Diel-cycling hypoxia and co-varying pH fluctuations can reduce the quality of shallow estuarine nursery habitat for juvenile fishes. Avoidance or compensatory behaviors allow fish to mitigate stress associated with low dissolved oxygen (DO). Aquatic surface respiration (ASR), or irrigating gills with the thin, air-saturated, surface layer, is widespread among teleosts and provides an advantage to fish routinely exposed to hypoxia. ASR begins when oxygen becomes physiologically limiting, and serves as an indicator for hypoxia tolerance in a species. 24-hour video observations were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions using computer-monitored recirculating aquarium systems. Behavioral responses of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis), Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia), striped killifish (Fundulus majalis), and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) were observed during exposure to different severities and combinations of diel-cycling DO (3-9 mg O2 l or 1-11 mg O2 l) and corresponding pH (7.2-7.8 or 6.8-8.1), compared with responses at static normoxia (7.5 mg O2 l) and pH (7.5). Trials ran from 11:00 – 11:00 each day; DO decreased overnight (6 hours) to the lowest DO level in both diel-cycles, with the hypoxic period lasting through the morning (4.5 hours) before trials ended and oxygen increased again. The incidence of ASR, activity level, and position of each individual was recorded at pre-determined time intervals. A second set of observations was conducted under conditions where lowest DO levels (1.0 1.5 mg O2 l) were prolonged throughout the day; DO was decreased


ABSTRACT Biotic crusts occurring in the Early Pleistocene Rumena Cave, in NW Sicily, have been analyzed from a geomicrobiological point of view. The crusts consist largely of scleractinians and of subordinate bryozoans and serpuloideans, all typical of submarine cave biota. Encrustations document a blind cave in a shadowed setting, or possibly below the fair weather swell zone. Autochthonous and, subordinately, detrital fractions were observed within the skeletal framework of biotic crusts. The syndepositional lithified fraction occurs mainly as very fine-grained laminations. Clotted peloidal and aphanitic (structureless) textures occur in the micrites as well. Autochthonous micrite is always associated with a significant amount of organic matter remains. In caves from the Plemmirio area in SE Sicily, the autochthonous microbial micrite, occurring in the bioconstructions, contains bacterial lipid biomarkers, including abundant compounds derived from sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is likely that a similar microbial mediation was involved in the formation of the autochthonous micrite present in the biotic crusts of the Rumena Cave.


The utility model discloses a filter that oil -field flooding was used, including casing, main shaft, elevator motor, agitator, one side of the top of casing is equipped with the filtrating import, and the opposite side of casing top is equipped with cleaning water outlet, and middle part one side of casing is equipped with that it packs to filter imports and exports, and the opposite side at middle part is equipped with an observation hole, still be equipped with a power device in the middle of the upper portion of casing, the inner wall of casing is equipped with the one deck wearing layer, an elevator motor is connected to power device's upper end, a lower extreme connection main shaft, be equipped with a baffle on the main shaft. The utility model discloses mainly solve current pressure disk structural design unreasonable problem, reduced the impact of filtrating to the pressure disk, improved the life of pressure disk.


The objective of this work was to bring the students closer to a real and three-dimensional structure of the matter, relating this characteristic with the physical and chemical properties of stereoisomeric molecules with chiral centers and checking the didactic transposition through molecular models made in origami. For the methodological development of the research, 101 Colombian students from the Pedagogical and Technological University from Colombia and the University from Boyaca participated, from the academic programs in Chemistry, Biology, Bachelor of Natural Sciences and Environmental Education and Physiotherapy. The results obtained show that the implementation of molecular models in origami strengthens visuospatial skills; in addition, the conceptual appropriation of stereoisomers and molecular representations.


The incidence of tubal pregnancy increased 400% from 1970 to 1989, and ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal mortality in the U.S.


A least-squares computer method has been developed to obtain two pKa values from spectrophotometric data in instances when the values are so close together that the calculations usually applied for individual pKa values are not appropriate. A scaling procedure improves the condition of the matrix that is constructed in solving the sets of simultaneous equations. Two examples of applications of the method are given.


Described as the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopea sp.,' Symbiodinium microadriaticum (Dinophyceae) became widely regarded as representing a single, pandemic species of gymnodinioid zooxanthellae harbored by a variety of marine protozoans and invertebrates.' Although differences were found as to morphological, behavioral, physiological, and biochemical characters of the symbionts present in different hosts,' the question of speciation remained unresolved for lack of genetic evidence. Quantitative studies based on three-dimensional reconstructions and morphometric analyses of serially sectioned zooxanthellae isolated from different hosts now uncovered fundamental differences established in the DNA-bearing organelles of these algae. The dinoflagellates harbored by Cassiopea frondosa and C. xamachana are identical while those of the Hawaiian stony coral Montipra verrucosa, the Caribbean sea anemone Hereractis lucida, the Californian sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, the Caribbean zoanthid Zoanthus sociatus, and the Australian zoanthid Zoanthus sp. are not. The entirely discordant karyotypes are marked by differences in chromosome numbers, forms, and sizes (FIGURE 1). The chromosome numbers of the symbionts harbored by these hosts are 97 f 2 (n = 6), 26 f 0 (n = 3), 74 * 2 (n = 3), 50 f 1 (n = 4). 78 f 2 (n = 6), and 65 ? 2 (n = 2), respectively. Different chromosomal and nuclear volumes are well documented in both G, and G, phases of the cell cycle?' The chromosome content calculated in percent of nuclear volume is 14.4 ? 2.3 (n = 6), 43.6 2 3.7 (n = 6). 29.4 pm 1.6 (n = 3), 28.1 f 3.5 (n = 4), 16.4 f 1.5 (n = 8), and 18.6 f 0.3 (n = 2), in order of the hosts listed above. Differences in the chromosome distribution within the nuclei of differing symbionts are even evident in single sections.6 Mitochondrial numbers seem to vary in the course of the dinoflagellate cell cycle: while the volumes differ from host to host. The mitochondrial content in the zooxanthellae arranged by hosts as above is 1.5 ? 0.2 (n = 3), 5.1 f 1.0 (n = 3), 2.8 2 0.5 (n = 3), 4.7 f 0.9 (n = 2), 1.3 f 0.1 (n = 3), and 2.5 (n = I) , calculated in percent of cell volume.


The purpose of this study analyze the impact of Covid-19 on input factors and output factors on the pattern of utilization of capture fisheries. This research was conducted in 2020 in Cirebon Regency. The methodology used quantitative descriptive. The results of the analysis indicate, first, the impact of COVID-19 on input parameters has not changed, such as fishing fleets, trips, fishing ground, crew members, and operational costs. Some changes only occur in certain commodities. For example, in crab fishermen, they adjust their fishing gear on commodities sold for the domestic market. Previously, they used traps to catch crabs. Since the Covid 19 pandemic, they have used rampus to catch small pelagic fish. Second, in TCT commodities, the variables that change are mainly the output parameters, namely production volume, price, and revenue. The impact of covid 19 was felt during March-May 2020, which was when the PSPB was implemented. There was a decrease in production in 2020 compared to the previous year. It is hoped that the government will increase its cold storage capacity, so that if there is a lockdown in the export destination country, the output from fishermen can be temporarily accommodated in cold storage.


Objective: To investigate the attachment and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA) scaffold.Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells were isolated,cultured and identified.The cells were inoculated in sterile PLGA scaffold.Meanwhile,the growth condition of human dental pulp stem cells was observed by scanning electron microscope.Cells count was performed to evaluate the cells proliferation.Results: There were significantly cells attachment and cell number in PLGA after 2,5,10 days inoculation(P0.05).PLGA showed rich extracellular matrix secretion after 5 and 10 days.Conclusion: The research shows that PLGA may be suitable for tissue engineering.


The misalignment in the orbital angular momentum- (OAM-) based system would distort the radiation patterns of twisted beams carrying OAM, consequently making the OAM-based communication infeasible. To tackle the misalignment problem, a radio OAM steering technique based on a uniform circular array (UCA) is illustrated. Subsequently, simulations are conducted to explore the influence of the OAM steering on the OAM mode quality and transmission performance. Furthermore, UCAs working at Ka-band with formulated feeding networks are designed and fabricated to analyze the performance of the OAM steering. The influences of OAM steering on mode quality and orthogonality are then evaluated in the experiment. Overall, the analyses of OAM steering technique are beneficial for the development of radio OAM study.


Nowadays, wind energy is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly energies in high demand due to shortages in fossil fuels and the necessity to reduce global carbon footprint. One of the main goals of wind turbine development is to increase the power output of the turbine either by increasing the turbine blade swept area or increasing the velocity of the wind. In this article, a proprietary augmentation system was introduced to increase the power output of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) by increasing the free stream velocity to more than two folds. The system comprises two identical airfoiled casings within which the turbine/turbines are seated. The results showed that the velocity slightly increases when decreasing the gap between the casing. It was also found that changing the angle of attack of the housing has more impact on the augmented airspeed. CFD technique was used to assess the velocity and flow of air around the system.


