The article examines the nature of interaction between the CMEA countries and the reasons for the low efficiency of cooperation through the CMEA on the example of many years of attempts to expand the import of phosphorites from developing countries. Based on the newly introduced archival materials of the working group on phosphorites, the article traces the prerequisites for its emergence, as well as the directions and results of the group's work in the 1970s. CMEA countries ways of action in this working group can be classified into three models of behavior: collectivist, paternalistic and egoistic, of which the last one turned out to be the most successful. In accordance with the "prisoner's dilemma" in the absence of punishments for opportunistic behavior, such strategy is rational. Polish delegation proposed to create a specialized international foreign trade society. However, the traditional CMEA format of multilateral approvals was in favor, which meant a sharp decrease in the likelihood of success of cooperative undertakings. The approval process was divided into several independent events (collection of product requirements, commitments for the supply of equipment and financing, preparation by the host country of a feasibility study (FS) for a facility and its approval by a developing country, obtaining contracts and distribution of subcontracts), for each of which required separate approval, which could be revised in the future. This created a high degree of uncertainty, which exceeded the collective interest of the participating countries and pushed them onto the path of self-sufficiency in phosphorites outside the CMEA framework. The author concludes that the low efficiency of cooperation through the CMEA was predetermined in the institutional design of this organization: the non-binding nature of participation and the absence of sanctions against participants demonstrating opportunistic behavior.


Grain sorghum (1.8 acres) was planted 19 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. Twelve rows of mixed-hybrid sorghums of varying maturity ranges were planted prior to and adjacent to the test plot to increase abundance of sorghum midge during anthesis of sorghum panicles in the test plots. Five insecticide treatments and an untreated check were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Experimental plots were 8 rows wide and 80 ft long. Applications were made to the middle 6 rows with a high-clearance self-propelled sprayer. Insecticide applications began when 30-40% of the panicles were flowering and when average adult midge density was 0.7 midges/panicle. Treatments were applied 24 and 30 Jul and 4 Aug. Adult midge density was determined 1 day prior to application of insecticide treatments. Sampling consisted of securing and collecting individual sorghum panicles in plastic bags. Samples were examined in the laboratory and midges were counted. Prior to the first insecticide application, midge density was determined from sampling 25 randomly selected panicles/replication. On the 2 subsequent sampling days, 5 panicles were sampled from each treatment plot. Visual estimates of the percentage of midge-damaged spikelets were made by 4 independent observers, with each observer rating 10 randomly selected panicles/plot. Panicles were hand harvested from 2, 2-m sections of treated row/plot. The harvested sorghum panicles were threshed, and the grain was weighed. Data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures.


The main factors in the synthesis of layered zirconium phosphate phenylphosphonate Zr(PO 4H) 2- n (PO 3Ph) n were investigated. At F -/Zr 4+ =12 and H 3PO 4/Zr 4+ =20, a series of homogeneous Zr(PO 4H) 2- n (PO 3Ph) n ( n =0 ̄2) were synthesized by changing the amount of phenylphosphonic acid. The crystals are thermally stable below 400 ℃. The phenyl groups in the layered structure can be sulfonated almost quantitatively. The sulfonated products Zr(PO 4H) 2- n (PO 3PhSO 3H) n have abundant acidic sites and they are also stable below 300 ℃.


The second edition of the Republic of Kazakhstan State Pharmacopoeia (RKSP 2.0) is the practical implementation of the principles of continuous development, harmonization and updating. Features of RKSP harmonization with the leading pharmacopoeias of the world (European Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopeia) determine the structure of its chapters and monographs, as well as used types and mechanisms of harmonization. The article reflects the changes made in general chapters and monographs of the Volume I of the RKSP 2.0 and which will be included in specific monographs of the Volume II of the RKSP 2.0.


In writing the overture to an issue on contribution financed social security one cannot but speak of Bismarck; it must also address Beveridge who saw contributions, although in their design and role clearly differently from Bismarck, as one core revenue tool to finance his vision. Beveridge attributed to the private financial sector a prominent role in securing people against the negative effects on income of shocks and crises, while Bismarck did not. Beveridge's concept, when first published, had, and still has today, the most attractive charm of rigorously satisfying peoples' striving for equitable and inclusive societal solutions. Bismarck's concept intrinsically offers income security only to those who contribute, while the level of protection depends on the level of contributions paid (with the exception of health insurance). In reality, both concepts, where implemented, had to face the realities of socio-economic and political developments: Beveridge's vision was achieved in respect of access to health services where his proposal, in its predominantly tax-financed version, has since turned into a worldwide blueprint for health schemes; in its other components, it was not resilient enough to achieve the intended standards and now is replete with means-tested (poor relief) elements. Bismarck's scheme has proven its potential to achieve "universality", not necessarily by theoretical design but as a matter of fact, i.e. covering people from cradle to grave (like Beveridgean schemes). With globalization, schemes of both origins have had to face massive neoliberal attacks over the last three decades. Which of the approaches is best able to survive must be left an open question: in the current worldwide context of rapid change, both have weak and strong points, and whether a symbiosis of the two offers the answer to future challenges remains to be seen.


The "emergent crisis" is a frequent and important problem in contemporary society. The management of crisis, that is, efforts to prevent, control and resolve a crisis, is not only a political, economic or military matter, but also a language matter. In essence a social crisis largely arises from benefit; however, the direct expression of a conflict, in a relatively balanced situation, tends to be face (sensibilities) instead of benefits. In a political crisis material gain and loss and the multitude of a beneficial group may have a relation of numerator to denominator. Once the amount of gain or loss is determined, the larger the base of a beneficial group is, the less the loss that the public experiences is. The relationship between the gain or loss of face and a beneficial group is the one between multiplier and multiplicand . Once the gain or loss of face is determined, the larger the base of the multitude is, the larger the gain or loss that the public experiences is. In a sense a face matter is just a language matter. It means that the solution of every conflict can not be separated from its proper orientation and any orientation of a conflict can not be separated from language, that language action is the most economic of all actions dealing with a conflict, and that in order to acquire sufficient face the solution of any conflict can not be separated from an effective language description. The pragmatic issue in the management of crisis can be generalized into three W' s: Who, When, and What. As a result, we may have: (1) the principle of "preface", (2) the principle of speech right, (3) the principle of time, (4) the appropriately extremist principle, (5) the principle of clarity, and (6) the principle of difference.


The processing of multiple data sets from different NDT vendors and systems can be challenging. Accessing the data requires dealing with different and often proprietary data formats. In addition to that the correct spatial alignment requires knowledge and information about the acquisition system and must consider different approaches for markers and reference coordinate systems. The key features of NDE 4.0 and digital twin concepts are storage and interoperability with standard data formats. In this example data from thermography, manual ultrasonic testing and immersion ultrasonic testing are considered. For established devices multiple tools exist for the conversion of data into image-based formats. However, besides the lack of spatial alignment there is a need to access the raw data for further processing. In medical and CT-like applications the DICOM format has become a widely used exchange format. Its derivative DICONDE transfers this into the field of NDT. This study demonstrates the use of this format for data processing from multiple NDT methods and addresses issues related to interoperability and the integration of less structured data from inspections.


Rural cadres are among the main forces in carrying out the urbanization of the countryside. Investigation and research into the urbanization process of the rural areas of Jiangsu indicates obvious regional differences in the wishes of rural cadres from Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu in this process. Economy plays a major role in such differences. We must find solutions to the contradictions by means of arrangement through system.


Synergetic aspects of companies and community groups' development through the approach to PR project and program management in conditions of instability and crises are revealed. Extended conceptual model of forming PR program in times of instability and crises basing on synergetic ideas.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of two different starting doses of transurethral alprostadil (250 µg and 500 µg, MUSE®, Vivus Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA, and Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje, Sweden) and the need for dose titration in a general population with erectile dysfunction.


Ant-colony optimization algorithm(ACO) has been successfully applied to the optimization field,especially to combinatorial optimization problems.However,it may encounter premature convergence or costs an excessively long computation-time.To overcome these shortcomings,we present an improved ACO algorithm.This algorithm incorporates a random selection-strategy into the typical state transition rule,for ensuring its exploration ability.Meanwhile,the algorithm maintains a good-solution pool and alternately uses the optimal solution or the sub-optimal solution from the pool to update the pheromone.Thus,the intensification and the diversification of search are balanced.We also discuss the settings of related parameters,and analyze the computational complexity and convergence of the proposed algorithm.Additionally,simulation experiment is performed on typical traveling salesman problems.The results demonstrate that this algorithm generates higher quality solutions than existing algorithms.


The study of ethical leadership involving corporate leaders has gained importance in recent years. This research investigated the link between ethical leadership and performance using data from the medical center in Taiwan. Drawing on person–environment fit theory, we examined the mediating roles of person– group fit and person–job fit in the relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement. A convenience sampling was used to collect 447 valid questionnaires, and structural equation modeling was used for analysis and testing. Results revealed that ethical leadership is positively related to work engagement. Further, P–G fit and P–J fit mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement. Finally, implications for theory and practice are discussed. Key-Words: ethical leadership, person–group fit, person–job fit, work engagement Received: May 17, 2020. Revised: July 1, 2020. Accepted: July 8, 2020. Published: July 9, 2020.


