To be able to discuss European healthcare systems one must have an understanding of the similarities and differences between them. In order to develop strategies or to measure any changes, one needs to know about the status quo but, at the moment there is not much information available that compares the services of European hospital pharmacies. The European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) has carried out a survey to investigate the daily practice, services and role of hospital pharmacies in Europe. 2825 questionnaires were distributed by the delegates of the 22 participating countries and the results of the 748 replies are described in this article. This information is compared to the results of an earlier study in 1995. There is a lot of variation between the different countries in some pharmaceutical services, but a quick review of the results shows that hospital pharmacies play an important role in providing the best pharmaceutical services for hospital patients all over Europe.


The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of using student worksheets in learning Islamic religious education on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDN 27 Olo Ladang. This type of research is quantitative research with one group pretest pre-experimental and posttest design methods. The sample of this research was the fifth grade students of SDN 27 Olo Ladang, which consisted of 20 students consisting of 10 boys and 10 girls. The data in this study were the scores of class V test results at SDN 27 Olo Ladang, which totaled 20 questions in the form of multiple choices on the subject, let's live simply and sincerely. The test questions were carried out twice, namely before using the student worksheets and after using the student worksheets. The research instrument is the test method. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of student worksheets is effectively used in learning Islamic religious education on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDN 27 Olo Ladang. This is evidenced by the results of student test scores before using student worksheets lower than the test scores after using student worksheets and also proven by the t-test sig.(2-Tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05 which means Ho is rejected and Haha accepted. So it can be concluded that the use of student worksheets is effectively used in learning Islamic religious education on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDN 27 Olo Ladang.


Objective:To discuss cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery nursing intervention.Methods:Retrospective analysis of a total of 116 cases implemented spinal surgery in our hospital,cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 10 patients with clinical data,therapeutic effect and nursing intervention were summarized.Results:After intensive care and active treatment,all wound healing,cerebrospinal fluid leak stopped,no serious complications,the effect is good.Conclusion:Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a common complication of spinal surgery,through close observation and effective care measures,and strict aseptic techniques,promoting leakage wound healing,patients can recover rapidly.


With the use of external receivers in hearing devices in particular hearing aids, feedback will be further suppressed. Therefore, an ear piece (10) is provided with a handset (11) comprising a receiver connector including a first snap-in element at the sound. An adapter (12) is inserted directly into the ear mold (10) and has a second snap member which is releasably snap-fitted into the first snap member. A seal (13) surrounding the receiver connector entirety, consists of a more elastic material than the receiver connector and the adapter (12) and is pressed between the receiver port and the adapter (12). Thereby can be attached to the receiver (11) acoustically tightly in the ear fitting piece (10), so that there is less feedback. but the seal also ensures that less contamination to reach the receiver (11) provides.


: Lidar (light detection and ranging) is a relatively new technology that is being used in many aspects of geology and engineering, including researching the potential for rock falls on highway rock cuts. At Missouri University of Science and Technology, we are developing methods for measuring joint orientations remotely and quantifying the raveling process. Measuring joint orientations remotely along highways is safer, more accurate and can result in larger and more accurate data sets, including measurements from otherwise inaccessible areas. Measuring the nature of rock raveling will provide the data needed to begin the process of modeling the rock raveling process. In both cases, terrestrial lidar scanning is used to generate large point clouds of coordinate triplets representing the surface of the rock cut. Automated algorithms have been developed to organize the lidar data, register successive images without survey control, and removal of vegetation and non-rock artifacts. In the first case, we look for planar elements, identify the plane and calculate the orientations. In the second case, we take a series of scans over time and use sophisticated change detection algorithms to calculate the numbers and volumes of rock that has fallen off the rock face.


Objective To compare the specificity of three kinds of serological approaches on detecting treponema pallidum antibody and the clinical application values in clinic.Methods Three approaches including TRUST,TPPA,ELISA were used to detect 228 serum specimens.Results The sensitivities of the three approaches(TRUST,TPPA,ELISA) were 85.83%,98.33%,99.17%;The specificities of the three approaches were 95.37%,99.07%,98.15% respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of TRUST were lower than those of the TPPA(P0.05);The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were not lower than those of the TPPA(P0.05);The sensitivity of TRUST was lower than that of the ELISA(P0.05),but the specificity of TRUST was not lower than that of the ELISA(P0.05).Conclusion It is suggested that TPPA and ELISA are the first choice on detecting syphilis antibody.


This paper investigates the evolution of the determinants of bank profitability for a small bank market, as it is the case of the Greek market. The period examined, 1980-1991, is divided into three subperiods, one in which banks functioned under a highly restricted environment, a second one, where certain changes occurred towards deregulation and a recent one, since 1987, when significant changes have been introduced liberalizing the market. The results suggest that the determinants of profitability of Greek commercial banks were highly different from those depicted in other countries during the periods of intense regulation in Greece. However, liberalisation of the Greek financial system, has brought these determinants more in line with international experience, and thus has normalised the behaviour of Greek commercial banks.


Problems that occur in an urban level of uneven service facilities and infrastructure especially in the urban suburbs. This is also the case in Langkat Regency. The existence of these settlements is classified into squatters or slums that grow unplanned on unlicensed state land. The purpose of the research is to identify the slums, using the AHP method, starting from the collection of primary and secondary data, field observations, interviews, and documentation, which are then assessed against the criteria that have been set. The final result of the weighting resulted in the classification of the level of slums in the village. It is hoped that the results of this study can be useful for other research.


Growing importance of Global Positioning System (GPS) applications in various fields, leads many researches to the security of GPS systems and investigation of eventual perturbations in them. One of the most important intentional interferences is spoofing. This work presents an anti-spoofing method based on complex wavelet transform (CWT). Fake satellites are omitted and then understrength satellites due to spoofing are identified. The results of investigation suggest that the proposed CWT based estimation and extraction method is better than relatively simple wavelet transform. The suggested filter is applied in the Intermediate Frequency signal. Cross-validation technique is used for automatically identifying wavelet signal layers. The proposed method has been implemented on different collected datasets. Software GPS Receiver has been used to implement and validate the developed anti-spoofing technique because it is more flexible and economical compared with usual hardware receivers.


A novel technique is described for measuring thermal pressure in fluids and for measuring isotropic stress development and reaction kinetics in thermosetting resins during cure and thermal cycling. The method uses a 12.7‐mm‐diam sealed stainless steel spherical pressure vessel to impose three-dimensional isotropic constraints. The vessel is instrumented with strain gauges and thermocouples. Both isotropic stresses and reaction kinetics during cure at cure temperatures as high as 300 °C can be measured. In addition, measurement of the isotropic stress as a function of temperature yields the thermal pressure coefficient in both the glassy and rubbery (or liquid) states. Experimental results are presented for sucrose benzoate, a pressure-transmitting oil di-2-ethylhexylsebacate and an epoxy resin. The method provides reproducible estimates for the thermal pressure coefficient and the stresses are highly isotropic. A suggestion for improved versions of the device is: thicker walled vessels can be used to incr...


A new poll found that about a quarter of parents spank, but most believe it's not a very effective punishment. Instead, parents would like experts, like pediatricians, to give them clear guidance, individualized for their child, on discipline methods that work.


Abstract The effective Born charges and ionic displacements in the ferroelectric phase have been used for estimations of relative contributions of different ion sublattices into the value of the spontaneous polarization of ABO3 ferroelectric oxides with perovskite-type structure. The principal difference of PbTiO3 from other perovskite-type crystals, in particular from BaTiO3, has been established: the main contribution to the spontaneous polarization of PbTiO3 is given by oxygen ions.


Ground turkey from U.S. supermarkets frequently contains fecal-associated bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., and occasionally frank pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), according to Urvashi Rangan and her collaborators of Consumers Union of Yonkers, N.Y. Some of these bacteria carry genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, they report. However, turkey producers dispute those findings and their importance for consumers of these meat products.


The authors report the growth of degenerately Sb-doped SnO2 single crystalline nanowires with three-dimensionally branched morphology by a two-step Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth approach. Raman scattering and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the crystal phase of Sb-doped SnO2 nanowires is rutile. Electrical transport measurements indicate that Sb-doped SnO2 nanowire has a resistivity of 1.92×10−3Ωcm and an electron concentration of 2.8×1020cm3. Branched conducting nanowires are promising candidates for catalyst supports, biologic molecule detection, and three-dimensional nanodevices integration.


L Solymar London: Chapman and Hall 1972 pp xii + 406 price £8 The book begins with a 20 page introduction to superconductivity and tunnelling. The next 100 pages concern quasi-particle (or normal electron) tunnelling and include chapters on the basic characteristics, on special tunnelling effects (two particle, and phonon and photon assisted tunnelling), diagnostic applications (used for measuring the energy gap, etc) and a chapter on device applications (generation and detection of both electromagnetic radiation and phonons, thermometry, etc).


