Although a Si(100) surface forms dimers to produce a stable structure, it contains defects such as steps which are thought to affect surface resistance. We measured the surface resistance of step-containing Si manufactured by an ordinary process, and discovered that Si exhibits angular characteristics (anisotropy). After performing measurements at 10° intervals over two revolutions of 360°, we found that the results are reproducible between the first and second turns, that the resistance is periodic with periods of 180° and 360°, and that the sheet resistances measured by the four-point-probe method are 7–13-fold greater than those calculated from the bulk resistance and thickness of the samples. Similar measurements were performed on step-free Si surfaces, which were found to exhibit almost no periodicity and had a sheet resistance is of 4–10-fold the bulk value. It was suggested that the periodicity of resistance is caused by the presence of many steps on the Si surface.


This paper discusses a potential security issue in common operating system and application environments regarding dynamically attached devices and device interfaces. A set of countermeasures for the identified threats is described along with the integration of countermeasures into a policy-based security infrastructure; finally, an implementation of the countermeasure in the form of a policy enforcement module integrated into the kernel of the Microsoft Windows 2000/XP family of operating systems is described.


Summary form only given. We have reported a helical-scan tape system using MR heads as read heads. In this work, we have studied a tape recording at a channel rate of 200 Mbps, which is about double that of the current recording tape-streamer. By using MR heads and low noise ME tape, we have improved the performance of the CNR of the high clock-rate read channel. The impedance noise spectrum of the MR head is flat. The media noise is dominant in the total noise. The power of the media noise is kept constant at various recording rate.


Introduction Henoch Schonlien Purpura(HSP ),the most common non granulomatous ,immune complex mediated small vessel vasculitis in children involves multiple organs [1–2]. In adults and infants less than 2 years it tends to have an atypical course with higher rate of gastrointestinal and renal complications [1]. HSP nephritis is reported to occur in 20-80% of patients and characterized by mesangial or mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with varying degree of hypercelullarity Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is rare in children with HSP. One to seven percent patients suffer from end stage renal disease [3,4]. On Imunofluoroscence renal biopsy shows, predominantly granular deposits of IgA in the mesangium and to a lesser extent IgG or IgM deposits [5]. Full house on inmmunofluorosence is the term given to the characteristic histological findings in lupus nephritis which include glomerular deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and C1q [6]. We report a case of HSP who presented with edema over dorsum of hands and feet, arthritis and immune complex mediated rapidly progressive nephritis with full house picture on immunofluoroscencea rare occurrence. Abstract


For the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, electronic pacemakers are often employed. However, they have issues such as bio-incompatibility and battery limitations. Recently, the use of cells expressing hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 4 (HCN4) channels for use as pacemaker cells instead of electronic pacemakers has attracted increasing attention. However, the cell transplantation treatment was not sufficiently effective because of the low engraftment rate of the transplanted cells and the risk of inflammatory reactions. Here, in order to overcome these issues, we constructed 3D-pacemaker tissues composed of mouse-embryonic-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs) in which the HCN4 gene had been introduced by the cell accumulation technique. The obtained tissues beat faster than control tissues and beats per minute (BPM) increased clearly with tissue thickness. This is the first report suggesting the relation between BPM and tissue thickness. Moreover, the pacemaker tissue could control the beating of the patched tissue.


This study examines the relationship of Verbal Protocol Patterns (VPP) to the core facilitative conditions of Accurate Empathy (AE) and Warmth (W) described by Truax and Carkhuff. The specific question addressed is: "What is the degree of relationship of certain verbal protocol patterns of college resident counselors to the variables of Accurate Empathy and Warmth?" The findings suggest that in this study more reflective, non-judgmental counselors were rated as providing a better counseling relationship when the measures of the relationship were the Truax Accurate Empathy and Warmth Scales. Interpretations of the findings are discussed.


Abstract —Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is a scalingmethod used to estimate long-range power-law correlation expo-nents in noisy signals. Data acquisition is an inherent part ofthe method. Continuous signals are converted into discretized,digital signals when the signals are sampled and then quantized,and the digital signals shall be referred to as coarse-grainedresults. In addition, coarse-graining is also a useful means to getrobust information of a dynamical system by mapping originalsignals into symbol sequences. Therefore, it is important tolearn how coarse-graining affects the results of DFA for signals.In this paper, we study the effects of coarse-graining on DFAfor noisy signals with three types of correlation properties, i.e.anti-correlated, long-range correlated and uncorrelated signals.The result shows that the effects of coarse-graining on DFAare closely related to the correlation properties of signals. Tounderstand the scaling behavior of coarse-grained signals, wediscuss the properties of difference signals caused by coarse-graining procedure, and then describe a coarse-grained signal asan additive white noise signal with the original signal. Finally,we build a model for accurately simulating the scaling of coarse-grained signals by means of superposition rule of rms fluctuationfunction.


Fluctuation relations are identities, holding in non-equilibrium systems, that have attracted a lot of interest in the last 20 years. This is a series of 4 lectures discussing various aspects of such relations for stochastic equations modeling non-equilibrium processes.


A series of monaural and binaural acoustical measurements were taken at several source locations and multiple receiver locations in lecture halls, theaters, and multi‐use rooms using the acoustical research instrumentation for architectural spaces (ARIAS) system. The rooms studied included a fire stair, small class rooms, lecture halls, theaters, and large, multi‐use auditoria among others. Measurements of reverberation time, early decay time, early to late temporal energy ratios at various time periods, center time, lateral energy fractions, loudness, and interaural cross correlations were made. Reflectograms for locations within each room were also made. Summary graphs showing ranges of each measurement within each of the rooms and discussion of similarities and differences among the groups of rooms will be presented. [Work supported by the National Science Foundation.]


Purpose: To present a method for estimating the local arterial input function (AIF) within a dynamic contrastenhanced MRI scan, based on the alternating minimization with model (AMM) method. Materials and Methods: This method clusters a subset of data into representative curves, which are then input to the AMM algorithm to return a parameterized AIF and pharmacokinetic parameters. Computer simulations are used to investigate the accuracy with which the AMM is able to estimate the true AIF as a function of the input tissue curves. Results: Simulations show that a power law relates uncertainty in kinetic parameters and SNR and heterogeneity of the input. Kinetic parameters calculated with the measured AIF are significantly different from those calculated with either a global (P < 0.005) or a local input function (P ¼ 0.0). The use of local AIFs instead of measured AIFs yield mean lesion-averaged parameter changes: K trans : þ24% [þ15%, þ70%], kep: þ13% [� 36%, þ300%]. Globally estimated input functions yield mean lesionaveraged changes: K trans : þ9% [� 38%, þ65%], kep: þ13% [� 100%, þ400%]. The observed improvement in fit quality with local AIFs was found to be significant when additional free parameters were accounted for using the Akaike information criterion. Conclusion: Local AIFs result in significantly different kinetic parameter values. The statistically significant improvement in fit quality suggests that changes in parameter estimates using local AIFs reflect differences in underlying tissue physiology.


Degradation behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was analyzed by means of simultaneous thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Weight loss and the production behavior of hydrogen chloride and organic materials with PVC degradation was clearly divided into three stages at lower heating rate. Dehydrochlorination was occurred mainly in the first and second stages. Benzene was formed mainly in the first stage with dehydrochlorination.


Corresponding autor: Brad S. Karon Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 Phone: 507-538-4921 Fax: 507-538-7060 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Disclosures: No financial support or conflicts of interest to disclose.


Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate on long-lived proteins, including β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease, and are suggested to contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. We have investigated the effects of a model AGE upon glucose metabolism and energy production in a neuroblastoma cell line. AGEs decrease cellular ATP levels and increase glucose consumption and lactate production. All of the AGE-induced metabolic changes can be attenuated by antioxidants such as (R+)-α-lipoic acid and 17β-estradiol. These antioxidants may become useful drugs against (AGE-mediated) effects in neurodegeneration through their positive effects on cellular energy metabolism.


The study deals with the manufacture of so-called fly-eye mirror in EUV lithography by means of an ultraprecision 5-axis control milling. It is extremely difficult to manufacture a highly accurate fly-eye mirror by conventional methods such as photolithography, mechanical cutting by a lathe and so on since it consists of 500 circular arc mirror elements of 15 mm in length and 1 mm in width having a spherical surface of 660 mm in radius and there are minute steps among them. ln order to manufacture fly-eye mirror with high accuracy and efficiency, the study proposes two new machining methods to manufacture spherical surface by employing a rotational single-crystal diamond tool. 0ne is to use a sphere type tool with circular arc cutting edge of 660 mm in radius. The rotation of the cutting tool forms a convex spherical surface of 600 mm in radius within a circle of 1 mm in diameter. The movement of the cutting tool along the circular arc of a mirror elements makes it possible to machine fly-eye mirror elements. Though the method is theoretically efficient, it is found that it is not practical due to the difficulty of manufacturing the tool accurately. The other is to use a flat type tool with the cutting edge angle of 90 degree. The tool enables to manufacture spherical surfaces with any radius by feeding it along the mirror surface and bears practical use because the cutting method is independent of tool form accuracy. Machining experiment was conducted by use of the latter tool. The machined circular are mirror elements of oxgen-free copper show smooth spherical surface and required steps among them without any burrs. lt is found that the proposed method has the potential of producing the fly-eye mirror correctly.