Progress is summarized on four projects in the area of LNG safety: (1) Rapid phase transformations in cryogens. An apparatus is described for experiments in which LNG will suddenly be subjected to a shock wave delivered from above. It is anticipated that cessation of boiling, followed by a very rapid delayed phase transformation, may occur. (2) Rollover phenomena. An apparatus is described for experiments which will examine the rates of heat and mass transfer across a density stabilized interface between two miscible strata. Preliminary data show that the apparatus is capable of producing data of the required accuracy. (3) Simultaneous boiling and spreading of cryogenic liquids. An apparatus is described for a study of the subject topic. Data obtained in this apparatus for the case of spreading without boiling are given and are shown to agree with available theories. (4) Modelling of LNG tank dynamics. A vessel containing saturated liquid nitrogen has been subjected to a variety of step changes in the imposed pressure in order to simulate experimentally the events which occur when an LNG tank is subjected to variations in atmospheric pressure. The results are compared with a mathematical model of tank behavior.


We study in this paper a half-space linear elasticity model for surface displacements caused by slip along underground faults. We prove uniqueness of the fault location and (piecewise-planar) geometry and of the slip field for a given surface displacement field. We then introduce a reconstruction algorithm for the realistic case where only a finite number of surface measurements are available. After showing how this algorithm performs on simulated data and assessing the effect of noise, we apply it to measured data. The data were recorded during slow slip events in Guerrero, Mexico. Since this is a well studied subduction zone, it is possible to compare our inferred fault geometry to other reconstructions (obtained using different techniques) found in the literature.


In this paper, the concepts of countable presemi-compactness and presemi-Lindelof property in L-topological spaces are introduced. They are defined for arbitrary L-subsets, and some of their characteristic properties and fundamental properties are studied.


Objective To investigate the imaging features and diagnostic value of X-ray, MRI and SPECT in the early stage of children with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD). Methods A total of 18 children in early stages of KBD were selected by hands Xray screening from the hit area of Rangtang county, Sichuan province. Everyone was examined with MRI and SPEPCT examination. The radiographs were read by 10 specialists to diagnose and compare the performance of the X-ray. Results The abnormalities of children in the X-ray could be clearly presented in the MRI, expressed as metaphyseal provisional calcification zone partial interlinked with epiphyses, cone-shaped epiphysis, depression and interruption of metaphyseal provisional calcification zone. MRI also observed the micro morphological changes which could not be displayed in X-ray, such as epiphyseal line interrupt, uneven, thinning, signal intensity changes and lots of intermediate or hyperintensity from epiphyseal plate extends into the phalanx in the metaphysic. There was no definite exception in SPECT and the radionuclide uptake ratio of hands. Conclusion MRI can not only present the same, even more subtle abnormalities in terms of morphology than Xray, but also provide pathophysiological information of cartilage tissue structural changes by signal intensity changes in cartilage.So, MRI has important value in early diagnosis of children KBD, while the value of SPECT technology is little.


Anterior (sacral) meningocele associated with Marfan's syndrome is regarded as dural ectasia resulting from the basic connective tissue weakness. Transabdominal excision is probably the best treatment.


This paper expounds the functions of the visual communication in the homepage design, analyzes the aesthetic requirements of the mass in the visual communication, and puts forward the compiling and designing methods of each modeling element in the visual communication.


Objective To define the concrete contents,and to set up the financial investment amount of community public health service(CPHS) in Futian District of Shenzhen City so as to lay a basis for set-up and improvement of compensation mechanism of CPHS.Methods Basing on the cost accounting of CPHS items and combining the population feature of Shenzhen,the contents of CPHS package under deferent criteria of financial investment were defined from different angles of population estimate.And the financial gap of pure CPHS package was quantitatively estimated.Results In the standard financial investment from the government in 2004,the contents of type A service package included 16 items of CPHS,and type B service package covered all the 39 items of CPHS and the first 6 items of quasi-CPHS.In the actual financial investment from the government in 2004,the contents of type A service package only included the first 10 items of CPHS,and type B service package only included the first 15.5 items of CPHS and the first 6 items of quasi-CPHS.In 2004 the financial defect of type A pure CPHS package in Futian district was RMB 74 887 800 yuan,and that of type B pure CPHS package was RMB 17 853 600 yuan.Conclusion The governmental investment to the programs of basic CPHS should be enlarged.A special funds for CPHS needs to be set up to guarantee the governmental fanatical subsidy in place.The charge criteria and price system in CPHS should be established and improved so as to get a virtuous compensation mechanism of CPHS.


This study presents some of the most important theories about competition, its mechanism, its role, and its effects.The sequential competition makes a huge difference among strategic economic interactions, characterised by oligopolist competition, on the chain supply markets.It is presented as a form of networking, as a widespread game where competitors play different roles and each one of them follows the other. Inside competition struggle, equilibrium is depending on the utility.In this extensive game competitors play different roles and each one of them is subsequent to the next one.The attempt to explain the mechanism of competition must be understood through different theories of the past.The purpose of this study is making a comparison between competition theories of important economic authors, and also to try to establish wich model would be the best.As stages, I have tried to define competition, and then configure the role of competition according to market determinants.The competitive perspective depends on the theoretical approach that we apply to the market, and therefore on the competitive theory chosen for criticism. The research also has a hystorical perspective upon competition developement.


In this paper, we present a systematic framework to derive a Lagrangian scheme for general diffusion equations in multiple spatial dimensions by employing a discrete energetic variational approach. Such discrete energetic variational approaches are analogous to energetic variational approaches in a semidiscrete level, which provide a basis of deriving the "semi-discrete equations" and can be applied to a large class of partial differential equations with energy-dissipation laws and the kinematic relations. The numerical schemes derived by this framework can inherit various properties from the continuous energy-dissipation law, such as conservation of mass and the dissipation of the discrete energy. As an illustration, we develop two numerical schemes for the multidimensional porous medium equations (PME), based on two different energy-dissipation laws. We focus on the numerical scheme based on the energy-dissipation law with $\frac{1}{2} \int_{\Omega} |\mathbf{u}|^2 \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x}$ as the dissipation. Several numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy of this scheme as well as its ability in capturing the free boundary and estimating the waiting time for the PME in both 1D and 2D.


Significant challenges are posed in the design of routers and switches by the explosive growth of internet traffic and the stringent requirements for high availability in the research area of computer networks. Ensuring both high performance and system availability is crucial. To achieve this, recent advancements have turned to the utilization of non-volatile memories, such as magnetic RAM (MRAM) and phase-change memory (PCM), in routing lookup tables and packet buffers of routers and switches. However, the use of non-volatile memories show limitations in scaling with respect to bandwidth and capacity. With the increasing clock speed of the IO bus, high-capacity memories like PCM exhibit limited scalability in performance since accessing the cells in the array does not show significant improvement. Meanwhile, attempts to enhance the capacity of low-access-latency non-volatile memories like spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) through smaller cell sizes result in an adverse impact on the write time. The goal of this study is to design a packet buffer that can provide high bandwidth and ensure high availability. To achieve this, a multi-retention time MRAM-based packet buffer is presented, along with a packet mapping method, which aims to overcome the scalability challenge while ensuring high availability. The two-tier packet buffer (TT-PB) structure implements a small/fast MRAM combined with a large/slow MRAM, which outperforms the baseline MRAM/PCM hybrid memory-based packet buffer by up to 16% and 58% for 1.6 and 3.2 GHz IO bus clocks. For input, internet-mix packet traffic is utilized to depict realistic internet traffic. Moreover, the proposed latency-aware multi-retention time MRAM-based packet buffer structure (MR-PB) consists of short and long retention time MRAM partitions. It identifies the buffering latency demands of various packets and writes the packets into partitions that have sufficient retention time to accommodate the required buffering latencies, thereby achieving an optimal write latency for each packet. With this scheme, an additional speedup of up to 5.27% is achieved over TT-PB.


The principles and methods of a controlling system based on microcontroller applied for the image Lidar are introduced in this paper and described the realizing approaches of both the hardware and software in particularly. The PIC16F877 single chip mi-crocomputer is used as the kernel component of this system and the other parts are programmable delayer, pulse width generator and control circuit etc. which enable the detection of echo from differential layer of the image Lidar.