From the creation of thought,institutions sets up to system running,Academia Sinica gradually formed a more complete and well-functioning academic freedom protection system.Academia Sinica become a model of full respect for academic freedom and protect with system under such an arrangement. In fact,Academia Sinica can do everything to safeguard and protect only the "freedom" of the sky in the hospital because of the intervention of the National Government and other factors.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of Shen Mai in patients with Acute Myocardia Infarction (AMI).Methods:137 cases with AMI were divided into Shen Mai group (n=41) and control gronp (n=96) respectively.on the basis of traditional treatment, Shen Mai group were also treated with Shen Mai ,which was 40~60 ml/d for 10~15days. Mortality, heart failure rate and heart shock rate were observed in the course of hospital.Results: Mortality, heart failure rate and heart shock rate in ShenMai group were all lower than that in control group.Conclusions: Shen Mai treated in patients with AMI can significantly decreased the mortality ,imnprove the heart funcfion, and decreased heart failure rate and heart shock rate.


The infection with Clostridium difficile (CDI), which appeared at epidemic level, after acquiring the germ of some fluoroquinolone resistance genes, initially considered nosocomial infection and adverse effect post-antibiotic therapy, is affecting more and more people without risk factors and extending into the community. This paper proposes an analysis of the two main antibiotics used in therapy: metronidazole and vancomycin, the evidence of efficacy in the literature and the chemical stability of antibiotics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Based on UV-Vis absorption spectra, it can be considered that there are no major changes in the chemical structure of the investigated drugs in the presence of gastro-duodenal conditions. Clinical impact of comparative treatment with metronidazole and vancomycin has also been studied, in a group of 720 CDI patients hospitalized during the period 1.01.2017-31.12.2018 in the Clinical Hospital St. Parascheva of Infectious Diseases Galati. From this group, two subgroups were selected, one of 284 patients receiving oral vancomycin treatment and one group of 62 patients receiving oral metronidazole for an initial nonsevere episode of CDI. The number of days from the beginning of the treatment until the normalization of the stool, the length of hospitalization, the number of days of antibiotic treatment and the percentage of relapses were comparable in the two groups, the percentage of deaths in the first 30 days from the episode of CDI was higher in the vancomycin-treated group, probably due mainly to the severe comorbidities of these patients. The conclusion of the study is that the treatments with metronidazole and vancomycin, of the initial episode, nonsevere of CDI are comparable as a therapeutic response, provided that the patients treated with metronidazole do not associate hepatic, renal or neurological impairment due to the risk of adverse reactions.


s of Poster Presentations 5 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Malaysian Society of Ophthalmology 8 – 9 March 2014 Kinta Riverfront Hotel & Suites, Ipoh, Malaysia Malaysian Society of Ophthalmology TST 26, Pejabat Pos Damansara Jaya Selangor, Malaysia Tel : 6012-240 3318 Fax : 603-7710 7282 Email : email@example.com Website : www.mso.org.my


Numero 98 Mayo - Agosto 2000 Nueva Serie Ano XXXIII ISSN 0041 8633 BASES PARA LA HISTORIA CONSTITUCIONAL DEL PERU Domingo GARCIA BELAUNDE History and Law, as academic disciplines, are two concepts that are related to each other. The link between them is the History of Law. In spite of the fact that this discipline is more historical than legal, still the law historian needs, besides his own historical education, a previous technical knowledge, which lets him understand the legal material he deals with. On the basis of these premises, the author of this essay makes a methodologycal proposal about the theoretical grounds on which the constitutional history of Peru should be based. In addition, the article includes a brief presentation of the state of the debate on this matter, as well as a proposal for a division of the history of peruvian constitutionalism in different periods. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.


The complexation of polyoxometalate K4[α-SiW12O40] and organometallic complex of [Cr3O(OOCC6H5)6(H2O)3](NO3) forms ionic crystal of [Cr3O(OOCC6H5)6(H2O)3]4[α-SiW12O40]⋅10H2O⋅8CH3COCH3 (1a). Single crystal XRD analysis showed that benzoic groups of organometallic complex were stacked to form eight-membered ring. The π-π interaction may stabilize the crystal structure of 1a. FT-IR spectrum of ionic crystal showed that characteristic vibration of polyoxometalate and organometallic compound existed in the crystal. The amount of water molecules in 1a was determined by using TG-DTA analysis. Ten water molecules were found in the ionic crystal of 1a. The GC analysis showed that eight acetone molecules existed in the ionic crystal of 1a.


Introduction: The Intellectualization of Method (Post-)Positivism, Social Constructionism, Critical Realism: Three Reference Points in the Philosophy of Science Data-Oriented Methods: Empiricist Techniques and Procedures Hermeneutics: Interpretation and Insight Critical Theory: The Political and Ideological Dimension Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism: Destabilizing Subject and Text Language/Gender/Power: Discourse Analysis, Feminism and Genealogy On Reflexive Interpretation: The Play of Interpretive Levels Applications of Reflexive Methodology: Strategies, Criteria, Varieties


Students often struggle to determine whether changes in matter are physical or
chemical; for example, they may have difficulty labelling a candle melting as a physical change but a candle burning as chemical change. Here we describe a lesson that we used to integrate conceptual learning about physical and chemical changes using the "REACT" strategy (relating, experiencing, applying, cooperating and transferring) using daily life examples. The activities cover one REACT cycle delivered over two lesson periods. In the activities, examples of physical and chemical change are taken from daily life. Students are actively involved in the activities and at the end of the experiencing stage, they should be able to distinguish physical and chemical changes and to define the changes occurring in the matter at the molecular level.


An increasing number of survivors of paediatric cancers are now entering adulthood and awareness is increasing of the late effects associated with their cancer treatments. Data from international studies identify a number of potential late effects in this patient population that may become evident months to years after treatment. It is imperative that long-term, follow-up models of care are developed to encompass the current and future needs of survivors of paediatric cancers. Transition programmes designed to transfer the paediatric patient to adult-based care are still in their infancy, with several models of care tried and tested; some more successful than others. A review of the barriers and the benefits of long-term, follow-up programmes will be explored, along with the ongoing challenges for health care providers in providing a smooth transition of care.


By the experiments of in vivo intranasal infection of 8-10-days-old outbread ICR mice with Monkeypox virus (MPV) in a dose equal 3.83 lg FFU/specimen, investigated was dynamics of the virus accumulation within various organs, blood cells, and blood serum. In 2 days after infection MPV was detected in blood cells, nasal cavity, lungs, spleen, and duodenum, and in 5 days after - in brain, trachea, liver, kidneys, and blood serum. It was established that 7 days after infection the highest level of MPV production was in the lungs, nasal cavity, and brain, where virus titers in 5 % homogenates were (5.7±0.1), (5.5±0.1), and (5.3±0.3) lg FFU/ml, respectively. In the blood cells virus was traced in 2, 5, and 7 days after challenge, while in blood serum - in 5 and 7 days. MPV blood transfer to the secondary target organs (liver, spleen, duodenum, kidneys, et al. ) was operational, probably, due to the virus proliferation in blood corpuscles. The data obtained and the worked out scheme of MPV dissemination in an organism can be used for the selection and construction of therapeutic anti-pox virus preparations with precise targeted drug delivery.


This paper aims to provide information about the behavior and diet composition of fiddler crabs. The large percentage of sediments present in the stomach of fiddler crabs proves that fiddler crabs play an important role in aerating the soil, which would help in the growth of mangrove and wetland plants. Observations were done in sandy, muddy, and coralline substrates for four months. Thirty fiddler crabs were collected for laboratory test of their diet composition. Sediments had the highest percentage in the stomach content of the fiddler crabs (60%), followed by chum (25%), and leaf particles (15%). The analysis of the fullness of their stomach showed that it was highly significant (df = 2, MS = 2.09, F = 34.34, p = 0.001). While the fiddler crabs ate all three colors of mangrove leaves, it preferred to forage on yellow leaves (n = 104) followed by the brown leaves (n = 78) and the green leaves (n = 77), proving that nutrient recycling occurs in the mangrove area. The existence of the fiddler crabs contributes to a more stable mangrove ecosystem. In addition, this study is the first assessment of fiddler crabs documented in Mindanao, Philippines. Results of the study can be used as a baseline for the protection of mangrove ecosystem species.


The elevated cancer risk associated with night shift work is poorly understood. To investigate whether circadian disruption may play a role, we assessed the circadian transcriptome and its association with hallmark cancer pathways, as well as sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage, after in-laboratory simulated shift work.

 N=14 healthy humans (aged 22-34y; 10m, 4f) were exposed to a simulated night shift schedule (daytime sleep: 10:00-18:00) or a simulated day shift schedule (nighttime sleep: 22:00-06:00) for 3 days (n=7 in each condition). After the simulated shift schedule, subjects underwent a 24h constant routine protocol, during which blood was collected every 3h. Lymphocytes were extracted from the blood samples and subjected to transcriptome analysis using a NanoString multiplex assay. We evaluated 726 mRNA cancer hallmark targets (NanoString PanCancer Pathway Panel) and 17 circadian clock genes, with 18 arrhythmic internal controls. Gene expression was analyzed for circadian rhythmicity using mixed-effects cosinor analysis. Further, lymphocytes were investigated for DNA damage using an alkaline comet assay and immunofluorescence assessment of DNA damage response biomarkers BRCA1 and γH2AX. Lymphocytes collected at 07:30 and 19:30 were also exposed to ionizing radiation (2.5Gy) and DNA damage response assessments were repeated.