Nation states all around the world adopted a New Urban Agenda (NUA) at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in Quito, Ecuador, in October 2016. The NUA brings to the fore the importance of human settlements and urbanization in international development, following the agreements in previous conferences in Vancouver (1976) and Istanbul (1996). One key innovation of the NUA is the recognition of the transformative power of urbanization to deliver jobs, facilitate the spread of technology, and harness sustainability (UN-Habitat 2016). The NUA calls for cities that "leave no one behind". This emphasis on addressing inequality also underpins other international development policy, such as the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals.
The NUA calls for Green Cities as engines of sustainable economic growth, offering green investment opportunities such as environmentally friendly construction, sustainable transport, and waste management solutions. According to this international policy agenda, Green Cities should deliver all of the above while responding to changing societal demands. Urban inequality, however, is not foregrounded in Green Cities' agendas. There is no clear insight about the integration of these two separate aspects of the NUA.
I contend that visions of Green Cities as engines of sustainable economic growth are misplaced. Instead, Green Cities should advance urban futures that engage with the needs of citizens, address questions of social and environmental justice, and work with the existing city rather than imposing on it any models of development. My argument focuses on four themes: 1) the promises advanced in Green City discourses; 2) the efforts to integrate social justice agendas in environmental sustainability; 3) the need to revision the variety of natures that integrate the city; and, to conclude, 4) the focus on contradiction as a means to look for new ideas about the city.


Transcranial ultrasound is more and more used for therapy and imaging of the brain. However, the skull is a highly attenuating and aberrating medium, with different structures and acoustic properties between samples and even within a sample. Thus, case-specific simulations are needed to perform transcranial focused ultrasound interventions safely. In this article, we provide a review of the different methods used to model the skull and to simulate ultrasound propagation through it. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Based on model reference adaptive controller (MRAC), differential internal model controller (DIMC) and disturbance observer, a compound internal model control (IMC) method is proposed in this paper for turntable servo control system. IMC uses the error between outputs of object model and actual object as the feedback, and makes the controller close to the inverse of the model to achieve satisfactory control effect. In order to solve the problem of mismatching of parameters, MRAC is employed to design a novel adaptive controller. Differentiator is introduced to construct an improved controller to increase the tracking accuracy. Then disturbance observer (DOB) is introduced to compensate the friction to further improve the tracking accuracy. Simulation results prove that the proposed control scheme effectively increases the tracking accuracy and enhances the system robustness against parameter variations and external disturbances.


[Objective] The biochemical characteristics and value of Elaphe dione blood were understood in the period of and after hibernation through the test.[Method] With automatic biochemical analyzer,13 biochemical indicators of the snake were tested and compared of their change.[Results] The blood viscosity of the snake was increased in the period of hibernation,total protein(TP),and the blood glucose(BG),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C),Low-density lipoprotein(LDH-C),potassium,phosphorus and magnesium were significantly higher in the period of hibernation than those after hibernation.[Conclusion] This change could lead to the enhancement of transport capacity of snake blood in the period of hibernation so that a minimum level of nutrient exchange and transportation could be ensured.


This article discusses supply response for milk in California with the emphasis on the impact of profitability of milk production. Profitability variables are specified as profit margin per cow due to the availability of cost of production data. California production is disaggregated into five regional response equations for market (Grade A) milk and an equation for manufacturing milk (Grade B). Econometric results for larger, more specialized dairies indicate very inelastic responses and long production lags. Results for smaller, less specialized dairies indicate elastic responses and somewhat shorter lags.


This article explores the hypothesis that the meta-category "conflict" centralizes and structures newscasts based on a bipolar framing. Characters from the political scene are placed successively against each other, interweaving the narrative texture. Conflict is taken as a pre-category preceding that which will become news, from which other subcategories (protagonist, antagonist, enemy) derive. Thus, news coverage not only represents political reality, but delimits and institutes it as well. The empirical analysis presented in the article focuses on the coverage of a recent political scandal by the Jornal Nacional, the main television newscast in Brazil.


This paper introduces how to construct or reform the specialized gardens in Guilin Botanic Garden,such as the Curious Plant Garden,the Sweet Osmanthus Garden,the Yellow Camellia Garden,the Rare and Endangered Plant Garden,the Cycad and Palm Section and the Gymnosperm Section,etc.The measures are as follows:try to keep the original terrain and plants;introduce aim plants from the wild or other botanic gardens or arboreta;choose subordinate plants and their planting sites in accordance with the whole garden's landscape and their habitat;build infrastructure such as paths,landscape architecture,ponds,etc;set up public education equipment such as show windows,brief introduction brands,plant labels,etc.Such gardens are quite scientific and diverse in the sources,collection,cultivation and layout of plants and landscape construction.


This thesis focuses on social networks as part of an inheritance, a problem known as digital legacy. Unlike previous publications on this subject, it focuses on the dogmatics of the postmortem protection of secrecy, which has received very little consideration so far. Before answering this substantial question, it addresses the issue of the hereditability of continuing obligations. Its central chapter on the postmortem protection of secrecy first clarifies the basics of the protection of secrecy while an individual is alive with its manifestations of the secrecy of telecommunications and data protection. After that, the thesis clarifies how the legal situation changes postmortem and what dogmatics are behind that change. The book closes with a chapter on the regulations on inheritance in the terms and conditions of the providers of social networks.


The palynological analysis of the Cortaderas Formation at Quebrada de la Cortadera, San Juan, Argentina is presented herein. The assemblage includes continental and marine species which suggest an early Carboniferous age for the sequence.


Purpose: To examine treatment outcomes of Gamma Knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery (GK-based SRS) for secretory pituitary adenomas. Materials and Methods: 25 patients were treated with GK-based SRS for secretory pituitary adenomas with ≧12 months of follow-up. Results: For prolactinomas, 2 of 4 patients (50%) showed normalization of serum prolactin at a mean time of 18 months. One of 4 had a ≧50% decrease but still abnormal prolactin levels. For adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting tumors, 6 of 12 patients (50%) showed normalization of their endocrine levels at a median of 10 months. An additional 2 (17%) had a ≧50% decrease. For growth hormone-secreting tumors, 4 of 9 patients (44%) showed normalization of endocrine levels at a median time of 30 months. Two patients (22%) had ≧50% lower but abnormal endocrine levels. Conclusion: GK-based SRS provides a reasonable rate of endocrine normalization of secretory pituitary adenoma. The time to endocrine response is shorter than reported for fractionated external beam radiotherapy. There is a low risk of optic neuropathy.


The popularity of pickleball has created many avid players seeking more pickleball courts in community parks, apartment complexes, homeowners' associations, country clubs, and residential neighborhoods. Existing tennis courts are often used for both tennis and pickleball. Nearby residents
 accustomed to sounds from tennis will hear a louder sound from pickleball and a sound with different tonal qualities. Depending on the sound level and the distance from the pickleball court, pickleball sound can be a source of annoyance. Several explanations are given why community noise ordinances
 fail to properly address pickleball sounds. Sound mitigation strategies for pickleball play are described that follow traditional approaches for noise control at the source, along the path, and at the receiver. These approaches include use of commercially available acoustical materials, reorientation
 of courts, preferred paddles and balls, new site locations, and play schedules. The expected noise reductions for each option are outlined to help determine if pickleball noise can be compatible with residential environments. Estimates of minimum distances from courts where pickleball sound
 will not be an annoyance are made considering the background sound and the sound mitigation in place.


This study aimed at testing the applicability of an activity organized by using GIS, GPS, and Google Earth technologies together in secondary school geography lessons. The study was carried out during a GIS course which was organized for geography teachers working in Istanbul in cooperation with Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education and Fatih University.


BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of breast cancer includes not only physical but also social and psychological factors that also influence body image and sexuality of women.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational cross-sectional study with 77 women over 18 years of age and who had completed radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The socialdemographic and clinical data were obtained through a clinical assessment form and the clinical data from medical records. We used the subscales of the EORTC QLQ BR 23 questionnaire to assess body image, sexual desire, sexual frequency and satisfaction.
RESULTS: 59. 8% of the women are aged between 40 and 59. 66. 2% are housewives and/or retired.57. 1% have no partner and 53. 2% have only primary education. Regarding clinical data, 90. 9% had 10 or more lymph nodes dissected and 46% had no lymph nodes. 66. 2% underwent conservative surgery and only two patients (2. 6%) underwent breast reconstruction. The main therapeutics used were radiotherapy (90. 9%) and/or chemotherapy (87%). The seroma formation was the most frequent postoperative complication (46. 8%), followed by dehiscense (23. 4%). Low scores were observed regarding body image (63.57), sexual desire (34. 63), sexual frequency (32. 03) and sexual satisfaction (45. 91). Younger women with no partner and with a higher educational level had higher sexual desire (p <0. 001, p <0. 001 and p = 0. 006 respectively) and higher sexual frequency (p = 0. 027, p <0. 001 and p = 0. 023 respectively). There was no correlation between body image and the context of sexual activity.
DISCUSSION: Conservative surgery prevailed and the age group data show women in a highly productive age. However, their body image is changed. Low scores related to sexual desire, sexual frequency and satisfaction were observed. According to Santos and Vieira (2011) breast surgery, whether conservative or not, as well as other treatments interferes on body image and sexuality.
It is observed that the fact of having cancer alters the woman's perception of herself as a woman and that the breast is the organ that is mostly associated with femininity and sexuality (BERTERO, 2002, GOMES et al, 2002, VAZIRI and KASHANI 2012). Younger women, with no partner and with higher education levels had better sexual function. These results are corroborated by Rebelo et al (2007). Other studies, however, show that younger women with no partners had worse scores in relation to sexuality (HUGUET et al, 2009, GANZ et al, 2003).
CONCLUSION: The body image and sexuality of those women are altered. Younger women with no partners and with more schooling have better sexual functioning. For professionals, these data represent a challenge both in evaluation and in the assessment of strategies that address body image and sexual function.


