The computer and other technologies (i.e. the Internet, the World Wide Web, and various types of groupware) are currently being aggressively used by many educators as a tool in the learning process. As a result, a critical question has emerged. How can student understanding be effectively assessed when learning occurs using these new technological venues? This paper presents a critical look at how one technology, specifically online discussion groups, can be utilized to assess student understanding. This paper summarizes the results from a pilot study conducted at American University during the spring 1998 semester using an online discussion group with students in an introductory physics class. Finally, the results of a survey given to participating students are presented.


Although small aneurysmal dilatations are common in any and all of the cerebral vessels, large intracranial aneurysms are rare. Thus, Hoffmann,1in reporting on seventy-eight intracranial aneurysms observed during twenty years' examination of medicolegal cases in Vienna, describes chiefly minute dilatations or diffuse enlargement of the cerebral arteries, and not aneurysms of a size that would be likely to produce pressure symptoms. Most of these cases had come to necropsy because of sudden death from rupture of the dilatations, and had not been observed clinically. The aneurysms were distributed as follows in seventy-five cases: Arteries of the sylvian fissures 20 Carotids 13 Anterior communicating 12 Basilar 10 Vertebral 10 Miscellaneous 10 Total 75 Of these, fifty-three were in women and twenty-two in men, which reverses the proportions usually observed in aneurysms. It is to be noted that of the ten aneurysms of the vertebral artery, seven were on the


In the case of a continuous casting mould for a double T-shaped preliminary section comprising a mould cavity cross-section which is composed of two flange parts (4, 4) and a web part (5) firstly sticking of the billet in the mould is to be prevented and secondly simplified mould production is to be indicated. Furthermore it should be possible to produce sections of this type in tubular moulds, with high casting speed and high billet quality such that their dimen sions are as close as possible to the final dimensions. To this end it is proposed that the mould cavity (3) be provided at the mould end on the pouring-in side, on both sides along the web (5) in each case with a cross-sectional enlargement, in the form of bulges (8), with respect to the identical mould cavity portion (7) at the mould end on the billet outlet side. A curve height (H) of the web bulge (8) should decrease between the end on the pouring-in side and the end on the billet outlet side in such a way that a geometric extension of an associated chord (9), which extension results from this decrease, completely or partially compensates the amount of shrinkage of the billet shell transversely to the longitudinal axis of the billet.


The flow block, computer model principle of design and simulation results for mech-anotronic system of locomotive tractive electric drive with adjustment asynchronous drive torque with limit of wheel-rails adhesion and vibration control within tractive transmission are represented.


The analysis indicate that Heilongjiang's animal industry possesses cost advantage,but does not price advantage,which results from circulation hindrance of inadequate government policy.In the light of this analysis,we should let market play a more important role it includes giving easier market access to specialized household agent of transact,setting up regional center markets and standardizing quarantine,sanitation and anti-epidemic in accordance with world market requirement.By these measures we can obtain the objects about"Ten-Five" planning to develop animal industry.


Recent TLP and GBS model tests have revealed strong transient resonant responses during extreme wave-frequency responses. These responses, termed ringing, are associated with large-crested, near-breaking wave events. Such wave conditions, and the responses evoked, challenge current ocean engineering analytical practice, thereby renewing the emphasis on model testing of compliant structure designs. This paper reviews model-test measured responses of a monotower GBS and a TLP to draw conclusions on the nature of loads causing ringing. Simple guidelines for minimizing ringing responses are described. Methods for time-domain simulation, which provide estimates for ringing responses, are also discussed. Probabilistic aspects for predicting extreme responses from model test and simulation time series are addressed. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding developments required.


The present study investigates the impact of assimilating electron density profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) mission in a whole atmosphere data assimilation system. The observations are assimilated into the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles during the evaluation time period of 25–30 April 2020 leads to improvement in both the 1 hr forecast and analysis electron densities in WACCMX + DART. Compared to a control experiment that does not assimilate COSMIC‐2 observations, the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles reduces the 1 hr forecast root mean square error (RMSE) and bias with respect to COSMIC‐2 observations at 300 km by 6.76% and 24.91%, respectively. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles does not significantly influence the RMSE and bias with respect to ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System vertical total electron content observations. The equatorial vertical plasma drift velocity in WACCMX + DART is changed by ±5–10 ms−1 due to the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles, indicating that the model representation of the electrodynamics of the low latitude ionosphere are significantly impacted by the assimilation of COSMIC‐2 observations.


Different formalisms are used in quantum mechanics for the description of states and observables: wave mechanics, matrix mechanics and the invariant formalism. We discuss the problems and shortcomings of the invariant formalism as well as those of the bra and ket notation introduced by Dirac in this context. We indicate how all problems can be solved or at least avoided. A series of examples illustrates the raised problems and shows how lack of mathematical concern can readily lead to surprising mathematical contradictions.


Objective:To analyze the clinical significance of surgical treatment for several common complications after radical esophageal and cardiac cancer surgery.Methods:Second thoracotomy was performed in 17 cases of esophageal and cardiac carcinoma complicated by anastomotic fistula,chylothorax,gastric perforation,ect;anastomotic reconstraction,ligation of thoracic duct and repair of gastric perforation were performed respectively.Results:Of the 17 cases receiving reoperation,7 with chylothorax had thoracic duct ligation,of which 4 cured and 3 dead;5with anastomotic fistula received reconstruction,of which 3 cured,1 dead and 1 withdrew from treatment,4 with perforated thoracic stomach received repair surgery,of which 3 cured and 1 withdrew from treatment,1 with necrosis of the transplanted colon after colon interposition received resection of the necrotic colon plus jejunum fistulization but died of severe infection.Conclusion:Second thoracotomy was an effective management for chylothorax,anastomotic fistula and thoracic gastric perforation presented after radical esophageal and cardiac cancer surgery and should be actively carried on when conservative treatment failed.


Dry weight and lipid content of three zooplankton species in two lakes differing in concentrations of copper, nickel, and aluminum were assayed for two consecutive summers. Epischura lacustris and Holopedium gibberum had lower lipid levels and were generally lighter in the lake with elevated metals. The lipid droplet in eggs of H. gibberum was 21% smaller in the lake with elevated metal levels. Total body burdens of copper in H. gibberum were twice as high in the lake with elevated metals. There was no difference in dry weight and levels of energy reserves of Diaptomus minutus between the lakes. Lower lipid content and decreased weight of E. lacustris and H. gibberum from Round Lake could not be explained by lowered food availability, since both the edible portion of phytoplankton biomass and abundance of small Bosmina were similar in the two lakes. Since there were no differences in food levels for E. lacustris and H. gibberum in the two lakes, we attributed lower energy reserves in these species to effe...


The effects of support pretreatment with normal C1-C5 alcohols on the performance of Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2 catalyst in the synthesis of C2-oxygenates from syngas have been investigated by CO hydrogenation reaction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR)spectroscopy.The catalysts prepared from the pretreated silica supports exhibited higher space time yields of C2-oxygenates(STYc2-oxy) and selectivities towards C2-oxygenates(Sc2-oxy)than that prepared from the untreated silica support. The enhancement in the hydrophobic properties of the pretreated silica supports would be favorable for increasing Rh dispersion and ratio of Rh+/RhO sites, therefore increasing the number of active sites,especially the active sites for CO insertion. Such variations are responsible for the improvements in the catalytic performance of the Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2 catalyst.


Since long, the origins of modern science have been a topic of debates and controversies between continuist and discontinuistic historical approaches. Despite their differences, these approaches shared the emphasis on scientific methodology. But in the last decades of the twentieth century, historians and philosophers of science proposed critical approaches to methodology which radically altered the debate on the origins of modern science. Two historians, Steffen Ducheyne and Marco Sgarbi have recently offered a reappraisal of the traditional continuist theses, with respect to the influence of British Aristotelianism on Newton and early modern Empiricist philosophers. This paper aims to evaluate their impact on current historiographical debates, and will also offer some criticism of their main theses.


Background: While targeted therapies are available for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), evidence based treatment recommendations for pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with he...


Of all the questions that might be asked about political life, it would be difficult to find one of greater interest than the ancient query: who rules over whom? It appeals powerfully to our curiosity. We want to know who "runs" things--who makes policy decisions in New York, Washington, London, or the town in which we live. Is it a single powerful individual, an economic elite, a series of elites, the citizens, political bosses, or some variant of these possibilities? The major purpose of this volume is to find an answer to this question for a small American city, and to extend the answer through relevant theory to American cities in general. But much more precisely, answers are sought for these interrelated questions: What are the relationships between the rulers and the ruled? How are the rulers related to each other? Are the rulers the same for all policies or do they differ from one area of policy to another? How do leaders arise, and in what way are they different from other people? The issues discussed in this volume are familiar to many towns. They range from controversies about the building of a new water system to housing and zoning codes, from charity appeals to low-income housing, from nominations and elections to industrial development and off-street parking. Wildavsky draws parallels to other community studies and formulates general propositions in support of his thesis that American communities are pluralist. And ultimately, Wildavsky is optimistic that small towns foster citizen participation, giving the population more of a chance to direct its own future.


A method for forming a silicon nano-crystal by using a SiH4 plasma ion implant method and a semiconductor device including a silicon nano-crystal are provided to increase the density of the silicon nano-crystal by implanting SiH4/H2 plasma ions having low energy. An insulating layer having a predetermined thickness is formed on a silicon substrate. Ions are implanted into the insulating layer by using a gas including hydrogen and Si. A silicon nano-crystal is formed by performing a heat treatment process. The insulating layer is formed with SiO2. The insulating layer further includes Si3N4 deposited on SiO2. The insulating layer is formed with HfO2-based high-k insulating layer.