 Simulated night shift caused widespread disruption of circadian rhythmicity, as measured under constant routine, for core clock genes and the transcriptome of cancer hallmark pathways. The DNA repair pathway showed significant enrichment of rhythmic genes (p<0.05) after the simulated day shift schedule only. Following simulated night shift, lymphocytes showed induction of endogenous DNA damage, with extended tail in the comet assay (p<0.001), and higher percentage of lymphocytes with BRCA1 and γH2AX foci (p<0.01). Lymphocytes collected at 19:30 showed enhanced impact of ionizing radiation as indicated by increased prevalence of cells with BRCA1 and γH2AX foci (p<0.05).

 Circadian dysregulation of DNA repair mechanisms and increased sensitivity to DNA damage following night shift work may increase genomic instability and precipitate elevated cancer risk in night shift workers.

 NIH grants ES022640 and CA227381, CDMRP award W81XWH-18-1-0100, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory BRAVE investment under DOE contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.


We prove the uniqueness of weak solutions of the 3‐D time‐dependent Ginzburg‐Landau equations for super‐conductivity with initial data (ψ0, A0)∈ L2 under the hypothesis that


the cat who walks through walls a comedy of manners is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the cat who walks through walls a comedy of manners is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Zhuang Zi is usually regarded as a representative who opposes knowledge,but he doesn′t oppose technology in agreement with Taoism,while opposes technology distorts humanity.Zhuang directly integrates technology with the human survival,restoring the essence of technology to show Heavenly Tao′s beauty and endows it with the aesthetic significance,making the technology aesthetic human survival.His thought of aesthetic technology is very significant in helping modern people out from pursuing the effect of the technology only.It is also significant in understanding human′s full development and social sustainable development.


Abstract Previous research suggests that male, alcohol, and drug-dependent subjects fall into distinct personality clusters (e.g., schizoid, narcissistic, antisocial). However, few studies utilizing cluster analyses have been conducted with females who are incarcerated or substance dependent. In the present study, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) was administered to 210 female inmates in a jail-based substance abuse prevention program. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with Varimax rotation resulted in the following three cluster profiles: "normal" (no significant elevations), narcissistic, and antisocial. Hypotheses regarding the personality structure of incarcerated female substance abusers are offered; clinical implications of the findings are discussed.


This study explores recreational storm chasing, a new form of niche tourism. In particular, this study examines sensation-seeking traits associated with participants' socio-demographics, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction levels. Results show that recreational storm chasers scored highest on Experience Seeking and lowest on Boredom Susceptibility sensation-seeking dimensions. Correlation tests showed that several socio-demographic, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction indicators are associated with Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility, and Experience Seeking dimensions. Marketing and management implications of study results also are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The increased accumulation of particles near the core during a series of mating/de-mating operations was investigated. One cause for this accumulation was ESD (electrostatic discharge) effects from cleaning. Methods to prevent this phenomenon were studied.


The importance of natural polymers is increasing due to its availability and to its biodegradability. Moreover the market is adding pressure to the industry to produce environmental friendly products. The fiber industries are developing in a very fast pace and new performance fiber materials and textiles are launched in the market. The usage of these fibers goes from biodegradable packing to advanced performance composites or biomedical applications. The aim of this work is to develop windable fibers based on natural polymer and its blends with synthetic polymers. To make fibers the polymers were spun using a laboratory mixer extruder and a take-up system. After the adjustment of the blend composition and process parameters fibers were produced via melt spinning. The fibers were then tested to characterize their mechanical and thermal properties. Pure natural polymers were not windable while the opposite happened with the blend of natural and synthetic polymer. The tensile test pointed out no difference between the diverse composition but it was noticed the influence of the fiber diameter on the E Modulus. Only for the blend composition an important effect appeared in the thermal stability.


In order to test target detection and tracking methods and develop new ones, images taken with infrared (IR) camera are used. However, it is impractical to capture images for all kinds of conditons. For this reason, it is important to generate IR scene for various scenarios. Modeling the cloud background present in the synthetic IR scene correctly, for the military application scenarios such as guided missile simulations that has IR seekers launched from surface to air and from air to air, is a critical requirement to test the performance of detection and tracking techniques and develop new techniques. In this paper, cloud radiance textures that have realistic radiance values in the IR band, have been obtained from noise textures generated by Perlin noise. Modtran has been used for radiometric calculations related to the cloud layer.


"I scanned the patients in the emergency department waiting room, looking for a face that was becoming familiar–Charlene K. was here again with bruises and a possible sprain–was this the second or third time this month? I called out for her to follow me back into an examination room, and I noticed the man sitting next to her rose to follow her. I quickly explained that I would need Charlene to go into a small examination room and change into a gown, and then her friend would be allowed in with her. I followed her into the room and commented that her friend seemed really attentive.'He calls me all the time, sometimes 10 and 11 times a day, to see if I'm home and doing all right. Luckily, he called me right after I had fallen down the stairs and could help bring me here.'I looked at the bruises forming on Charlene's back and sides as she changed into a gown.'Is he abusive?'I asked. I described the typical profile of an abusive man and early warning signs of abuse without passing judgment on the man just outside the door. I commented that this was the third time Charlene had been in emergency in just a little over a month. She didn't admit to abuse that evening, but (vet time, as she became more ready, she began to seek out help and eventually she left that relationship."


The discovery of complex phenomena and strongly correlated behavior in the solid state has incessantly relied upon the creation of stable low-dimensional lattices approaching the atomic limit. Whereas 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials with atomic scale thicknesses have gained widespread interest, very little has been known about the chemistry and physics of their more confined 1D counterparts in the solid state. In these length scales and dimensionalities, unique physical properties arising from finite size effects such as ballistic electrical transport, size-dependent optical resonance modes, long carrier lifetimes, and exotic higher-order topological states become realizable. To this end, I will present the recent efforts in my group towards elucidating the chemical bonding interactions which define the structure and nanoscale dimensionality of structures derived from lattices which are comprised of 1D chains with sub-nm diameters that are held together by weak vdW interactions. By gaining anisotropy-driven control over these interactions via bottom-up chemical vapor growth, we demonstrate the creation of dimensionally-resolved nanostructures with various thicknesses ranging from 1D nanowire bundles to quasi-2D nanoribbons and nanosheets, all based on a the same 1D vdW lattice motif. Extensive electron diffraction and atomic-resolution microscopy of these resulting nanostructures reveal the strong dependence of the size and dimensionality of the 1D and quasi-2D nanostructures on anisotropic inter-chain vdW bonding interactions, precursor ratios, and growth temperatures. Using these results, we propose a crystallization mechanism defined by the competition between covalent and vdW bonding interactions and epitaxy. As physical properties directly correlate to the structure, dimensionality, and size in the solid state, I will also talk about how the unique topographies of resulting freestanding nanostructures dictate their electronic properties. I will describe how the synthetic control over the structural attributes led to our discovery of emergent properties such as the elusive indirect-to-direct band gap transition and higher-order topological states in 1D vdW nanostructures. Through these efforts, we define for the first time the anisotropy-driven growth of these emergent 1D vdW-derived nanostructures and how nanoscale morphologies in these nanostructures dictate their electronic structures. Altogether, this precise control over crystalline and electronic structure poises these emergent low-dimensional solids as building blocks towards programmable electrocatalysts, densified electronic and quantum devices in sensing, photonic, energy storage and conversion, and spintronic technologies.


Abstract Near ring is a generalization of ring: addition need not beabelian, and (more importantly) only one distributive law is postulated. In this paper, we establish a new generalization of near ring, namely near generalized ring. We also investigate some interesting algebraic properties of the near generalized ring. Moreover, we discuss the concept of commutativities and homomorphisms of near generalized rings and then some related properties are investigated. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of quotient structures of near generalized rings using congruence relations. Finally, fundamental theorem of near generalized ring homomorphisms analogues of ring theory is obtained.


Since September 2008, global and regional employment markets have been seriously undermined as a result of the global financial crisis. This article analyses how the Taiwanese labour market, particularly the market for atypical labour, has been affected by the current global financial crisis and examines whether workers have experienced a significant difference in their level of job satisfaction (JS) as a result of the crisis. The path analysis for the 'gap in job satisfaction' (GiJS) before and after the global financial crisis shows that there are significant differences in the GiJS among respondents, which can be attributed to several factors: most importantly, type of work, followed by educational level, and, finally, monthly income. Gender has less effect on the GiJS than other variables; however, it does affect the GiJS insofar as it influences type of work and monthly income. As a result of the global financial crisis, atypical workers, workers with little education and poorly paid workers have significantly lower JS than workers engaged in typical employment, well-educated workers and well-paid workers. The three disadvantaged groups have experienced a greater reduction of JS than the other groups.


Limit equilibrium is a common method used to analyze the stability of a slope, and minimization of the factor of safety or identification of critical slip surfaces is a classical geotechnical problem in the context of limit equilibrium methods for slope stability analyses. A mutative scale chaos optimization algorithm is employed in this study to locate the noncircular critical slip surface with Spencer's method being employed to compute the factor of safety. Four examples from the literature—one homogeneous slope and three layered slopes—are employed to identify the efficiency and accuracy of this approach. Results indicate that the algorithm is flexible and that although it does not generally provide the minimum FS, it provides results that are close to the minimum, an improvement over other solutions proposed in the literature and with small relative errors with respect to other minimum factor of safety (FS) values reported in the literature.


