of all decisions. Justice Kennedy, no doubt as a function of his ''swing'' status, authored the most majority opinions overall (nine) and also authored the most majority opinions (four) in 5-4 cases. Neither Justice Ginsburg, generally considered the most liberal member of the Court, nor Justices Scalia and Thomas, usually considered the most conservative, wrote a majority opinion in a 5-4 decision. Justices Scalia and Breyer were the most prolific opinion writers, with 22 opinions each. They also tied for the most dissents, with 10 apiece. Justice Kagan authored only 11 opinions—7 majority opinions and 1 dissent. Justice Kennedy was the only member of the Court not to write a concurring opinion. Justices Scalia and Thomas were in agreement in 93% of all the cases, while Justices Scalia and Ginsburg were in agreement in only 56% of the cases.


Capillary sprouting is an important mechanism that initiates neovascularization. Because observation of capillary sprouting and its morphological staging can be problematic, we sought to establish a simple model of capillary growth.


The invention relates to a method of operating a drive system (1, 1 ') with an internal combustion engine (2), wherein the drive system (1, 1') an electric motor-assisted exhaust-driven supercharger (6) or a purely electrically driven charging means (9), with the following steps: - checking (S1) whether a switching process has been started, and a drive train is correspondingly opened; - Upon detection of an initiated switching operation, setting (S2) of the compressor power of the charging device (6, 9), by additionally providing electric power to the electric motor-assisted exhaust gas-driven supercharger (6) or to the all-electric charging means (9) so that at least end of the switching operation, a load pressure in a load-pressure section of the drive system (1, 1 ') is provided which is higher than a load pressure at a provided during the shift exhaust enthalpy of the internal combustion engine (2) results in corresponding compressor performance.


This study investigates the path that leads materialists to purchase foreign products online. The study finds materialism's effects as bandwagon luxury consumption behaviour and perceived brand globalness. It also shows how consumer innovation affects consumer behaviour between bandwagon luxury consumption and inclination to purchase foreign luxury goods online. An online cross-sectional survey was utilized to collect data from 210 respondents who bought luxury goods from abroad in Pakistan. The findings demonstrate that Bandwagon luxury consumption patterns and brand-perceived globalness have a significant positive relationship with materialism and intention to purchase foreign luxury goods online and that Bandwagon luxury consumption patterns positively mediate this relationship. Consumer innovation significantly moderates the relationship between bandwagon luxury consumption and the propensity to purchase foreign luxury goods online. This study will be beneficial for foreign brand marketers interested in targeting Pakistani consumers through various channels and identifying bandwagon behaviour among Pakistanis


The invention relates to a process for the separation of tryptophan from aqueous mixtures, in particular already partially reclaimed fermentation broths, by means of the simulated countercurrent or SMB (simulated moving bed) chromatography and an apparatus for carrying out the method.


ABSTRACT Den Gamle By (The Old Town) in Aarhus, Denmark, exhibits many valuable artefacts that are impossible to evacuate in an emergency. Studies were carried out to investigate whether it is possible to protect them in case of fire using a fire-retardant cover. In this experiment, eight different types of covers were tested in a realistic fire experiment. The results show that it is possible to find suitable materials for the protection of museum artefacts in the event of fire.


This article summarises all excavations in Greek lands of which particulars have reached me since the completion of my report published a year ago. American School At Corinth, Professor T. L. Shear continued his excavations at the Theatre, and at the presumed site of the Sanctuary of Athena Chalinitis. At the former, he has now cleared the entire Orchestra, with the Parodoi leading into it, and uncovered the front part of the stage and the lower rows of the cavea. The wall painted with life-sized figures of men and beasts, which was found in 1925, has now been all laid bare, and on it are preserved novel and interesting scenes in brilliant colours. In one case, a bull, richly bedecked with ribbons and fillets, has rushed on the extended spear held by a crouching gladiator, and blood is shown streaming from a wound in its throat. In another scene, which represents an acrobat making a pole-vault over the back of a charging leopard, both man and beast are depicted at the moment when they are in the air. In another, an athlete, with hands on the ground and head raised, is about to spring over the back of a huge charging lion.


Applied agricultural research that is concerned with highly specific production methods and growing conditions differs in its purposes and social value from more "academic" kinds of research intended to advance knowledge in a more general and less immediately practical way. Nevertheless, it is conducted in an institutional setting established largely for the latter kind of research. Many people have suggested that the resulting conflicts could be reduced by introducing greater flexibility into the professional reward system for agricultural researchers. However, the mismatch may go too deep to be fixed this way. An alternative would be to remove highly applied researchfrom the academic domain and treat it instead as a service to the university's outside constituencies. A service orientation is especially appropriate for publicly supported universities, which is where most such research is done.


A portrait of Jerusalem which has maintained its powerful hold on the imagination since ancient times. Elon examines historical, religious, cultural and political aspects and speculates on the future.