The English version of this article is prepared for online access only. A 40-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe headache, clouded consciousness, palpitation, and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 210/110 mmHg, rhythmic heart sound and a heart rate of 87 beats/min. A 3/6 systolic murmur was heard at the apex, while a 2/4 diastolic murmur was heard at the pulmonary focus. Basal lung sounds were found to be reduced. Sclerotic lesions were observed on both hands and on the face of the patient, and erythematous lesions on her nose. Bullous keratopathy was noticed in the eyes. The patient complained of increasing difficulty in swallowing for the past three years. She was admitted to the cardiology intensive care unit for follow-up due to the diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Neurologic consultation was performed and recommendations from the Neurology Department were included in her therapy. The patient's consciousness increasingly improved with antihypertensive therapy. Her x-ray revealed hilar fullness and strain findings at the base of the lungs, while the area consistent with the pulmonary artery was observed to be dilated (Figure A). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a hypertrophic left ventricle, normal systolic functions, mild mitral regurgitation, 3rd degree tricuspid regurgitation, and a pulmonary artery pressure of 75 mmHg. The interatrial septum was found to be aneurysmatic, while the interventricular and interatrial septum found to be were displaced to the left. The right ventricular diameter was 4.8 cm, while the pulmonary artery was measured as 6.3 cm at the widest point and evaluated as aneurysmatic, and a-2nd degree pulmonary regurgitation was observed (Figure B). A thoracic computed tomography performed for detailed evaluation of the pulmonary artery showed pulmonary diameter of 6.5 cm at the widest point (Figure C), and the lung findings were suggested to be an involvement consistent with a collagenous tissue disease. Analysis of autoimmune and serologic markers demonstrated antinuclear antibody (ANA) IFAT as positive, the ANA subgroup antiribonucleoprotein (RNP) as positive, rheumatoid factor as 260 IU/ml, while the CRP (sensitive) was measured as 101 mg/dl. Treatment with iloprost was initiated for the medical treatment-resistant pulmonary hypertension. The patient was discharged with medical therapy and regular follow-up schedule. Mikst ba¤ dokusu hastal›¤› olan bir olguda dev pulmoner arter anevrizmas› Giant pulmonary artery aneurysm in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease


Mysuru, Chandigarh, and Tiruchirapalli have come top—while Itanagar, Asansol, and Dhanbad have finished last—in a survey1 that ranked 73 Indian cities on cleanliness and sanitation.

The survey, Swachh Survekshan (Clean Survey) 2016, is part of a programme to improve the cleanliness of Indian cities. Led by the Quality Council of India, a joint organisation representing the Indian government and three industry associations, teams of trained assessors visited state capitals and cities …


This paper offers a consideration of culture and the way it informs health and education policy in Northern Territory settings concerned with 'closing the gap' in services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The authors argue that culture is drawn upon to construct essentialist or binary relationships and is in turn, mediated by a 'glossed over' cross cultural, or cultural sensitivity approach to education in the fields of Indigenous education and health. Sociology offers a framework for negotiating practice in the gap between ideology and identity. Both authors bring their New Zealand research and practice experience to this analysis as they do to their work in these fields, first in New Zealand and now in the Northern Territory; drawing upon the Treaty of Waitangi, difference, cultural safety and cultural sensitivity approaches to education to argue their position.


C. V. G. Vallabhan has established an efficient iterative procedure to solve the Von Karman nonlinear plate equations using finite difference method for a rectangular plate. Here the method is extended for dynamic analysis of window glass subjected to transient pressure loading. The dynamic nonlinear von Karman equations are solved using finite difference method in space and Newmark beta method in time. An iterative procedure is used to achieve convergence of the solution of the nonlinear equations. For a model square glass plate subjected to triangular pulse loading, displacements, velocities, and accelerations are calculated and presented. Global maximum principal tensile stresses are computed and discussed.


The present invention relates to a bolt element and in particular a welding bolt element which is suitable using a welding process to be connected to a workpiece, wherein a welding surface of the pin member head of the bolt element has at least one internal projection and at least one outer protrusion extending from the welding surface away , wherein the outer projection is circumferentially disposed about the inner lead. Further, the present invention relates to a welding method and particularly to an arc stud welding method for joining the aforementioned bolt element with a workpiece.


Feline hypereosinophilic syndrome is a condition that occurs infrequently and is characterized by a persistent mature peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of multiple organs. The condition responds poorly to chemotherapeutic agents. This report details a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome in a cat with an unusual presentation. This cat had a healthy appetite throughout the course of its disease; all previous cases have been reported as having anorexia as a clinical finding.


Ecologically-motivated authoritarianism flourished initially during the 1970s but largely disappeared after the decline of socialism in the late-1980s. Today, 'eco-authoritarianism' is beginning to reassert itself, this time modelled not after the Soviet Union but modern-day China. The new eco-authoritarians denounce central planning but still suggest that governments should be granted powers that free them from subordination to citizens' rights or democratic procedures. I argue that current eco-authoritarian views do not present us with an attractive alternative to market liberal democracy even if we take a highly pessimistic view of our shared prospects under the latter sort of regime.


Diffuse reflectance FTIR method for determination of paracetamol in compound paracetamol and amantadine hydrochloride tablets was presented. The relationship between the absorbance and the concentration within 10% of the tested sample was linear. The average recovery was 100.0%, and RSD was 1.14%.


One plant has been put into production for 5 years, the grounding still works well. The method of this grounding was analyzed by using modern theory in this article. The improvement was, then, proposed.


We report the femtosecond (fs) laser fabrication of biomimetic omnidirectional iridescent metallic surfaces exhibiting efficient diffraction for practically any angle of light incidence. Such diffractive behavior is realized by means of mul-ti-directional low-spatial-frequency, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LSFL) formed upon exploiting the cylindrical symmetry of a cylindrical vector (CV) fs field. We particularly demonstrate that the multi-directional gratings formed on stainless steel surface by a radially polarized fs beam, could mimic the omnidirectional structural coloration properties found in some natural species. Accordingly, the fabricated grating structures can spatially disperse the incident light into individual wavelength with high efficiency, exhibiting structural iridescence at all viewing angles. Analytical calculations using the grating equation reproduced the characteristic variation of the vivid colors observed as a function of incident angle. We envisage that our results will significantly contribute to the development of new photonic and light sensing devices.


This study was to examine whether grinding of an insoluble fertilizer to different degrees of fineness produced a limit below which further grinding did not accelerate solution of the particles. Such a limit was indeed found. Below 30 mmu* the distribution of the particles became very uneven because individual particles tended increasingly to stick together. Mixing fine particles with coarser ones could improve the situation, but the percentage of coarse particles should not be too high. Grinding natural phosphates to colloidal fineness was useless, since the colloidal state was lost during drying of the product. The smaller particles tended to aggregate thus preventing uniform distribution throughout the soil. The availability of P in natural phosphates improved with the physiologically acid reaction of N fertilizers such as NH 4 HCO 3 and NH 4 NO 3 . A first requirement for rapid absorption of P from natural phosphates was a low concentration of Ca 2+ .


Introduction: Pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation has been associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic responses which can be attenuated by alpha 2 receptor agonists. Aims: The present study aimed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation and also on the induction dose of propofol. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled study in tertiary care hospital. A total of 50 patients aged 18–60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiology 1 and 2, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia (GA). Each patient in Group 1 received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine at 0.001 mg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia and Group 2 received 20 ml normal saline over 10 min. Hemodynamic parameters prior to laryngoscopy and up to 10 min after intubation were measured. The requirement of induction dose of propofol was also calculated. Results: Dexmedetomidine showed significant efficacy in suppressing pressor response during endotracheal intubation. Furthermore, lesser dose of propofol was required for induction of GA. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant in GA to prevent pressor response during intubation and decrease the requirement of intravenous induction agent propofol.


Without doubt one of the big issues of our time is how to deal with violence inspired by religion. Underlying this is the thorny issue of understanding the connection between religion and violence.


PurposePoverty alleviation has been a major theme of China's modernization process since the founding of New China. This paper points out that China's poverty alleviation process presents three stylized facts: "Miraculous" achievements of poverty alleviation have been made on a global scale; the poverty alleviation achievements mainly occurred in the high growth stage after reform and opening up; the poverty alleviation process is accompanied by the structural transformation of the urban–rural dual economy.Design/methodology/approachTherefore, a logically consistent analytical framework should form among the structural transformation of the dual economy, economic growth and the achievements in poverty alleviation. In logical deduction, the structural transformation of the dual economy affects rural poverty alleviation through the effects of labor reallocation, agricultural productivity improvement, demographic change and fiscal resource allocation.FindingsThe first two refer to economic growth, and the latter two are alleviation policies. The combination of economic growth and poverty alleviation policies is the main cause for poverty alleviation performance. China's empirical evidence can support the four effects by which the structural transformation of the dual economy affects poverty alleviation.Originality/valueChina's socialist system and its economic system transformation after reform and opening up provide an institutional basis for the effects to come into play. After 2020, China's poverty alleviation strategies will enter the "second-half" phase, namely, the phase of solving the problems of relative poverty in urban and rural areas by adopting conventional methods and establishing long-term mechanisms. This requires the facilitation of the reconnection between poverty alleviation strategies and the structural transformation of the dual economy in terms of development ideas and policy directions.


The performance of breast cancer risk models for women with a family history but negative BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation test results is uncertain. We calculated the cumulative 10-year invasive breast cancer risk at cohort entry for 14,657 unaffected women (96.1% had an affected relative) not known to carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations at baseline using three pedigree-based models (BOADICEA, BRCAPRO and IBIS). During follow-up, 482 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Mutation testing was conducted independent of incident cancers. All models under-predicted risk by 26.3-56.7% for women who tested negative but whose relatives had not been tested (N = 1,363; 63 breast cancers). While replication studies with larger sample sizes are needed, until these models are re-calibrated for women who test negative and have no relatives tested, caution should be used when considering changing the breast cancer risk management intensity of such women based on risk estimates from these models.


Shock wave velocities in porous iron with initial average density 6.904g/cm 3 were measured using electric pin method in the pressure range of 80 to 160GPa.The experimental results indicate that the dynamic compressive properties of this porous iron can be described using a linear relation between the shock wave velocity D and the particle velocity u p,i.e., D =2.997+1.603 u p(km/s).The results are in good agreement with LASL data and the value predicted by Wu Jing theory.


