An E-ink(Electronic-ink) display panel and an active array substrate are provided to improve the display quality of a display device by forming a pixel electrode to overlap a thin film transistor. A plurality of scan lines(212) and data lines(213) are formed on a substrate. A plurality of pixel structures are electrically connected to the data lines and the scan lines such that the pixel structures are driven by the scan lines and the data lines. Each of the pixel structures includes a bottom-gate thin film transistor(2141) having a gate electrode(2141a), a gate dielectric layer, a channel layer(2141c), and source and drain electrodes. The gate electrode is electrically connected to one of the scan lines, and the source is electrically connected to one of the data lines. A pixel electrode(2143) partially overlaps the channel layer, wherein the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor substrate. An opposite substrate is opposite to the active array substrate. A display medium is interposed between the active array substrate and the opposite substrate. A common electrode is positioned between the substrate and the display medium.


The aging tendency has increasingly worsen supporting problems in China,particularly the problems in rural areas.In order to solve these problems,most parts of the country are carrying out home-based care for the aged.Based on field research of rural elders,a conclusion is drawn that they know something about home-based care and are willing to accept the service,while the demand for services vary.


Using a model of underwater acoustic waveguide with a periodic range dependence, travel times of chaotic rays at long-range sound propagation in the ocean are studied. It is shown that the travel time as a function of the initial momentum and propagation range in the unperturbed (range-independent) waveguide displays a scaling law. Some properties predicted by this law still persist in periodically nonuniform waveguides with chaotic ray trajectories. Ray tracing has demonstrated that the coexistence of chaotic and regular rays causes an appearance of a gap in the timefront, representing ray arrivals in the time–depth plane. Besides the gap, a "focusing" of ray travel times has been found within a comparatively small temporal interval preceding the gap. In numerical simulation of a sound pulse propagation this phenomenon reveals itself in the appearance of a bright spot in the distribution of acoustic energy in the time–depth plane. It has been shown that the effect of focusing is a manifestation of the so...


Objectives: We tested the effects of the three forms of basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals (octacalcium phosphate (OCP), carbonate-substituted apatite (CA) and hydroxyapatite (HA)) on monocytes and macrophages on IL-1β secretion. The requirement for the NALP3 inflammasome and TLR2 and TLR4 receptors in this acute response was analyzed.


Interviews and interrogations are important tools for securing convictions against the guilty and freeing the wrongly accused. As a response to the agitation of human rights activists in Nigeria on the latter, there have been efforts by the Nigeria Police to reconceptualise what transpires between men of the institution and suspects during investigations. As such, the institution now adopts, in principle, a more humane and non-coercive approach known as questioning at the expense of the much criticised approach known as interrogation in getting information and confession from suspects. In practice, however, not much demarcation has been made between the two terms and the third related one, interview. While this is obvious from keen observation, various existing works have glossed over it. This work therefore sets to attempt a conceptualisation of these three, with a view to ascertaining their place in the vocabulary of the Nigeria Police.


AN INCREASING AMOUNT of interest has been shown in the use of systemic insecticides to control cattle grubs since organophosphate compounds were introduced for this purpose over ten years ago. No other class of compounds has yet demonstrated animal systemic insecticidal activity. These compounds have been shown to be effective in the elimination or reduction of immature grubs in the host. Another factor that has contributed to their increased use is the favorable history of safety. Any procedure as widely employed as the application of systemic insecticides for grub control is likely to have some adverse effects attributed to its use. Careful investigation of a large number of the cases in which an adverse effect has been observed has shown the etiological agent to be something other than an organophosphate compound (5, 11).


We are interested in continuous-time, denumerable state controlled Markov chains (CMCs), with compact Borel action sets, and possibly unbounded transition and reward rates, under the discounted reward optimality criterion. For such CMCs, we propose a definition of a sequence of control models {Mn} converging to a given control model M, which ensures that the discount optimal reward and policies of Mn converge to those of M. As an application, we propose a finite-state and finite-action truncation technique of the original control model M, which is illustrated by approximating numerically the optimal reward and policy of a controlled population system with catastrophes. We study the corresponding convergence rates.


Theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept of "development of mountain areas" are considered in the article. It is given proper interpretation of the studied concepts that justified by certain conditions and specific properties of areas that affect the everyday human activities. It is proposed substantiation of depressed areas, particularly those where for a long time is occurred narrowed reproduction of unwanted economic social and environmental fields, or for areas required constant donor support for a long time.


Various characteristics of 128 men and 85 women, less than 50 years old and suffering from ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, were analysed. Cigarette smoking was 1.5 times as common in men and 3 times as common in women as in an average Finnish population of the same age. The prevalence of the use of oral contraceptive at the time of the cerebrovascular accident was 2.5 times as high as for women of childbearing age in South Finland. The average relative weight of men and women did not differ from the "ideal weight" of the Finnish population, but overweight persons (more than 110 % of the ideal weight) were twice as numerous as underweight persons (less than 90 % of the ideal weight). Hypertension was in men, about 2.5 times and in women, 1.5 times as frequent as in a large Finnish population study but these prevalences must be regarded as underestimates because hospitalization tends to reduce blood pressure values. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were encountered frequently. Compared with the results of a population study for men in the 40‐49 years age group Q‐waves were encountered 7.5 times as frequently, S‐T depression 12 times, T‐wave negativity 4 times and tall R‐waves twice as frequently. It seems that cigarette smoking, use of oral contraceptives, hypertension and electrocardiographic abnormalities are associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in young persons. The role of overweight is obscure.


The Jerusalem Temple plays a very important role in the works of Josephus. This chapter details about the descriptions of the building and the whole area. The temple itself once more with the previous model of the tent in relationship. Especially in the very first description of the tent in the desert used Josephus detail the symbolic power of the Comparisons with nature, universe and world order. The tent and its symbolism are the same for the temple in Jerusalem. That's on the one hand a fundamental development of what it generally presupposes also later for the temple and its importance. On the other hand, he can at the tent does not include the subtleness of the gates, temples sunrises and insights of the great temple area with so that he must be in principle open to other symbolic content. Keywords: Jerusalem temple; Josephus; symbolism; tent


The invention provides an image device reorientation method and system based on desktop virtualization. The system comprises a virtual machine, a virtual desktop server and a terminal device in data connection with the virtual desktop server. The virtual machine comprises an image application unit, a function drive unit, an image transmission and application unit B, a UHF assembly and a USB concentrator. A user terminal comprises an image transmission and application unit A, a function drive unit and an image device, wherein the image transmission and application unit A is used for grasping each frame of image produced by the image device through the function drive unit of the image device and transmitting the image to the corresponding image transmission and application unit B of the virtual machine through a network. The image transmission and application unit B is used for transmitting each frame of received image to the UHF assembly to be stored. The image application unit is used for obtaining image data on a USB assembly through the function drive unit of the virtual machine and playing the image data in the form of videos. By means of the method and system, the transmission problem of the image device is solved.


In this investigation, the structural design properties of concrete were characterized. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were measured at different ages. In addition, modulus of elastic...


Central bank policy operates first through financial markets and then through banks as they adjust their interest rates. This chapter discusses the transmission of policy in this first step of the monetary transmission mechanism, known as interest-rate pass-through. Historically, the focus of attention has been the interest-rate channel. We show the origins of this channel via a microfounded model of interest-rate setting by deposit-taking institutions that are Cournot oligopolists facing adjustment costs. We then examine other channels such as the bank lending channel and the bank capital channel and the role of central bank communications, signaling, and forward guidance over future interest rates. Each is shown to influence the setting of current short-term interest rates. The chapter closes with some issues for the future of pass-through in the transmission process.


Kmeria septentrionalis, the member of Magnoliaceae and endangered plant only locates in Maolan national Nature Reserve of GuiZhou province and Mulun national Nature Reserve of GuangXi province, was listed first-grade State protection plant. Through inspecting, 1000 grain seed weight was 121.591g, seed purity was 64.24% and seed moisture was 18.027%, seed vitality tested by TTC (0.1%) was 74.33%. In order to study the effect of water, Ca(superscript 2+) and soil pH on Kmeria septentrionalis seed germination, Kmeria septentrionalis seeds were put at 15, 20, 25, 30℃ constant temperature and poikilothermic treatment, ie day/night was 20/15, 25/15, 30/15℃. Results indicated that Kmeria septentrionalis seed germination percentage was relative high at 15℃ and 20℃, Kmeria septentrionalis seeds germination was the highest at poikilothermic treatment (20/15℃), 43.3%. Different Ca(superscript 2+) concentration had different effect on Kmeria septentrionalis seeds germination, When Ca(superscript 2+) concentration was 0.7%, Kmeria septentrionalis seeds germination was the highest, 26.67%, but lower than that of ck. PEG stress had obvious effect on Kmeria septentrionalis seeds germination, Kmeria septentrionalis germination decreased obviously to lower than that of ck when PEG concentration was higher 2.5%. Using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0 imitating the different soil pH to treat Kmeria septentrionalis seed. Results showed that: when the pH7.0-7.5, Kmeria septentrionalis seeds germination rate was up to the maximum, 44.44%, this outcome indicated that the most suitable pH for Kmeria septentrionalis seed germination was 7.0-7.5.