The invention relates to a pipe-in-pipe buckle arrestor based on a dentate section deformation element. The pipe-in-pipe buckle arrestor is characterized in that the dentate section deformation element is added between an inner pipe and an outer pipe of a pipe-in-pipe. The dentate section deformation element is buckled in the bending deformation process of the pipeline, so that the relative movement of the inner pipe and the outer pipe is prevented from becoming larger, and meanwhile, the function of resisting internal pressure is achieved. According to the pipe-in-pipe buckle arrestor composed of the dentate section deformation element and a plastic shell, the size of the pipe-in-pipe needs not be changed. The pipe-in-pipe buckle arrestor is directly installed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and a thermal insulation device of the pipe-in-pipe is not influenced. The buckle arrestor has further universality, and can be cut specific to pipe-in-pipes with different sizes. In addition, the buckle arrestor can be directly installed on the outer pipe by a pipe-in-pipe manufacturer. The heat insulation property of the buckle arrestor can be further improved by selecting the plastic shell made of a heat insulation material. According to the pipe-in-pipe buckle arrestor, buckling and buckling propagation of the deepwater pipe-in-pipe in storage, installation and running can be prevented, so that the installation and buckle arresting efficiency of the deepwater pipe-in-pipe is improved, and the cost is reduced.


I paid attention to the fact that surrealism emerging in early 20th century has been resurfacing in the 21st century. It may be because of the increasing interest on the space showing the surrealistic features as people in these days prefer the experimental and dramatic space beyond repetitive daily life. I tried to identify the expressive characteristics in the interior space adopting the depaysement technique among a variety of expression techniques of surrealism. To this end, this paper selected 10 interior design projects by Fabio Novembre and Marcel Wanders since 2000s. As the methodology, chapter 2 examined the theories to identify the expression targets and approaches of depaysement around the art paintings. Next, the standard for case analysis in this paper was established by investigating the existing theses related to interior and space design with depaysement as the key word. The expressive characteristics of depaysement identified from the existing researches were classified into morphological, figurative, material and space program. Those programs were developed as the classification system in this paper. Chapter 3 described the design background and features of Fabio Novembre and Marcel Wanders. On the basis of the features and analysis framework identified in chapter 2 and 3, chapter 4 analyzed the features of depaysement observed in the works by both designers. The conclusion was presented in chapter 5. For the expressive characteristics of depaysement observed in the space by both designers, Novembre created optical illusion using distortion or overlap on the morphological aspect. Wanders showed mainly the feature of changing the scale. In accordance with the analysis on expression principles, the features including spatial continuity, ambiguity of border, visual amusement and uncertainty were differentiated in all spaces.


Pigeons are susceptible to various pollutants. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of nematode parasites in the bioremediation of metal accumulation in domestic pigeon Columba livia. A total of 26 domestic pigeons from poultry farm in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; were collected randomly. The concentration of elements in infected and non-infected pigeons was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The levels of the metal varied that depending on different tissues. During this study, zinc was measured as the dominant metal. Overall, the results showed that all heavy metals concentrations in liver samples were significantly higher than in other pigeon tissues. Nematodes have been collected and described in the intestinal tract of pigeons. The results showed that intestinal nematode parasites in the tissues of infected pigeons caused a significant decrease in metal concentrations compared to non-infected ones. Bioaccumulation factors have shown that nematode parasites have a higher concentration potential than pigeon tissues. Adult nematode infection in domestic pigeons is considered a biomarker of heavy metal contamination, and its presence reduced the biosynthesis of heavy metals in pigeon tissues.


This study was designed to evaluate the physiological and cytological responses in liver of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute copper exposure. Fish were exposed to three Cu treatments at the following concentrations: 0 (control), 1.96 mg/L and 3.92 mg/L, and liver samples were collected after 96h of exposure. Observation of oil red O staining showed that acute copper exposure increased lipid accumulation in liver, which may due to changes of hepatic enzyme activities (malic enzyme, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferases l) and lesions of some organelles such as mitochondria and swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. This study indicated that acute copper exposure induced hepatic lipid metabolic disturbances and damaged hepatic organelle in GIFT tilapia.


AbstractThree analytical methods are used to evaluate the lateral buckle capacity of perfectly straight pipelines supported by a seafloor foundation: the beam-on-elastic-foundation method, the Kerr...


In order to construct culture-inclusive theories of psychology to establish an autonomous academic tradition of Confucian humanism, this article provides a commentary on Zongshan Mou's philosophy of intellectual intuition (智的直覺) as well as his systematic bias in translating Kant's epistemology of transcendental idealism (先驗理念論) into Chinese as 'transcendent idealism' (超越觀念論). I will demonstrate that his systematic bias in translating Kant's epistemology into Chinese may hinder his followers in developing a comprehensive understanding of the dialectical relationships among various paradigms of the Western philosophy of science, while his philosophy of intellectual intuition not only deviates from the original philosophical stance of pre-Qin Confucians towards Heaven (天) and Dao (道), but also leads to his misunderstanding of Zhu Xi's philosophy and exploration of human nature (性), which may help us to understand the necessity of a psychodynamic model of cultural psychology with its emphasis on collective unconsciousness instead of the metaphor of Height Psychology.


