Arja Laitinen (1949 99) was undoubtedly a highly regarded individual, respected personally, academically and professionally by many who worked in her field of feminist sport research. This book presents a selection of articles, compiled in her memory by those who have enjoyed her influence and seek to mark the historic contribution she made to the 'first generation' of sport feminists. Divided into three sections entitled 'Feminist sport studies: stories of discovery and dismissal', 'Personal experience as a source for feminist inquiry in sport' and 'The feminist sport researcher: multiple selves', the book addresses issues faced by sport feminist researchers forging an identity in a patriarchal environment, both in terms of their journeys as feminist researchers and by virtue of the topics of study with which they are inevitably engaged. The text begins with a comprehensive introduction to individual chapters by Pirkko Markula*this section in itself may be useful to students new to this area of study as it contextualizes key historical and contemporary issues characterizing the emergence, development and maturation of feminism within sport research scenarios. Yet the way in which Markula draws the texts together indicates a greater integration of chapters than arguably exists. The varying relationships between the different sections could be considered rather artificially drawn and, overall, the book lacks real cohesion with links between chapters somewhat tenuous in places. Potential readers also need to be aware that two of the chapters from prominent authors are essentially rewrites of work that has already published elsewhere (Chapter 2, 'From preto postfeminism: a four-decade journey' by Ann Hall, and Chapter 8, 'Time out*managing research and managing myself ' by Celia Backenridge). This book seeks to map the development of the first generation of feminist sport studies through 'lived experiences' (p. 1) and the narrative nature of much of the book gives the authors a freedom that they have perhaps not enjoyed in other areas of their writing. The resultant texts are highly accessible, although potentially indulgent and lacking critical reflection in some areas. As the book is recommended by the publishers as an academic text, it would have been of value to see some of the authors apply more rigorous self-reflection associated more generally with narrative production. In particular, where individuals are identified as having been obstructive in the development of new feminist perspectives, further consideration as to the nature of


Objective To study the cutting technique of Tetrastigmatis hemsleyani.Methods The effects of concentrations of rooting reagents,cutting age and cutting medium were investigated.Results The rooting reagents and cutting age effected rooting rate obviously,but cutting medium had no obvious effect on the rooting rate.Conclusion The best combination of factors was as follows: 2-3 age cutting treated by IBA(1 000 mg/ L) for 10s and planted in the cutting medium of Loess.


Photodissociation of methyl nitrate (and its fully deuterated isotopomer) isolated in an argon matrix at 17 K has been investigated by 266 nm laser photolysis. Characterization of the product species has been performed by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. There are two parallel initial reaction channels, one of which is formation of formaldehyde (H2CO) and hydrogen nitryl (HNO2). The second channel is formation of formaldehyde and a previously unreported species, imine peroxide (HNOO). Quantum chemical calculations of the structure, vibrational frequencies, and infrared band intensities have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G**, MP2(full)/6-311++G**, and QCISD/6-311++** levels of theory. The calculated vibrational frequency patterns allowed us to confirm the detection and infrared spectral assignments of imine peroxide for the first time.


This paper is an account of the 19th Biennial BDS Conference 2016, Site Tour 5. The BDS delegates visited the Stocks Reservoir in the Forest of Bowland and Lancaster Brewery. Stocks Reservoir is United Utilities fourth largest reservoir and has a 350 m long embankment dam with a maximum height of 31 m. Lancaster Brewery is one of the largest micro-breweries in the northwest of England.


By using a general formalism, we expose a simplified proof of the convergence of the B\'ezier polynomials attached to a continuous function defined in arbitrary dimensional simplex. We obtain an error estimate that contains the error in approximating by exponential functions. Our new proof is based on the topological Stone-Weierstrass theorem.


Let X be a Fano manifold such that every rational curve in X has anticanonical degree at least the dimension of X. We prove that X is a projective space or a quadric.


The article assessed improved arable crop storage and preservation technology utilization by rural farmers in Ondo state in relation to technology research output. A multi-staged sampling technique was used to elicit information from 240 arable farmers and 36 key informants using structured interview schedule and interview guide, respectively. Descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression) were used to analyze the data collected. The findings include identification of 64 improved technologies in selected research outlets with only 19 utilized by farmers in the study area. Also, there was low extent of technology utilization and high perception of improved technology. Regression analysis revealed among others that farmers' age (r= 2.071, p≤0.05) and years of formal education (r=2.808, p≤0.05) had significant relationship with utilization of improved storage and preservation technologies. Therefore, it could be concluded that there is a gap between research output and farmers' technology utilization in the study area.


Vitamin D modulates the immune responses in certain diseases of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Its biological effects are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which belongs to the family of nuclear hormone receptors and is expressed in cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, Band T-lymphocytes, and neutrophils [1; 2, p. 184–191]. A variety of studies have shown vitamin D3 deficiency in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the role of this deficiency in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear [3; 4, p. 54]. Objective was to assess serum vitamin D3 level of in patients with AS and explore possible relationship with the disease manifestations.


We study light propagation in media with competing nonlocal nonlinearities. We demonstrate that such system can give rise to self-organization of light into stable states of trains or hexagonal arrays of light filaments, depending on the transverse dimensionality. This long-range ordering can take place in mere unidirectional propagation of light. We discuss the dynamics of long-range ordering and the crucial role which phase plays for this phenomenon. Furthermore we discuss how transverse dimensionality affects the order of the phase-transition.


This paper suggests a deign method of the model-following control system having robust performance. This control system is designed by applying genetic algorithm(GA) with reference model to the optimal determination of weighting functions and design parameter that are given by control theory. These weighting functions and design parameter are optimized simultaneously in the search domain guaranteeing the robust performance of closed-loop system. The effectiveness of this control system is verified by computer simulation.