The objective of this study is to identify factors that attract people into online talent and psychological assessment portals. We have used primary survey to collect consumers' responses. Data from 203 registered users were collected using an online survey process. The results of multivariate data analysis indicate that standard of tests, satisfaction of motivate customers, engagement, trouble free browsing and effectively addressing customer requirements are important determinants for drawing test-takers. In addition to this, we found active test takers, competitors, casual test takers and job seekers as the four major segments of users visiting the assessment portal. The identification of factors and segmentation of users would help assessment portals in developing strategies in order to effectively target, acquire and engage users.


The present invention aims at providing a nucleic acid amplification primer for detecting mRNA of the housekeeping gene, a novel primers for specifically to confirm amplification of β- actin or GAPDH. Specifically, the β- actin for oligonucleotides, GAPDH comprising a nucleotide sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 to 49 comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 52 to 96 select the primer comprising an oligonucleotide, it can be used in combination.


An experiment was made to examine the effect of feeding three forages (Pacicum maximum) pawpaw leaves and (Tridax procumbens) in addition to concentrateon the performance and nutrient digestibility of crossbred weaned rabbits. Four rabbits were assigned to each dietary treatment in a completely randomized arrangement. The study lasted for 8 weeks. the forage and concentrate had moderate to high crude protein contents (12 to 33%). The DM intake were very high P. maximum and T. procumbens treatment (av. 108g/day). Forage constituted about 75% of the intakes. Dry matter intake on pawpaw leaves treatment (47.31g/day)was the weight gain (10.94g'day) and feed converion ratio (4.3) were best on the pawpoaw leaves the treatment. Tridax procumbens had the highest nutrient digestibility and significant difference (P<0.05) exist on the most of them. Three forages can be used in feeding rabbits when supplemented with concentrate at 2% of the body weight. However, pawpaw leaves gave the best feeding value


Qac efflux pumps from proteobacterial multidrug-resistant plasmids are integron encoded and confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) antiseptics; however, many are uncharacterized and misannotated. A survey of >2,000 plasmid-carried qac genes identified 37 unique qac sequences that correspond to one of five representative motifs: QacE, QacEΔ1, QacF/L, QacH/I, and QacG. ABSTRACT Qac efflux pumps from proteobacterial multidrug-resistant plasmids are integron encoded and confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) antiseptics; however, many are uncharacterized and misannotated. A survey of >2,000 plasmid-carried qac genes identified 37 unique qac sequences that correspond to one of five representative motifs: QacE, QacEΔ1, QacF/L, QacH/I, and QacG. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of each cloned qac member in Escherichia coli highlighted distinctive antiseptic susceptibility patterns that were most prominent when cells grew as biofilms.


R\Bε(x) a ( |u(x)− u(y)| |x− y|s ) u(x)− u(y) |x− y|s dy |x− y|N+s , where a : R −→ R which will be specified later. Recently, a great attention has been focused on the study of nonlocal fractional operators of elliptic type (see, as an example [10, 12]). This sort of operators arises in various types applications; for instance, continuum mechanics, phase-change phenomena, population dynamics, minimal surfaces and anomalous diffusion, since they're the standard outcome of stochastically stabilization of Levy processes, see [6, 16, 27] and the references cited therein. Moreover, such equations and therefore the associated fractional operators allow us to develop a generalization of quantum mechanics and also to explain the motion of a chain or an array of particles that are connected by elastic springs as well as unusual diffusion processes in turbulent fluid motions and material transports in fractured media, for more details see [6, 16] and the references therein. Indeed, the nonlocal fractional operators have been extensively studied by many authors in many various cases: bounded domains and unbounded domains, different behavior of the nonlinearity, and so on. Before giving our main results, allow us to briefly recall the literature concerning related singular problems. The following research problem has been investigated in several previous works:


[73] Assignee: The United States of America as Primary Examiner—Jeff H. Aftergut represented by the Administrator of Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Robin W. Edwards the National Aeronautics and Space [57] ABSTRACT Administration, Washington, DC. Amethod for fabricating composite structures at a loW-cost, [21] App1_ No; 08/936,783 moderate-to-high production rate. A ?rst embodiment of the _ method includes employing a continuous press forming [22] Flled: Sep' 23' 1997 fabrication process. A second embodiment of the method


The paper considers various aspects of the interaction and movement of bodies. The stability of the Solar system by the example of the evolution of the Mars orbit for 100 million years is shown. The optimal motion of the spacecraft to the vicinity of the Sun is considered. The results of an exact solution to the problem of the interaction of N bodies, which form a rotating structure, are presented. It is shown the evolution of two asteroids: Apophis and 1950DA, as well as ways to transform them into Earth satellites. The cause of the excess rotation of the Mercury perihelion is explained. The examples of the simulation of globular star clusters are given. As a result of the interaction of the bodies of the Solar System, the parameters of the orbital and rotational motions of the Earth change. This change leads to a change in the distribution of solar heat over the surface of the Earth. In contrast to the works of previous authors, a new understanding of the evolution of the orbital and rotational motions of the Earth has been obtained. In particular, it has been established that the Earth's orbit and its axis of rotation precess relative to different directions in space. The paper compares the distribution of the amount of the solar heat, i.e. insolation, on the surface of the Earth in different epochs. The insolation periods of climate change are shown. They coincide with the known changes of the paleoclimate. The changes in insolation for different time intervals, including for 20 million years ago, are given. Changes in insolation in the contemporary epoch and in the next million years are also shown. Sunrises and sunsets are also evolving. The duration of the polar days and nights in different epochs is given in the distribution by latitude. The paper popularly acquaints readers with the latest scientific results and is useful for students and graduate students to choose topics for their term papers and dissertations.


We study buoyant displacement flows with two miscible fluids of equal viscosity in ducts that are inclined at angles close to horizontal (β≈90°). As the imposed velocity (V0) is increased from zero, we change from an exchange flow dominated regime to a regime in which the front velocity (Vf) increases linearly with V0. During this transition, we observed an interesting phenomenon in which the layer of displaced fluid remained at the top of the pipe (diameter D) during the entire duration of the experiment, apparently stationary for times t≳103D/V0 (the stationary residual layer). Our investigation revealed that this flow marks the transition between flows with a back flow, counter to the imposed flow, and those that displace instantaneously. The same phenomena are observed in pipes (experiments) and in plane channels (two-dimensional numerical computations). A lubrication/thin-film model of the flows also shows the transition from back flow to instantaneous displacement. At long times, this model h...


Trimerotropine grasshoppers are characterized by high levels of chromosome variation - both within and between species - that has prompted a subdivision of the genus into 4 cytologically distinct groups. It has been suggested that some of the chromosomal variants may have played a direct role during species formation because of their negative impact upon meiosis, fertility, and viability. Consequently, such rearrangements have the potential to act as efficient isolating mechanisms that can initiate divergent evolution and species formation by severely reducing the fitness of any hybrids. We have analyzed an area of overlap between Trimerotropis cyaneipennis Bruner and T. fratercula McNeill in New Mexico. Here, the blue/yellow wing and hind femora color differences used to separate the species in other areas are no longer diagnostic. However, the two species do differ in chromosome number due to a chromosome fusion difference involving autosomes 4 and 5. We identified 7 individuals from 3 localities that are heterozygous for the fusion and analyzed both the behavior of their chromosomes during meiosis and the production of aneuploid gametes after spermatogenesis. A comparison of these data, obtained from hybrids between two closely related species with previous analyses involving more distantly related hybrids but involving the same fusion, has allowed us to make an assessment of the role of this chromosomal rearrangement in inhibiting gene flow between taxa that still hybridize in nature. The analysis clearly indicates that, like the other chromosomes within the hybrid genome, the behavior of the chromosome rearrangement depends to a large extent upon the relatedness of the two parents. Consequently, we conclude that the chromosome fusion that distinguishes these two species has played no direct role as an isolating mechanism during the speciation process.


The invention belongs to the field of gas purification and relates to a method for low-energy consumption removal of carbon dioxide by hot potash. The method can reduce decarburization energy consumption in a water balance state of a hot potash-based carbon dioxide removal system. Through three-stage absorption, the decarburization solution is regenerated to different degrees in two regeneration towers respectively having high and low pressure. The solution produced in the regeneration tower having low pressure is a semi-lean solution and the semi-lean solution enters into the middle of an absorbing tower and preliminarily absorbs raw material gas; the solution produced by the regeneration tower having high pressure is a lean solution and the lean solution enters into the upper part of the absorbing tower and further removes carbon dioxide in the gas; and the regenerated gas is cooled to a low temperature of 20-60 DEG C and is fed into a regenerated gas separator and the separated cooling water and supplementary water necessary for satisfying the system water balance conditions are used as cooling mediums of the cold lean solution. The whole carbon dioxide removal system reduces heat consumption by about 3%, reduces a cooling amount by about 2% and improves a purified gas purification degree by about 2.5%.


In this paper,using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of available phosphorus content in soil,this method has the advantages of simple operation,instrument common,strong specificity,high accuracy and the results are reliable,consistent with the measured results and the analysis of the technical requirements.


