This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree, Masters of Arts in Sociology in the Faculty of Humanities (School of Social Sciences) at the University of Witwatersrand, 2016


ABSTRACT This paper is presented, not so much as an end in itself concerning the solution of a definite engineering problem, but as an exploratory step toward the solution of the problem of optimal control of continuous time stochastic non-linear systems when only noisy observations of the state are available. In this paper, the problem of determining the optimal open loop control, when no observations at all are available, is treated by dynamic programming. The main results of the paper are to obtain the functional equation of dynamic programming and to present a quasi-linearization type of algorithm for its solution. The author's intention was to illustrate by these results that infinite dimensional function space is the most natural setting for stochastic non-linear problems. The results obtained give some insight into what can be expected in the more general case of noisy observations. In the Appendices an argument is presented to justify the proposed algorithm and an example is given for which an exa...


Fluorescence quenching by nitromethane of pyrene-labeled poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAMs) which contain alkyl chains was employed to investigate the accessibility of the quencher to the pyrene moieties. The quenching efficiency for monomeric pyrene or excimers was decreased in PNIPAMs when compared to the quenching efficiency of pyrene fluorescence in the aqueous phase, showing that pyrene is always located within the polymeric micelles. The contribution of static quenching was evaluated by comparing the quenching efficiency determined from steady-state measurements with that obtained from time-resolved data. Static quenching was present for all PNIPAMs studied. The decrease of the quenching efficiency was related to the polymeric micelle structure. The highest degree of protection was observed for the excimer emission of the polymer containing randomly-substituted alkyl chains and with the pyrene bound to the same polymeric unit as the alkyl chain.


A field experiment was conducted with early(125~135 d),medium(136~145 d) and late-maturing(146~155 d) medium japonica and early (156~165 d) and medium-maturing(166~175 d) late Japonica rice under zero N fertilizer in 2006 and 2007 Soil N absorption was analyzed in order to explore the response of five growth duration types rice to the soil basal nitrogen supply. The results showed that soil basal N accumulation increased with the rice growth duration prolonging. Soil basal N accumulation of medium-maturing late Japonica rice was 28.99%,18.18%,9.27% and 6.06% higher than early,medium and late-maturing middle Japonica rice and early-maturing late Japonica rice respectively,which indicated that late-maturing Japonica rice was more intensively to soil basal N accumulation than middle-maturing Japonica rice. N use efficiency of soil and soil N harvest index in middle Japonica rice tended to increase firstly,then declined with the growth duration prolonging,while N use efficiency of soil increased,and soil N harvest index was little differences in late Japonica rice. Correlation analysis showed that there existed significant highly positive correlation between soil basal N accumulation and basal yield,and significant or highly significant negative correlations between soil basal N accumulation and N use efficiency of soil,soil N harvest index. It indicated that the capacity of soil basal N supply determined the level of basal yield and limited N use efficiency of soil and soil N harvest index at the same time.


| In the course of discussing (different) aspects of inclusion as well as the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (also) PE pedagogy is called upon to concentrate more closely on persons with disabilities in its formation of a specific theory. In doing so it must be taken into consideration that PE pedagogy deals with socially as well as anthropologically preformated, implicit normative concepts which, on a structural level, are apt to develop an excluding potential. In order to sensitize for such hidden obstacles to inclusion, this contribution takes up the perspective of Disability Studies and Ableism neglected so far in German PE pedagogy and applies it to the so-called disabled sport and the beginning discussion of competence orientation in PE didactics.


The 1990s have been marked by a resurgence of interest in questions of corporate governance in both public and private sector settings. The 1990 reorganization of the NHS is taken as an example of a recent attempt to'reform'arrangements for corporate governance in the public sector based on a board of directors'model. The policy background is reviewed and the salient features of the NHS reorganization outlined. Empirical case study evidence is adduced which enables us to make an assessment of the advantageous and disadvantageous effects of the 1990 reorganization. Some unresolved questions are outlined in the concluding discussion.


Avian influenza represents an emerging disease of key interest, with potential impacts extending from human morbidity and mortality to economic disaster for those involved in the poultry industry. A main concern is that the highly pathogenic virus may develop through a combination of mutation and reassortment into a strain transmittable by humans. Many evaluations to date have focused on prevention and eradication strategies in poultry populations, while little attention has been paid to understanding the impact of those measures on the livelihoods of poor households in Asia and other countries to which the disease may spread. A collaborative initiative was launched in May 2007 that includes assessing economic impacts at the local level to guide more fully informed control strategies. This initiative involves assessing risks considering the spatial spread of avian flu through various mechanisms, evaluating the costeffectiveness of candidate mitigation measures, and assessing impacts on the poor. Interlinked modules have been defined to frame this joint evaluation across geographic regions and economic scales. This paper outlines the technical concepts of this new study and the role of integrated analyses. 1. Overview of Avian Influenza and Economic Impacts Many human diseases have arisen from infections of domestic and wild animals. As the ecology of human/animal interactions enters a new phase of dynamic change globally, the risk of "new" diseases emerging that threaten human health and livelihoods is an immediate and growing concern. Avian influenza is one example. While strains avian influenza (AI) virus of low pathogenicity for chicken have been recorded regularly over the last century, recent occurrences of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) in East and Southeast Asia, with subsequent extensions in distribution to Europe and Africa have caused tremendous concern worldwide. The spread of HPAI, its actual impacts on agriculture, and its potential impacts on human health, put this disease at the forefront of global human safety and development policy dialogues. On the human side many developed countries are implementing pandemic preparedness with large funds going toward human flu vaccine development and stockpiling Tamiflu. On the poultry side most efforts have focused on implementing prevention and eradication measures in poultry populations. However, much less emphasis has been placed on understanding the effect of these mitigation strategies on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and their families in affected countries or on measures aimed at controlling the transmission from wild migratory birds or by uncontrolled trade. While there is a fear that the virus may develop into a strain capable of sustained human-to-human transmission, the greatest impacts to date have been on the highly diverse poultry industries in affected countries. Infections of wild and domestic bird populations by low-pathogenic strains of AI (LPAI) have been reported. They are typically carried by wild birds that do not manifest clinical signs, but result in mild illness in domestic birds (NAS, 2005). Wild birds also transmit HPAI, but unlike LPAI, the HPAI strain results directly in domestic bird deaths, as well as the intentional depopulation of poultry flocks, to prevent its spread. 1 International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA 2 Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy 3 The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, United Kingdom EnviroInfo 2007 (Warschau) Environmental Informatics and Systems Research Copyright © Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2007. ISBN: 978-3-8322-6397-3


The bachelor thesis deals with the transfer of pre-school children to the first grade of elementary school. My research was focused on the postponing of compulsory attendance. The beginning of compulsory education is an important milestone for every child and involves the whole family. The theoretical part characterizes a pre-school child and the factors influencing the postponing of compulsory attendance. The whole transfer process is determined not only by pre-school teachers but also by the attitude of the parents and their upbringing approaches. They should be able to consider whether the child is ready for the start of the education process or not.


In this study we revisit the question of whether firms' performance (usually measured as return on assets or ROA) is driven primarily by industry- or firm-specific factors by extending past studies in two major ways. First, we examine if the findings of past research can be generalized across all firms in an industry or whether it depends on a particular class of firms within the same industry. Second, in a departure from past research, we use value-based measures of performance (economic profit or residual income and market-to-book value) instead of accounting ratios. We also use a new data set and a different statistical approach for testing the significance of the independent effects. Our study uncovers an important phenomenon that may in large part be responsible for the strong firm-effect reported in past studies. We show that a significant proportion of the absolute estimates of the variance of finn-specific factors in our study is due to the presence of a few exceptional firms in an industry: the two firms that outperform their industry and the two that under perform in comparison to the rest. In other words, only for a few dominant value creators (leaders) and destroyers (losers) do firm-specific assets matter more than industry factors. For most firms, i.e. for those that are not notable leaders or losers in their industry, the industry effect turns out to be more important for performance than firm-specific factors. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that superior (or poor) management leads to superior (or poor) firm performance irrespective of industry structure, which matters only for firms "stuck in the middle", i.e. for firms with average managerial capabilities and performance. We also show that this phenomenon does not depend on the metrics used to measure performance. influence the relative importance of firm-specific and industry effects? And what is the relative magnitude of these effects for firms that are 'stuck in the middle'? make a rough attempt to identify an industry's value leaders and losers. Exact definitions of a value leader or loser are debatable, but our purpose here is to give some preliminary attention to the influence of such 'outliers' on firm-specific and industry effects, and to the importance of these effects on firms in the middle. The following procedure is used to identify value leaders and losers in industry. To be identified as a value leader in its industry a firm must meet two criteria.


The parameters of the technology of automatic argon-shielded arc welding of pipelines of P91 steel using Thermanit MTS3 filler wire are presented. The technology produces welded joints with the required mechanical properties and service characteristics.


Molecular imprinted polymers of doxycycline hydrochloride(DC) were synthesized via bulk polymerization route by using DC as the template molecule,methacrylic acid as the functional monomers,and ethylene dimethacrylate(EGDMA) as the crosslinker.Equilibrium binding experiments and Scatchard analysis were made to evaluate the binding characteristics and recognition mechanism of the DC molecular imprinted polymers in aqueous solution.Scatchard analysis showed that two classes of binding sites were produced in the polymer matrix within tested concentration range.The dissociation constant(Kd) and apparent maximum binding capacity(Qmax) for high affinity binding sites were Kd1 = 116.83 μmol·L-1 and Qmax1 = 68.98 μmol·g-1,and those for low affinity binding sites were Kd2 = 12.75 μmol·L-1 and Qmax2 = 15.13 μmol·g-1.At the same time,the imprinted polymers possessed good selective adsorption capacity for DC.


