women somehow desire the erotic more than men do. But even if this were historically true, that men can come to understand the value of erotic life—as W.E.B. Du Bois confessed about his own sexuality in his last autobiography Soliloquy on My Life Near the End of Its First Century (International Publishers, 1968 )—makes the claim a contingent feature of male (and female) life. In similar kind, one could argue that the dialectic between the one-party state leader and church civil institutions lack the mediating force of a group linked to infrastructural development in a way that constitutes the ownership of production-generating capital. A problem with religious civil institutions is that, like many other institutions that relate to Black communities, they are service-oriented instead of productionbased. As a consequence, the material things needed along with the political institutions in Africa require more. Bongmba has, however, marked out the ethical, existential, and political terrain in remarkable detail. The Dialectics of Social Transformation in Africa needn't have all the answers. What is crucial is that it places the right set of questions on the table.


Based on the ore-forming conditions,ore vein characteristics,orebody characteristics and wallrock alteration,of the shallow ore-deposits about No.171 vein gold deposit in Dongfeng mining area,we discuss and summarize the genesis of ore-deposit and the metallogenic regularity,combined with No.171 gold field,the data of mineralization projections and the current exploration results about some similar ore-deposits at home and abroad,then predict the resources of the deep ore body.By actual exploration,we found a large gold deposit,it have some significance to china's deep blind ore prospecting.


The programming of real-time systems with synchronous languages requires an infrastructure support, which we call a "synchronous execution machine". The role of a synchronous execution machine is to manage the interfacing of synchronous programs with their asynchronous environment, while respecting their synchronous semantics. Using the ESTEREL language as an example, we give a formal description of a generic execution machine and we discuss some aspects of its implementation on the Chorus distributed operating system micro-kernel.<<ETX>>


In the paper shown the importance of the physical and energetic properties of straw briquettes. The density is much than the firewood. The value of density obtained is 1184 kg/m3. The porosity is very low and as aresult the flame produced during combustion is more dense than that produced by the burning.The value of Gross calorific is 19619 kJ/kg, and 19767 kJ/kg for net calorific value. The ash of content is 5.8%. Straw briquettes are considered a much better wooden fuel so the advantages are: improvement of physical characteristics, shrink storage volume 12ː1, improvement burning behaviour with a much higher calorific compared to wood (1 ton of briquettes = 5 cubic meters of wood), increasing the volume of energy density in relation to the consumption of material, very few scrap after combustion and boilers much clean, easy in manipulation, contains no additives or chemical liants, burn almost without smoke, no CO2 emissions, during combustion doesn�?t cane the flame. Biomass is the most important source of renewable energy which will play an important role in world energy. The role of the use of energy resources in biomass become all the more important as energy development and independence strategies target 20% renewable sources by 2020. At the moment, the use of biomass provider about 5% of total energy consuption at European level, and in countries Sweden, Austria, biomass provide 15-20%.


Based on non-destructive testing system for turbine blade,propose a resolution enhancement approach for X-ray DR digital image.In detail,firstly,we present a frequency domain technique to precisely register a set of digital X-ray image of turbine blade,which are translated,rotated against each other within at least the subpixel dimension,then a high-resolution image is reconstructed by using nonuniform interpolation.We demonstrate the ability of the approach to improve resolution of X-ray image of turbine blade,and the resulting high-resolution image show good visual results;it also contains more detail that can be exploited for zooming in non-destructive inspection.


An evaluation of the Compact Nuclear Power Source (CNPS) experiments conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1980s has been done using information available in the open literature. The MCNP4C Monte Carlo results for critical test configurations are in good agreement with the experimental values; the keff values are generally within 0.5% of the experimental values. The calculated total and differential rod worths and material worths were also found generally close to experimental values. These good results motivated the utilization of the experimental test data for the specification of two- and three-dimensional numerical benchmark cases that could be used for the verification and validation of core physics codes developed for Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) analysis, particularly the deterministic lattice and whole-core physics codes. To define the benchmark cases, the irregular arrangement of channels in the actual CNPS core was simplified to a regular Cartesian geometry arrangement in the benchmark cases, while preserving the important neutronics characteristics of the CNPS. The results of deterministic calculations using the HELIOS/DIF3D code package were compared to MCNP4C results to show the usefulness of the numerical benchmark cases.


The first computed tomography (CT) equipment became operational in the United States less than five years ago, and its matching of the x-ray beam with the computer was soon termed "revolutionary." ...


With the increasing number of IoT devices, there is a growing demand for energy-free sensors. Human activity recognition holds immense value in numerous daily healthcare applications. However, the majority of current sensing modalities consume energy, thus limiting their sustainable adoption. In this paper, we present a novel activity recognition system that not only operates without requiring energy for sensing but also harvests energy. Our proposed system utilizes photovoltaic cells, attached to the wrist and shoes, as eco-friendly sensing devices for activity recognition. By capturing photovoltaic readings and employing a deep transformer model with powerful learning capabilities, the system effectively recognizes user activities. To ensure robust performance across various subjects, time periods, and lighting conditions, the system incorporates feature extraction and different processing modules. The evaluation of the proposed system on realistic indoor and outdoor environments demonstrated its ability to recognize activities with an accuracy of 91.7%.


This article shows some of the results derived from a research project subsidized by the Andalusia Government, whose purpose is to create and offer digital resources for the assessment of gender culture in schools. We present the results of an attitudinal scale, which is valid and reliable, that allows measuring the degree of predisposition of students towards equality and coeducation. In this article, we describe students' attitudes towards gender equality. Results for the attitudes scale for Cronbach coefficient of reliability was 0.91 with an average saturation of 0.525 for the items in the principal component analysis. The random sample included 728 primary and Secondary school students from the province of Seville. The results show the students' positive attitude towards equality, although differences between boys and girls are observed. The data indicate that students display more deficits in the relational dimension.


Key factors for maximizing yield in a modern semiconductor fab for Memory device manufacturing include wafer critical dimension uniformity and accuracy control. Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET) solutions for the highly repetitive arrayed memory devices have been driven by the need for perfect geometric consistency without compromising the lithographic quality. Traditionally, both optical proximity correction (OPC) and sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) insertion for these repetitive cell-array structures have been dealt by applying manual hand-crafted or rule-based methods. But these can be prone to iterative human intervention, long runtimes and sub-par lithographic quality. This work adopts a pattern/property aware approach (PA)2 and cell-array OPC technology that leverage the inherent repetitive and hierarchical structure of the cell-array to ensure the lithographic quality and perfect geometric consistency and symmetry down to the level of feature edges with model-based OPC and rule-based SRAF solutions. The flow also demonstrates a drastic reduction in runtime and turn-around-time to mask tapeouts for the full chip (core and periphery).


Objective:To compare the curative effect among using tension band fixation,canulated screw fixation and canulated screw with tension band.Methods:From 2007.4 to 2009.4,tension band fixation was used in 23 cases,canulated screw fixation was used in 17 cases,canulated screw with tension band was in 19 cases.The three gruoups were compared in the time of operation,length of incision,time of using tourniquet,intro-operation bolld loss,postoperation time of starting exercise,postoperation pain scores of starting exercse,the Lysholm score systerm was was used to asses the knee joint function in 1 month,3month,6month,1year.Results:All cases were followed up for 15 months,the three groups had no statistical significance in time of operation and time of using tourniquet,(p0.05)TB group had statistical significance in length of incision compared with CS group and CSTB group(P0.05).CS group had statistical significance in postoperation time of starting exercise,postoperation pain scores of starting exercise,KJF scores compared with TB group and CSTB group(p0.05),but CS group and CSTB group had no statistical significanc(p0.05).Conclusion:The Method of using canulated screw with tension band might have significant advantages compared with the other two Methods.This Method may be the roution Method in treating the patella fractures.


Unconventional shale reservoirs have become a key player in the oil and gas industry to cover the world's energy demands. Traditionally, oil-based drilling fluids (OBM) are preferred to drill shale plays due to negligible chemical interactions. Nevertheless, strict environmental regulations have motived the industry to design water-based drilling fluids (WBM) capable to control the shale-water interactions, improving their performance. Still, conventional additives are too large to plug shales' micro-fractures and nanopores. Thus, nanoparticles due to their unique size, shape, and properties can provide a solution for the WBM. This study focus on the design and evaluation of a customized nanoparticle water-based drilling fluid (NP-WBM) using silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The main objective is to identify the optimal NP concentration to improve the rheological and filtration properties of the NP-WBM and evaluated its inhibition benefit. The NP selection was based on the characteristics of the Woodford shale obtained through x-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). NPs' colloidal stability was analyzed in an alkaline environment with zeta-potential measurements. The concentration of NPs was evaluated below 1 wt.%. Laboratory measurements for the NP-WBM included API filtrate test (LTLP) and high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) test using a static filter press and rheological analysis with a rotational viscometer. To evaluated the inhibition benefit, the NP-WBM was tested against the Woodford shale by performing immersion and cutting dispersion tests. The results showed zeta-potential values below −30 mV for both nanomaterials, indicating good dispersibility of the NPs within the WBM. Also, significant improvements in the filtration properties were observed when adding 0.5 wt.% of SiO2-NPs with 0.25 wt.% of GNPs to the base fluid with no spurt-loss and minor effects on the rheological parameters. Higher concentrations did not show further improvements; thus the previous combination was selected as the optimal. Chemical interactions tests indicated that the Woodford shale might develop micro-fractures when exposed to water for long periods of time. However, no micro-fractures were observed when the rock was exposed to NPs. Furthermore, the NP-WBM reduced the cutting dispersion by 35.61% compared to the base fluid, showing superior inhibition properties even in high illitic shales that are prone to experience cuttings disintegration. NPs' stability and benefits at low concentrations, indicates their potential to improve the design of WBM for unconventional shales, reducing the environmental impacts linked to the drilling operations.