Objective\ To evaluate the effect of percutaneous microwave coagulation on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods\ 120 cases with HCC were treated by using single or double implanted microwave electrodes to reach the aim of eliminating the tumor in situ at one stroke. Results\ During the follow up period of 3 ̄60 months, the intratumoral blood flow disappeared in 90.4%, the lesions became smaller in 61.1% and 91.5% of tumors showed no enhancement on contrast enhanced CT or MRI. In 87 patients with an elevated AFP level, the level decreases in 86 and was nomalized in 75(86.2%). A post treated biopsy on 64 patients showed complete destruction of tumor in 90.6%. The immune function on local and whole body were stimulated and activated post treatment. The total survival rate was 78.3%. Conclusions\ Sonographically guided percutaneous microwave coagulation in situ at one stroke is a way of simple, taking short time and safe for HCC treatment and the thermal field can be controlled accurately, the effect was satisfactory. The effect of enhancement immune function could be one of important fact for improving the long period clinical effect.


The study aims to develop standardized BIM methods for buildings that are part of the Moscow city renovation program. This problem is extremely urgent, since there are no digitized sources of typical projects of the last century, and this complicates the process of calculating the generation of construction and demolition waste and casts doubt on its accuracy. At the stage of high quality and timely dismantling phase (calculation of the weight of construction and demolition waste, scheduling of work and transportation of waste), this process can be automated using information modeling software – Autodesk Revit 2019.
This will complement the existing information model by including in it one of the final stages of the building's life cycle – dismantling, which in transparency, accessibility and completeness will not be inferior to the blocks of design, examination, construction and operation. On the basis of albums of typical building projects, you can get a lot of information to create the necessary project families and specifications, which will greatly simplify and speed up the process of developing building demolition projects in the future, since with each new project libraries of elements, materials, families will be supplemented.
The article presents the process of developing a project template for the phase of the dismantling of buildings. A new project parameter has been created, assigned to each material of the project template, the necessary parametric and design characteristics have been assigned for further calculations based on the simulated building design, a design specification has been developed, on the basis of which data on the weight of construction and demolition waste can be quickly obtained, relevant checks carried out for different types of developed and basic project families.


In this paper the software and hardware design and principle of temperature control system of the beer ferment based on AT89C51 single chip microcomputer were introduced.This control system can make cyclic measurement,display and alarming to ferment temperature at the same time,it can intelligently control the temperature.The test result showed that this system could achieve quite good control performance.


Summary.-A simple modification of the autokinetic-stimulus apparatus removes differences in Ss' judgments caused by unequal intensities of the stimulus due to differing viewing angles. Situations for psychophysical judgments can be employed to study the effect of the interaction of internal, individualistic factors, and external, social factors. The study of social judgment-processes and principles is amenable to experimental situations in which the srimuli to be judged are less structured, i.e., are more ambiguous, than in situations for psychophysical judgments. A productive socio-psychophysical simarion has been the judgment of autokinetic movement, introduced by Sherif (1935) for the study of formation of social norms. In the autokinetic situation the range and mode of judgments of the perceived amount of movement of an actually stationary point of light are controllable by manipulation of physical factors in the situation. These factors include the physical characteristics of the stimulus-light. The ambiguity, or lack of structure, of the total situation for S, including his uncertainty as to the dimensions and arrangement of the blacked-out and sound-deadened room in which the judgments are made, strongly affect the nature of the judgments both in variability from trial to trial and in the average extent of movement perceived. The duration of the stimulus-light on each trial has a direct relation to extent of perceived movement. Subject to stimulus distance, likewise, has a direct relation to perceived movement. Luchins (1954) demonstrated that judgments of distance of movement may be manipulated by varying the relationship of the field to the stimulus point. For practical laboratory purposes this means the intensity of the autokineric stimulus-light in a totally darkened room. As intensity decreases reported movement increases. The stimulus-light apparatus customarily used in the autokinetic situation varies little, other than in sophistication of timing and cycling devices, from that first used by Sherif in the early 1930s. The stimulus per ss consists of a boxed electric bulb, the light from which is exposed for a few seconds on each judgment trial by opening a shutter across a 1-mm, aperture. Such a mechanism is adequate when four or fewer Ss sit side by side, approximately 15 ft. from the stimulus. In this case there is no noticeable difference, due to differences in viewing angles, in the intensity of the stimulus, as seen by each individual. When the autokinetic judgment situation is employed to study the effect of social relations in natural-groups the increase in number of Ss making judgments of the same stimulus light at the same time causes some Ss to view the light aperture at a greater angle than others. Ss viewing the stimulus from the sides are not only farther from the stimuluslight than those in the center, they also see the stimulus as having a lower intensity because of the small diameter of the aperture, and the centered placement of the bulb behind the aperture. Subject to stimulus distance may be equalized by a semicircular seating arrangement


Mr. Whipple was elected Chairman ; Professor Nunn and the retiril~g Chairman, Mr. Abbott, were elected Vice-Chairmen. The Treasurer and Secretaries were re-elect,ed. Dr. Dysori delivered an address dealing with the uses that might be made of astrononlical facts in teaching eler~~entary nlathetnatics and giving sorile account of recent astrononlical research. Mr. Abhott rrad a paper on "Practical Work in Elementary Mathematics." This was illustrated by models actually rnade by boys it1 the Polytech~iic School. There was al-o an exhibit of motlels and apparatus in the Mathematical 1,aboratory. A discussion followed, ill wliich Mr. Daniell, Professor Bickerton, Mr. Boon, and Mr. Ellis took part. Mr. R. F Davis distributed sorile graphed copies of useful geometrical illustrations of a formula in differential calculus. I t is hoped that other menibers will follow this excellent example.


Basin Studies Field Methods and Studies Sandstones and Clastics Sequence Stratigraphy. Turbidite sedimentation of ancient orogenic belts are considered as closely related to that of marginal flood-dominated fluvio-deltaic systems. Many conclusions are new and far from conventional. These notes represent a need for fresh air from the area of outcrop studies.


INTRODUCTION Maximising the (log) likelihood (logL) in restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of variance components almost invariably represents a constrained optimisation problem. Iterative algorithms available to solve this problem differ substantially in computational resources needed, ease of implementation, sensitivity to choice of starting values and rates of convergence. One of the most widely used methods is the 'average information' (AI) algorithm, which "often converges in a few rounds of iteration" (Thompson et al. 2005). However, there have been some, albeit mainly anecdotal reports of the AI algorithm failing to converge, in particular for analyses involving multiple random effects, numerous traits or 'bad' starting values. A popular alternative are expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithms. While these are guaranteed to increase logL in each iterate, they are often painfully slow to converge. Recently, Foulley and van Dyk (2000) considered the 'parameter expanded' (PX) variant of the EM algorithm for mixed model REML, and demonstrated dramatically improved convergence compared to standard EM. Yet, there has been little use of the PX-EM algorithm. No comparisons between AI and PX-EM algorithms are available. This paper compares convergence rates of standard EM, PX-EM and AI algorithms for some practical examples of analyses of beef cattle data.


2596 Background: We have previously reported that whole cell preparations of breast carcinoma cells from either an autologous or allogeneic source (MCF-7 cells) could produce immune responses, increased lymphocyte proliferation in a LBA, in breast cancer patients vaccinated with tumor cells, tumor antigens and two biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF). We also showed that after vaccination with the tumor antigens (CEA, CA 15-3 and CA125), there were significant increases in the proliferation of the breast cancer patients' lymphocytes in response to the antigens in the LBA. The present study was undertaken to determine if tumor cell lysates would be more antigenic than the whole cell preparations.

METHODS
MCF-7 cells were lysed by two cycles of freeze thawing and a sample was tested in cell culture for viability. The lysate was then tested in LBAs and the results compared to those from whole cell preparations of MCF-7 cells (detached from cell culture plate, allowed to regenerate surface antigens while being agitated, and treated with mitomycin C to prevent further proliferation).

RESULTS
We found that there was significantly less activity in the lysate (38% to 81% less) than the whole cell preparation in 6 of the LBAs from 9 breast cancer patients. However, the lysate was much more active in 2 of the patients' LBAs (280% and 350% increases). One patient showed no difference between the two preparations.

CONCLUSIONS
Whole cell preparations of allogeneic MCF-7 cells have immunologic activity in more breast cancer patients than cell lysates, as determined by LBAs. However, a small but significant proportion (20 to 25%) of patients have a significantly greater immunologic response to the cell lysate. Further investigation of the pre-vaccine LBA activity of the whole cell and cell lysate as they relate to immunologic response to our breast cancer vaccine is warranted to determine if the cell lysate should be added to the vaccine. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Bi-layer gate stacks consisting of a HfO/sub 2/ and an interfacial layer are fabricated by remote plasma oxidation (RPO) of Hf metal deposited on an Si substrate. Hf metal is fully oxidized by the RPO even at a temperature as low as 400/spl deg/C due to radical oxygens, leading to an improvement in the quality of HfO/sub 2/ with less impact to the interfacial layer growth. An insufficient oxidation leads to a deterioration of mobility with increasing interface traps and positive bias temperature instability, which is likely caused by the oxygen vacancies acting as traps induced by the remaining Hf metal. The SiO/sub 2/-like interface improves the mobility with reduced interface states. Full oxidation and the controlled SiO/sub 2/-like interface demonstrate RPO as a promising way for gate-stack optimization.


An ionization profile monitor can collect either ions or electrons produced from residual gas ionization. A magnetic field can be used to confine the drift path of the electrons, reducing distortion introduced into the clearing electric field by the beam space charge. We have designed, built, measured, and installed in the Fermilab Main Injector a permanent magnet for this purpose. We discuss the requirements for such a magnet, especially the effect of magnetic strength and imperfections on the measured electron profiles, and the performance of the magnet as built.