Brown SA, McCauley SR, Levin HS, Boake C, Goldfader PR, McCormick SD, Rockers D, Butters M, Kareken DA, Gostnell D, Clifton GL: Factor analysis of an outcome interview for use in clinical trials of traumatically brain-injured patients: a preliminary study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 80:196–205. ObjectiveTo study the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and sensitivity to detect change in patient report of problems of a structured interview in relationship with accepted outcome measures. DesignOutcome status of patients with severe traumatic brain injury participating in a randomized, phase III, multicenter clinical trial was assessed at 6 mo postinjury using the Glasgow Outcome Scale, the Disability Rating Scale, and the Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Interview. ResultsExploratory factor analysis of the Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Interview produced a meaningful five-factor model: (1) activities of daily living; (2) cognitive; (3) affective; (4) behavioral; and (5) instrumental activities of daily living. The internal consistency of the factors ranged from moderate (0.61 instrumental activities of daily living) to high (0.94 activities of daily living); the interfactor correlations were moderate. The summed factor scores were significantly correlated with measures of global outcome: the Glasgow Outcome Scale (r = 0.66;P < 0.0001) and the Disability Rating Scale (r = 0.61;P < 0.0001). Patient report of cognitive problems correlated moderately with the neuropsychological tests. The summed factor scores were sensitive to change over time. ConclusionsOverall, the interview assessed the major important features of outcome pertinent to traumatic brain injury and demonstrated greater sensitivity to subtle changes over time than the unidimensional approaches, such as the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale.


To study and gain a better understanding of the power system dynamics, the concept of building a frequency monitoring network (FNET) was proposed in 2000 [1] and has been realized in 2003. The FNET system consists of many high dynamic precision frequency and phasor estimation devices, also known as frequency disturbance recorders (FDR). These FDRs can be used at any 110 V or 220 V wall outlet and transmit measured data remotely via the Ethernet. The FDRs can measure power system parameters including frequency, voltage, and phase angle. There are currently more than 40 FDRs placed strategically in different locations within the North America power grids to monitor the entire power network. Furthermore, the FDRs are currently synchronized in time via a GPS receiver. This paper discusses the feasibility study of the Internet timing synchronization. The motivation for Internet timing synchronization was ignited during the research for a more portable and economical yet still highly accurate FDR design. Test results are presented from several different NTP implementation methods. Based on the correlation between time synchronization and phasor accuracy, it was concluded that the current NTP is not yet a feasible synchronization tool for accurate phasor measurement.


Comprising three aspects, namely formal aesthetics, scientific aesthetics and artistic aesthetics, the aesthetic intension of the sketch teaching can not be alienated from the human understanding and application of natural forms in the human social practice as long as its course of creation is concerned, for only by ways of deposits of deeper intension and elements can aesthetic delight be achieved through mutual adoption between objective identities and subjective consciousness.In the case of sketch, its artistic charm is accomplished by the striking contrast between black and white lines, which are constructed under the rules of scientific aesthetics, to represent the well-coordinated subjective creative thinking.


ABSTRACT: In the present study, the zoonotic tapeworms Dibothriocephalus latus and Dibothriocephalus dendriticus were identified for the first time, using morphological and molecular procedures, in a population of introduced Chinook salmon in Chile. The morphological differences observed between plerocercoids of D. latus and D. dendriticus were, respectively, a retracted and obscured scolex versus one that is always visible and only partially retracted after cold fixation; extension of frontal glands; size, types of, density of, and distribution of microtriches; and number of parenchymal longitudinal muscle bundles within 50-µm spaces. With scanning electronic microscopy, both species presented 3 types of microtriches: coniform and uncinated spinitriches, and capilliform filitriches. In the body region, D. latus presents all types of microtriches, but D. dendriticus only possessed capilliform filitriches. Multiplex PCR targeting cox1 of Diphyllobothriidae and subsequent sequence analysis allowed for confirmation of species identity. All adult Chinook salmon examined (32–60 cm total length) were infected by Dibothriocephalus spp. with a range of 15–192 plerocercoids. Plerocercoids were found in the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, gonads, swim bladder, peritoneum, heart, and muscles. The prevalence of infected salmon, the percentage of plerocercoids, and the mean intensity of D. latus in the muscles were 3, 4, and 2 times greater than that of D. dendriticus. Histological examination of the stomach, liver, spleen, gonads, and muscle revealed the presence of 1 or more encysted or free plerocercoids. In most cases, varying degrees of chronic inflammation and low presence of neutrophils were observed. The prey consumed by Chinook salmon included the native fish, Galaxias maculatus, and unidentified fish and amphipods. Other identified endohelminths were Derogenes lacustris Tsuchida, Flores, Viozzi, Rauque, and Urabe, 2021 in the stomach, Camallanus corderoi Torres, Teuber and Miranda, 1990 in the intestine, larvae of Contracaecum sp. in the intestinal wall, and Acanthocephalus tumescens (von Linstow, 1896) in the intestine. All identified parasites are reported for the first time in Chinook salmon from Chile.


The structure and electrical properties of BaTi0.8Co0.2O3−δ ceramic prepared by a wet chemical process polymerized with polyvinyl alcohol were investigated. The crystal structure of BaTi0.8Co0.2O3−δ was determined to be a hexagonal phase. The measurements of temperature dependence of resistivity revealed that the ceramic has the characteristic of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of resistivity. The electrical properties analysed by impedance and electrical modulus spectroscopies showed that the grains play a major role in electrical properties, compared with the grain boundaries. The co-existence of the overlapping and separation between the frequency dependence plots of the normalized imaginary part of impedance and electric modulus peaks is observed. The conduction mechanisms combining the hopping model and band conduction are proposed for the NTC effect in the BaTi0.8Co0.2O3−δ thermistor.


In the era of sustainability, recycling of industrial waste material by using marble powder as filler in the Polypropylene matrix recommend an interesting opportunity. In this study, composites were fabricated by adding different weight percentages of marble powder (5–15 wt.%) in the Polypropylene by injection molding process. To evaluate the contribution of marble powder in the PP-marble composite, Mechanical characterizations such as Shore hardness test, compressive strength and impact strength were performed. For surface morphological characterizations Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed for the Polypropylene-marble composites. Taguchi technique and Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm were used to optimize the parameters.


Matrix organization is increasingly being written about in terms which suggest that it is almost axiomatic that it is the best way of structuring an R & D lab. In this paper we wish to introduce a note of scepticism into the discussion, for the following reasons. Firstly, we suspect that not everyone has the same thing in mind when discussing matrix organizations. Secondly, we believe that there are many circumstances under which it clearly is not the best way of organizing, although there are plenty under which it is. Thirdly, we have seen in use many variants of the structure, suggesting to us that while there is an underlying, unifying concept at work, it needs to be much modified in most cases before it can successfully be applied. Finally, any reorganizing is a hazardous business, and a change to matrix involves particular difficulties of its own which need highlighting.


From the early 1980s, a good 15 years before New Political Economy first saw the light of day, the obituaries for development studies were already being written. Although some celebrated its demise and others mourned its passing, it is the central thrust of this article that announcements of its death have been premature. Moreover, if development studies are dead, then so too is social science. I shall argue from the premise that the most influential and perceptive social scientists, from Adam Smith onwards, have always sought to explore, explain and, sometimes, seek directly to promote the processes by which human welfare has been, and can be, progressively enhanced. Crucially, they have not sought to do so in terms of a single disciplinary framework, but through analysing the complex relations between social, political and economic institutions, within and between societies. As the distinguished American anthropologist, Marvin Harris, observed many years ago: 'My excuse for venturing across disciplines, continents, and centuries is that the world extends across disciplines. Nothing in nature is quite so separate as two mounds of expertise.' Just so: the same is true for 'development' – its analysis and promotion extends across disciplines. At the core of these concerns has, naturally, been how 'the wealth of nations', understood essentially as economic growth and development, is best achieved. Accordingly, the economy – that is, the character, organisation and control of the system of material production and distribution – has normally been the central focus. Yet many of those working in mainstream economics itself, or in the sometimes narrowly conceived economics of development, drifted into their own and somewhat detached domains, evacuated from interdisciplinary and institutional contexts. To the extent that they did, they lost contact with these essentially society-wide interactions and relations, internal and external, that we now know to have been historically crucial in either promoting or restraining New Political Economy, Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2005


A frame synchronisation method is proposed which accurately establishes the frame synchronisation state of a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder using log-likelihood ratio tests on select check nodes within the LDPC decoder. It is shown that this frame synchronisation method outperforms recent methods without significantly sacrificing the bit error rate and FER performance. Simulation results are presented for the transmission of the rate (288, 576) WiMAX 802.16e LDPC code digits using binary phase shift keying over an additive white Gaussian noise channel.


Reference change value (RCV) is used to assess the significance of the difference between two measurements after accounting for pre‐analytic, analytic, and within‐subject variability. The objective of the current study was to define the RCV for global longitudinal strain (GLS) using different semi‐automated software in standard clinical practice.


There are many methods of inspecting the decolourizing capacity of activated carbon,Enterprises would choose reasonable methods in terms of their products' characteritics.


To examine functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes for patients treated by reirradiation to the head and neck for recurrent or new primary cancers.


Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in the treatment of somatoform disorders.Methods 82 patients were randomly divideded into mirtazapine group and fluoxetine group,all the patients were treated for 6 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated with Hamilton depression rating scale and symptom checklist,the side effects were evaluated with treatment emergent symptom scale.Results The total effective rate of the mirtazapine group was 88%.The total effective rate of the fluoxetine group was 80%.There was no difference between the two groups in efficacy (x2 =0.13,P > 0.05).After the first week of treatment,by Symptom checklist,somatization,anxiety and total score of mirtazapine group were significantly lower than the fluoxetine group (t =2.97,3.01,3.73,all P < 0.05).After the sixth week of treatment,somatization,interpersonal,depression,anxiety,fear and total score of mirtazapine group were significantly lower than the fluoxetine group (t =2.01,2.36,3.25,3.62,2.17,3.84,all P < 0.05).Mirtazapine group had no significant adverse drug reactions.Fluoxetine group had four cases of adverse drug reactions.Conclusion Mirtazapine in the treatment of patients with somatoform disorders has more rapid onset and drug side effects is less than fluoxetine.

Key words:
Somatoform disorders;  Mirtazapine;  Fluoxetine


In the title compound, C10H6N2O5, the two fused rings are almost co-planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0163 Å. The nitro groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 2.62 (11) and 44.69 (11)° with respect to the plane of the parent fused rings. Intramolecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds complete S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains along [101] by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.6296 (15), 3.8104 (15) and 3.6513 (14) Å] might play a role in stabilizing the structure.


The suretyship is a form of guaranty, in which the performance of a contract (principal obligation) is guaranted by entering into a suretyship contract on the surety's general property. The suretyship is independent in some ways, which, however, is neglected to some extent by our theory and legislation which mainly focus on its dependence on the principal contract. In this paper, the authors analyze the independence of the suretyship from such aspects as the development of the suretyship, its conclusion and content, the scope of the suretyship guaranty, causes leading to the alteration or effect of the suretyship, the surety's right of defense,et al. and point out the theoretical and practical significance of stressing the independence of the suretyship.


The article introduces the company's large-tonnage road roller's capability,performance and design features,which gives reference to the equipment selec-tion of road construction projects.


Background: Meningiomas involving both intradural and extradural structures are rare tumors. We report the complete resection of a massive complex transosseous meningioma that had invaded the torcula, superior sagittal sinus, occipital bone, and scalp. Case Description: A 48-year-old male presented after 3 days of worsening headaches and blurry vision. Preoperative imaging demonstrated an 11 × 5-cm extra-axial mass that avidly enhanced with gadolinium in the region of the torcula. Angiography demonstrated occlusion of the involved portions of the superior sagittal sinus, torcula, and proximal left transverse sinus. Cortical drainage occurred via the veins of Labbι and deep drainage via an occipital sinus. Using image-guided stereotaxy, a wide-excision scalp resection and craniectomy with sinus exploration was planned for complete tumor removal. Parasitized cortical veins were preserved. Occluded portions of the superior sagittal sinus and left transverse sinus were resected along with the invaded parts of the falx and tentorium. The walls of the straight sinus, torcula, and right transverse sinus were repaired primarily to facilitate deep drainage. A latissimus dorsi free flap was used to reconstruct the scalp defect. Routine follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 18 months demonstrated no evidence of recurrence or regrowth. Conclusions: This case illustrates the importance of identifying aberrant venous drainage pathways when considering ligation and resection of major sinuses and discusses the management of calvarial and scalp invasion.


A lot of research has been conducted on hyper-heuristics for examination timetabling. However, most of this work has been focused on an uncapacitated version of the problem. This study reports on evolving hyper-heuristics for a highly constrained version of the problem, namely, the set of problems from the second International Timetabling Competition (ITC '07). Previous work has shown that using an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based hyper-heuristic with more than one chromosome representation is more effective than the standard EA using a single representation. This study evaluates an EA hyper-heuristic, using three different chromosome representations, in solving the capacitated examination timetabling problem. The results produced by the hyper-heuristic were found to be comparable to other methodologies applied to the same problem set.


(54) HIGH POWER SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION 5,631,598 5/1997 Miranda et al. ..................... 327/540 INTERNALLY COMPENSATED LOW sk DROP-OUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING cited by examiner PMOS PASS DEVICE Primary Examiner Jeffrey Zweizig (75) Inventors: Mark Wayne Huggins, Rowlett; (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Dwight N. Holmbo; Wade Gabriel Alfonso Rincon-Mora, Allen, James Brady III; Frederick J. Telecky Jr. both of TX (US) (57) ABSTRACT


In short base line (SBL) underwater acoustics (UWA) positioning systems, positioning accuracy depends mainly on the precision of time-delay difference estimation. This paper presents a highly-precise algorithm for time-delay difference of wideband signal, which provides strong practicality for underwater cooperative targets positioning. This algorithm employs phase difference of main lobes of peaks of correlation function to modify the value of time-delay difference, which improves precision of the time-delay difference estimation. Simulation and experiment results indicate that this method has good advantages.


live streaming is a latest innovation for people to express themselves and exchange ideas. The current social media that is becoming a trend among the people and using live streaming as a means to interact is social media live streaming Bigo live. The existence of bigo live as an internet community forum (Cyber Community) certainly changes in the norms and values adopted by these users, so it cannot be denied that in the internet community (Cyber Community) there are changes and rules that occur . One of them appears an interaction created virtually in the world, where the emergence of a form of deviation that occurs in social media live streaming bigo live, one of which is cyber sexual harassment. The method used in this study uses visual methods. The theory used in this paper is the theory of routine activities where observations take place and observe every bigo live social media user.


The 2009 world university winter games which will be held in Harbin city is furthersome not only in the ice-snow sports development, ice-snow tourism, economic and societal development, but also in the advantage of larruping ice-snow culture in Heilongjiang province. With chance of the games, it has become the Heilongjiang people's history responsibility to heighten the ice-snow sports level and to promote the ice-snow culture content which is a agency driving the social culture for advancing the economic and societal harmonious development.


OBJECTIVE
To propose the seed quality standard of Belamcanda chinensis.

METHOD
The seed purity, 1000-grain weight, water content, vitality, germination rate of seed of B. chinensis from different producing areas were measured, and seed characteristics were observed. Cluster analysis was used to analyze to data.

RESULT
The first level seed was lustrously dark and thoroughly rounded, seed purity was above 98%, 1000-grain weight was above 28.00 g, water content was lower than 12.8%, vitality was over 90%, germination rate was over 85%. The second level seed was dark and relatively rounded, seed purity was above 92%, 1000-grainweight was above 20.00 g, water content was below 12.8%, vitality was between 70%-90%, germination rate was between 65%-85%, the third level seed was puce, seed purity was above 86%, 1000-grain weight was above 20.00 g, water content was below 12.80%, vitality was over 50%, germination rate was above 40%.

CONCLUSION
The seed purity of B. chinensis was almost above 90%, and 1000-grain weight was between 15.27 and 30.76 g. The vitality and the germination rate of B. chinensis seeds from different sources varied obviously.


Seasonal and spatis1 dynamics of above—and underground biomass of Mis + h stnen$i$ community are studied.The results show that its abo'~eground biomas m~.ximk2m in the second ten days of August,and its underground one is minimum during reviving and maximum during withering period-which is related to the developmental stage and the transport 0f substances.


In order to evaluate the seismic effect of dynamic compaction affecting around buildings,we study the attenuation rule of the seismic effect of dynamic compaction from time field,frequency field,etc,and give the attenuation relations between acceleration a and distance R by researching on the engineering example.Based on the analysis for the frequency spectrum of seismic signals,the result shows that the main frequency of vibration inspired by dynamic compaction is usually less than 10 Hz,and the seismic effect is close to nature earthquake.So,we elect China Earthquake Intensity Table(GB/T 17742-1999)as the standard judging that the vibration affects around buildings,and then,confirm the range of the infection.


The reaction of 1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5-phenylnorborna-2,5-diene with methoxide ions results in the addition of methanol to the phenyl-substituted double bond. 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, previously reported to be the reaction product, could not be detected. The reaction of ethoxide ions with 1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloronorborna-2,5-diene affords a significant amount of 1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5-endo-ethoxynorborn-2-ene in addition to the major product 1,2,4,7,7-pentachloro-3-ethoxynorborna-2,5-diene reported earlier.


South-to-North Water Transfer Project(SNWTP) is a mega infrastructure to solve water crisis in NorthChina,its length is about 1 400 km,of which the section through the expensive soil is about 340 km.Centrifuge modeling tests which include three disposal plans of lining,replacement clay and weak swelling rock with geogrid were carried out to study the treatment effect based on existing research results,the impacts of the different replacement clay thicknesses were compared.The conditions of lining leaking,channel water transport all the year round and channel rapid dewatering were simulated,and the changes of vertical deformation,pore water pressures and earth pressure were recorded.Also,the PIV technique was adopted to capture soil displacements by image analysis.In this paper,the effects of different disposal plans for expansive soil slope were discussed and compared.