Measurement-based technology has been developed in the area of power transmission systems with phasor measurement units (PMU). Using high-resolution PMU data, the oscillatory behavior of power systems from general electromagnetic oscillations to sub-synchronous resonances can be observed. Studying oscillations in power systems is important to obtain information about the orbital stability of the system. Floquet multipliers calculation is based on a mathematical model to determine the orbital stability of a system with the existence of stable or unstable periodic solutions. In this paper, we have developed a model-free method to estimate Floquet multipliers using time series data. A comparative study between calculated and estimated Floquet multipliers has been performed to validate the proposed method. The results are provided for a sample three-bus power system network and the system integrated with a doubly fed induction generator.


An outer rotor type fan-motor is provided to prevent binding force from being lowered by maintaining the binding force between a rotation shaft and a fan constantly by binding the rotation shaft and the fan by using a spring or an adhesive. An outer rotor type fan-motor(100) includes a pair of bearing assemblies(130,140), a permanent magnet assembly(120), a permanent magnet(121), and a fan unit(200). The bearing assemblies include bearings(131,141) and plate-like oil felts(132,142). The bearings rotatably support the rotation shaft. The plate-like oil felts are installed on outer circumference surfaces of the bearings. The bearings and the oil felts are supported by plate-like bearing frames(133,143). A removal preventing ring(144) is installed on one end of a rotation shaft(150) rotatably supported by the lower bearing assembly. A stator(110) is fixedly installed outside the pair of bearing assemblies in a circumference direction. A bobbin wound with a winding coil(111) is installed in the stator.


Setting up Shanghai free trade zone (SFTZ) opened a new era opening to the outside, which was also the booster of accelerating China's participation in the world economy. SFTZ have done many institutional innovation, and have brought great influence to the surrounding cities. As the important port city of Yangtze River delta region, Ningbo will be the first to face all kinds of opportunities and challenges. This paper will use Granger Causality Test and verity to analyze the relations between Shanghai and Ningbo, it also will apply overflow relevant economic theory to analyze SFTZ with Ningbo economic spillover effects and radiation effects qualitatively. Keywords—Shanghai Free Trade Zone(SFTZ); Ningbo; Spillover Effects; Economic Growth; Granger Causality Test


Computer algorithms of the Newton-Raphson type are derived for the harmonic analysis of systems containing nonlinear dynamic components in periodic steady state. The problem is formulated in the complex conjugate multiharmonic space that inherently represents the harmonic coupling between the different harmonic frequencies. The theory is applied to single-phase systems, including magnetic nonlinearities. >


The second Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2) was aimed at investigating the physical, chemical and radiative properties of aerosol and their evolution in the North Atlantic region. In the 2nd "Lagrangian" experiment, an air mass was tracked over a 30-h period during conditions of extensive stratocumulus cover. Boundary-layer measurements of the aerosol size distribution obtained with a passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP) during the experiment show a gradual growth in size of particles in the 0.1−0.2 μm diameter mode. Simultaneously, SO2 concentrations were found to decrease sharply from 800 to 20 ppt. The fraction of sulphate in aerosol ionic mass increased from 0.68±0.07 to 0.82±0.09 for small particles (diameter below 1.7 μm) and from 0.21±0.04 to 0.34±0.03 for large particles (diameter above 1.7 μm). The measurements were compared with a multicyclic parcel model of gas phase diffusion into cloud droplets and aqueous phase chemical reactions. The model was able to broadly reproduce the observed transformation in the aerosol spectra and the timescale for the transformation of SO2 to sulphate aerosol. The modelled SO2 concentration in the boundary layer fell to below half its initial value over a 6.5-h time period due to a combination of the entrainment of cleaner tropospheric air and cloud chemical reactions. NH3 and HCl gas were also found to play an important rôle in cloud processing in the model.


The aim of the paper was to study the evolution of the immunoglobulin types IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations during the first three days postpartum in Romanian Black and White cows. Samples of colostrum were collected at calving and at 4-hour interval for three days. Samples were analyzed for immunoglobulin concentration using ELISA test. The maximum concentration of immunoglobulin Ig G in colostral milk was found as expected at the first milking 43.8 mg/ml. At the third, fourth, fifth and sixth milking from the second day after calving, respectively at 36, 40, 44 and 48 hours after calving immunoglobulin type Ig G concentration decreased to 42.0, 41.3, 39.7 and 38.3 mg/ml. At the eighteenth milking from the third day after calving, respectively at 72 hours after calving immunoglobulin type Ig G concentration decreased to 15.2 mg/ml. The maximum concentration of immunoglobulin Ig A in colostral milk was found as expected at the first milking 4.05 mg/ml. The concentrations of immunoglobulin type Ig M decreased in the first day after calving from 4.8 mg/ml at first milking to 3.8 mg/ml at the sixth milking.


Results: Serine 779 phosphorylation of FGFR1 and 2 by PKC ε promotes maximal Ras/MAP kinase signaling and Conclusion: The FGFRs quantitatively control signal transduction via receptor serine phosphorylation. Significance: tyrosine to


Estimates of climatic changes in the 21st century were obtained with the account of possible scenarios of variations in solar activity and anthropogenic influences using a 3D climatic model (CM). These estimates were obtained on the basis of series of numerical experiments with a total duration exceeding 30 ka using the IFA RAN CM [1] including the introduction of the carbon cycle [2]. Different scenarios of anthropogenic and natural influences in the 21st century were used in the calculations including SRES scenarios (B1, B2, A1B, and A2) [3] for variations in the content of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to estimate possible variations in the solar radiation (SR) flux in the 21st century, a set of suggested scenarios was analyzed using different methods of data extrapolation [4] for 1610–2000. The results of numerical calculations point to a comparatively minor role of variations in the solar activity in the changes of annual global mean surface temperature (GMST) in the 21st century compared to anthropogenic influence. If the possible variability of the SR and anthropogenic SRES scenarios are taken into account in the IFA RAN CM, the GMST generally increases in the 21st century.


For the past eighteen months, we have been working on a family of optimizing compilers for the Ridge computer. We now have three front-ends for FORTRAN, C and Pascal, a common optimizer and a common code generator. One of the difficulties in doing an optimizing compiler is finding unbiased benchmarks to validate the results of your work. We were therefore very interested when we saw the FORTRAN benchmark in [1]. We found this benchmark to be quite realistic for integer-oriented applications. We first present the results of the benchmark on the Ridge using our old and new (i.e. optimizing) compilers for comparison with the VAX results presented in [1]. We then comment on some of the issues raised in [1]. Finally, we mention some of the practical problems in writing optimizing compilers.


The exploration programme conducted in Exploration Permits 58 and 59 in the northeastern Canning Basin during the past three years has clarified regional structural and stratigraphic relationships. Interpretation of the combined results of field geological, high sensitivity aeromagnetic and reflection seismic surveys has delineated five major structural elements, some previously unrecognised. These are, from north to south, the Billiluna Shelf, the Betty Terrace, the Fitzroy Trough, the Crossland Platform and the Helena Platform. Sedimentary rocks from Proterozoic to Mesozoic age occur in the permits. The Phanerozoic rocks range in thickness from in excess of 15000 m in the Fitzroy Trough to a veneer of probably less than 1000 m over the Billiluna Shelf. On the Crossland Platform and the Helena Platform, up to 4000 m of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic rocks overlain by up to 1500 m of Upper Palaeozoic sediments are interpreted to be present. Whilst no wells have been drilled within the area, results of exploratory holes in adjoining permits have been used to refine the interpretations presented in this paper. The principal stratigraphic features of interest to petroleum exploration are a possible Devonian reef trend located on the junction of the Crossland and Helena Platforms and subdued structural features caused by halokinesis on the Helena Platform. Two major geological conclusions were drawn from the exploration programme to date. One is that the age of the formation of the Fitzroy Trough, at least in this part of the Canning Basin, is younger than previously postulated. The other is the presence in the northeastern part of the Canning Basin of a Proterozoic infrabasin with depths to magnetic basement comparable with measured outcrop thicknesses on the southern flank of the Kimberley Block. Future exploration plans for the region call for further seismic exploration and the drilling of medium depth wildcat tests to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the region.


This study investigates the influence of market competition (MC) on liquidity risk (LR) for conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia. The research analyses two data sets comprising 17 Islamic and 27 conventional banks over the period of 1996–2015 using panel regression estimations. MC is measured using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, concentration ratio, and entropy index. Meanwhile, LR is measured by the traditional and BASEL III measures using current asset to current liability ratio and net stable funding ratio, respectively. Market competition among Islamic banks has a significant positive relationship with liquidity risk. By contrast, results for conventional banks are inconclusive. This result indicates that Islamic banks need a certain degree of market power to manage liquidity risk. Thus, policy makers, regulators, and industry players should utilize a unique framework for Islamic and conventional banks when strategizing liquidity risk management. This study is the first comprehensive empirical research that compares the MC-LR relationship between Islamic and conventional banks using both traditional and BASEL III liquidity risk measures. JEL Classification: D4, E6, G21


This report describes the case of an 85-year-old man who underwent left hemicolectomy for descending colon cancer and hepatic segmentectomy for metastatic liver cancer. Seven years after the liver surgery, an abdominal CT scan revealed a tumor in the remnant liver. He also presented with colon diverticula in the ascending colon, which was located close to the liver tumor. With a preoperative diagnosis of metastatic liver cancer, the tumor was resected with S8 segmentectomy. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor revealed a hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, not metastatic liver cancer. The present case showed the difficulty of preoperatively diagnosing inflammatory pseudotumors. Furthermore, it is noted in the case that since the liver tumor was located close to the colon diverticula in the ascending colon, the diverticula was potentially associated with the formation of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor.