A model, entitled Hermean Exosphere Model of Oxygen (HEMO) is presented. The source processes that are mainly responsible for replenishing the Hermean exosphere include ion sputtering, impact vaporization, photon stimulated desorption, and thermal desorption. Once released, the oxygen particles are affected by gravity, photoionization, photodissociation, and solar radiation acceleration. In addition to these eight processes, HEMO will incorporate a magnetosphere model to simulate how ion trajectories both for sputtering and post-release. The sole in-situ data of oxygen, from Mariner 10 as re-examined by Shemansky, suggests a nearground density of 4.4 x 10 cm. In this same paper, the sodium near-ground density is given as 1.7 – 3.8 x 10 cm


Abstract Our recent advances in understanding of static and dynamic behavior of partially ordered nematic systems are illustrated by a systematic DNMR study of anchoring and wetting on surfaces, treated by aliphatic acids, and by a theoretical analysis of collective excitations in a simple one dimensional planar geometry with order-inducing surface interaction.


The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the functioning of constitutional guarantees of human rights and freedoms contained in the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The author addresses the issue of human rights protection, including the development of institutions guaranteeing their protection in the context of the authoritarian model of governance in Venezuela. The paper is a theoretical attempt to present the problem of the functioning of human rights institutions in Venezuela at the constitutional level after the seizure of power by President Nicolas Maduro. It also attempts to determine to what extent the Chavista camp suspended constitutional guarantees of protection of human rights and freedoms in Venezuela. At the same time, the article describes how the petrification of the system of power by Nicolas Maduro affects the state of human rights protection in the country.


Hybrid Chemo-Magnetorheological Finishing ( HC-MRF) process is an advanced surface finishing process that utilizes the interaction of Magnetorheological Finishing and chemical etching to reduce the surface roughness of the cemented carbide cutting tools. Herein, Murakami's reagent is used as a Magnetorheological (MR) fluid carrier medium to trigger chemical etching and mechanical abrasion. The synergic action reduces surface finishing time and increases process efficiency. However, optimizing process parameters during the HC-MRF process is required to improve process efficiency further. Response Surface Methodology ( RSM) is used to develop the regression model to study the impact of process parameters (i.e. spindle speed, feed rate, and vol.% of Murakami's reagent in MR fluid) on the surface quality. Three surface roughness parameters, namely average surface roughness ( Ra), skewness ( Rsk), and kurtosis ( Rk), are opted to analyze the surface characteristics of the polished surface. Furthermore, optimization is performed with the help of a Genetic Algorithm ( GA) to achieve the best surface quality following input parameters. The surface roughness ( Ra) is reduced by 88.97% as the initial Ra value decreases to 34.50 nm from 312.87 nm after the HC-MRF process. The results obtained from RSM and GA are in good agreement with the experimental results. The optimum value of feed rate, spindle speed, and vol.% of Murakami's reagent in the MR fluid while achieving minimum surface roughness value (i.e. 31.26 nm) through GA are 1.2 mm/min, 23 rpm, and 53%, respectively. The measured kurtosis ( Rku) value of 0.64 at the optimum process parameter condition represents flat peaks on the surface roughness irregularities of the polished surface. Similarly, a skewness ( Rsk) value of 1.46 signifies that the number of peaks is higher than the number of valleys on the polished surface. Furthermore, it is observed that the Vol.% of Murakami's reagent in MR fluid is the most significant process parameter compared with other parameters among all responses.


This paper describes VANET network architecture based on SDN/MEC systems to reduce network load and traffic density . In this work, we examined the possibility of temporarily placing the application to the RSU for reducing the load on the network backhaul. The condition for temporary placement of the application is based on data on congestion of road sections from Google Map & Yandex monitoring systems and current Internet traffic statistics. The proposed architecture allows optimal use of the RSU/MEC resources and significantly reduces the load on the backhaul and Latency.


A 77-year-old male with a history of drug-resistant paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension was referred to our hospital for AF ablation. He has a history of ischemic heart disease; however, echocardiographic parameters were normal. Pulmonary vein (PV) antral isolation was performed with a double lasso technique (Lasso, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). After isolating all the PVs, dissociated PV activity (Fig. 1, asterisk) was observed constantly


Nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages (Mφ) in response to interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plays a pivotal role in the control of intracellular pathogens. Current knowledge of the specific biochemical cascades involved in this IFN‐γ‐inducible Mφ function is still limited. In the present study, we evaluated the participation of various second messengers – Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1α, MAP kinase kinase (MEK1/2), extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/Erk2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) – in the regulation of NO production by IFN‐γ‐stimulated J774 murine Mφ. The use of specific signalling inhibitors permitted us to establish that JAK2/STAT1α‐ and Erk1/Erk2‐dependent pathways are the main players in IFN‐γ‐inducible Mφ NO generation. To determine whether the inhibitory effect was taking place at the pre‐ and/or post‐transcriptional level, we evaluated the effect of each antagonist on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression, and on the capacity of IFN‐γ to induce JAK2, Erk1/Erk2 and STAT1α phosphorylation. All downregulatory effects occurred at the pretranscriptional level, except for NF‐κB, which seems to exert its role in NO production through an iNOS‐independent event. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis revealed that STAT1α is essential for IFN‐γ‐inducible iNOS expression and NO production, whereas the contribution of NF‐κB to this cellular regulation seems to be minimal. Moreover, our data suggest that Erk1/Erk2 are responsible for STAT1α Ser727 residue phosphorylation in IFN‐γ‐stimulated Mφ, thus contributing to the full activation of STAT1α. Taken together, our results indicate that JAK2, MEK1/2, Erk1/Erk2 and STAT1α are key players in the IFN‐γ‐inducible generation of NO by Mφ.


It is shown how a precise control of the initiation and se lect iv i ty of butadiene block polymerization reactions allows the molecular engineering of a variety of new heterophase materials. The typical examples presented illustrate 3 main potent ia l i t ies of these copolymers. First, the stable emulsification of blends of 2 immiscible homopolymers (PE/PS; PVC/PBD) by the corresponding diblock copolymer. Second, the pos s ib i l i ty to obtain high performance thermoplastic elastomers from triblock copolymers containing endblocks of high cohesive energy density (i.e. nylon-6, polypivalolactone). Third, the opportunity to t a i lo r "multiblock" systems in which the "hard" segment is an ionic group (halatotelechelic polymers), imparting to these systems interesting rheological properties.


The connection form of heating system in high zone of tall building connected with the heat-supply network is introduced. For the technology without water tank in high zone,the use of the direct connection device with water turbine for recycling rich mechanical energy of backwater in high zone is proposed. The equipment composition and safety of the device as well as the selection methods of water turbine and booster pumps are discussed.


People with physical disabilities (PWD) are a large population group in Germany. Due to functional limitations of the body, they may be dependent on nursing assistance. PWDs' wishes for assistance can be expressed verbally to nurses. However, these wishes do not always match what nurses want to happen. As a result, nursing care and the autonomy of PWDs can be critically opposed to each other. Thirteen problem-centered interviews were conducted with nurses on the care of PWDs. According to Strauss and Corbin (2010), analysis was conducted using grounded theory. When caring for PWDs, nurses may be confronted with wishes and needs they cannot or do not want to fulfill. As a result, they experience a conflict between care and respect for autonomy. Nurses critically assess these situations, including professional, ethical, and legal-organizational aspects. They interact with PWDs as well as colleagues to manage the conflict. Positive outcomes result in the conflict being resolved; negative outcomes result in nurses stopping care. Ambivalence also exists, which is characterized by tensions in further care. Nurses want to support PWDs, enable participation, and promote independence. They want to feel comfortable with their decisions. Therefore, they weigh carefully whether wishes for nursing assistance are realized or denied. Decision coaching can be a new task for academic nurses to enable PWDs to make health-promoting decisions for themselves.


The Ni40Co10−xFexMn33Al17 (x = 4, 6, 8) alloys are prepared by arc‐melting method. The crystallographic structure, magnetic and magnetoresistance properties are systematically studied. The large magnetic change is obtained across the martensitic transformation from the ferromagnetic austenite phase to weak‐magnetic martensite phase. With the increase in Fe/Co ratio, the martensite transformation temperature shifts to the lower temperature. The large values of magnetoresistance of 33.3, 25.7, and 13.1% are achieved at the field of 3 T for x = 4, x = 6, and x = 8 alloys around the martensitic transformation, respectively. These results indicate that Ni‐Fe‐Co‐Mn‐Al alloy provides the motive power for further research in practical applications.


