A series of experiments are conducted to analyze the physicochemical properties of the typical weak expansive soil of Anyang before and after treated by ionic soil stabilizer(ISS).Standard moisture absorption content test is used to analyze the water-holding capacity of soil.XRD and FITR tests are employed to identify mineral component and crystal structure,cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cation composition.Zeta potential test is used to analyze the electrochemical properties.The surface area of the expansive soil is also measured.The test results show that the water-holding capacity of the expansive soil decreases after improved by ISS,correspondingly,the swelling capacity weakens.The mineral component of tested soil has no significant change,however the interlayer spacing(d001) shifts to a smaller one,indicating the loss of hydration between interlayer of montmorillonite.Through ion exchange,ISS replaces surface hydrophilic cations in the particles of the expansive soil and promotes a reduction of cation exchange capacity,and the main component of the exchangeable cations is Ca2+.Moreover,Zeta potential and surface area decrease,which enhances the connection between soil particles.The mechanism of action of ISS on the expansive soil can be explained as follows:through a series of complex surface physicochemical reactions including cation exchange,absorption and coverage,the water sensitivity and hydrophilic between interlayers weaken,the structure double electric layer is changed,and the thickness of absorbed water is reduced,consequently,water stability and engineering properties are greatly improved.


This paper suggests that the basic course in argumentation should be developed around objectives, pedagogy, and materials which will describe the choice behaviors of the advocate and critic.


A model is described for the morphological evolution of GaAs(001) during metalorganic molecular‐beam epitaxy (MOMBE) with triethylgallium (TEG) and solid‐As sources. The model includes the migration and attachment/detachment kinetics of atomic Ga and the migration and decomposition kinetics of a more mobile precursor (not necessarily TEG). By biasing the decomposition of the precursor to sites with low coordination, we are able to account for two important observations concerning MOMBE and molecular‐beam epitaxy under nominally the same growth conditions: the reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) specular intensity oscillations on a singular surface show higher amplitude and are less damped during MOMBE, but on a vicinal surface, there is no discernible difference in the RHEED measurements for the two techniques.


Mohammed Khair-Eddine's fiction offers an unusual, less fixed, and less unified articulation of the question of space as related to culture and identity. The article argues that his vision of community comprises the overlapping spaces of language, culture, and geography. The question of identity in his works is not founded on ethnicity, language, religion, or history, but rather on the position vis-a-vis the other. The article subverts the archaic sociopolitical order that underpins people's understanding of themselves. This, in turn, undermines the post-independence resistance to change rooted in the claim of a fixed identity in the name of authenticity and specificity. It enounces the possibility of new forms of co-existence through the inter-subjective experience that literature makes possible. Introduction As in most postcolonial literature, the question of identity occupies center stage in Francophone literature of the Maghreb, and that is not only because of the use of the former colonizing power's language. In fact, the issue of whether Maghrebi authors are right or wrong in using French as their medium of expression is less debated today than it was in the first decades of the history of this literature. In Morocco, for instance, the artists and intellectuals of the literary journal Souffles have settled this issue after a long and profound debate conducted in the seventies of the last century. It was agreed that the announced "new literature" would have at least two languages, French and Arabic, to which we now have to add Tamazight (Berber). However, the artistic and literary concern with identity goes far beyond the language of expression to question the hitherto unquestioned conceptions of what constitutes culture. The poetics and the politics that shape many works of Maghrebi literature call for a profound rethinking of Maghrebi cultural identity in the light of alternative, and even oppositional, perspectives in history. In this article, I propose to look at the complex issue of culture and identity not so much as a problem left over from the colonial experience, but one that goes back in time (and space), and that addresses the question from a philosophical as well as a historical point of view. The sense (or non-sense) of space in the francophone literature of the Maghreb is inextricably linked with the sense (or non-sense) of who we are (Berbers, Mediterraneans, Arabs, Africans, Westerners) and where we belong (The Maghreb, the Mediterranean region, Africa, the Arab World, the Middle East, The Moslem World). The phrase "sense and non-sense" is meant to emphasize the contingent and transient character of the construction or the projection of individual and communal identity, and the improbability of the essentialism that usually accompanies such a notion. Therefore, an examination of the notion of space in fiction amounts to an effort at mapping the mental geography and cultural diversity wherein the author inscribes the question of identity. Where the notion of space is open, fragmentary, or fuzzy, identity cannot be approached as fixed, determined, and absolute. Therefore, the contention of this article is that the works of many Maghrebi writers present us with an intermediary space, an in-between dimension which is the site of new experiences of identity and difference. The objective then is to investigate the theoretical and practical implications of such a positioning. For this purpose, I will focus on the works of Moroccan poet and novelist Mohammed Khair-Eddine (1941-1995), which, in my opinion, articulate the question of space as related to culture and identity in terms other than the usual conceptions of a fixed world of forms, a spatial unity, and a pre-given order. In fact, taking into account the overlapping territories of language, culture, and geography between north and south, Europe and the Maghreb, and the undeniable facts of colonialism, cross-migration, and historical and cultural interpenetration, it becomes clear that our conceptualization of identity can no longer be founded on originary facts of ethnicity, language, religion, history, or geographic territory. …


Hyowon6, a mid-late maturing, good eating quality rice variety with multi-resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of Pusan National University in 2013. This variety was derived from a cross between Hwayeong (as a multi-resistant parent) and Koshihikari (as a good eating quality parent). Selection by the pedigree breeding method was carried out until the F 8 generation. A promising line, JS14-12-36-8-5-3-1-1-1, was developed and designated as HY103 in 2013. This variety headed on August 22, which was 11 days later than that of Hwayeong. The culm length and panicle length of Hyowon6 was 85.7 cm and 21.1 cm, respectively. The number of panicles per hill was 14.5 and the number of grains per panicle was 101.7. The ratio of ripened grain was approximately 92% and the 1,000-grain weight was approximately 21.36 g for brown rice, which were similar to those of Hwayeong. Hyowon6 was moderately resistant to lodging and also to neck blast, leaf blight, and stripe virus. The glossiness value of Hyowon6 was 83, which was considerably higher than that of Hwayeong.


Tie rods are structural elements that transfer axial tensile loads and are typically used on walls, vaults, arches, and buttresses in historical buildings. To verify their load-bearing capacity and identify possible structural damage risks, the forces transferred by tie rods and the corresponding stresses must be determined. However, this is often a challenging task due to the lack of project documentation for historical buildings. Uncertainties like complex boundary conditions or unknown material and geometrical properties make it hard to assess the tie rods' load level. This paper presents a methodology for the determination of axial forces in tie rods that combines on-site experimental research and a numerical model-updating technique. Along with the common approach based on a determination of the natural frequency of tie rods, this paper presents an approach based on tie rods' mode shapes. Special emphasis is placed on the boundary conditions coefficient, which is a crucial parameter in the analytical solution for axial forces determination based on the conducted on-site experiments. The method is applied in a historical building case study.


We succeeded in observing bright electroluminescence (EL) from 1wt%-rubrene doped tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy) as an active layer in a lateral organic light-emitting diode structure that allowed field-effect transistor operation. This device configuration provides an organic light-emitting diode structure where the anode (source) and cathode (drain) electrodes are laterally arranged, providing us a chance to control the EL intensity by changing the gate bias. We demonstrated that TPPy provides compatible transistor and EL characteristics. Further, not only rubrene doping into the TPPy host but also adjusting the source-drain channel length significantly improved the EL characteristics. We observed a maximum EL quantum efficiency (ηext) of ∼0.5% with a Cr∕Au source (S)-drain (D) electrode and a slightly higher ηext of ∼0.8% with S-D electrodes of MgAu∕Au, Al∕Au, Cr∕YAu∕Au, and MgAl∕Au multilayers, aiming for simultaneous hole and electron injection.


In this article we first summarise the main points raised by Morrow (1979) in the publication that formed the core of the Communicative Language Testing discussions at the original Language Testing Forum (1980). We take into consideration issues raised by the 1980 Forum participants when appropriate. We apply Morrow's ideas and issues emerging from the Forum in an analysis of an examination suite called Graded Examinations in Spoken English (GESE) in order to determine whether in Morrow's terms the examination would qualify as communicative. We then briefly describe a recent attempt to investigate our own claims that GESE is communicative, which involved applying a validation framework to our syllabuses, candidate performances, and performance descriptors.


Steering angle prediction is critical in the control of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and has attracted the attention of researchers, manufacturers, and insurance companies in the automotive industry. Different Deep Learning (DL) architectures have been applied to predict the steering angle of AVs in various scenarios. A survey on steering angle prediction based on deep learning algorithms can help expert researchers identify those areas that require development. Also, novice researchers can use the survey as a starting point. In this article, we present a broad study on the recent advances made in DL architectures that covers the steering angle prediction of AVs. A new comprehensive taxonomy of the application of DL in steering angle prediction of AVs is created. The survey presents a concise research summary synthesis, and analysis. It is found that most researchers depend on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) over other DL architectures in predicting the steering angle of autonomous driving vehicles. Also identified are open research problems. The prominent challenge facing DL-based steering angle prediction of AVs is lack of sufficient real-world datasets, which means that researchers largely depend on data generated from simulated environments. Lastly, alternative viewpoints to solve the identified open research challenges are proposed, pointing towards promising future research directions.