Background and Purpose— Three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with multiple postlabeling delays has been used to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used this modality to estimate antegrade and collateral flow in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis. Methods— Consecutive patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery 50% to 99% stenosis at 2 centers underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with a postlabeling delays of 1.5 and 2.5 s. Mean CBF of bilateral middle cerebral artery territory at the postlabeling delays 1.5 and 2.5 s was measured. Early-arriving flow proportion was defined as (CBF 1.5 s at lesion side/CBF 2.5 s at normal side)×100%. Late-arriving retrograde flow proportion was defined as ([CBF 2.5 s−CBF 1.5 s] at lesion side−[CBF 2.5 s−CBF 1.5 s] at normal side)/CBF 2.5 s at normal side×100%. Antegrade and collateral scales were evaluated in patients with conventional angiography. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between early-arriving flow and late-arriving retrograde flow proportions on arterial spin labeling and antegrade and collateral scales on conventional angiography, respectively. Results— Forty-one patients (46.0±12.0 years) were enrolled. The mean early-arriving flow proportion was 78.3±14.9%. The mean late-arriving retrograde flow proportion was 16.1±10.2%. In 21 patients with conventional angiography, Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.79) between antegrade grade and early-arriving flow proportion (P=0.01) and 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.92) between collateral grade and late-arriving retrograde flow proportion (P<0.0001). Conclusions— Three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with 2 postlabeling delays may provide an empirical approach for estimating antegrade and collateral flow in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02479243.


We analyzed the relationship between the noise components and detectability of the various Imaging Plates to find the essential factors for improving Imaging Plate. CR system noise is classified into quantum noise and fixed noise. The dominant component of fixed noise is the structural noise of IP. The contribution of the structural noise was relatively high at higher exposure and at higher spatial frequency. For example the ratio of structural noise of early type of IP is 55% in case of 2 mR (5.16 × 10-7 C/kg) exposure at 2 cycles/mm spatial frequency. On the other hand, the ratio of the latest type is about 20%. This improvement leads to 2.3 times NEQ combined with improvement of quantum noise. Threshold depth of the 0.5 mm diameter hole of CD diagram was improved from 1.4 mm to 0.8 mm according to the improvement of NEQ from 50,000 to 100,000 /mm2 at the related spatial frequencies. Amount of improvement of threshold contrast was influenced especially by the NEQ at relatively high spatial frequencies. So improvement of the structural noise, which is dominant at higher frequency, is important as well as quantum noise.


Background: FeNO (Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide) is a biomarker for eosinophilic inflammation and is used for diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. Abnormal FeNO [levels above 35 parts per billions (ppb)] indicates significant airway eosinophilia and steroid-responsive airway inflammation. Some children with asthma have extremely high FeNO, yet it is unknown if these levels represent a different asthma phenotype compared to those with mildly elevated FeNO. Aims: To investigate if FeNO levels correlate with clinical phenotype, comorbidity and Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) in children with asthma and abnormal FeNO. Methods: Anthropometric data, day symptoms, night symptoms, controller/reliever treatment, comorbidity and PFT were correlated with FeNO level in asthma patients with abnormal FeNO. Results: 125 children and adolescents ages 4-18 years with abnormal FeNO were included. No correlation was found between FeNO and controller/reliever treatment, comorbidity and PFT. However, FeNO levels positively correlated with severity for both day and night symptoms (r=0.263 P=0.003 and r=0.211 P=0.021; respectively). Moreover, FeNO level of 80 ppb was found to be the best cutoff to differentiate between patients with mild vs severe day and night symptoms (P=0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: In asthma patients with abnormal FeNO, the levels of FeNO correlated with severity of symptoms. FeNO level of 80 ppb or above may serve as an objective indicator for severe asthma. In the era of personalized medicine these findings may aid in the clinical management of asthma patients.


Objectives: to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy, to identify and quantify the factors associated with gestational UI. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with women admitted for deliveries in all maternity wards in the city of Botucatu (São Paulo). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, based on the literature, containing questions about the occurrence of UI, its types, risk factors and moments when urinary losses occurred. Associations between UI and the predictive variables were analyzed with logistic regression models. Results: 950 women were interviewed, out of which 472 complained of urinary losses during pregnancy, resulting in a prevalence of 49.68% (CI95%= 46.51 52.86).The majority (61.8%) were classified as mixed UI. Among the covariates investigated, smoking (OR= 4.56), illicit drugs use (OR= 25.14), stimulant foods (OR= 1.84), constipation (OR=1.99), hypertensive disorders during gestation (OR= 3.23), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.89), parity (OR= 1.52) and previous caesarean sections (OR= 2.56) increased the chance of urinary losses during pregnancy. Conclusions: there was a high prevalence of UI during pregnancy. This condition was strongly associated with lifestyle habits and gestational morbidities. Finally, it is worth highlighting the fact that delivery via caesarean section increased the chance of UI in subsequent pregnancies.


The invention relates to an intelligent robot based interaction method and device, and an intelligent robot; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining man-machine interaction input information; determining whether a preset active interaction condition is satisfied or not according to the man-machine interaction input information; if yes, generating and outputting corresponding man-machine interaction output information according to the man-machine interaction input information and a preset active interaction model. In the prior art, a user and the robot only have a single passive interaction mode; the novel method can solve the problems, and provides the mode combining active interaction with passive interaction, thus diversifying, intelligentizing and humanizing interaction between the robot and the user, and improving robot user experience.


The mean free path between molecules emitted from and incident to a surface in rarefied flow is considered. The problem is formulated for the case of two classes of hard sphere molecules with different Maxwellian velocity distribution functions. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained to the integral describing the collision frequency between emitted and incident molecules. These analytical solutions are compared with numerical solutions, and the domain of validity of the analytical results is established. The analytical solutions provide a simple expression for the mean free path which is used to define a correlation parameter. This parameter is used to correlate a great deal of low-density supersonic and hypersonic sphere drag data which have a wide range of freestream and body surface conditions.


Aim: We aimed to describe the pattern and clinical presentation of panfacial fractures and to analyze if the panfacial fractures differ from other maxillofacial injuries concerning the time of intervention and duration of hospital stay, thereby evaluating if panfacial fractures place a burden on our hospital which is a tertiary reference center in South India. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a duration of two years from January 2018 to January 2020 among 28 patients who reported with panfacial fractures. Descriptive data were entered and chi-square test was done to find out the association between categorical variables. Results: Patients who reported with panfacial fractures were young adults (n = 17, 60.7%), males (92.8%) predominantly. Among those with a history of Road Traffic Accidents (n = 23, 82%), 91% (n = 21) did not use any protective devices. Conclusions: Males, young adults, use of two-wheelers, consumption of alcohol before driving, and avoidance of protective devices were most commonly associated with panfacial fractures (p < 0.05). Based on the study, panfacial fractures place a burden on the hospital in terms of the need for special care and prolonged stay period and operating time compared to other maxillofacial injuries (p < 0.05).


Recently there has been a much greater emphasis on improving the quality and consistency of beef. Cattle producers, breed associations, feed suppliers and beef packers have initiated value based pricing methods. Grid pricing, formula pricing, and strategic alliances are examples of these new value based pricing methods. While these pricing methods may differ substantially in the carcass and management traits they seek to reward or penalize, they all have one common feature: price is established on each individual animal.


The invention provides a hierarchical-structure molecular sieve rod-like array, and a preparation method and application thereof. A molecular sieve nanometer rod has a diameter of 0.1 to 5 [mu]m and a length of 1 to 500 [mu]m; each rod-like structure is formed by stacking of nanometer molecular sieves with sizes in a range of 20 to 100 nm and has a specific surface area of 200 to 1000 m /g; and the rod-like structure comprises microporous channels, mesoporous channels and macroporous channels. The hierarchical-structure molecular sieve rod-like array comprises one or more selected from a group consisting of a ZSM-5 type molecular sieve rod-like array structure, a beta type molecular sieve rod-like array structure and a Y type molecular sieve rod-like array structure. The preparation method employs crystal seed guiding and steam aiding, is simple and has a wide application scope. The hierarchical-structure molecular sieve rod-like array is applied to conversion of methyl alcohol for preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons, wherein after loading of 3% of zinc, a reaction is carried out for less than 40 h under the conditions that a temperature is 450 to 500 DEG C and the weight space velocity of methyl alcohol is 0.5-50/h, and the average conversion rate of methyl alcohol is 95 to 100% while the total carbon-based mass yield of aromatic hydrocarbons is 75 to 80%.


This paper analyzes the problem of the hot status tilting of burner nozzle,which is originally used the transferred burner tilting technology from ABB CE .The relative advanced measures are taken and successfully applied to the design of direct fired pulverized coal system of 1025 t/h and 2008 t/h boiler since 1995 and achieve the expected result.


The cross section for true absorption of positive pions in carbon was obtained from experiments at 85, 125, 165, 205, and 245 MeV. The results are compared with theoretical calculations. The total ..pi../sup +/-carbon cross section is decomposed into its major channels: elastic scattering, inclusive inelastic scattering, true absorption, and single charge exchange, as a function of pion energy. The inclusive ..pi../sup +/ angular distribution was also measured and the results suggest that quasifree processes play an important role for backward scattering.


A monitor/defibrillator (100) is described having an optical image sensor (114) such as a barcode reader or an optical character reader for accurate and timely entry of information during a medical treatment event. The barcode reader or opti cal character reader enables a one-step capture of patient identifying information, administered therapeutic Sub stances, equipment and other event information. The infor mation is decoded by the monitor/defibrillator and entered into system memory for later use.


Fluquinconazole is a novel quinazoline-based triazole fungicide. The unique connection of the basic parts of a triazole (the aromatic and triazole rings) by a ring system, the quinazoline, results in a rigid, compact molecular structure as indicated by some basic physico-chemical characteristics. This molecular design is responsible for important biological features of fluquinconazole, particularly the very long-lasting biological activity combined with excellent crop safety. Consequently, excellent yield enhancements in wheat have been observed as yield determining parts of the plants stay disease free for longer. Fluquinconazole-based products meet the demand of cost-effective disease control in an optimal way.