We have measured the switching in ferroelectric capacitors of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) over three orders of magnitude in lateral area, from A = 166 to 0.19 µm2 (the latter being the size of the smallest ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) cells in production), and over three orders of magnitude in ramp rate of applied voltage (d E(t)/d t = 107–1010 V cm−1 s−1). In accord with the model of Scott (1998 Ferroelectr. Rev. 1 1), the submicron cells follow a different dependence to the larger cells: for , the data fit a theory due to Landauer et al (the LYD model), which neglects nucleation; whereas the nanoscale devices satisfy the functional dependence predicted by Pulvari and Kuebler (the PK model), albeit with a modified coefficient. This crossover behaviour has implications for Gbit FRAM device performance at high speed. Fringing field effects measured agree with a simple model from Feynman.


This paper addresses an approach for building a relation hierar chy in order to integrate relations from different sources. A relation tree is generated by mapping relations to WordNet synsets, on which duplicated relations are eliminated. As criteria for judging relations not absolute ly required for a domain, popularity and uniqueness are proposed. Our research sh ows that use of a relation hierarchy makes the process of judging necessa ry rel tions of a domain much simpler and more efficient.


How to manage a patient with glaucoma in Africa? The simple answer is: having made the diagnosis by optic disc assessment and intraocular pressure measurements (visual field tests are usually unavailable and unnecessary), perform trabeculectomy surgery using a technique broadly similar to that described by Ian Murdoch in this issue. This article discusses the reasons for this relatively universal management principle. The focus of this article is primary open-angle glaucoma, which affects the large majority of glaucoma patients across the continent. Some brief principles concerning management of other types of glaucoma in Africa are included at the end.


We introduce a novel discriminative feature space which is efficient not only for face detection but also for recognition. The face representation is based on local binary patterns (LBP) and consists of encoding both local and global facial characteristics into a compact feature histogram. The proposed representation is invariant with respect to monotonic gray scale transformations and can be derived in a single scan through the image. Considering the derived feature space, a second-degree polynomial kernel SVM classifier was trained to detect frontal faces in gray scale images. Experimental results using several complex images show that the proposed approach performs favorably compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, experiments with detecting and recognizing low-resolution faces from video sequences were carried out, demonstrating that the same facial representation can be efficiently used for both detection and recognition.


The topic of leadership has been present in the academic world for about 100 years. In science, this is considered a rather short period of time, during which the discipline has developed enormousl ...


This paper presents an analysis of lightning
warnings based on Cloud to Ground flashes information
provided by the Colombian lightning locating network
(RECMA) during five years. Predictions made in this
analysis have been carried out based on the two areas
method. The warnings are evaluated in the basis of four
parameters: Effective Alarm (EA), Failure to Warm (FTW),
False Alarm (FA) and Lead Time (LT).


By using the compact density matrix approach, the electro-optic effect (EOE) in a semi-parabolic quantum well (QW) with an applied electric field has been theoretically investigated. Via a variant of displacement harmonic oscillation, the exact electronic states in the semi-parabolic QW with an applied electric field are obtained. Numerical results on typical GaAs material reveal that the electro-optic effect nearly linearly increases with the increasing of magnitude of the electric field, but it monotonously decreases with the increasing of confining potential frequency of the semi-parabolic QW. The EOE in the model investigated is 102 times larger than that in the symmetric parabolic QW under the same electric field and the same frequency of parabolic confining potential, which is due to the self-asymmetry of the system and the electric field effect.


The purpose of this paper is to understand the evolution of the teachers' connection to their initial training within the framework of the book Recherche sur la formation des enseignants par le biais du suivi de cohortes, based on research launched in 1996. The paper presents one of the ways these connections can evolve during the three years after successfully passing the CAPES competitive examination. It uses a corpus of interviews of the same teacher. Having first studied the common themes of the interviews and having analyzed the evolution of responses, a few interpretive hypotheses are proposed in the framework of a clinical and psychoanalytical approach. It seems that the novice teachers undergo a kind of "professional adolescence crisis" during their transition from student to teacher, which lasts longer than the period of assuming teaching duties and whose length is difficult to determine.


Forest stand height (FSH), or average canopy height, serves as an important indicator for forest monitoring. The information provided about above-ground biomass for greenhouse gas emissions reporting and estimating carbon storage is relevant for reporting for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). A novel forest height estimation method utilizing a fusion of backscatter and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from JAXA's Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) is applied to a use case in Savannakhet, Lao. Compared with LiDAR, the estimated height from the fusion method had an RMSE of 4.90 m and an R2 of 0.26. These results are comparable to previous studies using SAR estimation techniques. Despite limitations of data quality and quantity, the Savannakhet, Lao use case demonstrates the applicability of these techniques utilizing L-band SAR data for estimating FSH in tropical forests and can be used as a springboard for use of L-band data from the future NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission.


It is not until almost the last page (page 181) of the study that the author acknowledges a fundamental fact: it is too early to judge the degree of success or failure of the socialist formula of distribution in Cuba. Although the data he presents suggest a strong correlation between the system and the sharp reductions in output, neither he nor the reader can judge the extent to which additional experience may reverse Cuba's dismal economic performance. In fact, more recent information from U. S. sources indicates that the worst may soon be over for the Cuban proletariat which, the author strongly suggests, has generally been exploited by the new system. Any psychic income the industrial worker has received from slogans and exortations seems far exceeded by the sharply constrained material rewards available to him under the harshest of labor disciplines. John C. Shearer Professor of Economics and Director Manpower Research and Training Center Oklahoma State University


An ideal implanto-prosthetic treatment plan is focussed on patients and their particular problems. It is known that not all patients with the same type of edentulism can be treated with the same type of restoration and restoration design depend on the particularities of prosthetic field which receive the implants. Traditional dentistry provides limited treatment options for edentulous patient, but implant expands treatment options by providing additional prosthetic abutments.