According to Qur'an, God's divine merit-demerit system never allows for any biased treatment towards men or women. Dignity instead is what God has granted on all children of Adam. The present article, hence, sought to trace back women's dignity and equality to the discourse of Qur'an working on a sample of 11 Surahs. The discourse analysis was based on combinatory perspectives of text linguistics, pragmatics, and rhetoric. The results revealed that the most salient marked discoursal devices of women's equality and dignity were the techniques such as parallelism, anaphoric repetitions, juxtaposition of the believers' attributes, emphatic negative propositions. In addition, the sometimes situated hierarchical pattern of relationship between men and women were not indicative of any unfair evaluation of either gender. Instead, the yardstick was the amount of the believers' efforts in the way of God's "forgiveness and reward".


This study aims to understand the importance and significance of extreme body modifications (body modifications), conducted through tattoos, piercings, scarification, reamers etc. under a so-called "alternative culture". Intends to analyze also the body of notions that are activated and the place that the pain occupies this body transformation. It presents the theoretical basis of the discussions that take place in Anthropology and Sociology of the body. Therefore examines the body as a social construct beyond the biological, which is founded on the values and localized knowledge practices and the reuse of technical and biomedical technologies. This work has an ethnographic approach thus aims to understand the experiences of a particular social group, practitioners and experts of body modification. Made use of research techniques such as semistructured interviews and participant observation. It was observed that the Body Modification or Body Mod, is not only the inclusion of piercings, reamers, tattoos, scarification, but there is a prospect of creating identities using the body as a means of construction and description of himself. Professionals working in the production of body modification end up becoming therapists who make a reuse and reinvention of body transformation technologies from shared knowledge and practices in the popular environment in which they operate.


In economic and social sciences it is crucial to test theoretical models against reliable and big enough databases. The general research challenge is to build up a well-structured database that suits well to the given research question and that is cost efficient at the same time. In this paper we focus on crawler programs that proved to be an effective tool of data base building in very different problem settings. First we explain how crawler programs work and illustrate a complex research process mapping business relationships using social media information sources. In this case we illustrate how search robots can be used to collect data for mapping complex network relationship to characterize business relationships in a well defined environment. After that extend the case and present a framework of three structurally different research models where crawler programs can be applied successfully: exploration, classification and time series analysis. In the case of exploration we present findings about the Hungarian web agency industry when no previous statistical data was available about their operations. For classification we show how the top visited Hungarian web domains can be divided into predefined categories of e-business models. In the third research we used a crawler to gather the values of concrete pre-defined records containing ticket prices of low cost airlines from one single site. Based on the experiences we highlight some conceptual conclusions and opportunities of crawler based research in e-business.


It is an important topic of the relationship between family sacrificial rites of Manchu nationality and Shamanism.This article holds that family sacrificial rites origin from Shamanism and simultaneously there exists distinction between them.Family sacrificial rites of Manzu nationality is the last form of Shamanism.


Space charge physics based on the analysis of polarization and relaxation of dielectric materials is shown to give a consistent description of various phenomena observed in ceramics subjected to stresses of various kins (electrical, mechanical, thermal etc.) Pure sapphire was the model material tested. Defects introduced in ceramic (by irradiation, diffusion, mechanical stresses, etc.) locally change the polarizability, and modify the capacity of the charge and thus the properties of the material. These changes in properties affect the whole ceramic, not only the bulk areas with defects. Sites of trapping are created by friction everywhere in the material (i.e., inside and outside the contact track). Therefore, the behavior can be modified by a machining process. The mechanical relaxation of the energy stored in a charged lattice is eventually converted into shock waves producing flashover, fracture, or wear located in the trapping areas.<<ETX>>


Objective
To investigate the application value of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion in the parenteral nutritional support treatment following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods
The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 60 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital between January 2018 and December 2018 were collected. There were 37 males and 23 females, aged from 28 to 78 years, with an average age of 64 years. Thirty patients who received parenteral nutrition containing 100 mL of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion after radical gastrectomy and 30 patients who received parenteral nutrition containing routine fat emulsion after radical gastrectomy were allocated into experimental group and control group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) nutritional indicators in the perioperative period; (2) inflammatory indicators in the perioperative period; (3) immune indicators in the perioperative period; (4) postoperative complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was evaluated using the independent-sample t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers and percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
(1) Nutritional indicators in the perioperative period: the levels of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin from preoperative day 1 to preoperative day 6 were respectively changed from (60.2±3.0)g/L to (57.2±3.1)g/L, from (35.3±3.1)g/L to (37.0±1.8)g/L, from (186±24)mg/L to (172±17)mg/L, from (3.0±0.7)g/L to (2.4±0.4)g/L in the experimental group and from (60.6±2.4)g/L to (55.7±4.2)g/L, from (35.0±3.8)g/L to (36.0±3.8)g/L, from (184±18)mg/L to (173±25)mg/L, from (3.1±0.6)g/L to (2.2±0.8)g/L in the control group, with no significant difference in the changing trends between the two groups (F=0.79, 2.14, 0.03, 0.36, P>0.05). (2) Inflammatory indicators in the perioperative period: the levels of white blood cells, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α from preoperative day 1 to preoperative day 6 were respectively from (7.2±1.1)×109/L to (10.2±0.9)×109/L, from (7.2±2.3)mg/L to (25.5±6.3)mg/L, from (16±3)ng/L to (24±4)ng/L, from (17±4)ng/L to (22±5)ng/L in the experimental group and from (7.4±0.8)×109/L to (13.0±1.3)×109/L, from (6.9±2.4)mg/L to (41.6±18.9)mg/L, from (17±4)ng/L to (45±8)ng/L, from (16±4)ng/L to (43±7)ng/L in the control group, respectively, with significant differences in the changing trends between the two groups (F=63.05, 51.65, 127.82, 104.91, P 0.05). (4) Postoperative complications: 5 patients had postoperative complications, with a incidence rate of 16.7%(5/30), including 1 of abdominal infection, 1 of incisional infection, and 3 of pulmonary infection, and all the 5 patients were cured after symptomatic treatment. Nine patients had postoperative complications, with a incidence rate of 30.0%(9/30), including 2 of abdominal infection, 2 of incisional infection, and 5 of pulmonary infection, and all the 9 patients were cured after symptomatic treatment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (χ2=1.491, P>0.05).

Conclusion
For patients who receive gastric cancer surgery, ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion can reduce the inflammatory response, improve their immune function and not increase postoperative complications.

Key words:
Gastric neoplasms; Gastric cancer; ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion; Nutritional support; Perioperative period; Complications


Value orientation determines the mode of thinking and behavior of the subject in the governance of virtual society and also relates to the success of virtual social governance. The value orientation of the maximization of public interest motivates multiple subjects to mutually understand and respect each other,and seek common ground on major questions while reserving differences. To achieve inclusive development by spreading positive energy which accords with the fundamental will of participants in the most extensive social public affairs is an inevitable choice multiple subjects have in the participation of virtual social governance practice. When confronting with the current situation of the diversified value orientation in the virtual society,the value orientation of the maximization of public interest can be established in virtual social governance practice by reinforcing the predominance of socialist core values in network,maintaining the fairness and justice,promoting the public reason of virtual society,and perfecting the participation mechanism of public affairs in virtual society. Only by achieving these can virtual society march toward successful governance.


Introduction:
 Atrial fibrillation (AF) adversely affect the outcomes in the patients of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, however there are limited data exploring such an association in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

 Hypothesis:
 AF is associated with worse outcomes in HFpEF.

 Methods:
 We included all the patients with the primary diagnosis of HFpEF from the national inpatient sample (NIS) database (2012-2014) using ICD-9 codes. Exposure of interest was AF. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were rates of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), syncope, cardiogenic shock, embolic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute kidney injury (AKI), passive hepatic congestion, ventricular fibrillation (V fib) and flutter, ventricular assist device (VAD), AICD, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), intra-aortic balloon placement (IABP) placement and heart transplantation. Hospitalization cost was also studied.

 Results:
 Our study cohorts included 26,51,970 patients of HFpEF with AF and 37,44,101 patients of HFpEF without AF. AF cohort had more numbers of older patients and less female representation. In-hospital mortality was more in AF cohort. Similarly, the odds of SCA, cardiogenic shock, embolic stroke, passive hepatic congestion, Vfib and flutter, AICD and CRT placement were higher in AF cohort. The odds of syncope, AMI and AKI were lower in AF cohort as compared to non-AF cohort. While the odds of heart transplantation and VAD and IABP use remained comparable between the study cohorts, AF cohort incurred greater of cost of hospitalization.

 Conclusion:
 AF in HFpEF patients is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock and should be aggressively treated for improved outcomes.


This paper reviews results related to the parallel machine scheduling problem under availability constraints. The motivation of this paper comes from the fact that no survey focusing on this specific problem was published. The problems of single machine, identical, uniform, and unrelated parallel machines under different constraints and optimizing various objective functions were analyzed. For every surveyed problem, the solving algorithms and their complexities were presented. KeywordsParallel machine scheduling; availability constraints; maintenance.


Economic analyses have produced widely differing estimates of the economic implications of policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation ranging from high costs to modest benefits. The main reason for the differences appears to be differences in approaches and assumptions. This paper analyses the extent to which the post-SRES model results for the global costs of GHG mitigation can be explained by the model characteristics and the assumptions adopted. The research applies the meta-analysis methodology, combined with scatter plots of the data to identify the ranges of the results and outlying data points. A database of scenarios and results was compiled for the post-SRES scenarios, which has the major advantage that all seven models for which suitable data are available have been run using the same, independently defined scenarios. The results are strongly clustered, with only a few results outside the range -4% to 0% GDP, with a strong correlation between CO2 reduction and GDP reduction. A set of model characteristics is found to be highly significant (1% level), explaining some 70% of the variance. The main conclusion is that all modelling results regarding "GDP costs of mitigating climate change" should be qualified by the key assumptions leading to the estimates. The treatment of these assumptions can lead to the mitigation being associated with increases in GDP or with reductions.