Structural phases of silver azide have been studied by the methods of functional theory of local electron density with gradient approximation of exchange correlation potential by the program code CRYSTAL06. The possibility of existence of tetragonal symmetry phases as well as orthorhombic one in which the nitrogen molecules and the chains of covalently bound atoms of silver and nitrogen, practically non interacting to each other, are structural elements, is shown. Elastic constants of such crystal do not meet the requirements of mechanical stability. The band gap width in it equals 0,02 eV.


...................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. III ثحبلا ةصلاخ ......................................................................................................................... IX NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................ IX LIST OF FIGURES AND TABELS .............................................................................. IX CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Problem Statement ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives .................................................................................... 3 1.4 Dissertation Organization ............................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER TWO: Wind Tunnels Review ....................................................................... 5 2.1 What is Wind Tunnel .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 History of Wind Tunnel ............................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Air Flow in Wind Tunnel ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Wind Tunnel Application ........................................................................................... 7 2.2 Elements of Wind Tunnel.............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Types of Wind Tunnel ................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Electrical Concerns ......................................................................................................11 2.5 Measurements of Parameters ...................................................................................... 12


The ANZACS‐QI Cardiac Implanted Device Registry (ANZACS‐QI DEVICE) collects nationwide data on cardiac implantable electronic devices in New Zealand (NZ). We used the registry to describe contemporary NZ use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).


The utility model relates to an oil pan clamp, belonging to the field of clamps. The oil pan clamp is characterized by comprising a supporting table, wherein a supporting seat is arranged in the middle of the supporting table; and two sides of the supporting table are respectively provided with a lifting device, the top of each lifting device is connected with a rotational support, and the end pat of each rotational support is provided with a fixing pin. According to the oil pan clamp disclosed by the utility model, the movable fixing pins are used for fixing an oil pan arranged on the support seat, and thus, the subsequent operation is further facilitated.


Lewis acidic ionic liquid choline chloride·2ZnCl 2 is shown to be for the first time an excellent medium and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of N-alkyl- and N-arylimides in good yields under mild conditions.


In a class of informed principal problems with common values often used in applications we de…fine a particular mechanism which we call the assured allocation. It is always undominated, i.e. efficient among the different types of the principal. We show it is a perfect Bayesian equilibrium allocation of the three-stage game studied in Maskin and Tirole (1992) that coincides with the Rothschild-Stiglitz- Wilson allocation when the latter is undominated. Under familiar conditions on hazard rates we show that the assured allocation is a neutral optimum in the sense of Myerson (1983).


Layered singlet paired superconductors with disorder and broken time reversal symmetry are studied focusing on edge states and the corresponding quantum Hall effects. We find quantum Hall phases with spin Hall coefficients of σ xy = 0, 2 separated by a spin metal phase. We identify a spin metal-insulator localization exponent as well as a spin conductivity exponent of ≈ 0.96. In presence of a Zeeman term an additional σ xy = 1 phase appears. The phase diagram, in terms of the average intergrain transmission and the interlayer tunneling, demonstrates charge-spin separation in transport. PACS: 73.20.Fz, 72.15.Rn, 73.43.-f


The set-up and use of ground validation testing facilities from the early phases of the missions can provide a very valuable feedback to the equipment and technologies being developed. The validation activities of the ground testing facilities are key to the usability and confidence of the results obtained from them. GMV's platform-art dynamic test bench has already been validated (for navigation purposes based on optical cameras) with flight data coming from PRISMA mission through the PRISMA-HARVD experiment. In addition, platform-art dynamic test bench is currently being extended thanks to ESA loan of several new devices, including a new high-span KUKA robotic arm, which will extend the functionality of the current test bench. On the other hand, ESA has established an air-bearing facility known as ORBIT (Orbit Robotics Bench for Integrated Technology). The facility located within ESTEC's Automation and Robotic laboratories provides several air-bearing platforms which can move frictionless on a 45 m2 flat floor. The in-space Robotic Servicing Physical Assessment (ROSPA) is a study with the purpose of recreating and studying the dynamics during/after contact between target and chaser in a rendezvous and capture mission. The data of the experiments run in the platform-art (GMV) and in ORBIT (ESA) will be used for a cross-validation of the facilities. Two different scenarios have been setup in both facilities: simple contact and gripping scenario. In the simple contact scenario a Mitsubishi PA10 robotic arm approaches the specifically designed mock-up mounted on the air-bearing (or on a KUKA robotic arm, in platform-art) and touches it through a compliance device and a load cell to measure the contact forces and torques. In the gripping scenario the compliance device is replaced by a gripping device, which after an open loop trajectory attempts the gripping of a Launch Adapter Ring (LAR) mock-up. In the scope of the activity also another functionality of the platform-art facility is exploited: the space-like environment simulation. This functionality has been developed and demonstrated in the frames of previous collaborations between ESA and GMV, for projects such as NEOGNC (Interplanetary mission, MarcoPolo-R) and ANDROID (Active Debris removal mission). The output of this activity is a data base of representative images taken during an open loop sequence of the robotic arm approach and the gripping with the LAR of a mock-up of the TANGO spacecraft (the 2nd spacecraft of the Swedish PRISMA mission). The representativeness of the images in such a close range scenario is meant in terms of illumination conditions and disturbances recreated in laboratory like fuel on lens, micro pieces of MLI floating and thruster plume in the Camera FoV.


Fas-associated death domain protein is a key adaptor protein which takes part in a series of signaling pathways within a cell, including the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways and the pathway of necroptosis. UVB irradiation can induce cell death through DNA damage, by directly activating cell surface receptors and through formation of reactive oxigen species. This paper examined the effect of FADD protein in the cell death responce after 300 J/m2 UVB irradiation. Wild type cells and cells lacking the FADD protein were treated with a pancaspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk, which inhibits apoptosis, a RIP1 kinase inhibitor necrostatin-1, which inhibits necroptosis and with both of the treatments simultaneously. Populations of living cells, of early apoptotic cells and of cells in late aapoptosis/necrosis were detected with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected with DNA electrophoresis. The activity of caspases-3, -8 and -9 was examined using colorimetric supstrates. Western blot immunodetection was used to detect PARP-1, PARP-2 and serine 15 phosphorilated p53 proteins. Polymerase chain reaction in real time was used to examine the activity of BAX and BCL-2 genes. The results show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts die after irradiation through the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis and through the pathway of necroptosis. There is a possibility that an alternative cell death pathway is activated after the inhibition of necroptosis. FADD-/- knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts show decreased survival after irradiation. The results for this type of cells show the presence of apoptosis and necroptosis, but not as dominant cell death pathways.


Nine aphasic and nine nonaphasic subjects participated in a probability learning problem in which they attempted to track changing reinforcement ratios on two manipulanda. During portions of the pr...


Abstract The purpose of US foreign assistance has shifted in the wake of 2001, and Washington has resurrected practices previously associated with police aid during the Cold War. In particular, the Bush administration has broadened the remit of the United States Agency for International Development (usaid) in such a way as to make it a quasi-security agency. The consequences of this could be significant for both usaid and democratic-style police assistance programmes more generally, for today's threat-driven policies are part of a trend which in the past has had worrying consequences. Using the critical variable of public policing (which is illustrated by reference to developments in Kenya), I argue that using usaid to improve the counter-terrorist capacity of Africa's police in the pursuit of US national security objectives is a seriously flawed strategy.


Many species of plants are not evenly distributed across the landscape. For example, most species of mustards (Brassicaceae) occur in temperate regions at moister, higher elevations and in patches. For the upland mustard species Boechera stricta , a close wild relative of arabidopsis , previous studies have found evidence for (1) areas a few meters outside local patch boundaries to be stressful, (2) significant genetic variation within patches for tolerance to the stressful envi ronments, (3) sufficient dispersal by small wind dispersed seeds, and (4) low gene flow from populations at the center of the range. In such cases, one would expect the evolution of range expansion through adaptation for stress tolerance; however, evidence has also been found for (5) a genetic constraint between chemical defense allocation (glucosinolate toxins) and stress tolerance. Further indirect evidence suggests that the tradeoff may be caused by crosstalk between signaling pathways that could otherwise be co-opted for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance across range boundaries. One possibility for circumventing the tradeoff would be for epigenetic gene regulation. To see if this is the case, we have initiated a drought-stress study because we have found previously that water deficiency is associated with local patch boundaries and is sufficient to induce the tradeoff in the lab. Further, water deficiency induces ABA signaling, and we have found that exogenous ABA treatments can change the tradeoff. Thus far we have (a) drought-stressed B. stricta plants, (b) extracted DNA from shoot tissues and basal level glucosinolate from each parental population, and (c) collected seed from the parental generation. Our plan is to (d) identify differentially expressed genes with an oglionucleotide microarray chip, (e) obtain forward and reverse primers for five differentially expressed stress response genes (SRGs) and five differentially expressed nonspecific genes, and (f ) use PCR on each of the ten genes. We will (g) also treat the DNA with an enzyme that cleaves DNA where methylation occurs on CpG islands. The same method will be used for the subsequent F1 generation to determine if a true epigenetic effect occurs. In effect, we are (h) checking whether water deficiency treatments can increase drought tolerance in subsequent generations, and (i) whether this epigenetic effect affects the genetic tradeoff between defense allocation and drought-stress tolerance.