Method and apparatus (333) for measuring the sound-intensity vector in a half space bounded by a surface such as a wall or the ground (100) using an acoustic vector probe (AVP) (40), where the AVP consists of four small omnidirectional microphones (1, 2, 3 and 4) supported on narrow straight tubes at the vertices of an imaginary regular tetrahedron. The tubes are attached perpendicularly to a ring (42) with the microphones all pointing into the half space. The sound-intensity vector measured by the AVP determines the direction of a sound source within the half space. Interference from echoes caused by reflections from the boundary of the half space and from surrounding objects on the boundary can be reduced by attaching a concave solid structure (55) to the base of the AVP at the supporting ring (42). The inside of the concave structure is lined with absorbing material (65) to reduce interference by reflections from the structure.


Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC) is becoming more important nowadays because of the modern social issues in society. Previous studies tried to insert ICC into English Language Teaching (ELT) in order to help solving these issues. However, little attention has been paid to the dimension and components of ICC. Library research method was conducted with the script of the speech from Helena Merschdorf regarding intercultural communication as the primary source and several other books and articles as secondary resources. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To analyse the components and dimensions of ICC based on Helena Merschdorf's speech. 2. To know the components and dimensions of ICC based on Helena Merschdorf's speech that can be inserted in ELT. The result indicate that the speech include all components and dimesions of ICC and each component and dimension of ICC can be inserted  into ELT.


Nowadays, the weight reduction of furniture structures is an important issue, having a direct impact on the economic growth of a specialized company. In order to reduce the mass and to obtain an optimal material distribution in a given volume of the furniture parts, the most widely used methods are given by optimization techniques that are deployed via CAD programs. This paper presents two possible structure optimization methods that can be applied in the furniture industry. Both topology and topography optimization methods are employed: the topology optimization of a wall bracket and the topography optimization of a sheet metal bracket using dedicated software. Based on the conclusions of this study, useful insights can be gained by a company starting up furniture production. Key words : topology optimization, topography optimization


A new class of invariants, the frequency moments, is presented. They may be interpreted as a generalization of time moments and Markov parameters. The linear relationships between moments and transfer function parameters are also used to determine reduced models. In order to demonstrate the interest of this theory, we propose to reduce the order of a controller designed by H/sub /spl infin// method.


Temporal metamaterials that rely on impulsive modulations of the constitutive parameters can perform elementary analog computing on impinging wavepackets. We summarize some recent results on simple and multiple short-pulsed metamaterials and demonstrate their computational capabilities. Our results suggest that the temporal dimension can offer new opportunities for designing metamaterials with computational capabilities.


The magnetic, spectral and electrochemical properties of the homobinuclear copper(II) complex of N,N′-bis(8-hydroxyquinoline-7-carboxaldene)-1,3- diaminopropane (H2L) and its binuclear complexes, CuCo, CuNi, CuCu, CuZn, CuCd and CuHg are reported. The electronic spectral data show that the dd transitional bands of the CuN2O2 chromophore in [CuLM](ClO4)2·nH2O are blue shifted in the order, M = Ni2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+, relative to the mononuclear [CuL]·3H2O. This suggests that the CuN2O2 chromophore becomes more planar when [CuL]·3H2O is coordinated to the second metal ion M. IR data suggests that H2L acts as tetradentate in [CuL]·3H2O and [CuLM(OAc)2]·nH2O but hexadentate in [CuLM](ClO4)2·nH2O. Thermal analysis indicates that the water molecules are of crystallization in [CuLM](ClO4)2·nH2O but of crystallization and hydrogen bonded in the other complexes. Magnetic data in the temperature 5–300 K range show a strong antiferromagnetic interaction in [CuLM](ClO4)2·H2O, M = Co2+ or Cu2+ with −J = 112 and 229 cm−, respectively. The redox potentials of Cu(II)/Cu(I) in the heterobinuclear complexes are found to be around 1.055 V versus NHE which is almost the same as in the mononuclear complex. This behaviour has been discussed in terms of electronic and structural effects.


Calcium (Ca2+) signaling in endothelial cells plays an important role in regulation of wide range of physiological processes in the pulmonary microcirculation. A dysregulation in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration can serve as an initiator of different pathological conditions like lung endothelial barrier disruption, edema, inflammation, etc. Normal physiologic signaling is localized spatio-temporally and signaling 'signatures' define the specificity of outcomes within the cells. However, analyzing the signaling dynamics acquired through imaging of live tissues has been challenging owing to the intricate patterns of the distinct signals. Moreover, signal analysis tools based on whole-field or static region of interest (ROI) assessments may under- or over-estimate measurements of signaling parameters with respect to event origination, spread and duration. In the current study we designed an algorithm for detection and analysis of these biological signaling events based on dynamic ROI tracking, where time-dependent polygonal ROIs are automatically assigned to the changing perimeters of detected signaling events. This approach allowed for robust tracking of signals and quantification of the signaling event parameters over time. We next applied this algorithm on image sequences of lung slices isolated from genetically encoded mice expressing the endothelial specific cdh5GCaMP8 (GFP-based) calcium indicator, and observed an inherent dynamic Ca2+ signaling profile within the pulmonary microvascular endothelium. To investigate the versatility of our algorithm, we further treated the lung slices with acetylcholine (ACh) or subjected them to Ca2+-free (CAF) medium, to examine the emerging change in patterns of the profiles from the inherent basal dynamics. Under both these conditions, our software revealed distinct changes in event parameters with respect to event amplitude, duration and spread of the signaling events. Thus, our algorithm allowed us to identify distinct Ca2+ signaling patterns associated with various stimuli, thereby enabling identification of these signatures under a wide variety of sub-cellular/pathologic challenges.


In this paper we present a new robust method for medical image registration called combined feature ensemble mutual information (COFEMI). While mutual information (MI) has become arguably the most popular similarity metric for image registration, intensity based MI schemes have been found wanting in inter-modal and interprotocol image registration, especially when (1) significant image differences across modalities (e.g. pathological and radiological studies) exist, and (2) when imaging artifacts have significantly altered the characteristics of one or both of the images to be registered. Intensity-based MI registration methods operate by maximization of MI between two images A and B. The COFEMI scheme extracts over 450 feature representations of image B that provide additional information about A not conveyed by image B alone and are more robust to the artifacts affecting original intensity image B. COFEMI registration operates by maximization of combined mutual information (CMI) of the image A with the feature ensemble associated with B. The combination of information from several feature images provides a more robust similarity metric compared to the use of a single feature image or the original intensity image alone. We also present a computer-assisted scheme for determining an optimal set of maximally informative features for use with our CMI formulation. We quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the improvement in registration accuracy by using our COFEMI scheme over the traditional intensity based-Mi scheme in registering (1) prostate whole mount histological sections with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices; and (2) phantom brain T1 and T2 MRI studies, which were adversely affected by imaging artifacts


Abstract The collection, display, analysis and storage of physiological data from patients are important functions for all anaesthetists. The source of most of the signals collected is analogue electronic data. The author discusses methods of data collection, analysis, storage and display.


Electrophoretic mobility of intermediate cells was increased with the reaction of C2 and further increased with the addition of C3. Less than 18 molecules of C2 per cell produced detectable change in electrophoretic mobility. The increase in mobility by the formation of C2 sites diminished with the decay of C2 sites. C1 is required to maintain the high mobility of EAC142, EAC1423 or EAC143. No change in the mobility of intermediate cells was observed by the reaction of C5, C6, C7 or C8. After the reaction of C9, the electrophoretic mobility of E* decreased significantly before rupture of the cell.


For secure location proof in many applications, distance bounding protocols are considered as one of the useful tools that can be used in practice. In distance bounding protocols, a prover and a verifier can measure the distance between them by performing an interactive protocol. In general, the verifier is regarded as an honest service provider, and thus, an adversarial verifier is not considered for security analysis. However, we cannot ignore the possibility of the corruption of the verifier, which can spoil the prover's privacy. To handle the security problem, a prover-anonymous and deniable distance bounding protocol is proposed, which can guarantee the privacy of the prover even though the verifier is corrupted. In this paper, we review the prover-anonymous and deniable distance bounding protocol in terms of the membership management, and we show that the communication overhead in the protocol for each membership change is O(n) where n is the number of users. Then, we propose an improved membership management technique, which can efficiently support membership change in terms of the communication overhead. The improved technique requires O(1) for each membership change instead of O(n), as in the existing protocol.


This expository article consists of two parts. The first is an old manuscript dating from 1959, entitled "Rational points on elliptic curves over complete fields" containing my first proof of the isomorphism k∗/tZ Et(k). The second part is a discussion of some further aspects of the theory. It begins with a sketch of some topics I had hoped to add to the old manuscript before publishing it, namely, the description of the rational functions on Et as "rigid analytic" meromorphic functions on k∗ with multiplicative period t, the construction of these via theta-functions, and the classification of isogenies between the Et's. Then, after a discussion of some consequences of the isogency classification, there is a description of the kernel Et[m] of multiplication by m on Et as finite flat group scheme, and an indication of its relevance to the main theme of this conference. Finally, curves Et over more general base rings than local fields are discussed, in particular, the "universal curve" Eq over Z[[q]][q−1], and the connection with moduli. First, here is the old manuscript.