This paper proposes a new method for designing high frequency switching mode resonant converters based on energy injection control instead of traditional forced switching conversion, and summarizes some basic principles for designing current-fed energy injection converters. Three example topologies of current-fed energy injection converters based on these principles are presented. In addition, two existing push-pull and class E converters are analyzed from the perspective of these principles too for comparison purposes. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of voltage-fed and current-fed energy converters are outlined. Major obstacles for increasing the operating frequencies of current-fed energy injection converters are discussed, and the possible solutions suggested.


Due to complex nature of the collapse phenomena, along with its important role in structural performance, collapse assessment has recently gained a great attention in performance based earthquake engineering. Furthermore, uncertain sensitive parameters on seismic collapse performance have intensified the complexity. In this paper, a novel probabilistic approach based on simulating failure modes within IDA framework with application of Bayesian Probability Network (BPN) is proposed to evaluate collapse of structures. Applying pushover analysis, likely Failure Modes (FMs) are recognized first, and then along with sensitive Random Variables (RVs), these FMs are incorporated in BPN. Conditional probability of these FMs related to the incorporated RVs, are calculated within IDA agendum, which directly considers record-to-record uncertainty. Some of the results investigated in this research are: Comparing mean annual rate of collapse derived from the proposed method with the conventional limit-states considered in IDA approach, detection of structural response in a probabilistic framework and updating through BPN. Totally, it can be claimed that via the newly proposed methodology not only the safety index of structures are calculated in an effective way, but also structural response in the collapse limit state is detected probabilistically.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract ADPLL is contributing vital role in advancement in electronics and digital communication since 1980. Design of ADPLL techniques has made ADPLL very important. ADPLL is still continuing to give better and better results. In the era of modern world ADPLL has great contribution in digital communication systems. This paper gives basic details of an ADPLL. It provides summary of the basic ADPLL principle applicable to electronics and digital communication. It also reports all components of ADPLL and distinguish among them.


In the very middle of the Second World War in The Hague, the Netherlands, a colour animation film of Walt Disney-like quality was made as an anti-Semitic 'sequel' to the medieval Dutch fable Van den vos Reynaerde (About Reynard the Fox). Part of this film was discovered as recently as the 1990s in the German Bundesarchiv and restored by the Nederlands Filmmuseum. Only a few years ago, the remaining parts were found and so it became possible to see and study the complete film. In this article, I will explore the film and its makers, and why until recently few knew that this film existed. This article covers the complete film and presents source material that was unknown until now. It all started with Robert van Genechten (1895–1945). This radical Flemish activist fled to the Netherlands at the end of the First World War, after which he was sentenced in absentia to eight years imprisonment by a Belgian court. He finished his law studies in Utrecht and became a lawyer in that city. In June 1930, he acquired Dutch citizenship. In 1934, he joined the Dutch National Socialist movement – the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging or NSB. He published extensively about the Flemish movement, capitalism and the dietsche connection between Flanders and the Netherlands. He became one of the most prominent theoreticians of the NSB and, from October 1938, also head of the Departement Vorming (department for sociocultural training). In 1937, he published his only literary work, Van den vos Reynaerde, in Nieuw Nederland, the political and cultural monthly of the NSB, as part of his activities as head of the department.


To strengthen the tumble (TUMBLE) the flow of the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber and of course increase the output fuel efficiency, so as to reduce the exhaust gas; A combustion chamber formed between the upper portion of the piston head and having a projection of the pent-roof shape corresponding to the bottom shape of the bottom and the cylinder head of the cylinder head is formed in a pent-roof shape as; Intake and exhaust valves are respectively disposed on the intake and exhaust port formed in the cylinder head at both sides of the combustion chamber, and; And a spark plug which is disposed above the cylinder head of said combustion chamber; And a fuel injection means a fuel injector directly injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, The piston head projection of the projection yiui is formed in an eccentric state toward the exhaust, in cylinder center axis crankshaft axial direction but forming an orthogonal boul being concave in a direction, the boul is the exhaust side wide intake side wide and comprises a spherical surface which both sides are concave outwardly from the narrow state, composed of the bottom surface from the exhaust side to increasingly deepen inclined toward the air intake, the intake port is formed so that the intake air flows toward the exhaust side portion of the bowl direct injection provides the engine. Bowl. Tumble


In this paper, the finite element model of C/C-SiC microstructure characterizing different scale parameters was established for the woven C/C-SiC composites. The strain energy method was used to study the effects of relevant parameters for the microstructure upon the macroscopic performances of C/C-SiC composites. A model of microstructure optimization for C/C-SiC composite was present according to the influences of different parameters,. Numerical computing results were compared for many cases of C/C-SiC composites with different scale parameters. It is shown that the elastic properties of C/C-SiC composites are associated with the scale parameters identified in the C/C-SiC composites.