To make sure that customer receive a personal attention, the front-office officer calling customers day by day to remind customer to maintain their vehicles regularly. This routine was done by phone, called Maintenance Reminder System (MRS) but this process considered costly and takes much time. In this paper, we will propose new model to remind customer utilize short message service. By using our proposed model, the service provider company gained cost effectiveness and increase time efficiency. According to the result, using short message service (SMS) system can remind 5-10 customers to maintain their vehicles within a minute more efficient compared to calling customer one-by-one. In this work we use data retrieved from System Aplication and Product in Data Processing (SAP).


The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death reviewed the quality of care provided to adults who presented to hospital following an epileptic seizure. Clinical and organisational changes are highlighted that aim to improve patient care and outcomes.


Privacy preserving data mining algorithms have been intensively investigated since 2000. But almost all these approaches don't consider different privacy attitudes of different people. Some people are willing to provide their privacy data to investigators under almost any condition. Thus the privacy- preserving algorithm grouping informants will lead to higher accuracy of results. The Warner model, an important algorithm on collecting privacy data, limits the probability of randomized response and two questions in the model are closely related, which decreases informants' cooperation. Hence we propose the grouping unrelated-question model (GUQM) for the first time to solve the limits of the Warner model and to collect privacy data of people with different attitudes about privacy. Furthermore, we combine association rules mining with GUQM to solve the high time complexity in association rules mining. The paper analyzes the algorithm's validity, privacy protection and time complexity in theory. The experimental results show the effect of every parameter in our algorithm on the results of mining association rules.


Antioxidants have been widely used as additives to provide protection against oxidative degradation of foods by free radicals. The effect of thyme essence (Zataria multiflora Boiss) on the rancidity development in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fillets during frozen storage was studied. Cobia fillets were treated with thyme essence (250 and 500 ppm) and then stored at −18°C for up to 6 months. Rancidity development was measured by several biochemical indices including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and complemented by sensory analysis (flesh odor, consistency, and appearance). Also, pH and expressible moisture were measured during 6-month storage. Proximate composition was also determined in the first day. TBA, PV, and FFA levels increased in all treatments due to lipid oxidation. Thyme essence showed an antioxidative effect in cobia fillets during frozen storage as indicated by TBA, PV, and FFA levels. Results showed that FFA, primary and secondary oxidation products, expressible moisture (EM), and pH of thyme essence treated samples were significantly lower than those of the control samples (p < 0.05). Thyme essence retarded oxidative changes in frozen cobia fillets, and the best oxidation inhibition was obtained using thyme essence at 500 ppm.


This paper focuses on the musical movement called spectral music (almost exclusively concerning its French form). Spectral music contributed to a deeper reflection of the interrelationship between the phenomena of the instrumental timbre and the pitch organization and, in this matter, has been perhaps the most significant music style from the seventies up to the present. The introductory chapters contain general characterizations of the historical context of spectral music, as well as the description of its initial gesture and structural basis. The main part of the paper follows, dealing with the individual compositional techniques: the analyses of particular musical examples chosen from the pieces by the leading figures of this musical movement (Gerard Grisey, Tristan Murail and others). The aim of the conclusion is to shortly confront the spectral compositional techniques with the serial ones.


The neutron energy measurement is important to evaluate the neutron ambient dose-equivalent. A Bonner sphere spectrometer is a very powerful tool for the measurement of the large dynamic range of neutron energy. However, online monitoring of the neutron energy with Bonner spheres is hard to achieve because of the complex unfolding procedure. For this purpose, the neutron energy monitoring system consisted of a few 3He proportional counters with cylindrical moderators were developed and their responses were evaluated using MCNPX transport calculations. The range of neutron energy from thermal to 5 GeV was divided into four intervals and six neutron energy spectra were studied to get the weighted average of the response. Spectral neutron fluences of 252Cf source and D2O-moderated 252Cf source were measured in the neutron irradiation room at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. The measured spectra were compared to those by the Bonner sphere spectrometer. The result showed that the neutron energy spectra using the weighted average response of cosmic-ray induced neutron distribution agreed with that obtained by offline analysis of the Bonner sphere spectrometer within 20 %. The system will be used to monitor the environmental neutrons in the near future.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of remifentanil, esmolol, and lidocaine administered before a tracheal intubation on the autonomic nervous system using heart rate variability. Methods: In a randomized, prospective trial, we enrolled 60 patients undergoing a tracheal intubation under general anesthesia. After an induction of anesthesia using propofol and rocuronium, patients received either remifentanil 1.0 μg/kg (group R), esmolol 1.0 mg/kg (group E), or lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg (group L). Standard deviation of the normal to normal interval (SDNN), low frequency power (LF), and high frequency power (HF) were measured before and after the administration of three drugs. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured before and after the tracheal intubation. Results: SDNN was not different between three groups. After the administration of drugs, LF mainly indicating the sympathetic nervous system activity was lower in the group E than in group R and L. HF indicating the parasympathetic nervous system activity was higher in group R than in group E and L. After the tracheal intubation, heart rate was lower in group R and E than in group L. Mean arterial pressure was lower in group R than in group E and L. Conclusion: Hemodynamic changes according to the tracheal intubation were attenuated by remifentanil 1 μg/kg or esmolol 1 mg/kg, not by lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg. Remifentanil stimulated parasympathetic nervous system and esmolol suppressed sympathetic nervous system.


SUMMARY In female patients, infertility may be regarded as an essential loss of femininity and infertility after cancer, and is known to be associated with psychosocial distress. Fertility preservation is thus an important issue for young women diagnosed with breast cancer. Nevertheless, breast cancer patients have traditionally not been offered the most well-established methods for fertility preservation, such as embryo and oocyte freezing, as a rise in estradiol during standard stimulation protocols has been regarded as potentially deleterious in these patients. Alternative protocols for stimulation, such as those using tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, have therefore been developed. Protocols including aromatase inhibitors have been demonstrated to be more effective than those using tamoxifen in terms of the number of oocytes and embryos obtained, while maintaining estradiol levels within the normal range of a menstrual cycle. Cryopreservation of immature oocytes and ovarian cortical tissue are metho...


The temporal properties of a sample of 498 bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with durations between 0.05 s and 674 s were analysed. The large range in duration (T90) is accompanied by a similarly large range in the median values of the pulse timing properties including rise time, fall time, FWHM and separation between the pulses. Four timing diagrams relating these pulse properties to T90 are presented and show the power law relationships between the median values of the 4 pulse timing properties and T90, but also that the power laws depend in a consistent manner on the number of pulses per GRB. The timing diagrams are caused by the correlated properties of the pulses in the burst and can be explained by a combination of factors including the Doppler boost factor Gamma, a viewing effect caused by a jet and different progenitors. GRBs with similar values of T90 have a wide range in the number of pulses. GRBs with the large number of short and spectrally hard pulses may occur either from a homogeneous jet with a higher average value of Gamma or close to the axis of an inhomogeneous jet with higher values of Gamma near the rotation axis. The less luminous GRBs with fewer pulses may originate further from the axis of the inhomogeneous jet. The pulses in GRBs have six distinctive statistical properties including correlations between time intervals, correlations between pulse amplitudes, an anticorrelation between pulse amplitudes and time intervals, and a link to intermittency in GRS 1915+105. The timing diagrams and correlated pulses suggest that GRBs are powered by accretion processes signalling jets from the formation of black holes.


Amblystoma tigrinum larvae was attempted, therefore, in the hope that this would either confirm or disprove the foregoing hypothesis. In addition, it was thought that such a study might add a few facts to our knowledge of the general physiology of blood vessels. The present paper will deal with the reaction of the branchial vessels to adrenalin, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Evidence will be presented to show that there are two sets of blood vessels in the same gill arch, one set of which dilates under the influence of adrenalin, while the other set constricts. This reaction, hereafter, will be referred to as a "differential reaction" of the blood vessels of a branchial arch. It had been stated in earlier papers (Figge, 1930, 1934) that a change in the oxygen tension of the blood supplying the gills was at least partly responsible for gill reduction. It was, therefore, especially desirable to know how these two sets of vessels would react to changes in the oxygen and carbon dioxide tension of the blood. It was found that the two sets of blood vessels also reacted in a differential manner to both oxygen and carbon dioxide. I This paper is part of a thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Maryland Graduate School in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.


Writers in leadership and organizational studies have accrued a long history of interest in assorted complexity ideas, ranging from the pseudo-scientific and almost evangelistic (Wheatley 1994, 1996) to the more scholarly and empirical (Stacey 1995, 2005). Complexity language offers an ebullience that fits well with the predilection of some to insist upon a leadership/management dualism: that is, the claim that leadership is an art, involving creativity, flow and dialogue, in contrast to 'management' which is unenlightened plodding in dull administration, hierarchy, and authoritative direction. Leadership consultants wielding versions of 'chaos' or complexity 'science' have flooded paperbacks and boardrooms with notions of emergence, self-organization and interconnectivity since at least the 1990s (Eoyang 1996, Senge 1990). So successful has been this wave that many organisational leaders were swept into adoption of 'complexity' approaches. For researchers, one happy result has been the proliferation of organisational sites offering concrete demonstration of the diverse impacts of complexity principles implemented as leadership strategy (e.g. Houchin &Maclean 2005).