Background Lactobacilli are the well known friendly bacteria for their probiotic activities against pathogens. The inhibitory activity of different strains of lactobacilli either obtained as commercial products or isolated from human feces was investigated against the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates were selected as the most resistant strains when challenged with anti-pseudomonal antibiotics already in clinical practice.
Materials and Methods
 Both the plate spot test as well as the agar cup method were used for screening of Lactobacillus strains against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results A Lactobacillus acidophilus strain isolated from feces of an Iranian child showed a strong anti-pseudomonal activity (90 percent after 72h incubation) against the multi-drug resistant clinical isolates while a Lactobacillus reuteri strain isolated from a commercial oral product resulted in relatively weak response and a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain isolated from a commercial vaginal product did not show any inhibitory activity. In a kinetic study the lactobacillus sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a significant bacteriostatic activity in vitro in the presence of lactobacillus supernatants.
Conclusion
 Some lactobacilli exhibit significant inhibitory activity against the multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Humans grasp an object most in a dexterous orientation when they could reach the object in many orientations. Possessing a similar abstraction of manipulator pose dexterity is meaningful for grasp planers and task planner. In this paper, we consider feasible arm angle range as a significant value to refer redundant manipulator dexterity. We introduce a representation scheme that enables to visual manipulator dexterity in its workspace, the visual map is named manipulator pose dexterity map. Using the manipulator pose dexterity map, robot torso is able to position more sensible. Furthermore, manipulator could be planned with more dexterous approach angle by orientation dexterity index.


The use of fuzzy logic in redirecting mobile robot is based on two sets of received information. First set is the instantaneous distance of the robot from the obstacle and second set is the instantaneous information of the robot's position. For this purpose, the fuzzy rules base consists of forty-two bases, which is extracted based on the robot's distance from obstacles, and the target position relative to the instantaneous orientation of the robot. In the structure of fuzzy systems, minimal inference engine are considered. Also, Extended Kalman filter is used for localization in a noisy environment. Accordingly, the inputs of the fuzzy systems are determined based on the estimation of the localization process, the information of the obstacles center and the target position. Also, the linear acceleration and instantaneous orientation of the mobile robot are determined by the desired fuzzy structures which are applied to its kinematic model.


This paper is aimed at illuminating various implications of attribution‐making for a study of ongoing, intimate relationships. Explicit attributions are viewed as conscious, cognitive appraisals concerning why a communicative behavior has occurred. Implicit attributions are conceptualized more as tools of inference‐making intrinsic to the decoding process; as such, implicit attributions not only influence interpretation, explanation, and meaning‐assignment, but also mediate ongoing interpersonal message responses. It is argued that, while attribution concepts are quite relevant to various theories of interpersonal communication, the significance of attribution‐making within intimate dyadic interaction has been understated in communication research. Further analysis of attribution constructs employed by communicators—especially the interpersonal attribution category—might improve theory‐building in such areas as relational communication, communication conflict, metacommunication, and communication and affe...


1. In the conscious normotensive and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive dog a transient agonist response to the intravenous infusion of saralasin (1 microgram min-1 kg-1)was manifested by a small increase in blood pressure (6-12) mmHg) and 28-30% increase in renal vascular resistance. 2. These increases in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance were unaffected by administration of either phentolamine or guanethidine. 3. The agonist response in the conscious dog is most likely accounted for by a direct action of saralasin on vascular angiotensin receptors.


Since mid-1980s, Japanese motor companies have newly set up vehicle assembly plants in EC countries, to meet both the voluntary restraint of car exports from Japan (since 1986) and the establishment of EC single market in 1993. Locations of passenger car assembly plants, however, are confined in the UK alone. Three car plants, that are NMUK (Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK), HUM (Honda of the UK Manufacturing) and TMUK (Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK), started production of passenger cars by the end of 1992. On the other hand, only Mitsubishi has a plan to build a car plant jointed with Volvo, Swedish company in the Continent. The UK Government policy to foreign direct investment, lower wage cost than other main EC countries and English, which is the most understandable second language for Japanese, are the main reasons of this British-oriented location.This article firstly aimed to clarify location process of Japanese car assembly plants in the UK. Then, the author described their business relations with local suppliers and labour recruitment. Finally, he considered some effects of Japanese performance in the UK economy. Following results were obtained.1) In the latter half of 1960s, output of passenger cars in the UK was more than 1.5 million units each year. This figure was the third largest in the world, next to the United States and West Germany. But after the oil crises in 1973, the volume of car production rapidly decreased until 1982. Car output fell 54 per cent to 0.89 million units in a decade. From 1982 to 1986, annual car output stayed around one million. This dramatic decline and subsequent stagnation were explained by main assemblers' strategies to enhance their competitiveness in the car market. BL, Rover Group at the present, scrapped inefficient plants in peripheral regions and sacked workers through restructuring performance. Moreover, Ford and Peugeot-Talbot, both multinational companies, closed some of their plants in the UK instead of new investment into the Continent, in order to restructure their production system within European range. These strategies brought remarkable fall in car output, which gave Japanese companies room for new plants' location.2) NMUK was established in an 'assisted area' in North East, where it could enjoy government grants, whilst locations of both HUM and TMUK oriented toward the existing cores of motor industry (South East and West Midlands). These three plants were built on lands previously used for airfields, that meant a small number of large scale industrial estates matched their needs in the UK.3) Japanese car producers were committed to achieving 80 per cent 'local content' within several years from their foundation. Therefore, they tried to find components' companies within EC in terms of quality, stability, price as well as delivery. Each assembler established business relations with about one hundred and fifty suppliers. Distribution of the suppliers mainly concentrated in Britain, but some others were in the Continent, especially in Germany and France.4) The assemblers selectively took on young workers who were committed to their companies from within a lot of applicants, by conducting examinations. Most of them were living in the local areas and had never engaged in the car assembly lines. AEU was only 'one union' officially approved in NMUK and TMUK, with no-strike agreements as well as other Japanese style working practices.5) Japanese working practices were highly appreciated, because they could improved productivity and labour relations in manufacturing plants. This system, however, did not seem to represent a transition from Fordist to flexible post-Fordist production, but represents to maintain and reinforce Fordist production, especially in old industrial regions, like North East.6) The assemblers also adopted Japanese style business relations with suppliers. Supply contracts were longer in duration


INTRODUCTION PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION PART 1: FILM AS AN ART THE NATURE OF ART WAYS OF LOOKING AT ART FILM, RECORDING, AND THE OTHER ARTS THE STRUCTURE OF ART PART 2: TECHNOLOGY: IMAGE AND SOUND ART AND TECHNOLOGY THE LENS THE CAMERA THE FILMSTOCK THE SOUNDTRACK POSTPRODUCTION VIDEO AND FILM PROJECTION PART 3: THE LANGAUGE OF FILM: SIGNS AND SYNTAX SIGNS SYNTAX PART 4: THE SHAPE OF FILM HISTORY MOVIES/FILM/CINEMA "MOVIES": ECONOMICS "FILM": POLITICS "CINEMA": ESTHETICS PART 5: FILM THEORY: FORM AND FUNCTION THE CRITIC THE POET AND THE PHILOSOPHER: LINDSAY AND MUNSTERBERG EXPRESSIONISM AND REALISM: ARNHEIM AND KRACAUER MONTAGE: PUDOVKIN, EISENSTEIN, BALAZS, AND FORMALISM MISE EN SCENE: NEOREALISM, BAZIN AND GODARD FILM SPEAKS AND ACTS: METZ AND CONTEMPORARY THEORY PART 6: MEDIA: IN THE MIDDLE OF THINGS COMMUNITY PRINT AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA THE TECHNOLOGY OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA RADIO AND RECORDS TELEVISION AND VIDEO PART 7: MULTIMEDIA: THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION THE MYTH OF MULTIMEDIA THE MYTH OF VIRTUAL REALITY THE MYTH OF CYBERSPACE "WHAT IS TO BE DONE? I FILM AND MEDIA: A CHRONOLOGY TO 1895: PREHISTORY 1896-1915: THE BIRTH OF FILM 1916-1930: SILENT FILM, THE BIRTHS OF RADIO AND SOUND FILM 1931-1945: THE GREAT AGE OF HOLLYWOOD AND RADIO 1946-1960: THE GROWTH OF TELEVISION 1961-1980: THE MEDIA WORLD 1981-PRESENT: THE DIGITAL WORLD II READING ABOUT FILM AND MEDIA PART ONE: A BASIC LIBRARY PART TWO: INFORMATION INDEX TOPICS PEOPLE TITLES


In this study, cross-section analysis was performed on a novel rotating direct-metal deposition method capable of preliminary surface treatment and damage repair of cylindrical inner walls. The cross-sectional shape, microstructure, and metallurgical composition were analyzed to verify feasibility. No defects such as porosity or cracks were found in the cross section, but asymmetric dilution was observed because of the non-coaxial powder nozzle. Microstructural coarsening was confirmed over a higher dilution area by high-magnification optical microscope images. As the dilution ratio was increased, hard carbides in the dendrite were bulkdiffused into inter-dendrite spaces, and the toughness was lowered by Fe penetration into the deposit. Therefore, the increased laser heat input can be modulated to the typical dilution by decreasing the laser scanning velocity.