ABSTRACT This paper presents the development of hybrid machine learning models to forecast the natural flows of water bodies. Five models were considered under the analysis: extreme gradient boosting (XGB), extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector regression (SVR), elastic net linear model (EN), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). The grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) optimized all of the models' internal parameters. A feature selection approach was embedded in the hybrid model to reduce the number of input variables. The hybrid model performed the forecasts considering one, three, five, and seven days ahead on data collected from Cahora Bassa dam, Mozambique. In the experiments conducted in this paper, XGB outperformed EN, ELM, MARS, and SVR, presenting lower prediction error and uncertainty. The proposed XGB model arises as an alternative to help with flow prediction, which is crucial for hydroelectric power plant activity.


Recent advances in laser and optical technologies have now enabled the current generation of high intensity, ultrashort-pulse lasers to achieve focal intensities of 10{sup 20}-10{sup 21} W/cm{sup 2} in pulse durations of 100-500fs. These ultraintense laser pulses are capable of producing highly relativistic plasma states with densities, temperatures, and pressures rivaling those found in the interiors of stars and nuclear weapons. Utilizing the ultraintense 100TW JanUSP laser at LLNL we have explored the possibility of ion shock heating small micron-sized plasmas to extremely high energy densities approaching 1GJ/g on timescales of a few hundred femtoseconds. The JanUSP laser delivers 10 Joules of energy in a 100fs pulse in a near diffraction-limited beam, producing intensities on target of up to 10{sup 21}W/cm{sup 2}. The electric field of the laser at this intensity ionizes and accelerates electrons to relativistic MeV energies. The sudden ejection of electrons from the focal region produces tremendous electrostatic forces which in turn accelerate heavier ions to MeV energies. The predicted ion flux of 1 MJ/cm{sup 2} is sufficient to achieve thermal equilibrium conditions at high temperature in solid density targets. Our initial experiments were carried out at the available laser contrast of 10{sup -7} (i.e. the contrastmore » of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and of the pre-pules produced in the regenerative amplifier). We used the nuclear photoactivation of Au-197 samples to measure the gamma production above 12MeV-corresponding to the threshold for the Au-197(y,n) reaction. Since the predominant mechanism for gamma production is through the bremsstrahlung emission of energetic electrons as they pass through the solid target we were able to infer a conversion yield of several percent of the incident laser energy into electrons with energies >12MeV. This result is consistent with the interaction of the main pulse with a large pre-formed plasma. The contrast of the laser was improved to the 10{sup -10} level by the insertion of two additional pockel cells to reduce the pre-pulse intensities, and by the implementation of a pulse clean up technique based on adding an additional pre-amplifier and saturable absorber which resulted in a reduction in the ASE level by a factor of approximately 1000. In FY00/01 we performed a series of experiments to investigate the mechanisms for ion generation and acceleration in thin foil targets irradiated at incident laser intensities above 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}, and with the laser contrast at 10{sup -10}. Full details of this work can be found in the two accompanying papers: Energy spectrum and angular distribution of multi-MeV protons produced from ultraintense laser interactions, UCRL-JC-143112, P.K. Pate1 et al., and Enhancement of proton acceleration by hot electron re-circulation in thin foils irradiated by ultra-intense laser pulses, A.J. Mackinnon et al. UCRL-JC-145540. To obtain a more complete picture of the ion emission a range of detectors were developed and fielded including radiachromic films (measuring ion, electron, and x-ray dose), nuclear activation detectors (high energy protons), and single particle nuclear track detectors (protons and heavy ions). Significantly we found that a large fraction of the incident laser energy (greater than 1%) is coupled to highly energetic protons forming a well-collimated beam. The proton spectrum can be fit by an exponential distribution containing 10{sup 11} particles with a mean energy of 3 MeV and a high energy cutoff of 25 MeV. However, these particles appear to originate not from the interaction region at the front of the target but rather from a thin adsorption layer on the rear surface.« less


The invention is applicable to the technical field of network bridges and provides a network bridge based data message processing method, a device and a network bridge. The network bridge based data message processing method includes determining a detection mode of a network bridge; acquiring detection parameters of data messages when the data messages are received through a protocol stack inlet; detecting data messages suitable for forwarding according to the detection mode and the acquired detection parameters. According to the network bridge based data message processing method, since suitable forwarding messages are subjected to device to device expedited forwarding, compared with existing network bridge data message processing methods, the network bridge based data message processing method has the advantages that processing of network bridge intermediate codes is optimized, calling times of software interrupt are reduced, the whole processing of the network bridge is simplified, the processing time of the data messages in the network bridge is further reduced, and processing efficiency of the data messages is improved.