To enhance the conductivity of cathode materials, we propose a surface modification of Li1.03(Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04)O2 (NCM) cathode materials with a high ionic conductor (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7[PO4]3, LATP) and a high electronic conductor (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs). In this study, a lithium‐ion conductor with a structure similar to NASICON was successfully synthesized via a modified Pechini method. For the surface modification, a prepared nanosized LATP and a commercial Ni‐rich NCM (Ni ≥80%) were combined by grinding them together. LATP‐coated Ni‐rich NCM exhibits a high diffusion level (2.144 × 10−6 cm2∙s−1) in the voltage range of 2.8 to 4.35 V at 25°C owing to increased ionic conductivity. Subsequently, MWCNTs, which are electrically conducting, are coated onto the LATP‐coated Ni‐rich NCM via a wet process. The electrochemical performance of the MWCNT/LATP dual‐coated Ni‐rich NCM was evaluated at 25°C and 45°C. The results demonstrate that the dual‐coated Ni‐rich NCM cathode materials exhibit a high discharge capacity, adequate rate capability, and stable cycling performance.


Play and movement are at the very center of young children's lives. Allowing the children to experience the natural and man-made elements in their living environments would generate cognitive, physical and social skills and developments. Children do not discriminate between playing and learning; to them both activities are attained in same time and space. To them natural forces such as rain and wind, natural features such as vegetation, animals and landform, and man-made elements such as building and road are ubiquitous elements in their living environments. Through play with the elements they learn to perceive their benefits or adversities. They learn through three modes of learning which are cognitive, affective and evaluative from the landscapes, either natural or nurtured. Such involvement would generate physiological and psychological well-being to them. This paper explains a conceptual framework on landscape for children to play and learn in direct mean rather than vicarious way. The landscape is described as an ecological dynamic entity that develops the cognitive, physical and social functioning of the children. In conclusion, it is important to design and develop landscapes for children that stimulate their senses, provide feedbacks and afford functional meanings to their cognitive, social and physical skills.


Purpose – Recent research into communities of practice (CoPs) has focused on large organizations, suggesting they can be constructed for the purposes of knowledge acquisition and innovation. The study provides evidence that for small science-based firms CoPs are more likely to emerge unplanned to support incremental innovation in the form of problem solving activities. Design/methodology/approach – Thematic template analysis was used to analyze 25 in-depth interviews conducted with a range of employees in science-based SMEs. Findings – Analysis of the interview data from a case study of seven science-based SMEs provides evidence that both intra and inter-organizational CoPs were leveraged for a variety of purposes, including the acquisition of knowledge and improving firm's ability to generate innovative solutions. Research limitations/implications - Whilst there cannot be any claim of 'representativeness' of the sample in relation to the wider population of science-based firms, the authors do maintain that the new empirical material has made a contribution to a research area which has been dominated, especially in recent years, by a focus upon large organizations that have adopted a managerialist orientation. Originality/value - The challenges of understanding the role of CoPs in science-based SMEs and the factors that influence their success, or otherwise, have not been sufficiently investigated and have received little attention in the extant literature. Hence, this paper makes an original contribution to this body of knowledge.


Proposes a conceptual framework for a systematic approach to improving the success of capital project delivery. The Architectural, Engineering, Construction (AEC) community lacks a coherent, transferable conceptual framework for project delivery. This absence prevents deep learning within any given project, as there is no universal concept of perfect project delivery against which to measure the actual delivery. It also prevents meaningful learning about project delivery across projects due to the absence of a common approach in the analysis of project delivery that works for all projects regardless of type, location or context. Together these absences severely limit the extent and speed of learning regarding project delivery across the AEC community. This paper proposes a four-phase concept of project delivery that aligns with the "V" diagram from systems engineering. This concept can be used to analyse project delivery on all actual projects, and can be used to describe the ideal state of perfect project delivery. Then, by comparing actual project delivery to perfect project delivery, strategies to move the actual toward the perfect can be formulated and actioned. APPROACH A taskforce of owners, designers, builders, academics and specialty consultants with extensive experience of complex AEC projects that employ best practices such as Stakeholder Value Definition, Target Value Design (TVD), Choosing By Advantages (CBA), Lean Design, Last Planner®, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Modelbased Estimating, Lean Construction and Line of Balance (LOB) Production, pooled their knowledge in a year-long series of workshops to develop the content of this paper. 1 Senior Regional Program Manager, Sutter Health – Facility & Property Services, Sacramento, California USA, email@example.com 2 Regional Design Manager, Skanska USA Building, Oakland, California USA, firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Director of Ghafari Management Services, Dearborn. Michigan USA, firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Director of Virtual Design and Construction, Suffolk Construction, San Francisco, California USA, email@example.com 5 Vice President, Gehry Technologies, Los Angeles, California USA, firstname.lastname@example.com 6 Co-Founder, Aditazz Inc., San Bruno, California USA, email@example.com 7 Research Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, 214 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California USA, email@example.com Digby Christian, Jason Bredbury, Samir Emdanat, Frank Haase, Alex Kunz, Zigmund Rubel and Glenn Ballard 270 Proceedings IGLC-22, June 2014 | Oslo, Norway


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of organisational agility on environmental knowledge as an instrument for the successful development of eco-innovation in products.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data on the study variables from a sample of 184 Spanish manufacturing organisations. Structural equations with partial least squares were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Organisational agility is significantly linked to internal and external environmental knowledge. The results of this study highlight the effect of external knowledge on the success of eco-innovation. Internal environmental knowledge positively moderates the effect of external knowledge on the success of green products.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the dynamic capabilities approach, a theoretical model has been proposed in which organisational agility is configured as an effective capacity for the development of environmental knowledge. The results confirm this relationship and indicate that, although internal environmental knowledge is not decisive in developing new green products, it does enhance the effect of external knowledge on the success of eco-innovation.

Practical implications
Innovative companies must implement organisational agility practices that promote environmental knowledge for the success of new green products. They should also promote both external and internal knowledge.

Originality/value
This study addresses the little explored area of the relationship between organisational agility and the successful development of new green products. The inherent particularities of eco-innovation prompt the need for further studies on the creation of specific knowledge for its promotion. This study concludes that adopting agile practices enables key environmental knowledge for this type of innovation to be created. Additionally, it explores the tensions arising from the dichotomy between internal and external knowledge, with scarce resources allocated to the most effective source. Although both types of knowledge seem to be equally relevant, external knowledge plays a more significant role in the case of eco-innovation. A final contribution of this study is the finding that internal knowledge can further enhance the effect of external knowledge on the development of successful green products.


The cause of energy loss for large electro-hydraulic servo system was anaylzed,some methods for preventing the energy loss were introduced.


With the unique feature in the idea and management of General Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong provides some valuable experiences and inspirations for pushing forward education reform of mainland universities. The pattern of General Education of Chinese University of Hong Kong has shown some systemic characteristics(such as distinct holistic and relevance). Standing on the perspective of systems thinking, we can find some unique advantages of the pattern of General Education of Chinese University of Hong Kong.


In the present study dried leaves of A.squamosa were subjected to exhaustive sequential solvent extraction by using n-Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol and Distill water respectively. All four fractions were studied for in vitro licicidal activity against Goatlice Damalinia caprae at concentrations 0.1, 1 and 10% w/w. Methanol and aqueous fractions not showed the activity. Licicidal activity of n-Hexane and Chloroform fractions at concentration 10% w/w was found comparable to Lindane 1%solution. The study confirmed that A. squamosa leaves have licicidal activity and the active constituents are predominately soluble in n-Hexane.


This paper tackles a number of issues that are central to cross-country comparisons of productivity. We develop a "dual" method to compare levels of total factor productivity (TFP) across nations that relies on factor price data rather than the data on stocks offactors required by standard "primal" estimates. Consistent with the development accounting literature based on primal estimates, we find that TFP accounts for much of the differences in income per worker across countries. However, we also find that there are significant differences between TFP series calculated using the two approaches. We trace the reason for this divergence to inconsistencies between the data on user costs of capital and physical stocks of capital. In addition, we establish that the standard Cobb-Douglas methodology of assuming a constant capital share of one-third for all countries is a very good approximation to a more general formulation under which countries have different aggregate production functions that do not require a constant elasticity of substitution among factors.


The quantitative theory of optimum doping content of electrical film materials was introduced in this paper.In the theory,the relationship between one of the physical properties and crystal strucure and preparation method and doping content were set up.The parabola equation that can be fixed to test curve and which has the reliable physcal meaning was given.The extreme value of this equation is just determined to the quantitative relationship between optimum doping content and the crystal structure and the preparation method,and the expression of optimum doping content was obtained accordingly.The experimental results of doping modified for zinc oxide ceramics were analyzed.Using this expression to calculate the optimum doping content of zinc oxide ceramics,the quantitative calculation results are in accordance with the experimental results.This theory is also appropriate for the optimum doping content problems of other electronic film materials.


Teaching virtues,the guarantee of a happy teaching life,refer to the superexcellent quality or personality teachers are expected to cultivate and acquire in their teaching practices.These virtues,both static and dynamic,do not only constitute an essential part of a teacher's personality but also are characterized by their rich social contents;they are actually a combination of altruism and the desire to achieve self-fulfillment.Teaching virtues are different from the teaching ethics,virtue teaching and virtue knowledge.They play an important role in living a happy teaching life,establishing the standard for teaching behavior and teaching virtues to students.