An association of silicified spicules of hexactinellid sponges was collected from Silurian sandstones at the top of the La Chilca Formation, cropping out at Cerro del Fuerte, 20 km east of Jáchal, in the San Juan Precordillera of west‐central Argentina. This is the first occurrence of a Silurian spicule fauna recorded at higher palaeolatitudes from Argentina and the entire South American part of Gondwana. The spicules were extracted by means of formic acid treatment from sandstones of the uppermost part of the La Chilca Formation, which ranges in age from the late Hirnantian to Llandovery, based on graptolites, brachiopods and conodonts. The spicule association is composed only of scarce siliceous hexactine‐based spicules which cannot be attributed to any specific hexactinellid taxon. The fragmentary preservation of this allochthonous sponge assemblage points toward preburial transport. These spicules represent the only microfauna found in the uppermost sandstones. Macrofossils are absent. No conodonts have been recovered in these levels. Two interpretations on the spicules of the Precordillera can be argued: (a) that those early Silurian hexactinellids could have occurred in quartz sandstones of the shore‐facies to off‐shore transitional associations, in the upper La Chilca Formation, or (b) that these sponges flourished in mainly calcareous shales in quiet deep‐water conditions, and that their fragile spicules were removed and deposited by oceanic currents, on the top of the outer‐shelf sand bars.


In a recent paper, Reardon found that the relationship between family income and children's academic achievement grew substantially stronger in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States. We provide an international context for these results by examining the income–achievement association in 19 other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries using data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment. First, we calculate and compare the magnitude of "income achievement gaps" across this sample of countries. Second, we investigate the association between the size of a country's income achievement gap, its income inequality, and a variety of other country characteristics. We find considerable variation across countries in income achievement gaps. Moreover, the U.S. income achievement gap is quite large in comparison to this sample of countries. Our multivariate analyses show that the income achievement gap is positively associated with educational differentiation, modestly negatively associated with curricular standardization, and positively associated with national levels of poverty and inequality.


The use of NMR imaging as a quantitative research tool requires insight into the relationship between various imaging techniques and their resultant images. Work was undertaken to elucidate this relationship by using the following procedure. First, a theoretical model of NMR imaging under various pulse sequences was elaborated. Subsequently, a series of inversion recovery and saturation recovery images of a particular object slice was generated by varying the sequence parameters. Finally, pure rho , T1 and T2 images of that slice were obtained by solving the corresponding model equations. This procedure was applied to a test phantom containing tubes with suitable reference substances, including aqueous solutions of agar, manganese chloride and deuterium, and water-fat mixtures. Experiments were carried out with a prototype resistive NMR imager with a static magnetic field of 0.14 T, corresponding to a hydrogen proton resonance frequency of 5.9 MHz.


Sir David Brewster was a Scottish physicist who invented the kaleidoscope, made major improvements to the stereoscope, and discovered the polarization phenomenon of light reflected at specific angles. Brewster was born in Jedburgh, Scotland, in 1781 and grew to become a brilliant student who entered the University of Edinburgh at the age of 12 to study the ministry. He was a prolific writer and became editor of the Edinburgh Magazine in 1802 and the Edinburgh Encyclopedia in 1808. In 1799 as a teenager, Brewster's interests turned to physics with a keen focus on optics, and he constructed several telescopes while dabbling in the physics of light. Brewster was a licensed minister of the Church of Scotland but never practiced this career, instead pursuing the finer aspects of optics and light.


To the Editor: —The editorial comment on "The Chronic Abdomen," June 16, in which you take up and expand on the word of Dr. Robert Hutchison, is one which points out many lessons. Nature abhors a vacuum. And in the human mind there is a general protest against being ignored, against obscurity. The most obscure and unimportant individual at once comes to the center of the stage by invalidism. His invalidism attracts far more attention if it is surgical in character. In other words, the more dramatic the illness, the greater the attention. Then there is the deepset feeling in the minds of some people that there must be a definite and concrete cause for disease. This need is supplied by the osteopath and chiropractor and like cults. The patient is ill, and the cultist finds the exact palpable cause and he removes it. And, alas, too many orthodox surgeons,


The article reports that the signing into law of Republic Act No. 10881 in the Philippines on August 16, 2016 will make the country's financing industry more attractive to foreign investors.


Single-longitudinal-mode selfaligned (AlGa)As double-heterostructure (DH) lasers were fabricated by two-step molecular beam epitaxial technique. The AlGaAs surface was protected by a GaAs thin layer during the photolithographic process. The GaAs was thermally etched selectively just prior to regrowth in the MBE system. There was no problem associated with the regrowth of AlGaAs using this GaAs passivation technique. The room temperature CW threshold current for a device with a 200 µm-long and 3 µm-wide stripe was 40 mA. The emission wavelength was 780 nm and a fundamental transverse mode was achieved.


This study aimed to determine the level of rumen content and sludge mixture fermented with Cellulomonas sp. in the complete feed composition to optimize the rabbit's performance, weight increment, and food conversion. The study used 30 calf male rabbits strain New Zealand White (8–11 weeks old, 435-1,037 g). The feed consisted of fermented rumen content sludge mixture (FRCSM), and other feed materials, such as corn, coconut cake, pollard, bran, sugar drops and minerals. Rabbits were given complete feed with following treatment: R 0 = feed without FRCSM, R 1 = feed with 10% FRCSM, R 2 = feed with 20% FRCSM, R 3 = feed with 30% FRCSM, and R 4 = feed with 40% FRCSM. The results showed that the highest feed consumption and weight increment were found in the R 3 group by 60.5 g/individual/day and 17.8 g/individual/day, respectively. However, the R3 group exhibited the lowest food conversion (p<0.05) compared to another group. It was indicated that the R 3 group was a more efficient feed. Feed with 30% Cellulomonas sp.-fermented rumen content and sludge mixture (FRCSM) was an ideal feed composition for the rabbit to increase consumption and body weight increment and reduce food conversion.


Face recognition is a computer vision task which has a capability to recognize human according to their corresponding face features. Face recognition application in computer system have been developed in recent year including surveillance, human-computer interaction, and multimedia application. Some challenges will possibly be undergone in face recognition research mostly lie on deformation of face condition such as pose, expression, illumination, and accessories use that lead to a noticeable impact on recognition rate. In this research, two-dimensional Gabor wavelet filter bank was implemented to extract face image. Gabor filter has characteristic similar to wavelet that is localized in both time and frequency domain able to extract local feature on face image. Convolution process produces a face representation feature called Gaborface in a terms of magnitude information obtained from sinusoidal complex function. Features are formed as a column matrix concatenation which is called feature vector. At the end of process, one distance-based similarity measure, i.e., Euclidean Distance was implemented to perform a test measurement on data features vector with database features. Testing has been done by giving variation in some aspects, i.e., number of training data, face image deformation such pose and expression, and the variant of filter with variation in scale and orientation. The best system, based on this research, is achieved by $5 \times 8$ filter bank with accuracy up to 98,67%. The proposed method also shows a very well performance in recognizing the expression changes, but it cannot accommodate properly in pose changes.


This paper presents results from accelerated ageing of magnet wire insulated with a 43 μιη thick layer of polyimide. Tests were performed using samples of twisted wires and single wires covered with a silver painted grounded electrode. Comparable endurance measurements were done at different voltage and temperatures from 23°C to 215 °C. The result showed that the time to failure can be represented by the inverse power law and the Arrhenius equation with respect to test voltage and temperature respectively. Due to increasingly dominant partial discharge activity in the air gap between the twisted wires with increasing test voltage, extrapolation may lead to a too optimistic estimate of the expected time to breakdown at service conditions.


Objective To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of a combination method of crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solution during open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods The data of 66 patients undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass were retrospectively analyzed,including cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic cross-clamping time,spontaneous resuscitation rate,cardiac arrest time,heart rebeating time after aortic declamp and so on.Results In all of patients,cardiopulmonary bypass time was 63~268min,average time was(131.5±47.8)min;aortic cross-clamping time was 38~146min,average time was(88.4±45.1)min;there were 64 cases with spontaneous resuscitation(97%);cardiac arrest time was 15~220min,average time was(87.9±63.1)min;heart rebeating time after aortic declamp was 5~700s,average time was(181±159)s;there were 2 cases with electric shocks resuscitation(3%);urine volume during cardiopulmonary bypass was 300~800ml,average was(422±110)ml;ultrafiltrate content of conventional ultrafiltration and zero balancing ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass was(1 200~2 500)ml,average content was(1 600±420)ml;intraoperative bleeding was(300~1 550)ml,average was(630±240)ml;intraoperative blood transfusions was(600~1 200)ml,average was(840±230)ml.Patients discharged from hospital except 1 case died(1.5%) caused by syndrome de volume cardiaque bas.Conclusion The combination method of crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solution to perfuse the heart during open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass is an effective method of myocardial protect.