The green construction in physical chemistry laboratory is of great significance to higher education.In this paper,the present situation of green construction in physical chemistry laboratory was reviewed from the awareness of green chemistry,hardware facilities,experiment instruments,determination systems and waste treatment.


In this paper the results of modeling, control and simulation of a DC microgrid are presented. The associated subsystems to the network, photovoltaic and wind generators and energy storage system, as well as the power converters needed to connect each subsystem to the DC link, are modeled. The control strategies for the integration of each subsystem to the microgrid are implemented, and a Particle Swarm Optimization is programmed to solve the Economic Dispatch problem of the system.


The three parallel rivers area is the most import component of the north areas in the longitudinal range-gorge,which has the most peculiar landscape.Xu Xiake,a great geographer in the end of Ming,took research on the evolution of landforms and environment earliest.During 19th century,a few scholars made little work on it.From 20th century,more and more experts were starting to make on-the-spot inspection and do some research.Since the establishment of new China,the scientific investigations of multi-subject and multi-specialty have been increasing.The research gained some valuable achievements.But as a whole,the systematic and thorough research is not enough.There is great scientific value working on the research in the science of geology,landforms,climate,biology,ecology,environment of Quaternary,etc.The research is also very significant in responding to the global change in regions.Meanwhile,it has very practical significance in the use of traveling resources,hydroelectric resources and biological resources,the ecological construction in upper reaches of great rivers,the protection and exhibition of the natural heritage all over the world and the regionally sustainable development.


Social entrepreneurship is an emerging issue in the developing countries like India, which help to provide socio economic support to the people of the country. With this aspect, the growth of social entrepreneurship is one of the contemporary issues, which relates to over all development of the nation. Thus, the main aim of social entrepreneurship is to further social and environmental goals for a good cause. Social entrepreneurs are most commonly associated with the voluntary and not-for-profit sectors. It is not a preclude making a profit. Social entrepreneurs exhibit the necessary innovations and the ability to see beyond the orthodoxy of a particular field. This paper made an attempt to discuss the overview of social entrepreneurship with respects to meaning, origin , examples , growth , foreign contributions are discussed.


My Alarm goes off at 6.30am and I lie in bed working out that I can doze for another 15 minutes before I have to get up. Well, I try despite the best efforts of early morning, suburban Baghdad. Generators cranking up - there has been yet another power cut - and the rattle and rumble of a couple of Apache helicopters. The turtledoves in the tree next to my window fly off in a flurry of feathers, rustling leaves and bouncing branches as the Apaches shake up everything when they pass close overhead.


In this paper, we study Steinness of nonpositively or nonnegatively curved strongly convex Kähler Finsler manifolds. In particular, we prove that every strongly convex Kähler Finsler manifold with a pole and nonpositive bisectional curvature must be Stein. In addition, every complete noncompact and strongly convex Kähler Berwald manifold is Stein if it has positive flag curvature everywhere, or it has nonnegative flag curvature and everywhere positive holomorphic bisectional curvature.


SURFACE PORE MEMBRANE SINTERED ALUMINA IS COATED THIN FILM, AND CONTINUOUS HEAVY ZIRCONIA THAT PREVENTS ALTERATION OF THIS AREA ON. CURVE IN FIGURE 3 REPRESENTS THE EVOLUTION OF FLOW THROUGH A MEMBRANE LAYER WITHOUT ZIRCONIA AND CURVE 4 MEMBRANE EVEN WITH SUCH A LAYER.


Ulva Linnaeus genus (Ulvaceae, Ulvales) is an ubiquitous genus widely distributed in oceans and estuaries. Currently, 128 species (accepted taxonomically) have been listed all around the world [1]. Individuals of this genus are characterized by a broad range of environmental tolerance, high growth rate and photosynthetic activity leading to a relatively abundant natural biomass. Aditionnaly, in a rich nutrient environment, these species can proliferate into green tides, making available important amounts of biomass [2]. On the other hand, the successful results obtained for Ulva spp. cultivation in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems [3] or in land based aquaculture coupled with waste water bioremediation [4] allows promising development for sustainable raw material supply. This last decade, scientific interest for this taxonomic genus has increased [5]. The cosmopolitan nature of Ulva spp., its development patterns and plasticity, among other reasons make it a good model organism to study algal growth, development and morphogenesis [6]. From an economic perspective, the use of Ulva species for different applications has been largely described: bioremediation [7], bioenergy [8], food and feed [9]. A biorefinery approach for industrial exploitation of Ulva constituents have been proposed [10]. To realize an economically feasible value chain, cascading valorization of both protein and non-protein seaweed constituents is required. We here present a mini review of pharmacological perspectives for species of the genus Ulva.


Fodder tree leaves (FTLs) contain high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals that play a major role in enhancing roughage intake by ruminants, thus improving low-quality roughage utilization. The study sought to measure the rumen degradation characteristics, pH, and ammonia N concentration of sheep fed rice straw (RS) and supplemented with FTLs. Four forest-type rumen-fistulated rams of an average weight of 19.0±1.2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Treatment diets consisted of urea-ammoniated straw (UAS; control), RS+100% Leucaena leucocephala (L), RS+100% Samanea saman (S), and RS+50% L+50% S (LS). Data obtained were subjected to the Glimmix procedure of SAS (2016) and significant means were separated using Tukey's test at (P<0.05). Treatments differed significantly (P<0.001) in the quantity of readily soluble materials (a), rate of degradation (c), and a potentially degradable fraction (P) with LS recording the highest a, c, and P among the treatments. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations differed significantly (P<0.0001) among the treatments. Overall mean rumen pH values obtained ranged from 6.44 in UAS to 6.72 in the S-supplemented diet whereas mean rumen ammonia values ranged from 4.59 mg/100 ml in sheep fed UAS diet to 9.15 mg/L in sheep fed L diet. The pH values obtained imply that the experimental diets could improve rumen fermentation and, hence, serve as good sources of feed for ruminants. The rumen DM degradation values indicated that sufficient amounts of DM would be degraded over a period of time, thus releasing substantial quantities into the small intestines for digestion to provide essential nutrients needed for better animal performance. The rumen ammonia values obtained were higher than the minimum values recommended for optimal microbial activity for animals fed lignocellulosic materials. This indicated that such FTLs could be utilized for moderate animal performance, especially during the dry seasons when natural pastures are qualitatively and quantitatively poor.


According to the different binding site between substitute group and starch,synthesizing methods of amphoteric starch were introduced respectively,and synthesizing steps of some usual amphoteric starch were illustrated in detail.By comparing wet reaction with dry,as well as semi-dry reaction,it is concluded that dry,semi-dry reaction is simple,low-pollution,high-efficiency,therefore is available.Moreover,the development trends of amphoteric starch in future are prospected.


In this paper, we use super-vectors in support vector machines for automatic speech emotion recognition. In our implementation, an utterance is converted to a super-vector formed by the mean vectors of a Gaussian mixture model adapted from a universal background model. The proposed method is evaluated on FAU-Aibo database which is wellknown to be used in INTERSPEECH 2009 Emotion Challenge. In the case of HMMbased dynamic modeling classifier, we achieve an unweighted average (UA) recall rate of 40.0%, over a baseline of 35.5%, by using the delta features and increasing the number of mixture components. In the case of SVM-based static modeling classifier, we achieve an unweighted average (UA) recall rate of 38.9%, over a baseline of 38.2%, by using the proposed super-vectors.


Objective  Children born large for gestational age (LGA) are prone to develop insulin resistance later in life. One factor that affects insulin sensitivity is the hormone adiponectin. The aim of this study was to determine whether being LGA has an impact on serum adiponectin and leptin levels and insulin resistance parameters during childhood, taking into account the severity of overweight.


In the discussion that follows, I explore the effects of modernity on Hispano (Vecino) children on the Ranchos de Taos Plaza in northern New Mexico (United States of America) from the late 1800s American invasion of the Southwest up to the present infiltration of the village by tourists and travellers. Data are derived from archaeological excavations and survey at two households in the St Francis of Assisi Parish that have been continuously occupied by one extended family, the Tafoyas, for more than a century. The temporal distributions of toys and other childcare products are charted and related to major social changes in the village over four successive phases; Village, Vintage, Retro, and Contemporary. The potential influence of globalization and modernity on children's lives and identities is revealed within the context of this largely indigenous and Spanish-speaking community.