It is shown that the Pestov-Ionin inequality for the largest inscribed circle can be used to obtain an asymptotic version of the reverse Faber-Krahn inequality for the lowest eigenvalues of Robin and magnetic Neumann Laplacians in two dimensions. We also give an alternative proof of the related curvature bounds using the flow by curvature. 1. Isoperimetric inequalities The aim of this note is discuss a relation between an isoperimetric inequality for the curvature and Faber-Krahn-type inequalities for some boundary valued problems which attracted an attention recently. The isoperimetric inequality is as follows: Theorem 1. Let γ be a simple closed planar curve which is Lipschitz, piecewise smooth and without convex corners. Denote by kmax(γ) maximum curvature on the smooth part and by A(γ) the enclosed area, then


Since its beginning in 1997, the Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet (previously titled Health Care on the Internet) has carried a column on alternative and complementary therapies. Much has changed over the past 15 years. This commentary will review some of the historically significant developments in alternative medicine research and practice.


A 0.18-µm CMOS silicon avalanche photodiode with a polysilicon grating is presented. The unamplified responsivity is 29.89% higher than that without the grating. The structure-enabled doping profile results in a dark current of 1 pA.


PURPOSE: To freely use a bar silver code by generating an alternating electromagnetic field by bar silver and the bar silver code provided with different electromagnetic characteristics and detecting a changeable measurement magnetic field. CONSTITUTION: The bar silver 3 and 4 of different widths or the same width and a bar code 2 are formed on a planar carrier 1. In this case, the alternating electromagnetic field is generated through a bar silver code formed by the bar silver 3 and 4 provided with different electromagnetic characteristics and clearances 6 and 7. Then, formation is performed by special steel bar silver as the carrier 1 and a cover 8 made of special steel, the bar silver 3 and 4 made of copper and the clearances 6 and 7 inserted to intermediate space among them. Then, the devices are fixed and joined by welding or edge bending and mechanical, chemical and thermal requests are satisfied. Then, when the bar code is used, it is usable regardless of environmental conditions. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Since fault diagnosis of blast furnace is very important in manufacturing, in this paper, a new strategy based on clustering combining SVMs pruned binary tree is proposed to solve diagnosis problem in blast furnace. According to the relations of categories in multi-class problem, it is needless to distinguish all the sorts. In order to improve classification efficiency, advantage of clustering and support vector machine is combined. According to the similarity of different samples' sorts, a binary tree is constructed rationally to accelerate fault diagnosis efficiency. The class similarity is determine according to class distance and distribution sphere in feature space, the similarity is used to determine the classification order of hierarchical multi-class classify SVMs. The training samples and corresponding SVMs sub-classifiers are selectively re-constructed to make sure bigger classification margin and good generalization ability. The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed method is faster in training and classifying, better in classification correctness and generalization.


Gankyrin (also known as PSMD10) is a liver oncoprotein that interacts with multiple proteins including MDM2 and accelerates degradation of the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb. We produced a monoclonal anti‐gankyrin antibody and immunohistochemically assessed the clinicopathological significance of gankyrin overexpression in 43 specimens of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specific cytoplasmic staining for gankyrin was observed in 62.8% (27/43) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with low TNM stage (P = 0.004), no capsular invasion (P = 0.018), no portal venous invasion (P = 0.008), and no intrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.012). The cumulative survival rate of patients with gankyrin‐positive HCC was significantly higher than that with gankyrin‐negative HCC (P = 0.037). p53 and MDM2 were positively stained by antibodies in 30.2% and 23.3%, respectively, of HCCs, but neither was inversely associated with gankyrin expression. In the Huh‐7 human HCC cell line, overexpression of gankyrin up‐regulated expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP‐5), whereas suppression of gankyrin expression by siRNA down‐regulated it. Supression of IGFBP‐5 expression inhibited proliferation of Huh‐7 cells as well as U‐2 OS osteosarcoma cells. In HCC specimens, positive staining for IGFBP‐5 was observed by immunohistochemistry in 41.9% (18/43), and the level of expression was significantly correlated with that of gankyrin (rho = 0.629, P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that gankyrin plays an oncogenic role(s) mainly at the early stages of human hepatocarcinogenesis, and that IGFBP‐5 inducible by gankyrin overexpression may be involved in it. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)


In January 2019, almost a year before COVID-19 entered popular parlance, I wrote my first editorial for Landscape Research as the incoming Editor-in-Chief. I anchored that editorial to the theme of "change" and declared that changes were both "inevitable and necessary" (Waterton et al., 2022, p. 2) for a journal such as this, particularly given the length of time Landscape Research has been in operation. Within the year, the changes I had been referring to had been vastly overshadowed by the far bigger challenges of the pandemic, which quickly and inevitably affected almost every aspect of the journal's operations. Everyone connected with the journal— authors, reviewers, the editorial team, and our colleagues at Taylor and Francis—had to adjust their established working practices in response to the converging pressures of health, home, and work. At the same time, many of us found ourselves simultaneously dealing with significant and rapid changes to the earth's climate and the politics that surround it. My own experiences of such crises were largely delivered via Australia's climate emergencies where, as Tony Birch (2020, p. 27) writes, we were living in a "storm of our own making": fighting the development of new mines, grappling with soil exhaustion, gaping at drying rivers, hurtling from fires to floods, and witnessing the disappearance of at least three species—a bat, a rodent, and a skink (Muir, Wehner, & Newell, 2020). In the summer of 2019/2020, my family was forced to evacuate our fire-encircled home as unprecedented bushfires devoured more than 60% of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area to the west of Sydney. Three months later we found ourselves surrounding that same home with sandbags as nearly 400mm of rain fell on us in a single weekend. In retrospect, these were not the best circumstances in which to take on the role and responsibilities of Editor-in-Chief for Landscape Research! And the world continued to change. To borrow from Nick Mansfield, decisions we had already made kept arising "out of our past" and coming "at us from the future" (cited in Rose, 2013, p. 213). Unsurprisingly, the editorial work involved in steering a journal as large, prominent, and established as Landscape Research never got any easier. In fact, it became rather more complex with the acceleration of each new crisis. The last four years have thus at times felt very long and yet they have also passed in a flash. This is my fifth and final editorial as Editor-in-Chief; change, after all, is inevitable and necessary. As I look back over my tenure and inspect it for its failures and successes, it is probably fair to say that there is a lingering feeling of discontent. My time as Editor-in-Chief has unfolded in ways that look radically different to the plans I had started to formulate in 2019. Yet, overall, I shall remember it as being a largely rewarding experience. This is because although many crises punctuated my time at the helm of Landscape Research, those same ruptures also presented me with opportunities to rethink some of our editorial practices through the lens of 'care'. I commenced this rethinking in close collaboration with Trustees of the Landscape Research Group and detailed updates on our efforts have been published in two editorials (Vicenzotti & Waterton, 2021; Waterton et al., 2022). Ultimately, our ambition has been to push back against


A liquid-chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of seven phthalates in vegetable oils was developed. Acetonitrile saturated with hexane was used for phthalates oil extraction, followed by clean-up step on SPE (PAH-column) and analyzed after injection in a HPLC-ESI-Ion trap system. One or two transitions for each parent compound were monitored with positive ionization. Validation experiments were conducted to determine LOD and LOQ, linearity, recoveries, repeatabilities and RSD %. The results demonstrated that the method reaches acceptable quantitative recoveries of 64-110 % with RSD % ranging from 5.3% to 9.5% and LOQ ≤ 0,2 mg/kg confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method in the assay of phthalates in vegetable oils.


Hybrid vehicle start-up system comprises an internal combustion engine having a crank shaft that is rotatably supported within the engine block. Start-up system includes a pinion gear (pinion gear) and normally being engaged with a pinion gear drive plate (drive plate) having a toothed set of connection (constant meshed) driven by the starter motor. A one-way clutch assembly (one-way clutch assembly) is selectively drivingly coupled to (drivingly) cross with the crank shaft and the engine drive plate. The clutch is a plurality of rollers between the rotatably fixed to the crankshaft inner race (inner race), the outer ring rotatably fixed to the drive plates (outer race), and inner and outer rings are arranged in a radial direction (radially) It includes. A fastener connects the drive plate to the outer ring and an elastic compression of the damper between the drive plate and the outer ring.


Speech is a natural way of communicating that does not require us to develop any new skills in order to be able to interact with electronic devices. With the evolution of technology, speech has become one of the primary means of communication. Speech recognition is a form of multimedia content analysis, where the information carried in a speech signal is transcribed into a character string. Any information in the real world is perceived via several input channels. Each modality conveys some additional information about a real world concept. Likewise, the perception of speech in a human brain is bimodal in nature. We combine information from both visual and audio modalities to disambiguate speech. The system studied in here is a multimodal speech recognition system, where the features are generated by correlating visual and speech modalities using a multimodal Deep Belief Network. This thesis reproduces this system, and explores several aspects of its performance related to real-life conditions under which speech must be recognized. Since the limitations of multimodal deep learning approaches are not well comprehended, we would like to gain insights into the resemblance of such systems to humans in their ability to level multimodality. The experiments carried out by our study demonstrate that the visual modality complements speech modality, providing information such as place of articulation. Further studies are performed on the system to shed light on the limits of such a multimodal Deep Neural Network for Audio-Visual speech recognition. In real-life, Audio-Visual speech recognition systems will come across several perturbations such as reverberation and visual occlusion. The behavior of this system is analysed in a simulated environment replicating such real-life surroundings. Further, a study is performed to see the effect of the visual modality on recognition of phonemes, which are basic building blocks of speech. The study conducted in this thesis supports the conclusion that the multimodal Deep Neural Network is far from achieving human-like performance in the presence of perturbations. This demonstrates the necessity to conduct more research on the robustness of the multimodal Deep Neural Networks in real-life scenarios.


