Author(s): Rodriguez, Liliana V | Advisor(s): Telles, Edward E | Abstract: This study explores the incorporation processes of adolescent arrivlas who migrated to the United States prior to the presidential election of 2016, the majority from Mexico. Adolescent arrivals are immigrant youth between the ages of 13 and 18 referred to in the literature as members of the 1.25-generation. I conducted ethnographic work with 30 adolescent arrivals both documented and undocumented in a community in California's central coast region. This study interrogates notions of belonging by examining how the current political and social contexts of white supremacy, anti-immigrant discourses and policies, and nativist rhetoric, influence the integration of adolescent arrivals in the United States. As immigrants and as English Language Learners, these students confront many obstacles both in their academic and personal journeys in the host society, particularly today. The election of Donald Trump brought upon a climate of trepidation and anxiety among these students, who constantly express fears of deportation, racism, and hate crimes. Through the concept I term negotiating liminality—the meaning-making process by which adolescent arrivals adhere to as they make sense, understand, and ultimately respond to political tactics aimed directly at dismantling their communities, I examine their experiences. My analysis reveals adolescent arrivals are not passive individuals that see themselves as victims but instead are active agents negotiating the consequences of being immigrants, English Language Learners, and people with precarious citizenship status, among many other factors that limit their opportunities in the United States.


Spartina alterniflora,an introduced species vegetating on inter-tidal flats from the eastern coast of the United States,has become a hot topic focusing on its invasion to local species in the coastal zone of China.Impacts of S.alterniflora to soil microbial diversity in Jiangsu coastland was discussed by the result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction-amplified(PCR) 16S rDNA fragments in soil samples of Spartina salt marsh and mudflat.At each study site,fifteen plots were sampled to provide the sediment characteristics along the tidal flats in different seasons.The total bacterial DNA from the two studied soils was extracted directly,and the DNA was purified by Sepharose 4B absorbent column for wiping off the humus.16S rDNA of bacteria from the two soils were amplified and were separated by DGGE.The samples got different DGGE bands because of the difference of microbial diversity in the two environments.DGGE profiles of the PCR productions were compared by similarity analysis.The results suggested that the soil microbial diversity in these two environments were not high.And,the two kind of soil samples got similar microbial community structure in spring time.As a whole,the microbial community components in inter-tidal zone differed with seasonal variety.And S.alterniflora has obviously changed the microbial community components when being introduced to Jiangsu coastal inter-tidal zone.


The wind power input to the ocean general circulation is usually calculated from the time-averaged wind products. Here, this wind power input is reexamined using available observations, focusing on the role of the synoptically varying wind. Power input to the ocean general circulation is found to increase by over 70% when 6-hourly winds are used instead of monthly winds. Much of the increase occurs in the storm-track regions of the Southern Ocean, Gulf Stream, and Kuroshio Extension. This result holds irrespective of whether the ocean surface velocity is accounted for in the wind stress calculation. Depending on the fate of the highfrequency wind power input, the power input to the ocean general circulation relevant to deep-ocean mixing may be less than previously thought. This study emphasizes the difficulty of choosing appropriate forcing for ocean-only models.


Abstract : The results of material optimization, fabrication techniques and the fabrication of prototype air distribution systems for thermalibrium clothing are summarized. The engineering research effort was ac- complished in two work phases. The initial phase was directed to the testing of materials, the development of fabrication techniques and the fabrication to two prototype systems for design, verification testing at U.S. Army Natick Laboratories. The second phase of the program involved the modification of patterns, and the fabrication of 34 air distribution systems on a modified production basis. The counter- flow system of distributing ventilating and/ or con-conditioned air for protective clothing can be manufactured under standard production methods, using commercially available materials.


Despite the fact that the elderly population is increasing, most health professions faculty have received no formal training in geriatrics. In addition, only limited efforts have been made to evaluate the effectiveness of training that has been provided. We describe a summer faculty development program aimed at enabling educators to integrate gerontology and geriatrics into health care curricula at institutions of higher education throughout Oregon. We then report the findings of an evaluation of the first 4 years of the program's existence. The program's structure; process; and primary outcomes, such as the number of faculty trained, whether program objectives were met, and trainees' satisfaction and self‐reported improvements in knowledge, skills, and aging‐related attitudes, were examined. Secondary outcomes, such as the offering of new gerontology/geriatrics courses for students, revision of curricula to incorporate geriatric content, development of geriatric clinical training sites, and increased net...


The coastal area has naturally attractive to population and industry due to its convenient geographical location and abundant resources. While the coastal area provides geographical advantages and resources for urban development, it also experiencing a dramatically growing vulnerability to natural hazards. For coastal mega-cities like Shanghai, typhoon storm surge presents a significant threat to both infrastructure and populations with relatively high vulnerability. Another fact about Shanghai coastal area is that the reclamation land has grown substantially due to the huge demand of land for further urban development. On the one hand, the reclamation land can alleviate the continuous growth of cities in the process of the rapid expansion of cities. The other side of this is that such extensive reclamation activities require a good sustainable land use plan under climate change scenario, otherwise, it may result in the increasing of vulnerability or even leads to some catastrophic damage. Therefore, this research presents a new method for reclamation planning based on vulnerability assessment to typhoon storm surge inundation. First, typhoon events in the past were simulated to generate the inundation scenarios. Then, the vulnerability of different land use types with a set of hazard-proxies to these inundations was assessed and verified by a new stage-damage curve system. Moreover, the model was run under climate change scenarios to predict the vulnerability to extreme typhoon event in the future. Based on the above vulnerability assessment, this research will provide a planning tool for reclamation.


A mechanical beam chopper consists of a rotating disc of regularly spaced wide slits which allow light to pass through them. A continuous light beam, after passing through the rotating disc, is switched-on and switched-off periodically, and a series of optical pulses are produced. The intensity of each pulse is expected to rise and fall smoothly with time. However, a careful study has revealed that the edges of mechanically chopped laser light pulses consist of periodic intensity undulations which can be detected with a photo detector. It has been shown in this paper that the intensity undulations in mechanically chopped laser pulses are produced by diffraction of light from the rotating disc and a detailed explanation of the intensity undulations is given. The experiment provides an efficient method to capture a one dimensional diffraction profile of light from a straight sharp-edge in the time domain. In addition, the experiment accurately measured wavelengths of three different laser beams from the undulations in mechanically chopped laser light pulses.


Boiler data supporting platform was built, which simulated the real behavior of the boiler in the way of data, leading to an effective development of diagnostic systems. This platform is a computer network in Server/Client mode, which establishes and maintains some important databases of boiler, such as history, structure, configuration, and fault databases. Many boiler faults can be simulated or reappeared in form of data. The introducing of data bulletin board makes some senior diagnostic methods possible, including distribute diagnosis and cooperative diagnosis. The simulating experiment shows the platform can simulate the data behavior of boiler and supply fault data. The platform can be used to develop and debug boiler diagnostic system. When linked to various diagnostic modules and connected to the boiler real time data, the data platform becomes a complete online diagnostic system of power plant boiler.


Aiming at the power allocation problem of multiple energy storage power stations distributed at different locations in the regional power grid participating in frequency modulation services, a frequency modulation power optimization allocation strategy for multiple energy storage systems considering the dual constraints of frequency modulation cost and frequency modulation capability is proposed. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization allocation model for frequency modulation power is constructed with the minimum frequency modulation cost and minimum deviation of the state of charge (SOC) for energy storage power plants. Secondly, using Pareto based multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to solve the model, introduce adaptive weight coefficients and fuzzy membership functions for each objective function regarding the frequency regulation demand of the power grid and the deviation of the SOC of energy storage stations, construct a comprehensive satisfaction function to make decisions on the most advantageous points on the Pareto frontier, in order to obtain the optimal output of each energy storage station that can adapt to the frequency regulation requirements of the power grid. Finally, simulation analysis was conducted on the proposed strategy in this article, and the results showed that: The proposed strategy not only enhances the frequency regulation economy of the regional power grid, but also helps to restore the SOC of the energy storage power station.


With the objective of evaluating different biological and metabolic indicators in males and females Pseudocurimata boulengeri in three ecosystems of Los Ríos, Ecuador, specimens were captured in the areas of Ventana, Quevedo and Buena Fe (60 per area, 180 total), and proceeded to perform the sexing. The following were determined: size, weight, thickness of the head, trunk and tail, as well as the size-weight relationship. Stomasomatic, gonadal, hepatosomatic, vicerosomatic indices and condition factor. Glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride were also evaluated. A 3×2 factorial arrangement was used. Regression analysis to establish the functional relationship between length and weight. For the morphometric indicators, differences between interactions were shown, although higher values were observed in females regardless of the locality, with a weight of 185 g, a length of 23.43 cm and head thickness that exceeded 6 cm. The biological indices reflected differences between the interactions, thus the hepatosomatic, gonadal, and vicerosomatic indexes were higher for females in the locality of Ventanas with 0.97, 12.76, and 20.04, respectively. For the metabolic indicators, differences were shown between the interactions with greater variability for sex. It was shown that for the morphometric indicators, sex did not prevail. The biological indices were influenced by sex, with superiority for females except the stomasomatic. While metabolic indicators showed variability with respect to areas and sex.