Cystic lymphangiomas are rare tumours, usually met with on the neck, and, according to HYATT (quoted by MAC GUIEE), only 107 cases with this localization had been published up to 1932. Among these, cases of other cysts of the neck will probably have been included. Cases with mediastinal involvement seem to be very rare, according to the literature. Such cases have been reported by FIGI , GOETSCH, HANSEN, LEMON, LYLE, MARTIN & LELONG, MICHAELIS, PORTMANN, SCHMIDT and SINGLE TON. Two cases have been admitted for treatment at Radiumhemmet. Histologically cystic lymphangiomas are benign tumours. MOORE gives the following histological description: »The tumours consist of numerous small and large, thin-walled cysts, filled with a clear straw-coloured or colourless fluid. Some of the cysts may communicate with one another, but most of them are independent, closed cavities. Between the cysts there is a small amount of fibrous tissue, in which the normal structures of that region are compressed and atrophie. In the walls of the cyst and in the connective tissue there are small masses of lymphoid tissue. Microscopically the cysts are seen to be lined with a flattened endothelium, which rests upon a moderately collagenous connective tissue. About the edges of many cysts there are small, solid or hollow evaginations, which extend into the surrounding tissue. Mitotic figures are rare. Skeletal muscle fibres and other structures trapped between the cysts show advanced atrophy. Chemical examination of the fluid shows it to contain only a small amount of protein, but a large amount of cholesterol. Study of the sediment in the fluid shows desquamated endothelium and a few white and red blood cells.» According to SABIN (quoted by MOORE), the lymphatic vessels first


This film entitled The Art of Queue packs an attitude that is applied to community activities in the form of queuing, which is combined into a whole story in the form of a documentary. Queuing is a unique and interesting activity because there are various expressions from people at the time of the process. Queuing is also strongly influenced by the ever-evolving cultural traditions. And also can not be separated from the shadow of the rules that follow. Although very little sanction is given if it is violated there will be penalties in it, both punishments that arise from other people, and also punishments that arise from within themselves. Activities that are already common in the community environment in general are compiled based on montage, with compilation made randomly. Combining several footage elements with a blend of transitions in them, which makes visual appearance into a whole. There is a blend of graphics, sketches, videos and audio in this film which ultimately forms a dramatic structure. There is a background mind about understanding tolerance, and a system from a line. This queuing system influences the reality of people's lives in Indonesia, in this case Bandung, Jakarta and Yogyakarta are samples of queue activities that occur in their communities.


Civil opening sealing is an important work during the construction stage of nuclear power projects, which directly affects the follow-up nuclear cleaning and system transferred to commissioning. The sealing of biological shielding openings mainly exists in the walls and floors across the boundary of the nuclear island buildings, which is with great significance to ensure the integrity of the boundary function of the radiation zone. The configurations for openings in concrete shield walls shall provide adequate attenuation to reduce the exposure of the workers. Through the research of the biological sealing for civil opening and the investigation of good practice for foreign nuclear facilities, the purpose of this paper is to optimize the opening sealing scheme based on construction and operation experience, and give the guidance for the construction application and save the cost for the nuclear project.


The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the ethanol blending ratio on the flame structure (species concentrations, heat release rate, and flame temperature profile) and soot precursor (CH3, C2H2, aC3H5, and C3H3) formation of the n-heptane/ethanol premixed laminar flame at the equivalence ratio of 2 and pressure of 3.861 MPa. The results indicate the following: First, n-heptane consumes more rapidly than ethanol for its high dehydrogenation reaction rate under the research temperature range. n-Heptane decomposes completely (over 99% n-heptane is consumed) at about 0.723–0.839 mm above the burner surface, while that of ethanol (over 99% ethanol is consumed) ranges from 1.657 to 8.021 mm. Second, the ethanol addition facilitates the reaction sequences of CH2O → HCO → CO → CO2 by providing reactive radicals, such as O, OH, and H. Third, the thickness of the reaction zone increases by 2.34% when the ethanol blending ratio grows from 0 to 25% because the dehydrogenation reaction rates of ethan...


A quantitative investigation of the excited CO2 molecules diffusion display in industrial lasers was done. It is shown that in the diffusively cooled lasers diffusion results in an additional gain on the tube axis which depends on the gas mixture contents and pressure, beam sizes, and energy input. It was found that in the fast transverse flow lasers the influence of turbulent diffusion was significantly smaller than the convective bringing the excited particles in the laser beam region.


The lack of a chemical bond between conventional denture base materials and framework elements represents a significant problem in removable prosthodontics. Poor chemical bonding of a denture base resin to cast metal frameworks often introduces adhesive failure and increases microleakage. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the shear bond strength of a denture base acrylic resin to commercially pure titanium alloy (CP Ti) and a cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr) using a hybrid bonding system. Material And Methods. Square plates (of different designs) were cast from the 2 alloys. The plates were grit-blasted with 50 μm of alumina and treated with the RocatecTM bonding system. A denture base heat-cured acrylic resin was then applied to the plates. Specimens without bonding were also prepared as controls. Both alloys were configured as frameworks with different retentive designs: flat plate, lattice retention, mesh retention and bead retention. Shear bond strength values were determined at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results. For CP Ti plates, shear bond strength was the highest for acrylic resin adhered with RocatecTM to flat plates, followed by the bead, lattice and mesh designs. The shear bond strength for different retentive Co-Cr frameworks, with or without RocatecTM, was the highest for bead retention, followed by mesh, flat plate and lattice. There was a statistically significant difference (P<.05) in bond strength between the 2 alloys for both flat plate and lattice retentive frameworks bonded with RocatecTM to acrylic resin. Conclusion. The application of the RocatecTM bonding system significantly improved the shear bond strength of denture base resin using both cast (CP Ti) and Co-Cr alloys. [Fahad A. Al-Harbi and Mohamed Saber A Bond Strength of Poly (methyl methacrylate) Denture Base to castTitanium and cobalt-chromium Frameworks of Different Designs. Life Science Journal 2012; 9(1):610616]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90


The urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) has been implicated in signal transduction and biological processes including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and wound healing. It is a specific cell surface receptor for its ligand uPA, which catalyzes the formation of plasmin from plasminogen, thereby activating the proteolytic cascade that contributes to the breakdown of extracellular matrix, a key step in cancer metastasis. We have synthesized three different DNA enzymes (Dz372, Dz483 and Dz720) targeting uPAR mRNA at three separate purine (A or G)–pyrimidine (U or C) junctions. Two of these DNAzymes, Dz483 and Dz720, cleaved uPAR transcript in vitro with high efficacy and specificity at a molar ratio (uPAR to Dz) as low as 1 : 0.2. When analyzed over 2 h with a 200‐fold molar excess of DNAzymes to uPAR transcript, Dz720 and Dz483 were able to decrease uPAR transcript in vitro by ≈ 93% and ≈ 84%, respectively. They also showed an ability to cleave uPAR mRNA in the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos‐2 after transfection. The DNAzyme Dz720 decreased uPAR mRNA within 4 h of transfection, and inhibited uPAR protein concentrations by 55% in Saos‐2 cells. The decrease in uPAR mRNA and protein concentrations caused by Dz720 significantly suppressed Saos‐2 cell invasion as assessed by an in vitro Matrigel assay. The use of DNAzyme methodology adds a new potential clinical agent for decreasing uPAR mRNA expression and inhibiting cancer invasion and metastasis.


Percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip System (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgery for the treatment of selected patients with symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation (MR).1 The evidence basis supporting MitraClip therapy is currently limited to one relatively small randomized trial2 and several single-arm registries.3–6 On the other hand, potential benefits of the MitraClip procedure are the reduction of MR, improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, quality of life and echocardiographic parameters demonstrating left ventricular remodelling.3–7 These effects lead to a significant reduction in rehospitalization for heart failure (HF) and corresponding costs.8 Nevertheless, in-hospital readmission in patients treated with MitraClip is a critical issue after the procedure, with a significant impact by the clinical and economical point of view. Rehospitalization is not uncommon after MitraClip implantation, due to critically ill population with multiple cardiac and non-cardiac co-morbidities. In this issue of the Journal, Keßler et al.9 report a rate of rehospitalization for HF decompensation of 18% in the first year after MitraClip procedure and that rehospitalization correlates significantly with all-cause mortality (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–4.1; P= 0.004) and cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.7–6.1; P= 0.0003). Patients in the rehospitalization group had higher levels of troponin T and creatinine, higher EuroSCORE II and high previous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation rate. Pre-procedural echocardiography revealed a more severe reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the rehospitalization group, mainly in patients with functional MR. The most significant risk factors for rehospitalization during the first year after MitraClip implantation were found to be baseline troponin T,


In this discousion. the achievements attained in the iron-making industry in the past two years in Guang- dong Province are summarized, some thoughts about the future development of the iron-making industry in the Province presented, and measures of promoting progresses in science and technology proposed. so as to advance an overall technical progress in iron-making industry and an increase in the technical and economical indices of it, and thus to improve the benefits of ironmaking enterprises.


Quantitative analysis of the geographic distribution of vents and comparison with regional structural, petrologic, and vent age data provide insight into the processes governing the emplacement of vents in the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona. A total of 409 vents in the Springerville volcanic field (SVF) have a mean distance to nearest neighbor vents of 955 m, a much closer spacing than is common in some platform-type volcanic fields. Based upon a cluster analysis search radius parameter of 4500 m, these vents comprise seven geographic clusters, with only five outlying vents occurring in the entire field. Cinder cone clusters in the western portion of the field are significantly older than clusters in the eastern portion of the field (p value of <0.001), and there is a tendency for cluster age to decrease to the east. This is particularly evident when mean cluster ages are calculated for tholeiite, alkaline olivine basalt, and evolved alkaline rock types independently. Application of the two-point azimuth and Hough transform methods demonstrates that regional cinder cone alignments transect these clusters. The most prominent of these alignments trend ENE in the eastern portion of the field and WNW in the western portion of the field, creating an overall arcuate pattern that is subparallel to the trend of the Mogollon Rim and the Colorado Plateau/Transition Zone boundary. These observations suggest that vents (and clusters) migrated from west to east in response to plate motion, but the general pattern of vent migration was complicated by regional structures, which enhanced the volume and duration of magmatism in some areas. The fractures or faults implied by vent alignments indicate that Shmin is oriented radial to the Colorado Plateau in the SVF. Preferred vent alignment orientations may be related to extension resulting from plateau uplift, and to a much smaller degree from a minor Basin and Range imprint. While regional in extent, the implied structures appear to differ significantly from some of those in several other plateau-marginal fields in that they cannot be related to major reactivated Precambrian structures. Our vent alignment data differ from those seen by other workers in the Zuni-Bandera and Mount Taylor fields, suggesting the stress field for the SVF is different from other fields in the proposed Jemez lineament. The stress field implied by vent alignment data, combined with structural data, suggests that the southwestern tectonic boundary of the Colorado Plateau of Brumbaugh (1987) should be extended southeastward to include the SVF at the plateau's southern boundary.