A novel copolymer of polyaniline-poly(propylene oxide) (PAN-PPO) was prepared by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and characterized by FTIR and SEM. It showed good electroactivity for methanol oxidation in H2SO4 solution.


The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the effects of exercise programs on adolescent´s Physical Self-perceptions and compare the magnitude of the effect using a meta-analysis. A search in Pubmed and PsychInfo databases was conducted ranging from January 2005 to May 2015 and using the following keywords in English language: "exercise", "adolescents", "physical self-perception", "self-concept". After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review, however only seven were included in the meta-analysis after assessing the methodological quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.2. software. The majority of studies included multidisciplinary programs, however, they used different types of exercise. Physical exercise intervention programs had a positive effect on young adolescents self-perceptions in the physical domain when compared to the subjects in the control group (no exercise) and the magnitude of the effect was Z = 3.44 (p≤0.001). However, more studies are needed to confirm the isolated effects of exercise on the way that teenagers perceive themselves in the physical domain, and about the type of exercise that has the greatest potential to generate these effects.


For years China and Brazil have cooperated in political-strategic terms,above all with a view to achieving a change in the rules governing international trade. Since the end of the Cold War, trade relations have assumed a new importance and China replaced Japan as Brazil?s main Asian partner. In this article it is argued that, despite increasing economic links, the relationship continues to be basically political: Joint space programs have been developed, the two countries coincide in international organisms and share a common perspective over the desirability of an international insertion which, while not openly confronting the developed nations, is based on the idea of South-South cooperation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of processing a silicon substrate, comprising forming a supply path in a silicon substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the method being characterized in that a beam of which dimensions are easily controllable can be arranged in the supply path.SOLUTION: Performed are: a non-through-hole forming step to divide a supply path forming region of a second surface 22 into a first region 41 corresponding to a beam forming position, second regions 42 respectively adjacent to both sides of the first region, and a third region 43 which is neither the first region nor the second region, and to form a plurality of non-through-holes 32, 33 in the second region and in the third region; and an etching step to anisotropically etch a silicon substrate 10 from the second surface, to thereby form a supply path and then a beam in the supply path. In the non-through-hole forming step, at least one of the spacing between the non-through-holes and the depth thereof is made different between the second region and the third region, to thereby control the geometry and dimensions of the beam formed in the etching step.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5


of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Professional). A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE COSTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HIGH PRODUCTIVITY PIG SYSTEMS


AbstractBackground: The complex nature of nursing and midwifery as professions, and the challenges for students toachieve competencies to meet their profession's clinical and academic requirements all of this factors may have anegative effect on students' self-esteem. Aim: The study aims to assess the level of self-esteem among male andfemale nursing students enrolled in maternity curriculum, at Assiut University. Methods: Purposive sample of 475;(172 male and 303 female), third year nursing students, Faculty of Nursing, Assuit University were enrolled.Descriptive design was used in this study, two tools were used for this study; personnel data sheet and Eldesoky selfesteemscale (2004). Results: The study findings revealed that both female nursing students and male nursingstudents had moderate level of self-esteem (42% and 43%) respectively, and also there are statistically significantdifference between levels of self-esteem and "family residency and pre-university qualifications. Conclusion: Thepresent study concluded that there were no differences in self-esteem levels between males and females nursingstudent. Recommendations: The study recommended incorporating self-esteem-related teaching activities into theexisting curriculum to improve students' self-esteem. furthers studies must be done to generalize the results.


Iceland enjoys a reputation as one of the most gender equal countries in the world. It has also received much attention for an innovative approach to parental leave where fathers have three months of non-transferable leave, thereby encouraging active involvement of fathers in the caretaking of their children. This article focuses on the discrepancy between on the one hand the goals of the state of drawing men, particularly fathers, into traditional female dominated areas such as caregiving of infants and young children and on the other hand a discourse that equates motherhood with parenthood and promotes the ideology of intensive mothering.


The mammalian erythrocytes had been considered to keep their deformable biconcave shape solely by the membrane and the underlying membranous cytoskeleton. However our previous study showed new aspects that human erythrocytes possessed a cytoplasmic endoskeleton apart from the classical membranous cytoskeleton containing beta-actin and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) [Terasawa K, et al. Arch. Histol. Cytol2006; 69: 329–340]. Several studies showed that the intermediate filaments such as neurofilament light chain (NF-L), synemin and vimentin were detected in the nucleated erythrocytes [Granger BL, et al. Science.1983; 221: 553–556] and extended from the nuclear envelope to the membranous marginal bands [Granger BL, et al. J. Cell Biol.1982; 92: 299–312]. In the present study, we asked whether the intermediate filaments such as NF-L and vimentin also exist within the newly found endoskeleton of anucleated erythrocytes. NF-L and vimentin were detected within erythrocytes by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The NF-L were detected along the hillside filament group running parallel to the slope between convex periphery and the concave center and vimentin was distributed along several filaments in the whole erythrocytes by the ion-etching/scanning electron microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry. At the hillside region NF-L co-existed with vimentin along the hillside filaments by back scatter emission signals. We concluded that the endoskeletal filaments of the erythrocyte contain intermediate filaments such as NF-L, NF-H and vimentin as those of the nucleated erythrocytes of avian or lower vertebrates. The intermediate filaments of the endoskeleton within the erythrocytes may keep its unique biconcave disc shape against external circumstances.


Rapid growth in the development of medical imaging analysis technology has been propelled by the great interest in improving computer-aided diagnosis and detection (CAD) systems for three popular image visualization tasks: classification, segmentation, and Region of Interest (ROI) detection. However, a limited number of datasets with ground truth annotations are available for developing segmentation and ROI detection of lesions, as expert annotations are laborious and expensive. Detecting the ROI is vital to locate lesions accurately. In this paper, we propose the use of two deep object detection meta-architectures (Faster R-CNN Inception-V2 and SSD Inception-V2) to develop robust ROI detection of skin lesions in dermoscopic datasets (2017 ISIC Challenge, PH2, and HAM10000), and compared the performance with state-of-the-art segmentation algorithm (DeeplabV3+). To further demonstrate the potential of our work, we built a smartphone application for real-time automated detection of skin lesions based on this methodology. In addition, we developed an automated natural data-augmentation method from ROI detection to produce augmented copies of dermoscopic images, as a pre-processing step in the segmentation of skin lesions to further improve the performance of the current state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm. Our proposed ROI detection has the potential to more appropriately streamline dermatology referrals and reduce unnecessary biopsies in the diagnosis of skin cancer.


Frequency shifts in surface reverberation were consistently observed when a directional transducer was pointed in the direction of ocean wave propagation. The magnitude of the doppler shift systematically decreased to zero as the transducer was rotated 90° to point towards the cross wave direction, and the sign of the shift reversed as the transducer was horizontally rotated from the up‐wave to down‐wave direction. Doppler shift data were obtained using 110‐msec tone transmission at 15 and 60 kHz. The measured shifts were generally in accord with first‐order resonance theory with higher order shifts not observed. The spectral width of surface reverberation was independent of wave direction, and roughly three times that of the transmitted pulse for the 60‐kHz data and less wide in the case of 15‐kHz transmission. It is hypothesized that orbital motions of the water particles forming the larger scale ocean wave, can impart a radial to‐and‐fro motion of the ultragravity wavetrain riding on it. Rapid up and d...


Introduction :Bupivacaine is local anaesthetic drug consist of R & S enantiomers. Levobupivacaine a cardiostable S enantiomer of Bupivaciane. Magnesium sulphate a promising noncompititive blocker of NMDA receptor by inhibition calcium Inux in cell. We want to study addition of Magnesium Sulphate to both Bupivacaine 0.5% & Levobupivacaine 0.5% for epidural anaesthesia in lower limb surgeries. to compare efcacy of epidural Inj. Bupivac Aims & Objectives: aine 0.5% plus Magnesium sulphate with Inj. Levobupivacaine 0.5% plus Magnesium Sulphate on onset of sensory & motor blockade, intraoperative hemodynamics , requirement of rst analgesiac & side effects in elderly patients posted for lower limb surgeries. A randomised prospective double blind Material and Method: study in 60 geriatric patient posted for lower limb surgeries. After epidural space identication Inj. Bupivacaine 0.5% 14 ml + 50mg MgSo4 in 1 ml NS in group B or Inj. Levobupivacaine 0.5% 14 ml + 50mg MgSo4 in 1 ml NS in group L. Onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade, two segment regression, demand of rst analgesic, intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative complications were documented and compared Observation: Mean time required for onset of sensory block was 6.27±1.48 min in Group B and 6.3±1.76 min in group L respectively. onset motor block times of 7.43±1.38 in group B while 8.13±1.81 mins in group L which were No statistically signicant difference. Group L required 20.1±4.87 mins for reaching maximum sensory block compared to 13.33±2.17 mins in group B which was statistically signicant difference with early achievement of higher sensory level in group B. The time required for two segment regression was longer, at 133±19.01 minutes in group B compared to 114.47±10.28 minutes in the group L which found statistically signicant difference. Group B required rst analgesics quite latter 241.33±29.39 at mins compared to 203±20.54 mins in group L. This was found to be statistically signicant difference indicating that Bupivacaine is having longer duration of analgesia compared to Levobupivacaine. 3 patients had hypotension in group while 1 in group L. Shivering noticed 6 in Group L compared to 3 in group B. vomiting in 3 patients in each group.only 1 patient had itching in group b. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were having statistically insignicant difference. Conclusion: We can conclude that effect of Magnesium sulphate as an additive to Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine provide good haemodynamic and respiratory stability, Comparable onset of sensory and motor blockade with prolongation of postoperative analgesia in bupivacaine group indicating that Bupivacaine with Magnesium sulphate provides prolonged analgesia as compared to Levobupivacaine with Magnesium Sulphate.