Since 1969, experiments have been conducted by various laboratories to evaluate an electrostimulation device offered commercially as a therapy for sensorineural hearing loss. The device manufactured by Intelectron Corporation passes an amplitude modulated high‐frequency carrier current through a subject's head by means of an array of four electrodes worn in the manner of a set of headphones. The therapy requires electrostimulation for approximately one hour per day, five days per week for a period of six weeks to produce an improvement in speech discrimination. Groups receiving active electrostimulation have been compared with control groups receiving simulated treatment. Results have been quite variable among the laboratories and have led to considerable controversy as to the effectiveness of the therapy. The success of the therapy achieved by the Pennsylvania State University and the UCLA Medical Center has allowed these experiments to continue and has shed much light on the procedures required to produ...


This chapter examines the use of program evaluation findings as a tool for policy learning. It argues that program evaluation findings must be "translated" into policy language in order to affect decision making within policy communities. This translation is illustrated by welfare policy innovation in Quebec.


TECHNICAL SUPPORT January '99 ©1999 Technical Enterprises, Inc. Reproduction of this document without permission is prohibited. has always been a very stable, reliable technology for all parts of the network — from the edge to the core. However, one of the major reasons for this stability is that the applications for which Token Ring was designed — primarily mainframe-based applications — have a very predictable traffic flow. Token Ring networks conform to the 80/20 rule: 80 percent of the traffic generated in a workgroup stays within the workgroup, while only 20 percent of all traffic travels over the backbone. The architects of Token Ring envisioned a very predictable traffic pattern with higher-bandwidth rings assigned to mainframe links, or the core, and with lower-bandwidth rings relegated to endpoint devices at the edge of the network. However, as network environments have evolved, established Token Ring shops may have compelling reasons to migrate to other technologies. The biggest determinants are Token Ring's inability to handle network congestion, its inability to support next-generation business applications, and Ethernet's high level of functionality. Also, a major migration decision may be due to decreasing Ethernet prices, which are widening the gap between the two technologies. In recent years, there has been a shift in the nature of applications running over Token Ring networks. The move to client/server applications began the subtle alteration of traffic patterns in traditional Token Ring networks. Client-to-server communication involves much larger exchanges of data across the network. The deployment of client/server applications also started the proliferation of servers attached to the network. This combination of proliferating servers and more traffic began to introduce congestion points into the network. IS managers responded by trying to control traffic flow by centralizing server resources as much as possible. More recently, Web-based applications have begun springing up at the periphery of Token Ring networks — and not always under the auspices of MIS. These applications have begun to have a profound impact on traffic loading in the network, putting local rings under traffic burdens that the architects of Token Ring never anticipated. TCP/IP Web applications have also spawned Web browser-based presentation techniques that will radically change the way information is accessed and presented in traditional mainframe-based environments. In addition, the ever-growing variety of PC-based applications and productivity tools in the enterprise network has spurred the need to integrate not just PCand hostbased applications, but also the data residing on these platforms. New business applications require advanced functionality, such as integrating multimedia data from multiple hosts, servers, and workstations into a single screen view; or integrating serverand workstation-based files, databases, security systems and transactions. However, SNAand LAN-based enterprise networks have evolved separately through upgrade, acquisition and corporate mergers, resulting in different client platforms running different applications over a mix of SNA and non-SNA (TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBIOS, Banyan VINES, and AppleTalk) LAN protocols. In some networks, SNA could be supported down to the client machines. In other cases, it was Using the comprehensive solutions presented in this article, Token Ring/SNA network managers can integrate mission-critical legacy traffic and new intranet, client/server, and other LAN-based applications with high-speed technologies. BY EDWARD RABINOVITCH


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report a study investigating the impact of personal innovativeness in information technology (PIIT) and social influence on user continuance intention toward mobile commerce (m-commerce) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate mobile users in a regional university. Structural equation modeling procedures were deployed to analyse 323 valid data points. Findings – The study found that among well-educated m-commerce users, user personal innovativeness as measured by PIIT and perceived usefulness, the determinants of initial adoption, remain as strong determinants of user continuance intention. PIIT also remains as the antecedent of perceived ease of use. Social influence has changed the pattern of influence on continuance intention. Research limitations/implications – This study is unable to investigate m-commerce user expectations and satisfaction levels. The small and convenient sample does not offer guarant...


Abstract : Distributed Common Ground System - Navy (DCGS-N) is the Navy Service component of the DoD DCGS family of systems, providing integration of Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Targeting support capabilities. DCGS-N Inc 2 is the essential follow-on for the DCGS-N Inc 1 program that permits the Navy to leverage the robust sensor investments by the Intelligence Community (IC) and Services to significantly improve Battlespace Awareness and decision making.


Concern regarding `wasting ́ oxygen as a drive gas for anaesthesiamachines has been raisedduring theCOVID-19 pandemic, and is associated with acute worsening of longstanding oxygen shortages in lowand middle-income countries [1–3]. The American Society of Anesthesiologists has encouraged conversion of anaesthesia machine drive gas fromoxygen to air [4].We estimated the annual financial and environmental impacts of using air rather than oxygen as a drive gas for anaesthesia machines in an Australian metropolitan hospital. Pneumatic ventilation, for mandatory or supported spontaneously-triggered ventilation, involves the use of a drive gas separate and in addition to fresh gas flow, which enters the compartment that houses the bellows to compress them during inspiration. The drive gas used exceeds the patient's minute ventilation for mandatory ventilation, but is not used when a patient is spontaneously breathing while attached to the circuit containing the reservoir bag. The drive gas can be a pressurised supply of air or oxygen, routinely with oxygen as the default. Some anaesthesia machines have in-built electrically-driven ventilators instead of drive gas. At our six theatre hospital, we estimated 1,200,000 l of anaesthesia machine drive gas is used annually, assuming all six operating theatres are in use on weekdays and two at weekends, eight hours per day, 48 weeks per year and assuming that mechanical ventilation was utilised for onethird of the time, with the drive gas of 5 l.min . We were unable to obtain the energy cost of oxygen production directly from the supplier; however, published figures indicate that the process of producing liquid oxygen, without considering any transport, requires 1 Wh.l 1 [5]. Medical air is produced at the hospital via compressors. We viewed the hospital air compression system and sourced the associated machine specification sheets. We averaged the power and efficiency of multiple compressors, and included air cooling anddrying requirements (Table 1). Oxygen production requires approximately seven times the energy of air production. The annual difference of 1046 kWh at our site, when supplied by our local energy grid, is roughly equivalent to 1.12 tonnes of carbon dioxide [6], comparable to the emissions from a return flight betweenMelbourne andKuala Lumpur [7]. The financial cost of oxygen is relatively small, and an inadequate incentive for the conversion of anaesthesia machine drive gas from oxygen to air. We obtained cost data for converting drive gas from oxygen to air from our hospital's anaesthesia machine provider and this was more than A$1000 (£580, €686) per machine. Since using oxygen vs. air costs A$282 (£160, €189) more annually for all six


Abstract Sorting by current is an important taphonomic process which may bias archaeological and paleontological bone assemblages. Determining whether an assemblage has been sorted is crucial to its interpretation. Previous field and flume studies have documented behaviour of mammalian skeletal elements under conditions simulating those within a natural channel. Avian bones are structurally different from mammalian bones; thus their hydrodynamic properties may be different. This study examines the hydrodynamic behaviour of bones of the domestic pigeon (or rock dove), Columba livia . Interactions with bedforms (even very small ones) affect the dispersal potential of pigeon bones. A ranking of relative dispersal potential is offered and bones of this taxon are divided into dispersal groups. These sorting groups are compared to those for soft-shelled turtles and for mammals of various sizes. Velocity profile data from the flume studies are used to demonstrate that bones of avian taxa differing greatly in size (body mass) may not vary significantly in their boundary-layer interactions and dispersal behaviour. Thus the results from this experiment may be applied, albeit with caution, to other avian taxa.


The paper proposes a method of organizing a structural diagram of a hardware-software medical complex, in which the main attention was paid to: a method for constructing the architecture of a biomedical system for recording and processing physiological signals, which increases the functionality of the complex and its manufacturability; a mathematical model of the distribution and physical representation of data to solve the problem of identifying parallel processes the technique provides functions of registration, storage, processing, analysis of a number of physiological signals: pulse, body temperature, electrocardiograms; high reliability and immunity to interference; the development of an original circuitry solution in order to reduce the amount of telemetric data and the large amount of information transmitted, as well as increase the speed of wireless data transfer. Monitoring vital signs with the help of a hardware-software medical complex improves the quality of life of the patient during the examination and allows you to quantify the response of the patient's cardiovascular system to stress tests, establish the effectiveness of the stimulation regimen and therapy in patients with implanted pacemakers, and many other pathologies.