This study examines the influence of role conflict, role ambiguity, self-efficacy, sensitivity of professional ethics to auditor performance with emotional quotient as Moderating variable. Respondents in this study are auditors who worked for public accounting firm in Pekanbaru, Batam, Medan. The number of auditor that were visited in this study were 145 auditors from 29 public accounting firms. The method of determining the sample is by using purposive sampling method, while the data processing methods used by researcher are the multiple regression and moderate regression analysis. The result shows that the role conflict, role ambiguity, negatively and significantly influence auditor performance. Self-efficacy and sensitivity of professional ethic positively and significantly influence auditor performance. Emotional quotient can be a moderating variable to role conflict, self-efficacy, sensitivity of professional ethics, but it cannot be a moderating variable for role ambiguity. Keywords: role conflict, role ambiguity, self-efficacy, sensitivity of professional ethics, emotional quotient, auditor performance


The research work involves the kinematic and dynamic analyses of flexible manipulators of (a) known architecture, (b) arbitrary architecture, and (c) redundant manipulators. The analyses also include the solution of constrained problems. In order to increase the computational efficiencies various efficient numerical schemes have also been studied for solving the dynamic problems. -- The constrained displacement analysis of these manipulator has been carried out by successive linear approximation principle where linear and non linear constraints can be handled. The constrained velocity and acceleration analyses have been carried out using quadratic programming principle and simplex method. -- In the dynamic analysis, the equations of motion have been obtained using the finite element method. The global system matrices are function of end-effector position and the force vector is a function of kinematic parameters. The dynamic equations are solved using four efficient numerical techniques. The methods of solving the constrained dynamic equations are the Karmarkar's algorithm and the simplex method. To reduce the size of the system matrices, the Guyan reduction technique and component mode synthesis have been used.


Prealbumin concentration was measured in 80 patients with the Array reagent (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, Calif) on a Synchron CX7 system (Beckman Coulter), and the results were correlated with those obtained with rate nephelometry on an Array 360 (Beckman Coulter). The assay enables quantitative determination of prealbumin concentration in human serum by automated immunoprecipitin analysis using five calibrator levels. The within-run and between-run precision for low, mid, and high samples was 4.3%, 3.4%, and 3.2%, and 7.8%, 3.6%, and 6.7%, respectively. Linearity was confirmed by dilution to 31.3 mg/dL. Statistical analysis reports a correlation coefficient of 0.982, slope of 0.90, intercept of 0.64, and standard error of the estimate of 1.3. The Array prealbumin reagent and Synchron CX7 system provides rapid, reliable results over a clinically relevant range, allows optimal utilization of laboratory personnel and resources, and reduces cost by using existing instrumentation.


Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a valuable tool for the biotech industry. This paper summarizes some of the contributions of MET in the characterization of the recombinant antigens are part of vaccines or vaccine candidates obtained in the CIGB. It mentions the use of complementary techniques MET (Negative staining, and immunoelectron) that enhance visualization and ultrastructural characterization of the recombinant proteins obtained by Genetic Engineering.


English is a tool for communication. English teaching aims to nurture the students' ability to use the language. This ability is mainly reflected by their spoken ability. Based on communicative approach, this article touches upon on how to apply the communicative approach in college oral English teaching. Firstly, the author introduces the development of communicative approach in English teaching. Then the author discusses the disadvantages of the application of communicative approach and how to solve this problem. To sum up, the author believes that the application of communicative approach will surely have a positive effect on oral English teaching and will be quite effective to improve the students' communicative competence.


A clevis and tube joint structure is arranged between the base station of a foot rest and a foot tube, including a clamp base, a shaft piece, a quick switch knob and a fixed axle center. The clamp base is connected with the upper end of the foot tube; the shaft piece is rotationally matched in the clamping part of the clamp base and arranged in the pivoted base of the base station; the upper end of the quick switch knob is provided with a trepan boring and the external wall is provided with a ball joint; the ball joint is communicated with the trepan boring; the quick switch knob is jacketed outside the clamp base through the trepan boring; the two ends of the fixed axle center are respectively provided with a ball head and a screw rod; the ball head matched with the ball joint of the quick switch knob makes the fixed axle center penetrate the first punch hole and the second punch hole on the clamp base, and then the fixed axle center is screwed on a fastening nut.


541 Background: Fulvestrant, an ER downregulator, can be effective in metastatic ER+ breast cancer but resistance is a problem. Everolimus inhibits mTOR; a key pathway in endocrine resistance. We hypothesized that everolimus may delay resistance to fulvestrant and thus improve its efficacy. Methods: We enrolled postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer who experienced disease relapse or progression within 6 months of AI use and had measurable/evaluable disease. Fulvestrant was given at 500 mg IM on day1, 250 mg d14, d28, and monthly thereafter. Everolimus was given at 10 mg po daily. Primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP) and secondary endpoints included safety, response, and biomarker analysis. A sample size of 40 patients was calculated to meet a median TTP of 7 vs. 3.7 months for fulvestrant alone as reported in the EFECT trial. Tumor blocks were collected and biopsies done for accessible disease. Results: 33 patients were enrolled. 2 were ineligible and are excluded from analysis. Median age...