Intrasexual competition implies viewing the confrontation with same-sex individuals, especially in the context of contact with the opposite-sex, in competitive terms. After constructing the items for the preliminary scale and after conducting a pilot study, in two studies with a total of 706 participants from The Netherlands and Canada, a 12-item scale for individual differences in intrasexual competition was developed that was sex neutral, and that had a high degree of cross- national equivalence. In The Netherlands, sociosexuality, sex drive and social comparison orien- tation were independently related to intrasexual competition. In Canada, intrasexual competition was strongly, and independently of the Big Five, related to social comparison orientation, but only among women. There was no effect of birth order, but sibling rivalry did correlate with intrasex- ual competition. Among men, intrasexual competition was more strongly, and differently, related to the Big Five than among women. Among women, intrasexual competition was predicted by a lack of agreeableness, and among men by a high level of neuroticism and extraversion.


ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical methods and effects of anterior cervical decompression, interbody fusion with bone graft or with titanium mesh or cage and plate internal fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods Sixty-six patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent anterior cervical decompression, then interbody fusion with auto-ilium graft or with titanium mesh or cage, and plate internal fixation. All patients were followed up for 32 months on average. The criterion of interbody fusion was estimated by Zdeblick's imaging standard and the clinical effect by Jia Lianshun's evaluation method. Results Of the treatment of anterior cervical decompression with plate internal fixation, to interbody fusion with auto-ilium graft, fine rate was 87.5%, incidence of donor-site complication was 12.1% and intervertebral height lost for degeneration of intervertebral disc was 7.6%. To cervical interbody fusion with titanium mesh or cage, fine rate was 96.1% without donor-site complication or intervertebral height lost for degeneration of intervertebral disc. ConclusionThe clinical results of anterior cervical decompression, interbody fusion with bone graft or with titanium mesh or cage and plate internal fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy are both satisfactory. Cervical spine can get stability immediately after plate internal fixation. The procedure of inerbody fusion with bone graft is simple and the cost is lower, but there are donor-site complication and intervertebral height lost. However, cervical interbody fusion with titanium mesh or cage is stabler and firmer with less intervertebral height lost. So the effect of the latter is better than that of the former.


We investigate the Sivers distribution functions of sea quark in proton with chiral Lagrangian. The reasonable numerical results for the first momentum xΔNfq¯(1)(x) are obtained without any fine tuning of the parameters. Our results are also comparable with the recent phenomenological extractions.


Based on the deviation in the results of evaluation by using different methods to evaluate the same economical phenomenon,this paper proposes a system method of comprehensive evaluation to make the result more objective and comprehensive,avoiding the one-sidedness of using one particular method in the evaluation.Simultaneously,the infrastructure level of thirteen city in Jiangsu province are comprehensively evaluated by using this method.


We thank Reviewer#2 for the positive revision of this manuscript, and for contributing to its improvement. According to his/her general comments, we rewrote the abstract and the conclusion to include more specific findings of our study. In-depth explanations were given as to EBR results that we found. The seasonal trend of the fluxes was shown in our study, including the highlight of years when data were poor for further analysis. We hope that this effort will improve the manuscript, by strengthening the weak points highlighted by this Reviewer. We tried to answer every comment in detail (see supplement file).


AbstractIn order to improve the performance of a solar still to a simple greenhouse, several experimental works have carried out from which we can enumerate the active distiller which represents a simple-effect solar still coupled with a solar collector and where the brine to be distilled is preheated. In order to increase the amount of distilled water, we set up an active solar still with a storage balloon of sensitive heat. Our prototype consists of a solar still with a simple greenhouse effect, having a metal cover which is considered as a condenser. A heat exchanger "tube type" is set up inside the basin to heat the distilled and where a good insulation is provided at the posterior side of the solar still. The aim of this work is to enrich the already available data by a mathematical modeling of the proposed prototype, which is based on the thermal balances and by using appropriate heat and mass coefficients aided by some simplifying assumptions. The aim of the simulation is also the optimization cert...


Objective: To observe the impact of transabdominal myomectomy(TAM) and laparoscopic myomectomy(LM) on the outcomes of pregnancy.Methods: Medical records were reviewed in 96 patients with uterine myoma undergone conservative treatment(n =32),TAM(n =32) and LM(n = 32),respectively,between Jan.2007 and Jan.2011 in our hospital.The outcomes of pregnancy were statistically analyzed and compared among the three groups in a 2-year period of follow-up.Results: Both TAM and LM had successfully boosted the postoperative pregnancy rates,and showed significant difference regarding intraoperative blood loss,postoperative exhaust time,postoperative pelvic adhesions and postoperative relapse(P 0.05),yet had no significant difference in operating time between two procedures(P 0.05).Although the three groups had no significant differences in incidences of abortion,preterm,term birth,placenta previa,uterine rupture and placenta abruption(P 0.05),the difference was significant concerning abnormal fetal position and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage(P 0.05).Conclusion: The two proce-dures appear to improve the successful pregnancy and reduce the incidences of abnormal fetal position and postpartum hemorrhage,yet could not bring down the incidences of abortion,premature birth,placenta previa,uterine rupture and placental abruption.


This guide to making informed choices of CAM treatments for pain provides the evidence supporting their use and suggestions on how they might be incorporated into your daily practice.


Abstract By correlating literary evidence, avian ethology and neurophysiology I will try to demonstrate why Vālmīki chose a pair of Sārus Cranes, and not any other avian species, to epitomise grief and sorrow in the Rāmāyaṇa. This choice illustrates the importance of personal experience of the living reality (behaviour of Sārus Cranes); but the grief, śoka, as experienced by Vālmīki, became in later critical literature, the rasa of karuṇa, the aesthetic appreciation of grief, as suggested by Ānandavardhana and explained by Abhinavagupta. By emphasising the central importance of affective states (sthāyibhāvas) in life as well as in the arts (rasas) Vālmīki, Abhinavagupta and Ānandavardhana appear to have had a perception of the human condition that is consistent with recent developments in affective neuroscience; and thus it is the pitch and the tonal quality of the cries of grief that convey the depth and universality (sādhāraṇatva) of the emotion.


a'an Prefecture: Administrastion: 1 city and 7 counties. Area: 15,000 square kilometers. Population: over 1,400,000. Ya'an Prefecture produces tea, fruits, wild peppercorns, silkcacoon, traditional Chinese medicine as well as grains. Hydraulic power reserve amounts to 10 million kilowatts. Mineral resourses include: maganese, lead, zinc, troitite, mirabilite. The cutting and processing of marble and granite is among the advanced in the world. Yah'an enjoys developed infrastructural facilities. Ya'an Prefecture sincerely welcomes friends from this country and aboard to this land for investment and cooperation.


The Comamonadaceae bacterial strains OS-1 and OS-4 were isolated from pond water and were found to be highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide in the agar plates. Here, we report the nearly complete and complete genome sequences, respectively, of these two strains. ABSTRACT The Comamonadaceae bacterial strains OS-1 and OS-4 were isolated from pond water and were found to be highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide in the agar plates. Here, we report the nearly complete and complete genome sequences, respectively, of these two strains.


The Food and Drug Administration is about to give its opinion about the commercialization of AquAdvantage Salmon, a transgenic salmon for human consumption. The creation, in progress, of this market raises the question of operations necessary to define a new bio-legal entity and to ensure its viability in the marketplace. We experience here the conceptual framework designed by Javier Lezaun to analyze the factory of a new object of governance, extending however its use to the manufacture of a market. This article explores the acts of delimitation and demarcation of the entity ?transgenic salmon? necessary for its entry into the American legal architecture, but also the demarcation operations resulting from a growing tension between promoters of this project and civil society, all requiered for its potential commercialization in the US markets.


Activities of water for various binary and, in particural, ternary aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran were measured over the entire homogeneous mixing range up to a polymer weight fraction of 0.3 at 293.15, 313.15, and 333.15 K. The water activities were determined by vapor-pressure osmometry and, additionally, for dilute dextran solutions using membrane osmometry. The experimental data were evaluated using the osmotic virial equation


The need for knowledge of the longevity of parasite eggs and larvae when exposed to various environmental conditions is obvious. It is upon such knowledge that parasite control measures, especially range management and range rotation, are based. Comparatively little work on the viability of the eggs of A. lineata has been reported. The papers by Ackert and Cauthen (I93I) and Ackert (I93I) are the only ones known to the writer which deal with this problem. The experiments described in this paper were designed to confirm, if possible, and extend the work of these workers.