Objective To compare the efficacy of different intratracheal injection methods of pulmonary surfactant in prevention of respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) in premature infants.Method 30 premature infants with high risk of NRDS were given 100 mg/kg pulmonary surfactant by intratracheal instillation directly as control group,and the other 30 premature infants with high risk of NRDS who hospitalized at the same time with control group were given 100 mg/kg pulmonary surfactant by reforming method as the observation group.The incidence of mechanical ventilation,blood gas analysis,complication and prognosis were observed and compared.Result The incidence of mechanical ventilation in control group was 40.0%(12/30) while in the observation group the incidence is 26.67%(8/30),and the incidences of complication in two groups shows significant difference,such as medicine out spurting,tube escaping,infection,pneumothorax,intracranial emorrhage(p0.05).Arterial pO2 and pH in observation group was significantly higher than control group,PaCO2 was significantly lower than before medication.The oxygen therapy time and mechanicalventilation time in two groups were significantly different too,which is 11 days and 4 days in average separately in observation group versus 15 days and 5 days in average in control group.Conclusion The application of reformed method of pulmonary surfactant intratracheal injection could cut down the incidence of NRDS in premature infants significantly,reduce the degree of NRDS,improve blood gas level,shorten the time of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation,and diminish the risk of complication.


Summary 1. Administration of testosterone propionate or estradiol benzoate to healthy elderly males and post-menopausal women increased significantly their serum copper content. 2. Eight weeks after discontinuance of androgen or estrogen administration, serum copper values dropped back to, or very close to, preadministration levels.


Polyoxymethylene copolymer(Co-POM) was stabilized by the aqueous alkali in heterogeneous phase to eliminate the unstable hemiformal terminal groups.The effects of processing conditions,such as the variety and content of alkali,liquor ratio,the temperature and time of stabilization,on the terminal stabilization were studied.The melt flow index(MFI) and the weight loss rate at 222 ℃ of the Co-POM in vacuum were detected to evaluate the stability of the Co-POM after terminal stabilization.The results showed stronger alkali would induce the increase of MFI of Co-POM.It's indicated the stronger alkali would result in the chain scission of Co-POM during the terminal stabilization.The triethylamine was moderate alkali.And after stabilized by aqueous triethylamine,the MFI of Co-POM kept in about 9.0 g/10 min.The optimum conditions of terminal stabilization were that Co-POM was stabilized in aqueous solution containing 1% triethylamine(pH:12~13) at 140 ℃ for 60min and liquor ratio was controlled in(3~5):1.


The Landau–Lifschitz equations describe the time evolution of magnetization in classical ferromagnets and are of basic importance for the understanding of magnetism. It is shown that, under quite general conditions, dissipative forms of these equations have attracting sets which are finite dimensional in a suitable sense. It follows from these results that, after an initial transient period, only a finite number of spin‐wave modes contribute to the spin‐wave instabilities responsible for the chaotic behavior recently found in ferromagnetic resonance, in both the tranverse and parallel pumping versions.


The Fridays for Future movement (FfF) has drawn a lot of public and academic attention in recent years. So far, studies investigated the organization, mobilization, and motives of the movement from different perspectives as well as the relevance of science for FfF. Mostly from an external point of view researchers looked at the types of science communication and its reception by the audience (i.e., framing theory). In this paper, we combine theories of science communication with the resource mobilization approach in social movement studies and thereby develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of the use of scientific knowledge by climate movements. We focus on the resource mobilization theory (RMT) and the notion of activists as alternative science communicators. RMT emphasizes the role of resources and organization to explain the success of social movements. Specifically, we regard legitimacy as a moral resource and analyze the importance of communication of climate scientific knowledge for FfF as a political movement. We argue that a climate movement like FfF relies on climate scientific knowledge which serves as a moral resource when climate activists refer to it to legitimate their claims. Empirically, we draw on a survey of more than 500 FfF activists in Germany, that was conducted as a mixed method study in 2020 and 2021. Our objective is to close a gap on the relevance of science for FfF activists from the inner perspective. Following the research question "How and why is scientific knowledge being used by FfF activists to mobilize people?" the findings indicate a rather strategic use of scientific knowledge as an end in itself within the movement. Unsurprisingly, we see that individual strategic use of scientific knowledge within the movement corresponds with the belief that FfF should include scientific knowledge in the general communication strategy of FfF. Moreover, our data show that activists overwhelmingly derive their goals from scientific knowledge and reject the idea that science could be used imprecisely just as an instrument to attain their goals. These learnings shed light on the question of whether science is used as a moral resource within climate movements like FfF.


Basing on the regional tourism cooperation theory,this paper analysis the feasibility and its background of Shanxi,Shaanxi and Henan province. Then it comes up with the idea and measurements of regional tourism cooperation.


The formation of silicides by means of high dose implantation of metal ions into silicon depends strongly on the implantation parameters like ion energy, current density, or specimen temperature. In the case of Fe+-ion implantation the occurrence of different iron silicide phases and their degree of crystallinity are studied in dependence on various implantation conditions by comple-mentary physical methods.

[Russian Text Ignored.]


We study quantization of a self-interacting scalar field within the unfolded dynamics approach. To this end we find and analyze a classical unfolded system describing 4d off-shell scalar field with a general self-interaction potential. Then we systematically construct three different but related unfolded formulations of the corresponding quantum field theory, supporting them with illustrative calculations: an unfolded functional Schwinger-Dyson system, an unfolded system for correlation functions and an unfolded effective system for vertex functions. The most curious feature we reveal is that an unfolded quantum commutator gets naturally regularized: a standard delta-function is replaced with a heat kernel, parameterized by the unfolded proper time. We also identify an auxiliary 5d system, having this proper time as a physical time, which generates 4d scalar action as its on-shell action.


Tektite is a geological sample formed as a result of a collision of the meteorite on the surface. An energy from the collision results in an excavation of the melted material into the Earth's atmosphere and landed back on the surface further away from the impact site having glassy or crystalline textures. Tektite was deposited in Thailand and was identified as part of the Australasian strewn field. Chemical compositions of tektites have previously been studied. However, there is no study has established a relationship between composition and color of tektites. Thus, this study aims to relate the characteristic of color-center element, Fe, to the color of tektites using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Nine tektite samples were collected from Korat plateau and purchased from Thailand and Vietnam gem markets. XANES spectra of all (nine) samples show similar Fe K-edge pattern with pre-edge and E0 at 7080-7089 and 7118 eV, respectively. The spectrum is 100 percent matched with XANES structure of FeO standard suggesting Fe component of Fe2+ oxidation state in the sample. Seven, out of nine, samples establish similar UV-Vis broad absorption peak at 492-539 nm, which corresponds to absorption peak of Fe2+. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum cannot be obtained from two samples possibly due to high Fe-content in the samples. The calculated energy band gaps (E g ) of the samples are in between 1.35 eV to 1.76 eV with maximum absorption in between 1.88 eV to 1.95 eV. The result is in consistent with a black color of the tektite. It indicates that cause of color in tektites is related to Fe-content and can be explained by the energy band. This study can be furthered compare with moldavite (green variety of tektite) in order to identify cause of color in impact-related materials like tektites, as well as to provide information for identification of synthetic and genuine moldavites and also for characterization of tektites sources using the component of various Fe oxidation states.


Renewable energy sources are inherently stochastic in nature and as a result might lead to high balancing costs. Allowing trade closer to the time of delivery is a potential solution. Intraday markets provide this possibility to the market participants to adjust their positions in the market based on the updated forecast. However, the way in which intraday markets are set-up, they face several challenges like low liquidity, high price volatility leading to low trading activities. In this paper, we provide an overview of the literature on intraday electricity markets and prices. Several studies have been highlighted which focus on the bidding strategies for different types of producers and consumers. Some literature on specific electricity markets is also discussed in the paper. There exists some research work on intraday electricity prices, which has also been summarized. Research gaps and possibility of future work in each of these topics have been discussed.


Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained releas e formulations due to its inherent boons. Sustained release dosage forms are designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time wit h minimum side effects. The basic rationale of sustained r elease drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side - effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctu ation in steady - state drug levels, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of pot ent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained - release drug delivery system.


A new subgenus of Tenebroides, Polynesibroides subgen. nov., is established for six potentially extinct beetles, Tenebroides atiu, T. moorea, T. raivavae, T. rimatara, T. tubuai and T. mihiura spp. nov., described from the Cook, Austral and Society Islands based on subfossil fragments, and the extant T. tahiti sp. nov. from the island of Tahiti, Society Islands. Here we present the first detailed time-scaled phylogeny of the superfamily Cleroidea inferred from our four-gene dataset, including T. tahiti. Bayesian tip-dating, incorporating 17 fossils, estimated that Cleroidea appeared at the end of the Triassic (~210 Mya). The split of Biphyllidae + Byturidae + Phloiophilidae was reconstructed at ~204 Mya, followed by Early Jurassic separation of Trogossitidae (~200 Mya), Acanthocnemidae (~197 Mya), stem Cleridae–Thanerocleridae–Chaetosomatidae (~194 Mya), Peltidae, Lophocateridae, Decamerinae and the melyrid lineage (~191 Mya). Trogossitidae diversified by separation of Kolibacia (~136 Mya) in the Cretaceous, followed by parting Temnoscheila + Nemozoma and Airora + Tenebroides lineages (~113 Mya). Tenebroides radiated ~75 Mya and T. tahiti diverged from Panamanian taxa in the Middle Eocene (~40 Mya). Fourteen morphological characters of Pacific trogossitids were analysed. Parallelodera, including the Panamanian species, is nested within Tenebroides being sister to Polynesibroides. Therefore, Parallelodera is classified as a subgenus of Tenebroides. Tenebroides fairmairei is placed in the subgenus Parallelodera. A Neotropical origin for Parallelodera and Polynesibroides is inferred.