A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary magnesium on the growth, carapace strength, tissue and serum Mg concentration of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann). Juvenile soft-shelled turtles of approximate 5.4 g body weight were fed diets with seven levels of Mg (48, 206, 369, 670, 955, 1195 and 1500 mg Mg kg−1) for eight weeks. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) was found in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio or protein efficiency ratio among treatments. However, the WG of turtles continued to increase with increasing dietary Mg levels up to 670 mg kg−1, beyond which the WG levelled off. The plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and the muscle, bone Mg concentrations of the turtles increased with the increasing dietary Mg levels between 48 and 955 mg kg−1, beyond which the tissue Mg concentrations remained relatively constant. Furthermore, the carapace strengths of turtles fed with the control diet of 48 mg Mg kg−1 were significantly weaker (P < 0.05) than that of turtles fed with diets containing higher Mg levels. Based on a broken-line modelling analysis, the required dietary Mg level for the optimal WG of juvenile soft-shelled turtles was estimated to be approximately 650 mg kg−1. By contrast, the required dietary Mg levels for turtles to reach the optimal muscle and bone Mg concentrations were 1050 and 1000 mg kg−1 respectively. The required dietary Mg level for maximal alkaline phosphatase activity was approximately 980 mg kg−1.


Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for fMRI was first proposed to estimate brain connectivity from fMRI data. However, the parameter estimation with Expectation Maximization (EM) method in DCM is prone to local optima. To improve the performance of parameter estimation, this study proposed a hybrid method that integrates the concept of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization with generic EM used in DCM. From the investigation on real fMRI dataset, the results can indicate that the proposed method could provide higher opportunity to avoid local optimal solution and obtain better final outputs when compared with generic EM. ABC-EM has shown the potential to be a candidate algorithm for DCM estimate brain connectivity for complex experimental tasks involving large number of brain regions and stimuli. Even though the computation time may be concerned, the design of ABC-EM can support parallel computing. The use of ABC-EM on parallel computing system could reduce the computation time.


In the article, two fundamental models of management are described: the model of rational bureaucracy (Veber M.) and project-oriented model (modern concept). After synthesis these two models, a new method of building man-agement systems (functionand project-oriented) is proposed that puts the management system in dependence of func-tions executed. Also, the algorithm that lets analyze how this system works is carried out.


Does support for tough policies against undocumented immigration reflect anti-immigrant sentiments or a neutral concern about upholding laws? This study addresses the question by examining the relationship between different expressions of national identification and ethnocentric enforcement bias—that is, support for punishment of law-breaking immigrants but not law-breaking American employers who knowingly hire undocumented immigrants. Results revealed an association of this enforcement bias with nationalism (an ethnocentric engagement with national identity) but not with patriotism (a more critical engagement with national identity). A moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between nationalism and ethnocentric enforcement bias was most evident among participants who endorsed a "culture"-based construction of American identity in terms of American citizenship and ability to speak English. Discussion focuses on policy developments that reflect a symbolic threat to culture-based constructions of American identity and on the implications for fair and just enforcement of immigration policy.


The goals of this paper are twofold. One is to provide a means to access the literature that reports most aspects of crustacean chemoreception. The intent is not to provide a review or to assign credit for original discoveries. Several references appear in the literature section that are not cited in the text. These references are in important areas that are rapidly growing but not discussed here due to lack of space. The second goal is to outline my perspective on how chemicals affect the daily lives of crabs. I have taken liberty with the term crab and have included information from studies on true crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish and hermit crabs. The message is that chemosensory input, when placed in the context of the environmental and physiological status of crabs, is a means of modulating daily activity.


The steady laminar flow in a sparsely-packed horizontal porous layer sandwiched between 2 fluid layers is studied with the top and bottom boundaries bounded by rigid parallel plates. The formulation consists of the Brinkman equation for the porous layer and the Stokes equation for the fluid layer with the R. Rudraiah (1985) slip condition at the interface between the fluid layer and the porous layer. Exact solns. are obtained for the resp. layers involving effective viscosity and permeability. Anal. methods to det. these quantities are proposed. The effects of the viscous parameter, porous parameter, and the thickness of the porous layer on the mass flow rate and friction factor are investigated for the cases in which the thickness of the porous layer is small or large compared to that of the fluid layers. The thickness of the porous layer plays a significant role in controlling the flow in fluid layers and the velocity distribution in the porous medium exhibits a boundary layer nature of the flow very near the surface


Plastic materials have the advantage of anti-corrosion,but the thermal conductivity is quite low,which limits the performance of heat exchangers.The thermal conductivity of plastics can reach 20 W/(m·K) now.The performance of heat exchangers made of copper,stainless steel or high thermal conductivity plastic was compared.It was found that the performance of high thermal conductivity plastic heat exchanger was close to that of copper or stainless steel.The anti-fouling character was further considered and the performance of plastic heat exchanger was even better.These results showed that the heat exchanger made of high thermal conductivity plastic would have a good prospect in the anti-corrosion applications.


This paper is a comparative stylistic study of the French source version and translated English version of Mariama Bâ"s award winning epistolary novel Une si Longue Lettre / So Long a Letter, published in 1979 and 1981 respectively. It is an investigation on the linguistic ways and means to effectively arrive at the translation of a literary work from a source language to a target one, while remaining on track with the situation, the ideas and the message shared by the author in the source text. The proofread, cross study and scrutiny of both versions unveiled the significant achievements of the translator in the transcoding of a deeply cultural, religious, stylistic, tonal, and both traditional and modernity geared literary work. The results of the research work show that the translation methods used are those of direct translation borrowing and literal translation – on the one hand, and oblique translation – transposition, modulation, and equivalence on the other hand, based on the theoretical framework developed by Vinay and Darbelnet. The application of those methods reveal the translator"s dedicated efforts to remain on track with the source text, while feeding in some shifts in speech parts, some thoughtful stylistic and linguistic tonal balance to remain in tune with various peculiar aspects of the Anglophone readership.


Objective Lots of medicinal valnes can be found in total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves,and the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves on the proliferation and apoptosis of the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 cultured in vitro.Methods The human liver cancer cell line HepG2 was treated in vitro with different concentrations of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves for different times,and their effects on the cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed by MTT assay and TUNEL method,respectively.Results After treatment with total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves,the proliferation of HepG2 was reduced and its apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner,with statistically significant differences from the control group(P0.01).Conclusion Total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 cultured in vitro.


The new species, Tecomanthe burungu Zich & A.J.Ford (Bignoniaceae) from the Wet Tropics bioregion of north-eastern Queensland is described, illustrated and differentiated from similar and closely related taxa.


Which can be manufactured without simultaneously suppressing the occurrence of the mesa-shaped layout pattern abnormality, such as the use of an etchant type semiconductor device and a manufacturing method limits, there is provided a semiconductor mesa portion, the base portion and electrically conductive contact pads mesa layer, the collector layer includes a semiconductor mesa portion on the substrate, the base layer and the emitter electrode layer and the laminate is used as an active region of a bipolar transistor, the base contact pad and having a mesa portion separated by a predetermined distance from this the same height as the upper surface of the base layer, integrally forming the conductive layer is a base connected to the base layer, the source electrode group in a region near the edge in addition to a base contact pad mesa portion of the upper surface of the base contact pad mesa base electrode is formed on a portion interconnecting the contact pads and the connection electrodes of these electrodes.


In operational control of most industrial systems, two layers, the control layer and the operational layer, exist, and are communicated via networks. Network induced time delays have negative impact on operational control performance. For a class of industrial processes, this paper proposes a method of setpoint dynamic compensation based on output feedback control with network induced stochastic delays. Firstly, given a process, a multi-input multi-output PID controller with an adjustable response speed is designed to stabilize the plant without any steady-state error for setpoint tracking. Secondly, a network stochastic time-delay model is established by analyzing the characteristics of data transmission in the Ethernet, and is used in designing an operational layer controller based on output feedback. In particular, a condition to guarantee asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop system is given. Finally, a simulation experiment in an industrial flotation process is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic efficacy of ultraviolet and microwave combined with moist exposed burn therapy (UMMT) in the treatment of patients with auricle deep burn. Methods Data of thirty-two cases with auricle deep burn involving 64 ears were treated with UMMT and 28 cases involving 56 ears were treated with single moist exposed burn therapy(MT) were collected. The therapeutic effects were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results The total cure rate was 96.9% in the UMMT group. Comparison of the efficacy between the 2 groups revealed that the outcome obtained from the patients of the UMMT group was significantly superior to that in the single MT( P 0.05 ). Conclusion UMMT is superior to single MT in treating auricle deep burn. It can help to reduce the incidence of ear chondritis and deformity.