One of the most effective ways to encourage the use of new approaches like BIM consists on applying Project Based Learning (PBL). According to this methodology, teams might gain knowledge and skills by solving a realistic challenge, that is to say, they learn by doing. In this way, team members can experiment and investigate by themselves. BIM contests stands as one of the most encouraging PBL activities. This format has the additional advantage that all teamOne of the most effective ways to encourage the use of new approaches like BIM consists on applying Project Based Learning (PBL). According to this methodology, teams might gain knowledge and skills by solving a realistic challenge, that is to say, they learn by doing. In this way, team members can experiment and investigate by themselves. BIM contests stands as one of the most encouraging PBL activities. This format has the additional advantage that all teams work on the same problem, what eases the comparison of the results. In this sense, the analysis of the proposed Building Execution Plan (BEPs) provides useful insights about the know-how of the different designs. Despite the interest and usefullness of these results, no comparisons of similar BIM work flows have been carried out. To solve this gap, this paper analyzes, for the first time, the BEPs of the BIM projects presented in the different calls of the international contest BIM Valladolid. This analysis provides a useful insight about the most common software in each discipline. The evolution of the software of teams throughout time, as well as the information flows between the modeling and the structural analysis software of the proposals are also presenteds work on the same problem, what eases the comparison of the results. In this sense, the analysis of the proposed Building Execution Plan (BEPs) provides useful insights about the know-how of the different designs. Despite the interest and usefullness of these results, no comparisons of similar BIM work flows have been carried out. To solve this gap, this paper analyzes, for the first time, the BEPs of the BIM projects presented in the different calls of the international contest BIM Valladolid. This analysis provides a useful insight about the most common software in each discipline. The evolution of the software of teams throughout time, as well as the information flows between the modeling and the structural analysis software of the proposals are also presented


type="main"> We demonstrate that relatively high revenue growth prior to an initial public offering (IPO) is associated with high IPO prices and poor returns. In particular, low-growth IPO returns, −1% on a three-year annualized basis compared to −12% (equal-weighted) or −29% (value-weighted) for high-growth new issues. There is no evidence that the performance differentials reflect risk premia. Rather, low-growth firms' returns are more stable over time. Finally, while analysts' forecasts are upwardly biased for all firms, the magnitude of this bias is greatest for firms with rapid pre-IPO revenue growth. Overall, these results are consistent with the extrapolation errors model suggested by Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny (1994).


The soft type paradigm [Kra10; LP99] is an approach that views types in terms of their defining logical predicates, as opposed to the type-theoretic approach in which types are primary and logic follows after via the Curry-Howard isomorphism. In the soft type framework, a type T is defined by a predicate φT , and saying that a term t is of type T simply means that φT (t). This viewpoint corresponds more closely to the way mathematicians think about and use types, and provides a powerful extension to untyped formalisms, as well as formalisms with weaker type systems. Together with my advisor and collaborators I am working on developing soft type infrastructure for Isabelle. Among other things, this involves writing code to automate type inference, inference of implicit arguments and the derivation of additional type information. For the moment we focus on Isabelle/HOL, but also work as generally as possible in order to be able to support Isabelle/Pure later. Discussion is also currently ongoing with the developers of Isabelle in order to see how much soft type support we can incorporate into its native functionality.


The changes of the neurotransmitter (GABA) distribution in the brain stem of the rats by retroauricular galvanic stimulation were investigated using immunohistochemical method.Twenty-one rats were divided into two groups: the control group which received no galvanic stimulation, and the galvanically stimulated group which received anodal galvanic stimulation (unipolar monoauricular, 5mA in intensity, 500msec of duration, 1Hz in frequency) for 30 minutes. The specimens obtained as usual strict procedure for histological investigation were stained immunohistochemically using antisera against GABA.The results were as follows:1. In the control group, GABA-like immunoreactivity was observed in all four main vestibular nuclei. In the superior, medial, and descending vestibular nuclei GABA-like immunoreactivity was found in the small cells and the terminals. Giant cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus were surrounded by GABA immunoreactive terminals.2. In the galvanically stimulated group GABA-like immunoreactivity showed recognizable laterality in the lateral vestibular nucleus where GABA-like immunoreactivity surrounding giant cells showed more intensive on the side ipsilateral to the stimulation compared with the opposite side. On the other hand GABA-like immunoreactivity showed no laterality in the superior, medial, and descending vestibular nuclei.3. It can be concluded that the retroauricular galvanic stimulation cause some changes in the inhibitory activity of the lateral vestibulo-spinal tract and of the spinal motor neuron.


Some design pionts of emergency diesel generator system were analyzed,including room location,noise reduction,ventilation and exhaust system.At the same time,strategies were put forward based on engineering practices.This could provide significant references for the design of diesel generator system.


The paper presents a procedure for improving the feedback properties, including robustness, of a decentralised multivariable feedback system designed by a quadratic index optimisation methodology. The procedure allows the possibility of adding extra controllers which can be used to fine-tune the closed-loop behaviour of the nominal control system. Although attention is focused on the quadratic index methodology, the basic approach can be applied to adjust the design parameters of any decentralised design methods. The methodology and design procedure are illustrated by considering two numerical examples, including a 9th-order power system with a five-terminal DC network configuration.


Findings of studies on self‐appraisals conducted mainly in non‐educational settings indicate that self‐ratings are generously inflated, do not correlate with other sources, and show less reliability than ratings from counter‐positions. Reports on self‐appraisals in an educational setting using perceptions of teacher interns and their supervisors. Self – and supervisor appraisals were found to be significantly correlated, with self‐appraisals showing less leniency than corresponding supervisor appraisals. In addition, self‐appraisals were a better predictor of job satisfaction than supervisor appraisals.


Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectra of the cell walls of three species of fungi are reported for the first time, namely (i) Agaricus bisporus, a fruiting bud, (ii) Mortierella genus and (iii) Mucor genus. Some molecular assignments are proposed for the major vibrational features and attributed to chitin, N-acetylglucosamine and (R)-glucan. Preliminary studies indicate that it is possible to use FT-Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between different mixed species in culture media.


Smart models are responsible for solving complex problems within the routines of people and companies. The complexity of their structures can be defined by the methodologies used in the definition of parameters or architecture of their models. In three-layer fuzzy neural networks, the number of neurons is determined by fuzzification techniques capable of creating elements based on the data submitted to the training of the intelligent structures. The choice of the fuzzification method can make the model architecture complex and with many parameters. To create a more compact fuzzy neural network architecture, this paper presents a new fuzzy approach for fuzzy neural networks based on Bayesian clustering. This technique expands the training capabilities of the fuzzy c-means algorithm by adding to its methods the nature of the particle filter inference technique to estimate the model parameters including the number of clusters, making the approach more straightforward and less dependent on settings for the construction of the neural network fuzzy. The other layers of the model use fuzzy logical neurons capable of creating IF / THEN rules and use the extreme learning machine to update parameters. The proposed new model was submitted to linear and nonlinear regression databases to confirm that the proposed model can act as a universal approximation of functions. The results presented were promising about the ability to identify patterns within bases in complex problems.


Matched field processing is a developing technique for localizing underwater acoustic sources and inverting measured acoustic fields for ocean waveguide properties. Considerable successes have been reported using this technique in deep water and, in the recent past, the technique has shown promise for localizing acoustic sources in shallow water. This paper describes an experiment conducted in the shallow water of the Western Bank near Sable Island on the eastern Canadian continental shelf. The experiment involved examining the localization performance of a small vertical array consisting of only four hydrophones and spanning approximately one-third of the water column against a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio source in a weakly range-dependent environment. In this experiment, the source emitted a series of low-frequency tones that were detectable by Fourier analysis of the received time-series. By estimating the phase of the received signal as a function of time, it was possible to estimate the relative change in the target range during an interval. Using a modified Bartlett matched field processor, the phase information was incorporated to estimate the true target range and depth during the same interval. The results of this experiment indicate that matched field localization can be dramatically improved by incorporating auxiliary information, such as the estimated signal phase history. In this case, the performance of the vertical receiving array approximates the expected performance of a planar array with the same vertical dimension as the actual receiver and a horizontal dimension controlled by the duration of the interval during which the phase history is estimated.


Machine Translation (MT) is an automated way of transforming one language text into another language text without human efforts. MT research has been conducted for over more than 65 years, but it is still considered a tough task. MT is used as communication technology for text conversion of different scripts. A highly automated MT system is extremely difficult to construct. There are several approaches to MT systems, including rule-based, corpus-based, and hybrid-based approaches. Each approach has its advantages and limitations. In this paper, a study of diverse MT systems for Punjabi language is conducted. The researchers have used different techniques to develop an MT system that contains Punjabi as the source or target language. To evaluate the MT system, both manual and automated techniques were used. This paper also discusses the accuracy of different MT systems.


The purpose of this study is to identify the materials flow of aluminum cans from its production, manufacturing, distribution, consumption to its discarding, while finding problems in the materials flow diagram in carrying out recycling, and to present improvement measures for relevant systems and policies. Through various statistics, it was found that the actual amount of aluminum ingots distributed in Korea is 1,808,597 tons. From this 381,802 tons of aluminum plates were used for domestic uses, 75,070 tons were used to produce cans, and it was found that 50,073 tons of can products were produced and distributed in Korea. The 50,073 tons of wastes for separate collection was 96% and recycling was 76% for a total of 38,297 tons for recycling. Upon examining the recycling path, it was found that can-to-can was 35% equivalent to 13,403 tons, while 14,100 tons were melted for alloys and 10,794 tons were used as deoxidizing agents for blast furnaces. According to such studies, a materials flow diagram was drafted and the problems in recycling for each stage were reviewed. In result, plans to improve packaging materials and structures in the production stage, plans to restrict inclusion of foreign particles in the discard and selection stage, plans to provide different support in funding and granting quality ratings in the sorting and compression stages, and plans to apply as recycling designated business systems for high-value recycling in the resourcing stage were proposed.


We provide a systematic way of constructing entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes via graph states in the scenario of preexisting perfectly protected qubits. It turns out that the preexisting entanglement can help beat the quantum Hamming bound and can enhance (not only behave as an assistance) the performance of the quantum error correction. Furthermore we generalize the error models to the case of not-so-perfectly-protected qubits and introduce the quantity infidelity as a figure of merit and show that our code outperforms also the ordinary quantum error-correcting codes.