Techniques are described herein for collecting wireless data from client devices to provide a true picture of a Radio Frequency (RF) coverage model. This is used by the wireless infrastructure (controller) to better optimize the RF coverage model, steer clients to a better network, alert users to coverage holes in their area, and provide historical feedback to users about the quality of coverage in various areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In hybrid deployments (e.g., 5G, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) / Wi-Fi®) a new spectrum controller can solve the Radio Resource Management (RRM) issue of optimizing spectrum data. However, current coverage hole detections are Radio Access Technology (RAT)-specific (Wi-Fi or cellular) and are based on infrastructure perspective (inter-AP radio reports, and/or view, from the AP, of the client's signal) rather than real-time user perspective. This is a problem in existing systems because different clients experience RF environments in different ways, depending on radio type, receiver (Rx) sensitivity, etc. Described herein is an approach to locating Radio Frequency (RF) problem areas (including coverage holes) in both pure Wi-Fi and hybrid (cellular and Wi-Fi) deployments by leveraging client-side analytics. As RF dynamics continually change, wireless infrastructure components can have difficulty adapting to optimally cover a space, often leaving coverage holes or areas with poor RF performance. With the increasing importance of network intuitiveness, understanding coverage holes and areas with RF issues needs to take a client-side perspective as compared to the traditional infrastructure driven approach. In turn, the infrastructure can feed back information about prospective RF coverage to a new client before that client enters a difficult area. 2 Ramanathan et al.: CROWD SOURCING-BASED TRUE COVERAGE HOLE AND RADIO FREQUENCY ISSUE Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2018 2 5649X A method is presented wherein the controller uses client-side information to improve infrastructure coverage, alert users to areas where there is weak coverage, and apply historical data to learn where the systemic problem areas are. This goes far beyond simply crowdsourcing to gain contextual information; this information is used by the controller for better RF management, radio steering, and feedback to the client devices. The techniques described herein involve three components: (1) crowd sourcing the client issues (building the client-side perspective); (2) Machine-Learning (ML) based predictive analytics to find problem areas; and (3) proactive actions with client information and suggested radio steering. When users experience poor wireless performance, the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for those clients are reported to a central manager where they are translated into a visual client-side perspective heatmap. The stored parameters are then analyzed using a ML-based predictive algorithm based on both the locations of poor performance and the cause of potential RF issues. If there is a reoccurring issue (e.g., a coverage hole, high retry issues, low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), etc.) the area is tagged as a problem area for either Wi-Fi or cellular. Subsequently, when future mobile devices approach the same area, notification and proactive radio steering may be used to improve performance for the client. A first example step involves collecting client radio and contextual data. This invention uses a wayfinding-like concept to discover poorly performing wireless areas and holes in a coverage area using information fed back to the infrastructure from the clients (rather than an infra-only perspective). As clients move throughout an area, their signal is located and their position recorded. They periodically report performance issues that are being encountered (e.g., a high number of retries, poor SNR, declining application quality, etc.). The clients increase their reporting intervals as a function of performance degradation. As the clients report the performance issues, each reported parameter/dimension is stored in a graphical representation of the time-space, similar to a multidimensional temporal heat map. This temporal heat map presents the client's perspective of the network, not the infrastructure's perspective. This is a method of "crowdsourcing" RF dynamics and performance of the environment. Over time, a consolidated picture of the RF environment is created in a central network manager. This mapping is performed for each RAT for which reporting is 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1255 [2018] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1255 3 5649X enabled on the client (Wi-Fi, LTE, Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) and/or others), so as to produce a differentiated performance heat map of the spectrum and coverage at each location. This data may be timestamped to model a time-differential coverage structure. Figure 1 below illustrates a consolidated RF spectrum map (Wi-Fi and cellular), which is created based on client reporting (i.e., a client view of the spectrum).


Chromium is a widely used metal in industrial activities, mainly in metallurgy and production of refractory and chemical products. The combination of extended industrial use of chromium with inadequate industrial waste management practices mainly of the past has led to extensive soil and groundwater contamination. However, recent studies indicate that the occurrence of Cr(VI) in groundwater can also be attributed to a geogenic origin. Geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater comes from minerals which appear in areas with significant presence of ultramafic rocks and ophiolitic complexes. Significant presence of ultramafic rocks and ophiolitic complexes has been reported in several areas worldwide including Greece. The present study aims at highlighting the origin of Cr(VI) found in groundwater as the most significant decision-making parameter for the rational management of Cr(VI)-contained aquifers. Two different case studies of Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers, both exceeding the maximum allowable limit of 50 μg/l are presented herein. These two contaminated aquifer cases require diametrically different management approaches due to their differences in Cr(VI) origin and thus concentration. The first aquifer is located in the vicinity of Vergina in northern Greece, where the maximum Cr(VI) concentration measured was 61 μg/L, being one of the highest geogenic concentrations recorded globally in areas with similar geological background. The second aquifer case study presented is the aquifer of Inofyta, a makeshift industrial area north of Athens, where the maximum Cr(VI) concentration is 10 mg/L and is clearly attributed to an anthropogenic origin. In this latter case, the very high Cr(VI) groundwater concentrations are also accompanied by the presence of other contaminants and a significant spatial Cr(VI) concentration variation. Thus, although for the Vergina aquifer, area-wide institutional measures and in some cases pump & treat systems might be sufficient to ensure a safe water supply, this is not the case for the Inofyta aquifer, where a comprehensive remediation scheme should be properly implemented immediately. Therefore the origin of Cr(VI) is an important parameter that must be taken into account for the rational management of aquifers exhibiting significant Cr(VI) concentrations, since completely different technical and institutional actions, with entirely different costs, should be undertaken depending on whether Cr(VI) is of geogenic or anthropogenic origin.


With a big territory and variety of biomes, Brazil is one of the most diverse countries in the World, with insects massively contributing to this diversity. Although presenting impressive numbers, many groups are poorly known concerning their diversity and distribution. Also, the knowledge of the species diversity is very heterogeneous when comparing Brazilian states and regions. With a recent review of part of Lawrence Quate's collection deposited at Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, more than 70 new geographical records for Psychodidae species were found on the Neotropics, including one genus (Eurygarka) and seven species first recorded to Brazil. The complete known distribution of these species was compiled and is presented along with new records for other 11 countries of the Neotropical region. On the Brazilian territory, most of the new records are for the state of Rondônia, on the northern region, followed by Minas Gerais, on the southeastern region. Key-Words. Moth flies; Neotropical Region; Psychodinae; Brazilian fauna.


This paper discusses the perspective of a city manager toward transportation planning. Discussion includes: various backgrounds of elected decision makers, the various areas of understanding involved in the local decision making process, the different levels of responsibility involved in the process, and the various relationships between transportation plans and planners and decision makers. It was concluded that the most important levels of responsibility for elected decision makers usually involve land use and zoning. Thus, it behooves transportation planners to work more effectively with local elected decision makers to improve the transportation planning and programming process.


The research foundation and technology of the maintenance management system of Hangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge is presented.The maintenance management system includes twelve sub-systems.The key technology and the remarkable function of the system are elaborated in the paper.This system has robust applicability and can provide reference for other long-span bridges' maintenance.


In this paper, we construct all possible groups of motion (symmetry groups) for empty Einstein spaces admitting a diverging, geodesic, and shear‐free ray congruence. (Minkowski space is excluded throughout the discussion.) It is proved that any such Einstein space cannot admit a symmetry group with dimension greater than four. Although the field equations are not solved completely for spaces with groups of dimension one or two, a generalization of the Kerr spinning‐mass solution is obtained from the 2‐dimensional class. It is shown that all such spaces with 4‐dimensional symmetry groups are well known: Schwarzschild, NUT (Newman, Unti, and Tamborino), and a particular hypersurface orthogonal Kerr‐Schild metric. The only member of these spaces admitting a 3‐dimensional symmetry group is a Petrov Type III hypersurface orthogonal metric.


Background  Idiopathic photodermatoses are considered to be common disorders in the population of northern latitude countries, presumably because of the dominance of more "sun‐sensitive" individuals with a light‐skinned complexion. The incidence of these disorders in the Mediterranean or tropical countries is often under‐appreciated because of the higher degree of perennial presence of sunlight and the prevalence of darker skin‐type individuals who are seemingly more resistant to the development of sun sensitivity.


Nowadays, steel sections are extensively used in various constructions because of its lesser erection time and higher reliability. These members are connected either by welding or bolts. As time goes on, the structure degrades due to various reasons. In our study, the degradation of joints with bolted connections is presented. In reality, joints are damaged frequently when compared to the other parts of the structure. As bridges are generally of long spans, splicing is done to ensure the continuity of the spans and this splicing is done with the help of welding or bolts. Loosening of bolts is the most common damage that occurs in bolts, making the joint act like a semi-rigid joint. We have considered a bridge model consisting of two beams connected by splicing with bolts' help, and this entire modelling is done in ABAQUS 6.13. Our intention to study the behaviour of the joint in both damaged and undamaged case. Loosening of bolts is considered as damage, and deflection of the joint is considered as the extent of the damage. We have performed a static analysis of the model. Theoretical validation is also done by developing an elemental stiffness matrix with semi-rigid connections using fixity factors.