We measured the temperature-dependent lattice constant of air hydrates in deep ice cores from Vostok, Antarctica, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thus the thermal expansion coefficient was determined, the first for a structure II clathrate hydrate containing small guest molecules. Despite their high dissociation pressures, measurements were done at atmospheric pressure because the air hydrates had stabilized during their original residence at high pressure. At 200 K, the lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient were 17.20 A and 44 (±9) × 10-6 K-1, respectively. This thermal expansion coefficient is approximately equal to that from tetrahydrofuran hydrate, another structure II hydrate, but the lattice constant is 0.3% smaller. Crystal structure refinement determined that the total cage occupancy by air molecules was 0.9.


NATECO2 installed the first industrial plant for CO2 extraction already over four decades ago. In the meantime a great variety of natural substances are refined using supercritical (sc) CO2 in tons scale as well as numerous R&D trials have been conducted. But next to the classical extraction process also new applications and trends for critical fluids appear on the market to gain high-valuable phytoextracts.


Applying the moment inequality ofα-mixing sequence and the asymptotic distribution for linear processes generated byα-mixing sequences,the author obtained some results on precise asymptotics in complete moment convergence for linear process generated byα-mixing sequences.


The need for high frequency charging technology for hybrid and electric cars as well as any kind of handheld devices is increasing steadily. Furthermore, frequencies of 500 kHz and above as well as new GaN converters allow a decrease in components size and footprint of the power devices. In this work a novel fabrication method for planar transformer with a height of less than 2.5 mm is presented. The transformers are produced inside a PEEK substrate by utilizing injection molding, laser structuring and electroless plating. The magnetic core consists of multiple laser-cut ferrite sheets. The transformers show results of up to 27 μH in a frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz, which corresponds to 4.5μ H/cm2, and a coupling factor of over 95%. In comparison to wire wound transformers, multiple complex process as the winding itself can be replaced by less complex process like laser structuring and electroless plating. These processes allow the production in batch, which can lower the cost in an industrial production below of wire wound transformers.


The article presents a new concept of combining the three dimensions (3D) of a person's manipulation space. The data concern information about the reach of the arms and biomechanical data about limiting the load of a disabled person sitting in a wheelchair. Measurement data were acquired empirically, on original measuring station. The data included, respectively, arms' reach (static and dynamic) or, alternatively, measurements of limiting forces. The obtained data were processed into virtual 3D surfaces of arms' reach and forces. These surfaces provide the required graphic model of anthropotechnical and biomechanical data. Developed model was utilized to perform a virtual analysis of the accessibility of a disabled person to technical means: in a market sale space and in the ergonomic analysis into the space of a personal car. The presented method of 3D graphic modeling of anthropometrical and biomechanical data can be universally applied in ergonomic designing of work stations not only for disabled persons. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Air pollution is a global environmental problem that affects the population. This work demonstrates the perception of air quality by the population of the urban area of the municipality of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. To meet the objective, a survey of 36 questions was applied to a sample of 382 people living in the main crossing points of vehicles, where there is more traffic and more severe pollutant concentration problems. We decided to apply the grouping method within a radius of 500 m around the selected intersections, where 95% of the respondents are aware that the air they breathe has a certain degree of contamination.


Our discussion centers on the downfall of Henry James's protagonist in his novel The Ambassadors . Lambert Strether, who not only fails to get hold of his promise to his well-off fiance, Mrs. Newsome, but also cannot accept the Parisian life-style and becomes emotionally and financially paralyzed at the end of the novel. One of the major critical discussion on The Ambassadors was the nature of its ending; although many believe that it is actually an open-ended novel, the others based their discussion on the embedded facts which are placed by the author in the narrative. Based on the close reading of the text, we posed the question on the homogeneity of Lambert Sterther with other characters and elements in the painting-like narrative of the novel. Also, the function of vision in correlation with the protagonist's consciousness is probed; moreover, knowledge and morality are discussed as the key factors that reign over the character's final decision.


Despite all the advances in the field of project management, a good number of projects are invariably delivered with compromised basic deliverables of time, budget (cost), and content (which includes quality). In some quarters it has been institutionally accepted that projects will always be late. For a field with a number of publications comparable to most established fields, the following extensively quoted statistics of IT project failure rate1 do not justify the cause—only quantitative quotes are referenced.†


Antibiotic resistance being called as the 'ticking time bomb' of the 21 st century, as the antibiotic channel is losing sheen and is on a standstill due to lack of initiatives for new antibiotic development, and other novel solutions are required for its revival. Penicillin, the oldest among the antibiotics, obtained from the Penicillium mold, was one of the first antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases by inhibiting the growth of gram positive bacteria. Later due to microbial resistance the prominence of this antibiotic lurched. It was due to the ability of some microbial strains to synthesize β-lactamases, which in turn inactivate penicillins by hydrolyzing the β-lactam ring and thereby promoting resistance to the antibiotic. Today several types of βlactamase enzymes are known to inactivate different classes of antibiotics causing a major crisis in the field of medicine, which requires effective β-lactamase inhibitors to decipher this problem. In this study, Penicillin antibiotic, β-lactamase enzyme and β-lactamase inhibitor activity was analyzed by Iodometry and Bioassay methods. Sulbactum was used as the standard β-lactamase enzyme inhibitor throughout the study. In the current study, the β-lactamase inhibitor activity of 68 extracts from Indian herbs and spices was surveyed. Most promising results of the β-lactamase inhibitor activity in vivo and in vitro were achieved from the herbal extracts of Baheda (Terminalia bellerica), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Garlic (Allium sativum), Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre), Satavar (Asparagus racemosus) and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels and seeds against Staphylococcus aureus as the test organism. As many microorganisms are becoming resistant to antibiotics, it is indeed necessary to find new β-lactamase inhibitors.


Wireless signal reflecting, scattering or refracting causes the generation of multipath effects. Multipath causes multiple copies of the same wireless signal, These copies to different path to reach the receiver. The signal generated by a copy of the same produce serious interference. MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology can make the interference caused by the multipath significantly reduced. In this paper, in the context of indoor and outdoor, through TP-LINK-WR845N (MIMO 2*2, which have 2 launching antennas and 2 receiving antennas) to verify the superior performance of this technology under indoor condition, at the same time we discover that the MIMO technology does not increase the coverage under outdoor condition, because there is only the power gain, no diversity gain.


The utility model discloses an LED spotlight with a parabolic arc deep structure. The LED spotlight with the parabolic arc deep structure comprises a spotlight body; the spotlight body comprises a radiator, an LED light source component and a surface rack component, the LED light source component is mounted on the radiator, and the surface rack component is mounted at the front end of the LED light source component; a connecting hole corresponding to the LED light source component is formed at the middle of the surface rack component; the part of the surface rack component at the four sides of the connecting hole is parabolic arc deep structure, the parabolic arc deep structure is coated with a diffuse reflection coat which is used for carrying out diffuse reflection dispersion treatment on the light emitted from the LED light source component. The LED spotlight with the parabolic arc deep structure enables the direct light to be reduced, enables the glare to be reduced effectively, and enables the eye discomfort due to the light to be reduced.


The results of studing the clay minerals in haplic aeolian sandy soils of Naiman Banner in Horqin Sandy Land show that illite is predominant, which followed by kaolinite,chlorite and illite montmorillonite interlayer mineral. These clay minerals mainly come from parent material,a few from pedogenic processes,and dust input is minute.With continuous development of these soils,clay minerals evolute according to the sequence of aluminosilicate minerials→chlorite→chlorite montmorillonite interlayer mineral→montmorillonite.There exists no montmorillonite in all samples because of lacking it in parent material,weak pedogenic processes which can not form it,and specific gravity difference from other clay minerals which causes different behaviors of transportation and deposition.


A basic on-line digitizing system is described. The design and writing of cephalometric programs and the limitations imposed by the amount of memory available are discussed together with the principal advantages and disadvantages of the system.


This paper focused on how to combine mobile IP (MIP) and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) to guarantee the QoS of real time multimedia services on mobile Internet. It proposed a strategy that modifies RSVP and MIP to harmonize them. It enhances a QUERY message and a QUERY REPLY message in MIP to avoid "triangle routing". Via modifiying RSVP, the reservation can go on wheels. In order to guarantee performance of handover, a reserved bit is used to trigger sending PATH messages when an mobile host (MH) handoff from one subnet to another. The results of protocol analysis prove the validity of this strategy.