A lot of successful research work on synthesis and application of photocatalysts have been done and going on, however the commercialization remains as a challenge. The cost associated with the raw materials and synthesis methods are of important and limiting factors in industries. In this study a cost analysis was conducted for an actual experimental work for synthesis and application of pure TiO2 and vanadium doped-TiO2. The cost estimation for Pure TiO2 and Vanadium-TiO2 has been conducted based on the cost of the raw material and energy consumption in synthesis. Finally, to find the real cost the recyclability of the photocatalyst has been taken into consideration.


The authors summarized such focal points in the perioperative nursing of 2 patients receiving pancreas-kidney-duodenum combined transplantation by enteral drainage as preoperative psychological nursing, postoperative observation of transplant function and rejection, strict medicine management, timely observation and care of the complications such as vascular embolization of transplanted pancreas, hemorrhage in digestive tract, pancreatic fistula, intestinal fistula, peripancreatic infection, all of which ensured the success in transplantation.


be duly attended to, particularly the chapters discussing visitor-related issues. Some chapters may be better aligned, so that there can be better coherence between the contents of different chapters. For instance, starting from Chapters 7 to 10 there has been overlapping of topics covering visitor–resident relationships, so it might be more cohesive that Chapters 7 and 9 which both focus on the resident perspective could be bundled, and Chapter 10 could be sequenced right after Chapter 8 given their shared tourist-based angle of research. Nevertheless, this book still significantly contributes to critical knowledge of urban destinations in China, from which conceptualisation enhancement, paradigm enrichment and practical implications can be readily derived.


In multicast networks we can distribute the data packet of information to several systems instead of having to send that packet once for every destination. By this 5, 10, or 100 machines can receive the same packet, bandwidth is conserved. Also, when you use multicasting to send a packet, you don't need to know the address of everyone who wants to receive the multicast; instead, you simply "broadcast" it for anyone who is interested. We proposes a multicast based mimo systems to increase the wireless/wired data applications of distributed nature. So we require flow control schemes , to implement we need two integrative controllers called distributed self-tuning proportional integrative plus derivative (SPID) controller and distributed selftuning proportional plus integrative (SPI) controller. We also focuses on algorithm which describe the control mechanism in multicast Transmissions.


Education in the family environment is an informal education that is first received by children. Therefore education in the family is the basic formation of children's characters and attitudes. School is a supplement to the family, meaning that the position of the school is basically to support parental education (Rahayu 2012). In addition to the intensity of parental education in children's learning activities which will theoretically motivate and affect students learning achievement, then the socioeconomic status factors of parents are thought to also support student learning achievement and interest in learning. This study used a meta-analysis of data. The measurement instrument used is to use at least 4 educational journals about how parents' socioeconomic factors impact student learning achievement, especially in junior high school. This study uses descriptive data analysis techniques. The parents' occupation, in this case, affects how parents can materially facilitate children to support their studies and the time they have to guide the children in learning at home.


Management of displaced fractures of the acetabulum represents one of the greatest challenges in fracture surgery. The results had been proved to be successful after anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results and complications of open reduction of the displaced acetabular fractures to minimize the complications, and to present suggestions for the treatment of these fractures. We reviewed our experience with 23 displaced acetabular fractures which had been treated by open reduction to evaluate the clinical results and complications.


The hemispherical cavity-backed slot antenna is studied theoretically and experimentally. The exact magnetic field Green's function of the cavity is derived rigorously and expressed in a form convenient for numerical computation. The moment method is used to find the equivalent magnetic current in the slot and, hence, the input impedance of the antenna configuration. The effects of the cavity size, of the slot length, and of the slot offset on the input impedance are studied and very good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The variation of the magnetic current around the slot and cavity resonances are discussed. Comparisons between the rigorous solution and the single-mode theory are given and the limitation of the single-mode theory is discussed.