This study discusses a multi-year effort to evaluate the utility of computed tomography at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) as a tool for non-destructive evaluation of uranium based fuel rods. The majority of the data presented is on mock material made with depleted uranium which mimics the x-ray attenuation characteristics of fuel rods while allowing for simpler handling. A range of data is presented including full thickness (5mm diameter) fuel rodlets, reduced thickness (1.8mm) sintering test samples, and pre/post irradiation samples (< 1mm thick). These data were taken on both a white beam (bending magnet) beamline and a high energy, monochromatic beamline. This data shows the utility of a synchrotron type source in the evealuation of manufacturing defects (pre-irradiation) and lays out the case for in situ CT of fuel pellet sintering. Finally, in addition data is shown from small post-irradiation samples and a case is made for post-irradiation CT of larger samples.


In each stage of design and engineering processes myriad decisions are made, each influencing a large number of other processes. Often, these decisions are made implicit; if however, decision processes are more structured and transparent, a better support of product developers can be realised. In order to achieve this, also a more structured way to value different aspects in product development is required. Consequently, the assessment methods and the comparison of these methods require additional attention. Based on cost assessment, the corresponding working methods are shown. Additionally, these working methods are generalised for usage in other (life cycle) assessment methods.


Newly matriculating MBAs, recent MBA graduates, and MBA alumni were surveyed with respect to program and curriculum issues and opinions concerning nine skills deemed to be critical for graduate business education. At the time of matriculation, MBA students were surveyed concerning how important the skills were to them. The students were also surveyed immediately after graduation, and asked how successful the program had been in developing these skills. The final analysis group was MBA alumni who were asked to identify the most improved and most important skills. Between-group comparisons of results concerning these nine skills will be presented along with other results reflecting evaluations of program attributes.


In the previous study, the authors proposed the generalized characteristic interface conditions (GCIC) for high-order finite difference multiblock computation on structured grids. The GCIC can realize non-overlapped connection between adjacent sub-domains (blocks) and allows metric discontinuities on the interface boundary, however, the grid lines must be continuous on the interface. In this study, in order to enhance the flexibility of the GCIC, by incorporating the high-order interpolation method such as the Lagrange or B-spline interpolation, the GCIC+I (GCIC with interpolation) are newly developed and proposed. The GCIC+I can realize discontinuous grid line connection on the interface boundary, and the grid spatial resolution can be arbitrarily changed in each sub-domain. In this article, their theoretical concept is briefly presented, and suitable numerical test analysis is conducted in order to validate the proposed theory. As a result, successful functions of the GCIC+I are confirmed.


Based on detailed 2D and 3D numerical radiation hydrodynamicscalculations of time-dependent compressible convection, we have studiedthe dynamics and thermal structure of the convective surface layers of aprototypical late-type M-dwarf at Teff=2800 K, and log g=5.0with solar chemical composition. The thermal structure of the atmosphereis dominated by molecular absorption, the formation of dust grains isnot important for the chosen model parameters. In the multi dimensionalmodels the radiative transfer is treated by a multi-group (4 groups)approach which provides a simplified, nevertheless rather realistictreatment of the complex radiative energy transport. The equation ofstate includes the important contribution of H2 moleculeformation. Our models predict a convective pattern at the surface of anlate M-dwarf qualitatively similar to solar granulation. Quantitatively,the convective turn-over timescale amounts to a 100 s, a typicalhorizontal scale of convective cells to 80 km, and a relative intensitycontrast of the granular pattern to 1.1 %. The efficiency of convectiveenergy transport corresponds to an effective mixing-length parameterbetween 1.5 to 2.1 depending on the thermal property which isrepresented. The models provide mixing timescales due to atmosphericovershoot which can be extrapolated to lower effective temperatureswhere dust grains are present and mixed into optically thin layers. (Less)


Abstract This study is to identify the most important control elements that will result in improve the tensile strength of Laser Beam Welded Cu-Ni 90/10 alloy joints. The different laser welding process parameters and levels were used for joining of Cu-Ni alloy. The process parameters like Laser Power (LP), Shielding Gas (argon) (SG), Focal Position (FP), & Welding Speed (WS) were chosen in the experimental study. The welding was carried on 4mm thick plate as per Taguchi's experimental design. The mechanical properties were evaluated and microstructural observations were carried out. It was discovered that highest tensile strength of 234 MPa & hardness of 83 Hv were obtained which has 90 % and 87 % of the base material. The most influential optimal process parameters were determined using S/N analysis and the percentage contribution of each process parameter was estimated using ANOVA. It was found that laser power was influential parameter with a 64 % contribution in obtaining highest strength of laser welded joints. The experimental values and the results of the confirmation experiments were in good agreement.


The ministry of land and resources associate with other four ministries issued the measure of mineral resources reserves assessment-cognizance in 1999,which established reserves assessment-cognizance system ultimately.In this paper,the relationship among attendees in the system is analyzed according to the Measure,and the principal-agent theory is used to design optimally for the incentive mechanism of common principal-agent relationship.Moreover,the promotion of the principal-agent relationship in mineral resources reserves assessment-cognizance system is analyzed,which provide implication to perfect mineral resources assessment-cognizance system.


We report in this paper about a new data set available for tornado research. The data set features a mapping of tornadoes in the Storm Prediction Center's (SPC) national archive on to census tracts. The SPC archive currently reports the county (or counties) in the path of each storm so analysis of tornado casualties and damages can employ only county level economic and demographic variables. Many counties are quite large (1000 square miles or more), so county level variables may not the storm path. Census tracts offer greater geographic resolution and thus more accurate depiction of the population density or housing characteristics of the storm path. The greater precision of census tract based variables should improve tornado casualty models. We describe the data set and the census tract level economic and demographic variables available for analysis. We illustrate the potential use of the data set by estimating tornado casualty models for Kansas, Nebraska and Oklahoma between 1990 and 1998 using multiple regression and variables constructed from county and census tract storm paths. The results indicate an improvement in the predictive power of the injury model using census tract level variables.


New configurations for high-power and high-performance motor drives suitable for steel rolling mills are presented. Three-level inverters, using 6 inch GTOs, can deliver 10,000 kVA output. In the case of drives rated more than several thousands kW, this capacity is still insufficient. Usually, for such drives, two three-level inverters have been combined using bulky, expensive inter-phase reactors. To solve these problems, a new configuration using wound-rotor induction motors and two inverters, is proposed. In this configuration, the outputs of the two inverters are combined directly within the machine. The novel features that can thus be obtained are explained.


The presented research project is inserted in the energy management field, focusing the attention on the electric power recovery during the train operation in the subway transportation systems, in order to use part of the energy coming from the vehicles during the many braking phases that characterize the vehicle operating cycle. The goal of this research is to find out the best suitable solution in order to exploit the maximum energy available, by deepening the field of the new energy storage technologies, such as the super capacitors, already in development phase in some industrialized countries.


The temperature and flow of circular cooler thermal exhaust are two of the most important parameters in the design of waste heat power generation system.Through the thermal measurement under normal production conditions about the two 190m2 circular coolers,No.1 and No.2 of north zone of ironworks,Tangshan Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,the two methods including direct test and heat balance were used for data calculation and comparative analysis.The analysis shows that there is a serious problem of air leakage and high exhaust temperature on No.2 circular cooler,and the test data of No.1 circular cooler match with the heat balance calculation results on the whole.Finally,based on the tested results and analysis of No.1 circular cooler,the thermal exhaust parameters of HRSG including single inlet and dual inlets were separately determined.


The transition from high school to college is a major life event for many students and can be a difficult adjustment (American College Health Association, 2019). The American College Health Association (ACHA; 2019) found that stress was the leading factor affecting academic performance, endorsed by 36.5% of undergraduate students surveyed, followed by anxiety (29.5%), sleep difficulties (24.3%), and depression (21.6%). Similarly, Beiter et al. (2015) found that depression, anxiety, and stress levels were all positively correlated with life concerns such as academic performance, pressure to succeed, post-graduation plans, financial concerns, quality of sleep, relationships with friends, relationship with family, overall health, body image, and self-esteem. The ACHA reported that college students endorsed the following factors as being difficult or traumatic to handle: academics (52.7%), career-related issues (29.0%), family problems (33.9%), intimate relationship (33.1%), and finances (37.8%). This all suggests that stress, anxiety, and depression related to multiple domains of life (i.e., academics, social, and personal) negatively affect the lives of college students. One factor that has been found to be associated with a range of positive psychosocial outcomes, ABSTRACT. The transition from high school to college can be a difficult adjustment for many students. Self-compassion, however, has been found to be associated with a range of positive psychosocial outcomes, and may also be associated with college adjustment. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and overall college adjustment. Fifty-seven female college students (M = 19.20 years, SD = 1.05) recruited from psychology classes participated in the study. Students completed the Self-Compassion Scale and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire and responded to open-ended questions about their adjustment to college. Pearson's correlations revealed significant linear associations between total self-compassion and overall college adjustment, r(57) = .28, p = .04, and between various subscales of self-compassion and college adjustment. Multiple regression analysis found that first-generation and commuter student status significantly predicted mindfulness, measured as a component of self-compassion, F(3, 52) = 3.47, p = .02, R2 = .17. Finally, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for student group status, higher levels of self-compassion were significantly associated with higher college adjustment scores, F(4,51) = 3.18, p = .02, R 2 = .20. Analysis of the open-ended questions revealed 3 overarching themes regarding students' beliefs about college adjustment: (a) the importance of friends, (b) the importance of parental support, and (c) the importance of self-kindness. Overall, this study contributed to the understanding of college adjustment by looking at the role of self-compassion. Preliminary considerations for interventions and resources aimed at promoting self-compassion and improving college adjustment are discussed.