Using the NSF's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), we report six detections of CO(J = 1 → 0) emission and one upper limit in z = 2–3 galaxies originally detected in higher-J CO emission in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). From the CO(J = 1 → 0) line strengths, we measure total cold molecular gas masses of Mgas = (2.4–11.6) × 1010 (αCO/3.6)M⊙. We also measure a median CO(J = 3 → 2) to CO(J = 1 → 0) line brightness temperature ratio of r31 = 0.84 ± 0.26, and a CO(J = 7 → 6) to CO(J = 1 → 0) ratio range of r71 < 0.05 to r71 = 0.17. These results suggest that CO(J = 3 → 2) selected galaxies may have a higher CO line excitation on average than CO(J = 1 → 0) selected galaxies, based on the limited, currently available samples from the ASPECS and VLA CO Luminosity Density at High Redshift (COLDz) surveys. This implies that previous estimates of the cosmic density of cold gas in galaxies based on CO(J = 3 → 2) measurements should be revised down by a factor of ≃2 on average based on assumptions regarding CO excitation alone. This correction further improves the agreement between the best currently existing constraints on the cold gas density evolution across cosmic history from line scan surveys, and the implied characteristic gas depletion times.


Nearly two years ago, Ruth Kerr invited me to give a paper to this Society on Queensland historiography. As an outsider to Queensland history I saw this as a splendid opportunity to read in a more systematic way, some of the less recent work, and I was most impressed by the many articles of A. A. Morrison. When I discovered that Morrison had been president of this Society, between 1948 and 1953, I decided this seemed the time to reappraise his work.


the present shortage. We show little interest in making the best use of what we have got. In the past the number of junior doctors and senior nurses trailing behind a doctor was a fair indication of his standing, and even to-day some aspiring consultants seek to inflate their ego by increasing the size of their retinue. But nurses are too valuable to be used as symbols of status or counters in " empire building." Somz years ago at a London postgraduate course a surgeon demonstrated to us needling of a ganglion at the wrist. For this operation, which I have often performed at my surgery with no help at all, he was attended by two doctors, a sis.er, and five nurses, and used exactly twelve sterile towels. It was silly of them; it would be criminal now: yet the comments at the conference left no doubt about the way in which senior nurses, and nurses in general, are still thoughtlessly demanded or wastefully used by those whom one consultant described as " omnipotent chiefs." It was quite ,clear that if only they had the opportunity matrons and nurses could say a great deal to the medical staff that could lead to more economical use of nursing ability; while to a doctor it was equally obvious that if only junior nurses were allowed to say what was in their minds to sisters and matrons a lot more things could be put straight. Actually some of the most sensible remarks came from the only student nurse at the conference, but would she be allowed to say them -to her matron? I think not. So the point of this letter is that there is a serious failure of communications between the various ranks in the medical and nursing hierarchy. Nurses have to obey doctors' orders and are inhibited by training and tradition from making the constructive criticisms they wouldlike to do. The same holds among nurses, and between nurses and patients too. It is almost hypocritical of us to complain, as we do at A.R.M.s and elsewhere, about beds being closed for lack of nurses when a large part of the remedy lies in the profession itself. For the main impression I got from this con-ference was that the shortage of nurses was possibly equal to the number who could be made available if 'consultants and doctors, matrons and nurses, got together locally to discuss-without vanity and in a -friendly and uninhibited way-the best possible use of the staff which is available in the locality. But obvio-usly the initiative must come from the senior medical staff, and there were far too few of these present at the confe-renc2 to impress on the country at large how urgent, and yet hopeful, the situation is. A directive from the Ministry of Health would probably be strongly resented, so can I make a plea that the profession should look into the matter on its own? The outcome can only be beneficial to everybody and would help the .raining and recruitment of nurses enormously.-I am, etc., Winsford, Cheshire. W. N. LEAK.


This experimental study was performed to investigate the flow characteristics in the pipe of the blow-down system. When a liquid CO2 container is found to lose mechanical integrity, possibly by material or mechanical defects, the liquid inventory should be drained out rapidly for the purpose of safety by the so-called blow-down process. In the course of the blow-down, the liquid CO2 experiences the state change into a two-phase mixture of vapor and solid before releasing into atmosphere. The release rate of blow-down is affected by the characteristics of phase change. , Temperature and pressure was measured in capillary tube passages representing blow-down flow lines and the location of phase change was inferred with the measured data. The experimental result shows that phase change occurs just before CO2 flow is exposed to ambient air for any tube length of this study.


The thesis includes this 98-pages summary and appendices containing a paper submitted for journal publication Contents Our 1 contribution to the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) has been centered on evaluating aspects of two usability evaluation methods (UEMs), namely the cognitive walkthrough and the usability test. Chapter 1 in this summary is devoted to an introduction to HCI with particular focus on UEMs, while chapter 2 contains a description of the two methods investigated (cognitive walk-through and usability test). The most extensive study was the investigation of the learning process and the first time usage of cognitive walkthrough; this work is described in chapter 3. While working on this case we began studying the effect of different evaluators analyzing the same interface with the same UEM, the so-called evaluator effect. We have studied the evaluator effect both in cognitive walkthrough and usability test. In chapter 4 we describe the evaluator effect in cognitive walkthrough. In chapter 5 we describe the evaluator effect in usability test. The last chapter, chapter 6, discusses and draws perspectives on the work described in chapters 3, 4, and 5. Four of the five appendices are included in this thesis submission in order to document earlier reports on the evaluator effect studies. The study about the evaluator effect in cognitive walkthrough has previously been reported in Hertzum & Jacobsen (1998) and Hertzum & Jacobsen (1999), and is included in appendices 2 and 3 respectively. The study about the evaluator effect in usability test has previously been reported in Jacobsen, Hertzum & John (1998a) and Jacobsen, Hertzum & John (1998b), and are included in appendices 4 and 5 respectively. As the early reports on the evaluator effect were constrained with regard to number of pages, I have extended the descriptions in chapters 4 (the evaluator effect in cognitive walkthrough) and 5 (the evaluator effect in usability test) in this summary. Hence, reading these two chapters would be sufficient to understand the main contents of the previous four reports. In addition, chapters 4 and 5 offer some new analyses that have not been revealed in the earlier reports. Opposed to the somewhat repeated reports in appendices 2, 3, 4, and 5, appendix 1 (Jacobsen & John, 1999) contains an extensive description of a case study, which is not repeated in the summary. Hence, chapter 3 introduces learning and usage of cognitive walk-through, but only as a prelude to …


ABSTRACT: It is well known that the shift from canti carnascialeschi to mascherate, which took place in Florence during the first half of the sixteenth century, corresponds to parallel political changes from republic to duchy. The role of the new Duke Cosimo I de' Medici in the transformation of Florentine street festivals must be appraised through his aim of establishing a courtly society in which the nobility were subjected to his control. In this article, this double process of change is observed through documents which show how the courtly mascherata can be viewed as a means by which courtiers sought to be identified as a homogeneous group by all Florentine citizens, looking at and listening to them from their windows.


© 2006 Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK ASR usiness and Society Review 0045-3609 © 2006 Ce ter f r Busin ss Ethics at Bentley College 110 rigi al Article U INESS and SOCIETY R VIEW WRIGHT AND RWABIZAMBUGA Institutional Pressures, Corporate Reputation, and Voluntary Codes of Conduct: An Examination of the Equator Principles


In this paper we review fifty years of articles published in 'Australian Journal of Adult Learning' in its various iterations. We examine the different roles of the journal: to illuminate the history and trends of adult education authors; to be the flagship of the adult education profession in Australia; to reflect on significant national events; and to mirror the changing knowledge base of the discipline. We analyse the authorship of the articles over fifty years, and determine patterns in contribution to the journal by gender, location, institutional affiliation and author numbers. We also examine key themes that have surfaced in the writings on adult education. The articles published in the journal are significant because they are primary sources of the day, unfettered by the perspectives, viewpoints and standards of later periods. Our paper serves as a useful looking glass through which we might be able to view more clearly the shifting research interests of the past and the challenges in the future for the adult and community learning sector.


With physicians and practices in limbo on the ICD-10 transition, CMS reaffirmed its commitment to the code set and says a new deadline will be announced shortly.


In recent years, the frequent occurrence of mass incidents has an increasing tendency of violence. How to do a good job in the prevention and control of mass violent incidents is particularly important.The causes of violence are as follows: the formal system is ineffective, the level of the actors is low, the identity of the group is strengthened, and the social contradictions accumulate to the critical point. The author proposes three approaches governedbylaw to address the problems, threare herefore,locatingthe source of social conf licts taking care of,sensitive troubles and followingby crisis management.