Abstract
 This chapter begins with a brief look at the modern history of rail and road transportation. Special attention is paid to the rise of the private automobile because of its dominance in many countries. The reasons for its rise and the challenges private automobiles present to society, cities and the environment are explored. There are many other forms of land transportation besides rail and the private automobile, of course. The rental car industry, motorcoaches, recreational vehicles (RVs) and taxis are also described. The various forms or purposes of land-based travel, such as organized tours, are introduced. Specialized commercial services such as airport shuttles and charter buses are also considered.


Introduction: Pain is the top concern of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Acute painful vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD are the leading cause of emergency department (ED) encounters and frequent hospital admissions. Well-documented disparities include significant delay and under treatment of SCD patients with acute pain crisis in the ED. An acute care observation unit (ACOU) staffed with SCD specialists can help to address these disparities. SCD patients treated in a dedicated ACOU have a 40% lower admission rate than patients treated in the ED. An expedited transfer and treatment program at our dedicated sickle ACOU at the University of Illinois Hospital (UIH) was implemented with the goal of improving overall care and decreasing the hospital admission rate for SCD patients.
 Method: This is an outcome study of individuals with SCD >16 years of age who presented with an acute painful episode to UIH. A quality improvement project used the Plan-Do-Study-Act translation method. The following key areas were identified for intervention: 1) established criteria for direct ACOU admission, 2) expedited transfer to the ACOU from the ED, 3) addition of a third provider to expand hours, and 4) establishing a consistent but individualized pain treatment plan across the ED and ACOU. The number of admissions to hospital of patients with SCD was examined from September 2018 through August 2019. Applying the Donabedian triad of Structure, Process, and Outcomes, we demonstrated improved outcome and decrease hospitalization.
 Results: There were 877 admissions to the ACOU from January to July of 2019, which is an increase of 37% compared to the same period in 2018. Of the 877 admissions, 793 were discharged home (90.4%) as compared to 88.6 % in 2018. The average time to first dose of opioids in the ACOU in 2019 was 55 minutes with and average decrease in the pain score of 2.62 during an average length of stay of 4:18 hours.
 Conclusions: Expedited care and treatment with a focus on improving quality and improving access resulted in increased volume of patients treated and decreased rate of admission to the hospital. Allocating resources to a dedicated sickle acute care observation unit can significantly decrease inpatient hospitalizations.
 Table.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The paper proposes an approach to the inverse tasks of the surface-waves generation, based on information technologies of machine learning. On the basis of this approach, a method has been developed for determining the parameters of a cylinder and a wing profile moving in fluid according to a laboratory experiment about a free surface liquid disturbed by them.


Polypropylene composites containing 0–5 wt% layered silicate and 0–30 wt% short glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of different compositions on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites, materials with various filler contents are prepared. At a glass fiber content of 10 wt% Young's modulus of the layered silicate-containing composites decreases by around 30% compared to conventional glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene. But at higher glass fiber loadings, an increasing modulus of up to 10% is observed. However, the addition of layered silicate results in large decreases of the tensile and the notched impact strength. A maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers


The NTT Kanji database (天野・近藤, 1999) is one of the most popular kanji databases. However, it has been long ever since it published. The word2vec (Mikolov, Yih, & Zweig, 2013; Mikolov, Sutskever, Chen, Corrado, & Dean, 2013; Mikolov, Chen, Corrado, & Dean, 2013; Mikolov, Le, & Sutskever, 2013) was proposed based upon large vocabulary. The word2vec was insisted that it could be dealt with semantics as well as syntax, got popularity among machine learning scientists. In spite of these popularities, no trials have been attempted to compare them so far. Here, we tried to compare them in term of a modern visualization, t-SNE Maaten & Hinton (2008).


Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) operations are commonly used in various scientific and engineering applications. The performance of the SpMV operation often depends on exploiting regularity patterns in the matrix. Various representations and optimization techniques have been proposed to minimize the memory bandwidth bottleneck arising from the irregular memory access pattern involved. Among recent representation techniques, tensor decomposition is a popular one used for very large but sparse matrices. Post sparse-tensor decomposition, the new representation involves indirect accesses, making it challenging to optimize for multi-cores and even more demanding for the massively parallel architectures, such as on GPUs. Computational neuroscience algorithms often involve sparse datasets while still performing long-running computations on them. The Linear Fascicle Evaluation (LiFE) application is a popular neuroscience algorithm used for pruning brain connectivity graphs. The datasets employed herein involve the Sparse Tucker Decomposition (STD)—a widely used tensor decomposition method. Using this decomposition leads to multiple indirect array references, making it very difficult to optimize on both multi-core and many-core systems. Recent implementations of the LiFE algorithm show that its SpMV operations are the key bottleneck for performance and scaling. In this work, we first propose target-independent optimizations to optimize the SpMV operations of LiFE decomposed using the STD technique, followed by target-dependent optimizations for CPU and GPU systems. The target-independent techniques include: (1) standard compiler optimizations to prevent unnecessary and redundant computations, (2) data restructuring techniques to minimize the effects of indirect array accesses, and (3) methods to partition computations among threads to obtain coarse-grained parallelism with low synchronization overhead. Then, we present the target-dependent optimizations for CPUs such as: (1) efficient synchronization-free thread mapping and (2) utilizing BLAS calls to exploit hardware-specific speed. Following that, we present various GPU-specific optimizations to optimally map threads at the granularity of warps, thread blocks, and grid. Furthermore, to automate the CPU-based optimizations developed for this algorithm, we also extend the PolyMage domain-specific language, embedded in Python. Our highly optimized and parallelized CPU implementation obtains a speedup of 6.3× over the naive parallel CPU implementation running on 16-core Intel Xeon Silver (Skylake-based) system. In addition to that, our optimized GPU implementation achieves a speedup of 5.2× over a reference-optimized GPU code version on NVIDIA's GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU and a speedup of 9.7× over our highly optimized and parallelized CPU implementation.


Synopsis The composite cold pellet consisted of manganese ore, iron ore, fine coke and ferro-manganese slag based on their charging ratio at the silico-manganese production in an electric furnace was produced without additional binders by a pilot plant. The physical properties of the composite cold pellet produced, such as decrepitation, reduction disintegration, reducibility and resistivity were remarkably improved in comparison with the original manganese ore. Only one thirds of energy of ordinary firing agglomeration process is expected to be required to the pellet production. Moreover, the energy under 200 °C like plant exhaust heat is sufficient to the processing and this process is expected to be pollution free. By replacing 40 % of manganese lump ore to the composite cold pellet 243 kWh/t of electricity saving, 123 kg/t of nut coke substitution by fine coke including 23 kg/t of net saving and 1.2 % increase of manganese yield in metal were achieved in silico-manganese production test.


Aside from the minor irritant of the term &dquo;clientele,&dquo; the book has few flaws. As a teacher of a seminar in Qualitative Methods, I would have liked to have seen more methodological details supplied: Gubrium makes very few comments about methodological issues, and there is no Methods Appendix. As a theorist and student of the history of social thought, I found Living artd Dying at Mu&dquo;ay Manor to be curiously free of context: free of historical context, the context of the larger society, or the context and conceptual shorthand of a particular theoretical perspective. The language employed by Gubrium in the first few chapters, however, suggests some commitment to the ethnomethodological stance, although the book is more in the anthropological or phenomenological than the ethnomethodological tradition. Despite some minor flaws, Livirzg and Dying at Murray Manor is an excellent and well-written ethnography. It strikes a good balance between analysis and descriptive detail, and its employment of the three perspectives is a useful interpretive device. I would recommend this book to all


Empirical evidence on the maintainability of object-oriented systems is far from conclusive, partly due to lack of representativeness of the subjects and systems used in the study. The present research empirically examined this issue with the systems that are mission-critical, currently operational and maintained by professionals. It was found that the 00 group appeared to consume less time while maintaining more amount of software artifacts than the NOD counterpart. This economical utilization of time appeared evident regardless of software development life cycle. This was due to the usefulness of UML for impact analysis which contributed to effective comprehension and communication. Insufficient design specifications led to ambiguity and costly defects in transferring design solutions to devel-opment. Also, the encapsulation of 00 seemed to reduce mental loads at maintenance tasks and im-proved code reuse. However, the number of files to manage increased and thus, dependency manage-ment is required for the 00 systems.


The location for dumping the waste from the open-pit mine has a significant weight for the establishment of the waste treatment costs. According to the constructive parameters of the waste dump and the terrain's characteristics, the volume of the affected area is determined, in relation to the waste volume generated from the exploitation of a mineral deposit. In order to optimise the waste dump's location and its constructive parameters, a number of alternatives have to be taken into account. These alternatives have to be technically plausible, as well as their safety factor must be satisfactory. Based on the considered alternatives, the optimisation problem can be defined so that the optimal solution provides the required capacity of the waste dump, as well as a minimal area of negative environmental impact and lowest operational costs.


Social commerce plays an important role in the service market and has risen in importance due to the rise of social network sites. This paper presents a comparative study of the development of social commerce driven by China's practice and research in this field. By applying knowledge mapping, this paper makes a bibliometric analysis of 827 articles in Scopus (mostly written in English) and 673 articles in CNKI articles (written in Chinese) related to social commerce. Differences and similarities in research focus between English language papers (through Scopus) and Chinese language papers (through CNKI) are deeply explored. The results show that (1) In CNKI, research on social commerce decreases, while in Scopus, it is increasing. Now, China has the most literature on social commerce. (2) CNKI and Scopus each have their focus and complementary points. (3) The first five research topics of CNKI are group buying, social commerce, e-commerce, consumer and O2O. Scopus's first five research topics are purchase interaction, social networking, collaborative commerce, group buying, and privacy concern. The new subdivision of social commerce (e.g., short video shopping, live shopping), mobile commerce and customer engagement are expected to become an important direction of future research. CNKI and Scopus have different and complementary focuses, and scholars should refer to both databases to better understand evolving research landscape on social commerce. This research combined with the bibliometric method is helpful for researchers and practitioners to better understand the development of social commerce.