The aim of this study was to compare the rate of coronal microleakage of three different temporary restorative materials. Sixty three, human third molars, extracted under therapeutic indication, were used. The samples were cleaned and coronal standardized access cavities were prepared. The samples were divided into thee groups (n=21) and restored using the temporary restorative materials to be tested: group 1 IRM, group 2 Cavit, and group 3 Coltosol.


This paper presents a lecture, "Introduction to Engineering" , as a step for the first year of an engineering education program on Yatsushiro National College of Technology. The purpose of the lecture is to motivate students in terms of the variety of engineering work and how such work is related to humans' lives, and to educate students regarding the history of engineering. In this pursuit, students receive lectures in an omnibus from a plurality of teachers from a plurality of departments. This thesis introduces a characteristic and contents these lectures and their effect as measured by questionnaires filled out by students.


A silicon-based piezoresistive pressure sensor that is mechanically decoupled from the housing is presented. The chip is mounted via an intermediate with bellow structures to the housing. Various forms and arrangements of bellow structures and their influence on the mechanical decoupling of the chip are observed. The advantages and disadvantages of the individual structures and setups are compared by means of finite-element-method simulations and metrological characterizations of the structures realized. The investigations show that assembly-induced stresses in the area of the piezoresistors can be reduced up to 99%.<<ETX>>


Ten years after the Mexican moratorium the debt crisis changed. In 1982 it was a world crisis, as it threatened the major commercial banks in the First Word, today it is limited to the highly indebted countries, particularly in Latin America. Through out the 1980s it was marked by high interest rates and rationed international liquidity, in the 1990s low interest rates prevail in the North, while the supply of loanable funds to the highly indebted countries, including the ones that did not negotiate their debts, explodes, perversely attracted by high local interest rates that the debt left as a heritage. Up to 1989 the debt crisis was viewed by the elites and governments in the creditor countries as a unsolved problem; today the crisis is basically assumed to have been adequately addressed by the Brady Plan, although the economic performance in the highly indebted countries remains essentially unsatisfactory with the exception of the countries benefited by a new flow of international funds.


Temporal variance in population density V is very generally related to mean density x by the power function, V = ax(b), with the value of b typically ranging from 1 to above 2 in different sets of data. We describe three simple Population dynamic models which are capable of generating variance-mean relationships with the observed range of b values. In the first model, the level of density dependence is correlated with mean density. This model is rejected because we find no relationship between the incidence of significant density dependence and mean density in data for moths and aphids. In the two other models, the level of environmental stochasticity in population change is correlated with mean density, affecting either the intrinsic (density-independent) growth rate or the equilibrium density (density dependence). Only the former model is capable of generating both positive and negative relationships between temporal variability in population size and density dependence. A positive relationship is predicted for species with high intrinsic growth rate, which may generate complex dynamics and thereby add to population variability. Aphids have higher intrinsic growth rates than moths, and as predicted, the relationship between population variability and density dependence is positive in aphids but negative in moths.


This paper presents a real-time, false-pick filter based on deep learning to reduce false alarms of an onsite Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system. EEW systems use P-wave to predict S-wave. Therefore, it is essential to properly distinguish P-waves from noises or other seismic phases to avoid false alarms. To reduce false-picks causing false alarms, this study made the EEWNet Part 1 'False-Pick Filter' model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Specifically, it modified the Pick_FP (Lomax et al.) to generate input data such as the amplitude, velocity, and displacement of three components from 2 seconds ahead and 2 seconds after the P-wave arrival following one-second time steps. This model extracts log-mel power spectrum features from this input data, then classifies P-waves and others using these features. The dataset consisted of 3,189,583 samples: 81,394 samples from event data (727 events in the Korean Peninsula, 103 teleseismic events, and 1,734 events in Taiwan) and 3,108,189 samples from continuous data (recorded by seismic stations in South Korea for 27 months from 2018 to 2020). This model was trained with 1,826,357 samples through balancing, then tested on continuous data samples of the year 2019, filtering more than 99% of strong false-picks that could trigger false alarms. This model was developed as a module for USGS Earthworm and is written in C language to operate with minimal computing resources.


Mr.Cai Yuanpei is a well-known bourgeois revolutionist and democratic educationist,and his educational thought is profound,while thoughts on female education is an important aspect of his educational thoughts.A study on his views on female education from a feminist perspective can offer some new reference to the development of modern women's education.


High auto ownership rates and low population densities have resulted in large-scale elimination of public transit systems in small towns. This trend exacerbates the mobility problem of the transportation-disadvantaged: the poor, the elderly, the handicapped, and the young. Lumberton, North Carolina, is typical of the transportation situation of towns with a population of less than 25,000. Located along an important Interstate Highway, the town has attracted industries that offer jobs within a few miles of the town. yet, unemployment rates are high among the carless, predominatly Black population of Lumberton. A group of concerned citizens from the transportation-disadvantaged community tried to organize a bus company. The company went bankrupt within 2 months. The Transportation Institute of North Carolina Argicultural and Technical State University performed an economic autopsy and drew up a proposal for an innovative transit program designed to minimize cost and give service specifically to the transportation-disadvantaged. The success of the program depends on the willingness of the City Council to underwrite approximately $30,000 of operating deficit yearly. The authors suggest that in the case of a low-wage area such as Lumberton the major costs are those of overhead, namely management, and the necessary backup system of extra buses and a maintenance crew. The authors propose that towns such as Lumberton join into a transit consortium with nearby communities and make a joint application for funding from the capital grants program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. /Author/


Objective: To elucidate genetic heterogeneity in ulcero-mutilating neuropathy. Background: Ulcero-mutilating features and sensory loss have been observed in hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). HSN is characterized by marked distal sensory loss, frequent toe and foot ulcerations, osteomyelitis, and necrosis, which may be complicated by toe or limb amputations. Motor and autonomic nerve involvement can also occur to a variable degree. Recently, autosomal-dominant HSN type I was mapped to chromosome 9q22 in four families. In two other families with ulcero-mutilating neuropathy, a gene locus was assigned to chromosome 3q13-q22. Because motor symptoms were prominent in these latter two kinships, the disease was designated HMSN type IIB or Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) neuropathy. Methods: We report detailed clinical, electrophysiologic, and genetic data on a large Austrian family with ulcero-mutilating neuropathy, sensory loss, and amputations. Results: Linkage analysis with chromosomal markers representing the HSN I and HMSN IIB loci excluded these gene loci in our family. Conclusions: These findings therefore indicate the existence of a third gene locus in autosomal-dominant inherited ulcero-mutilating neuropathies, showing that these neuropathies are genetically highly heterogeneous.


We present path splicing, a primitive that constructs network paths from multiple independent routing processes that run over a single network topology. The routing processes compute distinct routing trees using randomly perturbed link weights. A few additional bits in packet headers give end systems access to a large number of paths. By changing these bits, nodes can redirect traffic without detailed knowledge of network paths. Assembling paths by "splicing" segments can yield up to an exponential improvement in path diversity for only a linear increase in storage and message complexity. We present randomized approaches for slice construction and failure recovery that achieve nearoptimal performance and are extremely simple to configure. Our evaluation of path splicing on realistic ISP topologies demonstrates a dramatic increase in reliability that approaches the best possible using only a small number of slices and for only a small increase in latency.


Using the evolution of "wooden barrel law" in management science, sports films can be transplanted and developed in theory. The study believes that how to reasonably use the barrel law requires us not only to understand the short board in the barrel law, but also to understand the origin of the barrel law. Not only should we understand the harm of barrel law, but we also need to know how to find short boards, mending boards and removing boards. Not only do we need to know how to lengthen the short boards in the wooden barrel, but we also need to notice whether the boards are tightly joined. The study concluded that the evolution of diameter, shape, usage and coordination, dynamic evolution, usage evolution, thickness evolution and bottom area evolution can provide a good theoretical dimension for the development of sports films. Nationalization, culture and marketization are practical explorations of this evolution and application.


The invention discloses a transflective liquid crystal display device. The device comprises a transflective liquid crystal display panel (10) and a backlight module (20), wherein the liquid crystal display panel (10) comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12) and a liquid crystal layer (13); a transflective layer (14) consisting of a metal layer reflection region (141) and a pixel electrode radiolucent region (142) is arranged on the inner side of the second substrate (12); the backlight module (20) is positioned under the second substrate (12); a reflection layer (30) is arranged on the backlight module (20) and positioned between the backlight module (20) and the liquid crystal display panel (10); and the position of the reflection layer (30) on the backlight module (20) is in accordance with that on the metal layer reflection region (14). According to the transflective liquid crystal display device, compared with the conventional reflection layer setting mode, the loss of backlight can be reduced by 50 percent, the utilization rate of the backlight is improved, and the display brightness is increased.


"El Camino del Guerrero" was made with the intention of giving importance to the rock that have the recognition of only a few in Colombia. To make known those voices and rock souls in the country that have valuable testimonies and especially fundamental knowledge of the genre. You can also see, despite its difficulties, rock still lives in the spirit of some people passionate about this genre such as Julian Roa, a young musician who walks, learns and reflects through this documentary. A character who wants to believe in this utopian idea of rock, but it will be difficult on the road while listening to people who have already lived.