Abstract

 An integrative taxonomic analysis of Sundaic populations of Gekko smithii from the Thai-Malaya Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo recovered four deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages that are separated by major geographic barriers (mountains and seaways). Furthermore, they bear a number of concordant statistically significant differences in meristic and morphometric features, morphospatial separation in multivariate space, and discrete differences in color pattern. Gekko smithiisensu stricto is restricted to southern Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra and Peninsular Malaysia west of the Banjaran (mountain range) Titiwangsa, being that the type locality is on Penang Island, Penang. Gekko hulksp. nov. is a new species from extreme southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia east of the Banjaran Titiwangsa and five east coast islands—the type locality being Pulau (island) Tioman, Pahang. Gekko cf. albofasciolatus is tentatively used to include Bornean populations west of the Iran Mountains in Sabah and Sarawak which, in the absence of molecular data, cannot unequivocally be separated morphologically from G. albofasciolatus from the type locality at Banjarmasin, Kalimantan, Indonesia east of the Iran Mountains. In the absence of molecular data, G. albomaculatus is resurrected to include mainland Sumatran, Nias Island, and Banyak Islands populations which, based on their morphology, cannot be separated from descriptions of G. albomaculatus from the type locality of Bangka Island, 15 km off the southeast coast of mainland Sumatra. Further integrative analyses of all Sumatran and Bornean populations are currently underway as well as the enigmatic Wallacean populations from Sulawesi. Data are presented that strongly suggest all references to G. smithii from Java stem from a 151 year-old misidentification of a specimen of G. gecko of unknown provenance. Additionally, there are no vouchered records of G. smithii from Myanmar. The phylogeographic patterns of Sundaic populations of the G. smithii complex are concordant with those of a plethora of other Sundaic lineages.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to induction and/or suppression of several genes, the interplay of which governs the neuronal death and subsequent loss of motor function. Using GeneChip®, the present study analyzed changes in the mRNA abundance at 3 and 24 h after SCI in adult rats. SCI was induced at T9 level by the New York University impactor by dropping a 10‐g weight from a height of 25 mm. Several transcription factors, immediate early genes, heat‐shock proteins, pro‐inflammatory genes were up‐regulated by 3 h, and persisted at 24 h, after SCI. On the other hand, some neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, ion channels, kinases and structural proteins were down‐regulated by 3 h, and persisted at 24 h, after SCI. Several genes that play a role in growth/differentiation, survival and neuroprotection were up‐regulated at 24 h after SCI. Using real‐time quantitative PCR, the changes observed by GeneChip® were confirmed for seven up‐regulated (interleukin‐6, heat‐shock protein‐70, heme oxygenase‐1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, interferon regulatory factor‐1, neuropeptide Y), two down‐regulated (vesicular GABA transporter and cholecystokinin precursor) and two unchanged (Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase and phosphatidyl inositol‐3‐kinase) genes. The present study shows that inflammation, neurotransmitter dysfunction, increased transcription, ionic imbalance and cytoskeletal damage starts as early as 3 h after SCI. In addition to these effects, 24 h after SCI the repair and regeneration process begins in an attempt to stabilize the injured spinal cord.


Antimicrobial agents were used in the water coolant system in the high-speed dental drill during a series of tooth preparations on a model. Artificial saliva was applied to the dentition before the procedure began. For five minutes after cessation of drilling, the aerosols generated were collected on precipitation plates. Six agents reduced the bacterial counts to levels less than that recorded for water alone.


Forest licensing scheme is an important approach and method of the forest management administration.As a rule,the granting of forest license is non-charging activity,charging is the exception.This paper chooses the US hunting license as the starting point,compares different forest licensing systems between China and the US,and then provides suggestions for regulating and standardizing the charging scheme of forest license system in China.


Picking up nuances of facial expression is a crucial part of frontline employee–guest interaction, yet little is known about its neurocognitive mechanism. We use a neuroimaging approach to explore the individual differences in cognitive processing style of front-of-house (FoH) employees by comparing their brain structures with those back-of-house (BoH). A voxel-based morphometry analysis of 63 senior hotel executives' brain images reveals that the grey matter volume in the occipital and fusiform face areas of FoH employees is greater than that of BoH employees and does not depend on the length of frontline experience. These regions have been implicated in facial expression recognition that is critical to the success in frontline roles. Our findings support the social brain hypothesis. To support sophisticated social cognition, resources are diverted to brain development associated with facial expression recognition. This development trajectory follows deferred adaptation, rather than conditional adaptation, proposed in developmental evolutionary psychology.


We describe a patient with small cell lung cancer with anti-Hu paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and central hypoventilation syndrome. This highlights the insidious clinical presentation of central hypoventilation and raises awareness of this condition as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. This case also highlights the complex circuitry of automatic respiration in the brainstem and the potential role of the cerebellum. We emphasize the difficulties in managing paraneoplastic central hypoventilation.


Discussing the scientific and causal principles in the study of culture and society, this collection of essays claims that a cultural materialist approach is the most productive way of explaining cultural differences and similarities.


Immersive virtual reality (iVR) has gained considerable attention recently with increasing affordability and accessibility of the hardware. iVR applications for older adults present tremendous potential for diverse interventions and innovations. The iVR literature, however, provides a limited understanding of guiding design considerations and evaluations pertaining to user experience (UX). To address this gap, we present a state-of-the-art scoping review of literature on iVR applications developed for older adults over 65 years. We performed a search in ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and PubMed (1 January 2010–15 December 2019) and found 36 out of 3874 papers met the inclusion criteria. We identified 10 distinct sets of design considerations that guided target users and physical configuration, hardware use, and software design. Most studies carried episodic UX where only 2 captured anticipated UX and 7 measured longitudinal experiences. We discuss the interplay between our findings and future directions to design effective, safe, and engaging iVR applications for older adults.


CDFP-Mine, a novel approach for finding huge Colossal Pattern Sequences (CPS) from High Dimensional Biological Datasets is talked about in this paper. CDFP-Mine has successfully found Determinate Frequent Patterns (DFP) which is additionally advanced into a DFPT + tree to produce CPS with vector intersection operator. CDFP-Mine influences utilization of a novel incorporated data structure called Hyperstructure 'Hstruct', as a blend of a data matrix and one-dimensional arrays exhibit as a pair to powerfully find DFP from Biological High Dimensional Datasets. DFPT+ tree is developed as Bitwise Top-Down Column identification tree. H-struct has an assorted element to encourage is, it has amazingly restricted and precisely predictable primary memory and runs rapidly in memory based requirements. The algorithm is planned such that it takes just a single scan at the database to find CPS. The exact investigation on CDFP-Mine demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a superior mining effectiveness on different high dimensional datasets and beats Colossal Pattern Miner(CPM) and BVBUC in various settings. The execution of CDFP-Mine on the high dimensional dataset is assessed with Accuracy and Frequency measures.


Objective:To analyze the epidemiological survey data of simple obesity among the children in Shanghai,in order to grasp the change regularity of simple obesity among the children aged 0~6 years old,and explore the effect factors of simple obesity among children.Methods:A disproportionate stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used in the study;for the children under 3 years,a neighborhood committee was a survey unit,for the children aged 3~6 years old,a kindergarten was a unit,which were consistent with the survey points in 1995.The data including measured values of physical examination,individual histories,feeding and dietary habits,living habits,family situations and cognitive levels of parents were analyzed among 402 children with simple obesity and 394 paired healthy children,then the results were compared with the investigation results in 1996,1986 and the investigation results from 9 cities in 2006.Results:The detection rate of simple obesity among the children in Shanghai was 3.26%,increasing by 6.76 times in last 20 years,and the increase mainly occurred in the first 10 years.The detection rate of simple obesity among the children showed a rising tendency with age,increased obviously after 4 years,peaked at 6-year group,the incidence was 7.84%.The incidence of simple obesity among boys aged 0~6 years old was significantly higher than that among girls aged 0~6 years old,the main type was mild simple obesity,accounting for 61.68%.The degree of obesity aggravated with age.Obesity of children was correlated with main supporters,the eating rate and intake of vegetables.Conclusion:The incidence of childhood obesity shows a rising tendency with the development of social economy.The study and intervention of childhood obesity should be enhanced.


Cerebral malaria, a major cause of death during malaria, is associated with sequestration of parasitised red blood cells (PRBC) in brain vessels. Raised plasma levels of both malaria‐specific and self‐reacting antibodies are common during malaria. The role of self‐reacting antibodies in pathogenesis is still debated, but implication of malaria specific antibodies in vessel lesions has not been investigated. To address this question we first explored the transfer of malaria antigens to human brain endothelial cells (HBEC), by incubating them with calcein‐AM‐ and PKH 26‐labelled P. falciparum‐infected RBC, for cytoplasmic and membrane identification, respectively. Immunofluorescent detection of malaria antigens was performed on HBEC after incubation of PRBC using a pool of hyperimmune plasmas from patients from malaria endemic area. Second, the antigens transferred to HBEC by this process were characterised by Western blot using mAbs raised against MSP antigens. This study demonstrates the transfer of parasite antigens to the HBEC through a mechanism dependent on their binding of the PRBC and on their engulfment. These results can be related to previous studies which showed deposition of IgE, IgG, malaria antigens and fibrin on brain vessels from patients who died of cerebral malaria. This capture of malaria antigen can transform microvascular endothelium in a target for the immune response of the patient


Quiet, efficient fans with minimal vibrations are needed to maximize the mechanical life of atmospheric revitalization system fans used for human life support systems for long duration space exploration missions. Several metal spacecraft cabin ventilation fan prototypes have been designed,
 built, and tested at the NASA Glenn Research Center Acoustical Testing Laboratory. Tests performed in 2021 of the first prototype of the metal fan measured vibrations greater than desired at design point speed and backpressure conditions. To try to reduce those vibrations, a second prototype
 of the fan design was developed which included a new lighter rotor with a tighter balance tolerance, a new collet to attach the rotor to the motor shaft more securely and repeatably, and a new bracket to center and hold the motor in the fan centerbody more precisely. The second prototype of
 the fan was tested in 2023 and the vibrations were measured with the fan operating at design point speeds in isolation but not throttled to design point back pressure conditions since it was not installed with inlet and exhaust ducting. Peak vibration was reduced from 4 mm/s to 1 mm/s. This
 paper is part of a series of reports documenting the performance of the prototype fan.