Using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent,the three-dimensional turbulent flow of the reactor coolant pump(RCP) impeller at different flow rates and different concentrations of boric acid is simulated.With the experimental data,different effects on RCP performance are analyzed between water and boric acid,especially the influence to the impeller.The feasibility of taking the water as coolant in RCP by using numerical simulation method is analyzed,and the result shows that negligible differences in water and boric acid was acquired even in abnormal concentration of boric acid.It proved that the using of water as coolant when conducting a simulation is feasible.


Meta-complexity studies the complexity of computational problems about complexity theory, such as the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP) and its variants. We show that a relativization barrier applies to many important open questions in meta-complexity. We give relativized worlds where: 1. MCSP can be solved in deterministic polynomial time, but the search version of MCSP cannot be solved in deterministic polynomial time, even approximately. In contrast, Carmosino, Impagliazzo, Kabanets, Kolokolova [CCC'16] gave a randomized approximate search-to-decision reduction for MCSP with a relativizing proof. 2. The complexities of MCSP[2 n/ 2 ] and MCSP[2 n/ 4 ] are different, in both worst-case and average-case settings. Thus the complexity of MCSP is not "robust" to the choice of the size function. 3. Levin's time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity Kt( x ) can be approximated to a factor (2 + ϵ ) in polynomial time, for any ϵ > 0. 4. Natural proofs do not exist, and neither do auxiliary-input one-way functions. In contrast, Santhanam [ITCS'20] gave a relativizing proof that the non-existence of natural proofs implies the existence of one-way functions under a conjecture about optimal hitting sets. 5. DistNP does not reduce to GapMINKT by a family of "robust" reductions. This presents a technical barrier for solving a question of Hirahara [FOCS'20].


Background: Growing histological and genetic evidence supports the notion that defects in autophagy may underlie some cases of ALS-FTLD. Consistent with this proposal we recently reported an autophagy phenotype in motor neuron-like cells (NSC-34) expressing an ALS mutant SQSTM1/p62 sequence. Specifically, L341Vmutant EGFP-mCherry-SQSTM1/p62 was less readily incorporated into acidic autophagic vesicles than the wildtype, due to defective recognition of the autophagy adapter protein LC3B (1).


Ordered Ni/Cu nanocable arrays with Cu core and Ni shell were fabricated by electrochemical template synthesis based on anodic alumina membranes and Ni nanotube arrays were then obtained by selective etching the Cu cores from Ni/Cu nanocable arrays. Magnetic hysteresis loops show that Ni nanotube arrays possess uniaxial anisotropy with the easy axis along Ni nanotubes,indicating their potential applications in the high density perpendicular magnetic recording.


Recently, the trend towards increasing the utilization of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is becoming essential and encouraged by all governments worldwide to reduce carbon emission and pollution. This paper studies EV charging stations' effect on the grid performance in both conventional and fast charging modes. Charging EVs without coordination leads to grid problems such as increased energy losses and voltage deviations. Therefore, coordinated charging is crucial to minimize these issues to increase grid efficiency, stability, and reliability. The optimization technique used in this paper to meet the above requirements is genetic algorithm (GA). The work reported in this paper provides a comprehensive comparison between conventional and fast charging of EVs with coordination, considering the effect of EVs penetration level on the grid performance is considered. An optimal solution aiming to minimize grid losses and achieve reduced voltage fluctuations is provided for charging EVs in the two cases by coordinating the charging time and identifying each connected vehicle's charging location on the distribution grid. Simulation results are provided to elucidate the presented concepts.


The mastication is the most important function of this morphofunctional system, since its contribution to growth, development and maintenance of osteodental arcs and the craniofacial complex. Masticatory movements in man are almost cyclic and mainly vertical. The precise movements depend on many factors, such as the amount of food, its consistency and the morphology of the occlusal planes. . Chewing movements and chewing forces result from a coordinated pattern of muscle activities. The basic pattern results from a central pattern generator in the brain stem. To understand aspects of physiology of masticatory function contributes to the use of therapeutic strategies in diseases that affect the stomatognathic system. The aim of this paper is to review the current concepts in the physiology of mastication.


This paper offers a framework for implementing successful mobile learning systems. The framework is based on established learning theory but contextualises this theory in the light of the issues and challenges of mobile technology. The paper then uses this framework to evaluate an SMS pilot project currently being conducted at a UK university.


The significance of transverse gravity stress on fluid volume regulation in supine humans was studied on the D2 Spacelab mission, a Mir mission, and in a head-down tilt bed rest study. A new hypothesis is presented which states that on the ground, the transverse G-stress in supine or slightly head-down tilted humans has a more pronounced effect than anticipated on the interaction of central cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal variables. Also, total abolishment of the G-stress during space flight induces a more pronounced decrease in intravascular volume than the decrease induced by prolonged head-down bed rest, which results in stimulation of fluid retaining mechanisms.


We consider the well-known problem of segmenting a color image into foreground-background pixels. Such result can be obtained by segmenting the red, green and blue channels directly. Alternatively, the result may be obtained through the transformation of the color image into other color spaces, such as HSV or normalized colors. The problem then is how to select the color space or color channel that produces the best segmentation result. Furthermore, if more than one channels are equally good candidates, the next problem is how to combine the results. In this article, we investigate if the principles of the formal model for diversification of Markowitz (1952) can be applied to solve the problem. We verify, in theory and in practice, that the proposed diversification model can be applied effectively to determine the most appropriate combination of color spaces for the application at hand.


Ss were shown a rapid sequence of words and had to (a) make a speeded response to the presentation of a predefined target and (b) report a "response word" which they thought immediately followed the target in the sequence. In Experiment I presentation rate was varied orthogonally with the number of alternative targets. Detection errors and latency increased with target set size, as did the distance of the response word from the target in the list sequence. Increases in presentation rate produced greater target-response distance without affecting detection time. In Experiment II Ss were in some conditions given only the initial letter of the targets; the response could be either the whole word following the target or only its initial letter. The results indicated that Ss could, within limits, concurrently detect initial letters and identify words. Alternatives to hierarchical-type models of stimulus processing in visual search were discussed. Method The stimulus materials, apparatus, and procedure were identical to those used in Experiment I, with 12 new Ss tested for 3 consecutive days. The only change was that the presentation rate was held constant at eight words/sec-and the three blocks of 30 trials each day corresponded to the three different tasks. The Ss were told that the experiment concerned the ability of people to process different types of information from rapidly presented sequences of words. The three tasks were described in detail, and the experiment proceeded as before.


This study aims to determine: (1) the forms of parental intervention in the child's household, (2) a review of Islamic law on the forms of parental interference in the child's household. The data in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with resource persons who married at a young age and experienced parental intervention in their household. This type of research is a case study qualitative research. This research was conducted using semi-structured interview data collection techniques, so as to be able to develop answers from sources. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, by com bining the results of interviews and theories, it is concluded that the view of Islamic law on parents who interfere in determining the place of residence for children's households is permissible


Blade severs are being increasingly deployed in modern datacenters due to their high performance/cost ratio and compact size. In this study, we document our work on blade server based datacenter thermal management. Our goal is to minimize the total energy costs (usage) of datacenter operation while providing a reasonable thermal environment for their reliable operation. Due to special characteristics of blade servers, we argue that previously proposed power-oriented schemes are ineffective for blade server-based datacenters and that task-oriented scheduling is a more practicable approach since the contribution to the total energy cost from cooling and computing systems varies according to the utilization rates. CFD simulations are used to evaluate scheduling results of three different task scheduling algorithms: uniform outlet profile (UOP), minimal computing energy (MCE), and uniform task (UT), under four different blade-server energy consumption models: discretenonoptimal (DNO), discreteoptimal (DO), analognonoptimal (ANO), and analogoptimal (AO). Simulation results show that the MCE algorithm, in most cases, results in a minimal total energy cost - a conclusion that differs from the findings of previous research. UOP performs better than UT at low datacenter utilization rates, whereas UT outperforms UOP at high utilization rates


Sir John Andrew Stevenson is well renowned for his symphonies and accompaniments
to Thomas Moore's Irish Melodies, his glees and cathedral works. This thesis focuses
on the songs of Sir John Andrew Stevenson and includes a catalogue of his works
which amounts to more than three hundred individual pieces containing the majority of
his output. Very little has been written about these songs so investigating this
repertoire relies heavily on information provided in the catalogues. The aim of this
thesis is to draw attention to Stevenson's songs and to provide a reliable and
informative listing of these songs.