A nationwide sample of undergraduate music education majors (N = 260; 69% completion rate) completed an electronic survey to determine awareness of music and general education policy and advocacy efforts. Students reported concern with the impact of policy on school music programs and their future careers. They were informed about music education policy issues at the state level but less so at national and local levels. Although respondents indicated involvement with professional associations, they rarely or never participated in policy initiatives. Methods courses provided policy information; professional organizations effectively convey policy information to undergraduates. NAfME Collegiate chapters offer music and general education policy-based activities, though many respondents were uninformed of their chapters' efforts. Students were unfamiliar with key buzzwords, people, and acronyms of present-day education policy. Involving students in educational policy endeavors will equip them with a knowledge base from which to speak and act, securing the future of music education.


BACKGROUND
This study addresses children of parents with intellectual disability in Norway. The aim was to examine: (i) the impact of definitions of intellectual disability on prevalence, (ii) whether numbers were increasing, (iii) the prevalence of motherhood and fatherhood and (iv) rates of lost custody.

METHODS
Analyses of national registers (n = 30 834) and mapping in four municipalities (n = 85).

RESULTS
0.19% of all children had parents with recorded intellectual disability, increasing to 0.87% with wider inclusion criteria. The number of children born to parents with intellectual disability has been declining since the mid-1980s. The proportion of mothers with intellectual disability was twice that of fathers. Parental custody was revoked for 30-50% of children, with single mothers being at particular risk. Parents with intellectual disability accounted for 20-25% of all custody cases.

CONCLUSIONS
The results show that prevalence depends on the definition of intellectual disability. The decreasing number of children and the need for development of specially adapted family supports are discussed.


The effects of dietary cadmium on copper and zinc metabolism in animals are described. Emphasis is given to situations involving chronic exposure to low levels of cadmium, to the identification of population groups most at risk, and to the protective effect of dietary supplementation with copper and zinc. The mechanism of the interaction between the metals and the involvement of metallothionein are discussed.


Aluminum nitride(AlN) has attracted much attention as advanced electronic packaging and ceramic substrates due to its remarkable properties, including high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high electrical resistivity and good mechanic property. In order to satisfy the demand in micro electronic fields for small and complex shape AlN parts, AlN ceramic was produced by powder injection molding(PIM) process, using AlN powder and 5% Y2O3 sintering aid agent as raw materials, selecting wax-based polymer (PW +PP+ SA) as binder, determing the powder loading of 62% (volume fraction), the injection temperature of 160~170 ℃ and the injection pressure of 90~100 MPa. The components of the binder in the injection compacts were removed using the solvent degreasing followed by thermal degreasing process. The degreased specimen was sintered at 1 850 ℃ in a flowing nitrogen gas. The thermal conductivity of the sintered sample reaches 232.4 W/(m·K), and the density is 3.29 g/cm3.


This research was performed to know the relation between Hsp 27 and Hsp 70 expressions with degree of differentiation and two years survival rate in endometrial cancer type I that has undergone surgery in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: using observational analysis with retrospective Cohort study design to the endometrial cancer type I patients that had undergone surgery in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. As many as 30 subjects were examined, with dependent variable: Hsp 27 and Hsp 70 expressions and Dependent Variable: the type of endometrial cancer differentiation and 2 years survival rate of the endometrial cancer type I patients. In this research, 30 patients with endometrial cancer type I that had undergone surgery were obtained, with well differentiation (grade I) for 20 samples (66.7%), moderate differentiation (grade II) for 3 samples (10%) and poor differentiation (grade III) accounts for 7 samples (23.3%). Positive results for Hsp 27 are 13 samples, while negative Hsp 27 results are 17 samples. From the analysis, correlation coefficient is -0.218 and p value 0.248 (p > 0.05). Samples with positive Hsp 70 results are 19 (63.3%) and negative Hsp 70 results are 11 samples (36.7%), with correlation coefficient -0.099 and p value 0.603 (p > 0.05). Overall survival rate for Hsp 27 is 22.5 months (log rank 0.066), survival rate 1 year for positive Hsp 27 are 100%, and negative Hsp 27 are 88.2%, while in Hsp 70, the overall survival rate is 22.5 months (log rank 0.076), survival rate 1 year for positive Hsp 70 are 100% and negative Hsp 70 are 81.8%. There are no significant relations between Hsp 27 expression with tumor cells differentiation (grade) and the 2 years survival rate of the endometrial cancer type I patients. And also there are no significant relations between Hsp 70 expressions with tumor cells differentiation (grade). 2 years survival rate of the endometrial cancer type I with positive or negative Hsp expressions are not significantly correlated. And there are no significant relations between 2 years survival rate of the endometrial cancer type I with the cells differentiation degree.


‡ A Reverse Vortex Combustor, in which aerodynamics dramatically differ from the conventional direct vortex combustor has been developed and preliminary testing has been done. A laser Doppler velocimetry system was used to measure the mean axial and swirl velocity components and their respective fluctuations in the "Tornado" combustor under cold, non-reacting, isothermal conditions. For modeling of the aerodynamical processes inside the combustor a generalized method was used based on numerical solution of the combined conservation and transport equations for turbulent system. Comparison between experimental data and computed predictions using different turbulence models has been completed.


The research aims to develop an Enterprise Architecture from FMIPA UNTAN, this is based on the many individual information systems that have been developed by FMIPA UNTAN which are not integrated in data and technology. This situation results in overlapping data that can affect the effectiveness of decision making within the organization. The designed Enterprise Architecture implements the concept of service-oriented architecture in order to support the integration between the business layer and the organization's technology layer. To support the research, several concepts are used, such as TOGAF as a framework for developing Enterprise Architecture, Service Oriented Architecture as a supporter for integration of architectural layers, and Archimate and Business Process Modeling Notation as a modeling language used to create architectural artifacts. The stages of the research included problem identification, the Enterprise Architecture development process followed the stages of TOGAF ADM namely the preliminary phase, architectural vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, and making an architecture implementation roadmap. The results of the development of Enterprise Architecture are architectural artifacts consisting of catalogs, matrices, and diagrams of business, information system, and technology architecture. Based on the design results, it is found that the Enterprise Service Bus concept in Service Oriented Architecture can be used to support application and data integration in organization, as well as the concept of service access can bridge the gap between the business layer and the technology layer.


There is a consensus among researchers that information systems brought and continue to bring a fourth revolution in organisations around the world. These systems made an immense contribution by incorporating various functions into one system, thus enhancing the capabilities of organisations with minimum work effort. Correctional facilities have also made the break to add information systems in prisons for better decision-making. This study utilised literature review to critically examine the use of information systems within the correctional facilities in African countries with a view to determine how the resultant records from the system are managed. Findings reveals that information systems used in prisons have simplified the flow of information and the records management functions in correctional facilities in some African countries. However, the majority of correctional facilities in countries such as South Africa are still using the traditional method of records management mostly because of financial constraints and lack of support from the government. The study recommends that correctional facilities should consider exploring the possibility of benchmarking and collaborating with other key sectors for effective implementation of information systems and management of resultant records.


By Taylor Behm, Environmental Studies
 Advisor: Amy Townsend-Small
 Presentation ID: PM_ATRIUM11
 Abstract: This project is based off the Cincinnati Green Plan. The Cincinnati Green Plan is a set of goals that have been made for the city of Cincinnati to meet in a certain time frame and to have the residents live more sustainable. It is divided by categories and the category i'm doing research over is waste. I will be looking at 20 different people and their efforts to reduce their non-organic waste. I will also record the success rates of each individual.


Both nicotinic acid and meso-inositol hexanicotinate significantly decrease oxygen uptake of isolated guinea-pig cerebral cortex. This inhibition is tentatively correlated to the already described protective effect against hypoxia produced by these compounds in vivo.


pharmacy benefits (2). The template argues that for drugs that have comparable profiles of risk and benefit, it is ethically justifiable to favor the least costly alternative as long as individual patients are protected by a fair and efficient process for dealing with exceptions. This column, the second in a series describing strategies for managing psychiatric drug use that promote access, high-quality care, and acceptable costs (3), draws lessons about enhancing value from Kaiser Permanente's approach to managing the use of SSRIs. Kaiser's experience suggests that the decision process recommended in our ethical template is not ethical pie in the sky but can be applied effectively in realworld settings. Kaiser Permanente is a groupmodel health maintenance organization serving more than 8 million members nationally. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc., the insurance and facility management arm of the organization, contracts exclusively with regional Permanente medical groups, the physician-governed group practices that provide services to Kaiser members. The majority of members—a total of 6 million—are in California.


Tissue macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), including parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal meningeal, perivascular and choroid-plexus macrophages, are important for the development and homeostasis of the healthy CNS. Also, there is a growing body of evidence that microglia plays a key role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of our study was to understand the spatial arrangement of these cells in the CNS and its change after peripheral inflammation, by using a genetic tool that can label Iba1-positive CNS macrophages (Nakayama et al., Nat Commun, 2018). Tissue clearing and 3D-imaging technique (CUBIC) clarified an activation of microglia in the spinal cord and brain region after peripheral inflammation.


Abstract The near-infrared absorption spectra of open-chain secondary amides and smallring lactams have revealed the sensitivity of certain NH combination bands to conformation of the amide grouping1,3 more specifically to the cis and trans conformations of the secondary amide grouping2. Some near-infrared characteristics of the peptide groups have been reported a long time ago4,5 but despite their biological interest, no data are available for N-tertiobutoxycarbonyl amino acids. In this work, the near infiared spectra of the following molecules have been investigated in the solid state and in carbon tetrachloride solution.