Common adverse reactions of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFRTKI) due to drug toxicity are rash and diarrhea.Positive curative effect has been observed after gefitinib(Iressa,ZD1839) and erlotinib(Tarceva,Ro50-8231) were introduced into China in 2005 and 2007,respectively.However,some patients who were likely to benefit from the therapy might not accept EGFR-TKIs because of severe adverse event(AE) during the treatment.Conmana(icotinib hydrochloride,BPI-2009H) is a newly developed and highly specific EGFR-TKI that is designed in China with independent intellectual property right.In this case,the patient experienced III ~ IV-level diarrhea after taking gefitinib,and antidiarrheal drugs were ineffective.The intolerable AE led to drug withdrawal.Treatment was then transformed into icotinib therapy and had been on for 7 months without apparent AE observed.After the first cycle of icotinib(30 days),objective responses were evaluated to be SD,physical conditions and the quality of life were improved.This suggests that icotinib is effective and well-tolerated in advanced NSCLC patients,and superior to gefitinib and erlotinib in terms of curative effectiveness and safety among Chinese patients.


The oil extraction industry generate two by-products, an aqueous effluent, olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and a solid residue, olive mill solid waste (OMSW). Both are considered as a major pollutant in the Mediterranean area causing severe environmental threats. Actually, the main problem regarding is to find an environmental and economical viable solution for this situation. With respect to the conversion technologies for energy use, pyrolysis has been widely used for converting biomass into liquids and solids among the thermo-chemical technologies. Pyrolysis is generally described as the thermal decomposition of the organic components in biomass waste in the absence of oxygen at mediate temperature to yield tar, char and gaseous fractions. This article deals with fast pyrolysis of two olive mill wastes, such as olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and concentrated olive mill wastewater (COMWW) at the range of temperature 400-600 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate how the temperature and heating rate affects char, liquid and gaseous (+ losses) product yields from different olive mill via pyrolysis and to determine optimal condition to have a better yield of these products. The amount of liquid "bio-oil" from pyrolysis of olive mill samples decreases with increasing the heating rate and the highest yields were obtained from the samples between 450 °C and 500 °C. For OMSW the maximal average yield achieve almost ≈ 33.41 wt % at 500 °C and 5°C/min, whereas for COMWW it achieve 31.29 wt % at 450 °C with the same heating rate. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the pyrolysis temperature, beginning with the temperature of 400 °C arriving at a temperature of 600 °C. Concerning the yield of Gaseous product and losses, we notice that, the efficiency increase with increasing the heating rate from 5 °C/min to 50 °C/min. The results show that final temperature (400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C and 600 °C) and heating rates (5 °C/min, 10 °C/min, 20 °C/min and 50 °C/min) have a remarkable effect on the yields of products. Liquid products obtained under the most suitable and optimal conditions were characterised by elemental analysis, 1H'RMN, FT-IR and CG-MS. Column chromatography was employed and yields of sub-fractions were calculated. Gas chromatography was achieved on aliphatic fractions. The results show the presence of an aliphatic character and that it is possible to obtain liquid products similar to petroleum from olive mill wastes if the pyrolysis conditions are chosen accordingly.


Conservation of globally endangered plant resources is a critical ecological, cultural and economic issue. The undertaking of ecological study focusing on the distribution, abundance and population structures of target species is fundamental to the assessment of the conservation status of wild populations. A study was carried out on the wild herb Hypericum sinaicum (Family: Hypericaceae) in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP), South Sinai, Egypt, where 22 sites presenting different habitats in SKP were surveyed for: (1) investigate the floristic composition, vegetation types and H. sinaicum distribution in the area, (2) define the ecological status of H. sinaicum and characterize this range by its size, shape, boundaries and internal structure, (3) clearly identify conservation priorities and suggest appropriate strategies for H. sinaicum conservation, (4) detect the effect of environmental factors on the distribution of H. sinaicum in order to use it as first step for conservation by rehabilitation or restoration, (5) determine the effect of spatial variation on plant community and H. sinaicum productivity, and (6) to determine the ecological and climatic requirements for this species and detect their effect on the species distribution. A total of 113 species were recorded in total within the 237 sites. 37 families were recorded within the study area; Asteraceae (15%) and Lamiaceae (11.5%) presented the dominant families in this area, while the Hypercaceae family which represented the target species (H. sinaicum) was recorded only once. H. sinaicum was recorded as dominant species in only 12 sites from 237 with 5%. Morphological attributes for Hypericum showed great variation due to the variation in the edaphic features of different locations. Finally it's was observed that vegetation constitutes an organized whole, it operates at a higher level of integration than the separate species and may possess emergent properties not necessarily found in individual themselves. Most of the H. sinaicum populations were small and the plants occurred sporadically in space, as little groups conjugated with wet soil. At the micro-site level, H. sinaicum plants occupied most of high altitude habitats in SKP such as cliffs, Wadi bed, terrace, gorge, slope and cave habitats. H. sinaicum prefers the wet and shady places like gorges, slopes and cliffs with continuous water supply. There is an urgent need to integrate the knowledge derived from ecological, demographic and climatic approaches to species conservation in order to be able to formulate management strategies that take into account all different considerations.


Partially diffused compression ignition mode was combined with low octane number gasoline to meet the more strict emission and fuel economy standards in future, as well as to lower costs. Experimental comparison was carried out based on a two-cylinder diesel engine fueled with low octane number gasoline and conventional diesel fuel, respectively. Normal 0# diesel and gasoline with research octane number (RON) of 46 and 56 were tested. Smoke numbers were measured by FBY-2 Bosch smoke meter, and the gaseous emissions were measured using AVL SESAM 4.0 multi-gas analyzer. Performance of fuel economy, soot emission and gaseous pollutants were compared and analyzed to show that the fuel consumption is even lower than that of diesel when burning low octane number gasoline due to a rapid combustion of the gasoline with the smoke markedly reduced, especially under high load and high speed conditions; however, the total hydrocarbon (THC) emission is higher than that of burning conventional diesel fuel.


The Northern Illinois University Law Review's selection of voting rights for their 2014 symposium could not be timelier. The Supreme Court's highly contentious decision in Shelby County v. Holder has deservedly received much analysis, media attention, and scrutiny. But Shelby County's direct impact on the Voting Rights Act is best understood in the context of other recent activity in the election arena. The introduction of state level voting laws in recent years is arguably unprecedented in both number and content, at least since the turn of the last century. This brief introduction merely skims the surface of the many complex voting rights issues subject to both debate and litigation throughout our nation. It is intended to provide an overall context to the thoughtful articles in this issue that provide legal analyses of Shelby County and contemplate the impact of the Court's decision. Further, the focus of public attention has primarily centered on those states previously covered under the Voting Rights Act's section 4 prior to Shelby County v. Holder and other often "battleground" states that have passed restrictive legislation. States like Illinois are not, however, isolated


In this article the Strategic IntegralModelof Public Management of Quality isdescribed for Colombia, based on the development of the managerial functions wit...


This article focuses on floating car data, or probe vehicle data, and the importance of presenting current and accurate trip information. TEXT IN DUTCH


Summary Epididymal adipose tissue from normal and alloxan-diabetic rats was incubated in vitro with glucose-1-C14 and glucose-6-C14. Recovery of labelled carbon in fatty acids showed a marked depression in tissues from diabetic animals, but the ratio of C-1/C-6 in fatty acids showed no change, suggesting a proportional depression of both the glycolytic and phosphogluconate oxidation pathways. These data supplement previous observations that in the presence of insulin both pathways are equally stimulated.


In this thesis I present numerical results from quantum chromodynamics with chiral fermions in the quenched approximation. In particular, the thesis is divided into three topics: 1) We investigated the chiral phase transition in the complex and real sector of the Polyakov loop separately. Despite claims in the literature we have found no dependence of the critical temperature of the chiral phase transition on the Polyakov loop sector. 2) Calorons are supposed to be responsible for the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry. We found evidence for caloron states on the lattice by looking at the localization properties of the low-lying eigenmodes of the Dirac operator. 3) Normal modes represent a specific basis of the probability density of the Dirac eigenvalues in chiral random matrix theory. We have compared numerical data from lattice QCD to predictions of chiral random matrix theory and found good agreement.


Finnish working class sports clubs were known to be highly political at the beginning of the 20th century, but the methods with which the sports clubs taught their members about socialism have never been studied in detail. This paper discusses the case of Turun Veikot ("The Lads of Turku"), a working class sports club that was well-known for its leftism. The methods of political socialization in the club between the years 1912–1923 are studied, and at the same time a frame of reference for future studies on the same subject is being constructed. As well as historical sources, this study uses the results of modern day studies on the subject of learning in voluntary organisations. This paper came to the conclusion that the single most effective method of socializing was for a member to either participate in the management of the club or to take part in assemblies. However, these were but a fragment of the entire socializing work that took place in a working class sports club.


Review of late Holocene paleoenvironmental and cultural sequences from four regions of western North America shows striking correlations between drought and changes in subsistence, population, exchange, health, and interpersonal violence during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (a.d. 800–1350). While ultimate causality is difficult to identify in the archaeological record, synchrony of the environmental and cultural changes and the negative character of many human responses—increased interpersonal violence, deterioration of long‐distance exchange relationships, and regional abandonments—suggest widespread demographic crises caused by decreased environmental productivity. The medieval droughts occurred at a unique juncture in the demographic history of western North America when unusually large populations of both hunter‐gatherers and agriculturalists had evolved highly intensified economies that put them in unprecedented ecological jeopardy. Long‐term patterns in the archaeological record are inconsistent with the predicted outcomes of simple adaptation or continuous economic intensification, suggesting that in this instance environmental dynamics played a major role in cultural transformations across a wide expanse of western North America among groups with diverse subsistence strategies. These events suggest that environment should not be overlooked as a potential cause of prehistoric culture change. The present paper was submitted 16 11 98 and accepted 5 vi 98; the final version reached the Editor's office 6 vii 98.