This paper evaluates the relationship among minimum wage, average wage and employment in Chinese manufacturing firms based on the exogenous variation of city-level minimum wages from 1998—2007. It is found that if the minimum wages increase by 10%, then the average wages in firms would pick up by 0.4%—0.5%, though there are some heterogeneity in the effect of minimum wage on various firms in different industries and asset per capita levels. The minimum wage policy would contribute more to the average wages hikes of labor intensive firms or firms with lower asset per capita than to other firms. With regard to the employment, it is shown that every raise of minimum wage by 10% would lead to significant employment loss by 0.6% or so. The policy makers should balance the positive effect of minimum wage on the income distribution and its negative effect on the employment as far as the labor regulation is concerned.


The advances made in the development of gas turbine engines during the past two decades have been remarkable. The engines have been improved tremendously in terms of power, weight, efficiency and cost. They are now being applied successfully as the prime movers for helicopters, VTOL aircraft, ground power units and for many other diverse purposes, besides the more conventional military and civil aircraft. There have been parallel advances in the development of gas turbine engine fuel systems (which for convenience may be subdivided into the "control" and the "pumping arrangement"). These systems were originally wholly hydro-mechanical in nature. Sixteen or so years ago, the first supplementary electronic devices were introduced into fuel control systems. Since then, progressively more complex hybrid electronic/hydro-mechanical systems have been employed, with a corresponding easement of the demands on the hydro-mechanical portion. In 1957 Sturrock described to this Society what is now the classic Proteus engine control system used in Britannia aircraft. The satisfactory experience gained with the Proteus system led to the adoption of a comprehensive electronic fuel control system, coupled to a relatively simple fuel pumping system, for the supersonic Olympus engine. This system has been described by Hunt and by Colburn, Tweedy and Dent in papers presented at the joint RAeS/IEE conference "The Importance of Electricity in Aircraft" in 1962. Further papers by Rush presented at the same conference and by Airey in 1963, were devoted to the more general aspects of control.


The digitalization of museum collections and concurrent increase in citizen-scienceinitiatives is ushering in an era of unprecedented availability of primary biodiversity data. These changespermit a reappraisal of phenological patterns of tropical species. I examined spatio-temporal variation in thedistribution patterns of an ostensibly sedentary endemic Brazilian flycatcher, the Ash-throated Casiornis(Casiornis fuscus), using both specimen data from museums and sighting records and rich media data fromcitizen-science initiatives. I found compelling evidence for partial intratropical longitudinal migration toAmazonia and the Cerrado biomes from the species' core range in the semi-desert Caatinga biome andadjacent ecotones. These records from outside of the Caatinga were distributed during the height of the dryseason from April to October, although the Caatinga is not entirely vacated at this time. This pattern ofpartial migration leads to a doubling of the distributional range of Ash-throated Casiornises and stronglysuggests that the species is a breeding near-endemic of the Caatinga biome. This pattern was potentiallypreviously not apparent because of significant biases in specimen collection between biomes, giving a falsesense of abundance in the Brazilian Amazon.


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A rusty crayfish ( Faxonius rusticus ) tail flipping. Photo credit: Todd Currier.

Male crayfish are notoriously boastful, growing enormous claws – chelae – to impress the ladies. But they can also be the most colossal liars, telling fibs about their prowess with oversized


The main results of the theory of separable algorithmic representations of classical algebraic systems are presented. The most important classes of such systems and their representations in the lower classes of the arithmetic hierarchy - positive and negative - are described. Special attention is paid to the algorithmic, structural and topological properties of separable representations of groups, rings and bodies, as well as to effective analogs of the Maltsev theorem on embedding rings in bodies. The possibilities of using the studied concepts in the framework of theoretical informatics are considered.


The Māori fertility transition brought an end to decades of very high fertility rates, and a convergence towards long-term fertility levels similar to Pākehā/New Zealand European women. However, important differences endure. The Māori total fertility rate (TFR) remains above replacement level, and Māori women have children earlier and over a longer period. All of this has and still is occurring in a society that facilitates and favours low fertility and small family sizes. Using births data and cultural identity markers in the New Zealand Census, this paper explores the influence of culture as a contributing factor to higher fertility outcomes amongst Māori women in a low-fertility society. escribed as one of the most dramatic fertility transitions to occur in recent history (Pool, 1991; Wereta, 1994), Māori birth rates underwent a steep and rapid decline between 1966 and 1976, abruptly ending decades of very high fertility. Even more extraordinary is that this phenomenon occurred against a backdrop of a predominantly Pākehā population that had already been through a fertility transition nearly a century earlier (Pool, 1991; Pool, Dharmalingam, & Sceats, 2007). Not only did the timing of both transitions differ, but the mechanisms and determinants through which low fertility was achieved also differed. For Pākehā women, changing marriage patterns mostly facilitated their fertility transition during the latter part of the 19th century (Pool et al., 2007), while the uptake of more effective contraceptive methods and sterilisation were important factors that enabled the Māori fertility transition to occur (Pool, 1991). Pool (1991) describes this dichotomy within the relatively "tiny" nation: a nation that † Moana Rarere is a research officer at the National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com D


Seasonal changes in the concentration of total nitrogen, free amino acid nitrogen, arginine, and glutamine plus asparagine in flower buds, flowers, fruit, leaves, roots, new shoots, and2-3-year-old shoots of 25-year-old peach trees have been studied over an annual cycle.