Analytical formulations and solutions for the first time, to the stability analysis of a simply supported composite and sandwich plates based on a higher order refined theory, developed by the first author and already reported in the literature are presented. The theoretical model presented herein incorporates laminate deformations which account for the effects of transverse shear deformation, transverse normal strain/stress and a nonlinear variation of inplane displacements with respect to the thickness coordinate - thus modelling the warping of transverse cross sections more accurately and eliminating the need for shear correction coefficients. The equations of equilibrium are obtained using the Principle of Minimum Potential Energy (PMPE). The comparison of the results using this higher order refined theory with the available elasticity solutions and the results computed independently using the first order and the other higher order theories developed by other investigators and available in the literature shows that this refined theory predicts the critical buckling load more accurately than all other theories considered in this paper. New results for sandwich laminates are also presented which may serve as a benchmark for future investigations.


Biprojectivity and biflatness of Banach algebras are investigated in this paper. In particular we characterize the biprojectivity and biflatness of quotient Banach algebras by introducing the new notions of biprojectivity and biflatness modulo an ideal of Banach algebras. As
an application, by using the presented results we give a version of Helemskii's theorem for semigroup Banach algebras.


A sprinkling infiltrometer was used to evaluate total phosphorus (TP) and total soluble phosphorus (TSP) losses in surface runoff from plots receiving manure application rates of 22-135 MT/ha and from plots where manure had been incorporated to depths varying from 0-20 cm. Both laboratory and field trials were conducted utilizing simulated precipitation. Infiltrometer runs were repeated for various drying conditions of the soil manure mixture at time intervals varying from 1-30 days. Significantly higher TP and TSP loads in surface runoff were associated with surface applications of manure immediately followed by a precipitation event. For the standard 12-cm, 60-minute event, TP and TSP loads were as high as 13.4 and 7.7 kg/ha, respectively. These loads were 20-25 times greater than observed TP, TSP loads from control plots.


The effects of acute handling stress ( chasing and startling) on fingerlings of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson) were studied by the response of growth rate,behavior,immunity,spleen and liver functions of fish. Totally three experimental groups,including treatment 1 (stressed one time each day),treatment 2 (stressed twice daily) and control group,were set and the fish were sampled at day 10,day 20 and day 30 after handling stress. The levels of response to acute handling stress were investigated from the following aspects:body length,body weight,weights of spleen and liver,the ratio of spleen weight to body weight and the hepatosomatic index. Blood smears were also made to calculate the number and percentages of different kinds of leucocytes. The results showed that the frequently acute handling stress not only significantly reduced growth rate of large yellow croaker fingerlings,but also affected the functions of spleen and liver. The phenomena of spleen-swelling and restraining liver anabolism were investegated in the treated fish. During the pre- and mid- stage (day10 and day 20) of experiments in treatment 2,the percentages of neulrophils and monocytes increased markedly,but those of lymphocytes decreased significantly,and finally all of them got back to the normal levels at the last experiment stage. The data suggested that the fish could adapt to handling stress to some extent for its immunol founction.


The present invention discloses a minimally invasive surgical platform, and the platform unit comprising a tube unit, said unit comprising a tubular body and a tube connector connected to the platform unit, the wall of the inner tube or the inner surface is provided with a self-expanding stent, the platform also includes a current path means and the control line from sheet material consisting of a first tube unit having a state and a second state, the first state is a compressed state tube unit, a second state is the natural state of the tube unit , when the tube unit is in the first state, the control line is detachably stitched to the sheet material so the sheet material capable of forming a cylindrical structure, the tube unit is bound within the limit diameter section, when the control line to disassemble when releasing unit bound limiting diameter tube unit, the pipe unit in the second state. The lower platform of the minimally invasive surgical incision or natural orifice size requirements, placement easier, simplifies the operation of the surgeon, the scope of application of the product increases.


According to medicinal chemistry experiment characteristics,the teaching meth-ods and grading system were reformed,The main point of this course is improving students'ex-perimental technique and skill capability so as to effectively arouse the students'interest in study and improve their comprehensive experimental ability.


Abstract Background CMV infection is common post-kidney transplant (KT). Valganciclovir (VGC) prophylaxis (Px) has lessened CMV infection among high-risk (CMV D+/R-) KT recipients (KTRs), but VGC can induce neutropenia. We quantified the burden of CMV infection among CMV D+/R- KTRs and healthcare resources required to manage these patients (pts). Methods Retrospective study of pts undergoing KT between Jan 2014-Dec 2018. Study and control groups (gps) were CMV D+/R- and R+ KTRs, respectively. Standard post-KT immunosuppression was tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). D+/R- and R+ KTRs received VGC Px (900 mg/day) for 6 and 3 months (mos), respectively. Results Clinical characteristics did not differ between D+/R- (n=131) and R+ (n=140) pts. Median VGC Px duration was longer for D+/R- (183 vs 104 days, p< .01). Within the first 6 mos post KT, a higher proportion of D+/R- KTRs received ≥1-course of granulocyte-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (15% vs 6%, p=.02). VGC Px was stopped prematurely/intermittently in 20% and 10% of D+/R- and R+, respectively, due to neutropenia (p=0.02); corresponding data for stopping MMF for ≥1 mos were 32% and 21% (p=.05). 50% of D+/R- pts received < 3 mos Px. Leukopenia prompted hospitalization in 3% of D+/R- vs 0% of R+ pts (p=.05). CMV infections did not differ between gps (7% vs 6%, p=.80); however, VGC-resistant CMV was higher in D+/R- gp (3% vs 0%, p=.05). Between 6-12 mos post-KT, D+/R- KTRs had higher rates of CMV infection (24% vs 4%,p< .01), VGC resistance (5% vs 0%, p=.01), hospitalization due to CMV (11% vs 2%, p=.01), MD intervention (22% vs 2%,p< .01), and infectious disease (ID) referral (8% vs 2%,p= .04). 57% of CMV resistance was observed in pts who prematurely stopped VGC. Hospitalizations were longer for CMV infections in D+/R- KTRs (8 vs 1 d, p< .01). There was a trend toward higher rejection for D+/R- KTRs (13% vs 6%, p=.09). Conclusion Universal VGC Px in D+/R- KTR remains challenging and requires significant resources for monitoring and intervention for neutropenia, including MD involvement and ID referral. Intermittent/premature stop of VGC may have led to VGC-resistant CMV,and stop of MMF may have led to a trend of higher cellular rejection at 1 yr. There is critical need for new CMV agents with a better safety profile. Disclosures Amit D. Raval, PhD, Merck and Co., Inc. (Employee) Yuexin Tang, PhD, JnJ (Other Financial or Material Support, Spouse's employment)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Cornelius J. Clancy, MD, Merck (Grant/Research Support) Minh-Hong Nguyen, MD, Merck (Grant/Research Support)


The present invention relates to connection of boards, and is especially one kind of floor board connecting structure. The floor board connecting structure includes a tenon with slot for the tenon to produce elastic deformation on one side of the board, a mortise on the opposite side for matching with the tenon in one other board, and one locking mechanism in the joint between the tenon and the mortise. The floor board connecting structure can combine floor boards closely and smoothly.


The objective of this paper is to study smart home network systems and the application of LabVIEW to develop a human machine interface (HMI), so that traditional instrument panels can be replaced with virtual panels to reduce the consumption of hardware resources. For energy efficiency, MATLAB's fuzzy toolbox is used as the computing center, which is applied to the lighting system and air-conditioning system. This paper also uses LabVIEW's common gateway interface (CGI) tools to develop remote monitoring functions, as well as to embed the network-related syntax into the web pages. The user can not only use computer equipment, but can also use their mobile devices to connect to the networks and conduct remote monitoring, which enhances convenience and security. This paper is finally tested with actual cases, and the electricity consumption with and without fuzzy logic control is compared. The test results show that fuzzy logic control can reduce electricity consumption. As well as using computers to test the remote monitoring functions, cell phones and pads were used.


In this article, I explore what RT's unusually open-ended project commemorating the centenary of the Russian Revolution - #1917Live – tells us about its tendentious, mainstream output. I adopt an epistemological framework locating meaning in the marginal and different rather than the normative and recurrent, treating this 'un-RT like' project's components as multi-layered cultural texts to be interpreted rather than sociological data to be counted and coded. I read them through a hermeneutically inflected version of mediatisation theory. This theory's central precept posits a fusion of media practices with those of politics and everyday life. An under-researched corollary of that precept is a short-circuiting of the 'subject' and 'object' of media representations. As well as influencing #1917Live's emphasis on broadcaster-audience co-production, the short-circuiting effect foregrounds the modality of those representations – their truth claims and the subjectivities attached to the realities they depict. In analysing this effect, I highlight (1) #1917Live's chronotopic intertwining of past and present; (2) its 'event-ness': the sense that it constitutes a news story in its own right and (3) the ludic elements modalising its commemorative narratives by according them a distinctive ironic voice which re-establishes distance between 'subject' and 'object'. Linked to a late Soviet cultural phenomenon known as 'stiob', such features render #1917Live reflexive, carnivalesque and deeply dialogic, realigning it with RT's disruptive mainstream output and constituting a new kind of 'media event'. They indicate that RT's scandalous, 'pariah' reputation is internalised within a fragmented institutional identity key to the entire 'information war' dynamic.