To implement effective precautions to avoid methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nosocomial infections, it is important to clarify when, how, and from whom MRSA was transmitted to the patients. However, MRSA strains obtained from outpatient population were not analyzed, and the transmission routes of MRSA in the community are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether MRSA is spreading in community settings or whether MRSA transmission still occurs only in healthcare institutions.


We prove that a very general hypersurface of bidegree (2, n) in P^2 x P^2 for n bigger than or equal to 2 is not stably rational, using Voisin's method of integral Chow-theoretic decompositions of the diagonal and their preservation under mild degenerations. At the same time, we also analyse possible ways to degenerate Prym curves, and the way how various loci inside the moduli space of stable Prym curves are nested. No deformation theory of stacks or sheaves of Azumaya algebras like in recent work of Hasset-Kresch-Tschinkel is used, rather we employ a more elementary and explicit approach via Koszul complexes, which is enough to treat this special case.


The purpose of this study is to understand and analize the affect of job promotion and work environment on employee performance. The population of this research are the employees of Royal ATK Malang . The sample in this study are 40 employees who work on Royal ATK Malang. The sample technique is a proportional random sampling. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The result of F test indicates that job promotion and work enviroment affect on employee performance simultanly. Based on t test, job promotion and work enviroment has a significant affect on employee performance partially.work enviroment has a dominant affect on employee performance.


Skin cancer has been the most common type of malignancies overall with an increasing incidence. The standard of treatment is surgical excision or Mohs Microscopic surgery for high-risk cancer or sensitive areas. Lasers have been used with promising results for treating non-melanoma skin cancers. This paper provides an overall review of the available lasers and energy-based devices utilized for treating NMSK; Situ, and the precancerous Actinic keratosis, and Porokeratosis.


A full-term newborn male baby was brought with abnormal genitalia. The baby was a product of non-consanguinous marriage and the antenatal checkups and sonography were unremarkable. The boy had passed urine and meconium before arrival. Baby was warm, pink and active. There was no abnormal facies. Limbs and spine were normal. Local examination (Fig. 1) revealed a normal phallus with meatus at the tip of glans but it was positioned in the perineum between the scrotum and anus. The hemiscrotums were well developed and contained testis on either side. The anus was patent and its site was normal. Sonography of spine,cranium and urinary tracts showed no pathology. Echocardiogram was also normal.


Behaviors of both model and full-scale airplanes were ascertained by making visual observations, by recording time histories of decelerations, and by taking motion picture records of ditchings. Results are presented in form of sequence photographs and time-history curves for attitudes, vertical and horizontal displacements, and longitudinal decelerations. Time-history curves for attitudes and horizontal and vertical displacements for model and full-scale tests were in agreement; maximum longitudinal decelerations for both ditchings did not occur at same part of run; full-scale maximum deceleration was 50 percent greater.


Social Integration and Regionalization are two of six axes considered in the Minerva Academic Model (MAM) proposed by the "Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla" (BUAP). This innovative collaborative academic model is a product of internal collective elaborations, considering the own previous experiences with the academic Fenix project, and international and national education trends. The MAM aims at reaching a strong relationship of the BUAP community with regional, national, and international communities. In this perspective, our research focuses in the structuration of effective process for the accomplishment of MAM objectives. For that, it is not enough the enunciation of objectives, strategies, and desirable quality attributes, but their translation in meaningful and manageable processes. In order to give complete sense to MAM expressions, in the work referred in this paper, the quality features included in propositions of Social Integration and Regionalization axes are converted in direct and expressive objectives. For an effective implementation of these objectives in social realities, this paper proposes pertinent, realistic, and manageable processes. The quality-based objectives constitute a way to concrete the effective contribution of Non-Functional Features of the Model and to offer an alternative for validating the explicit objectives proposed in the MAM formulation. The Construction of educational objectives derived from quality features of an academic model and the conversion of objectives in effective and manageable processes constitute a way to affront the changes in the context and to contribute to the development of the resilient engineering concept. The application of this concept in education matches the objectives and action axes of the MAM, and it aids also to introduce and to materialize particular exigencies, such as sustainability, innovation, etc. in education models.


SMTP has a fundamental flaw: a lack of identity authentication. This means that malicious users on the Internet can forge e-mail addresses and initiate spam attacks. To cope with these threats, many software vendors and organizations have put forward e-mail authentication technologies. The paper mainly discusses the working principles of e-mail authentication technologies such as SPF, SIDF, DKIM and BATV. Finally, this paper analyzes the problems and prospects of these technologies.


The Relationship Between Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Stakeholder Pressure, and Financial Performance by Zulfiya Tchaikovsky B. Msc, M.Sc., University of Metaphysical Sciences, 2016 MBA, American Intercontinental University, 2013 BS, MS, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, 1995 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University June 2017 Abstract Corporate sustainability confronts significant challenges when supply chain managers pursue short-term financial performance to meet stakeholders' expectations. To achieve sustainable economic success, organizational managers need to understand the relationship between corporate sustainability and long-term financial performance. Based on the resource dependence theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SCM), stakeholder pressure, and corporate sustainability performance. The population consisted ofCorporate sustainability confronts significant challenges when supply chain managers pursue short-term financial performance to meet stakeholders' expectations. To achieve sustainable economic success, organizational managers need to understand the relationship between corporate sustainability and long-term financial performance. Based on the resource dependence theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SCM), stakeholder pressure, and corporate sustainability performance. The population consisted of worldwide public organizations from Newsweek Global Green Ranking 2016 list engaged in sustainable SCM. The secondary data for the study were collected from databases hosted by Sustainalytics and Standard & Poor's. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated statistically significant relationships between sustainable SCM and corporate sustainability performance, F(5, 158) = 3,981, p = .002, R[.112], and between stakeholder pressure and corporate sustainability performance, F(5, 158) = 2,552 p = .030, R[.075]. Analysis of the relationship between sustainable SCM and corporate sustainability performance with stakeholder pressure as a moderator showed non-significant interaction effect, F (5, 158) = 5.54, p < .001, R =.11. R -chng =.0007, p-int = .669. With stakeholder pressure as a mediator, the relationship showed nonsignificant indirect effect, b = .024, z = 0.97, p = .329. The findings of this study could contribute to the social change given that sustainable development of supply chains support the conservation of natural resources and living standards of stakeholders. The Relationship Between Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Stakeholder Pressure, and Financial Performance by Zulfiya Tchaikovsky B. Msc, M.Sc., University of Metaphysical Sciences, 2016 MBA, American Intercontinental University, 2013 BS, MS, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, 1995 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University June 2017 Acknowledgments I would like to extend my gratitude to all who provided support in completing this dissertation study. Special appreciation to my committee members: Chairperson Dr. Thomas J. Schaefer, Second Committee Chairperson Dr. Teresa A. Jepma, and URR Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer for their continued support and guidance. I would like to acknowledge Sustainalytics US., Inc. for the cooperation in obtaining the essential for the study ESG data. I like to acknowledge Standard & Poor's Financial Services as a contributor for making available financial data for research. I also appreciated the most instructive Andy Field's textbook on Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics that walked me through the hierarchical multiple regression analysis with moderators and mediators.


Between 1997 and 2003, in one herd of breeding pigs with 90 sows and two boars, positive and dubious responses to avian tuberculin were detected in 4 and 72 pigs, respectively. Pigs were examined using the agglutination test for the presence of serum antibodies against corpuscular antigens prepared from various Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) members: M. a. avium (MAA) of serotype 2, M. a. hominissuis (MAH) of serotype 8 and M. intracellulare (MI) of serotype 19. Positive skin responses were found in animals with antibodies against MAH (18; 23.7%), MAA (3; 4.0%) and MI (9; 11.8%) antigens. By serological examination of 17 sows with repeated dubious responses for tuberculin skin testing with avian tuberculin, no antibodies against MAA were detected; MAH antibodies and MI antibodies were found in eight and two animals, respectively. By post mortem examination of lymph nodes (ln) and organ samples from all 76 animals with responses to avian tuberculin, no tuberculous/tuberculoid lesions were detected. By culture examination of ln and organs from 13 animals, condi - tionally pathogenic mycobacteria (CPM) were isolated from only one animal (breeding boar): from mesenteric, pulmonary, hepatic ln and from spleen tissue samples. These isolates were identified as MAH and CPM by the PCR method and biochemically. By investigation of the external environment (205 samples), 33 (16.3%) CPM isolates were obtained: 13 MAH, eight M. fortuitum, one M. nonchromogenicum, one M. abscessus, one M. scrofulaceum and nine unidentified isolates, which were non- MAC according to the PCR examination. Non-specific responses obtained in the intravital tests (skin and serological tests) caused by CPM present in the environment substantially complicated diagnosis of avian tuberculosis. Based on these findings, animal hygiene measures have been adopted since 2002; resulted in a decrease of environmental contamination with CPM and a reduction in the number of animals giving positive responses to avian tuberculin.


This chapter determines whether the issue is preferable to place climate displacement programmes into existing international legal frameworks, or whether it is necessary to regulate this area in an entirely new institution specifically designed to deal with the complex and cross-cutting issues surrounding the topic. It concerns the international regulation of persons displaced by climate change, the focus will be on persons moving across international borders. To determine the most appropriate governance framework for the recognition, protection and regulation of people displaced by climate change, the following three proposals will be examined: Each proposal examines against a number of criteria: procedural justice, distributive justice, remedial justice, protection and assistance and state practice. In addition to these criteria, each proposal will be considered in light of current state practice in relation to refugee law, environmental law and human rights law.