This paper describes the structure, floristic composition and floristic affinities of the three main forest types found in a lowland rain forest in the Caura watershed, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela. We inventoried 3719 trees above 10 cm diameter at breast height in 62 vegetation plots of 0.1 hectare representing closed-canopy terra firme forest, sporadically flooded forest near small streams and seasonally flooded riparian forest. The terra firme forest of the lower Caura was characterized by comparatively low density of big trees (>= 50 cm DBH), low overall basal area (average of 22.3 m2/ha), high species richness (average of 137 spp./ha), and low degree of dominance by any one species (maximum IV = 13.92 of 300). The seasonally flooded forest had the highest density of small trees (< 20 cm DBH), the largest trees (110 to 120 cm DBH) documented during this study, and the lowest species richness (average of 82 spp./ha). The sporadically flooded forest was intermediate in most traits. Both flooded forest types had higher degrees of dominance by a single species (max. IV = 22.76 and 23.07 of 300) and higher basal areas (average 25.5 and 26.8 m2/ha.) than the terra firme forest. Leguminosae ( s.l .) and Lecythidaceae had the highest family importance values in all three forest types and the majority of species that could be identified had a wide neotropical distribution, but we also documented at least two species currently considered endemic to Venezuelan Guayana. Because of their structural and floristic characteristics, the forests of the lower Caura are unattractive for large-scale timber exploitation based on selective cutting of a few commercial species.


With the economic integration and competitive globaliz at ion coming into being, corporation core competence, the source of sustainable co mpetitive advantages, decides if an enterprise can survive and grow. In this knowledge economic era, knowledge has been one of the enterprises' core resources. It may be explicit or tacit. The tacit knowledge plays a decisive role in promoting corporation core competence because its internal essence is in accordance with that of the corporation core competence.


Aggregated gold nanoparticles are widely used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), however, gold nanoparticles are excellent light absorbers and its local heating effect should be concerned. The optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles are strongly dependent on interactions with other nanoparticles, which complicates analysis for systems larger than a few particles. In this work we examine heat dissipation in aggregated nanoparticles and its influence on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) through correlated photothermal heterodyne imaging (PHI). For dimers the per particle absorption cross sections show evidence of interparticle coupling; however, the effects are much smaller than those for the field enhancements that are important for SERS. For larger aggregates the total absorption was observed to be simply proportional to aggregate volume. This observation allows us to model light absorption and heating in the aggregates by assuming that the particles act as independent heating sources. To push the detection limits in PHI of our system, we use the home-built DC-10MHz low noise large area photodiode amplifier and obtain 7 nV/Hz1/2 noise level which closed to the limitation of SR844 Lock-in amplifier itself. Our work aims to use local heating effects from molecules to improve the spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity of label-free microscopy.


1Interestingly, however influential Knight and Mises otherwise have been in shaping their respective schools, neither Knight nor Mises have been entirely successful in convincing their followers of this part of their doctrines. Similarly, while they were skeptical about the use of probability, Knight and Mises were also proponents of "a priori" economic theory, and in this regard, too, neither Knight nor Mises has been entirely successful with his students. See Knight (1940) and Mises (1966, chap. 2). 2Richard von Mises (1883–1953) was professor of mathematics at the University of Strassburg (1909–1919). In 1921 he was appointed professor of mathematics and director THE LIMITS OF NUMERICAL PROBABILITY: FRANK H. KNIGHT AND LUDWIG VON MISES AND THE FREQUENCY INTERPRETATION


The length- weight relationship, relative condition factor (Kn) and morphometric and meristic counts of the fresh water spiny eel, Mastacembalus armatus (Lacepede) from District Mymensingh, Bangladesh were studied by examination of 217 specimens collected between March 2000 to October 2000. These fishes ranged from 14.8- 47.5 cm in total length and 8.0- 139.4 g in weight. The relation between the total length and weight of M. armatus is described as Log W= - 2.30 + 2.72 ´ Log L for males, Log W= -2.1 + 2.60 ´ Log L for females and Log W= - 2.38 + 2.78 ´ Log L for sexes combined. The mean relative condition factor (Kn) values ranged from 0.83 to 1.31 for males, 0.80 to 1.29 for females and 0.76 to 1.30 for combined sexes. The morphometric measurements of various body parts and meristic counts were recorded for males and females separately. Application of Z test showed no significant morphological difference between two sexes and the relationship between body measurements was found to be linear. The length- weight relationship and relative condition factor show that the growth of M. armatus is quite satisfactory.


A farmout agreement is usually defined as a contract to assign oil- and gas-lease rights in a certain acreage upon completion of drilling obligations and the performance of any other covenants and conditions therein contained. This review of the legal aspects of farmout agreements as alternatives to formal lease agreements includes a description of farmouts followed by an outline of major provisions in a typical agreement. The appendix includes a checklist of questions that lawyers will want to ask their clients, a sample farmout agreement, and a list of six recommended references. (DCK)


Due to the presence of dietary supplements on the Romanian and global pharmaceutical market based on cannabinoids, interest in their use has increased. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids has been investigated in recent years following the breakthrough discovery that revealed a new signaling system called the endocannabinoid system.
The human body has a complex system of endogenous endocannabinoid type, with essential roles in various areas of metabolic, immunological, inflammatory and behavioral control (cognitive processes, appetite, satiety, affect).
The therapeutic properties of the Cannabis plant are attributed to cannabinoids, a class represented by terpenophenolic compounds that accumulate mainly in the resin secreted from the trichomes of female Cannabis sativa plants. The medical use of cannabinoids, especially phytocannabinoids, has been one of the most interesting approaches to these phenomena in pharmacotherapy in recent years, with these compounds gaining ground day by day.


It has been proved that arbitrarily high-energy collision between two particles can occur near the horizon of an extremal Kerr black hole as long as the energy $E$ and angular momentum $L$ of one particle satisfies a critical relation, which is called the BSW mechanism. Previous researchers mainly concentrate on geodesic motion of particles. In this paper, we will take spinning particle which won't move along a timelike geodesic into our consideration, hence, another parameter $s$ describing the particle's spin angular momentum was introduced. By employing the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equation describing the movement of spinning particle, we will explore whether a Kerr-Sen black hole which is slightly different from Kerr black hole can be used to accelerate a spinning particle to arbitrarily high energy. We found that when one of the two colliding particles satisfies a critical relation between the energy $E$ and the total angular momentum $J$, or has a critical spinning angular momentum $s_c$, a divergence of the center-of-mass energy $E_{cm}$ will be obtained.


A gaming system in which a plurality of gaming machines are provided with an additional progressive jackpot gaming system which allows players on the gaming machines to play for a jackpot provided by the progressive system. The controller of the progressive system generates in random fashion at the beginning of a game cycle a jackpot-win value for the progressive jackpot which is displayed to the players of the gaming machine from the beginning of the game cycle. The controller also randomly generates a parameter for use with unit bet information from the gaming machines in determining a current jackpot value. When the current jackpot value is brought to the jackpot-win value, the gaming machine responsible is the winner of the progressive jackpot. Also disclosed is the generation by the progressive controller of signalling which is supplied to a winning gaming machine and causes the machine to make the jackpot payout.


This is a comprehensive study of Roman literary references to Egypt without preference for one particular period, author or subject, in contrast to most previous scholarship. In doing so, it shows that these references vary greatly, are context-dependent, and cannot be rightly understood when interpreted only within the normative and fixated frameworks of negative perceptions of contemporary Egypt or positive perceptions of Egypt's antiquity. Moreover, this study suggests that approaching Roman literary references from the notion of Roman self-representationis useful for understanding and explaining their multifarious and sometimes contradictory messages. This observation does not imply that every reference to Egypt is therefore 'Roman'. On the contrary, Egypt was occasionally framed as the Other. Yet the omnipresence of Egypt in Roman literature is of major importance when the Roman identity is at stake. Egypt, then, is neither only the Other, nor only the Self, but always a polyvalent notion in terms of identity-making.


This research set out to describe the current state of Environmental due iligence, how it evolved, current trends, and where it may be headed. The approach taken to accomplish this was a literature review, comparison of international Environmental due diligence standards, in particular ASTM E-1527 00 and ISO 14015, review of six case studies of environmental due diligence assessment reports, and interviews with actors involved in the environmental due diligence process, including those who conduct and those who purchase, the environmental due diligence assessment. The research identified commonalities and differences between the standards, and found that the standards ISO 14015 and ASTM E-1527 are not commonly followed in conducting assessments. Instead, consultancies and companies often have their own standards, but even these are not explicitly followed, but served as guidelines. Interviews as well as case studies indicated that areas covered by environmental due diligence assessments are largely consistent with the exceptions of corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues, which were covered less consistently. The manner in which the consistently covered issues are assessed and reported varies. Trends, potential future direction of the field, and ideas for further research are discussed.