Mr. G. R. Girdlestone (Pseudarthrosis) began with an expression of his opinion that the surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip was only indicated when, in spite of all that could be done by conservative treatment, pain was severe and the disability as a whole badly handicapped the patient's activity and enjoyment of life. His second point was a reminder that the best we could do was so far behind the combination of free movement and stable function of a normal hip that it was unjustifiable to subject a patient to operation unless one took every possible step to ensure the very best result that could be achieved. This meant that operations for osteoarthritis of the hip should be confined to hospitals where everyone concerned with the operation and the subsequent treatment was a member of a skilled and experienced team. It was an absolute necessity that every patient shouldl clearly understand what was to happen to him and what result he could look forward to. In his view every orthopoedic surgeon should make himself expert in the technique of the best operations required for this condition; and it was for the surgeon to discuss with the patient alternative methods, what they necessitated, and what advantages they offered. As an illustration he had collected from the Wingfield-Morris Orthopuedic Hospital's records a series of operations for osteoarthritis of the hip performed by his colleagues and himself: Pseudarthrosis 44, arthrodesis 24, arthroplasty 12, osteotomy 13, "reconstruction" 6, various 11. Total 110. In a series of 25 cases in which he had performed pseudarthroses in the years 1924 to 1940 inclusive, there was no mortality: The average age at operation was 57; ascertained end-results in 22', at an average period after operation of nine years. Results: Excellent 142; good 5; poor 3. Though some disappointments in this field were inevitable as it was made up of an elderly age-group the results on the whole were encouraging, the first patient in the series, twenty-one years after his operation, and now aged 76, still walks ten miles a day and works hard in his garden. Another mentions shooting, tennis and dancing. The oldest, now 79, goes to his office in Trafalgar Square every day, travelling by train to Waterloo and thence by Underground, during the rush hours. Mr. Girdlestone then described some points in the surgical technique and after-care which he regarded as of special value and importance.


Based on the critical state model for the superconducting components, we develop a set of theoretical tools that allow to extract relevant engineering parameters of a superconducting levitation machine. We provide a number of analytical and numerical expressions for the evaluation of the electromagnetic quantities, energies and forces in 2D problems. This assumption includes: (i) rotational symmetric systems as those in bearings and motors, and also the case of (ii) translational symmetry as in long transportation lines. The theory, that trades off simplicity and predictive power builds on the vector potential/current density formulation of the Maxwell equations (A,J) and is validated by comparison against experimental tension-compression data in our universal test machine. As shown, very simple computer coding is required to implement


We study the logical relationship of various forms of induction, as well as quantification operators in applicative theories. In both cases the introduced notion of N-strictness allows us to obtain the appropriate results.


This paper explores the current employment situation of people with disabilities inSpainand how it has changed during the recent economic crisis. Macroeconomic data on the employment of disabled and non-disabled populations from 2008 to 2012 are compared. The results show that people with disabilities face a worse situation in terms of both job placement and wages. While the economic crisis has had serious effects on both groups, the effects on the non-disabled population have been more pronounced.


Cite as: Bosu, P. P., Apetorgbor, M. M., Amissah, L. and Mutta, D. 2019. Status, trends and impacts of forest and tree pests in West and Central Africa. African Journal of Rural Development 4 (1): 93-107. Received: 14 August 2018 Accepted: 26 February 2019 Published: 31 March 2019 ABSTRACT There is considerable drive in many countries of West and Central Africa towards reforestation and rehabilitation initiatives that use trees. However, the occurrence of pests and diseases in Africa is having considerable impact on forest growth and yield and thus reducing profits from forests. Consequently, measures to protect forests from pests and diseases should be an integral part of sustainable forest management. The objective of the study was to evaluate the status and trends of forest and tree pests and disease management in the West and Central African regions with the view to proposing appropriate control measures, including development of protocols for pest and disease surveillance. A combination of literature review and expert surveys conducted in six countries, including Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Gabon and Democratic Republic of Congo were used to gather information on the topic. The results showed that pest problems in the WCA region are generally sporadic. In the humid zone of the sub-region, establishment of plantations of high-value indigenous timber species such as iroko (Milicia excelsa and Milicia regia) attacked by the gall-forming Phytolyma lata, and mahogany (Khaya and Entandrophragma spp.) attacked by the shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta, have been largely avoided. In the Sahel-Savanna zone, termites are the major pests of trees, affecting both indigenous and introduced species. In the mid-1980s, an outbreak of the oriental yellow scale insect Aonidiella orientalis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) affected millions of neem (Azadirachta indica) in the countries of the Lake Chad Basin. However, pest trends are generally not that clear in the sub-region. Except for a few cases, endemic pests and disease problems have persisted for decades. A new trend is emerging where exotic species which have been widely planted due to their relative stability to pests now appear to be succumbing to attacks. Recent forest health surveys in Ghana, for example, revealed potentially serious stem canker infections on cedrela (Cedrela odorata), and Amillaria root diseases on teak (Tectona grandis) in plantations. Also, cases of what appears to be symptoms of blue gum chalcid (Leptocybe invasa) attacks have been observed in the region. Enhancing pest surveillance and management in the sub regions are recommended.


Purpose In order to identify the network and the components involved in the follicular development and early embryogenesis,a cDNA library from mouse oocyte for yeast-2-hybrid system was to be constructed by homologous recombination to screen early embryo development-related gene. Methods A PCR-based cDNA amplification method(Smart technology) was used.Total RNA of 500 mouse oocytes was extracted with the one step method of RNA by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction with Stratrgene RNApre kit.The double-stranded cDNA was synthesized using MATCHMAKER kit.The SmaⅠ-linearized PGADT7-rec was cotransfected to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH109 with the amplified double-stranded cDNA. Results The titer of the amplified cDNA library was 3.7×106 cfu/ml,the inserted fragment size of recombinants from 0.6-0.9 kb and the percentage recombinant clones was 60%. Conclusions The results determined was that this mouse oocyte cDNA libraries was beneficial for yeast-2-hybrid screening.


A protection of electric field is introduced in this paper. The sensor uses fiber as transmission line. So resistance to electromagnetic disturbance has been improved. It has characteristics of high input resistance , wide band and being free from electromagnetic interference.


Event synopsis: It means to be an activist today? The symposium addresses this issue from three inseparable and constitutive poles of militancy. The first focuses on the individual engaged in identity perspective of the commitment to militant career, the sociological basis of militancy. The second concerns the cases brought by the militants: the multiplication of causes, their legitimacy or disqualification, internationalization, causes daily. The third focuses on the organization, forms and methods of activism, interactions between individuals and collectives engaged more or less structured. The symposium will encounter and exchange between researchers working on these issues and members social organizations that reflect the renewal of their membership base, the nature of their actions and their organizational form.


The droop control device and method is disclosed. Droop control device, of the measuring unit, the output voltage, and using the measured value of the current using a frequency control, the measured value and the droop control frequency value for calculating the droop control frequency value of the DC component to measure the output voltage and current of the inverter extraction unit for calculating a voltage value and current value of the current value of the direct current component normal minute oil reactive DC current value and the normal minutes using a measured value u reactive current value of the normal minute voltage controller and the direct current component for calculating the voltage compensation value of the negative sequence using the organic void DC current value and the measured value and a negative sequence voltage controller for calculating a negative sequence voltage u reactive compensation value.


When there is mass loss from a binary system, the lost mass carries energy and angular momentum out of the system. Therefore, the remaining system must adjust its orbital parameters to the changing values of the total kinematic energy E and the total angular momentum N as the to tal mass M decreases. The parameters concerned here are : the frac tional mass y , the semi-major axis a , and the eccentricity e .


Prime-Jan (APF-8) and Prime-Jim (APF-12) are the first commercial cultivars of primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus). Prime-Jan resulted from a cross of Ark. 1836 × Arapaho, whereas Prime-Jim was obtained from Arapaho × Ark. 830, and both were developed in Arkansas, USA. This unique type of blackberry fruit on current-season canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes). All other existing blackberry cultivars fruit only on floricanes, requiring canes to be overwintered to produce a crop. This new type of fruiting habit has the potential to revolutionize blackberry production much like that occurring in primocane-fruiting red raspberries (R. ideaus). These first primocane-fruiting cultivars are intended primarily for home-garden production, and for limited commercial trial evaluations.


Vapor phase hydrogenolysis of diethyl maleate on Cu−Zn−Al−O catalysts is investigated for the coproduction of 1,4-butanediol, γ-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran. Roles of catalyst composition are explored and a high (Cu + Zn)/Al ratio is found necessary for a high yield of 1,4-butanediol. The catalyst calcination and reduction procedures are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis techniques. The preliminary results show that two active sites, associated with Cu0 and Cu+ phases, respectively, may exist on the catalyst with the former responsible for the formation of tetrahydrofuran and the latter for 1,4-butanediol and γ-butyrolactone. The optimum operation conditions for the production of 1,4-butanediol as the main product are recommended as 473 K, 4 MPa, 0.2 mL (diethyl maleate)(g of catalyst)-1 h-1 and 100/1 (H2/diethyl maleate), under which 1,4-butanediol yield reaches 59%, γ-butyrolactone 26%, and tetrahydrofuran 15%. Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst is tested over 2...