Immunoreactivity to galanin in the small intestine of wild boars Summary Galanin is a 29/30-amino acid peptide with a wide array of biological activities. At a central level, galanin mediates feeding behavior, nociception, learning and co-transmission. The presence of galanin has been found in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Although in the ENS of humans, domestic animals and laboratory animals, the presence of galanin-ergic neurons and their chemical coding have been studied, the occurrence and biochemical profile of galanin-ergic neurons in ENS of wildlife animals is still obscure. The aim of the present study was using immunohistochemical methods to evaluate whether and to what extend galanin is expressed in enteric neurons and nerve fibers supplying distinct regions of the wild boar small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Double immunohistochemical stainings were applied in order to study the co-localization of galanin with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in enteric neurons and nerve fibers innervating the wild boar small intestine. Depending on the region of the wild boar small intestine, the expression of galanin was found in 5-10% of myenteric neurons and in 45-65% of submucous neurons. In all three segments of the small intestine, moderately numerous/numerous galanin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were found between neurons of myenteric and submucous ganglia, smooth muscle circular layer and between gland and villi of the mucosa. In the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the jejunum and ileum (but not duodenum) the presence of single galanin-IR nerve fibers were found. The presence of single galanin-expressing nerve fibers was localized around duodenal Brunner's glands, blood vessels of the jejunal submucous layer, as well as in lamina muscularis mucosae of all regions of wild boars small intestines. In all regions of the small intestine, quite numerous galanin-IR submucous neurons (but not myenteric) as well as the smooth muscles-, submucosa- and mucosa-supplying galanin-IR nerve fibers co-expressed VIP. In galanin-IR nervous structures of the wild boar duodenum, jejunum and ileum no co-localizations with NOS and NPY have been found.


Using inexpensive industry silicon sol as the nanoparticle of SiO2,the chitosan-SiO2 complex membranes were prepared by the blend of chitosan acetic acid solution and the silicon sol. The mechanics properties of membrane at dry and wet state,the swelling ratio,the ultraviolet – visible spectrometer absorbency,the morphologies of SiO2 particles,and the interaction between the chitosan and SiO2 were investigated. The results revealed that the swelling ratio was decreased from 65.88% to 45.65%,the optical absorbency was increased to the max value and then gradually decrease in the range of wave length of 200 ~ 800 nm as the increase of the mass percent of SiO2. When the mass percent of SiO2 was 14.07%,the tensile strength,and the elongation at break of dry state membrane were optimum,and their value were 58.09 MPa,20.74%,respectively. As the mass percent of SiO2 was 30.30%,the tensile strength,and the elongation at break of wet state membrane were best,and their value were 35.83 MPa,114.76%,respectively. There existed the strong interaction between the chitosan and SiO2,leading the SiO2 particles dispersed in complex membrane. Such complex membrane had biocompatible and water resistance,which might be a potential biomaterials membrane in the field of separation.


The study of Personnel Participation in Educational Quality Assurance of International Aviation College Nakhon Phanom University aims to study and examine:
(1) Level of Personnel Participation in the Quality Assurance of the International Aviation College and,
(2) the Relationship between Psychological Characteristic Factor and Working Environmental Factor of Personnel Participation in Educational Quality Assurance of International Aviation College.
This research is the Quantitative Research, summarized and critiqued by Focus Group. Instrument used to collect data is Questionnaire. Research Population is Executive Instructor Administrators and supportive personnel of International Aviation College including relevant personnel of Nakhon Phanom University in the total of 101 people and the specific selected sample group of 40 people. The statistics used in data analysis including Frequency, Percentage, Means, Standard Deviation and Pearson's producted moment Correlation.
Level of Personnel Participation, the results showed that the overall of Psychological Characteristics Independent Variable Factor is at high level. When consider in each aspect found that all factors are in high level of characteristics by the following categories: Attitudes toward Participation in Educational Quality Assurance, Personnel Mental Health, Working Motivation, and Attitudes toward the Educational Quality Assurance. Work Environmental Factors, in overall are at the high level. When consider in each factor, found that each factor is in high level by the following categories respectively: Training aspect, Organizational Atmosphere aspect, Communication aspect, and the Supporting from Administrators aspect. However, Dependent Variables in Participation in Educational Quality Assurance, in overall are in high level. When consider in each aspect, found that all aspects are in high level by the following categories: Inspection aspect, Planning and System Adjustment and Correction and the Process aspect that responded to the focus group conclusion that referred to the Educational Quality Assurance level. However, despite of the Support from Administrators aspect and Process are at high level, but personnel's opinions are lower than other aspects.
Relationships between Participation in Educational Quality Assurance, the results found that all Independent Variables are in high relationships. Thus, for Psychological Characteristic factor, found that all Empirical Variables are correlated in the statistical significant level of 0.01, most of which are correlated at high level. Work Environmental Factors, found that all Empirical Variables are correlated in the statistical significant level of 0.01 and mostly are correlated from low to high level. The Participation in Educational Quality Assurance Factor, found that all Empirical Variables are correlated in the statistical significant level of 0.01 and mostly are correlated in the moderate level, which responds to the focus group conclusion, that quoted about Factors that affect Participation in Educational Quality Assurance must abided with all factors of both weakness points and strong points integration in order to achieve effectiveness.
Internal and external factors of International Aviation College Personnel have no differences in Participation in Quality Assurance as in accordance with the Hypothesis.


This paper outlines the architecture and functions of a D-agent based control and coordination framework for a typical rural Indian microgrid. The microgrid topology consists of independent agents for the storage bank, solar PV array, biogas generator and fixed load. The algorithm of the D-agent has been developed to ensure optimal load servicing by dynamic resource allocation for increased operational efficiency. The operational algorithm has been verified using three different design test cases at an hourly interval of system operation for a period of one year. Low system cost, servicing efficiency and balanced utilization of the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), are the proposed design test cases. These cases verify the flexibility of the D-agent algorithm. The D-agent ensures optimal utilization of available resources while providing maximum servicing of loads. This is achieved by monitoring and controlling the DER operation based on the current energy availability and load demand for the next interval of system operation.


The present work analyzes the situation of workers of the hospital complex of the Juquery before specializing in Psychiatry and now in the process of transformation into a Hospital specializing in long-term care. Analyzing the trajectory of the nursing assistants who work exclusively on Juquery in Mental health care. The study, based on analysis of a focus group, sought to identify factors that may interfere negatively or positive in the success of this transition, in order to produce data for formative intervention. The text brings general reflections on Work, society and State, contextualizing the work as a privileged field on identity achievement built based on the concept of recognition, as worked out by Taylor and Honneth.


Some sociological aspects of «funeral situation» studies and funeral rites on the base of Russian materials are discussed in the article. The subject is examined from the social practice theory and structural constructivism points of view. The author observes different problems of interaction between family, church, state and ritual services taking history dynamics into consideration. Essential fields of their interactivity are exposed.


The authors have established conditions for obtaining the lowest possible limits of detection of tungsten in rocks and minerals by atomic emission spectroscopy by investigating a range of sulfidizing and chlorinating agents and assessing their activation energies during tungsten sample preparation and evaporation and their effects on the line intensities and resolutions of the spectra. Antimony sulfides, silver chlorides, cadmium chlorides, and lead sulfides were tested. Results indicated that antimony sulfides generated the sharpest lines. X-ray diffraction was conducted for comparative purposes.


This article is devoted to philosophical dimension of Rudolf Otto's work «The Idea of the Holy». The author is interested in transformation of Kant philosophy by J. F. Fries and following fracture of Kantianism and Friesianism in Otto's «The Idea of the Holy». The subject of research is also philosophic-phenomenological perspective of descriptive sections of «The Idea of the Holy», devoted to moments of numinous.


Why are investors buying underperforming mutual funds? To address this problem, we develop a principal-agent model based on a sequential game played by a representative investor and a fund manager in an asymmetric information framework. The model shows that investors' perceptions of the fund market play the key role in the fund's fee-setting mechanism. The managers' true ability to deliver performance is not relevant. Along with a simple relation between fees and funds' performance, empirical evidence suggests that most U.S. domestic equity mutual funds have added high markups in recent years. For these fees to be justified, we show that investors would have expected the fund managers to be able to deliver an overall annual excess-return of around 3% over the S&P 500, net of fees, irrespective of the investment style and of the risk level of the funds. Therefore, we interpret these high markups as resulting from the investors' optimism bias whose root can be found in their lack of financial literacy as well as in funds' marketing effort. We demonstrate that investors' over-optimism and their misperception about the fund market drive them into buying underperforming mutual funds, which then allows mutual fund managers to charge high markups. JEL classification: G23, G11, D82.


In order to shrink down the contact hole which is usually much larger than other patterns, the resist reflow process (RRP) has been widely used. Various types, shapes, and pitches of contact hole arrays are made by RRP, but RRP was limited to be used only for contact hole patterns. The same RRP method is expanded to 32 nm node arbitrary and complex patterns including dense line and space patterns. There might be simple 1-dimensional patterns, but 2-dimensional proximity conflict patterns are difficult to make in general. Specially, the data split with proximity correction needs a lot of attention for double patterning. 32 nm node arbitrary patterns can be easily made by using RRP without complex data split.


Optical buffers are critical for optical signal processing in future optical packet-switched networks. In this letter, we present a dual-loop optical buffer (DLOB) that is based on a 3 /spl times/ 3 collinear fiber coupler. A DLOB has compact structure and needs low control power for switch operation. There is only one switch in the buffer for both "write" and "erase" operation. The experiment results of storage of optical packets at 100 Mb/s is presented first and then its capacity is extended further to higher data rates of 2.5 Gb/s. Storage has been observed for more than 32 circulations in both cases.


Unless the results of archaeological research are disseminated, the value of conducting that research is questionable. Mechanisms currently utilized by archaeologists to publish or otherwise distribute reports are inadequate to handle the number of reports being written. Archaeologists should begin utilizing the National Technical Information Service's abstracting and microfiche program. This program would publicize reports and make them available to interested archaeologists.