Bridges rarely behave precisely according to design assumptions. In most cases, they have some hidden reserves and behave preferable under traffic loads. To take these benefits into consideration numerical models can be calibrated based on measured structural response. The case study presented herein shows the calibration process for a railway truss bridge in Austria and the comparison of calibration results obtained by two individual teams. Each team did an individual and independent calibration based on different finite element models based on measured train passages. Both calibrations improved the precision of the calculated model response compared to the initial model, but also showed that the calibration parameters must be chosen with care to ensure plausibility of the results.


Vaccine campaigns are currently the most promising method to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines have been widely administered and show good immunogenicity, good tolerance, and high efficacy in inducing immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 [1]. Reports are rising of patients with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination [2]. The differential diagnosis includes vaccination-induced (post-vaccinal) lymphadenitis and acute viral infection (particularly Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]-induced infectious mononucleosis, as well as rubella, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], influenza, and herpes zoster), which canmimicmalignant lymphomas [3,4]. A thoroughworkup based on the combination of characteristic clinical, histopathological, and serologic findings is required to make the diagnosis of post-vaccinal lymphadenitis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to unusual clinical presentations or prolonged lymphadenopathy [2]. Histologically, vaccination-induced lymphadenitis will show expansion of the paracortex with abundant immunoblasts and plasma cells and increasedvascularity [3–5]. The same findingsmaybe seen in acute viral infections or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [6]. The extent of these changesvaries considerably fromcase to case,with somecases having only mild paracortical expansion and others having exuberant


Randomization is popularly used in encryption techniques to improve cryptographic security compared to their deterministic counterparts. A cipher text is chosen randomly from a set of cipher texts matching the message to encipher a message. This paper proposes randomizing the existing DPCES to secure information transmission in a steganography system. The randomization concept is applied to a flexible DPCES, a Character Binary encoding scheme used in steganography. This would significantly improve the effectiveness of defense against statistical analysis aimed at revealing the message of suspecting the steganography method is under attack. Knowledge of the exact mapping dot pattern applied to encode the message is required to extract the message. An attacker's probability of knowing the encoding scheme would be very low, if not zero. Thus, the Steganography system becomes highly secured with a randomized encoding scheme. The binary data is computed using R-DPCES and inserted into the cover. The stego-cover is transmitted to the intended recipient through the public channel.


In the course of improving various abilities of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, many investigations have been carried out for ranking Decision Making Units (DMUs). This is an important issue both in theory and practice. There exist a variety of papers which apply different ranking methods to a real data set. This study wants to rank the perceived intelligence parameters for People With Epilepsy (PWE) based on Gardner's theory by considering the demographic, illness background, and Awang's database using Enhanced Russell Measure (ERM) and ERM super-efficiency in DEA. The study has determined the priority of eight perceived intelligence parameters skills by considering epileptics' demographic and used this priority to enhance the employability of PWE since employment is one of the most challenging issues facing by PWE. Previous studies have shown that PWE have high unemployment rates, underpaid, and cannot keep their jobs because of stigma, seizure severity and other psychological deficiencies. The results from this study are important and may improve the employment opportunities of PWE.


European data protection regulation states that organisations must have data subjects' consent to use their personally identifiable information (PII) for a variety of purposes. Solutions have been proposed which generally handle consent in a coarse-grained way, by means of opt in/out choices. However, we believe that consent's representation should be extended to allow data subjects to express a rich set of conditions under which their PII can be used. In this paper we introduce and discuss an approach enabling the representation of consent as fine-grained preferences. To enforce such consent, we leverage and extend the current standard XACML architecture and framework. As data collectors maintain links between PII and associated preferences, preferences should also be considered as part of this PII. Therefore our solution prevents access control components from directly accessing any PII. External Posting Date: November 21, 2009 [Fulltext] Approved for External Publication Internal Posting Date: November 21, 2009 [Fulltext] Published in the proceedings of the 7th International Conference, TrustBus 2010, Bilbao, Spain, August 30-31, 2010.  Copyright 2009 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Modelling was conducted of road accident fatalities (RAFs) in Thailand and other Asian countries. Based on a cross-sectional analysis in 2013, an Asian model of predicted RAFs (per population) as a function of motorization (registered vehicles per capita) was developed. In addition, an Asian RAFs (per vehicles) prediction model was also developed. Increasing motorization corresponded with lower estimated RAFs per 10,000 vehicles. Also, the Thailand RAFs (per population) prediction model was achieved based on the limited time series analysis utilizing the 3 RAFs database sources. The motorization could potentially be adapted to estimate the RAFs per 100,000 population in Thailand. Based on the Thailand RAFs prediction model and the predicted motorization in 2020, the estimated RAFs per 100,000 population will be 3 times greater than the targeted one. This means that Thailand will not be able to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for global road safety issues.


Thymic carcinomas (TCs) are rare aggressive tumors with no standard first‐line treatment. This study was conducted to determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen for advanced TC.


References 1 Goodman R, Ford T, Richards H, Gatwood R, Meltzer H. (2000) The Development and Well-Being Assessment: Description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Cbild Psycbology and Psycbfatry 41: 645-55. 15. Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) The DBC is designed to assess behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities over a six month period3. It shares the same structure as the Child Behaviour Checklist. It consists of 96 items, which are rated on a 0-2 rating scale: (0) 'not true as far as you know', (1) 'somewhat or sometimes true' and ( 2 ) 'very true or often true'. The DBC produces a scoring at 3 levels: the 'total behaviourproblem score' provides an overall measure of emotional and behavioural problems. A score of 46 or more is indicative of clinically significant levels of behavioural and emotional problems; sub-scale scores, and scores on individual items, can be useful for assessing the severity of an individual problem. The DBC is epidemiologically derived from the medical files of 664 children3 with varying levels of mental retardation, of which the norms of the DBC are derived. Norms are available for mild-to-profound mental retardation. The psychometric properties of the DBC are well documented. Reliability is well established, although this declines with parent-teacher ratings. Test-retest and internal consistencies are also high. With relation to validity, the DBC correlates highly with the Adaptive Behaviour Scale School Edition3. There are two versions of the DBC available, a ParenVCarer version (DBC-P), and the Teacher version (DBC-T) .


In the pursuit of science when producing television teaching programs, the aesthetics of the picture is becoming more and more important, therefore, the approaches to deal with the subtitle should be different according to different sort of program: the choice of fonts, the manner of representation, etc, should have their own features. The representation of subtitle should be considered carefully, especially its composition, arrange of colors, dynamic special effects, etc, should be analyzed by the producer carefully. With all these considerations, the teaching program will become more active, and more attractive to the audience, and eventually assist teaching better.


It is pointed out that the Orenburg market of dairy produce is constantly growing, hence the commodity producers need an effective system of their products promotion to be created. The aim of the study conducted has been to find out the preferences of dairy products consumers on the markets of the city of Orenburg.


We have investigated the characteristics of a Cu/W–N/SiOF multilevel interconnect. The resistivity and surface roughness of the Cu film on a W–N/SiOF/Si substrate are better than those of the Cu film on a SiOF/Si substrate after annealing at 500°C for 30 min. These results are due to the W–N thin film inserted between the Cu and SiOF because the surface energy of the W–N film is greater than that of the SiOF film, which improves the wettability of Cu on the W–N film and prevents the agglomeration of the Cu film during the annealing process. Also, the stress evolution, current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectra reveal that the Cu/W–N/SiOF/Si interconnect has lower tensile stress and better electrical properties than the Cu/SiOF/Si interconnect, which is due to the stress relaxation and the improvement of the barrier performance as a result of inserting the W–N thin films.


Game theory concerns the study of the decision-making and its equilibrium when the behavior of the subject of the decision-making has a direct interaction. Based on the model of game (the Prisoners' Dilemma Model and the Hotelling Model), the essay advances the chief countermeasures to attain "equilibrium": the strategy of MA and product dissimilation.


Background: Obesity-related fat accumulation is linked to the metabolic syndrome and increases the risk of CVD by involving FFA, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Taking into account the findings from the third chapter, our goal was to assess the potential role of ASGR1 in metabolic reprogramming and immunoinflammatory state during obesity. Methods: After 20 weeks of high fat diet, flow cytometry, proteomics, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were assessed in WT and ASGR1-/- mice (HFD). Additionally, metabolic parameters such as oxygen consumption, CO2 production, and food intake were measured during the diet. Results: After 20 weeks of HFD, the ASGR1−/− mice displayed a significant reduction in the circulating monocytes compared to WT. The body weight and food intake were comparable in between two groups. The adipose tissue VAT was significantly increased in ASGR1-/- compared to WT mice (WT 3.2%±0.8%, ASGR1-/- 4.7%±1.2%, P-value<0.001). The proteomics revealed, n=3412 proteins were aligned from which 624 proteins were significantly differentially expressed on the liver of ASGR1-/- and WT mice under HFD. From prediction analysis the significant proteins that were increase in the liver of ASGR1-/- mice were necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation compared to the WT. Additionally, a significant downregulation in proteins protein expression involved in fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid uptake, except the increased expression of fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (FATP5), which belongs to very long chain acyl-CoA synthetases, capable mediation the transport of long chain fatty acids. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ASGR1 deficiency causes increased inflammation and changes in metabolic pathways when subjected to HFD. This can also have an impact on the synthesis of apolipoproteins secreted in plasma.