This paper presents a grammatical comparison of the Minoan language with the proto-Ugric and protoHungarian languages. Recent research showed that these languages are closely related, but this paper presents a novel grammatical comparison. The grammatical comparison shows the Minoan language to have an agglutinative type of grammar, with a CVCV type root word structure. The Minoan language also features assimilation between the word roots and the suffixes and a possessive phrase structure that is similar to that in Hungarian.


Economies, including the European Union, face the risk of losing ability to maintain their competitive positions on the global scale and of related inability to generate value added up to satisfactory degree. We therefore examine factors assumedly having positive impact on the domestic value added in exports, as a recently introduced key indicator of country's export competitiveness, reported in the TiVA database. The main aim of our paper is to test, for the selected countries, the relationships of the domestic value added in exports with the following factors: (1) number of patent applications per million inhabitants, (2) foreign direct investment per capita, (3) business expenditure on research and development as a percentage of GDP and (4) resource productivity as control variable. We prove by panel data analysis that the domestic value added in exports increases with an increase in all deployed independent variables as well as in control variable.


The techniques used in the treatment of cancer are now so varied and specialised that it is difficult for non-specialists to know what they imply for individual patients. In future articles we shall therefore discuss chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiotherapy from this point of view. This note is concerned with the general aspects of arranging the most appropriate management of each case.


The present invention relates to the prepara tion of cysteine and of the related compound glutathlone containing cysteine and comprises a new method by which increased yields of cysteine and the reduced form of glutathlone may be ob tained from known sources with less cost and with a saving of time and chemicals. In the case of cysteine the new method makes the pure product available in the pure form as distinguished from the hydrochloride of cysteine produced by meth ods heretofore in use, A feature of the invention is the use of cuprous oxide under controlled conditions of temperature. and in the presence of a trace of chloride or hy drochloric acid for converting cystine to cysteine and oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, that is for breaking the bond between the two sulfur atoms of the oxidized products. Another feature of the invention is the use of iOdoacetic acid under controlled conditions of temperature and of hydrogen ion concentration for determining the amount of cuprous oxide to be added to a mother solution containing cysteine or reduced glutathlone for precipitation of the cuprous salt of these products. The prevalence of glutathlone, and cysteine as constituent of glutathione which provides the bond. Thus the same problem is involved in re


To characterize concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the night markets in southern Taiwan, four representative night markets and one background location were selected for this study. The VOCs measured included methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and BTEX (the acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). The results indicated that the measured concentrations of MTBE and BTEX were typically on the order of one to two times higher at night market level than at the background site. It is clear that the night market activities in all sampling sites affected the distribution of MTBE and BTEX. During non-night market activities, the average MTBE-BTEX ratios of Liu-Ho, Rui-Guang, Ping-Tung and Chao-Zhou were (13.9: 2.2: 10.1: 1.0: 6.1), (4.9: 3.8: 13.7: 1.0: 7.9), (10.3: 1.7: 8.2: 1.0: 3.9) and (87.4: 10: 46: 1.0: 9.1), respectively. However, during the night market activities, the average MTBE-BTEX ratios shifted to (27.4: 1.9: 21.9: 1.0: 4.3), (23.1: 3.9: 16.5: 1.0: 3.2), (38.6: 6.8: 30.1: 1.0: 14.9), and (38.6: 7.8: 24.3: 1.0: 5.1), respectively.


Objective To appraise the selection of surgical procedures for treatment of traumatic forward shoulder forward instability. Methods Fifteen patients' shoulders with forward instability were treated operatively. 7 shoulders with glenoid bony deficiency included 3 with anterior glenoid rim fracture and 4 with anterior glenoid rim erosion because of recurrent anterior dislocation. The corocoid bone block transfer procedure was used. The rest 8 shoulders without glenoid concavity deficiency, were caused by detachment of capsuloligament labrum from the antero inferior glenoid (Bankart lesions). The capsulolabrum and ligament reconstruction was performed. Results During the follow up of 25~60 months (average 41.7 months), none of the patients redislocation. At the time of the latest follow up, none of the patients showed positive apprehension test, and the average loss of external rotation was 12 (5~25) degrees. Conclusion The surgical procedures for traumatic shoulder forward instability must be individualized, depending upon the basic pathology of the instability. For capsuloligamentous and labral lesions, the anterior capsulolabrum reconstruction is indicated. For glenoid concavity deficiency, the corocoid bone block transfer procedure is recommended.


With the tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) used as starting material which was hydrolyzed on the surfaces of MgCO3 particles by sol-gol method,and the surfaces of MgCO3 particles were coated by the silicic acid thus formed.Then,silica films were formed on the surfaces of MgCO3 particles after heating-drying.Orthogonal tests were performed to investigate the influence of different conditions for TEOS hydrolysis on such a coating,and XRD was done to analyze the coated surfaces of MgCO3 particles.The results showed that the silica is really contained in the surface of MgCO3 particles,and the decomposition rate of coated MgCO3 particles lowers.As a result,the coated MgCO3 particles can be taken as a foaming agent to prepare foam metals.


As the rapid development of car industry,the new auto-scope appears continuously,which has much advantage,such as super-minor,large capacity,strong memory function,low power,digital,network-based information and microcomputer etc.So,it can examine,analyze,judge some kind of difficult breakdown of car in a real-time way.


Vulvar carcinoma is currently accounting for 4% to 5% of all female genital tract malignancies. We report a 31-year-old woman with a 4-year history of vulvar pruritus and a progressively growing painless mass. The lesion was an invasive squamous cell carcinoma and contained oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. An excellent cosmetic and functional treatment result was achieved by radical vulvectomy with selective inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy (using separate incisions) followed by immediate reconstructive surgery using a V-Y myocutaneous flap.


Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme of Nursing and Health Care Option of Nursing ANITA DOZZO: Electronic orientation guidebook for medical ward Bachelor's thesis 53 pages, appendices 27 pages Supervisor: Senior Lecturer, MNSc Rami Yli-Villamo October 2012 The purpose of the thesis was to make an electronic guidebook for the internal medicine department as well as to bring out what a good employee orientation includes. The thesis contains a report part to which the guidebook is attached. In the theoretical part, patient safety is given as a starting point for good introduction to the ward. The issues of what a guidebook should be like, and electronic learning environments were also discussed. The guidebook goes through the structure of the ward and what kind of patients go there. Nursing in different shifts, as well as the day program of the ward have been carefully reviewed. Matters relating to the transition of patients to and from the ward are summarized. Materials for students can also be found in the guide. The contents of the guide must be checked and modified on a regular basis, so that the new the employee should always receive up-to-date information. The goal of this study was to provide an updated electronic guidebook for the new employees' orientation support. The electronic format of the guidebook is easy to use, and hopefully it will facilitate the use and updating of the folder. The overall goal was to improve the quality of new employees' orientation and patient safety.


The world's older population continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. Today, 8.5 percent of people worldwide (617 million) are aged 65 and over. According to a new report, "An Aging World: 2015," this percentage is projected to jump to nearly 17 percent of the world's population by 2050 (1.6 billion) [1]. According to Population Census 2011 of India, there are nearly 104 million elderly persons (aged 60 years or above) in India; 53 million females and 51 million male. Percentage share of elderly persons in the population of India is ever increasing since 1961. While in 1961, 5.6 per cent population was in the age bracket of 60 years or more, the proportion has increased to 8.6 per cent in 2011. The trend is same in rural as well as in the urban areas. In rural areas while the proportion of elderly persons has increased from 5.8 per cent to 8.8 per cent, in urban areas it has increased from 4.7 per cent to 8.1 per cent during 1961 to 2011 [2]. Available scientific literature has shown that addictions are not limited to a specific age group though more concern is given to addiction among youth and adult population. Addictions among elderly is one of neglected problems in many parts of the world including India. Due to insufficient knowledge, lack availability of related data, lack of infrastructure and facilities, addictions among elderly population in India remains underestimated, under identified, under diagnosed as well as undertreated similar to many other countries [3].


There is a growing need for rapid, high-throughput methods that enable isolation of high quality, pure DNA from microbial cultures as well as samples containing PCR inhibitors, such as swabs and cultured foods. While filter plate-based, high-throughput purification of DNA from microbial cultures has been previously automated


Background Depression and anxiety create a large health burden and increase the risk of premature mortality. Mental health screening is vital, but more sophisticated screening and monitoring methods are needed. The Ellipsis Health App addresses this need by using semantic information from recorded speech to screen for depression and anxiety. Objectives The primary aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of collecting weekly voice samples for mental health screening. Additionally, we aim to demonstrate portability and improved performance of Ellipsis' machine learning models for patients of various ages. Methods Study participants were current patients at Desert Oasis Healthcare, mean age 63 years (SD = 10.3). Two non-randomized cohorts participated: one with a documented history of depression within 24 months prior to the study (Group Positive), and the other without depression (Group Negative). Participants recorded 5-min voice samples weekly for 6 weeks via the Ellipsis Health App. They also completed PHQ-8 and GAD-7 questionnaires to assess for depression and anxiety, respectively. Results Protocol completion rate was 61% for both groups. Use beyond protocol was 27% for Group Positive and 9% for Group Negative. The Ellipsis Health App showed an AUC of 0.82 for the combined groups when compared to the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 with a threshold score of 10. Performance was high for senior participants as well as younger age ranges. Additionally, many participants spoke longer than the required 5 min. Conclusion The Ellipsis Health App demonstrated feasibility in using voice recordings to screen for depression and anxiety among various age groups and the machine learning models using Transformer methodology maintain performance and improve over LSTM methodology when applied to the study population.