The study of a person's determination activity is one of the most important tasks facing today's psychology field. Psychometric analysis of voluntary activity is one of the most studied topics in modern psychology. This article analyzes empirical data obtained from the diagnostic methodology of situational and personality determinants of voluntary activity and the personality traits such as persistence, diligence, responsibility, attentiveness, patience, diligence, independence, perseverance, initiative.


The Decision on Strengthening the Governing Capability of the CPC by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee shows the new understanding of the law on governance by the CPC, which mainly shows in the four aspects: the new understanding of the state function and the capability of the ruling party; in the new view of building up the governing capability of the CPC; in new requirements for building a evaluation system of scientific governing capability and in the purpose of exercising state power according to science, democracy and law.


BACKGROUND
Despite decades of research, our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology remains incomplete. In recent years, appreciation has grown for potential roles for the microbiota in shaping neurological health.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine associations between the microbiota and AD in a human cross-sectional cohort.

METHODS
Forty-five AD patients and 54 matched controls were recruited in Vancouver, Canada. Fecal and oral samples underwent 16S microbiota sequencing. A wide array of demographic and clinical data were collected. Differences between participant groups were assessed, and associations between microbes and clinical variables were examined within the AD population.

RESULTS
The gut microbiota of AD patients displayed lower diversity relative to controls, although taxonomic differences were sparse. In contrast, the AD oral microbiota displayed higher diversity, with several taxonomic differences relative to controls, including a lower abundance of the families Streptococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae, and a higher abundance of Weeksellaceae, among others. The periodontitis-associated oral microbe Porphyromonas gingivalis was 5 times more prevalent among patients. No significant associations between gut or oral microbes and cognition were detected, but several correlations existed between microbes and mood disorders and BMI among patients, including a strong positive correlation between Alphaproteobacteria and depression score.

CONCLUSION
The gut microbiota of AD patients was not overtly different from controls, although it displayed lower diversity, an overall marker of microbiota health. The oral microbiota did display marked differences. Cognition was not associated with a microbial signature, but other relevant AD factors including mood and BMI did demonstrate an association.


College dormitory is an important place for college students to rest, entertain, communicate and study. Therefore, strengthening the construction and management of dormitory culture of college students is an urgent need to train high-quality talents. At present, colleges and universities should continue to study the construction and management of dormitory culture of college students, explore its basic laws, and study the main problems in dormitory management of college students, so as to improve the level of dormitory


Abstract The application of macro- and micro-electrodes constructed using the new ionophore were tested in a range of solution compositions reflecting concentrations found in fresh waters, and containing Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 2-, HCO3 2-, H4SiO4 and a natural humic acid. The inhibition of the electrode responses to these ions was quantified using a mixed-solution method by optimising the agreement between the measured potentials and predictions from the Nicolsky-Eisenman equation. In addition, measurements were made in separate solutions of KC1 to enable results to be compared with the literature. Apart from the results obtained for humic acid, mean selectivity coefficients for 16 macro- and 21 micro-electrode experiments are given. The results indicate inhibition of the electrode response to phosphate for all the anions in the concentration ranges of 0.05–1 mM Cl−, 0.1–1.0 mM NO3 −, 0.1–10.0 mM HCO3 − and 0.1–1.5 mM SO4 2- with high selectivity for HPO4 2- in the presence of both dissolved silicon and a standard humic acid. This means that the application of the electrodes to hard waters is impracticable although studies of soft waters and laboratory studies in controlled conditions, e.g. calcium phosphate precipitation experiments, are feasible.


With the isolation, purification and sequencing of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), interest turned towards its physiological significance. In order for this to be properly evaluated a means had to be developed for measuring its concentration in serum and tissues. A radioimmunoassay was the method of choice due to the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision. This thesis describes the steps involved in the development of a radioimmunoassay. Specific and sensitive antiserum had to be produced. 125 A method had to be standardized for obtaining a high purity I labelled GIP. With the attainment of these two goals the assay environment had to be evaluated to yield an optimum incubation volume, Trasylol concentration, plasma concentration, pH and incubation timing. Since the antibody/antigen complexes do not spontaneously precipitate, a method of separation was decided upon which yielded efficient separation coupled with technical practicality. Analysis of data was evaluated and the most appropriate means of correcting for non specific binding was determined. Once the assay was established it had to be investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. First the specificity of the antiserum was tested against other gastrointestinal polypeptides. A serum at various dilutions was measured to compare unknown and standard GIP reactivity with antibody. A quality control chart utilizing 10% CCK-PZN was set up. The fasting normal range for GIP was determined. The assay was then utilized in a series of preliminary studies i v t o e v a l u a t e t h e GIP r e s p o n s e t o f e e d i n g and o r a l g l u c o s e t o l e r a n c e t e s t s . I n i t i a l e v i d e n c e f o r the i n s u l i n o t r o p i c a c t i o n o f GIP was p r e s e n t e d . I n d i c a t e d a l s o was an i m p l i c a t i o n o f GIP i n v o l v e m e n t i n v a r i o u s p a t h o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s .


American Indians and National Forests. By Theodore Catton. Foreword by Joel D. Holtrop. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2016. x + 374 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95; ebook.)

This book was commissioned by the US Forest Service (USFS) and is important scholarship on USFS-tribal relationships and Indian forestry. The first part of the book brings together secondary sources to highlight conservation history and the development of the USFS-tribal relationships. These relationships changed through the major eras of US tribal policy: treaty, removal, Indian New Deal, allotment, termination, and self-determination. The establishment of National Forests co-occurred with the loss of Indian land and Catton argues Indian forestry developed in part to stop "further diminishment of the Indian estate" … mdockry{at}fs.fed.us


In recent years, the breast cancer incidence and mortality rates have been increasing. China has being carried on the comprehensive mammary gland scanning program for earlier detection. In order to training medical professionals, especially on clinical practice, computer aided information and diagnostic systems are required. Such computer aided diagnose information system can help doctors learn existing materials easier to improve their expertise in breast cancer diagonostic practices.


Neural networks are developed in this work to calculate mechanical properties of hot coils of C-Mn and microalloyed steels from their chemical composition and rolling process data. The precision achieved by such models is between that got by linear equations and by commercial models (VAIQ-Strip). So the neural networks approach is a balanced alternative between performance and effort required for model development. The quantitative degree of contribution and relevance of each independent variable in the forecast results ae also determined according to several statistical criteria. This procedure shows that the hot strip rolling process has a smaller effect over mechanical properties of the coil than that observed from the chemical composition of the steel.


The cytoplasm of the ova of ten species of insects, distributed among the Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, and Neuroptera, has been studied. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes were traced. They increase in number by fragmentation, but whether they may also arise de novo was not determined. They play no visible part in the formation of yolk or fat or any other structures or substances. Fat and yolk apparently arise independently in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles, which may stain with neutral red, may be present, but they are independent of the Golgi bodies. There is no vacuome in the sense in which Parat and others use the term. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes are interpreted as substances rather than structures and as intermediate products of metabolism. Other bodies of unknown nature and function are present. The yolk nucleus of Gelastocoris is interpreted as a synthetic center.


This exhibition presents the work of the architects, artists, filmmakers, investigative journalists, and collaborators who make up the Forensic Architecture agency at Goldsmiths, University of London. Established in 2010, we use architecture as an investigative tool, primarily for the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of armed conflict and political struggles. Our evidence has been presented in international courts, truth commissions, human and environmental forums, and widely in the media. This exhibition arrives at a time of extreme escalation in the practice of state denial and propaganda. While exploring the development and transformation of the investigative practice that bears its name, the exhibition challenges us to consider how contemporary aesthetic practices and media technologies can be geared up to engage this reality of so-called post-truth.

The exhibition is organized into three parts. The first part presents Forensic Architecture's investigation of the enforced disappearance of 43 students from the Escuela Normal Raul Isidro Burgos de Ayotzinapa, in Iguala, Mexico, on 26–27 September 2014. Commissioned by the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF) and the Miguel Agustin Pro Juarez Human Rights Center (Centro Prodh), the investigation maps the different narratives of perpetrators and victims, as well as attempts at the interruption of violence in relation to one of the most tragic events in the recent Mexican history.

The second and third parts of the show feature a selection of recent cases undertaken by Forensic Architecture and its collaborators, and their research on the relation between human violence and environmental destruction.

The perimeter wall, encircling the second and third parts of the exhibition, forms an extended essay that unpacks the theoretical and historical framework developed by Forensic Architecture, and a methodological reflection on a new investigative aesthetics.


Conventional cellular test, such as clonogenic assay and MTT assay, can only be used to determine the cell effects at one certain time point and impossible for dynamic monitoring. Real time electronic cellular sensor (RT-CES) has been developed for real-time and dynamic cellular monitoring. In this paper, we described how to use RT-CES for real-time monitoring the dynamic change induced by the toxicants and radiotherapy. The gold nanoparticles enhanced radiotherapy was evaluated. Radiation therapy resistance was measured in real time and the dynamic data were used to guide radiotherapy on cancer cells in vitro.