Currently, more and more challenges of modern industrial enterprises require an increase in the reliability of the information on the quality of products. This becomes possible when using digital technologies to assess the quality of products. The cited publication discusses the technology for recognizing defects in the surface of sheet products in images obtained from cameras of the strip inspection system during rolling. The authors proposed a classification of the signs of defects in the image and highlighted the most significant of them also suggested using geometric, optical and spectral features for images of flat-rolled products containing defects of different classes. The research results at this stage, obtained during the processing of digital images, showed that to identify a defect and reduce false-positive and false-negative alarms of the automated defect identification system, it is required to conduct a study of interval estimates and make decision-making rules based on intersection and merging of intervals; introduce additional classes that allow the introduction of signs that characterize the irregularity of the shape of defects and the characteristic location; the use of new technologies of soft computing will reveal the hidden patterns of the manifestation of defects in the images of the surface of the steel strip.


We describe local structural controls on deposition above contractional fault-related folds that yield patterns of stratigraphic onlaps, pinch-outs, and facies transitions that are diagnostic of folding mechanism. In folds that grow by kink-band migration, stratigraphic onlaps and pinch-outs that formed at emergent fold scarps are incorporated into fold limbs and aligned along growth axial surfaces. In contrast, the positions of these same features in structures that grow primarily by limb rotation are more variable and are controlled directly by sedimentation-to-uplift ratio. We present kinematic models and natural examples that integrate seismic reflection data and well control to describe these structural influences on growth stratigraphy. An understanding of this interplay between local deformation and deposition helps us infer the positions of subtle pinch-outs that may provide hydrocarbon traps and can yield a detailed history of structural development.


Thesis (M.A.)--American University of Beirut, Center for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, 2009.;"Advisor, Dr. Theodor Hanf, Visiting Professor, Dept. of Political Science-Sociology.--Member of Committee : Dr. Marcus Marktanner, Assistant Professor, Dept.


Cage-assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has proven to be a safe and effective procedure in current studies. Restoration of physiological disc height leads to restoration of normal alignment, decompression of foraminal stenosis, and prevention of collapse into kyphosis (16). Cervical intervertebral disc replacement by means of a stand-alone cage provides immediate load bearing support to the anterior column and may facilitate arthrodesis (10). On the other hand, there is evidence documenting relatively frequent complications in stand-alone cage assisted ACDF. The most commonly discussed complication seems to be cage subsidence. Bartels et al recently reported an incidence of 29.2% in 69 patients (2). The subject of subsidence tendency has been also analyzed in cadaver laboratory testing (19). Clinical observations indicate that subsidence is a common phenomenon after spine instrumentations. Postoperative subsidence may decrease an initially good correction of foraminal area and intervertebral disc height (9). It can also be a cause of implant-related complications. The majority of these complications appear in the early postoperative period related to the adjustment of the cage-bone interface (9). The interbody cage provides AbStrACt AIM: To compare interbody fusion with standalone PEEK cages and augmenting this fusion with cervical plating for degenerative cervical spine disorders. Material and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study on 100 cervical disc disease patients between 2007 and 2010. reSultS: The patients were classified into group I (ACDF with stand-alone cage) and group II (cervical plate was added). There were no complications related to the surgical approach. No failure or migration of the implants. Initial improvement of the neurological symptoms was achieved in all patients. In the follow up we had solid fusion in all cases. By 18 months postoperatively there was a statistical significant difference in neck pain between the groups in favor of group II. Cage subsidence rate in group 1 was 52% at 18 months follow up, as compared to only 12% in group 2. We found a statistically significant correlation between cage subsidence and higher grade of neck pain VAS in the postoperative period. ConCluSIonS: Adding cervical plate to ACDF with stand-alone cage is associated with less incidence of subsidence, more lordotic alignment and lower incidence of neck pain. Key wordS: Bone graft substitute, Cervical plating, Neck pain, Radiculopathy, Stand alone PEEK cage


nvestigates the career progression of young female Certified Public Accountants in Ireland. Focuses on generation X accountants. A total of 12 male and 12 female accountants were interviewed. All were under the age of 30 and qualified as within the past five years. Aims to examine: whether the young generation of female accountants has encountered the "glass ceiling"; if there is a tendency for male dominance in professional accountancy practices or in industry; whether gender affects one's ability to network socially; and the ability of the young accountants to balance their home and work lives. This study is particularly relevant, as previous research studies conducted with accountants have focused on older generations. The results of the study show that young female accountants encounter obstacles in their careers because of their gender. The female accountants in this study suggest that male dominance will persist in accountancy practices. Our findings also suggest that an important challenge for managers today is managing generation Xers, who work to live and do not live to work. Finally, the research findings from this study contribute primarily to the extant research on women in the accountancy profession. Also contributes to the corpus of knowledge on women in management, career development, and the development and management of generation X.


Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of protease inhibitor 5-[5-(2-nitrophenyl) furfuryliodine]-1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid(UCF-101) on the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Caspase-9 in rats during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, ischemia-reperfusion group and UCF-101 treated group. The focal cerebral ischemia models of Wistar rats were established by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) with thread occlusion method. 2hs after the right middle cerebral artery occlusion, reperfusion began and continued for 24h, the infarct volumes were calculated by TTC, TUNEL was used to measure apoptotic neurons; the expression of Caspase-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results There was no focal ischemia in sham operated group, the number of TUNEL positive neurons and the expression of Caspase-9 were distinctively higher in ischemia-reperfusion group than in sham operated group. The infarct volume and the number of TUNEL positive neurons and the expression of Caspase-9 were significantly decreased in UCF-101 treated group compared with ischemia-reperfusion group(P0.05). Conclusion The protective effect of UCF-101 on the neurons during the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion might be related to the decrease of the quantity of the apoptosis neurons and the expression of apoptotic protein Caspase-9.


We use a combination of N-body simulations of the hierarchical clustering of dark matter and semi-analytic modelling of the physics of galaxy formation to probe the relationship between the galaxy distribution and the mass distribution in a flat, cold dark matter universe with mean density 0 = 0.3 (�CDM). We find that the statistical properties of the galaxy distribution in the model, as quantified by pairwise velocity dispersions and clustering strength, can be quite different from those displayed by the dark matter. The pairwise line-of-sight velocity dispersion of galaxies is sensitive to the number of galaxies present in halos of different mass. In our model, which is consistent with the observed galaxy number distribution, the galaxy velocity dispersion is � 40% lower than that of the dark matter and is in reasonable agreement with the values measured in the Las Campanas redshift survey by Jing et al. over two decades in pair separation. The origin of this offset is statistical rather than dynamical, and depends upon the relative efficiency of galaxyformation in dark matter halos of different mass. Although the model galaxies and the dark matter have markedly different correlation functions in real space, such biases conspire to cause the redshift space correlation functions to be remarkably similar to each other. Thus, although genuinely biased relative to the dark matter on small scales, the distribution of galaxies as seen in redshift space, appears unbiased. The predicted redshift-space galaxy correlation function agrees well with observations. We find no evidence in the model for a dependence of clustering strength on intrinsic galaxy luminosity, unless extremely bright galaxies, two magnitudes brighter than L�, are considered. However, there are significant differences when model galaxies are selected either by morphology or by colour. Early type or red galaxies show a much stronger clustering amplitude than late type or blue galaxies, particularly on small scales, again in good agreement with observations.


Streptococcosis is one of the major infectious and contagious bacterial diseases for swine farm in southern China. The influence of various control measures on the outbreaks and transmission of S. suis is not currently known. In this study, in order to explore effective control and prevention measures we studied a deterministic dynamic model with stage structure for S. suis. The basic reproduction number is identified and global dynamics are completely determined by . It shows that if , the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out, whereas if , there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally stable and thus the disease persists in the population. The model simulations well agree with new clinical cases and the basic reproduction number of this model is about 1.1333. Some sensitivity analyses of in terms of the model parameters are given. Our study demonstrates that combination of vaccination and disinfection of the environment are the useful control strategy for S. suis.


The crystallography, microstructure and mechanical property of as-quenched martensite of Fe-0.2C-Mn(-V) alloys of which the prior austenite grain sizes are 370-2 μm were studied. The prior austenite grain, whose size is larger than 28 μm, is divided by several packets. Those packets are subdivided by blocks containing sub-blocks, each of which corresponds to the Kurdjumov-Sachs variant. When the prior austenite grain size is about 2 μm, one packet tends to grow predominantly. Each packet is divided by blocks containing sub-blocks.