This paper proposes a new parameterized dynamic thermal modeling algorithm for emerging thermal-aware design and optimization for multi-core microprocessor design at architecture and package levels. Compared with existing behavioral thermal modeling algorithms, the proposed method can build the compact models from more general transient power and temperature waveforms used as training data. Such an approach can make the modeling process much easier and less restrictive than before, and more amenable for practical measured data. The new method, calledParThermSID, consists of two steps. First, the response surface method based on second order polynomials is applied to build the parameterized models at each time point for all the given sampling nodes in the parameter space. Second, an improved subspace system identification method, called ThermSID, is employed to build the discrete state space models, by construction of the Hankel matrix and state space realization, for each time-varying coefficient of the polynomials generated in the first step. To overcome the overfitting problems of the subspace method, the new method employs an overfitting mitigation technique to improve model accuracy and predictive ability. Experimental results on a practical quad-core microprocessor show that the generated parameterized thermal model matches the given data very well. The results also show that ThermSIDis more accurate than the existingThermPOFmethod. The compact models generated byParThermSIDalso offer two orders of magnitude speedup over the commercial thermal analysis tool FloTHERM on the given example.ParThermSIDis also much more general and flexible than the recently proposed parameterized thermal modeling methodParThermPOF. I. I NTRODUCTION As VLSI technology is scaled into the nanometer region, the power density of high-performance microprocessors increa ses drastically. The exponential power density increase will, in turn, lead to average chip temperature to raise rapidly [3]. Higher temperature has significant adverse impacts on chip packaging cost, performance, and reliability. Excessive o nchip temperature leads to slower transistor speed owing to reduced carrier mobility, more leakage power consumption a s leakage currents grow exponentially with temperature, hig her interconnect resistance, and reduced reliability [11], [5 . Thom Eguia, Sheldon X.-D. Tan, Ruijing Shen, Duo Li are with D epartment of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Rive rside, CA 92521 USA (e-mail:{teguia,stan,rshen,dli }@ee.ucr.edu) Eduardo H. Pacheco and Murli Tirumala are with Intel Corporat i n. Lingli Wang is with Departmebt of Microelectronics, Fudan Un iversity, Shanghai, China, 200433. This work is supported in part by NSF grant under No. CCF-0448 53 , in part by NSF Grant under No. CCF-0902885, in part by Semicond uctor Research Corporation (SRC) grant under No. 2009-TJ-1991, i n part by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality u nder grant No. 2009B021. One way to mitigate the high temperature problem is to put multiple cores into one single multi-core CPU [17], [1], [2] . In this way, one can simply increase the total throughput via task-level parallel computation, and have lower voltage an d frequency to meet thermal constraints. In this case, howeve r, the thermal effects are influenced by the placement of cores and shared caches. Therefore, it is very important to consid er the temperature during the floor planning and architecture design of multi-core microprocessor. The estimated temperature at the architecture level is vita l for performing accurate power (especially leakage power), performance, reliability, wear-out and aging analysis in t he floor planning and packaging design [24]. As a result, design guided by temperature can be optimized theoretically witho u potential thermal problems. For the cycle-accurate archit e ture thermal simulation, the simulation time can be very long (several seconds) [18], [27]. For instance, for a 3GHz CPU, 10K clock cycles (typically used) is 3.3us. For 10 seconds, the number of time steps is 3 million. Although the simulatio n techniques have seen some progress recently [6], more effici ent thermal simulators are still highly desired. To facilitate this temperature-aware architecture design, it is important to have accurate and fast thermal estimation at the architecture le vel. The demands for reliable and practical tools for thermal architecture modeling from both architecture and CAD tool communities could not be higher. The traditional bottom-up approaches including FEM (finite element), FDM (finite difference), and computational flow dynamics (CFD) based methods were widely used for thermal modeling and analysis in the past. They can be accurate when detailed thermal structures are known. However, these detailed models can be substantially large which prevents their use in many practical problems. Static and transient thermal modeling methods at different levels (parts, packge, board) have been been proposed in the past. Many approaches try to use thermal resistance and capacitance wi th fixed topology networks subject to different thermal bounda ry conditions [14], [7], [4]. The main limitation of those meth ods is to determine appropriate RC values of elements, especial ly for complex geometries and boundary conditions. The RC values are typically determined and optimized against the fi eld numerical or analytic results [10], [21] and measured data [ 23]. For thermal modeling at architecture level, existing work o n HotSpot [12], [24] tries to solve this problem by generating the architecture thermal model in a bottom-up way based on the internal structure/architecture of the microproces sor. These bottom-up compact models, however, may suffer from IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VLSI SYSTEMS, VOL XX, NO. XX, DECEMBER 2 00X 2 accuracy loss, and compact models have to be calibrated with hardware if more accurate models are required. Also, the generated lumped RC models are not parameterized as different RC models will be generated with different parameter s such as thermal conductivities, different thermal conditi ons (ambient temperatures), and packaging configurations [25] , [26]. Recently a top-down behavioral architecture level th ermal modeling method, ThermPOF, has been proposed [16], where temperature impulse responses are used to build the thermal models by the matrix pencil method. In this paper, we propose a new parameterized thermal modeling approach for fast temperature estimation at the ar chitecture and package levels for multi-core microprocess ors. The new approach can build the behavioral thermal models from measured or simulated transient thermal and power information. The main advantage of the proposed modeling method over the existing black-box thermal modeling method s like ThermPOF [16] and ParThermPOF [15], where only impulse/step power inputs can be accepted is that the propos ed method can accept general transient power and temperature waveforms. This makes the new method much more training friendly and general, as transfer function-like responses are typically difficult, even impossible (intractable), to obt ain from the measurements. Furthermore, the new method is a top-down, black-box approach, which means it does not require any internal structure of the system. Lastly, it can accommodate a number of parameters, such as location of thermal sensors on a heat sink, thermal conductivity of heat sink materials, etc. The new method, calledParThermSID, consists of two techniques. First, the response surface method (RSM) based on second order polynomials is adopted to build the parameterized models at each time point for all the given sampling nodes in the parameter space (except for time). Second it applies an improved subspace system identification method, called ThermSIDto build the transient model for each timevarying coefficient of the polynomials generated in the first step. The subspace system identification method can accept general transient inputs and thus eliminates the need for impulse/step power inputs. The subspace system identificat ion first generates the states of the desired models in terms of a Hankel matrix of Markov parameters from the measured input and output data via subspace projection and reduction. Then , the discrete state matrices are obtained through state matr ix realizations. To overcome the over-fitting problem in the subspace method, ThermSIDapplies an over-fitting mitigation technique to pick up the best model among several that are built on partial training data to overcome the unavoidable overfitting problem associated with training-based modeli ng processes. Experimental results on a real multicore microprocessor show thatThermSIDand ParThermSIDcan provide thermal behavioral models that match the measured data very closely with similar accuracy toThermPOFand ParThermPOF. The compact models generated by ParThermSIDalso offer two orders of magnitude speedup over the commercial thermal analysis toolFloTHERMon given examples. ParThermSIDis also much more general and flexible than the recently propose d die:3 die:2 die:1 die:0 CACHE die:4 1 cm 1 cm DIE TIM1 Heat spreader TIM2 Heat sink Fig. 1. Quad-core architecture parameterized thermal modeling method ParThermPOF. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II presents the thermal modeling problem we are trying to solve . Section III reviews the subspace system method for its use in thermal modeling, while III-B explores overfitting and the r esulting mitigation techniques. Section IV reviews the resp onse surface method, and describes its use in parameterization. Finally, section V presents the results of both T ermSIDand ParThermSID, with section VI concluding the paper. II. PACKAGE-LEVEL PARAMETERIZED THERMAL MODELING PROBLEM Our modeling problem requires building parameterized ther mal models considering both time and other variable param