Hydra, is genus of freshwater cnidarian polyp found in freshwater ponds and streams all over the world. Its remarkable ability to regenerate missing body parts, and even its whole bodies from fragments, has made Hydra a model system for regeneration and development for over 250 years. Despite their anatomical simplicity, much about Hydra's basic biology and extraordinary regeneration caption remains mysterious. The simplicity of caring for and doing experiments on Hydra makes it an accessible subject for undergraduate research, high school lab activities, or even a home hobbyist. This collection of protocols describes low-cost methods for maintaining Hydra cultures, including step-by-step instructions for preparing media, growing brine shrimp for feeding to Hydra, and caring for your Hydra colonies. We've focused on equipment that can be found in most high school and college labs, or consumer products that can be purchased online. Experiments on Hydra can be incredibly simple. Much can be learned from dissecting a Hydra and observing its regeneration. Hydra's response to varying environmental conditions can also be explored in a classroom setting with minimal resources. These simple experiments can be a bridge to cutting-edge molecular biology and stem cell research. Sequencing of the Hydra genome has opened the door for genetic manipulations and large-scale bioinformatics studies. Transgenic lines with fluorescently-labeled cell types and proteins, including neuron and muscle activity reporters, are available. References: Contents: 1: Storing brine shrimp cysts 2: Brine shrimp hatching medium 3: Hatch brine shrimp 4: Prepare stock solutions 5: Prepare Hydra medium 6: Harvest brine shrimp 7: Feed Hydra 8: Routine Hydra tank cleaning 9: Full cleaning of Hydra tanks 10: Monitor Hydra health 11: Emergency antibiotic treatment


The acute toxicity of organochlorine (lindane) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) pesticides on biochemical constituents in liver and ovary of fresh water fish Clarias batrachus were observed during spawning phase. The fish was exposed to sublethal concentrations of these pesticides for 96 hours. The levels of total protein, glycogen and nucleic acids were significantly lower in both the tissues in comparison with controls. It is concluded that biochemical concentrations in liver and ovary of Clarias batrachus are useful biomarkers of sublethal effects of pesticides under observation.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess parental reliability in estimating child body weight in emergency situations, when weighing the child is often impossible.

METHODS
312 parents were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that included estimating their child's weight. 233 questionnaires were enrolled in the study and were assessed statistically using Students t test, and chi2 and ANOVA tests.

RESULTS
51.5% of parents estimated their child's body weight within +/-5% of the true weight, 73.4% within +/-10%, and 87.5% within +/-20%. A significant difference was found between paternal and maternal estimations, with 56% of mothers and only 40.3% of fathers estimating within a 5% range of accuracy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Parents, especially mothers, can estimate their child's body weight within clinically acceptable limits. These estimations can reliably be used to calculate drug doses in prehospital and emergency department situations, when children's weight is not known and cannot be measured.


This essay analyzes the causes of civil wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) by testing several hypotheses at the national, regional, and systemic levels. Particular emphasis is given to the current debate over the prevalence of the grievance and greed approaches in spurring civil wars. The analysis employs either robust probit or instrumental variable probit to deal with endogeneity and to estimate time series data from 1959 to 1998. The grievance approach contending that civil war emerges from the politics of exclusion and a lack of state penetration holds in the case of the DRC. The greed approach, which argues that intra-state or civil wars are usually carried out by selfinterested bandits or greedy rebels, does not explain the Congolese case well. The essay also demonstrates other factors that have impacted the occurrence of intra-state or civil wars in the DRC, including the presence of hostile neighbors and the amount of financial and diplomatic support western states gave to state managers. These results have important implications for preventing civil wars in environmentally rich developing lands such as the DRC.


Background: The portable glucose meter is useful in operating rooms and intensive care units (ICUs), where blood glucose concentration must be analyzed frequently and rapidly, and provides immediate information for clinical decisions. At present, the glucose-oxidase(GOD) method is used extensively among many glucose measurement methods but blood oxygen concentration affects this blood glucose value because oxygen, at increased concentration, consumes blood glucose which cannot then be measured by GOD method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of blood oxygen pressure on the blood glucose value by GOD method by the comparison of arterial and venous blood glucose values. Method: Patients are randomly assigned to FiO₂. 0.33(group I; n=15), FiO₂ 0.5(group 2; n=15) and FiO₂ 1.0(group 3; n=15) groups. 20 minutes after intubation, the samples were obtained from artery and vein. Blood glucose concentrations were measured by portable glucose meter, respectively. Result: The value of arterial blood glucose when measured by the GOD method could be underestimated more than the value of venous blood glucose by 3~5 mg/dl. Conclusion: The blood glucose value obtained by GOD method is certainly affected by increased blood oxygen pressure. The underestimation is not a clinical problem when blood glucose is high, but anesthesiologist should pay attention to hypoglycemia by the GOD method when blood oxygen pressure is high. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1996; 30: 698-702)


adsorption/desorptionanalysis (BET), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic behaviorof this new solid acid supported heterogeneous catalyst was checked in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes by cyclocondensation reaction of β-naphthol and aryl aldehydes under solvent-freeconditions. The results showed that the novel catalyst has high activity and the desired products were obtainedin very short reaction times with high yields. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration andreused at least three times with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.Key Words : Alumina supported polyphosphoric acid, 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes, Heterogeneouscatalysis, Solvent-free conditionsIntroductionThe use of homogeneous acid catalysts has some majorlimitations including no possible reuse, difficulty of productsseparation, air and moisture sensitivity and low productselectivity.


ABSTRACT Observation has suggested that different subgroups of precocious readers might be distinguishtd by different patterns of strengths and weaknesses. In particular, it seems that one group of children might be distinguished by the strength of their top-down, conceptuallydriven1pLocesses,,And another by their strong bottoms-up, text driven processes."To determine if these impressions of precocious readers' strategies provide a valid description of more than a few-cases, 87 teacher-designated precocious readers'at the kindergarten level were studied. The children completed a reading comprehension test; tests of reading, verbal ability, and short term memqry; and a batters, of oral reading measures. In addition, their parents completed questionnaires describing the reading histories and reading habits of their children. Results indicated that precocious readers were especially adept at tasks that drew on processes above the individual word level. However, any generalizatfods about this group must be tempered by consideration of individual differences. within the group. (FL)


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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by TB germs (mycobacterium tuberculosis). Health problems experienced by one family member can affect other family members, especially families who care for TB patients known as infectious diseases, so families are required to understand pulmonary TB as a whole. However, families who care for TB patients still lack understanding about recovery of the pulmonary TB patients. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of health counseling on family knowledge about recovery of pulmonary TB patients in the working area of Puskesmas. The kind of research is quantitative using the pre-experimental design of one group pre-post test. The subject of research were families who treated TB patients in the working area of Puskesmas Burau. Interventions got by providing health counseling using leaflets. Data collection method used a questionnaire. The results of the study used paired samples T-test with a calculated value for the influence of health counseling on family knowledge about recovery of pulmonary TB patients obtained p-value = 0,000 smaller than the value of p-value = 0.05. From the analysis can be interpreted that Ha is accepted and H0 rejected or there was an effect of health counseling on family knowledge about recovery of pulmonary TB patients. The suggestion of research is suggested to the health center to keep improving the health counseling  routines that have been conducted and to modify the counseling method so that TB patients and families are not saturated with the provision of information about pulmonary TB.


The anatomy of a new species of heteronemertean from the Mediterranean, Oxypolella banyulensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by having a dermis comprising subepidermal longitudinal muscle fibres arranged in characteristic piles, a three-layered proboscis with four main regions, one ciliated pit in the frontal organ, two dorsal nerves and a thin inner circular muscle layer. Further notes on Oxypolella bergendali are given.


According to A BET (Engineering Accreditation Commission), engineering programs are required to train the students 'to communicate effectively. This echoes the increasingly heard call from companies to deliver students with excellent communication skills. Unfortunately, this does not provide an answer to two important questions. First, what is understood by communicating effectively? Secondly, what are the implications of this requirement for the classroom practice of the majority of engineering courses, which do not explicitly incorporate communication skills? According to the authors, the first question can be answered by referring to the rhetorical definition of effectiveness (more specifically the theoretical insights provided by Quintilian) and its relevance for technical communication. According to its, 'communicating effectively' is more an attitude than a highly specific-skill to be learned. Furthermore, the second issue can be answered by introducing the idea of the concept of visual rhetoric, which proves to be an ideal tool to focus on audience perception, one of the key rhetorical terms. In accordance with the teaching rationale developed by our colleagues from Antwerp University, which incorporates the strengths of collaborative,e working, we therefore propose a teaching methodology that can be used in any engineering course that would help students to learn to communicate effectively. After having introduced this leaching methodology in our communication course, we set tip a qualitative Study of the revision plans written by our students. In conclusion, we can claim that our students have successfully incorporated the 'attitude' of communicating effectively.


In-context learning (ICL), the ability of large language models to perform novel tasks by conditioning on a prompt with a few task examples, requires these examples to be informative about the test instance. The standard approach of independently ranking and selecting the most similar examples selects redundant examples while omitting important information. In this work, we show that BERTScore-Recall (BSR) selects better examples that demonstrate more of the salient aspects, e.g. reasoning patterns, of the test input. We further extend BSR and many standard metrics to easily optimizable set-level metrics, giving still better coverage of those salient aspects. On 15 datasets spanning 6 tasks and with 7 diverse LLMs, we show that (1) BSR is the superior metric for in-context example selection across the board, and (2) for compositional tasks, set selection using Set-BSR outperforms independent ranking by up to 17 points on average and, despite being training-free, surpasses methods that leverage task or LLM-specific training.