This paper describes a project which developed 26 sophisticated spreadsheet templates designed to give students instant feedback on integrated case assignments in introductory accounting courses. The approach, however, can be used in any course with a quantitative component and can be used by any instructor with intermediate spreadsheet skills. Students were required to complete unique, pre-formatted templates programmed to provide feedback immediately following the completion of a cell formula. Anonymous questionnaires were completed by students at semester's end and faculty met to discuss their observations. Students reported that they liked the templates and spent more time on their homework because of the instant feedback, but were undecided as to whether completing the computer-graded templates helped them on exams. The faculty observed students to be more prepared to discuss the cases when the instant feedback templates were used.


Workload is based on the use of available work time to do a series of work, which is seen from the activities or activities carried out by staff at work time, both direct, indirect activities, and other activities such as personal and unproductive activities. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze how the workload of the mechanical part employees at PT. Wahana Wirawan Riau. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population in the study were all employees of the mechanical part at PT. Wahana Wirawan Riau Jl. Soekarno Hatta as many as 23 people. The sampling technique used in this study is to use the saturated sample method. The sample in this study were 23 people. Data analysis technique used is to use descriptive analysis of percentages. Based on the results of the above calculation, it is known that the workload of the mechanical part employees at PT. Wahana Wirawan Riau is in the high category, this workload includes physical workload, mental workload and the high use of work time received by employees when carrying out their work.


during procedures. The nurse can develop a plan of care that includes a coping kit to help gain cooperation with the hospitalized child with challenging behaviors.


The holism (Quinean and Kuhnian, in general) of post-war epistemology and the focus of feminist epistemology on the role of values in knowledge production form the background to this article. The aim of the text is twofold: 1) I wish to show that feminist epistemology can offer an illuminating viewpoint on non-theoretical attitudes, such as experiences of love, due to its intuition that epistemology deals with complex wholes comprising both factual and value contents. 2) I also intend to use a parallel with love to contribute to the discussion among feminist theorists about whether values are properly understood only as implicit background assumptions that motivate whole theories, or if they play more varied roles in explicit local arguments. Interestingly, the accounts of love that favour only the former pattern seem to be insufficient. A fictional narrative by Marcel Proust is used as an example.


Background: Business satisfaction is the key for business success, as indicated by numerous surveys in the last decades, and is associated with many factors which are related to the working environment. Objective: The purpose of this research is to study the level of business satisfaction of the medical and nursing staff of the Naval Hospital of Athens and find its association with several factors. Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted, using a structured questionnaire consisting of 23 questions, 22 of which were closed and one was open-ended. The survey population consisted of 454 people, doctors and nurses who work at the Naval Hospital of Athens. The questionnaire was sent electronically to a sample of 62 people, as the hospital was able to provide us with valid mails and social media accounts (Facebook, LinkedIn) for those 62 people. The 44 people who replied (71% of the initial sample and 10% of the survey population) formed the final sample. Data analysis recorded the average level of business satisfaction concerning various factors related to the workplace. We used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v20 (descriptive statistics, x2 independence test). Results: Most of the participants found facilities very suitable and the relationship with their colleagues and the hospital management very satisfactory, but they are not satisfied at all with their income. Despite the fact that most of them believe that management does not recognize good performance and does not provide them with opportunities for intervention in organizational aspect of the hospital, they are satisfied with the general working conditions in the hospital and they would not prefer working in another non-military hospital. It was revealed that there is an association between years working in the hospital and opportunities for intervention in organizational matters of the hospital (x=21, p-value=0.007), as well as between education and belief that management rewards good performance (x=33.7, p-value=0.006). Conclusions Discussion: The conclusions arising from the analysis show a general satisfaction from the relationship between colleagues, the adequacy of staff's skills and the need for improvement in several areas, such as the need for modernization of hospital equipment. It is important for medical and nursing staff to feel part of the organization they work in, by being included in decision making. This works as a motive and has a positive effect on job satisfaction.


Spatial perception is a primary function of the human auditory system. It is essential in decoding the auditory scene surrounding a listener. Each sound source in such a scene has a certain location and distance with respect to the listener. This spatial separation helps the listener in distinguishing concurrent sources from each other, e.g. a target speaker from interfering noise sources. The perceived horizontal extent of sound sources is typically described by the apparent source width (ASW). A reduced sensitivity to ASW as e.g. found in hearing-impaired listeners [6] may have consequences on the ability of spatially separating sound sources. Therefore, it is important to understand the contributing cues to ASW perception. According to literature, three binaural cues are mainly contributing to ASW: The interaural time differences (ITDs) and the interaural level differences (ILDs), that are as well important for determining the location of a sound source in the horizontal plane, and the interaural coherence (IC). Due to reflections in rooms and from the head and torso of the listener all three cues fluctuate over time. With increasing amount of room reflections, the IC decreases and larger variations in ITDs and ILDs occur, leading to an increased ASW. The psychophysical relation between these three binaural cues and ASW can be exploited by binaural auditory models. Traditional models of ASW are used to evaluate the quality of concert halls by analyzing the interaural crosscorrelation (IACC) function [1]. Based on the IACC, the interaural coherence (IC) is extracted as the absolute maximum value normalized by the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the left and right ear-signal. Hereby, an inverse relation between IC and ASW exists. Okano et al. (1995) [9] proposed a frequency-specific weighting of the IC, termed IACCE3 that averages the IC in three octave bands 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. The IACCE3 is calculated for the first 80 ms of the binaural impulse recordings (BRIRs) since early reflections are known to contribute mostly to ASW [4]. Zotter et al. (2013) [13] observed a high correlation of r = 0.97 between the IACCE3 and perceptual data obtained in a stereo loudspeaker measurement setup. Similar ideas as suggested by Okano were implemented in a complex binaural auditory model by van Dorp Schuitman et al. (2013) [10] which splits the input signal in a direct and a reverberant stream. From the direct stream the model extracts ITDs up to 2 kHz as the time-lag at the maximum IC and estimates the ASW by averaging their standard deviation. In contrast to the traditional IC-based measures, this model is applied on binaural recordings. The model showed higher correlations with perceptual data compared to the IACCE3. Note that both studies, Okano et al. and van Dorp Schuitman et al. further considered the monaural sound pressure level (SPL) as an additional cue for ASW. Blauert and Lindemann (1986) [3] suggested that both, ITD and ILD fluctuations, contribute to ASW. They combined the standard deviation of both cues with equal weights and reported a higher correlation with perceptual data (r = 0.75) as opposed to an IC-based model (r = 0.61). Later Mason et al. (2005) [7] developed an ASW model that combined both ITDs and ILDs according to the duplex theory by using ITDs at low frequencies and ILDs at high frequencies [8] plus including loudness information. Obviously, several models of ASW have been suggested in literature, each validated on different perceptual datasets. The present study investigates generalizability of the introduced models by evaluating their performance across datasets. Hereby, it will be addressed whether (i) a correlation-based approach, i.e. either extracting IC or ITD as suggested by Okano et al. and van Dorp Schuitman et al., respectively, is sufficient for the estimation of ASW, (ii) the in literature suggested frequency region of up to 2 kHz is optimal in such approach or if highfrequency ICs or ITDs are contributing to ASW as well and (iii) a model combining ITDs and ILDs as suggested by Blauert and Lindemann and Mason et al. is feasible. The models have been validated on two experimental datasets presented in Käsbach et al. 2014 and 2015 [5],[6].


In this study, we report novel anisotropic nanostructures of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanocrystallites induced by oriented attachment at high pH in the absence of organic additives. Combined transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analyses shed new light on different stages of the oriented attachment process. It is found that a straight prerod intermediate was assembled by crystallographically aligned nanoparticles with a rectangular shape; a V-shaped structure with an angle of (118.5 ± 3.5)° was connected by apexes of two needle-shaped rods sharing three comparable dimensions, while a Y shape was constructed by a V-shaped rod and a straight one through planar stacking. This is the first example of such a straight and branched topology achieved at high pH without the assistance of organic additives. Our findings will be potentially applicable to a range of naturally abundant colloidal nanocrystallites (e.g., metal (oxyhydr)oxide and sul...


A carboxyl group modifier, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was used to study the interactions between three components of toluene dioxygenase (TDO) from Pseudomonas putida F1. Ferredoxin TOL activity was increased by the treatment with EDC; however, the activity was rapidly declined in the prolonged incubation. In covalent cross-linking experiments with EDC, Ferredoxin TOL made a one-to-one complex with Reductase TOL or the large subunit of ISP TOL . These results provide evidence for the involvement of electrostatic interactions in the TDO electron transfer system.


A parent's right to maintain a relationship with his/her child lies within the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution; however, this right does not apply to every type of parent. Although the U.S. Supreme Court granted same-sex couples the right to marry, they still face parental rights issues when their child(ren) are nonbiological or nonadoptive because they lack standing for custody and/or visitation as de facto parents. Moreover, the rise of nontraditional same-sex-couple families has been placing states in a predicament, and the lack of uniform rights for de facto parents creates great inconsistency across the United States. The creation of a uniform statute with specific elements distinguishing de facto parents from mere caretakers will grant same-sex nonbiological parents standing and create uniformity across the United States.