Treatments of 1,3-dimethyluracil and of thiophenes with palladium(II) acetate and sodium peroxodisulfate under a carbon monoxide atmosphere gave 1,3-dimethyluracil-5-carboxylic acid and the corresponding thiophene-2-carboxylic acids, respectively.


The genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) was determined among 188 mango accessions using 40 SSR markers. A total of 303 alleles were discovered, with a mean value of 7.58 and an average PIC of 0.583, showing that the SSR markers utilized in this investigation was quite informative. High Shannon's index (1.304) and He (0.624) reflected the high genetic diversity of Chinese mango genetic resources. PCoA analysis and phenogram analysis divided the accessions broadly into groups representing their geographical origins and suggested a clear separation between M. indica and M. persiciformis. This expanded awareness of the genetic diversity of mango germplasm would aid breeders in choosing better parents, hence accelerating the delivery of improved cultivars to industry in order to satisfy consumer demand.


Abstract Assessment of the impact on air quality for combustion sources should be carried out using advanced modelling systems with chemical transformation modules taken into account, especially for the facilities characterized by significant emission of gaseous air pollutants (including SO2). This approach increases the reliability of the obtained evaluation results by modelling the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) in the air which can substantially contribute to PM10. This paper assesses in this regard selected chemical transformation modules (MESOPUFF, RIVAD/ARM3, ISORROPIA/RIVAD) available in the CALPUFF model (v. 6.42) and its application in the atmospheric dispersion modelling of air emissions from a coal-fired large combustion plant (LCP) not equipped with a flue gas desulphurization (FGD) system. It has been proven that consideration an additional mechanism of secondary sulfate aerosol formation in aqueous phase in the ISORROPIA/RIVAD module (AQUA option) causes a significant increase in the annual average concentration of PM10 in the air compared to the other considered options, along with the calculation variant which excludes chemical transformation mechanisms. Type of the selected chemical transformation module has no significant effect on the results of modelled NO, NO2 and NOx concentrations in the air. However, it can lead to different SO2 results, especially for annual averaged, and in some points, for the hourly averaged concentrations.


In the midst of growing concern by labor shortage, there is an urgent and major need for efficient maintenance and effective management of aging infrastructure. Inspection and investigation of large underwater structures such as dam embankments with depth of more than 40m, offshore and port structures by human divers is the challenging task from the viewpoint of safety and efficiency. In this paper we have participated in the event offered by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, a symposium for, The Next Generation Social Infrastructure Robotic Inspection and have obtained the field verification results by using Underwater Inspection Robots in inspecting dam structures.


The present investigation of descriptive and quantitative type, was conducted in
order to determine the relationship of Human Resource Strategies modern approach
aimed at raising the Motivation and Job Satisfaction and Quality of Service provided
to users Esperanza Hospital EsSalud during the months July to October 2013. Its
theoretical foundations are grounded in human needs Maslow, Herzberg Bifactorial
Theory in Locke's goal setting and expectancy-valence Vroom.
The Universe Sampling consisted of 90 employees, who have applied the test
"Labor Survey motivation" and "Job Satisfaction Survey" and then applied the
"Survey of Quality of Service" to 370 insured in order to identify the quality of service
provided by the staff at the Esperanza Hospital Essalud.
The results show that 57% of the workers are poorly motivated, 57% Overall
satisfaction level low, low 46% extrinsic satisfaction and intrinsic satisfaction low
23% and finally 42% have a care Regular Quality these results being statistically
significant for research.


The revival of the Na-ion battery concept has prompted an intense search for new high capacity Na-based positive electrodes. Recently, emphasis has been placed on manipulating Na-based layered compounds to trigger the participation of the anionic network. We further explored this direction and show the feasibility of achieving anionic-redox activity in three-dimensional Na-based compounds. A new 3D β-Na1.7IrO3 phase was synthesized in a two-step process, which involves first the electrochemical removal of Li from β-Li2IrO3 to produce β-IrO3, which is subsequently reduced by electrochemical Na insertion. We show that β-Na1.7IrO3 can reversibly uptake nearly 1.3 Na+ per formula unit through an uneven voltage profile characterized by the presence of four plateaus related to structural transitions. Surprisingly, the β-Na1.7IrO3 phase was found to be stable up to 600 °C, while it could not be directly synthesized via conventional synthetic methods. Although these Na-based iridate phases are of limited practica...


This paper is about the comparison of the cycle of money with the rewarding taxes and without the impact factor of the education. The impact factor of education supports the uncontrolled transactions. Thence, the impact factor of the education is important as enforces the economic dynamic of any economy. Then, we extract conclusions about the importance of this impact factor. For the purposes of this analysis is used the Q.E. method.


The main goal of my Ph.D. research is to create a new model for how game analytics effectively can guide indie game developers' decision making. This new model mainly focuses on supporting indie mo ...


actively at work on the concept of the terminology used in our field to identify children who are handicapped by their behavior. During the past two years a subcommittee appointed by the Executive Committee has been developing and revising a position paper which focuses on terminology. The entire text of the paper is presented on the following pages. The initial ideas for the paper's content were discussed and agreed upon in April 1983 at the Spring Executive Committee meeting. During the ensuing year a position statement was published in Behavioral Disorders and comments were solicited. A draft version of the position paper was prepared for the Spring Executive meeting in April 1984. In September 1984 38 persons in our field were sent copies of the draft for review, and their comments were solicited. Those comments were considered at the Fall Executive Committee meeting. At that meeting the Executive Committee finalized the content of the paper, and the final draft was completed in February 1985. While the text which follows represents the end product of the original subcommittee, it remains open for comments and consideration from the membership. In order to facilitate such comments, the Executive Committee conducted a program session entitled Issues in Terminology for Children Who Are Handicapped by Their Behavior during the 1985 CEC Conference in Anaheim. At that session the position was reviewed and five professionals responded, representing various perspectives on the issue. There was also an audience response period. If, after reading the paper, you wish to comment, please do so. Comments should be in writing and directed to Dr. Sharon Huntze, Department of Special Education, University of Missouri-Columbia, 515 South Sixth Street, Columbia, MO 65211, or to any other member of the Executive Committee.


Two European political economists examine the restructuring of external relations of the Central Asian republics (CARs) after the disintegration of the Soviet Union by focusing on the structures of exports based on evidence provided by past balances of payments and trade data disaggregated at a relatively high level. The authors' investigation identifies shifts in the commodity composition of exports since the CARs' independence, both in terms of the share of major commodity groupings (e.g., toward raw materials) and in the quality/valueadded of goods within specific commodity groups, as well as the spatial pattern of export destinations. The paper also addresses differences in the CARs' trade performance during the post-Soviet period, which remain small despite the substantial differences in resource endowments and policy orientations. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F14, F40, O11, P50. 1 figure, 11 tables, 40 references.


With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, it has been applied in more and more fields and products, so the research on 3D printing technology control process has important practical significance. This paper first analyzes the current development of 3D printing technology, and then introduces the classification of 3D printing technology, as well as the classification of control process system. Finally, several control process systems of 3D printing technology are analyzed and studied.


Plumbago zeylanica Linn. also known as 'Chitrak' belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. Medicinally the most valued part of the plant Plumbago is its root. The roots have potential pharmacological activities and are widely used medicinally. The aim of the present study was to standardize a protocol for rapid, direct adventitious root induction and proliferation of Plumbago zeylanica, so that well developed roots suitable for medicinal uses are obtained within short time. Roots were directly induced from leaves, internodes and nodal explants on media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Plant Growth regulators. Media supplemented with Napthylacetic acid and Kinetin was found to be most effective in direct root induction. The in vitro induced roots were multiplied on suitable media. The roots showed best multiplication on ½ strength M.S. medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L Indole-3- butyric acid. The roots were compared with authenticated root sample via High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. The components showed good separation on solvent system consisting of Toluene: Glacial acetic acid (9.5: 0.5). The profile of the in vitro induced root sample was found to be matching with that of authenticated root sample


Calculations are presented of the energy band structure of the infinite phosphite polymer —[HPO2]n—. A study is made of the way in which the energy bands vary when different analytic forms are adopted for the Fock matrix and when 3d orbitals are included in the basis set for phosphorus. Criteria for the assessment for a "good" calculation of an energy band structure are discussed. The calculations are discussed in the light of the chemistry expected for such a polymer.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the extent of inappropriate use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) according to the United States Medical Eligibility Criteria (U.S. MEC).

METHODS
We analyzed Kantar Health's 2010 U.S. National Health and Wellness Survey data, which is an annual population-based survey of 75,000 U.S. adults via internet. A stratified random sampling framework was used to construct a sample that reflects the U.S. census by age, gender, and ethnicity. The analysis included nonpregnant females aged 18-44 years who used CHC, including oral, patch, or vaginal rings in the past 6 months. Women classified into category 3 (theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages of using the method) or 4 (unacceptable health risk) according to the U.S. MEC were defined as having high-risk conditions, or inappropriate CHC use. The proportions of women who had inappropriate CHC use were then projected to the U.S. population by diseases/conditions and demographic characteristics incorporating sampling weights.

RESULTS
We identified 2963 adult females of reproductive age (mean 29.3±6.0) (i.e., 20.4% of all adult females of reproductive age in the database) as being CHC users. Among them, 23.7% (95% CI: 22.8%-24.5%) had at least one high-risk condition and 9.3% (95% CI: 9.2%-9.4%) had at least one condition of unacceptable risk. The three most common high-risk conditions were migraine (12.7%), multiple risk factors for arterial cardiovascular disease (9.3%), and hypertension (6.1%). Women with relatively higher proportions of inappropriate CHC use were age ≥35, not finished college, and Medicaid recipients.