Benzene–HF mixtures containing two liquid phases exhibit unusual electrical conductivity characteristics on the addition of small amounts of H2O or KF. Maximum conductivity is obtained with the anode contacting the interface between the phases and the cathode either contacting the interface or situated in the HF layer. On electrolysis, with the anode contacting the interface, polymer forms as a flat horizontal plate extending out from the anode at interface level; hydrogen is evolved at the cathode. The polymer is swollen by the cell liquid, and this composite appears to conduct electricity by a nonionic mechanism, and shows directional variation of conductivity. After removal of cell liquid from the polymer deposit, the remaining polymer is infusible, insoluble, and possesses excellent heat and chemical and electrical resistance. Elementary analyses of dry polymers from water bearing systems show loss of more than 2H per C6H6 molecule and introduction of variable amounts of F and O. Organic anionic complexes appear to be involved in the polymerization.


The present invention provides a hybrid fuel cell system that is configured to determine if an idle stop condition has been satisfied during a normal operation mode of the hybrid fuel cell system, cut off air Supply to a fuel cell to stop power generation of the fuel cell and reduce a voltage which the fuel cell outputs in response to determining that the idle stop condition has been satisfied. The voltage of a bidirectional converter, connected between a battery and a bus terminal is reduced and the output of the fuel cell is controlled, based on a first predetermined value and maintained at that first prede termined value. Subsequently, the battery is charged via the output current of the fuel cell generated by maintaining the reduced voltage of the bidirectional converter.


Using the concepts of "eigen-phase shifts" and "eigenchannels", multichannel processes like nuclear reactions are discussed. A simple one-level formula is derived. The formulation of collision processes enables an explicit determination of the reaction amplitudes in cases where interference between resonance and potential scattering exists or two resonance levels are close together within their widths. Situations in which reactions via Bohr's"compound nucleus" occur are discussed. Finally, anomaly (e.g., "cusp" behavior) of the elastic scattering at the threshold, where a new channel becomes open, is considered. The anomaly is demonstrated using a straight-forward generalization of Bethe's derivation of effective range theory. (auth)


The article shows that Zipf's "Principle of Least Effort" is also valid on the morphological level. As an example, the desinences of Russian verbal morphology are tested for following this linguistic law.


The Directory is designed to provide information on national industrial and trade associations--and, where appropriate, regional associations of national significance. It covers all countries of Europe except Great Britain and the Irish Republic, which are covered fully by the Directory of British Associations. Entries are arranged in alphabetical order by industry. Data for each association include: name, headquarters' address, telephone number, telex, membership, activities, and publications.


The world has become globalized now, although, the true meaning of globalization is still vague. With the accumulation of more and more power to the Westernized nations, as the synonym of United States, the concept of global conglomeration has been applied to practicality, ultimately. In this paper, without going into a debatable angle, will discuss the existence of World Cinema, and what does it really mean in the context of creme or quality filmmaking.


The United States is self sufficient in most varieties of talc and depends upon imports only for small tonnages of critical block steatite and for some varieties, such as cosmetic grades, where demand is based upon consumer preference. The United States yields about one-third of the world's total talc production and is the principal talc-producing nation. World production of talc was about 1.5 million tons in 1956. Quantitative appraisal of domestic resources of talc in terms of the various types and grades is complicated by wide variations in properties, complex geologic features of deposits, and industrial factors that preclude precise specifications for many grades, particularly the higher ones. The uses of talc are many and varied. Relatively small quantities of lump talc are required for special uses such as crayons and block steatite. Ground talc is used in a wide range of industrial applications. Classified as talc in the industrial sense are materials that range in composition from virtually the pure mineral to gross admixtures of talc, carbonate, tremolite, serpentine, and other minerals. Deposits of industrial talc are associated principally with sedimentary rocks and with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. Most of these deposits are confined to regions in which the rocks have been folded and metamorphosed. Carbonate rock, chiefly dolomite, is the most common parent rock of talc deposits associated with sedimentary rocks; serpentinite is the most common parent rock of deposits associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. The deposits show a wide range of genetic relations. Some were formed by contact metamorphism, others by regional metamorphism. Relationships to stratigraphy and structural features vary widely in nature and in relative importance. Deposits in sedimentary carbonate rock and quartzite commonly consist of relatively pure talc. Steatite, an especially pure variety of commercial talc, is associated almost exclusively with sedimentary carbonate rock. Deposits in argillaceous sedimentary rocks and in ultramafic rocks generally contain minerals that limit either the value or use of the talc. Block steatite has been produced, though sporadically and in small quantities, only in Montana and, probably, in California; none is currently produced in the United States. Steatite is produced chiefly in Montana and California. The chief producers of other grades of talc are California, New York, Vermont, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Nevada. Washington, New Mexico, and Arkansas are, or have been, minor and sporadic producers. The United States has no known reserves of block steatite, but small potential resources are known in Montana and California. Reserves of steatite total more than 2 million tons, and the total resources of steatite are probably several times 2 TALC RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES that. Crayon-talc resources, though poorly known, are probably ample for several decades. Reserves of other grades of talc are adequate for any foreseeable requirements. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT This report is a summary of the available information on the talc resources of the United States. It concerns all varieties of commercial talc,1 but the main emphasis is on grades and types that are essential to our industrial needs and that are most likely to be strategic or critical. These are the varieties composed essentially of talc and include chiefly block steatite, steatite (ground), and crayon talc. Less pure varieties may eventually serve for these uses when advances in technology permit the upgrading of impure material and the forming of ground talc into blocks that are adequate substitutes for the natural massive varieties. Geologic factors of the talc deposits are stressed because genetic features determine to a large extent the physical and chemical characteristics of the talc. However, the geologic discussion is limited to features that are essential for evaluation of talc resources. For details of geologic theory and descriptions of individual deposits and districts, the reader is referred to publications cited in the bibliography. SOURCES OF INFORMATION This report is based on several kinds of information. Three of the principal talc-bearing regions, in whole or in part, have been studied in detail by the authors Engel, the Gouverneur district, New York ; Chidester, Vermont; Wright, California. Engel and Chidester visited the Inyo Eange-Northern Panamint Kange district in California, the Dillon-Ennis district in Montana, and the Murphy district in North Carolina in 1950; Chidester visited the Chatsworth district in Georgia in 1950; Wright, Engel, and Chidester examined the Southern Death Valley-Kingston Range district in California in 1952; Wright visited the Hembrillo Canyon-San Andres Mountains district in New Mexico and the Palmetto-Oasis district in Nevada in 1942; and Wright and Chidester reexamined the principal deposits of the Dillon-Ennis district in Montana in 1957. The literature was thoroughly searched. Most of the statistical data were obtained from publications of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, particularly the Minerals Yearbook and the annual Mineral Market Reports on "Talc, Soapstone, and Pyrophyllite." Because of the time interval between visits to mines and other factors inherent in a project of this kind, the information on some 1 Pyrophyllite, the production data for which are commonly lumped with those of talc in statistical compilations, is not included in this report.


This paper investigates the fiscal crowding-out effect, measured as the extent to which private saving is offset by public saving, based on the degree of a country's international financial integration. Using heterogeneous panel data for 95 countries over the period 1970–2010, the results reveal that the dynamics for the private/public saving offset are highly nonlinear and time-varying. While the private/public saving offset has gradually declined in advanced economies, it has been relatively constant in emerging market economies. This pattern appears to reflect the differing paces of financial integration between advanced and emerging market economies. Since the early 2000s, the extent of the offset of advanced economies has been smaller than that of emerging market economies by approximately 16 percent. JEL Classification: C33; E21; E62; F36; G15; O50


This paper presents a phase-locked loop (PLL) method aimed to provide an estimation of the phase angle and the amplitude of the fundamental positive sequence component of a three-phase reference signal subject to severe unbalance and high harmonic distortion. In addition the proposed scheme provides the estimation of the angular frequency, and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of the reference signal. The proposed method is referred as CSRF-PLL and consists of a cascade interconnection of two recently reported PLL schemes, namely, UH-PLL reported in [1] and the conventional SRF-PLL reported in [2]. In the CSRF-PLL, the UH-PLL is used as a pre-filter to extract the positive-sequence component of the reference signal which is fed to the SRF-PLL. Recall that the proper operation of the SRF-PLL can only be guaranteed if its input is a pure sinusoidal and balanced signal, which in this case is represented by the fundamental positive sequence delivered by the UH-PLL. The SRF-PLL is used, in its turn, to estimate the fundamental frequency which is necessary for the proper operation of the UH-PLL. Simulations are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. Experimental evidence will be provided in the final version of the paper.


ABSTRACT H. J. Zassenhaus conjectured that any unit of finite-order and augmentation one in the integral group ring of a finite group G is conjugate in the rational group algebra to an element of G. One way to verify this is showing that such unit has the same distribution of partial augmentations as an element of G and the HeLP Method provides a tool to do that in some cases. In this paper, we use the HeLP Method to describe the partial augmentations of a hypothetical counterexample to the conjecture for the projective special linear groups.