Objective: Children with complex needs and severe disability may undergo gastrostomy insertion to support feeding difficulties. Parent education programs are critical components of clinical care pathways but there is little information on parent-reported educational needs. This study describes the collaborative process that yielded a resource to assist parents considering gastrostomy tube placement for their children, and the evaluation of the resource. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to identify parent needs for gastrostomy education. Based on these data and codesigning with parents with a child with gastrostomy tube, an online resource comprising video and written materials was developed. Twenty parents then evaluated its suitability for parent learning. Results: Data describing parent needs were coded into categories which represented the gastrostomy "journey"—Decision Making, Hospital Stay and Living with Gastrostomy. Called Nourish, the gastrostomy training resource comprised 19 videos and 18 accompanying worksheets. Twenty parent caregivers rated it highly for its support for learning, confidence building, and planning. Conclusion: The process that created Nourish generated a useful resource for parents considering or managing gastrostomy tube feedings for their child. Positive feedback suggests that this approach could be a valuable adjunct to clinical care.


The Abstract: In the article the regularities of formation of interregional differences in income in respect of the Arctic sector. Taking into account the peculiarities of formation of incomes of the population in Russia on the basis of the theory of compensating expenses revealed factors of interregional differentiation in incomes, especially wages. Formulated concrete suggestions on the formation of optimal differences in approaches among regions. Showing social problems shift method, summarizes the main provisions of the proposed pension reform and experience of organization of social payments. All the suggestions of the author justified taking into account the territorial differences in the Russian Arctic. The proposed matrix differentiation in pay takes into account qualifications, specific kinds of activity. Updated sources of funding for the proposed measures.


The invention relates to a cave mouth structure of a steel-plate shear wall, which comprises frame columns, frame beams and a cave mouth frame column, wherein the frame columns are vertically arranged on the edge of the steel-plate shear wall; the cave mouth frame column is vertically arranged on the edge of a cave mouth; the frame beams are transversely arranged on the edge of the steel-plate shear wall and are fixedly connected with the frame columns and the cave mouth frame column, and a reinforced component is fixedly arranged on the edge of the cave mouth to form a cave mouth connection beam. Due to the adoption of the cave mouth structure of the steel-plate shear wall, the problem that the stress is concentrated on the corner part of the steel-plate shear wall cave mouth to easily cause the tearing of the steel-plate shear wall can be solved, the structure is reasonable, the power is definitely transferred, the structure is simple and convenient to construct, and strong practicability and maneuverability can be realized while the functional requirement of the building can be satisfied.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of preservation of spinous process ligament complex under endoscope on lumbar degenerative diseases.

Methods
One hundred patients with single-segment lumbar degenerative disease admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to September 2017 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The patients in the control group underwent traditional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), and the patients in the observation group underwent posterior median small incision interbody fusion with endoscopic preservation of the spinous process ligament complex. The incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and bed rest time were compared between the two groups.The surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dability index (ODI) scores.

Results
Compared with the control group, the intraoperative blood loss and the surgical incision was smaller in the observation group, and the operation time and postoperative bed time were shorter; the VAS score and ODI score were lower 1 week and 3 months after operation, and the differences were significant (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of intervertebral fusion between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions
Endoscopic preservation of the spinous process ligament complex is a new minimally invasive method for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with rapid postoperative recovery and good clinical efficacy.

Key words:
Microendoscopy; Lumbar degenerative disease; Small incision; Spinous process ligament complex


Abstract Diel feeding periodicity of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) in Acton Lake, Ohio, was studied in 1973 and 1974. Grazing on bottom sediments by age-I and age-II gizzard shad usually began in early morning, increased in intensity until 1400–1600 hours, and then declined. After dusk, the fish became inactive, and feeding activity ceased. Exceptions to this pattern were noted in May and June 1974, when food intake decreased markedly during the spawning period. Organic and caloric contents of detrital food material in the gizzards ranged from 3.1 to 61.5% (mean = 18%) of dry weight and 845 to 5,520 cal/g ash-free dry weight (1973, mean = 3,187; 1974, mean = 3,132). The low quality (expressed as calories) of the organic detritus ingested during most of the summer could explain in part why the growth rates of gizzard shad in this system are depressed in relation to those observed in other impoundments at similar latitudes.


The article presents the works of an Italian writer, Alberto Savinio as an original model of literature "beyond clear-cut distinctions". Drawing from the theories of Roland Barthes and Jacques Derrida, it demonstrates to what extent this particular model, based on a conscious deconstruction of both formal and conceptual structure of discourse, leads to the overthrow of a cultural stereotype due to a new reading of the opposition me/other, open/ closed, familiar/strange, known/unknown etc. To achieve that goal Savinio uses the titular "hybrid identities" and the strategy of hybridization of the depicted reality. Savinio, for a long time excluded from mainstream criticism, appears to be a very contemporary writer and his reinterpretation of conceptual basis of the Western culture turn him into a postmodernist author avant la lettre .


This journal will describe how the kick handling time is reduced from the actual condition by applying Drillers The method in Well X. This well is an exploration well with the main objective at the 9,000 ft range of depth in Kujung Formation, which has been identified as a gas hydrocarbon reservoir zone. Before reaching the total depth, the drilling operation involves four kick occurrences. This Kick happened for the last time at the depth of 8,525 ft and it needed two times kill mud circulation to handle the kick. Furthermore, the time needed to control the kick was 13.5 hours by applying the Engineers Method. Moreover, even the well control operation was successfully done, Engineers Method may cause some serious problems since this method allows gas migration to the surface without expansion when the kill mud preparation needs a longer time. Thus, this method is evaluated with the Drillers Method as the comparison, resulting in the recommendation of a well control method for Exploration Well X by considering the kick handling time, produced pressure, operational complexity, and hole problem aspect. Then the recommended well control method is simulated with Landmark software to predict the produced pressure during the well control operation in Exploration Well X. Through this recommendation, kick handling time in Exploration Well X is reduced to be 4.3 hours only with 69,493.39 USD of cost-saving.


Death and grieving have become commonplace in recent years in my life. As a newer and younger woman religious, the age demographics in my community have placed me in the chapel at an unusual number of funerals for a thirthy-two-year old. As part of the age minority where "more than two-thirds of men and women vowed religious in the United States today are older than sixty five" with only nine percent of today's sisters under the age of sixty,1 in a larger congregation, the understanding and acceptance of diminishment and dying have become part of my formation. Even with this new familiarity of the death and grieving process, nothing could prepare me for the death of a man named Chris in Louisiana.


We examine underwriting fees for repeat issuers of new securities to determine the relation between loyalty to an underwriting bank and the fees charged. For a sample of offers over the 1975-2001 period, we find that loyalty is associated with lower fees for common stock offers, consistent with valuable relationship capital being built through loyalty. For debt offers, however, we document the opposite pattern, consistent with relationship capital not being as valuable. For both offer types, firms that graduate to higher quality banks face lower fees. Firms that are more likely to be switching banks to improve analyst coverage face high fees for common stock offers, but not for debt offers.


Observation with fixed points is an important means for field information collection.Taking remote collection for soil moisture information of fixed observation points as an example,this paper introduced a system,which transfers information through GSM to control soil moisture sensor in field,realizes remote collection for soil moisture information,and attains seamless integration between information collection and irrigation decision by information server center with GIS platform.The authors also discussed the soil speciality division through GIS and the design method for distribution of fixed points for soil moisture information collection based on the division in the end.


This study examined the positions of Learning Sciences (LS) and ComputerSupported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) research in educational research using EducMap, a map of global educational research. LS/CSCL research has a presence in about one third of educational research, a substantial presence given its relatively short history.


Determination of suppliers in the process of filling raw materials in the warehouse is very important for a company. Various types of companies will depend on the supply of raw materials such as production companies. A decision support system is needed to help make decisions in determining raw materials that have various criteria. Evaluation of suppliers is very important to get the right supply of raw materials. Things to consider in determining raw materials are the quality of the raw materials supplied to the company, competitive prices with other competitors, so that it is expected to produce products that have affordable cost of production, delivery in the fulfillment of raw materials continuously to support production, services provided by suppliers in the process of supplying raw materials to the company, offers of raw materials provided by suppliers in filling raw material needs.


Error free transmission is one of the main aims in wireless communications. With the increase in multimedia applications, large amount of data is being transmitted over wireless communications. Thi ...


A reduced state sequence detector (RSSD) which combines decision feedback with Viterbi decoding is proposed for partial response continuous phase modulation (CPM). This detector can successfully be used for both binary and high-level partial response CPM schemes. This detector is analysed by means of minimum Euclidean distance and by simulations of the symbol error probability. It is shown that the phase states in the receiver trellis of the maximum likelihood detector for partial response CPM can be exchanged by decision feedback in the metric calculations. This can be achieved without sacrificing minimum Euclidean distance of the first error event or symbol error probability. This RSSD is most attractive for narrow-band CPM schemes and at most about 2 dB in increased energy efficiency as compared with MSK is possible. Further reductions in number of states is possible, especially for high-level CPM schemes, by reducing the number of correlative states. For the most frequently used CPM schemes this can be done with a very small degradation in error performance. In this class of schemes, a complexity reduction of at least a factor five to ten is possible.


National and natural parks in Romania offer a large variety of recreational activities. Efficient park management implies finding equilibri um between the conservation of natural resources an d development of the infrastructure of the areas. A k ey element for the decision processes is represente d by the economic values of the parks and preferences expres sed by potential tourists. In this study, choice ex periments are used to analyze tourists' preferences towards s everal attributes of public natural areas. Results indicate that tourists have different preferences among parks. A graphical representation of the welfare measures al lows an analysis and logical interpretation of the results. Areas with karst relief and steep slopes are prefe rred as well as camping places with or without facilities.