Catalytic carbon-carbon bond formation is one of the most important reaction for constructing organic molecules. A two-component system containing palladium and copper effectively catalyzes a carbon-carbon coupling between sp2- and sp-carbons to give conjugated ene-yne compounds and aromatic acetylenes. This article reviews recent development of the palladium-catalyzed sp2-sp carbon-carbon coupling and its application to the synthesis of functional materials such as bioactive compounds, π-conjungated compounds, and liquid crystals.


In the present textbooks the concept of 'work' is mathematically defined as the product of a force times its displacement, and the concept of the 'kinetic energy' of a moving body is in defined as the product of its mass times half the square of its velocity. In this paper the author demonstrates that 'work' is the total amount of congruent translational motion that is reversibly transferred between particle systems at different velocity levels (in a given reference frame). This means that the 'kinetic energy' of a body with a given velocity in a given reference frame is a mathematical expression of its total amount of reversibly transferable congruent translational motion at the given velocity level, with regard to any free body that is at rest in that same reference frame.


The trend in nutritional transition in this century leads to an occidentalized diet, which, allied to a decrease in physical activity, results in increasing of obesity all over the world. It raises the risk of morbidity and mortality, since obesity is the first step to several diseases such as Diabetes type II, hypertension, cardiovascular and gallbladder diseases. Obesity is not only a scientific and public health problem, but also an industry of pharmacos, special foods and governmental strategies to encourage people to be more active and to provide more food information in order to promote better habits. Several studies all around the world discuss the causes and treatments for obesity. In this way, this paper summarizes these researches, approaching the elements associated with higher obesity incidence and prevalence, the diseases related to overweight and the treatments for reducing body fat.


Our practice shows that it is effective and easy to operate by using such things as coins,colour stars,red flags and so on,as a money substitute in the rectification of children's bad behaviours.


Gallbladder carcinoma in a setting of acute cholecystitis is very rare occurrence in young patients (younger than 30 years).Moreover a definitive preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The purpose of this report is to present an unusual case of gallbladder carcinoma in a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis. A 27 year old male presented to the casualty with pain in the right hypochondriacregion for which he was admitted and evaluated and was diagnosed as suffering from acute calculous cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done and the histopathology was suggestive of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is an aggressive malignancy which occurs predominantly in elderly people. Besides the exceptional cases detected incidentally at the time of cholecystectomy for gallstone disease, which are usually early stage, the prognosis for most patients is poor. Unfortunately, many of these tumors are unresectable at presentation, and most must be managed nonoperatively.Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare occurrence and is to be suspected in patients with complaints of cholelithiasis for long duration and histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimens has to be routinely carried out.


We report the preparation and photoluminescence spectral analysis of Tb3+ and Eu3+ doped Zn2SiO4 powders in sol-gel sol-gel process. On exposure to an UV source, these rare earth ions doped zinc silicate materials have shown prominent luminescent green and red colors, due to the electronic transitions of 5D4 yields 7F5 (Tb3+) and 5D0 yields 7F2 (Eu3+) respectively. The green emitting transition of Tb3+ material has been a magnetic dipole in nature and the red emitting transition of Eu3+ material has been due to an electric dipole in nature with a hypersensitivity in its luminescence. Systematic characterization has been carried out to understand the fluorescence efficiency of these two materials by measuring their excitation, photoluminescence, time-resolved luminescence spectra and lifetimes of the emission transitions (5D0 yields 7F0,1,2,3,4&5) of Eu3+ at two different excitation wavelengths of 226 nm and 395 nm. However, for the emission transitions (5D4 yields 7F6,5,4,3,2&1) of Tb3+ doped material, one excitation wavelength of 229 nm was used. Structural characteristics of these materials was carried out with an XRD and TEM measurements. The computed color coordinates suggest that both the phosphors have all desirable features for CRT screen applications.


In this paper, we study Frobenius structures in higher dimensional $p$-adic analytic geometry and the corresponding $p$-adic functional analysis. This will build up foundations for further study on some generalized cohomology of Frobenius modules and the corresponding generalized Iwasawa theory and generalized noncommutative Tamagawa number conjectures in the spirit of Burns-Flach-Fukaya-Kato and Nakamura (as well as certainly the original noncommutative Tamagawa number conjectures as observed by Pal-Zabradi). We will work in the program proposed by Carter-Kedlaya-Zabradi and after Pal-Zabradi, and we will follow closely the approach from Kedlaya-Pottharst-Xiao to investigate the corresponding deformation of the generalized $p$-adic Hodge structures.


A 58-year-old man was referred to our outpatient department with a history of eczematous reactions on his fingers, forearms and face for the past 6 months. He had to take sick leave twice because of the eczematous reactions. The eczema disappeared on both occasions, but recurred as soon as he returned to work. The patient worked in a flower auction hall, where he opened boxes of roses imported from Kenya. According to the grower of these roses, several pesticides had been used in their cultivation. A selection of pesticides for patch testing was made on the basis of information from the material safety data sheets. Patch tests with the European baseline series, fragrance series, rose oil, tulipaline, compositae mix and a dilution series with the selected pesticides in water were performed. Doubtful (+/irritant) reactions on D3 and D7 were observed to only one pesticide, and there were no positive reactions to any of the remaining allergens tested. The pesticide concerned contained chlorothalonil. Subsequently, a dilution series with chlorothalonil in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and in pet. was tested (Fig. 1). The test results are shown in Table 1. Tests carried out in 5 control subjects all gave negative results.


on study design, patient characteristics, details of glycaemic control, fasting blood glucose levels, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAje) levels, microvascular complications, myocardial infarction (MI),


The aim of this study is examine the relationship between organizational ethics And efficiency Shahid Rajaei Customs staff of Bandar Abbas. This study is based on purpose is applied. The statistical population is managers and employees Customs of Shahid Rajaei of Bandar Abbas. The number of managers, including senior managers, middle and operational supervisors and staff Customs are 40. Since the number of managers is limited to determining the sample size, the community will be chosen so census method used and sample size is 40. Result showed that there is a significant relationship between the organizational egocentricity and Customs employee productivity. There is a significant relationship between the benevolent managers and staff productivity customs. And there is a significant relationship between the ethics respecting managers and staff productivity.


Six patients were observed in whom the ingestion of &dquo;weight reducing pills&dquo; produced ECG changes which led to the misdiagnosis of heart disease. Digitalis was implicated as the agent which produced the abnormalities. The dispensing of reducing pills containing digitalis, diuretics, thyroid, amphetamine, and cathartics, is dangerous and deplorable. Kattus, A. A. et al. (UCLA School Med., Los Angeles, Calif. [ Dr. Kattus ]), Arch. Int. Med. 122 : 298 (Oct.), 1968


Investigation mode is the most common route of investigation, by which investigators make the basic picture of the case. The dynamic, intelligent, organized feature of current crime makes reactive investigation mode difficult to respond. The paper studies problems related to investigation transformation from being reactive to active. And with the help of big data, the active investigation mode has extended and the human behavior can be predicted. And the paper discusses issues related to clarify the applicable active investigation mode.


A device is described which permits the transformation of a plate prism spectrograph into a photoelectric scanning monochromator. A movable slit followed by a photomultiplier tube, which drives an x‐y plotter, makes possible the direct recording of the spectrum.


Teachers' writing assessment practice in foreign language learning classroom is the issue that has not been investigated empirically and rigorously. Bearing this fact in mind, this study looks at how teachers gauge students' conceptual understanding and ability to perform task. To this end, four English teachers who had the experience of writing instruction and assessment in their classroom were interviewed, and twenty students were also cross-examined to ensure the trustworthiness. The data analysis reveals that the teachers' assessment practice does not meet the expectations and the standards. The students involved, moreover, specified that the teachers only showed them the score without giving a further explanation on their strengths and weaknesses, and they never indicated which part the students have gone wrong in their written work. Therefore, the results suggest the stakeholder to give the teachers professional development by training them with the fundamental knowledge base for carrying out valid assessment in any context. Keywords : evaluation, teacher's assessment, writing


Vegetable chips—beets, sweet potatoes, carrots, and parsnips fried like potato chips and sold separately or as a mixture—are an increasingly popular snack. Little data currently exists on acrylamide levels in these products, and there is sparse information on the free amino acid composition of these four vegetables, with asparagine, a precursor of acrylamide, being of interest. Acrylamide concentrations in 35 vegetable chip samples and free amino acids in two to three samples of each of the four vegetables were measured. Of the chip samples, nearly 70% (24 samples) contained levels of acrylamide above the European Commission's benchmark value of 750 µg/kg for potato chips. In comparison, from 2012 to 2016, approximately 10% of potato chip samples exceeded this value. The food industry has reduced the acrylamide content of potato chips by using cultivars developed specifically for chip manufacturing. Because the vegetable chip market is still significantly smaller than the potato chip market, equivalent cultivar development has not yet occurred. Hence, it is more likely for vegetable chips to be high in acrylamide than potato chips.


Higher education (HE) has changed from elite to mass education (HSV 2006:26R, Leathwood & Read 2009). In the last few decades, the number of women in higher education has increased substantiall ...