CONCLUSIONS
A large portion of women used CHC inappropriately. Hormone-free and progestin-only contraceptives are available options with potentially less risk for them.


The existing classification methods of LiDAR point cloud are almost based on the assumption that each class is balanced, without considering the imbalanced class problem. Moreover, from the perspective of data volume, the LiDAR point cloud classification should be a typical big data classification problem. Therefore, by studying the existing deep network structure and imbalanced sampling methods, this paper proposes an oversampling method based on stack autoencoder. The method realizes automatic generation of synthetic samples by learning the distribution characteristics of the positive class, which solves the problem of imbalance training data well. It only takes the geometric coordinates and intensity information of the point clouds as the input layer and does not need feature construction or fusion, which reduces the computational complexity. This paper also discusses the influence of sampling number, oversampling method and classifier on the classification results, and evaluates the performance from three aspects: true positive rate, positive predictive value and accuracy. The results show that the oversampling method based on stack autoencoder is suitable for imbalanced LiDAR point cloud classification, and has a good ability to improve the effect of positive class. If it is combined with optimized classifier, the classification performance of imbalanced point cloud is greatly improved.


It is well known that hypertrophic scar formation is correlated with the hyperproliferation of fibroblasts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting scar formation. Here, we investigated the effect of hypoxic conditioned medium from placenta-derived MSCs (PDMSC-hypoCM) on the biological properties of fibroblasts and the possible mechanisms involved. The isolated PDMSCs were identified by flow cytometry. IL-10 expression was measured by Real-time PCR and ELISA after hypoxic treatment. Cell survival and apoptosis of mouse fibroblasts NIH-3T3 was examined by crystal violet staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. Cell invasion was measured by Transwell assay. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were evaluated by Western blot. Then, a mouse model of thermal injury was generated. On day 15, the levels of α-SMA, Ki67 and F4/80 in scar tissues were measured by Immunohistochemical staining. The activation of STAT3 and ERK pathways were investigated. The results showed that the isolated PDMSCs were positive for CD29 and CD44, while negative for CD31, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. Hypoxia significantly induced IL-10 expression in PDMSCs. PDMSC-hypoCM and IL-10 decreased the living cell number, promoted NIH-3T3 cell apoptosis, impaired invasion capability, lowered MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in NIH-3T3 and reduced α-SMA, Ki67, F4/80, p-STAT3 and p-ERK levels in scar tissues in a mouse model. We also observed that the effect of PDMSC-hypoCM in vitro and in vivo was reversed by neutralizing antibody against IL-10. In conclusion, PDMSC-hypoCM may suppress scar formation via IL-10, STAT3 and ERK pathways.


Twenty-eight endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from four species of solanaceae plants,which showed antagonistic effect against Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato.Among them strain Fq7 showed the best bacteriostatic effect,the diameter of its inhibition zone was 8 mm.The results from pot experiment indicated that strain Fq7 had control efficiency of 62.71% to tomato bacterial speck.The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to its morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Strain Fq7 could colonize inside of tomato plant by inoculation of daubing leaves or pouring roots,and also could be recovered from leaves and stems,which meant the bacteria could move along the vascular bundles of the plant.


The morphological characteristics of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Cayratia japonica are compared,meanwhile,the mixed causes of them are pointed out in the shape and the growth surroundings.


Hadwiger's theorem is a variant of Helly-type theorems involving common transversals to families of convex sets instead of common intersections. In this paper, we obtain a quantitative version of Hadwiger's theorem on the plane: given an ordered family of pairwise disjoint and compact convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and any real-valued monotone function on convex subsets of $\mathbb{R}^2,$ if every three sets have a common transversal, respecting the order, such that the intersection of the sets with each half-plane defined by the transversal are valued at least (or at most) some constant $\alpha,$ then the entire family has a common transversal with the same property. Unlike previous generalizations of Hadwiger's theorem, we prove that disjointness is necessary for the quantitative case. We also prove colorful versions of our results.


Through compaction test of K30,Ev2,Evd and porosity n of the second double line of Lan-Xin railway subgrade test section,the results of four test and its correlation were analyzed.The analysis shows that: because of the various filler type,size distribution,the direct linear correlation of Evd and K30,Ev2 and K30 is poor.But the correlation between Evd and K30,Ev2 and K30 can fitting by a special function,so their indirect correlation is better.It is showed that by the fitting function of Ev2 and K30,standards between Ev2 and K30 do not match each other,comparing with Ev2,Ev2/Ev1 can reflect the quality of subgrade compaction better.It is proposed that,high-speed railway subgrade testing in the desert area,in the following embankment subgrade: Ev2≥60 MPa and Ev2/Ev1≤3.2;Underlying subgrade: Ev2≥80 MPa and Ev2/Ev1≤3.It is not scientific that using uniform porosity to control the degree of compaction.The porosity n corresponding with compaction K,should determined by compaction test of specific filling materials.It is proposed in the Gobi region,the following embankment subgrade:n≤25%;Underlying subgrade:n≤23%.


In order to monitor the site pollution severity of insulators,an optical sensor monitoring terminal was designed and manufactured.The system was based on the light energy loss theory in dielectric optical waveguide and mathematical modeling of artificial neural networks,and the design was comparatively researched.According to the monitor terminal with optical sensors,the temperature,humidity and solar energy parameters were collected and sent to data monitoring center by GSM or GPR and CDMA data communications module.The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non soluble deposit density (NSDD) could be calculated by the mathematical model in the data center monitoring station.The system was managed by database technology,and could monitor the pollution status on insulators automatically and continuously.The monitoring system has been verified experimentally and operated around the country.The measurement results with the traditional measurement methods are in agreement with the new way.The maximum measurement deviation of ESDD is 5.6%,and the system performance measurement accuracy and immunity meet the requirements of standards.The ESDD and NSDD monitoring system provides an effective means to control the level of transmission and distribution equipment external insulation in real time.


Why is it so difficult to engage learners in the learning experience? Perhaps our designs are missing key ingredients that could make learners care about the experience. This week's article reviews what we know about the non-cognitive elements of learning, and suggests how you can hook the learner, relieve anxieties as you set expectations about content, and design emotionally engaging experiences! Making It Matter to the Learner: e-Motional e-Learning


Machine learning is an intelligent method that plays a good role in the field of classification and prediction. The prediction results need to be prepared in the field of sports prediction. This is because gambling in large-scale sports events involves a lot of money. At the same time, sports professional club managers and bosses are working hard to establish intelligent video processing and resource allocation, SQL as a database. These models involve many factors related to the game, such as historical game results, player performance indicators, and opponent information. Based on the theory of multi-frame mining, this paper develops a machine learning framework for predicting sports results to analyze the results of sports events.


Purpose : To investigate the expression of TNF- α and its receptors (types I and II) at mRNA level in oocytes and granulose cells as well as to study effect of TNF-α on follicular cell death in mice with experimental immune ovarian failure induced by immunization with allogenic ovarian extracts. Methods : Oocytes and granulosa cells were isolated from ovaries of mice which were immunized with allogenic ovarian extract. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TNF-α and its receptors at mRNA level. To distinguish living, apoptotic and necrotic granulosa cells supravital double staining was applied with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide dyes. Results: We have revealed that expression of TNF-α and both receptors (TNFR-I and TNFR-II) mRNAs was changed in mice with immune ovarian failure. The levels of  TNF-α and TNFR-I mRNAs were detected to be higher in oocytes and granulosa cells upon immunization. However, the expression of mRNA encoding TNFR-II was decreased in granulosa and it was not found out in oocytes. We also detected the intensification of apoptosis and especially necrosis in follicular cells after their treatment with TNF-α. Conclusions: TNF-α and its receptor system plays important role in impairment of oocyte meiotic maturation and enhancement of follicle cell death upon immune-mediated ovarian failure. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11408.


The Boersch effect is calculated for two electron‐beam configurations: an ideal lens leading to a single crossover and an electron gun which has no crossover. The results agree with previous work both as to the spatial spreading caused by space charge and the energy broadening due to electron‐electron interactions. The energy spread produced in a gun with no crossover is clearly demonstrated and shown as a function of emitting area and beam current.


Now more than ever, both in the UK and globally, it is essential to create safe spaces for children and young people to have a dialogue about mental health. It is estimated (Young Minds, 2015) that three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition and one in ten young people have self-harmed and even these figures are thought to be significantly underestimated. The World Health Organisation recently recognised that suicide is the primary cause of death for teenage girls, which is a shocking statistic (World Health Organization, 2014) that illustrates clearly that young people are experiencing significant levels of distress and need. In a climate of economic "austerity" however, it is unlikely that Children and Young People's Mental Health (CYPMH) services will meet the demand. Looking to address this, we find significant barriers that prevent children, young people and families from engaging with what is on offer. A lot is written about how mental health stigma prevents young people from engaging with services, fearful this might imply that they are seen as "mad", have a vulnerability, or weakness and they are therefore inhibited from accessing support early. When they do present, they are often experiencing significant distress, that is harder to address and those that do access services, may experience a mismatch between their expectations and an understanding of their difficulties. Consequently, there is a significant group, unwilling, or unable, to access the support available. Our work has focused on finding ways of helping young people engage with a dialogue around mental health and access support that is meaningful and has positive impact.