New mapping of two active transpressional fault zones in the California Continental Borderland, the Santa Cruz‐Catalina Ridge fault and the Ferrelo fault, was carried out to characterize their geometries, using over 4500 line‐km of new multibeam bathymetry data collected in 2010 combined with existing data. Faults identified from seafloor morphology were verified in the subsurface using existing seismic reflection data including single‐channel and multichannel seismic profiles compiled over the past three decades. The two fault systems are parallel and are capable of large lateral offsets and reverse slip during earthquakes. The geometry of the fault systems shows evidence of multiple segments that could experience throughgoing rupture over distances exceeding 100 km. Published earthquake hypocenters from regional seismicity studies further define the lateral and depth extent of the historic fault ruptures. Historical and recent focal mechanisms obtained from first‐motion and moment tensor studies confirm regional strain partitioning dominated by right slip on major throughgoing faults with reverse‐oblique mechanisms on adjacent structures. Transpression on west and northwest trending structures persists as far as 270 km south of the Transverse Ranges; extension persists in the southern Borderland. A logjam model describes the tectonic evolution of crustal blocks bounded by strike‐slip and reverse faults which are restrained from northwest displacement by the Transverse Ranges and the southern San Andreas fault big bend. Because of their potential for dip‐slip rupture, the faults may also be capable of generating local tsunamis that would impact Southern California coastlines, including populated regions in the Channel Islands.


This study was carried out by trawling at depths between 300-601 m in the Mersin Bay (Eastern Mediterranean) between May and June 2014. Seven shrimp species (Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus, Parapenaeus longirostris, Plesionika edwardsii, Plesionika martia, Pasiphae sivado and Pontocaris lacazei) were collected as a result of ten trawl operations with a commercial bottom trawl. The most abundant species were P. longirostris (52.06%), A. foliacea (35.64%) and P. edwardsii (9.50%), representing 97.20% of all captured shrimps. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged from 3.094 kg/h to 9.251 kg/h, with an average value of 5.44 ± 2.01 kg/h for shrimps. A total of 37 fish species (28 teleosts and nine elasmobranchs) were captured. The prevailing fish species in catches were Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Merluccius merluccius and Etmopterus spinax in terms of biomass and Helicolenus dactylopterus, Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Trachurus trachurus and Lepidopus caudatus in terms of abundance. Seventeen or 45.95% of the captured fish species were with commercial value, while the remaining 20 (54.05%) consisted of discard fishes.


Florisbad is a Middle Stone Age locality in the Free State Province, South Africa, well known for an archaic Homo sapiens cranium discovered there in 1932. Whilst substantial work has been accomplished on the materials excavated from this site, there is still more to be learned about the palaeoenvironment from the microvertebrates. In broader terms, the make-up and distribution of the Plio-Pleistocene small animal fauna of the Free State Province is underrepresented relative to other provinces, which negatively impacts our understanding of geographic and temporal ranges of many Plio-Pleistocene taxa. Much of the Florisbad small vertebrate material is fragmentary, with diagnostic elements primarily limited to isolated molars. Analysis of this material found a small but diverse assemblage including springhares, rabbits, rodents and reptiles. The small mammal fauna is dominated by springhares, lagomorphs and otomyine and gerbilline rodents. In agreement with previous research on sediments and large mammal fauna, the small animal fauna described here is consistent with an open, treeless grassland.


Objective To investigate the change of serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and its relation with the change of blood glucose.Methods 20 cases of GDM,19 cases of diabetic mrllitus(DM) and 16 cases of health persons were detected the levels of serum hs-CRP by ELISA,glycosylated hemoglobin A-1(GHbA-1) by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and blood glucose by the biochemial method.The relation between the change of hs-CRP and GHbA-1 with the gestational age of GDM was analyzed.Results The serum concentrations of hs-CRP,GHbA-1 and blood glucose had significant differences among three groups(f=12.041,13.561,26.356;all P 0.001) and the serum oncentrations of hs-CRP in the GDM and DM groups was higher than that in the health control group(P0.01),but the hs-CRP level had no significant difference between the GDM and DM groups.The positive correlation was found between hs-CRP and blood glucose and GHbA-1 in the DM group(r=0.866,0.475;P=0.001,0.04),so did GHbA-1 and blood glucose(r=0.471,P=0.042.In the GDM group,GHbA-1 was positively correlated with blood glucose(r=0.528,P=0.020),but no relation existed between hs-CRP and pregnant weeks(r=0.065,P=0.792).No corelation was found among the various indexes in the normal control group.Conclusion Blood glucose and GHbA-1 levels in the patients with GDM and DM cause high expression of hs-CRP.High hs-CRP could induce insulin resistance and affect the pregnant results


Background—Left ventricular aneurysm repair (LVR) reduces LV wall stress and improves LV function. However, as we reported previously, the initial improvement of LVR was short-term because of LV remodeling but could be maintained longer with postoperative use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been used to treat patients with heart failure by natriuretic and vasodilatory actions. Recent reports have suggested that ANP inhibits the rennin-angiotensin system. In this study, the effects of ANP after LVR were evaluated. Methods and Results—Rats that had an LV aneurysm 4 weeks after left anterior descending artery ligation underwent LVR by plicating the LV aneurysm and were randomized into 2 groups: LVR+A group was intravenously administrated with 10 &mgr;g/h of carperitide, recombinant &agr;-hANP, by osmotic-pump for 4 weeks, and the LVR group was given normal saline. Echocardiography revealed better LV remodeling and function in LVR+A group than in LVR group. Four weeks after LVR, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and Tau were significantly lower in LVR+A group (LVEDP: 10±4 in LVR+A group versus 18±6 mm Hg in LVR group, Tau: 13±2 versus 17±2ms). End-systolic elastance (Ees) was higher in LVR+A group (Ees: 0.34±0.2 versus 0.19±0.11 mm Hg/&mgr;L). The levels of myocardial ACE activity in LVR+A group was significantly lower than in LVR group. The mRNA expressions of brain natriuretic peptide and transforming growth factor &bgr;1 inducing fibrosis significantly decreased in LV myocardium in LVR+A group. Histologically, myocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced in LVR+A group. Conclusions—Intravenous administration of ANP had beneficial effects on LV remodeling, function, and fibrosis after LVR. ANP could be a useful intravenous infusion drug for postoperative management after LV repair surgery.


The aim of this paper is to explore how the detailed analysis of two jokes may illuminate a comprehensive theory of Cognitive Poetics. Cognitive Poetics is an interdisciplinary approach to the study ofliterature employing the tools offered by cognitive science: it explores how poetic language, or critical decisions are constrained and shaped by human informationprocessing. One of its fundamental assumptions is, that in the response to literature adaptive and other cognitive devices (such äs speech and language processing) are turned to aesthetic ends. Another assumption is, that in the response to literature adaptive and other cognitive processes are delayed, or disrupted in some other manner. An important issue in literary theory concerns the relationship between impressionistic and analytic criticism. Cognitive Poetics attempts to relate human qualities andperceived effects to verbal and literary structures in a principled and systematic manner. This it does by offering some hypothesis concerning the cognitive structures and processes mediating between them. It is claimed here, that neither in psychology, nor in the cognitive study ofart is sufficient attention paid to the distinction between the functioning of cognitive mechanisms and its unique conscious quality. This papers answers are given to questions and problems raised outside humor research, in the study of esthetics in general, and in the study of literature inparticular. In this sense Jokes are treatedas works of verbal art ofa minimal size and honor jokes äs constituting a literary genre in its own right. Shift of mental sets, the main cognitive device in the response to jokes, is responsible for a wide ränge of literary phenomena. One crucial question to which this paper addresses itselfis, whether—and in what manner—does the familiarity with conventions affect the reader's response. In this respct, Humor 2-3 (1989), 243-255. 0933-1719/89/0001-0243 $2.00 © Mouton de Gruyter


Cacao pod shells (Theobroma cacao L) form biomass waste that can be used as raw material for liquid smoke because this biomass contains lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. This research studied the antimicrobial activity of liquid smoke from cacao pod shells on several common food-borne pathogens, such as Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The liquid smoke used was obtained from cacao pod shells that were pyrolyzed at 300 °C (T1), 340 °C (T2), and 380 °C (T3). Liquid smoke concentration varied from 1% to 5%. The antbacterial activity test was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer method. The results showed that liquid smoke produced from T1 and T2 (and at liquid smoke concentrations of 4% and 5%) could inhibit the growth of all the tested bacteria. At T3 and 1–5% of liquid smoke, only E. coli was consistently inhibited (inhibition zone = 6–7.05 mm), while the growth of S. choleraesuis and S. aureus was inhibited at 3–5% liquid smoke with the inhibition zone ranging from 6 mm to 7.2 mm. B. subtilis was inhibited by a 2–5% liquid smoke concentration. All the tested bacteria showed sensitivity to liquid smoke, but E. coli was the stronger resistant compared to others. The results of this study show that liquid smoke from cacao pod shells could be used as a preservative agent to inhibit microorganisms in food.


Abstract A new boundary-type meshfree collection method, namely the virtual boundary element-free Galerkin method (VBEFGM), is demonstrated for three-dimension (3-D) multi-domain steady-state heat conduction problems. The virtual source functions of the virtual nodes are constructed by the radial basis function interpolation. And the virtual and real boundaries are discreted into the virtual and real nodes. 3-D multi-domain steady-state heat conduction problems are solved without the background integral element by VBEFGM. Using the Galerkin method to obtain the formula of VBEFGM, the proposed method has the advantages of the virtual boundary element-free method, the meshfree collection method and the Galerkin method. It is easily programed and extended to solve other more complicated 3-D heat conduction problems, since the detailed calculation scheme is deduced and shown. Two numerical examples of the boundary conditions varying with the space are computed. The computational results are compared with other numerical methods. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are validated for 3-D multi-domain steady-state heat conduction problems.


Justine Riccomini and Ian Grant will attempt to unravel the current hot topics in employment tax and slay a few myths in the process in a discussion group meeting on 28 March at CA House, Edinburgh.