Qualitative survey data are used widely to provide indicators of economic activity ahead of the publication of ocial data. Traditional indicators exploit only aggregate survey information, namely the proportions of respondents who report "up" and "down". This paper considers disaggregate or firm-level survey responses. It derives alternative disaggregate indicators of economic activity relating firms' categorical responses to ocial data using ordered discrete-choice models. An application to firm-level survey data from the Confederation of British Industry shows that the disaggregate indicators of manufacturing output growth provide more accurate early estimates of manufacturing output growth than traditional aggregate indicators.


In this paper, the particles of quantum gases, that is, bosons and fermions are regarded as g-ons which obey fractional exclusion statistics. With this point of departure the thermostatistical relations concerning the Bose and Fermi systems are unified under the g-on formulation where a fractal approach is adopted. The fractal inspired entropy, the partition function, distribution function, the thermodynamics potential and the total number of g-ons have been found for a grand canonical g-on system. It is shown that from the g-on formulation; by a suitable choice of the parameters of the nonextensivity q, the parameter of the fractional exclusion statistics g, nonextensive Tsallis () 1 ≠ q as well as extensive (q=1) standard thermostatistical relations of the Bose and Fermi systems are recovered.


Following an out of hospital cardiac arrest, Matthew donated his kidneys and corneas. Whilst many of the challenges faced during the organ donation process are commonplace, for a regional hospital that had not experienced any donation activity for approximately 10 years, many issues proved difficult. To add to the complexity of the case, Matthew was also a staff member of our regional hospital. What we discovered during this case highlighted the many gaps in our policy and led to the development and implementation of a more comprehensive, relevant document, reflective of the current donation process. By clearly outlining and defining the role each staff member would be required to fulfil during a case (within this health care facility) the donation process has improved markedly. Anecdotally, staff confidence and interest in organ donation has increased, as evidenced by both critical care and operating room staff demonstrating their interest in either participating in further education or, more importantly, becoming clinical champions, in their practice areas, for organ and tissue donation.


Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus and observe the antitumor effect of the double suicide gene therapy to three different colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods Cytosine deami-nase (CD) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) fusion gene were transfected into LoVo colon cancer cells, HCT-8 colon cancer cells and HR-834813 rectal cancer cells via an adenovirous vector. Clony forming test and MTT method were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of HSV-tk/GCV (ganci-clovir) system and CD/5-FC(5-fluorocytosine) system against tumor cells. The bystander effect was also observed. Results Western blot analysis demonstrated the fusion protein could be effectively expressed in these three kinds of transfected tumor cells. The plating efficiency of transfection groups and control group was 94, 93, 95 and 96, 92, 94 in the absence of 5-FC and GCV, respectively. There was no statistical significance between them, P 0.05. In the presence of 5-FC(80 mg/L)and GCV(0. 8 mg/L), the survival rate of tumor cells was reduced to 2.1 % , 4. 3 % and 3.2%, significantly different from that before administration ( P 0.01) . Strong bystander effect could be obtained when the proportion of transfected cells in the mixing group was 5 % and the cell killing ratio was increased to 22.2 % , 34.8 % and 40.4 % respectively. Conclusion Significant antitumor effects could be obtained with the combined use of CD, TK fusion gene and double prodrugs.


Functional foods are a wide variety of food products, of which some are even classified as nutrients, influencing a variety of body functions that are important to either a condition of prosperity or well-being or diminishment in a danger of certain interminable illness. Nutrition has advanced from the aversion of dietary deficiency and the foundation of nutrition standards, dietary rules and food guides to the advancement of a state of well-being and health and the reduction of the danger of ailments. The present study is focused on developing a food product helpful in managing Diabetes Mellitus with its acceptability studies to the industry as well as the society. The baked chips were made from the variations in bitter gourd powder and rest ingredients as in same weight. Five variations were prepared in different ratios. Then a panel of trained experts decide the best sample in terms of taste, color, texture, stickiness and overall acceptability. Sample D was rated best and then it was administered to fifty subjects suffering from Diabetes Mellitus. The incorporation of Eight chips in the diet of Diabetic patients resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose levels. The food products are better way to heal people with positive mind as people relish the food product otherwise nobody will be eating bitter gourd as its taste is very bitter. Interventions Obes Diabetes Copyright © Luxita Sharma 185 How to cite this article: Luxita S. Baked Chips Developed from Bitter Gourd, Moong Dal Flour and Gymnema Sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus. Interventions Obes Diabetes. 2(4). IOD.000541.2018. DOI: 10.31031/IOD.2018.02.000541 Volume 2 Issue 4 Figure 2: Diabetes can be controlled and cured mainly by the food that we eat. Nowadays scientists are researching for the anti-diabetic properties present in different food items and production of several food items combined with natural antidiabetic herbs. These days the demands are high for these products. So, keeping in mind the baked chips contain bitter gourd, moong dal flour and Gymnema sylvestre were prepared. The main compound present in Bitter gourd is an insulin-like compound called Polypeptide-p or p-insulin which has the properties to reduce blood glucose levels. Review of Literature Scientific studies have also established that many chronic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and obesity, among others, are directly related to the type of food being consumed. This change in the tastes, preferences and the demands of modern consumers have created a new area of development and challenges in food and nutritional science. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to develop a product using chia seeds and exploit its various benefits and potentials. A study done proved that a four-week clinical trial on diabetic subjects resulted in reduction of blood glucose and the quantity prescribed was 2,000mg of bitter gourd when taken on regular basis. Yellow moong dal refers to moong beans that have been skinned and split, so that they're flat, yellow, and quick-cooking. They're relatively easy to digest. They can be made into moong bean paste by de-hulling, cooking, and pulverizing the beans to the consistency of a dry paste. Gymnema sylvestre is a natural herb which have sugar level lowering properties. Many Scientists have completed the researches on the antidiabetic properties of the herb. The study included the Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre on NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) patients (K. Bhaskaran,1990). An extract of Gymnema sylvestre called GS4, has role in controlling hyperglycemia was investigated. It showed that the patients showed a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated plasma proteins. Five of the 22 diabetic patients were able to discontinue their conventional drug and maintain their blood glucose homeostasis with GS4 alone. These data proposed that the beta cells may be regenerated/ repaired in Type II diabetic patients on GS4 supplementation.


The smallest complete Java™ virtual machine implementations in use today are based on the CLDC standard and are deployed in mobile phones and PDAs. These implementations require several tens of kilobytes. Smaller Java-like implementations also exist, but these involve compromises in Java semantics. This paper describes a JVM™ architecture designed for very small devices. It supports all the CLDC Java platform semantics, including exact garbage collection, dynamic class loading, and verification. For portability and ease of debugging, the entire system is written in the Java language, with key components automatically translated into C and compiled for the target device. The resulting system will run on the next generation of smart cards, and has performance comparable to the reference CLDC implementation available from Sun™.


Mango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the family Anacardiaceae originated in Indo-Burma region. The fruit has been in cultivation in Indian sub-continental for well over 4000 years and has been the favourite of the kings and commoners. Alphonso is one of the most popular varieties of India. The fruits are very attractive, large in size having a prominent ventral shoulder and attractive pinkish flush toward the basal end.The taste is superb with an excellent sugar: acid blend and captivating flavour besides being a Table cultivar, much in demand it is a favoured fruits of the processing industry because it remains its characteristics flavour even during processing. But Alphonso has a problem of alternate bearing which is considered as one of the long standing unresolved problems, directly and substantially contributing to poor production. In order to improve the yield of the crop several micronutrients studied were conducted.


The complete electronic (occupied and unoccupied states) and vibrational structure of thin films of bithiophene in undoped form and after alkali doping have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The ultraviolet (UV) photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra demonstrate clearly the filling of the LUMO of bithiophene in the doping process due to charge transfer from the alkali atoms, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the formation of dianion (bipolaronlike) states in the HOMO–LUMO band gap at high doping levels, respectively. High-resolution electron energy loss spectra (HREELS) have been used to probe the vibrational structure of the bithiophene films, and the formation of a quinoidic structure on Cs doping is well reflected in HREELS by the advent of an intense vibrational structure at 206 meV, which is due to the stiffened C–C interring bond as also predicted by theory.


Increasing research and development activities, especially in the private sector, it is possible through tax incentives for companies witch unfold research and development activities. A tax incentive represents an important determined in innovative behavior. For designing and measuring public support to research and development activities it is often not sufficient to focus only on tax rate effects of research and development activities , tax incentives and the design of a tax incentive must be in accordance with the framing tax system in order to be effective. Though this research is revealed that the tax incentives brings no increase innovation.


The title nanocrystals with narrow size distributions are prepared by injecting a solution of SeO2 in octadecene into a mixture of CuCl, ZnO, GeCl4, hexadecylamine, n-tetradecylphosphonic acid, and octadecene at 295 °C (5 min, rapid cooling).


This note connects two topics of complexity theory: The topic of succinct circuit representations initiated by Galperin and Wigderson (19831, and the topic of leaf language classes initiated by Bovet et al. (1992). It will be shown for any language that its succinct version is polynomial-time many-one complete for the leaf language class determined by it.