The T cell response to a mixture of eight peptides derived from sequences of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16‐, 19‐ and 38‐kD antigens (MTBmix‐8) has been studied. The peptides were selected on the basis of complementary binding to nine HLA‐DR molecules (HLA‐DR1 to DR9). MTBmix‐8 at 6.25 and 50 μg/ml gave rise to significant stimulation (P < 0.05) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy tuberculin‐positive and both untreated and treated diseased subjects, but not in any of a control group of healthy tuberculin‐negative subjects. MTB‐mix‐8 stimulated proliferation of PBMC from healthy tuberculin‐positive individuals at lower concentrations than the individual component peptides. However, the maximal stimulation achieved was only slightly higher than that achieved with individual peptides. MTBmix‐8 also stimulated the production of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in vitro. Using the mean ± 2 s.d. of the values for IFN‐γ production in the tuberculin‐negative population as a cut‐off, MTBmix‐8 at 6.25 μg/ml was able to detect infection with a sensitivity of 100% in untreated patients, 87% in treated patients, and 82% in tuberculin‐positive controls. The corresponding figures for the most potent single peptide (16p91–110) were: 66% in untreated patients, 71% in treated patients and only 42% in controls. Thus, using the IFN‐γ‐based assay, which has the additional advantages of speed and does not require radioactivity, the mixture of peptides is more sensitive than single peptides in diagnosing infection.


With the decline of house sparrow populations during the f i r s t quarter of this century, control research attention shifted to other avian species so l i t t l e new is available on either l i f e history studies or management. Solutions to animal damage control problems are generally through (1) environmental controls, (2) protection of crops and/or s i tes, and (3) population reduction. In the case of sparrow problems, environmental controls are of l imited application as the birds prefer the habitat modifications made by man. Protection of crops or sites rel ies on repellents which are generally ineffective against this particular species. The only viable population level controls are trapping or poisoning. A comparison of di f ferent trap types and bait materials is presented.


A 52-year-old woman presented with acute isolated right oculomotor palsy. Contrast enhanced MR showed abnormal enhancement of the right oculomotor nerve (figure), and a heterogenous and nodular appearance of the parotids with prominent fatty infiltration. On questioning, the patient reported recent feelings of dry mouth and eyes. Subsequent investigations revealed a raised erythrocyte …


The formulation of a suitable nonlocal model potential for electron exchange is presented, checked with electron-hydrogen and electron-helium scattering, and applied to the study of elastic and inelastic scattering and ionization of orthopositronium (Ps) by helium. The elastic scattering and the $n=2$ excitations of Ps are investigated using a three-Ps-state close-coupling approximation. The higher $(ng~3)$ excitations and ionization of Ps atoms are treated in the framework of the Born approximation with present exchange. Calculations are reported of phase shifts and elastic, Ps excitation, and total cross sections. The present target elastic total cross section agrees well with experimental results at thermal to medium energies.


The formation of a family limited partnership has become a popular method to reduce transfer tax liability. The goal of such an arrangement is to cause investment assets and other property contributed to a partnership by a senior family member to be valued at a discount for gift and estate tax purposes by virtue of the existence of the partnership structure. This memorandum briefly explains the steps necessary to form a family limited partnership, the effect of the partnership structure on the valuation of property contributed to the partnership, and certain drawbacks accompanying the use of a family limited partnership. An example of the potential estate tax benefits resulting from the use of a family limited partnership is also presented.


Today, due to the formation of a new order of international relations, the directions of development and the demand for consulting services in the Russian economy are very relevant. The nature of the economic environment and the very principles of its development determined a sharp change in the geopolitical situation. The model of integration into the global market that has developed over the past three decades will never be the same. The article analyzes the indicators of industrial production of the Russian Federation for the current 2022. The contribution of economic sectors to the growth of the index of industrial production of the mining and manufacturing industries of Russia was determined. The structural restructuring of the consulting sphere is characterized, innovations from the influence of social, political and economic changes are described and modern trends are determined. A structural analysis of the market for consulting services offers was carried out in the context of ongoing changes. Priorities for the development of Russia's consulting business for the near future have been identified.


Introduced rich connotation Chinese bamboo culture;Shaoyang is one of Chinese bamboo culture places of origin,the bamboo culture is well-established.This article takes Shaoyang as an example,elaborating the rich connotation of bamboo culture and the dialectical relations between bamboo culture and the tourism,proposing several ponders on how to develop the Shaoyang bamboo culture.


Background The broader application of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in cancer immunotherapies (particularly for solid tumors) has always been limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the insufficient targetability of effector T cells, resulting in unsatisfied therapeutic outcome. Here, we designed a new strategy by using aptamer-based immunoliposomes to modify PD-1-silencing T cells, which were activated by dendritic cell (DC)/tumor fusion cells (FCs) to improve the antitumor potency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs/CD8+ T cells). Methods PD-1 gene was knocked out from CD8+ T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system to liberate T cell activity from immunosuppression. The PD-1− T cells were stimulated with DC/tumor FCs, followed by further functional modification of tumor-specific nanoliposomes (hEnd-Apt/CD3-Lipo) to generate FC/PD-1− CTLs. The activation and proliferation and specificity of the modified FC/PD-1− CTLs were measured. The antitumor activity of these CTLs against HepG2-tumors was evaluated in xenograft NOD/SCID mice, and the antitumor mechanism was investigated based on tissue immunohistochemistry and serum ELISA. Results Our results indicated that the modification of hEnd-Apt/CD3-Lipo nanocomposites on the FC/PD-1− CTLs had a more substantial synergetic effect in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging animal survival, rather than other control liposomes. Furthermore, the hEnd-Apt/CD3-Lipo-modified FC/PD-1− CTLs showed a stronger antitumor outcome in the tumor-bearing mouse model, through the mechanisms of suppressing tumor cell proliferation, promoting tumor apoptosis, reducing angiogenesis but increasing the infiltration of the FC/PD-1− CTLs in the tumor tissue, as well as upregulating the systemic levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, by comparison of the control settings. Conclusion In sum, our investigation suggests an enhancement of antitumor effect by the surface modification of endoglin-targeting nanoliposomes upon DC/tumor FC-activated PD-1− CTLs, therefore, provides a new tumoral endoglin-targeted approach as a promising strategy to reduce immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment and improve the immunotherapeutic outcome of anticancer ACT.


Many studies have been conducted to improve the efficiency of Transformer from quadric to linear. Among them, the low-rank-based methods aim to learn the projection matrices to compress the sequence length. However, the projection matrices are fixed once they have been learned, which compress sequence length with dedicated coefficients for tokens in the same position. Adopting such input-invariant projections ignores the fact that the most informative part of a sequence varies from sequence to sequence, thus failing to preserve the most useful information that lies in varied positions. In addition, previous efficient Transformers only focus on the influence of sequence length while neglecting the effect of hidden state dimension. To address the aforementioned problems, we present an efficient yet effective attention mechanism, namely the Dynamic Bilinear Low-Rank Attention (DBA), which compresses the sequence length by input-sensitive dynamic projection matrices and achieves linear time and space complexity by jointly optimizing the sequence length and hidden state dimension while maintaining state-of-the-art performance. Specifically, we first theoretically demonstrate that the sequence length can be compressed non-destructively from a novel perspective of information theory, with compression matrices dynamically determined by the input sequence. Furthermore, we show that the hidden state dimension can be approximated by extending the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma, optimizing the attention in bilinear form. Theoretical analysis shows that DBA is proficient in capturing high-order relations in cross-attention problems. Experiments over tasks with diverse sequence length conditions show that DBA achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with various strong baselines while maintaining less memory consumption with higher speed.


List of Figures List of Tables Introduction Parliamentary Government: The Rise of a Concept Parliamentarisation of Representative Governments Organisational Basis of 'Parliamentary Sovereignty' Functions of Parliaments The Role of the Head of State in Relation to Parliament and Government The Government and Parliamentary Majority Conclusion Selection of New Comparative Literature Bibliography Index


AbstractGeographic Information Systems in their present form owe much to a legacy from cartography. Cartography has provided both a pioneering application for the domain, as well as the established archive of paper maps which have been turned into data on the digitising table. The conceptual basis of the map, specifically the Boolean map, has also become fundamental to GIS. To better sever the many users, however, I argue here that GIS must move away from this model for data creation, storage and presentation, and as a result the relation between GIS and cartography must change. Although cartography has undoubtedly provided an impetus to GIS initiatives, GIS must change to support real geographical information as it is recorded by domain scientists, and software tools need to be developed to transform that data into intelligible views and exploratory tools. This can be done with current GIS, but it must be made much easier. With this change the need for cartographic design skills among GIS users will incr...


Fontanesi's artistic vision, based on lyricism and sentimentality, played a crucial role in reconstructing Italian cultural unity after 1861. The originality and coherence of his European landscape portraiture are unveiled in this volume.