We consider the hypothesis that a common factor, global expected returns, drives unemployment and investment in 21 OECD countries over the period 1960-2002. We investigate this hypothesis using a panel-factor augmented-vector autoregression (FAVAR). We first estimate the common factors of unemployment and investment by principal components and show that the first principal component of unemployment is almost identical to that of investment and that they both show the pattern one would expect of a rate of return as indicated by long interest rates. We then estimate panel FAVARs to measure the dynamic impact of the global factors. Investment appears to drive unemployment and – allowing for a moving natural rate of unemployment driven by the global factor – produces much faster adjustment by unemployment.


The utility model discloses a mobile communication terminal capable of automatically changing a phone profile. The mobile communication terminal comprises a global positioning system (GPS) module, a central processor, a phone profile processing module, a memory module and a terminal function module, wherein the phone profile processing module inquires a phone profile list saved by the memory module according to position information and time information received by the GPS, transmits a phone profile change command to the central processor according to an inquiry result; and the central processor changes the mobile communication terminal to a corresponding phone profile according to the phone profile change command. The phone profile of the mobile communication terminal is automatically changed to a preset mode according to the position information and the time information received by the GPS and a user does not need to manually adjust the phone profile of the mobile communication terminal.


Triquetrella ferruginea (Schimp. ex Besch.) Ther. of Mexico is a new synonym of Didymodon fallax var. reflexus (Brid.) Zander, comb. nov. Triquetrella californica (Lesq.) Grout is morphologically similar but can be distinguished by color reactions to strong acids and bases. Bryoerythrophyllum calcareum (Ther.) Zander, comb. nov., and Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium (Tayl.) Zander, comb. nov., are transfers from the genus Barbula based in part on the different acid-base color reactions of the genera Bryoerythrophyllum and Barbula. Encouraged by recent reports (Hill 1976, Lane 1978) of the utility of color reactions to acids and bases in Sphagnum taxonomy, I made a survey of the response of the leaves of various species of Pottiaceae to a number of histochemical and chromatographic spray reagents given by Haas and Hill (1928), Hais and Macek (1968), Jensen (1962), Mueller (1973) and Seikel (1964). The only reactions that seemed to be commonly specific to taxa and therefore potentially useful in classification were simply changes in leaf color on application of strong mineral acids and bases. Such color reactions are usually reversible. Leaves of Pottiaceae species readily blacken in 10% ferric chloride solution and become orange-brown in 1% p-nitrobenzenediazonium fluroborate solution-two tests for phenolic compounds (Robinson 1967). The observed acid-base color responses are possibly a result 0007-2745/80/228-233$1.40/


We report a one-step photocatalytic synthesis method of dendritic silver nanostructures. These self-organised structures show an excellent Raman enhancement enabling the detection of analytes from dilute solutions by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.


In vector quantization,the codebook is chosen so as to best represent the distributional structure of the dataset of vectors.This characteristic of codebook is suitable for the purpose of outlier detection.This paper defined the concept codebook-based outlier followed by a dedicated analysis of its relation with the definition from statistical discipline.With this definition,the outliers could be found with a two-phase algorithm.Experiments on real world dataset show that this novel approach is quiet promising both on its rationality and effectivity.


This dissertation aims to study the behavior of the preferences parameters of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB), in the period between 2000.T1 and 2017.T4. To accomplish this purpose, we assume that Brazil's monetary policy is defined in an optimized way, then we obtain the parameters of the political function from the estimation of the macroeconomic model with expectations backward-looking and the preferences of the Central Bank. The econometric approach used is based on Bayesian MCMC estimation supported by the Kalman filter. Our results indicate that Central Bank's preferences have been unstable over time, with fluctuations after the ending of the term of BCB's chairman and during the 2008 international crisis.


Objective
To observe the effect of polypyramidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) towards advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced the apoptosis of Muller cells in vitro.

Methods
Experimental study. Muller cells were cultured and divided into groups according to the project design, plasmid enhanced green fluorescent protein-PSF were transfected into the cells to achieve the overexpression of PSF Muller cells in vitro, then cells were exposed to AGEs and the Morphological changes were observed by HE staining and Hoechst 33258 staining while the survival rate of cells were detected by MTT assay. The effects of PSF on AGEs-induced Muller apoptosis was measured by Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Meanwhile, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining was performed to monitor the protective effects of PSF on AGEs-induced Muller cells ROS.

Results
The morphology of cells in normal group was full and the cytoplasm staining was uniform. In N+AGEs group and Vec+AGEs group, cell volume decreased, cytoplasm was dense and concentrated, and eosinophilic staining was enhanced. The cell morphology of PSF+AGEs group was still full, with uniform cytoplasm staining and uniform nucleus staining. The viability of N+AGEs group, Vec+AGEs group and PSF+AGEs group were 0.42±0.11, 0.35±0.12 and 0.68±0.12. The apoptosis values were 1.08±0.16, 0.96±0.20 and 0.44±0.08. The intracellular ROS levels were 28 833.67± 3 550.06, 28 356.67±4 854.81, 186 163.00±382.54. Compared with N+AGEs group and Vec+AGEs group, the cell viability of PSF+AGEs group was significantly improved (F=20.65, P=0.000), cell apoptosis value (F=43.43, P=0.000) and intracellular ROS level (F=18.86, P=0.000).