This study examines the impact of a Danish policy change that intended to 'make work pay' for married immigrant women receiving social assistance. According to new regulations adopted in 2006, married social benefit recipients in jobless households were required to work 300 hours within a two year period in order to remain eligible for social assistance. In the case of non-compliance, one spouse would lose the benefit entitlements (about 18,000? yearly). We have some evidence that the new rules did have an impact, but the central question of this paper is how economic incentives may influence the labour market integration of groups with low employability? In order to answer this question I pursue a qualitative research approach contrasting two theoretical explanations. One that relates to the effect on the immigrant women, and another that focuses on changes in the behaviour of social welfare workers. The analysis suggests that the strong economic incentives did speed up job search efforts and made these women less choosy, but due to employment barriers, it was often difficult to 'transform' the increased job wish into employment. Moreover, this policy intensified the cross-pressure of social welfare workers which fostered an atmosphere of emergency and a break with past coping-behaviour. All in all this study questions the impact of economic incentives towards groups with low employability, but highlights the potential role of social welfare workers.


This paper analyses the existing difficulties and producing causes of the county-level library in the undeveloped areas,and puts forward that the county-level library ought to promote humanistic tradition and tamp the base of professional works,do a lot of preparative works such as sense,legislation and planning in order to push forward the development of county-level librarianship.


Since the all-round open in Chinese express market to the foreign companies,all state-owned and private express companies have experienced a great impact by the competition of foreign express companies such as FedEx and UPS,which results in an ongoing slide in the market share.This paper firstly analyzes the development and the present state of express market in China.Then based on an analysis of the abilities competition situation,the present competitors and relative forces which may influence the competitive of Chinese express companies,this paper proposs key solutions to improve competitive abilities,such as the government's encouragement,self-innovation of the system in the state-owned and private express companies and the brand building.


It has been reported that shallow thermal donors (STDs) are formed in oxygen-rich silicon (Si) crystals preannealed in nitrogen gas (N-gas-doped) and also in hydrogen-doped (H-doped) oxygen-rich Si crystals. The STDs formed in these crystals exhibit very similar electronic structures. Experiments using far-infrared optical absorption showed that several hydrogen-like STDs were formed at the same time and their energy levels in both the above-mentioned crystals were very similar. It has also been reported that the g-values of the STDs formed in both the crystals were identical. On the basis of electron–nucleus double resonance results, it has been strongly suggested that a hydrogen impurity is incorporated as a structural element of the STDs formed in the H-doped Si crystals. However, the origin of the STDs that are formed in N-gas-doped Si crystals is still unclear. To clarify this point, hydrogen detection in N-gas-doped Si was conducted and the annealing behaviors of STDs in N-gas-doped Si and H-doped Si were compared by electron spin resonance and far-infrared optical absorption measurement. It was concluded that the origin of the STDs formed in N-gas-doped Si crystals is not related to the hydrogen impurity.


Abstract A cascade-type energy conversion diagram is proposed for the purpose of diagnosing the atmospheric general circulation based on wave–mean flow interactions. Mass-weighted isentropic zonal means facilitate the expression of nongeostrophic wave effects, conservation properties, and lower boundary conditions. To gain physical insights into energetics based on the nonacceleration theorem, the wave energy W is defined as the sum of the eddy available potential energy PE and the eddy kinetic energy KE. The mainstream of the energy cascade is as follows: The diabatic heating produces the zonal mean available potential energy PZ, which is converted into the zonal mean kinetic energy KZ through the mean meridional circulation. The KZ is mainly converted to W through zonal wave–mean flow interactions and the rest is dissipated through friction. Not only the dynamical conversion but also the diabatic heating generates W, which is dissipated through friction. A diagnosis package is designed to analyze actual...


The purpose of this article is to identify obstacles in the teaching and learning process carried out online in MTs NU Ngantang, where the teaching and learning process is carried out at home due to the Covid-19 epidemic. An obstacle to the teaching and learning process carried out at home is not only experienced by students, but also by educators and parents alike. There are obstacles for students because some students still do not understand using internet technology including facilities that are not available. There is an obstacle that is troubling parents, namely the increased expense of expenses due to internet quota costs. Constraints for teachers because they have to communicate and coordinate with parents, other teachers, and the principal without face to face


In M.I. Finley's The Ancient Economy, the Hellenistic period is studiously and deliberately avoided. Finley's avowed reason for doing so was that this period saw the coexistence of two distinct economic sectors, an 'ancient' (viz. Graeco-Roman) and an 'Oriental' sector (Finley 1999 [orig. 1973]: 183). The former could be understood (so Finley argued) as a unified whole stretching from the time of Homer to that of Justinian; what bound it together was an elite mentality that remained, in his view, remarkably stable over time. Forty-five years on, the picture looks strikingly different. Manning's thesis, which synthesises much recent work on ancient economic history, entails both blowing apart Finley's unified ancient economy into many regional economies, and joining them together into a broader, interconnected Eurasian world focused on the Mediterranean Sea and encompassing far more than just Greece and Rome (however broadly defined), by plotting a dense web of connections that sped ideas, people, and objects across this expanse.


Basic principles and typical analysis steps of finite element method(FEM) were introduced.A method of analyzing the strength of panel furniture,aided by special software was put forward.It was illustrated that the method exhibited characteristics of quick response to get answers and the visualized results.It can improve the means of design and analysis,as well as the efficiency.


Threshold-photoelectron coincidence spectra and threshold-photoelectron spectra are measured for Kr and Xe in the energy regions 105–127 and 75–100 eV, respectively. Kr 21 3d4p and Xe 4d5p doubly charged ion states are observed, and also Kr 1 3d4pnl and Xe 4d5pnl satellite states. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation in electron spectroscopy of doubly charged ion states where one hole occurs in an inner shell and another in a valence shell. The results are compared with theoretical calculations performed with an algebraic Green's-function method, and also with previous experimental information from Auger electron spectroscopy.


focus on the earliest years of reform. An analysis of the reemergence of local cadres as an economic and political force in the later reform period would have greatly improved this book. Despite its shortcomings, How the Farmers Changed China makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the role of rural people in contemporary Chinese politics. It demonstrates that policy making in China (as in other countries) is often reactive and sometimes little more than state acquiescence to powerful social forces. The book also dispels the myth of the passive Chinese peasant. Zhou lays the blame for such misconceptions at the feet of Chinese intellectuals who know little and care less about the peasantry. She might just as accurately have included foreign political scientists trained in theoretical frameworks (from Modernization to Marxism) which assume that rural people are always a declining force in industrial societies. In the future, we can hope that Kate Xiao Zhou will broaden her analysis to include a more complex state/society equation and a recognition of the multifaceted position of local cadres in rural China.


The upgrade of the national network of next-generation weather surveillance radars (NEXRAD) in the United States to dual polarizations has been completed, providing three additional routine data products: total differential phase (ψDP), differential reflectivity (ZDR), and copolar correlation coefficient (ρHV). The application and interpretation of these products in the context of aerial bird, bat, and insect movements is an actively developing research front, with potential implications for ecological and conservation studies. The following conceptually derives the definition of these products specifically for NEXRAD weather surveillance radars in the case of biological scatterers. Several cases are presented that illustrate characteristic values and variability of polarimetric quantities for birds and insects, and highlight site-specific differences within the NEXRAD network. Finally, a short prospectus of future directions and applications within the field of polarimetric radar aeroecology is outlined.


Changes to current emission control systems and electronic computer controlled systems represent new emission control technology. This paper addresses the I/M situation as related to these system changes. Results of tests on a prototype system are presented. Parameter inspection and the utilization of built-in diagnostics on future systems have the potential to maximize the effectiveness of I/M programs.


. According to the research results the necessity of taking into account the complementarity of pedagogical knowledge about pedagogical activities in the implementation of the didactic support of teachers' professional development is postulated in pedagogy. Arguments for the implementation of the principle of taking into account the complementarity of pedagogical knowledge to ensure the effectiveness of didactic support for teachers in modern conditions of postgraduate pedagogical education are given. Information technology tools, which allow us to implement this principle in the didactic support of teachers' professional development, are characterized.


The invention olefin polymerization, flow-directed to a method for preventing or reducing polymer agglomeration and / or accumulation of the layers on the periphery of the gas distribution grid or to the reactor. This method is one or more Scar wooring view flow-introducing to the top of the gas distribution grid of the bed reactor; And a step of performing the polymerization of olefins in the presence of the Ball Scar wooring. The present invention also provides a base polymer agglomeration and / or accumulation on the distribution grid is reduced, the flow-directed to a method for polymerizing olefins in the reactor floor.


The utility model discloses a power distribution network fault positioning system. The power distribution network fault positioning system comprises a main station, fault indicators with built-in micro-power wireless modules, the built-in micro-power wireless modules and an acquisition terminal of a GPRS module; and communication is performed between the fault indicators in a micro-power wireless manner, the fault indicators is in wireless communication with the acquisition terminal in a micro-power wireless manner, and the acquisition terminal is in communication with the main station in a GPRS manner. The fault indicators having a micro-power communication function can perform wireless communication with the acquisition terminal, and the communication can also be performed between the fault indicators in the micro-power wireless manner; in the condition that the fault indicators are damaged or increased, the matching proportional number of acquisition terminals are not needed to be increased, and information of the fault indicators in the system can also be received through adjustments of the communication path main station, so equipment installation and maintenance are simple; and the GPRS communication expense is also greatly reduced, and the overall cost performance of the system is improved.