Despite the societal benefits multi-sector innovations provide, researchers' understanding of the stakeholder issues surrounding them is limited. This study utilizes an inductive, theory-building approach to identify the means through which firms introducing multi-sector innovations can actively shape relationships between public stakeholders in order to better ensure innovation success. Individual, organizational, structural, and attitudinal antecedents emerged from an analysis of published documents detailing multi-sector innovations over a 2-year span. These antecedents are integrated with existing literature to produce a conceptual model and accompanying propositions. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, and future research directions provided.


Agenda-setting research is vigorously pursued within the general field of communication research. Despite this, the agenda-setting model continues to be criticized on methodological grounds. Some of the criticisms arise out of the field's heavy reliance on quantitative methods. This article argues that qualitative methods can be used to counter some of these criticisms. This is done using research on media coverage of the environment in the West African country of Ghana. Environmental issues have featured prominently in research aimed at proving that the media do indeed influence the public agenda. However, even within this subarea of agenda-setting research, there is no agreement on the agenda-setting effects of the media. This study adopted qualitative methods and found that the media indeed influenced the environmental agenda of the public. The qualitative approach helped to avoid some of the criticisms levelled against traditional agenda-setting methodology.


Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectra are now widely used to provide a rapid, inexpensive assessment of dissolved organic matter quality. Yet little is known about the molecules that track these fluorophores in the environment. Here we present patterns of correlations between fluorescent components and the thousands of dissolved organic molecular formulas resolved by Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry from a suite of boreal river samples. The mass spectral peaks correlating with specific fluorophores have distinct, organized elemental stoichiometries. For instance, the group or cohort of molecular peaks correlating with protein-like fluorophores was enriched in nitrogen, whereas the cohort correlating with humic-like fluorescence was overwhelmingly comprised of CHO-only molecules. Not all mass spectral peaks correlating with a fluorophore were fluorescent, i.e. not all were aromatic, indicating that EEM peaks also track molecules beyond the fluorescent DOM pool. Therefore the correlations between mass spectral and fluorescent peaks are presumably driven by similarities in the sources and sinks of the molecular peaks that track a specific fluorophore in the environment.


It is common practice in corporate valuation with discounted cash flow models to refer to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to estimate the rate of return required by investors. However, based on empirical studies of the US stock market, primarily Ibbotson and Morningstar (2008) and Grabowski and King (2008), there is growing debate in Germany about whether to adjust the discount rate by adding a size premium for smaller companies, as valuation advisors already partially do in the US and several other countries. Since a relatively small size premium leads to an enormous collapse in value, the discussion of whether to adjust for size is all but negligible. Finding contradicting empirical results for the German stock market between 1995 and 2008, this paper questions the size adjustment in corporate valuation. However, it is not just empirical evidence that casts doubt on size premiums. There are also conceptual aspects that conflict with adjusting the CAPM through simply adding an additional risk premium. This paper tries to give a more comprehensive but critical view on corporate valuation with respect to size.


Northern Australian pest management is a moving feast for the Grain/Pulse industries. Key challenges include changing pest behaviour, the southward movement of some pests, changing agronomic practices, and the risk of insecticide resistance in new IPM compatible insecticides. Changed pest behaviour includes lucerne seed web moth (Etiella behrii) attacking vegetative soybeans and its increased incidence in podding mungbeans and soybeans. Changing pest distribution is illustrated by soybean stem fly (Melanagromyza sojae), previously a tropical pest in Australia, with major recent outbreaks in the Northern Rivers region of NSW. Confounding the impact assessment of this pest were concurrent outbreaks of plant pathogens such as charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), which produces sudden death plant symptoms often attributed to stem fly. Changed agronomic practices impacting on pest management include zero till cultivation and the move to narrow row spacing (< 50 cm) to boost yield. Zero till greatly increases the overwintering survival of lucerne crown borer (Zygrita diva), a stem boring beetle in soybeans that overwinters in soybean stubble, and the black soil scarab (Othnonius batseii), which is becoming a major issue in maize and sorghum crops. Narrow rows have implications for pest sampling, with potentially greater pest count variability. Lastly, the high effectiveness of new group 28 caterpillar insecticides threatens their overuse and the subsequent development of resistance in their key target, the corn earworm Helicoverpa armigera. This paper outlines the latest research that is addressing the above issues, and also identifies research gaps, including areas where international collaboration would benefit.


The motivation for the application of Al/Mg compounds is to achieve significant progress towards lightweight structures. However, they are not used frequently because of the high corrosion susceptibility of magnesium. For this reason, knowledge of the corrosion behavior and the protection against corrosion are essential for the safe use in the component. This article contains results concerning the corrosion characteristics of the unprotected and the plasma‐electrolytically anodized Al/Mg compound. At the same time, the usefulness of microelectrochemical corrosion studies is demonstrated, given that it is possible to check coatings with regard to their permeability due to the high sensitivity of this method. It was found that the coating significantly enhances the corrosion resistance.


Four Nitraria communities(N.tangutorum,N.sphaerocarpa,N.roborowskii and N.sibirica) in northeastern Ulanbuh Desert were surveyed with the quadrate.The plant diversity characteristics of the communities and the shrub layers and the herb layers were measured by applying the richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou evenness index,Alatalo evenness index for α-diversity and Whittaker index,Community Dissimilarity index,Jaccard index,Bray-Curtis index for β-diversity.These indices could effectively reveal the difference of species formation and habitat of different plant communities of same genus in arid sand area.The species richness index of herb layer is evidently bigger than the shrub layer in four Nitraria communities.The richness index of N.tangutorum is minimum,and Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index and two evenness indices of N.sphaerocarpa are maximum.The Whittaker index of N.tangutorum community is bigger than the other three Nitraria communities.The minimum Community Dissimilarity index and maximum Jaccard index of the community and the shrub layer and herb layer exist between N.sphaerocarpa and N.roborowskii.And the Community Dissimilarity index of the community and the shrub layer and herb layer between N.sibirica and the other three Nitraria spp.is bigger than the others,and the Jaccard index is lesser.But the Bray-Curtis index measured by numerical data is partly different with the above.The α-diversity indices measured by cover data and β-diversity indices measured by relative cover data could reasonably show thee plant diversity characteristics of different species of same genus Nitraria L.


A. Circle sentence or sentence fragment for each group of words. 1. Last year, Felicia visited the desert. sentence sentence fragment 2. She recorded her feelings in a journal. sentence sentence fragment 3. A list of desert plants. sentence sentence fragment 4. There were many kinds of cactuses. sentence sentence fragment 5. Felicia liked one called the prickly pear. sentence sentence fragment 6. Beautiful blooms on some of the cactuses. sentence sentence fragment 7. No leaves on most of the cactuses. sentence sentence fragment 8. Wrote down the desert animals. sentence sentence fragment 9. Drew sketches of some of the animals. sentence sentence fragment 10. Her journal helps her remember the trip. sentence sentence fragment


This article focuses on public policies and programs as a major component of the "public sphere," and argues that qualitative inquiry can make uniquely valuable contributions to their development and evaluation. These contributions include understanding (a) how people interpret and respond to such policies, (b) contextual variability and its effects on the implementation and consequences of these policies, and (c) the processes through which policies achieve their results. The movement for "evidence-based" policy and practice has largely ignored these issues, but they are critical for developing policies that actually achieve their goals and avoid unintended and damaging consequences.


'Sticky cotton' causes substantial economic loss in central Africa. The phenomenon is the result of honeydew excreted by sapsucking insects, mainly the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover. The chemical protection currently available to farmers does not limit this type of damage effectively. From exhaustive counting of infested leaves and quantitative measurement of stickiness with a thermodetector, a positive relationship can be established between the seriousness of fibre stickiness and aphid outbreaks at the end of the season. A control method involving the topping of plants after boll opening reduces the number of leaves on which aphids feed and thus the abundance of the aphids.


Objective: To investigate the expression of Livin protein and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) protein in the bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC), and their correlation thereof. Methods:The expression levels of Livin and Smac proteins were assessed in 42 tissue samples of BTCC and 18 samples of adjacent normal mucosa by SABC immunohistochemistry, and their relationships with clinical pathological features were analyzed. Results: The positive expression rates of Livin and Smac proteins in BTCC were 73.8% (31/42) and 28.6% (12/42), while they were 0 and 77.8% (14/18) in 18 samples of adjacent normal mucosa. The differences in expressions of Livin and Smac proteins were significant between BTCC and adjacent normal mucosa (P 0.01). There were significant differences in expressions of Livin and Smac proteins between patients with and without recurrence (P 0.05). There were no significant differences between gender, age, histological grades, clinical stages, the number of tumors and expressions of Livin and Smac proteins in BTCC. There was a negative correlation between the expression levels of Livin proteins and Smac proteins in BTCC (rs = -0.462, P 0.05). Conclusion: The relatively higher expression of Livin protein and the lower or not expression of Smac protein may lead to the occurrence and recurrence of the BTCC, and both maybe play an important role in the cell apoptosis of the BTCC.


(1) Disturbing reports of cancers linked to topical application of tacrolimus or pimecrolimus have been published. Some involved children. Animal studies had already shown a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of lymphoma in mice and monkeys. (2) In practice, it is better to avoid topical application of these immunosuppressants, which have a negative risk-benefit balance.