In this paper, the financial efficiency of football clubs in English Premier League during 2016-17 season is determined. From a methodological perspective, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a deterministic nonparametric frontier method. In particular, variable returns to scale and slack based measure are employed to assess whether teams are spending more resources than they need to achieve efficiency. DEA allows for inclusion of multiple inputs and outputs in assessing the efficiency and provides benchmarks for inefficient clubs. The input parameters selected are total expenses which include the salaries of players, coaches, managers and supporting staff. The output variables being revenue generated, profit gained and points scored at the end of the season.


Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) is a commonly used side-channel attack (SCA) on cryptographic devices, which analyzes power consumption to extract secret information like cryptographic keys. In this work, we have developed an open-source side-channel evaluation platform to evaluate the resilience of a range of devices to SCAs. Our platform includes an experimental setup for power trace collection and a trace analysis library. The time and effort to extract key values can greatly hamper our ability to analyze a single device. In this paper, we describe our work to leverage a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate key extraction. We develop a parallel framework in the Open Computing Language (OpenCL). OpenCL allows our framework to remain portable across a range of processing devices including CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. We describe the capabilities of our side-channel evaluation platform, and demonstrate how we leverage parallel processing to provide for more efficient and scalable side-channel analysis.


In view of the poor robustness and low accuracy in lane line identification based on digital image processing, this paper proposes a Markov random field intelligent algorithm based on machine learning to identify lane lines. The complete lane line identification steps are as follows: First, high-quality traffic scenario images are created by means of image preprocessing, which includes image graying, grayscale transformation, and the extraction of regions of interest (ROIs). Then, the images are modeled according to Markov random field theory, and model reasoning is performed based on the binary graph cut method. In the reasoning process, to achieve accurate lane line segmentation, i.e., the optimal solution of the model, the energy potential function is introduced to optimize the binary graph cut method. Finally, the lane line pixel label is marked according to the segmentation result. The experiments showed that the algorithm could accurately segment the lane line pixels after only 10 iterations, indicating that the identification method has good performance in both reasoning speed and identification accuracy, which takes account of both accuracy and real-time processing, and can meet the requirements of lane recognition for lightweight automatic driving systems.


The authors conducted a structural meta-analysis to evaluate D.J. Prediger's (1982) 3-factor (1 general factor and 2 bipolar factors of data-ideas and things-people) representation of J. L. Holland's (1985a) RIASEC circumplex (including six personality types: realistic], investigative [I], artistic [A], social [S], enterprising [E], and conventional [C]). Confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling were applied to 77 U.S. RIASEC correlation matrices published between 1965 and 1989. Prediger's 3-factor model received support when predictions from his factor model conformed to the predictions from the circumplex


Detection of gamma-ray emission from classical novae, in the range between 30 and 511 keV, would provide a crucial test of the thermonuclear runaway (TNR) model. This emission results from the annihilation of positrons, emitted by some radioactive nuclei (13N and 18F) synthesized during the TNR; it has a short duration and is produced before the optical maximum. Therefore, it can only be analyzed "a posteriori," once the nova has been discovered optically. The capability to observe all the sky, together with its high sensitivity in the low-energy range, make BATSE an ideal instrument to detect this emission. Data analysis techniques previously applied for BATSE observations of 511 keV transients of short duration have been used. The first results from the systematic search in BATSE background data which is under way are presented, which include nearby novae that have exploded since CGRO launch. Comparison with recent updated theoretical models is made in each case. Although no positive detection has been ...


2 Abstract 27 Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to identify potential transcriptomic changes conveyed by 28 presence of amyloid deposits in islets from pancreatic tissue obtained from metabolically profiled 29 living donors. 30 Methods: After establishing Thioflavin S as the most sensitive approach to detect islet amyloid 31 plaques, we utilized RNA sequencing data obtained from laser capture microdissected islets to 32 define transcriptomic effects of this pathological entity. The RNA sequencing data was used to 33 identify differentially expressed genes by linear modeling. Further analyses included functional 34 enrichment analysis of KEGG and Hallmark gene sets as well as a weighted gene correlation 35 network analysis. 36 Results: Eleven differentially expressed genes were identified in islets affected by amyloidosis. 37 Enrichment analyses pointed to signatures related to protein aggregation diseases, energy 38 metabolism and inflammatory response. A gene co-expression module was identified that 39 correlated to islet amyloidosis. 40 Conclusion: Although the influence of underlying Type 2 diabetes could not be entirely excluded, 41 this study presents a valuable insight into the biology of islet amyloidosis, particularly providing 42 hints into the potential relationship between islet amyloid deposition and structural and functional 43 proteins involved in insulin secretion. 44


Interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetraantraquinoporphyrazines (TAP) and tetrasulphophthalocyanine (Pc) aluminum hydroxide was studied by means of electron absorption spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the complex formation of BSA with the TAPs results in increase of thermal stability of the protein while Pc does not have remarkable influence on the protein thermal denaturation.


Different nations of world are trying to eradicate use of mercury from the world because of its harmful effect on ecosystem that ultimately affect on human and wildlife, but there is problem of disposal because of its liquid nature. For this purpose various processing technologies were developed to convert it in to compound formulations which are stable at normal temperature and pressures as well as non-toxic in nature. In this sequence different technologies were developed by ancient and contemporary researchers for physical and chemical stabilization of mercury. Physical stabilization is done by amalgamation process that converts mercury in to solid form and less toxic in comparison to liquid mercury. This physical stabilization methodology is closely resembles Parad Bandh which is quoted in classical literature of Rasa Shastra. In chemical stabilization, mercury is converted in to non toxic compound mainly by chemical reaction with sulphur by Mayasa and DELA technology and resulting in formation of black and red colour mercury sulphide. These technologies are quite comparable to pharmaceutical technology of Parpati and Kupi pakwa developed by ancient researchers of Ayurveda. And these preparations are indicated for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders starting from acute disorders to chronic nature. In this way we can say that contemporary science can develop stabilization technology of mercury only for mercury disposal while Ayurvedic researchers developed expertise to convert these disposed mercury for the benefit of humanity since 12 th century.


In conjunction with disposal planning, the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) was developed to improve emergency preparedness at the eight installations involved and for the communities which surround them. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is assisting in the implementation of this program on the basis of a Memorandum of Understanding established with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army, for Installations, Logistics and the Environment (OASA, IL E). A steering committee and six subcommittees, co-chaired by DA and FEMA, were created, and representatives from state and local governments, as well as other federal agencies, were invited to observe and participate in meetings of these subcommittees. Recognizing the need for a coordinated recovery effort in the event of a chemical incident or accident, the Army and FEMA established one of these subcommittees to guide and coordinate recovery planning. The Army has tasked Argonne National Laboratory to conduct research for offpost procedural planning for the recovery phase, in coordination with this subcommittee. The draft paper Reentry, Restoration and Recovery from a Chemical Weapons Accident: offpost Procedural Planning and Preparedness, A Concept Paper, is a result of efforts by Mr. Tom Hess and Mr. Denzel Fisher of the Army,more » OASA IL E, by Dr. Caroline Herzenberg and other members of the Emergency Systems Section at Argonne National Laboratory, and by Dr. James D. Adams of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Concept Paper was written to provide an overview of the role of recovery planning in the CSEP Program and discusses various technical and social aspects which should be considered by offpost planners. This conference paper presents a brief summary of that work, and hopes to emphasize the importance of recovery planning. 15 refs., 2 figs.« less


It is well known from economic theory that rent seeking is an important factor in explaining fishermen's behaviour in open-access situations. However, in the fisheries economics literature (and particularly in empirical work) the focus has been on stock and cost effects, and the effect of changes in revenue has received little attention.1 Some exceptions do exist though. Wilen and Homans (1994) showed that fishermen will respond to changes in the regulatory system by changing their products in order to obtain higher revenues. Several authors have also shown that the timing of the harvest can be important, since the quality of the fish, and, therefore, the price one receives, may change throughout the year (Conrad 1982; Anderson 1989; Kellogg, Easley, and Johnson 1988; Onal et al ., 1991). Larkin and Sylvia (1999) showed that the regulatory system can be essential for exploiting the opportunities that seasonal fluctuations in quality give. Here, we will describe a somewhat different case that we think is of interest, since it illustrates how responsive fishermen can be to revenue changes in an openaccess fishery, and how increased revenues, thereby, intensify the race to fish. It also demonstrates the importance of the political game played by fishermen and regulators, and gives an example of how quota allocation is endogenous in the management system. The case we look at is the Norwegian coastal fishery for mackerel, where the fishermen experienced almost a doubling of the price of their catch from 1995 to 1996, while their total quota remained the same.


Walther Schucking was one of the leading German international lawyers of the 20th century and a judge at the PCIJ. The paper introduces Schucking's life and academic approach and argues for a renewed engagement with his work.