Through cultivating pathogenic fungi of mulberry brown rot disease under 6 conditions such as different media,temperature,carbon source and nitrogen source after 6 days,research on the biological characteristics of pathogenic fungus causing brown spot on mulberry leaves was conducted. The results showed that nutrition,temperature and pH had significant influence on mycelial growth. It was found that the best medium for mycelial growth was oatmeal medium,the proper temperature was 20 ~ 30℃,the optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25℃,the light had no obvious promotion effect on mycelial growth. It was also found that the optimal pH was9 to 10,the best carbon source and nitrogen source for mycelial grow are α-Galoctaose and Carbamide,and the mycelial could not survive above 55℃ more than 10 min.


(ABSTRACT) This study examined the influence of behaviors exhibited in the classroom on reading and math achievement in the first, third and eighth grades; and the influence of teacher perceptions on reading and math achievement of African-Americans versus White students and male versus female students. Lastly, the study examined teacher ratings of student behavior and standardized measures of intelligence in predicting reading and math achievement.


We report detailed synthesis of a range of porous graphene oxide frameworks (GOFs) by expansion of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with various linear boronic acid pillaring units in a solvothermal reaction. The GOF structures develop through boronate-ester formation as a result of B–O bonding between boronic acids and oxygen functional groups on the GO layers. Synthesized GOFs exhibit periodic layered structures with largely expanded interlayer spacing as characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The boronate-ester link formation is further evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the strong boronate-ester bonds between GO layers results in improved thermal stability over the precursor GO. The solvent-free, evacuated frameworks provide highly increased accessible surface area for nitrogen adsorption compared to GO alone, which depends on the type and length of the boronic acid, indicating the importance of pillaring unit. Both isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) and the adsorbed hydrogen capacity per surface area are twice as large as typical porous carbon materials and comparable to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal centers. This enhanced Qst and adsorption capacity is attributed to optimum interlayer spacing between graphene planes such that hydrogen molecules interact with both surfaces. Finally, our systematic study reveals the profound effect of both synthesis and activation temperatures to obtain porous framework structures.


It is logical that anyone with seizures should not subject himself to repetitive head trauma. Unfortunately, when considering the issue of contact sports for epileptics, there is little more to go on than this apparent logic. Most physicians, in addition to regular anticonvulsive therapy, empirically recommend rest, good food, and physical and mental activity; also, they urge parents and associates to treat the patient as normally as possible. On the basis of such recommendations, the Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports took the position in 1968 that, after a thorough medical evaluation and after medical control of the seizure disorder had been established, young people with convulsive disorders could participate in sports. The Committee, at that time, had taken the position that contact sports such as boxing, tackle football, ice hockey, diving, soccer, rugby, lacrosse, and other sports involving chronic recurring head trauma should be avoided. This advice was


In calculus,the most important aspects to study the character of function are continuity and derivation.Some special characters are showed in some special functions.These characters are discussed in this paper.


Melatonin - the most well studied factor of the circadian rhythm - attracts much intereset in regard to a disease-modifying therapy for epilepsy. In some forms of epilepsy, circadian dysrhythmias and sleep disorders can trigger the development of epileptic seizures, while in others - seizures develop from the REM-phase of sleep. The aim is to review and analyze studies on the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin as an additional medication for disease-modifying therapy in pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods . The search was conducted for Russian and English articles reflecting the results of studies on the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin in patients with epilepsy. We used the following databases: ELibrary.ru, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinical Case, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search was carried out using the keywords: melatonin, epilepsy, epileptic syndrome, disease-modifying therapy, children, adolescents, adults, safety, efficacy, reduction of seizures, adverse drug reactions, quality of life. The following materials were included in the search: full-text articles in Russian and English; original research papers; Cochrane reviews; clinical observations; publication dates - from 2003 to 2018. We did not reviwed: abstracts; theses; monographs; handbooks; textbooks; materials published before 2003. In total we found 986 publications; of those, 114 met the inclusion criteria. Results. Clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin in a disease-modifying therapy for epilepsy in children and adults are rare, conducted in small groups of patients, and differ in their design. These findings do not allow recommending melatonin, at the present time, for widespread use in the routine clinical treatment of epilepsia. Notably, determining the optimal daily dose of exogenous melatonin is rather difficult because this drug has both proconvulsive and anticonvulsant effects. Therefore, such a disease-modifying therapy requires a personalized approach to achieve a balance between these two actions of melatonin. Conclusion. The role of exogenous melatonin as a treatment modality in epilepsy remains unclear, although this approach is considered possible for disease-modifying therapy. Large-scale clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin in epilepsy are needed. Currently, the use of exogenous melatonin in epilepsy is not regulated by law.