A look at the many plans, processes, agreements and disagreements that have led the Congo to its current transition phase.


Consideration is given to the potential role of robotics and automation in space transportation systems. Automation development requirements are defined for projects in space exploration, global services, space utilization, and space transport. In each category the potential automation of ground operations, on-board spacecraft operations, and in-space handling is noted. The major developments of space robot technology are noted for the 1967-1978 period. Economic aspects of ground-operation, ground command, and mission operations are noted.


Summary The effects of caffeine sodium benzoate on glucose utilization, hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP), and oxygen consumption of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during phagocytosis were studed. The stimulation of HMP during phagocytosis was depressed when the dose of caffeine was in the range of 0.5-1.0 mg/ml. Caffeine doses of 1.0 mg/ml, or greater, depressed the HMP shunt significantly during phagocytosis; whereas the glucose utilization was affected less. The stimulation of oxygen consumption by latex particles was terminated with a caffeine dose of 0.5 mg/ml. No stimulation occurred if the same dosage was used before the addition of latex particles. Control experiments with glucose and sodium benzoate did not change the HMP shunt and glucose utilization during phagocytosis. The data presented indicate that the preferential effect of caffeine during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes is the inhibition of the direct oxidation of glucose via the HMP shunt. Caffeine inhibits the stimulation of oxygen consumption during phagocytosis.


The article is a response to the seven open peer commentaries submitted to our article "Does Consent Bias Research?" The response article discusses the following issues raised by the commentaries: (1) the definition of consent bias; (2) the magnitude of possible consent bias; (3) whether informed consent should be required for all information-based research; (4) alternative approaches to "traditional" informed consent; and (5) the value of "big data."


This paper introduces North American evangelical fitness and diet programs. These have emerged since the late 1950s and provide their followers with biblically based regimens of shaping their bodies which are considered as 'temples of the Holy Spirit.' The intention to lose weight is often conflated with notions of health and healing because overweight tends to be associated with illness. Healing the body, however, is not a merely physical endeavor, but embedded in a system of relationships wherein the body itself becomes both index and instrument of transformation. The presentation will give a few examples of these programs and then sketch the underlying 'theologies of the body.'


Alcohol abuse involves heart mass increment at the expense of epicardial fat. Epicardial fat mass and the content of intramuscular lipids are the highest in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Since epicardial fat mass increase is in direct correlation with the elevation of lipid content in the heart muscle proper, detection of a large mass of epicardial fat at autopsy permits a conclusion on myocardial obesity.


We consider accurate and efficient methods for updating the result of the transformation C = BQ, Q orthogonal, of a given matrix B when Q is available. Adding or deleting a row, or adding a column of B leads to a continuation of the original transformation, and as such is numerically stable. In particular, we discuss a wellknown method for updating when a column of B is deleted, and show that it is as numerically stable as the problem allows. The results extend to two-sided transformations of the form C = ZTBQ. The methods and analyses are independent of the form or rank of B and C, and so are widely applicable.


The detectability of sinusoids as a function of duration was measured for tones having durations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 ms and rise/fall times of 4 or 10 ms. Frequencies were selected to correspond to the peaks and valleys of each subject's detection threshold curve between 1000 and 1400 Hz [Cohen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 65, S55(A) (1979)]. Results indicate that the threshold elevation which accompanies shorter duration is substantially larger for tones at those frequencies having a lower detection threshold level for a 350‐ms tone (valleys) than it is for tones at those frequencies having a higher detection threshold level (peaks). This is explained in terms of the spread of energy which accompanies the shortening of duration. This energy spread would be expected to differentially affect detection threshold levels for peaks and for valleys. [Work supported by the University of Connecticut Research Foundation.]


ABSTRACT Spa resorts in Europe have recently faced a need to adapt to the heterogeneous market, due to the health-related demand changes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough assessment of tourists visiting spa resorts. The present study focuses primarily on Polish medical (therapeutic) spa resorts. The findings of the primary study reveal a complex approach to the profiling of spa resort tourists who were categorized into two groups regarding funding source of treatment, namely non-commercial and commercial. Primary data were obtained from 2050 tourists visiting the medical Polish spa resorts relating to the socio-demographic, behavioural and psychographic characteristics. The empirical evidence is based on a variety of statistical tools chosen according to the measurement scale for answers (metric, non-metric data). Knowing the profiles of spa resort tourists is important for local government entities and managers of spa treatment enterprises in order to develop and manage a spa resort product that meets the needs of their customers.


No objective data regarding the physical activity (PA) levels of young Turkish children currently exist. Furthermore, whether habitual PA is associated with the components of health‐related fitness among children is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns and levels of objectively measured PA in prepubertal Turkish children and its relationship with body fatness, aerobic and anaerobic fitness.


During the year all seven British Antarctic Survey stations were fully operational. Four geologists from the United States worked at South Georgia on particular problems concerning the formation of the Scotia island arc. A Japanese biologist made inshore marine studies to link with studies with other parts of the Antarctic, and a South African observer visited three stations to gain knowledge of various logistic problems. At Halley Bay a new station was constructed to replace the one crushed by ice pressure. This was a new essay in Antarctic building, the huts being erected inside steel tubes which are expected to prolong the life of the station. The first flight across the Weddell Sea was achieved by two BAS Twin Otters; this opened up possibilities for both air-supported work out of Halley Bay, and medical evacuation should this ever become necessary. During the year 101 men wintered south, of whom approximately half were scientists; all of them, together with others retained at home to write up their results, were contract staff. The maximum number employed at any one time during the year was 347.


The purpose of this presentation is to give the prosthetist a better understanding of the requirements needed to establish an external power prosthetic practice. Patient census, equipment, personnel, components, education/aaining, communication, and finances will all be discussed An adequate number of arm amputees on an annualbasis are necessary to maintain your proficiency,. A substantial financial outlay is needed for staff education, evaluation and trouble-shooting equipment, and components. But what makes the whole thing work is enthusiasm and patience on the part of all the members of the amputation rehabilitation team With my background as a research pi osthetist at Northwestern University, Ihad developed a good understanding of what an externally powered prosthesis can do. I firmly believe that a myoelectric prosthesis for the unilateral below elbow amputee is even more functional than a cable prosthesis. It certainly is more cosmetic and comfortable, With the pediatric case, you're dealing with something which makes the condition more acceptable to the parents, to the siblings, and to the other children, Ifyou are not seeing, on an average, nine new or return arm amputees on an annual basis you obably don't have the patient volume to warrant the expense of getting into upper extremitypowered osthetics. With fewer patients you would be doing a disservice You may not have the components available for them or repair parts available for them The acceptance rate of upper limb amputees is reduced much more than it is for lower extaernity amputees. This is do in part because of nothaving enough follow tin ough, carry over anddependability of the prosthetic components,. When the nuisance factor exceeds the benefit of wearing a prosthesis, the patient is going to discontinue using it Training is probably the next area that you have to consider for your involvement Fir st off, you need to have training in basic electronics: how to solder wires together, how to trace circuits, how to evaluate whether there is a short circuit or not Second you want to get involved with myoelectric theory,. Pr obably the best place to learn that is in a very intensive process with the University of New Brunswick Myoelectric Course (I) that runs every Fall. It deals with myoelectric training. I highly recommend it not only for the pro sthetist, but also for the therapy staff. Prosthetic fabrication training is also necessary, and this is probably achieved by dealing with the manufacturers. A prosthetist knows how to fabricate a prosthesis, but it's the idiosyncrasies of each individual component from the different manufacturers that makes the special training necessary. The decision I made is that I had to invest in training for my staff Otto Bock (2) probably has the best course for an overall approach for technical training for your staff If your organization does not have the backup of allied health personnel (OTRT), you won't be 90 From "MEC 95," Proceedings of the 1995 MyoElectric Controls/Powered Prosthetics Symposium Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada: August, 1995. Copyright University of New Brunswick.


This article explains the knowledge properties for characterization and research outcomes. It deals with developing and integrating the Hadoop cloud computing platform. The platform utilized in this paper is a one-piece learning algorithm, a statistical model and a cloud-based selection model. Hadoop supports this model, which is suitable for data size computing. We develop Cloud Computing integrated Autocorrelation Function (CCiACF) computation model based on Hadoop learning and implement an efficient teaching platform research data processing and correlation system. Multiple simulations are conducted on the Hadoop platform under various operating conditions to check the training ability's exactness and characteristics. The Spark Structure of this research is to successfully and effectively develop computational system performance and improve teaching platform research models using Hadoop based cloud computing. Various experimental studies have been performed, and findings indicate that the method proposed is highly successful in data collection, governance and analysis.


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The relationship between auxin destruction and stem internode elongation was investigated in the vines of the Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil Choisy). In young plants an age-dependent gradient was demonstrated in which the decreasing rate of elongation of older internodes correlated with an increasing ability of such tissue to destroy indoleacetic acid. Fragments of tissue from old internodes when incubated with indoleacetic acid (IAA), destroyed the hormone immediately and rapidly; in contrast, young, rapidly elongating internode tissue destroyed IAA only after a lag of several hours. In older plants the gradient was more erratic towards the middle of the plant but old and young tissue behaved as in young plants, i.e., old internodes destroyed IAA rapidly whereas young internodes did not. It appears reasonable to conclude that cessation of elongation in maturing internodes is brought about by developing an internal environment in which auxin is rapidly destroyed.