Studies of exposure to petroleum (crude oil/fuel) often involve monitoring benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and styrene (BTEXS) because of their toxicity and gas-phase prevalence, where exposure is typically by inhalation. However, BTEXS levels in the general U.S. population are primarily from exposure to tobacco smoke, where smokers have blood levels on average up to eight times higher than nonsmokers. This work describes a method using partition theory and artificial neural network (ANN) pattern recognition to classify exposure source based on relative BTEXS and 2,5-dimethylfuran blood levels. A method using surrogate signatures to train the ANN was validated by comparing blood levels among cigarette smokers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with BTEXS and 2,5-dimethylfuran signatures derived from the smoke of machine-smoked cigarettes. Classification agreement for an ANN model trained with relative VOC levels was up to 99.8% for nonsmokers and 100.0% for smokers. As such, because there is limited blood level data on individuals exposed to crude oil/fuel, only surrogate signatures derived from crude oil and fuel were used for training the ANN. For the 2007-2008 NHANES data, the ANN model assigned 7 out of 1998 specimens (0.35%) and for the 2013-2014 NHANES data 12 out of 2906 specimens (0.41%) to the crude oil/fuel signature category.


—Indications of student learning activities when doing learning activities from home occur one-way learning communication which makes student-teacher interaction less responsive, so cooperative learning is needed so that students are more responsive assisted by interactive media to facilitate students in learning. The teacher makes a new strategy using a learning approach, namely the Learning Management System (LMS) Schoology in cooperative learning that is able to have an impact on student learning activities. The application of Miro Schoology LMS for the experimental class and the Indonesian Smart School Application (SPI) for the control class. The purpose of the study was to determine the differences in student learning activities in the use of LMS Schoology in cooperative learning. The research design used a quasi-experimental and the research location was at SMKN 5 Bandung with sampling using purposive sampling technique, namely Class XI DPIB 3 as the experimental class and Class XI DPIB 5 as the control class. The research instrument in data collection was in the form of a questionnaire to measure each indicator of student activity. Data analysis used Descriptive Analysis and Non-Parametric tests to determine the difference in the average value or percentage of learning activities between the two classes. The results of the research data using LMS Schoology in cooperative learning showed significant differences in the results of learning activities between the two research classes. The average value of the experimental class activity was 39.43, bigger than the control class 23.36, indicating that there was a significant difference in student activity. The percentage value of student learning activity indicators consists of paying attention, listening, writing, asking, arguing, and behaving. The average percentage of activeness in the experimental class was 87% (Very Active) which was greater than the control class of 72% (Active).


Mervyn Bennum argues that the conflict between the government and the Gauteng High Court over the International Criminal Court and the Al- Bashir ruling is not legal but political.


A systematic study of such failures is expected to help in identifying the critical elements/sub-syste m prone to failure.CNC machines into groups' helps maintenance department to focus their attention to the machine that has high tendency to produce defec t. In this work failure analysis of computerized numerical control (CNC) lathes as well milling machine are collected, investigated and described. Failure data of CNC's lathes and CNC's milling over a period of six years was considered. The failure position and subsystem, failure mode and cause were analyzed to indicate the weak subsystem of a CNC Milling Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method, was used to identify each CNC machine failure. These failures were then used to c reate a quality inspection order, so that the machi ne with the lowest failure could be inspected before t he machine with the highest failure The results suggest that the proposed method helps to detect fa ilure causes of CNC machine earlier hence reducing the number of delay found in the productio n line.


This article charts the growth of largescale educational assessment in Brazil starting with the implementation of the National System for the Evaluation of Basic Education (SAEB) and the creation of the first state system in Minas Gerais. The first purpose of the study is to determine whether these and any subsequent systems were created to promote accountability at school level. The second purpose is to determine the extent to which the country's first experiments in establishing consequences for teachers and school administrators on the basis of comparative school performance heralds the adoption of accountability policies on a wider scale.


lymphocyte production. These latter cells, however, are probably destroyed before they enter the blood-stream. (2) The skin under these circumstances reverts " blindly " to its foetal function, and attempts to fiill the deficiency, so far as lymphoid cells are concerned. Hence the formation of multiple lymphocytic skin tumours. These are, in effect, unavailing. I am indebted to Dr. Whitfield for much greatly valued help, especially in connection with the microscopical sections.


Vernal pools are seasonal wetlands that are noted for their unique flora and fauna. Soils are critical to the hydrologic function of the vernal pools, but few studies have examined the mineralogy of vernal pool soils in detail. In this study, the soil mineralogy of a vernal pool catena on basalt in southern California was investigated to identify the mineral components, their origin, and their relationship to the soil hydrologic environment. Kaolin and smectite are found in the soil clay fraction throughout the catena. Kaolin, derived from plagioclase weathering, is the predominant clay mineral in the loamy upper slope soils. Excess silica and other soluble cations from the weathering of plagioclase and pyroxene are carried in throughflow to the lower slope positions where they precipitate primarily as smectite, producing clayey Vertisols. Minor amounts of quartz and biotite are present in the soils, apparently from eolian deposition. The biotite is interpreted to weather to vermiculite, and subsequently to a trioctahedral smectite, which is found in both upper and lower slope soils. Slope wash has transported soil material, including trioctahedral smectite and kaolin, from the upper slope to lower slope soils. Two dioctahedral smectite species are distinguished in the basin soils based on d(060) spacings and are interpreted to have neoformed and transformed from biotite or pyroxene. The mineralogy of the vernal pool catena is differentiated by pedogenic processes related to mineral weathering, relative solubility of released elements, slope wash, and soil hydrology.


Provided are an image capture lens which offers high-quality images while having a two-layer configuration, and an image capture device employing same. In a two-layer configuration image capture lens, with the value r2/f exceeding the lower bound of the formula (1), the radius of curvature of the image-side face of the first lens cannot be made too small and overcompensation on the image capture surface which is curved on the periphery thereof may be prevented. Additionally, the focal length of the first lens increases, thereby bringing the forward principal point location closer to the image surface, increasing the image capture lens optical length, and complicating miniaturization. Conversely, with the value r2/f falling below the upper bound of the formula (1), the radius of curvature cannot be made too large, a high image height light beam may be projected therefrom, and an incident angle of a primary light beam upon the periphery may be appropriately set. Additionally, the Petzval sum does not get too large with respect to a solid state image capture element which is curved on the periphery thereof, and it is thus possible to obtain good image surface performance out to the screen periphery part. 0.40


Metal detectors have been used for a long time for treasure hunting, security screening, and finding buried objects such as landmines or unexploded ordnance. Walk-through metal detection (WTMD) portals are used for making sure that forbidden or threatening metallic items, such as knives or guns, are not carried into secure areas at critical locations such as airports, court rooms, embassies, and prisons. The 9/11 terrorist act has given rise to stricter rules for aviation security worldwide, and the ensuing tighter security procedures have meant that passengers face more delays at airports. Moreover, the fear of terrorism has led to the adoption of security screening technology in a variety of places such as railway and coach stations, sports events, malls, and nightclubs. However, the current WTMD technology and scanning procedures at airports require that all metallic items be removed from clothing prior to scanning, causing inconvenience. Furthermore, alarms are triggered by innocuous items such as shoe shanks and artificial joints, along with overlooked items such as jewellery and belts. These lead to timeconsuming, manual pat-down searches, which are found inconvenient, uncomfortable, and obtrusive by some. Modern WTMD portals are very sensitive devices that can detect items with only small amounts of metal, but they currently lack the ability to further classify the detected item. However, if a WTMD portal were able to classify objects reliably into, e.g., "knives", "belts", "keys", the need for removing the items prior to screening would disappear, enabling a paradigm shift in the field of security screening. This thesis is based on novel research presented in five peer-reviewed publications. The scope of the problem has been narrowed down to a situation in which only one metallic item is carried through the portal at a time. However, the methods and results presented in this thesis can be generalized into a multi-object scenario. It has been shown that by using a WTMD portal and the magnetic polarisability tensor, it is possible to accurately distinguish between threatening and innocuous targets and to classify them into 10 to 13 arbitrary classes. Furthermore, a data library consisting of natural walk-throughs has been collected, and it has been demonstrated that the walk-through data collected with the above portal are subject to phenomena that might affect classification, in particular a bias and the so-called body effect. However, the publications show that, by using realistic walk-through data, high classification accuracy can be maintained regardless of the above problems. Furthermore, a self-diagnostics method for detecting unreliable samples has also been presented with potential to significantly increase classification accuracy and the reliability of decision making. The contributions presented in this thesis have a variety of implications in the field of WTMD-based security screening. The novel technology offers more information, such as


—Blockchain technology has the advantages of decentralization, de-trust, and non-tampering, which breaks through the limitations of traditional centralized technology, so it has gradually become the key technology of power data security storage and privacy protection. In the existing smart grid framework, the grid operator is a centralized key distribution organization, which is responsible for sending all the secret credentials, so it is easy to have a single point of failure, resulting in a large number of personal information losses. To solve the problems of inflexible access control in smart grid data-sharing framework and considering the limitation of multi-party cooperation among grid operators and efficiency, an attribute-based access control scheme supporting privacy preservation in smart grid is constructed in this paper. A fine-grained access control scheme supporting privacy protection is designed and extended to the smart grid system, which enables the system to achieve fine-grained access control of power data. A decryption test algorithm is added before the decryption algorithm. Finally, through performance analysis and comparison with other schemes, it is verified that the performance of this system is 7% higher than the traditional method, and the storage cost is 9.5% lower, which reflects the superiority of the system. Full optimization of the access policy is achieved. It is proved that the scheme is more efficient to implement the coordination and cooperation of multiple authorized agencies in the system initialization.