This paper introduces the design thought and implementation of Web-based underground pipeline graphics query system. The main character of this system is to adopt ActiveX control. On the basis of existing program, this technology could transfer some functions of existing GIS to new system, which is based on Web and has three-tier Client/Server (C/S) structure. The new system not only inherits advantages of traditional GIS, but also makes full use of computer network and improves the expansibility and utilization of the system.


The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will prove consequential in the years ahead. Some of the effects will be tremendous and others subtle. Many of the repercussions will be unique for women. Society shapes public policy, and in pursuit of national interests, public policy can take into consideration or neglect the individual. It has been cautioned that short‐term, narrowly focused views leave many individuals unaccounted for; there exists a great danger in making generalizations, particularly when individuals and their lives are at stake. To ensure prosperity for all, all must be considered.


The present work had for objective to evaluate the spectrum of drops and the volumetric distribution of a hydraulic nozzle of a plane jet of expanded strip, model XR11003. A laser particle analyzer was used to evaluate the spectrum of drops and a deposition table was used for analysis of the volumetric distribution. The experiment of the spectrum of drops was a completely randomized design, factorial 2 x 2 x 3, with three repetitions, where the first factor represents the sprayed liquid (L1 = water and L2 = water + 0,1% of no-ionic surfactant), the second factor represents the application pressure (P1 = 200 kPa e P2 = 400 kPa) and the third factor represents three nozzles XR11003 of the plane jet (B1, B2 e B3). The experiment of volumetric distribution was completely randomized design, factorial 2 x 2, not evaluating the factor nozzle. The results evidenced larger size of drops for the pressure of 200 kPa, and smaller relative width when it was used 0,1% of adjuvant. For the profiles of volumetric distribution, it increased the deposition strip, and in the spacing among beaks with C.V. of 10%, with the addition of 0,1% of adjuvant and increasing in the pressure.


In recognition of the principle that quantitative methods have a role to play in gender-related studies of leisure, alongside qualitative methods, this paper draws on past and current official Australian national surveys to examine men's time use and leisure participation patterns. Three frequently asserted observations on leisure and gender, and men's leisure behaviour in particular, are addressed. First, the proposition that early survey-based leisure research was 'gender blind' is shown to have not generally been the case in Australia. Second, it is shown that, while it is broadly true that men have more leisure time than women, this is not the case for some key socio-demographic groups. Third, the observation that men have higher levels of participation in leisure activities than women often relies on data on sport and physical recreational activities only, but when a comprehensive definition of leisure is adopted, including such categories as cultural activity and informal outdoor recreation, and when frequency of participation is taken into account, it is found that, while leisure patterns of men are different from those of women, the quantum of participation does not significantly favour men. The paper also addresses the issue of change over time, showing that gender-related patterns of time-use and leisure participation in Australia have changed over recent decades, suggesting that observations based on quantitative empirical data should be reviewed from time to time as new data become available. Finally, the paper examines the life-time distribution of time, revealing a remarkable similarity between men and women.


we report a case of colon squamous cell carcinoma incidentally diagnosed based on endoscopic polypectomy. Primary squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum are extremely rare. This is not only a rare case, from this case we need to rethink how to choose the most appropriate polypectomy method.


In order to deal with multidimensional structure representations of real-world networks, as well as with their worst-case irreducible information content analysis, the demand for new graph abstractions increases. This article presents an investigation of incompressible multidimensional networks defined by generalized graph representations. In particular, we mathematically study the lossless incompressibility of snapshot-dynamic networks and multiplex networks in comparison to the lossless incompressibility of more general forms of dynamic networks and multilayer networks, from which snapshot-dynamic networks or multiplex networks are particular cases. We show that incompressible snapshot-dynamic (or multiplex) networks carry an amount of algorithmic information that is linearly dominated by the size of the set of time instants (or layers). This contrasts with the algorithmic information carried by incompressible general dynamic (or multilayer) networks that is of the quadratic order of the size of the set of time instants (or layers). Furthermore, we prove that incompressible general multidimensional networks have edges linking vertices at non-sequential time instants (layers or, in general, elements of a node dimension). Thus, representational incompressibility implies a necessary underlying constraint in the multidimensional network topology.


CV. Jogja Transport is a company that distribute cakes "Sari Roti" in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It has responsibility to distribute the cakes for every customer during the customers' time windows. The distribution problem of CV. Jogja Transport belongs to Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window (VRPTW). This paper tries to solve the problem of CV. Jogja Transport by proposing "cluster first route second" algorithm of simple heuristic method. Then the algorithm is combined with sweep algorithm for clustering the customers and Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to select the best route so that it can minimize the distance of each cluster. The result indicate that implementation of sweep algorithm and MILP can reduce the distances and the fuel up to 10.95% and the travel distance up to 2.60%.


Enterprise can not keep partnership with all its suppliers. Supplier relationship management should be developed step by step. Enterprise should treat different suppliers with distinct strategies. It is important to establish a trustful relationship between enterprise and suppliers with large and consumptive materials. Enterprise should look for other suppliers to get bottleneck materials and the third party suppliers to get standard products, official products of small quantities. Enterprise can invite bidding to get materials with large quantitative but lower price.


This study was designed to investigate the relationships of demographic variables with the dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and to compare the OCB among human service and information technology (IT) professionals. For this purpose a sample of 400 in total from two different professionals, i.e., human service and IT professionals were selected. Correlation, multiple regression and Z-test were carried out for the analysis of the study. The results of the study indicate that age and job experience emerged as a major predictor of OCB. Age and job experience were also found positively correlated with all dimensions of OCB, whereas significant negative relationship was found between marital status and dimensions of OCB. The inconsistent relationship was found between gender and dimensions of OCBs. The findings of this study will be helpful for the administrator in the public health sector and policy makers in the IT sector to reinforce positive attitude among the employees of both the sector.


The vibration of cylindrical shells composed of functionally graded material and with exponential volume fraction law is studied.Expressions of the internal force,displacement,strain and curvature of FG cylindrical shells are analysed by Love's thin shell theory.Based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method,the shell eigenfrequency equation is derived and the natural frequencies with simply supported ends and clamped-free ends are obtained.Then the influence of the configurations of constituent materials,volume fraction,boundary conditions and geometric dimensioning on the natural frequencies of FG cylindrical shells is studied through the examples.The results show that the configurations of constituent materials have considerable effect on the frequency characteristic of FG cylindrical shells,while the volume fraction has minor effect.The influence of various boundary conditions on natural frequencies is mainly reflected in the cases of small ratios of length to radius and small circumferential wave numbers.


13
 C N.m.r. spectra of aqueous (D2O) solutions of methyl-, ethyl-, and adenoxyl-cobalamin, and methylaquo-cobinamide, selectively enriched with carbon-13 in the alkyl ligands attached to cobalt have been recorded at 25.2 MHz and over the temperature range 5–90 °C. The methyl resonances of [13C]methylcobalamin and [13C]methylaquocobinamide, as well as the methylene resonances of [1,2-l3C2]ethylcobalamin and [5′-13C]adenosylcobalamin, exhibit small upfield shifts with increasing temperature. These small differences in chemical shift can best be accounted for by invoking a temperature-dependent conformational change involving substituents on the corrin ring, rather than a change in the co-ordination number of cobalt. 13C N.m.r. spectroscopy has also been used to study homolytic cleavage of the carbon–cobalt bond of the alkylcobalamins. Ethylcobalamin undergoes thermal decomposition even at 60 °C, while methyl- and adenosyl-cobalamin are stable in aqueous solution at 94 °C for periods of up to 5 h. Methylcobalamin is very resistant to photolytic cleavage in the absence of oxygen, whereas ethyl- and adenosyl-cobalamin are photolyzed to cob(II)alamin under the same conditions.


The microscopy assisted by dielectric microspheres has emerged as an effective way to improve the imaging resolution of conventional optical microscope. The photonic nanojet(PNJ) is simulated by software, and super-resolution imaging experiments are carried out successfully. The results show that the silica(SiO2) microsphere with low refractive index can visualize a grating containing 139-nm-width lines with an interspacing of 139 nm under visible light illumination when it is partially immersed in alcohol. However, the barium titanate glass(BTG) microspheres with high refractive index can achieve super-resolution imaging only fully immersed in alcohol.


In this article we examine the validity of the ''inverted snowball' picture of solvation dynamics using results of simulations of an idealized model solvent. The solvent consists of point dipoles which undergo rotational Brownian motion while fixed to the sites of a simple cubic lattice. In this system we observe a much more complex distance dependence of the solvation response than assumed in the inverted snowball picture. These results indicate that the intermolecular correlations responsible for solvation do not allow for any useful spatial decomposition of the response and so point to the inadequacy of such a description for understanding solvation dynamics.


Cicero wrote in Tusculan Disputations that we are born with the seeds of virtue which, if allowed to ripen, would lead us to a happy life (Cicero 227). However, as things are, we find ourselves in a world of "iniquity among a medley of wrong beliefs" that inhibits the ripening process (Cicero 227). The
Stoics believed many of these iniquities and wrongful beliefs are the principal sources of unhappiness. In America today, some of these sources of unhappiness are manifest in the pursuits of wealth, prestige, power, and sensual pleasure, as well as the fear of unknown things, such as death. This thesis offers a solution to achieve greater happiness for those desiring to
control their own destinies through reason, self-reliance, and will-power. This solution is to adopt and practice Stoic philosophy. This thesis first describes the ancient philosophy of Stoicism whose principle objective is to bring human felicity. Stoicism's fundamental themes could be that the world is as we make it, we should live in accordance with nature, and we can
achieve happiness through virtue. The Stoics also believed that we are born with the ability to act enkratically, which enables us to practice Stoic salubrious beliefs. Through reason and other factors, such as intuition, imagination, effort, the ability to learn, experience, skill, and habit, this thesis argues that we can do what we will. With Stoic philosophy and enkrasia, this
thesis concludes that many people can enhance their level of happiness.