The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of eliminating short lactations and adjusting milk productions for lactation length, on heritability estimates and ranking of sires, evaluated for milk yield traits of Pitangueiras cows (5/8 Red Poll: 3/8 Zebu), raised in Sao Paulo State. The following traits were studied: total milk yield (TMY), 305-day milk yield (MY305), lactation length (LL) and 305-day lactation length (LL305). Data were analysed by least squares methodology, according to four schemes of analysis of variance, including or not the regression of lactation length as a source of variation. And considering or not the lactations shorter than 91 days. Heritabilities estimated for TMY and MY305, were in average. 0.43 ± 0.10 and 0.33 ± 0.09. without adjusting for lactation length and 0.16 ± 0.06 and 0.09 ± 0.05. with the adjustment for lactation length respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients between ranks of sires for all traits suggest that ranking can be modified both by the adjustment for lactation length and by the elimination of short lactations.


Measurements done recently at the NSLS have indicated that the level of intensity found in the wings of diffraction peaks from silicon at higher x-ray energies (>20keV) far exceeds the value which would be predicted based on the dynamical theory. We have measured Si(220) double crystal rocking curves at the 40keV fundamental and harmonics with v,'u'ious crystal scattering geometries: Bragg-Bragg, LaueBragg, Laue-Laue. The comparison of the Bragg and Laue case diffraction geometries was done to determine scattering volume effects. Comp,'u'isons with dynamical theory calculations will be discussed. These measurements have been carried out in order to assess the level of harmonic contamination which will ge present from a double crystal monochromator being designed for the X17 Superconducting Wiggler Beamline. DI:,::;;;":IIBUTION OF THIS DOCUM._NT 18 UNLIM.J1


Kinetic theory is used to investigate the stability of ballooning interchange modes in the high-pressure geotail plasma. A variational form of the stability problem is used to compare new kinetic stability results with MHD, fast MHD, and Kruskal and Oberman [1958] stability results. Two types of drift modes are analyzed: A kinetic ion pressure gradient drift wave with a frequency given by the ion diamagnetic drift frequency ω *pi and a very low frequency mode |ω| ω *pi , ω Di that is often called a convective cell or the trapped particle mode. In the high-pressure geotail plasma a general procedure for solving the stability problem in a 1/β expansion for the minimizing δB∥ is carried out to derive an integral differential equation for the kinetically valid displacement field ξ ψ for a flux tube. The plasma energy released by these modes is estimated in the nonlinear state. The role of these instabilities in substorm dynamics is assessed in the substorm scenarios described by Maynard et al. [1996].


The invention as a solid oxide fuel cell stack, and about the manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly relates to a serial-to-parallel structure solid oxide fuel cell stack to produce electricity and a manufacturing method thereof. The solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the invention the second electric consolidated on the front end surface and the outer surface portion of the first electrical consolidated connected to the first electrode is formed in, a rear end surface and the outer surface portion of the flat tubular support connected to the second electrode Preparation of the formed unit cell modules, the cell module outside is laminated so that concatenated same polarity to each other electrically producing the parallel-connected unit stack modules, the serial connection of the front and back of the stack of modules parallel mixed type solid oxide on the side of It characterized in that for producing a fuel cell, one-piece (monolithic) stack. The solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the invention in direct dependence, laminated by the unit cell in the stack performance depends only difficulty, series connection of a large area of the unit cells to be pointed out weaknesses in the production method of the solid oxide fuel cell stack It can be solved by the difficulty of making such a large stack. The solid oxide fuel cell of flat tubular support, integral stack, the serial parallel connection composite


Plasma nitriding is very effective in removing the passive layer of chromium oxide formed naturally on the surface of stainless steel, but controlling the kinetics is key for optimal results.


We report an operationally simple, visible-light-driven protocol for intramolecular C-H difluoroacetamidation of arenes for the synthesis of biologically relevant 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles at room temperature. Using fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatalyst and a 3 W blue LED as a light source, an array of difluoroxindoles was prepared from rapidly available tertiary aryl bromodifluoroacetamides in moderate to excellent yields.


ABSTRACT Comprehension of classifier-noun sequences was examined in separate studies in English and Mandarin by comparing event-related brain potential (ERP) responses to classifier-noun matches (a sheet of paper) and mismatches (a sheet of coffee) embedded in sentences. One goal was to determine which ERP components are sensitive to such mismatches, as a clue about the nature of the underlying combinatorial processes. Another goal was to examine effects of classifier constraint strength (a piece of …  vs. a sheet of … ) on anticipation of a subsequent noun. Results were similar in the two languages, which is remarkable given substantial differences between them in classifier usage. In both languages, nouns evoked larger N400s in mismatching classifier-noun sequences, suggesting that combinatorial processing was primarily semantic, and general classifiers evoked a larger sustained frontal negativity than specific classifiers starting 200 milliseconds after classifier onset, reflecting effects of constraint strength on anticipation of the upcoming noun.