In order to improve the imaging contrast and resolution in photoacoustic tomography(PAT), the deconvolution between the transducer impulse response and the recorded photoacoustic(PA) signal of the tissue phantom is often used. The suppression of noise is critical in the deconvolution. Compared with the traditional band-pass filter in Fourier domain, wiener filter is more appropriate for the wide band PA signal. The scaling parameter in wiener filter is hard to determine using the traditional Fourier domain method. To solve the problem, the deconvolution algorithm with wiener filter based on the wavelet transform is presented. The scaling parameter is estimated using discrete wavelet transform(DWT) by its multi-resolution analysis(MRA) ability. The white noise had been effectively suppressed. Both numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the contrast and resolution of PA images had been improved.


Accumulating evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve crucial roles in the progression of a diverse range of different types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OS). The present study determined the expression pattern and function of circRNA homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3), a novel circular RNA, in OS. It was revealed that circHIPK3 expression was upregulated in OS tissue samples and OS cell lines. A localization assay revealed that circHIPK3 was primarily located in the cytoplasm. Using loss-of-function proliferation and Transwell assays, the present study revealed that circHIPK3-knockdown suppressed OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the present study screened potential microRNAs that may interact with circHIPK3. It was revealed that microRNA-637 (miR-637) expression was downregulated in OS according to a Gene Expression Omnibus data analysis. In addition, the present study demonstrated that miR-637 expression was downregulated in OS cell lines. A fluorescence in situ hybridization assay revealed that both miR-637 and circHIPK3 were located in the cytoplasm. An in-depth mechanism investigation demonstrated that circHIPK3 expression was inversely correlated with miR-637 expression, and that circHIPK3 was a target of miR-637. In addition, it was revealed that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) was another downstream target gene of miR-637, as demonstrated using a luciferase assay. It was revealed that miR-637 suppressed OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion via targeting of HDAC4. Finally, the present study demonstrated that circHIPK3 sponged miR-637 to promote HDAC4 expression and OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present study uncovered the role of the circHIPK3/miR-637/HDAC4 axis in OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It was demonstrated that circHIPK3 promoted OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion by modulating miR-637/HDAC4 signaling.


The real-time and in situ monitoring of reaction processes is of great significance for precise control of organic reaction process. Herein, a fluorescence method was proposed to track the photochemical...


The paper studied different seeding date treatments (13/5、23/5、2/6、12/6 and 22/6 day/month) on growth character and nutrient content of oat (introduced YTY variety from Finland) in winter pen of family ranch on Alpine. The results showed that date of seeding oat should be earlier than 13th May for highest yields of green dry herbage and crude protein. The oat's generational period on different treatment ended early as seeding date delaying, and the crude protein yield increased but the crude fiber decreased. The winter pen of family ranch is a ideal oat planting place for green herbage.


In modern mobile wireless communication, Base Stations (BS) are the most important equipment to build up the mobile network. One of the key elements in BS is the RF filter, which plays a key role t ...


MJA 198 (6) · 1 April 2013 314 An audit of dabigatran etexilate prescribing in Victoria TO THE EDITOR: In 2009, the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy) trial compared dabigatran etexilate with warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in 18113 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and at least one additional risk factor for stroke.1 In April 2011, it became accessible in Australia (Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim) under a product familiarisation program funded by the manufacturer; however, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee expressed concern that without informed and appropriate prescription, clinical trial outcomes may not be reproducible.2 Case reports from Europe3 and New Zealand4 identified the need for caution when treating older patients, those with low body weight or patients with renal impairment because of the risk of serious bleeding. We performed a retrospective audit of the available criteria of indication, renal function and time in therapeutic range (TTR) of 362 patients at a private anticoagulant clinic who were transferred from warfarin to dabigatran between 1 June 2011 to 30 November 2011. Patients recorded as having AF were presumed to have non-valvular heart disease, although this was not confirmed. The dose of dabigatran, the CHADS2 score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 75 years, diabetes, 1 point each; prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack, 2 points), the weight of the patient, and the patient versus clinician preference for therapy were not known to pathology service staff. The patients in our cohort were older (mean, 76 years) than participants in the RE-LY trial (mean, 71 years). Fewer of our patients had significant renal impairment (14% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <50mL/min/1.73m2, versus 19% of RE-LY participants), but 2% had an eGFR < 30mL/min/1.73m2, and 12% had not had a renal function assessment in the past 12 months. Twenty-nine patients (8%) did not meet the indication of having nonvalvular AF. A RE-LY subanalysis suggested that dabigatran had no advantage over warfarin in reducing nonhaemorrhagic stroke or death in patients with excellent international normalised ratio (INR) control (defined as TTR > 72.6%).5 In our cohort, TTR was assessed over a minimum of 6 months before patients were switched from warfarin to dabigatran, and the mean TTR (70%) was higher than in RE-LY (64%). In addition, one-third of our patients had TTR 79%, indicating highquality anticoagulant control. Our study confirms the prescription of dabigatran to a local population that differed from RE-LY participants in age, renal function and TTR, and occasionally for an unapproved indication. Although we cannot comment on clinical consequences, care should be taken in extrapolating positive outcomes to non-equivalent patient groups, and continuing education campaigns are needed.


Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility: 22/05/2018 This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Coyle, S. (2018), Can Natural Laws be Derived from Sociability?. New Blackfriars, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12381. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.


Irreversible opinion spreading phenomena are studied on small-world networks generated from 2D regular lattices by means of the magnetic Eden model, a non-equilibrium kinetic model for the growth of binary mixtures in contact with a thermal bath. In this model, the opinion or decision of an individual is affected by those of their acquaintances, but opinion changes (analogous to spin flips in an Ising-like model) are not allowed. In particular, we focus on aspects inherent to the underlying 2D nature of the substrate, such as domain growth and cluster size distributions. Larger shortcut fractions are observed to favor long-range ordering connections between distant clusters across the network, while the temperature is shown to drive the system across an order–disorder transition, in agreement with previous investigations on related equilibrium spin systems. Furthermore, the extrapolated phase diagram, as well as the correlation length critical exponent, are determined by means of standard finite-size scaling procedures.


Nowadays, soft X-Ray microscopy technology is one of the hottest methods that researches and observes the biological samples of natural state, whose resolution is higher than the imaging drawing of optical microscope and near to the imaging drawing of electron microscope. The technology is simple for the preparation of biological sample, which needs only ultramicrocut. And the working procedure of traditional pathology check, such as freezing, sealing wax, dehydration and dyeing, etc. isn't needed. A kind of image recognition system is selected in the paper, which identifies and researches the tissue morphological characteristics of ultrastructure imaging drawing of squamocellular cancer of esophagus obtained by soft X-Ray microscopy. The system mainly consists of components of image preprocessing, image segmentation, cellular feature extraction and cellular feature recognition, etc. Image preprocessing includes grayscale transformation, histogram adjustment, etc. Image segmentation includes segmentation based on the threshold, image processing based on the structure morphology of cell tissue, and edge detection, etc. In cellular feature extraction, the method of extracting area connected is used. And in cellular feature recognition, the judgment of area ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm is adopted. According to the morphology characteristics of tissue ultrastructure of squamocellular cancer of esophagus, a kind of cancer identification method based on the area threshold is employed emphatically in the paper, aiming at distinguishing the normal cell and cancer cell successfully. The technology application on the aspects of clinical diagnosis and differentiate diagnosis of the image recognition system in the paper still needs to be researched further.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and side effects of 89Sr metastron on treating multiple osseous metastasis tumor. Methods The total 83 patients had been treated by intravenously injecting 89Sr metastron at a dose of 2.22 MBq/kg. Results Among 83 cases, 31.3% of them got complete remission, 37.3% moderate remission, and 18.1% slight remission. The total effective rate was 86.7%. The side effects were mild, and only white blood cells and platelets transiently fell by 20%. Conclusion Internal radiotherapy with 89Sr metastron is the good alternative in treating multiple osseous metastasis tumor.


The possible environmental impacts of cellular base stations are operational and biological. The operational effects comprise Electro-Μagnetic Interference (EMI), lightning alterations and aesthetic degradation. Both thermal and non-thermal biological effects depend on the absorption of UHF radiofrequencies used. We measured, calculated and estimated the impact zones. The results are: (a) The lightning lethal zone equal to the antenna height, (b) the EMI impact in a zone up to 40m and (c) the ICNIRP's limits exceed to a zone of 8∼20m into the antenna's radiation pattern (for 2G GSM and 3G UMTS station). Finally we conclude the adverse effects must not expected in a zone of more than 150m from the radiated antenna, whereas, there is possibility of stochastic effects in intermediate distances (20/40-150m).


Research concerning the flow of clean water through rock barriers was used to develop three methods for rockfill dam design. The standard deviation of the rockfill diameter was used to represent particle size gradation. It was assumed that the rockfill would be quarry-type rock and, hence, reasonably uniform in size. The range of Reynolds numbers for the limited research data was 100 < Re < 2000 and the average rockfill diameter ranged from 15.9 to 31.8 mm (5/8 to 1 1/4 in.).