This volume is an invaluable aid to anyone seeking to understand the process of decolonialization and structural change in newly independent nations. I would put the point as broadly as that because this series of eye-witness, participants' accounts of day-to-day struggle and change in Mozambique's health service has implications for understanding the 'socialization' of other seemingly 'technical' areas beyond the borders of'health' or 'medicine'. The same story of the popular struggles, demands and initiatives underlying changes in technology and organization in such fields as heavy industry or agriculture could be told (as, for example, in Hanlon's recent book Revolution under Fire). Other countries have also experienced the difficult transition from national liberation struggle to the seizure and reorganization of the pre-revolutionary state. The dialectic of people and professionals, state and party, mass and elite constantly reoccurs in such diverse situations as Vietnam and Nicaragua. The studies, or rather 'reports', in this volume are a valuable source of understanding of such processes of transition in one revolutionary situation, revolving around one 'technical' field.


Information Flow Control (IFC) tools are a common way to analyze source code with the goal to find confidentiality or integrity violations for sensitive information. Therefore, to correctly protect such information (e.g., passwords), it is important to choose the most suitable tool for each target software system. In this context, we evaluate precision, recall, and accuracy for three open-source IFC tools for Java-written systems. We also check whether these tools are useful to protect sensitive information of real systems. First, we execute these tools against test cases of the SecuriBench Micro benchmark built for this purpose. Then, we run three selected IFC tools (JOANA, PIDGIN, and Flowdroid) to assess whether they are able to detect violations for rules we define considering each real system. Our results show that JOANA and PIDGIN overcome FlowDroid regarding precision, recall, and accuracy. Furthermore, the execution of JOANA and PIDGIN allow us to find eight confidentiality and integrity violations for the target systems. We registered these violations as issues on those projects. Our results also demonstrate that JOANA is faster than PIDGIN. At last, we provide some discussion for developers on which IFC tool fits better when dealing with sensitive information in software systems.


Conformational analysis of potent competitive inhibitors of aromatase, androst-4-enes 5, as well as 2,4-diene steroids 3, 4, and 6 was carried out, using theoretical calculations, to determine the stereochemistry of their aromatase-catalyzed oxygenation. In the steroids examined, both the 19-alcohols and the 19-aldehydes favor the above- A ring conformation among the possible three in each. The results suggest that the 3-deoxy steroid 5a as well as the 2,4-diene steroids 4a and 6a would be oxygenated at C-19 by aromatase through the same stereomechanism as that involved in the androstenedione aromatization.


The National Adult Protective Services Resource Center (NAPSRC) is a project (No. 90ER0003) of the Administration for Community Living, U.S. Administration on Aging, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), administered by the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA). Grantees carrying out projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Therefore, points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent official Administration on Aging or DHHS policy. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) was first defined by Dr. David Sackett (1996) as, "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient" and was first applied in the field of medicine. The press for evidence-based practices has spread to allied health and human services professions, but is still rather new in terms of applications to Adult Protective Services. Project and program funders, however, as well as payers such as health insurance companies, are increasingly requiring that evidencebased practices be applied when professionals provide health, mental health, social and related human services. We can all well understand the need for evidence -based practices among professionals serving individuals. What one of us wants, for example, to be prescribed a drug or receive a potentially life-altering medical, dental, nursing, mental health or other intervention that has not been systematically and rigorously tested through valid research and found to be efficacious? As practitioners, we want to be able to offer potential interventions to our clients with confidence that what we are suggesting actually has a likelihood of improving the client's situation. We would also like to know that research has determined that the intervention under consideration has been found safe and not harmful in the circumstances in which we may apply it. Hence the need for research to systemically investigate professional practices in all fields applying human interventions and to develop those interventions based upon methods that have been proven to be helpful.


Advertising industry experience directing teams of people that serviced interactive clients, leading clients from concept through launch, turning interactive ideas into profitable business components.


Saturation solubility of melamine under different temperature and pH was studied.The results showed that saturation solubility of melamine increased with an increase of acidity and alkalinity.It was increased particularly with temperature and acidity.The change of saturation solubility of melamine with temperature and pH followed the equation m=Mexp(0.9576pH+0.4191-SX(343.8029pH+1466.7506/T],when pH was less than seven.the calculated values were conformed to the experimental data.


Evidence for an unusual type of cointegrate formation was found as the result of analyzing three integration events that fused a mobilization-deficient Bacteroides plasmid (pEG920) with the excised circular form of a nonreplicating Bacteroides element (NBU1). NBU1 is capable of inserting itself into DNA segments, but the cointegrates were the result of invasion of NBU1 by pEG920, not vice versa. The same site on pEG920 was involved in all cases. Sequence analysis of the cointegrates suggested that the integration events may have been the result of a multistep process in which a conjugative transposon was involved.


Focusing on simulation of Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy(SHS),the emulational calculation of different characteristic light source is described.Based on the basic concept,configuration of system and the relationship between systemic parameter and interference,the conceptive simulations of monochromatic source and continuum spectrum source are discussed separately.The impact of different bandwidth and sampling bandwidth on the emulational results is also analyzed.Moreover,Contrast and analyze the experimental data obtained by Brassboard SHS and simulating result.These experimental results demonstrate that emulational data is coincident with experimental data,which offers us beneficial guide and necessary basis for designing and rebuilding SHS system.


Abstract Despite the high level of interpretability of the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) as one of the widely-used data mining models, its results usually are less accurate than other models. To address the low accuracy of the CART model, this paper developed two new and enhanced CART-based algorithms that can provide both high interpretability and high accuracy for flood susceptibility mapping. In the developed models, various hyperparameters of the CART were explicitly tuned using the genetic algorithm (GA) and grid search (GS) methods. Eleven variables and 222 flood locations were used in Sardabroud watershed in Iran for modelling. The results showed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 0.884, 0.927 and 0.908, respectively, for the CART, CART-GS and CART-GA models in the validation run. The results showed that the developed models can produce the output that satisfies both accuracy and interpretability criteria.


After a short respite (I hope you enjoyed it), the NHS is back on the front pages of the tabloids. The National Patient Safety Agency's first report brought with it a flurry of publicity about not only the figures it contained but the 'spin'the Government supposedly tried to put on them. Both the Daily Mail and, in London, the Evening Standard carried front page headlines claiming a 'Great Hospital Blunders Cover-Up' and warning of the one million errors that the report suggested were happening in the NHS each year. Others followed suit, with stories across the board focusing on both the one-in-10 rate of adverse incidents in NHS hospitals and the way the report was handled by ministers.


Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-1H-phosphirene I underwent photochem. ring enlargement to dihydrophosphasilete II (R = SiMe3). The reactivity of II (R = SiMe3) was explored by reaction with a) ClP: CSiMe3 in ether to give II (R = P:CSiMe3); b) HC.tplbond.CCO2Me in ether to give II [R = CH:C(CO2Me)SiMe3]; c) Ph2C:C:O to give II [R = C(OSiMe3):CPh2]; and d) R1C(O)Cl to give III (R1 = CMe3 or ferrocenyl).


Silicon, as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), is intensively researched. Although various efforts is devoted to addressing major issues of silicon anodes, the intrinsic low conductivity and tremendous volume change still hinder its further real practical applications. Constructing carbon–silicon hybrid materials is regarded as the powerful strategy to improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of silicon, in which the component dimensional variations and the dimensional hybridization way play critical roles in improving lithium storage performances. Carbon–silicon hybrids are classified herein, based on dimensional variations of silicon and carbon, and the latest representative progresses on carbon–silicon hybrids following such classifications are elaborated, with emphasis on the involved dimensional design formulas, the resultant synergistic effects, and the potential in performance enhancement. To conclude, the future directions and prospects in the field are discussed, providing insight into the rational design and scalable construction of advanced carbon–silicon hybrids and electrode systems for practical LIB.


Significance Single-celled microorganisms are important in ecosystems, and their behaviors impact the Earth's environments. To survive in harsh environments, these organisms frequently act as though exercising discretion. How do they achieve such intelligent behaviors? In this work, we focused on the accumulation of ciliates on solid/fluid interfaces, where they can obtain sufficient nutrients and a stable environment. This phenomenon is not described in the standard hydrodynamics of microswimmers. Our experiment and simulation revealed that simple principles, the anisotropic shape of the cell and the mechanosensing nature of cilia, induce the accumulation of ciliates on solid/fluid interfaces. The contribution of our work is that a simple response of the cellular apparatus and fluid dynamics explain the apparently clever behavior of ciliates. An important habit of ciliates, namely, their behavioral preference for walls, is revealed through experiments and hydrodynamic simulations. A simple mechanical response of individual ciliary beating (i.e., the beating is stalled by the cilium contacting a wall) can solely determine the sliding motion of the ciliate along the wall and result in a wall-preferring behavior. Considering ciliate ethology, this mechanosensing system is likely an advantage in the single cell's ability to locate nutrition. In other words, ciliates can skillfully use both the sliding motion to feed on a surface and the traveling motion in bulk water to locate new surfaces according to the single "swimming" mission.


There was a big forest fire in Northeastern China in May, 1987. An apparently new aerosol layer was detected at the base of the stratosphere. The fire burned from about 6 to 28 May 1987 and produced extensive clouds of smoke that were tracked for thousands of kilometers using NOAA weather satellite imagery. It was found that during and just after this fire, the concentration of particles in the upper tropopause and lower stratosphere above the Pacific Ocean and North America increased as much as 10 times normal concentrations. The increase of the atmospheric extinction coefficient was contributed mostly by sulfates and soot resulting from biomass burning and coal combustion. It was shown that their contributions can reach 80 to 90 percent of the whole extinction coefficient. The forest fire can inject smoke high into the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in atmospheric extinction that might lead to a climate perturbation.