To the Editor: Atazanavir (ATV) is a recently licensed protease inhibitor (PI) showing a favorable lipid profile as compared with other drugs of the same class. In Italy, the drug has only been approved for use in PI-pretreated patients and with ritonavir boosting (ATV/r). Up to now, it has been available through an ''Early Access Program'' (EAP). To evaluate the efficacy of switching to ATV/r from a previous antiretroviral (ARV) regimen, we performed an analysis of a group of patients enrolled in the EAP at our center. Among an overall total of 149 patients treated with the ATV/r-containing regimen, we selected 102 patients whowere switched to ATV/r plus a combination of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the context of a simplification strategy: (1) as intolerant to the previous regimen (n = 76, 74.5%), (2) as reporting or being at risk for low adherence because of the pill burden or dosing frequency (n = 18, 17.7%), and (3) in case of treatment failure but related to discontinuation because of side effects or suboptimal adherence (n = 8, 7.8%). All patients underwent a blood test, including a CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA and metabolic assessment at baseline, every month during the first 3 months, and, subsequently, every 3 months. The patients were prospectively evaluated up to virologic failure, considered as 2 consecutive HIV RNA levels of >500 copies/mL or interruption of ATV/r for any cause. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model was performed to assess the probability of and factors associated with failure and/or interruption. The characteristics of patients were as follows: 63.7% were male, mean age was 42 years, intravenous drug use was reported in 37.3%; median CD4 count at ATV/r initiation was 396 cells/mL; proportion of HIV RNA levels <500 copies/mL was 66.5%; median overall duration of pre-ATV/r therapy was 60 months; and median numbers of ARV drugs and treatment regimens used before ATV/r were 6 and 3, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (28.4%) experienced at least 1 pre-ATV/r virologic failure. Switching to ATV/r, most patients simplified their combination regimen: 97 (95.1%) reduced their pill burden, and 66 (64.7%) reduced their daily dose, with 62 switching to a once-daily regimen. Evidence of lipodystrophy (lipoatrophy and/or fat accumulation) was present in 78 patients (76.5%); lipodystrophy was diagnosed if reported by the patient and confirmed by medical examination. Over a median follow-up of 6 months (range: 1–13 months, interquartile range: 3–9 months), 13 treatment failures were observed, of which 5 were virologic failures and 8 were ATV/r interruptions. Reasons for interruption were as follows: elevation in bilirubin level (2 patients), elevation in transaminase level (2 patients), skin rash (2 patients), stroke not related to ATV/r treatment (1 patient), and patient decision (1 patient). Treatment failure was less frequently observed in patients with lipodystrophy than among other patients (6 of 78 patients [7.7%] vs. 7 of 24 patients [29.2%]; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with <500 copies/mL of HIV RNA increased during follow-up from 66.5% at enrollment to approximately 90% from the second month up to 1 year. A progressive decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides levels was observed through the course of follow-up, particularly from the sixth month of ATV/r therapy. No significant reversion of lipodystrophy was observed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a probability of treatment failure of 10.0% at 3 months; 14.7% at 6 months, and 17.9% at 9 and 12 months. On multivariate analysis (Table 1), including factors significant in the univariate model, patients with diagnosed lipodystrophy at the time they switched to ATV/r had a significantly lower risk of failure. In contrast, having experienced at least 1 pre-ATV/r virologic failure was significantly associated with a higher risk of failure. A lower CD4 cell count and higher HIV RNA level were not found to be significantly associated with ATV/r failure. Two observations were made from our experience with PI-pretreated patients switched to the ATV/r-containing combination regimen. First, ATV/r showed effectiveness in rescuing patients who, even in course of effective treatments, showed adherence or toxicity problems and need of simplified therapy. In our nonrandom sample, the proportions of treatment failure were comparable to those reported in other observational or randomized studies evaluating different simplification strategies. Second, the evidence of a lower proportion of failure found in patients with lipodystrophy might be related to better adherence. Indeed, before starting ATV/r, patients were informed by the physician responsible for their care that


A significant proportion of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are preschool-aged, yet few interventions exist for this population. Those interventions that do exist focus primarily on reducing psychopathology, without addressing the range of potential outcomes, including resilient functioning. This case study considers the treatment of Alexis, a 6-year-old, African American girl who was referred for services following exposure to IPV. At her initial intake, she not only showed evidence of posttraumatic stress but also exhibited characteristics of resilient functioning. Over the course of a 10-session group intervention, Alexis's resilient functioning improved, according to both therapist and maternal report. At follow-up, her posttraumatic stress symptoms were below the clinical range, indicating improvement in psychopathology paralleling her increases in resilient functioning. This case lends support for the use of group interventions with young children exposed to violence and also emphasizes the importance of assessing multiple domains of functioning, including resilient behaviors.


In this paper, a survey is done on various approaches used to recognize name entity in various Indian languages. Firstly, the introduction is given about the work done in the NER task. Then a survey is given about the work done in recognition of name entities in English and other foreign languages like Spanish, Chinese etc. In English language, lots of work has been done in this field, where capitalization is a major clue for making rules. Secondly, a survey is given regarding the work done in Indian Languages. As Punjabi is one of the Indian languages and also the official language of Punjab. In next part, survey is given on Punjabi Language regarding what work is done and what work is


To investigate the effect of magnetic materials on hydrogen explosion, experiments on the effect of antimagnetic aluminium wires and ferromagnetic nickel wires on hydrogen explosion are carried out, using CHEMKIN-PRO...


Abstract Visual preference is determined by what we see. This study shows the associative strength between visual preference and selected components of outdoor type scenes. Viewers were asked to assess the relative magnitude of what they saw when looking at 35 mm color slides depicting outdoor scenes. Correlation analysis was used to develop the association between the degree of viewer preference and the degree to which each scenic component was perceived. Analyses were also done for viewer groups by gender, age, ethnicity, community type, terrain type, education level, and professional expertise. Factor analysis revealed that twelve of the original eighteen components could be reduced to four, indicating that they are likely to be synonyms and may be measuring the same thing. The memories variable was consistently associated with viewing preference throughout all scenes and viewer types. Color brightness and color variety were also consistently correlated with viewing preference.