A novel vertical RRAM for 3D cross-point architecture is proposed. The design and optimization issues of the proposed vertical RRAM for 3D cross-point architecture array are addressed from both device and array levels. A double layer stacked HfOx based vertical RRAM devices with interface engineering fabricated using a cost-effective fabrication process. The excellent performances such as low reset current, fast switching speed, high switching endurance and disturbance immunity, good retention and self-selectivity are demonstrated in the fabricated HfOx based vertical RRAM devices. The opimized design guidances for the 3D cross-point architecture array are presented.


Rich galaxy clusters are powerful probes of both cosmological and galaxy evolution parameters. The CNOC cluster survey was primarily designed to distinguish between Ω = 1 and Ω ≃ 0.2 cosmologies. Projected foreground and background galaxies provide a field sample of comparable size. The results strongly support a low-density universe. The luminous cluster galaxies are about 10-30% fainter, depending on color, than the comparable field galaxies, but otherwise they show a slow and nearly parallel evolution. On the average, there is no excess star formation when galaxies fall into clusters. These data provide the basis for a simple Λ measurement using the survey's clusters and the field data. The errors in Ω M , Ω Λ , σ 8 and galaxy evolution parameters could be reduced to a few percent with a sample of a few hundred clusters spread over the 0 < z < 1 range.


Small and medium businesses (SMEs) are critical to any country's national economic development. On the other hand, SMEs confront a considerable difficulty in succession planning: the lack of or inefficiency/ineffectiveness of succession planning. As a result, this quantitative correlational study aimed to evaluate the influence of succession planning on the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. To reach the research goal, the study used a quantitative correlational research design. Data were collected from 140 respondents involved in SMEs from nine districts and municipal assemblies from the Bono, Ahafo and Bono East Regions of Ghana. The results revealed that most of the respondents, 113 (80.64%), agreed that employees or possible successors might leave the organisation for a better offer and 106 (75.71%) respondents indicated that owners of SMEs do not think about succession plan until there is a crisis. The results also showed that succession plan explains nearly (50%); thus, half the chances of survival of an SME in the Bono, Ahafo and Bono East regions are dependent on succession planning. There was a significant difference in succession plan practices among the different year groups of SMEs. The result also demonstrated no statisti-cally significant difference in the service and manufacturing industries' succession planning practices among the SMEs surveyed. It is recommended that business owners, policymakers and the state should support SMEs in succession


Objective A comparative study of laparoscopic and laparotomy myomectomy therapy effect Methods 200 patients with myoma of uterus were randomly divided into two groups: laparoscopic myomectomy group(group LM, 124 cases) and laparotomy myomectomy group(group TAM, 76 cases), the effect of the operation were compared between the two groups Results The operation time of LM group was signifi cantly longer than that in the control group, but the amount of bleeding, anal exhaust time, hospitalization time after surgery was significantlyless than that in TAM group(P005); and incidence were significantly lower than TAM group LM grouppostoperative analgesia(P005); rate and recurrence rate of no signifi cant difference between the two groups ofresidues after operation(P005) Conclusion LM compared to TAM with less trauma, little pain, rapid postoperative recovery and other advantages, has the advantages of good clinical application


A series of donor–acceptor (D–A) tricoordinated organoboron derivatives (1–10) have been systematically investigated for thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF)-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. The calculated results show that the designed molecules exhibit small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) values. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis indicated that the designed molecules display an efficient separation between donor and acceptor fragments because of a small overlap between donor and acceptor fragments on HOMOs and LUMOs. Furthermore, the delayed fluorescence emission color can be tuned effectively by introduction of different polycyclic aromatic fragments in parent molecule 1. The calculated results show that molecules 2, 3, and 4 possess more significant Stokes shifts and red emission with small ΔEST values. Nevertheless, other molecules exhibit green (1, 7, and 8), light green (6 and 10), and blue (5 and 9) emissions. Meanwhile, they are potential ambipolar charge transport materials except that 4 and 10 can serve as electron and hole transport materials only, respectively. Therefore, we proposed a rational way for the design of efficient TADF materials as well as charge transport materials for OLEDs simultaneously.


Diffusion-based models for text-to-image generation have gained immense popularity due to recent advancements in efficiency, accessibility, and quality. Although it is becoming increasingly feasible to perform inference with these systems using consumer-grade GPUs, training them from scratch still requires access to large datasets and significant computational resources. In the case of medical image generation, the availability of large, publicly accessible datasets that include text reports is limited due to legal and ethical concerns. While training a diffusion model on a private dataset may address this issue, it is not always feasible for institutions lacking the necessary computational resources. This work demonstrates that pre-trained Stable Diffusion models, originally trained on natural images, can be adapted to various medical imaging modalities by training text embeddings with textual inversion. In this study, we conducted experiments using medical datasets comprising only 100 samples from three medical modalities. Embeddings were trained in a matter of hours, while still retaining diagnostic relevance in image generation. Experiments were designed to achieve several objectives. Firstly, we fine-tuned the training and inference processes of textual inversion, revealing that larger embeddings and more examples are required. Secondly, we validated our approach by demonstrating a 2\% increase in the diagnostic accuracy (AUC) for detecting prostate cancer on MRI, which is a challenging multi-modal imaging modality, from 0.78 to 0.80. Thirdly, we performed simulations by interpolating between healthy and diseased states, combining multiple pathologies, and inpainting to show embedding flexibility and control of disease appearance. Finally, the embeddings trained in this study are small (less than 1 MB), which facilitates easy sharing of medical data with reduced privacy concerns.


Objective
Establishing a rat fracture model of fumer, to observe the effects of the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway on the healing of femoral fractures in rats.

Methods
50 Spragu-Dawley (SD)rats of 4 weeks old were selected, andestablish the fracture model of the right femur and were randomly divided into two group: the experimental group was given gefitinib [100 mg/(kg·d)] dissolved in 0.5% methyl cellulose by intragastric administration, and the control group was given 0.5% methyl cellulose. X-ray examming after 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days of fracture and femoral specimens were collected. Evaluation of fracture healing by using Lane and Sandhu radiographic scoring and the Image J software was used to evaluate callus diameter. Then the differences of bone healing between the two groups were compared by pathological section of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses and biomechanical testing.

Results
The X-ray score of the experimental group were higher and the maximum diameter of callus were lower than those in the control group on the 7 (t=2.234, P=0.031, t=2.874, P=0.006), 14 day (t=2.133, P=0.040, t=2.609, P=0.015)and 21 day (t=2.869, P=0.008, t=2.872, P=0.028) after the fracture but not on 28 and 42 days. HE staining showed that in the experimental group the callus tissue especially cartilage callus were significantly bigger than the control group at 7, 14, 21 day, and the fracture healing process of the experimental group was faster than that of the control group. Micro-CT examination showed that the levels of Bone Volume (BV) were higher than those of the control group at 14 (t=3.317, P=0.016) and 21 days (t=3.025, P=0.023), BV/TV were higher than those of the control group at 14 (t=2.967, P=0.025), 21 days (t=2.465, P=0.049) and 28 days (t=3.607, P=0.011), Tb. N (Trabecular Number) were higher than those of the control group at 14 (t=3.436, P=0.014), 21 days (t=3.830, P=0.009)and 28 days (t=2.872, P=0.02), Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th) were higher than those of the control group at 14 (t=3.137, P=0.020), 21 days (t=2.607, P=0.040) and 28 days (t=2.6932, P=0.036), Trabecular Separation (Tb.Sp) were higher than those of the control group at 21 days (t=2.488, P=0.047) after fracture. Biomechanical examination showed that the maximum load (t=10.846, P=0.000) and stiffness of the 21 days (t=3.868, P=0.018) after fracture were better than that of the control group, the maximum load at 28 days (t=3.753, P=0.020) and the destruction energy of the 42 days (t=2.927, P=0.043)were higher than that of the control group.

Conclusion
Inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway could promote the healing of femoral fractures in rats.

Key words:
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Femoral fracture; Fracture healing


For verifying a high fidelity helicopter flight dynamics model, a method from past experiences is introduced in this article, it will be a guideline to the high fidelity helicopter modeling. The results of flight dynamics model test items like trims, linearizations, and dynamic responses to pilot controls are processed, and some rules for a judgment of the total flight dynamics model are gained.The results of the full states nonlinear model and the reduced order model are compared with those of the full states linear model. And application scopes of these different models are explained with the contrastive calculation. More details of the flying qualities analysis method in the frequency and time fields are introduced, and the future modeling and flight simulation model investigation are all based on these analysis.


VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING aims to give an insight on latest techniques for the representation of a Virtual Prototype. The main areas of interest concern with technologies and applications for Virtual and Augmented Reality, methods for interaction with the virtual prototype, DMU (Digital Mock Up), functional analysis of assemblies, techniques of multibody simulation and analysis and Virtual Humans. VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING aims to give an insight on latest techniques for the representation of a Virtual Prototype. The main areas of interest concern with technologies and applications for Virtual and Augmented Reality, methods for interaction with the virtual prototype, DMU (Digital Mock Up), functional analysis of assemblies, techniques of multibody simulation and analysis and Virtual Humans.


This paper focuses on analyzing and summarizing the process of the specific fields and special situations of audio-visual products and machine-readable materials operate.


Influenced by the macroscopical economy and natural resources,Yangtse Delta area were limited by energy,raw materials,transportation,land,water since 2002.To achieve an international competition ability and to develop into high-tech region and advanced manufacture region,the Yangtse Delta area necessitates the technical innovation and new-style industrialization and then ensures the sustainable development under the limitation of resources.