Conclusion
PSF overexpression play a protective role in AGEs-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the production of ROS in Muller cells.

Key words:
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein; Glycosylation end products, advanced; Apoptosis; Muller cells


Popular culture is not a tool of the totalitarianism to assimilate and control the masses as is thought by some western Marxists.The masses resist capitalism in an abnormal way of "power-pleasant sensation-culture".However,in China,the medium-income strum and the common stratum are the consumption subjects,whose resistance consciousness is covered when they imagine the life blue print through these two popular cultural modes.


The European building stock is an aging infrastructure, mainly built prior to building codes. Furthermore, 65% of these buildings are located in seismic regions, which need to be both energetic and seismically retrofitted to comply with performance targets. Given this, this manuscript presents integrated constructive solutions that combine both energy efficiency improvement and seismic strengthening. The goal and novelty is to design and to evaluate one-shot, compatible, noninvasive, and complementary solutions applied to the façades of buildings with a minimum cost. To do so, different constraints have been borne in mind: the urban environment, achievable seismic and energy performance targets, and reduced construction costs. The method was applied to an old Spanish neighbourhood constructed in the 1960s. Different retrofitting packages were proposed for an unreinforced masonry case study building. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of each configuration. A benefit/cost ratio was proposed to comparatively assess and to rank the solutions. The results of the seismoenergetic performance assessment showed that improving the behaviour of walls leads to higher benefit ratios than improving the openings. However, this latter strategy generates much lower construction costs. Integrating seismic into energetic retrofitting solutions supposes negligible additional costs but can improve the seismic behaviour of buildings by up to 240%. The optimal solution was the addition of higher ratios of steel grids and intermediate profiles in openings while adding thermal insulation in walls and renovating the window frames with PVC and standard 4/6/4 double glazing.


This report discusses the intension、principle、link、content、method、condition and tool of teaching in mathematical experiment,some results and problems of teaching in mathematical experiment


Oleanolic acid is a naturally derived triterpene used clinically in the treatment of hepatitis in China, but its poor solubility often leads to poor bioavailability. In the present study, oleanolic acid nanosuspensions were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and then systematically characterized. The average particle size of the obtained nanosuspensions was 284.9 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.216. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the drug existed as spherical or near‐spherical nanoparticles in the nanosuspensions. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction studies indicated that oleanolic acid was present in an amorphous state in the lyophilized nanosuspensions. At 25°C, the saturation solubility of oleanolic acid was increased by about 6 times after nanoation (25.72 μg mL−1 vs 4.37 μg mL−1). In the in‐vitro drug release experiments, the lyophilized nanosuspensions showed a faster drug dissolution rate than that of the coarse drug powder (approx. 90% vs 15% during the first 20 min), and nearly 95% of the oleanolic acid was released by 120 min. As evidenced by the lower serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver malondiadehyde content, pre‐treatment with oleanolic acid nanosuspensions significantly enhanced the hepatoprotective effect of oleanolic acid against carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver injury.


Aim and Objective: To evaluate the probiotic potenties along with safety of probiotics within infant faecal origin. Methods and Results: The present study isolates lactic acid bacteria from infant feces were characterized and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. On evaluation of in vitro probiotic capability, the test isolates exhibited in vitro probiotic potency, antagonistic property and better cell surface properties. The Bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, antioxidant activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory action of the test isolates proves their health conferring potency. Standard protocols were used for the estimation of lymphocyte proliferation rate, phagocytosis rate, cytokine response and faecal enzyme levels. Animal experiment using different doses of L. plantarum (MBTU-S1B) substantiated its immunotolerance against inhibitory effects of supraoptimal concentration of both T and B cell mitogens with significant reduction on β-Glucosidase and Nitroreductase activity with p< 0.05, while contrasting effect was noticed for β-Glucuronidase. Findings of the in vivo study proved higher dose of probiotic would not provide any additional benefit on host body. Conclusions: The test isolates possesed in vitro probiotic potency and the in vivo study with MBTU- S1B proved their applicability in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Significance and Impact of Study: To conflict disease outbreaks by improving general immunity via probiotics.


This paper focuses on cultivating high quality command – based officers. Considering the current"Joint training in divided group"characteristics,here through the force feedback trainees,we explore the teaching method close trainees in academic education joint training stage. Starting from the joint training personnel training objectives,this paper makes an in- depth analysis of the standards of teaching and learning, information warfare depending on the joint training class participants,concentrating on how to improve the corresponding ability to apply technology to expand the thinking ability and quality requirements of the military command personnel,on strengthening academic education"together training"time teaching aspects of the electronics,information and communications professional foundation courses reform views.