Aim:To investigate the abnormality of p16 gene and its products in adult acute leukemia (AL) and to define its value. Methods:Bone marrow DNA obtained from 71 adults with AL(28 ALL and 43 AML) were studied with mul tiple comparative polymerase chain reaction and a restriction enzymes-PCR to detect the homozygous deletion and methyla-tion of p16 gene respectively. Hybridization in situ method and immunochemistry method were used to detect p16 mRNA and P16 protein respectively. Results: Homozygous loss of p16 gene was detected in 2 cases of B-ALL, and methylation was detected in 14 cases out of the other 69 cases without homozygous deletion of p16, which were 5 of 26 ALL and 9 of 43 AML. The ratio of positive expression of p16 mRNA and P16 protein were 70.4% (50/71 ) and 61. 9% (44/71 ) respectively. Conclusion:Methylation of p16 gene may play a more important role than homozygous deletion of p16 in the leukemogene-sis and progression of adult acute leukemia.


The question of the role that religion – or more specifically theology – plays in driving or even 'causing' sectarianism is a challenging one, not least because it enters into the tricky territory ...


NAND Flash memory-based Solid-State Disks (SSDs) are becoming popular as the storage media in domains ranging from mobile laptops to enterprise-scale storage systems due to a number of benefits (e.g., lighter weights, faster access times, lower power consumption, higher resistance to vibrations) they offer over the conventionally popular Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). While a number of well-regarded simulation environments exist for HDDs, the same is not yet true for SSDs. This is due to SSDs having been in the storage market for relatively less time as well as the lack of information (hardware configuration and software methods) about state-of-the-art SSDs that is publicly available. We describe the design and implementation of FlashSim, a simulator aimed at filling this void in performance evaluation of emerging storage systems that employ SSDs. FlashSim is an event-driven simulator that follows the objected oriented programming paradigm for modularity. We have validated the performance of FlashSim against a number of commercial SSDs for behavioral similarity. We have also used FlashSim to compare the performance of SSD devices employing different Flash Translation Layer (FTL) schemes, and analyzed the energy consumption of different FTL schemes in the SSD. FlashSim has been written to be inter-operable with the well-regarded DiskSim simulator, thus enabling the simulation of a variety of "hybrid" storage systems employing combinations of SSDs and HDDs. Given the current interest in such hybrid systems as opposed to systems with SSDs replacing HDDs (due to higher price), we believe this to be an especially useful feature of FlashSim. We have made FlashSim freely available for download with the hope that it would be of use to researchers exploring the design of SSD-based systems.


The utility model discloses an adjustable positioning key for assembling and positioning a mechanical equipment body and the base of the mechanical equipment. The positioning key comprises an L-shaped key body and two key boards, wherein the two key boards are respectively fixed on two sides of the L-shaped key body. The positioning key can be used on an arbitrary power mechanical equipment, and the adjustable positioning key is provided to positioning of the power mechanical equipment body and the base, so that the equipment assembly can be positioned more conveniently, and time and labor can be better saved.


Medical Image Analysis is an ongoing field of research nowadays. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the major diseases being workaround using different techniques of image analysis. Advanced stage of DR is commonly treated with laser at the present time which is a major tool to safe further vision loss which leaves marks on the surface of the retina. We present an automated system for detection of laser marks from colored retinal images to facilitate automated diagnosis of retinal diseases. The proposed system performs preprocessing on the image in order to extract all possible candidate laser mark regions. This is followed by a post processing stage to remove false pixels from candidate regions. The method extracts a number of features for proper representation of all candidate regions. These extracted features are used to facilitate the later classification stage for accurate detection of laser marks from all candidate regions. The validity of a proposed system is performed on a locally gathered retinal image database and results show the significance of proposed system.


Abstract We report the observed systematic differences in longitudinal magnetic field values, obtained from measurements of metal lines and the core of the Hβ line for a number of Ap stars, having strong global magnetic fields. In overwhelming majority of cases the magnetic field values, obtained from measurements of hydrogen lines cores, is smaller then the ones obtained from metal lines. We discuss some possible explanations of this effect, the most probable of which is the existence of the gradient of the magnetic field in stellar atmospheres.


In this work we introduce nancial models based on the evolution of prices of futures contracts. We explore conditions under which these models are free of arbitrage and complete, and therefore are useful for pricing contingent claims with payo s that are measurable with respect to the information provided by the future contracts. In cases where the contracts are futures on interest rates, the models provide an alternative way of studying the evolution of the term structure of interest rates, in a setup which is similar to the HJM framework. One di erence, however, is the possibility of de ning models where the state of the futures curve is determined by a low-dimensional vector-valued process. We study the theoretical feasibility of using future models for nancial modeling. In particular, we explore whether information about the distribution of the quadratic variation of the future prices is enough to determine the distribution of the future prices. This is equivalent to studying the possibility of extending L evy's theorem of characterization of Brownian Motion. In particular, we pose the question of whether two martingales with di erent laws may have quadratic variations with equal laws. We give answers to this question for two classes of continuous martingales: martingales with divergent and absolutely continuous quadratic variation, and martingales which are weak solutions to driftless Stochastic Di erential Equations in which the volatility depends only on the martingale itself. In the rst case, we conclude that martingales with di erent laws may have quadratic variations with equal laws. In the second case, we nd that two elements of this class of martingales that have quadratic variations with equal distributions must have the same law, modulo re ection.


The Capacity Enhancement Function (CEF) sits within the Airspace Network & Capacity section of the ATM Centre of Expertise. It provides a single focal point of coordination for all capacity-related issues, both within the EUROCONTROL Agency and for external stakeholders. The Capacity Enhancement Function acts as a catalyst for establishing and progressing cohesive and timely capacity planning and provision, at European ATM network and local level.


Cisplatin has long been the first-line treatment for a variety of solid tumors. However, the poor pharmacokinetics and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance are the main challenges in cancer therapy. Herein, endogenous enzyme-responsive cisplatin polyprodrug nanoplatforms were developed for cascade-promoted photo-chemotherapy against drug-resistant cancers. The polyprodrug nanoplatforms, ICG/Poly(Pt), were fabricated from the indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizer and cisplatin polyprodrug amphiphiles, PEG-b-P(Pt-co-GFLG)-b-PEG, consisting of repeated enzyme-degradable GFLG peptides and cisplatin prodrug units in the hydrophobic block and hydrophilic PEG chains, exhibiting ∼24.7 wt % cisplatin loading. Upon cellular uptake in lysosomes, cathepsin B could partially degrade the nanoplatforms into cisplatin prodrug, and then 808 nm laser irradiation would excite ICG to afford reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia, thus launching the phototherapy. Furthermore, the concurrent photodynamic and p...


Objective: To describe the natural history of epistaxis in a cohort of Spanish patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Patients and methods: Between 1st january 2002 and 31st december 2013, 353 HHT patients were studied registering epidemiological variables of sex, age and genetics (type of HHT) and crossed with data relating epistaxis frequency, age of onset, type of lesions, severity of symptoms, presence of anemia and transfusion requirements. Results: No significant differences were observed regarding epistaxis frequency considering sex and genetics with 96.88% of patients affected. HHT2 patients have a later onset of epistaxis than HHT1 ones. Male, aged patients and those with HHT2 required a higher number of hospitalizations. Male required more transfusions than women (p=0.036) while hemoglobin levels decreased with age in both sexes and were lower in HHT2 patients. Considering the BerglerSadick scale, elderly ages conditioned more severity both for quantity and frequency of epistaxis (p<0.0001) while men presented more severity than women considering quantity (p=0.029). Nasal telangiectases were more complex in women and elderly patients. Conclusions: Absence of epistaxis in HHT patients is uncommon. HHT2 patients normally start with symptoms later than HHT1 ones and HHT2 patients together with males and elderly population show more severity.


Purpose of research. The identified inconsistencies with energy-saving standards are usually considered as a set of individual elements. Improvement of the entire system (walls, windows, floor structures, coatings) helps to reduce external heat loss, which, on the whole, leads to heat energy saving in the object under study. The method that considers the element component of a building has some disadvantages, since, as a result of calculations, there is a significant error in determining the specific characteristics of heat consumption for heating and ventilation of a building and, hence, in determining the energy efficiency class of a building. This paper discusses the method of instrumental control of indicators. It offers the method of instrumental control of indicators that determine the class of energy efficiency of an apartment house in accordance with the current requirements of regulatory documents and legislative acts. Methods.The proposed method makes it possible to perform an assessment using whole-building metering devices for heat and electricity consumption during a calendar year and a short-term instrumental survey in order to clarify some other parameters necessary for evaluating energy efficiency indicators of apartment residential houses. The paper also suggests an equation for converting the value of the measured average internal air temperature during a short-term survey to the average value of air temperature inside the house during the heating period. Results. The method was tested through the use of a comprehensive instrumental survey of apartment residential houses of standard series 1-447c from the Tambov housing stock. The value of deviation of the actual specific annual heat consumption for heating and ventilation, taking into account the household heat supply of the building in question from the base level (for the given apartment house), is 151•4.8 kWh/m2, which corresponds to the deviation of 13 * 0.1 %. Тhe building under consideration must be assigned an energy efficiency class – F (Low). Conclusion. The given method can be applied by the residents of apartment houses, the employees of state housing inspections and the specialists of organizations conducting energy audits in assessing compliance with regional energy efficiency and consumption targets, for the residential houses and public buildings being commissioned and buildings that are in use when assigning the mentioned buildings energy efficiency class.