Incubation of carcinogens with post-mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) and NADPH releases ribosomes from microsomes resulting in increased RNA concentration in post-microsomal supernatant. However, non-carcinogens fail to do so. Enhanced concentration of RNA in test over control samples can provide a useful index for the carcinogenicity of environmental pollutants.


This paper explores empirically how domestic political and economic challenges affect political leaders' propensity to respond with the use of force at home and abroad. The foreign policy and world politics literatures are replete with references to leaders' alleged use of external conflict when confronted with domestic challenges, but rarely consider domestic responses to dissent or the role of interstate threats. Comparative research on repression primarily focuses on linkages between domestic challenges and leaders' resort to repressive policies, but ignores international alternatives. Neither literature considers the influence of external threats and opportunity structures on resort to use of force and coercion at home and abroad. Alternatively, we contend that foreign conflict and repression are complementary and potentially interchangeable policies that leaders may use to maintain political power in the face of domestic pressure. We hypothesize that the level of domestic political constraints conditions the opportunity and likelihood of selecting either repression or foreign conflict in response to domestic challenges. Since the ability to capitalize on external conflict involvement in all likelihood is not independent of international opportunity structures, we explicitly address differences in the availability of historical interstate animosity. We test our hypotheses on resort to repression and external dispute involvement on a global sample of political leaders for the period 1948–82. Our results indicate that repression and external conflict involvement appear to be largely independent and driven by different challenges: While there is some evidence that domestic conflict increases the likelihood of disputes and that external threat may promote repression, there is little support for the idea of direct substitution in kind since leaders frequently combine both dispute involvement and repression.


BACKGROUND:Motilin agonists are strong gastroprokinetics, but their impact on symptoms in delayed gastric emptying has been disappointing. It has been speculated that it is due to the contractile effect of motilin agonists on the proximal stomach, but the pathway involved and the symptomatic consequences have been incompletely elucidated.AIMS:To study whether motilin enhances proximal stomach tone and enhances meal-induced satiety and to evaluate whether this effect involves a cholinergic pathway.METHODS:A gastric barostat was used to study, in healthy subjects, the effect of motilin (300 ng/kg/30 min IV) or saline on fasting gastric fundus tone and on post-prandial relaxation. To evaluate the involvement of a cholinergic pathway, atropine (12 μg/kg/h) was administered intravenously simultaneously with or before and during motilin infusion in the fasting state. Finally, a satiety drinking test was performed in 21 subjects twice after pretreatment with placebo or motilin and with placebo or atropine.RESULTS:Administration of motilin caused a significant increase of fasting fundus tone expressed as decrease of the mean balloon volume (324 ± 60 mL vs 213 ± 62 mL, p < 0.05). Simultaneous administration of atropine and motilin did not generate a significant volume change (192 ± 60 mL vs 181 ± 83 mL, NS), but pretreatment with atropine alone induced a relaxation, and when motilin was added this revealed an ongoing contraction (192 ± 24 mL vs 136 ± 21 mL, p≤ 0.05). Motilin infusion also inhibited gastric accommodation (p≤ 0.05 vs placebo) and increased satiety during a satiety drinking test (p≤ 0.05 vs placebo).CONCLUSIONS:Administration of motilin causes a contraction of the proximal stomach in humans and increases meal-induced satiety. The effect of motilin is atropine-resistant and involves a direct muscular pathway or a non-cholinergic neural pathway.


Pharmacological properties of an herbal formulation depend on phytochemical constituents present therein; development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition is a major challenge to scientists. QbS - Quality by Standardization is the approach wherein the clinically proven formulation is standardized with respect to bioactive marker compounds. This approach not only helps in authenticating the efficacy of commercial batches but also makes it stand apart from the non standardized, unauthentic similar products available in the market.


Local economic development is one of the instruments to actualize regional development utilizing their local resources. Resource utilization in a region als o depends on the potential in the region, such as the coconut sugar industry in the Bagelen District , Purworejo that use raw materials and local labor s . Although coconut sugar industry is small-scale industries and households, but its existence began ogled by the international market. The high demand can not be met by the owner of the industry due to lack of manpower and the middlemen involved in marketing . Because of it, fears about the sustainability of the coconut sugar industry in the District Bagelen. This research used mix ed method with Triangulation Design models. The results showed that coconut sugar and crystal sugar are difficult to continue to be a growing industry as the local economic development efforts . Coconut sugar faced a problem with the unstable price, while crystal sugar doesn't have permission to label products, so they rely on the existence of the companies


Comparative cytogenetic analyses of hatchetfishes Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Gasteropelecidae) from the Rio Negro basin were performed using conventional Giemsa staining, silver (Ag) -staining and C-banding. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species equaled 2n = 50 but their karyotypes were distinct. We found evidence for sex chromosomes in C. marthae since karyotype of males presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZZ ST chromosomes while the females presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZW ST chromosomes of distinct size. Conversely, C. strigata presented 4 M + 4 SM + 2 ST + 40 A chromosomes without sex chromosome heteromorphism. Karyotypes of both species had two NOR-bearing SM chromosomes of distinct size indicating the presence of multiple NOR phenotypes. The sex chromosome pair had specific C-banding pattern allowing identification of both Z and W. This heteromorphic system has previously been described for the gasteropelecids.


In this paper we gave a character of structurally stable diffeomorphisms via the notion of inverse shadowing and proved that a structurally stable diffeomorphism has the strong inverse shadowing property with respect to two classes of continuous methods.


Soon after reports that firefighters and police officers were entering the buildings, Tower Two, then Tower One, collapsed. We heard reports that the Pentagon had been attacked, and then a number of other "fog-of-war" rumors, including the presence of a car bomb at the Mall in Washington, DC, and, perhaps more alarming for New Yorkers, that another four planes had been hijacked and remained unaccounted. We saw images we never imagined. Workers, some holding hands, jumped from over 100 stories; soot and debris covered workers streaming north like refugees; and an eerie, gradual, all-enveloping stillness blanketed the city as it seemed that all life in the city ground to a halt. The remainder of the day brought more experiences—long walks home amid crowds of office employees carrying briefcases; an uneasy, silent sky devoid of commercial aircraft; and a growing uncertainty about those responsible for the attack, their motivation, and America's potential response. For many residents of New York City, these fears were coupled with uncertainty about the fate of family, friends, and acquaintances who had not been heard from since the event. In the days that followed the WTC attack, life in New York City proceeded at a surreally detached pace; many missed work, ongoing bomb threats evacuated landmark skyscrapers repeatedly, and the city's perpetual movement just stopped. Few cars were on the roads, and no cars at all were allowed in areas below 14th Street; subways were erratic and empty. The toll of dead and missing climbed above 5,000, with at least that many more injured in the attack. Latest reports suggest about 3,000 people died in the attacks. Residents of lower Manhattan were evacuated and have, only very slowly, returned to their homes. Some remain displaced, even now months after the attack. Companies with offices in the WTC complex worked out of employees' homes or quickly leased space further uptown in Manhattan or across the Hudson in New Jersey. The event continues to dominate life in New York City. Telephone and Internet


The I-15 Reconstruction Project was the first major design-build infrastructure rehabilitation project in the United States. Geofoam offered a novel solution to challenges of settlement and limited time of construction through an urban corridor. The first challenging application that opened the gate of opportunity to install geofoam was the case of the 100 South utility crossing. This report documents the case history of geofoam embankments in terms of this first application. The project background, construction timeline and monitoring results over a period of almost three years are presented. Settlements were observed with magnet extensometers, horizontal inclinometers and level survey. Pressure beneath the geofoam was monitored by total earth pressure cells. The record of monitoring consists of foundation and geofoam fill settlements divided into construction and post construction phases. Most of the geofoam deformation took place during construction. Both during and after construction, settlements of the foundation have been greater than the geofoam deformation. The field results were carefully reviewed to identify temperature and construction related movements. Pressure cell observations indicate the stresses in the foundation beneath the geofoam are of the general order of the working stresses assumed in design.


Genetic diversity in a single species and species diversity (SD) in a whole community are often interrelated because they are frequently influenced by a common factor or interact directly with each other. This study examined the effect of environmental and spatial factors on the distribution of clonal diversity in Daphnia pulex and of SD in zooplankton communities in subarctic ponds, and tested the association of these diversity levels when the effect of these factors was partitioned out. Forty-one ponds in the Kuujjuarapik area, Nunavik, Canada, were characterized according to their physico-chemical properties, Daphnia clonal composition and zooplankton assemblage. Variation in clonal distribution in Daphnia was mostly explained by water conductivity, pH and depth. Conductivity, altitude, temperature, phaeopigments, surface of the pond and spatial factors accounted for 12% of the variation in the zooplankton community. There was a positive association between diversity levels suggesting that clonal diversity and SD affected each other directly, probably via the effect of clonal diversity in Daphnia on the rest of the zooplankton community. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the interaction between genetic and SD in subarctic and arctic environments will be important to predict biodiversity changes resulting from climate change.