Lignin quantity and quality (S and G monomers) are two major components of wood quality. Optimizing these traits for charcoal and pulp production in Eucalyptus can have enormous economical impact. In this context, our objective is to establish an efficient early selection procedure of superior trees for these two highly heritable traits using gene based markers. To this end, we first described the landscape of nucleotide diversity of structural and regulatory genes of the lignification pathway including CCR, CAD2, COMT2, C4H, F5H, 4CL, Myb2, and RAC1, in a sample of unrelated Eucalyptus urophylla and camaldulensis genotypes. Emphasis was given to the CCR gene for which 7 overlapping amplicons were cloned and sequenced to obtain the full length CDS. Results showed an important level of variability and a rapid decrease of linkage disequilibrium in both species. Second, association mapping was carried out in a factorial design comprising 300 progenies of E. urophylla. A significant association (controlled for multiple testing) between one SNP in the CCR gene and S/G ratio was obtained using a mixed-model. (Texte integral)


Since economy is facing a new era, slightly and increasingly shifting form the industrial period to the service one, also the scientific world is changing to face the new information and managerial requirements. Human resources (HR) and intangible factors represent ones of the most important factors, but it is quite difficult to evaluate if the company is em-ploying them in the best way to guarantee the company to generate value in the short, but also in the middle and long terms. It traditional industrial companies are more focused on the measurable productivity and effectiveness of the work of the HR, traditional tools and framework could face some difficulties in the application in this changed context. This paper after summarizing the recent traditional theoretical frameworks, their evolution and the connected changes in the management accounting and management control systems, analyzes a case study of a successful Italian Small and Mid-dle Entity (SME) operating in the Information Technology sector (IT) recently introducing formal instruments for helping the company in guaranteeing both short term economic results and long term performance and innovation by the means of effective and useful R&D investments. The paper finds that even 'old traditional tools' of management accounting and managerial accounting can be extremely useful, if adapted, to optimize and rationalize the use of human resources. They can in fact provide useful information for the distribution of the working load, for the process analysis and to define the productivity of the worked hour. Management accounting can supply information useful to address the activity of the Sales area, helping it in its pricing activity, but also in identifying which human resources are underemployed and, as a consequence, available for working in new tasks. It also supplies some useful insights to better manage and quantify resources and costs connected to R&D projects.


War and armed conflict — Non-international armed conflict — Terrorism — Combatant status — Targets — Air strike from unmanned drone — Conflicts in Afghanistan and Pakistan border region — Whether separate conflicts — Status of conflict — "War on terror" — Whether Central Intelligence Agency officers controlling drone combatants — Whether persons attacked by drone combatants or civilians — Necessity and proportionality Jurisdiction — Universal jurisdiction — Passive personality principle — German national killed by United States drone strike in Pakistan — Whether killing within jurisdiction of German authorities — The law of Germany


Article History: Received 5, April, 2015 Received in revised form 12, April, 2015 Accepted 6, May, 2015 Published online 28, May, 2015 A vertical study was conducted on 41 subjects, who were otherwise healthy except that their BMI was greater than 30.0. All the subjects were regular gym visitors, exercising for one hour a day, for average five days a week. 3 records of their body parameters were taken to calculate their BMI. First set of record was taken before the beginning of gym exercise, second after 3 months of exercise and third 3 months after the cessation of exercise. Results shown that exercise reduces the body weight and consequently obesity, but both of these are not maintained without exercise.


Aims. In this work the luminosity function of QSOs is measured in the redshift range $3.5 Methods. We have defined suitable criteria to select faint QSOs in the GOODS fields, checking their effectiveness and completeness in detail. A spectroscopic follow-up of the resulting QSO candidates was carried out. The confirmed sample of faint QSOs is compared with a brighter one derived from the SDSS. We used a Monte-Carlo technique to estimate the properties of the luminosity function, checking various parameterizations for its shape and evolution. Results. Models based on pure density evolution show better agreement with observation than do models based on pure luminosity evolution. However, a different break magnitude with respect to $z\sim 2.1$ is required at $3.5 3.5$. Conclusions. The estimated space density evolution of QSOs indicates a suppression of the formation and/or feeding of supermassive black holes at these redshifts. The QSO contribution to the UV background is insufficient for ionizing the IGM at $3.5


Event-triggered control is a recent approach in control theory which aims
at reducing the communication load in networked control systems by adapting the
communication among the components to the c ...


This paper proposes a mini-max type formulation for strict robust design optimization under correlative variation based on design variation hyper sphere and quadratic polynomial approximation. While various types of formulations and techniques have been developed for computational robust design, they confront the compromise among modeling of parameter variation, feasibility assessment, definition of optimality such as sensitivity, and computational cost. The formulation of this paper aims that all points within the distribution region are thoroughly optimized. For this purpose, the design space with correlative variation is diagonalized and isoparameterized into a hyper sphere, and the functions of nominal constraints and the nominal objective are modeled as quadratic polynomials. These transformation and approximation enable the analytical discrimination of inner or boundary type on the worst design and its quantified values with less computation cost under a certain condition, and bring the procedural definition of the strictly robust optimality of a design as a maximization problem. The minimization of this formulation, that is, mini-max type optimization, can find the robust design under the above meaning. Its validity is ascertained through numerical examples.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


As there are many deaf-mute groups in today's society, it is particularly important to solve the problem of communication barriers. In view of the limitations of wearing equipment and the low recognition rate of non-equipment at the present stage, using the network to extract hand information and using different features and classification methods to recognize dynamic hand information has become the mainstream. In this paper, Optical flow method is used to detect and process moving target objects on video. The method of combining Convolution Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory (CNN + LSTM ) was improved and compared with Convolution Neural Network and Support Vector Machine (CNN + SVM ). Experiments show that the optical flow method is used to process video motion information, which not only contains the description of the motion information of moving objects, but also the information of the three-dimensional structure of the scene. After the processed video stream is trained by CNN + SVM , CNN +LSTM and the improved CNN + LSTM , CNN + SVM has a lower recognition rate than CNN + LSTM, The improved network uses PReLU as activation function to improve the gate structure of LSTM, and The recognition accuracy increased from 61.3% to 92.4%.


Purpose To study on multi-slice CT perfusion(MSCTP) of hemodynamic change of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT).Methods MSCT perfusion imaging was performed with a spiral CT scanner(GE Lightspeed 16 Slice) in total 84 patients and analyzed with perfusion 3 software package.Liver perfusion maps werc calculated by means of the tracer kinetic model.The weighted sum-mation of the aortic and portal venous curve were de-convolved against the liver parenchymal curve to derive functional parameters such as total hepatic blood flow(HBF),hepatic blood volume(HBV),mean transit time(MTT),permeability of capillary vessel surface(PS) and hepatic arterial fraction(HAF) were calculated,and the change of the hemodynamic was estimated.Results Compared with the positive control group B,the HBF and HAF of the tumor in test group A increased significantly,and so the HBV and HAF of the PVTT in test group A(P0.05).However,the MTT of the tumor in test group A was shorter than that of the positive control group B significantly(P 0.05).Compared with the negative control group C,the HBF,HBV and HAF of the hyperperfusion abnormality in test group A increased significantly.Conclusion MSCTP parameters may reflect the features of blood perfusion,and to evaluate the hemodynamic change of HCC with PVTT.


Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE),' is an autoimmune paralytic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) induced by the injection, in CFA, of heterologous myelin basic protein (MBP) or whole brain homogenate. It is one of the principal animal models for human CNS inflammatory and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ; both diseases are characterized by considerable infiltration of leukocytes into the CNS, whose phenotypes have been extensively documented in the rat (1), mouse (2), guinea pig (3), and in brain tissue from MS patients (4). While there is now little doubt that EAE after MBP injection has a cellular pathogenesis and that its induction is dependent on the presence of functioning T cells of the helper/inducer (CD4+) lineage (5-8), it is not yet known how these cells induce disease. Moreover, the use of defined CD4' encephalitogenic T cell lines and clones in both mice (7) and rats (8), while greatly increasing our understanding of some aspects of this disease, in particular the means by which self antigen may be presented to such autoreactive cells, has not significantly furthered our understanding of the actual mechanisms of damage in the CNS. The accumulation of a considerable cellular infiltrate in the CNS of animals with EAE, whether induced with T cell lines (7, 8) or via conventional means after injection of MBP and adjuvant or transfer of cells from actively immunized animals (9, 10), has been taken as evidence that EAE may be the clinical manifestation of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the CNS. All that can be said with confidence, however, is that appropriate MBP-specific CD4+ cells, when injected into recipient rats or mice, are sufficient to induce both clinical signs and classic histological evidence of EAE (i .e ., perivascular leukocyte infiltration reminiscent of a DTH reaction), but exactly which of the infiltrating J. Sedgwick is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . S. Brostoff is supported in part by National Institute ofHealth research grant NS-11867 . 'Abbreviations used in this paper: CNS, central nervous system ; DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity ; EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis ; L-CA, leukocyte-common antigen ; MBP, myelin basic protein ; MS, multiple sclerosis .


Retinoic acid (RA) has various biological effects in mammalian cells and tissues. In epidermal cells, RA is an inhibitor of differentiation to the squamous phenotype. The molecular mechanisms underlying the primary effects of RA are mediated by RA nuclear receptors as well as by retinoylation (acylation by RA), a protein post‐translational modification. To understand those components arising from the actions of RA via RA nuclear receptors versus retinoylation on epidermal cells, we examined the effects of topical RA treatment on the skin of hairless mice. RA binding proteins were determined by immunoblotting using anti‐RA antibodies and identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. RA increased epidermal thickness and decreased matrix metalloprotease and hyaluronidase activities in mouse skin tissues. We identified eight RA‐binding proteins that were increased by topical RA treatment. Three of these proteins were identified as cytokeratin 10, cytokeratin 16 and serum albumin. These results raise the possibility that RA binding to cytokeratins in vivo may be involved in effects of RA on keratinocytes of mouse skins. This investigation was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan and the Open Research Center Project.


The cleavage of the haem-proximal histidine bond and concomitant release of haem–NO from MbNO has been achieved at physiological pH by aqueous micelles such as hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the released haem–NO complex is encapsulated in the hydrophobic micellar cavity; this micellar effect has close similarity with the action of guanyl cyclase on nitrosyl haem proteins.