This paper measures the relationship between the level of stock analysts opinions and the dispersion of those opinions. The proposed theory is that analysts notice when there is less agreement and tend to lower their reported opinions in such cases. Hence, the thesis of the paper is that a negative relationship exists between the level of analysts opinions of a given stock and the dispersion of those opinions. Using a sample selection process that controls for outliers and the effect that the varying number-of-analysts per stock might introduce, this paper analyses the opinions of 245 stocks from the Standard and Poor's 500. With respect to the main thesis, all the test statistics have the correct sign; however, some statistics are not significant or are only marginally significant. One innovative random variable used in the tests involves assigning to a stock the cumulative distribution function value associated with the standard deviation of the opinions conditional on the average and number of those opinions. This procedure rescales the data so that comparisons can be made between stocks with different average opinions.


Introduction: In hair restoration surgery, recipient sites for insertion of follicular units are made with microblades or needles, with the goals of achieving the closest proximity possible and to maintain vascular nutritional support for the grafts. This study describes the methodology for preparatory marking of the frontal scalp with dots or lines. Stamps developed by the author are used to make incisions at these sites in order to attain symmetric density. Methods: Several types of stamps are described. Individualized options for use in the frontal region were defined in four groups of patients; three types of inks were used in order to choose the ink with greater


This paper investigates the effectiveness of different Fibre Metal Laminates (FML) when subjected to blast loading. The blast loading was applied using ANSYS in order to accurately model the impact. In total, three different laminates were investigated: a GLARE laminate, a GLARE laminate with a central FRP layer replaced with Duro 30 elastomer and a GLARE laminate with a central FRP layer replaced with Duro 70 elastomer. The stresses, displacements and energy absorption values were analysed for each of these when subjected to 5 different loading intensities. It was found from the analysis that the addition of an elastomer can help increase the blast performance of a laminate, but the addition of an elastomer does not guarantee this. However, the stiffness of the laminate with an elastomer layer is reduced in comparison to the stiffness of the GLARE laminate. So a compromise between the strength and stiffness must be attained for structural application of elastomer based FMLs.


Based on the structural similarity and the driving principle of solubility, we successfully constructed heterostructures of Bi2SiO5/Bi2MoO6 through an anion exchange strategy between Bi2MoO6 starting material and incoming SiO32− ions. By tuning the addition amount of incoming SiO32−, the evolution process of the Bi2SiO5/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures involving phase formation, morphology transformation, and changes in specific surface area and optical properties was clearly identified. More importantly, the heterostructured products displayed remarkably enhanced photodegradation activities under UV and visible light irradiation compared to pure Bi2MoO6, which could be mainly ascribed to the relatively high surface areas, the light-harvesting contribution from the Bi2MoO6 component, and effective separation of photo-generated electron—hole pairs driven by the interfacial potential difference in the Bi2SiO5/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions.


Both Boris Yeltsin and the United States failed to take full advantage of the window of opportunity between the August 1991 putsch and the collapse of the Soviet Union four months later. Bolder political action, greater economic reform, and more generous Western assistance might have precluded Russian resentment.


The flame retardant (FR) additive hexa-methoxy-cyclo-tri-phosphazene [NP(OCH/sub 3/)/sub 2/]/sub 3/ was synthesized using the literature procedures. The electrochemical and thermal properties of Li-ion electrolytes containing hexamethoxy-cyclo-tri-phosphazene additive were measured using cyclic voltammetry and accelerating rate calorimetery. The effect of this additive on the electrochemical performance of Li-ion cells was investigated in Li/sub x/C/Li/sub 1-x/Ni/sub 0.8/Co/sub 0.2/O/sub 2/ type coin cells.


Consumption is one of the three forces which could promote economic growth,and it obviously boosts the development of macro economy,but the contributions made by the rural resident's consumption to the economic growth are decreasing in China,and the most important reason is unharmonious in the process of rural resident's consumption.Harmonious consumption is the foundation of expanding the scale of expenditure,and it is also the theoretical issue of academicians' research,but the research mentioned above is still superficial for the effect of harmonious consumption of rural residents who are looked upon as a special group.It is important to bring up the dimension of symbiosis adaptation of ecological environment,and is also necessary to increase interactions of the decisions of rural residents with the economy,the social culture and the environments.At the same time,it is supposed to establish a kind of new idea of harmonious consumption,and to take serious research of the way to achieve the harmonious consumption,and then turns the dually harmonious effects of rural resident's consumption to good account.And it could provide the new thought and guide to the theoretical study and practice of harmonious consumption in the course of rural resident's consumption.


Abstract:The poem "Chapter in which she watches the Kavanaugh hearing" examines mainstream acceptance of sexual violence through the lens of a character in Honoré Sharrer's painting Susanna and the Eldest."The function of an eye is to translate" interrogates female-to-female desire as fetishized through the male gaze, particularly as it is represented in male-dominated directorship of "lesbian" porn. The poem intercuts language from Henri Cartier-Bresson: The Decisive Moment (film).


A previously proposed time-frequency distribution based on compressed sensing (CS) is applied to radar backscattered signals for signature analysis. The CS joint time-frequency (CSJTF) distribution is based on the Wigner-Ville distribution, but employs CS to remove undesirable cross terms. To adapt the algorithm for radar signals, we develop a search procedure to find the optimal region in the ambiguity plane for achieving the best CSJTF distribution. The algorithm is then applied to backscattering data from several structures of interest, including a pipe, rotating turbine blades, and a moving human. The performance of the CSJTF is compared to that of the short-time Fourier transform and the reassigned spectrogram, and its limitations in time-frequency localization and resolution are discussed.


Because clouds scatter and absorb incident radiation, they play crucial roles in the radiative balance, the atmospheric chemistry, climate, and thus the habitability of a planet. Clouds usually affect the planet's observables. We investigate here the effect of partial and variable cloud coverage on the light that is reflected by an Earth-like exoplanet, exploring not only the total flux but also the linearly and circularly polarized fluxes.


This paper examines two important strategies of community crime prevention in contemporary Chinese society: bang-jiao and tiao-jie. Bang-jiao refers to community efforts to reintegrate offenders into the community. Tiao-jie refers to community groups designed to resolve disputes among neighbors and family members, and in doing so, to reduce crime. We describe these strategies, discuss their philosophical underpinnings, and identify the features of Chinese society that support their implementation. We also explore their effectiveness with survey data from a sample of offenders in Tianjin, China. Our empirical analyses suggest that bang-jiao and tiao-jie may indeed be important structural mechanisms for crime control in a communitarian society.


This article discusses the progress made in improving women's health in South Africa, since the 1994 Cairo UN Conference on Population and Development. The government's end to Apartheid in South Africa is still incomplete; the health care system is still divided along racial lines. South Africa's change of government in 1994 did not bring widespread changes. The access to health care in urban areas is still better than in rural areas. Middle-class Blacks in urban areas pay for expensive private services, while poor rural Blacks may only have access to a small clinic or a mobile unit available on a weekly basis. Rural Black women lack social and political status, maintain a subordinate role to men, and suffer under the drudgery of heavy domestic and wage work loads. One success is the passage of legislation that provides for cervical cancer screenings at government clinics during three time periods: at ages 35, 40, and 45 years. Health education is still needed to convince women to obtain cervical cancer screenings. There are many obstacles to improving women's health: the isolation of women in rural areas; the 11 official languages; the male attitude against women's control of fertility; and government priorities on basic needs for water, housing, and jobs. Services tend to be segmented by type, place, and time of service; hours of operation tend to be short; waiting times tend to be long; and health personnel tends to be judgmental. Family planning services may be limited to one method regardless of women's needs or desires. Women's groups request that more counseling be provided before distributing contraceptives. The plan in 1996 for free health care for all is ambitious and will be phased-in over time. The passage of the new liberalized abortion bill is expected to be a first step in reducing health risks for Black women.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect on IgA nephropathy(IgAN) treated with the method of nourishing yin and eliminating pathogen(Chinese medical therapy) allied with western drugs as defibrase,methylprednisolone(or dexamethasone) and chlormethine hydrochloride. Methods:483 IgAN inpatients were randomly divided into two groups: Chinese decoction for nourishing yin and eliminating pathogens + three-allied therapy group(treatment group) and prednisone of conventional treatment + tripterysium glycosides group(control group). Results:(1) After one month treatment,urine protein was decreased remarkably in treatment group,and the therapeutic effect was superior to that in control group(P0.05);(2) After six month treatment,urine protein in treatment kept decreasing and the negative revolution proportion was superior to that in control group(P0.05);(3) After 12 month treatment,the negative revolution proportion of urine protein in treatment group was superior to that in control group(P0.05). The complete remission rate was 68.3%(166/243 cases) and the total effective rate was 96.7%(P0.05). Conclusion:In treatment group,the effect on IgAN is achieved quickly,both complete remission rate and total effective rate are high,and the therapeutic effect is superior to that in control group.


Jonathan Tallant (2009) argues against the view that 'truth requires ground' by trying to show that some theories which violate this principle are theoretically more virtuous than competitors respecting it, which gives us a good reason to reject the principle. I argue that Tallant's argument is unsuccessful.