In this study, significant information of red flesh watermelon ripeness is determined by using a spectrometer and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). A few of red flesh watermelons were measured in both non-destructive and destructive method by using a spectrometer to identify the significant ripeness features in various grades. Visible light (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) are used as a radiation light of the spectrometer to emit light to the surface of the sample. Percentage of reflectance with respect to the intensity of radiation light being reflected from the surface of the sample then is measured by MCS600 Carl Zeiss spectrometer and the signal is sent to a computer and displayed by Aspect Plus software. By using SPSS software, further numerical analysis is used to measure the relationship between the percentages of reflectance's to identify the relevant information of watermelon ripeness for each grade. The outcomes have shown that it is successfully identified the relationship between watermelon ripeness and the optical wavelength.


This paper is a sequel to ``Frequency Gauged Clocks on a Free Fall Grid and Some Gravitational Phenomena''. We Doppler boost a de Broglie particle from a free fall grid onto a stationary field of gravity. First we do this for a photon and then for a particle with non-zero rest-mass. This results in an identification of the two Doppler boost options with electron spin or with electron energy double-valueness. It seems that, within the limitations of our approach to gravity, we found a bottom up version of a possible theory of Quantum Gravity, on that connects the de Broglie hypothesis to gravity. This paper realizes the connection between our papers ``Frequency Gauged Clocks on a Free Fall Grid and Some Gravitational Phenomena'' and ``Towards a 4-D Extension of the Quantum Helicity Rotator with a Hyperbolic Rotation Angle of Gravitational Nature''.


Abstract This article focuses on an imperfect production inventory model with production system reliability under two layer supply chain management. Here, we consider the production system may be shift from in-control state to an out-of-control after a time which is a random variable. A development cost is incurred to improve the reliability of the production system where the reliability parameter depends on the production rate. The rate of defectiveness of the imperfect quality items is also assumed as random and depends upon the production rate and time length of the out-of-control state. A disposal cost per unit of disposed items is incurred to minimize the environmental pollution. Finally, average profit of the integrated model has been maximized by optimizing the production rate as well as defective rate of the production system and some numerical examples have been given to illustrate the feasibility of the model.


Objective To summerise our experience of nutritional support in the management of external fistulas of the alimentary tract. Methods A series of 17 patients with external fistulas of alimentary tract is presented, of whom 16 were high output and 8 belonged to intractable complicated fistulas. The mean output of each fistula was 1061ml/d. The mean duration of PN support for each patient was 39.5 days and the longest one maintained for 218 days. Results The fistulas healed spontaneously in 10 cases(58.8%). Operative resection of fistulous segments during the time of PN were successful in 4 cases(23.5%). Two died(11.8%). Conclusions Pancreatic fistulas, complicated external fistulas, labial fistulas of which the mucous membrane were valgus and fistulas of specific etiology(tuberculosis,grastrinoma,etc.) were all hardly healing spontaneously. PN was an essential treatment for patients with external fistulas of alimentary tract. It not only encouraged the spontaneous closure,but also won the time for surgical clusure of intractable fistulas.


Abstract In Iran, potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) jeopardizes the traditionally high yields of potatoes in Hamadan Province in the west of Iran. Biofumigation is an eco-friendly method for integrated management of plant parasitic nematodes. In the laboratory, water extracts of water cress, fenugreek and dill similarly reduced viability of second stage juveniles after 3 h of exposure, and decreased hatching of encysted eggs to less than 1%. Pre-treatment and combined tests similarly decreased hatch. The nematicidal efficiency of top green manure of Lepidium sativum on the survival of nematode was tested on a susceptible cv in microplots. The weights of biofumigated plants increased. Anti-hatching properties of water cress applied as a biofumigant reduced hatch by average of 56%. Reproduction rates were lowered to below one, and final populations of cysts and their egg contents were reduced by nearly 60% in treated soil. Biofumigation at a 1% amendment rate was sufficient to bring about these results, which were comparable with those achieved with 2 and 3% rates. Nematicidal isothiocyanates released after incorporating glucosinolate-containing brassica plants are fully biodegradable and less toxic than their synthetic equivalents, and their use is considered a safer alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide.


Electric appliance, namely a vaporizer or an inhaler, with a circuit arrangement (S) for powering a piezoelectric actuator (P) from a DC voltage source (U - the first half-bridge of H-bridge circuit of a first switching element (S1) and a second switching element (S2) is formed, - the second half-bridge of H-bridge circuit as a capacitive voltage divider comprising a first capacitor (C1) and a second capacitor (C2) is formed, - a component (L) is arranged in the bridge branch, the essential electrical characteristic is inductance, - the piezoelectric actuator (P) is coupled in the bridge branch or in the operating condition can be coupled, and - control electronics (A), drives the first and the second switching element (S1, S2) in the operational state, wherein the switching frequency at which the first and the second switching element (S1, S2) are driven is 20 kHz-1000 kHz, in particular 30 kHz-300 kHz.


Through using the method of literature,questionnaire and mathematical statistics,this paper studied the current situations of public martial art teaching of 18 colleges in Anhui province. As a result,there are many problems to be solved,such as the teaching content,teaching methods,qualification of teachers and equipments,which have negative effect on teaching efficiency. Accordingly,this paper employs some methods to deal with the problems.


EGF receptor levels were investigated in esophageal squa‐mous‐cell carcinoma tissues from 31 patients. Twenty‐two (71%) of these cancer tissues exhibited significantly higher 125I‐EGF binding activity than normal mucosa in the adjacent noncancerous tissues. These EGF receptor levels were then compared on the basis of pathological findings including lymph‐node metastasis, depth of invasion, differentiation type, vascular invasion, infiltration and location of the lesion. Unlike previous reports on breast and bladder cancers, our study showed no obvious correlation between these pathological characteristics and the EGF receptor levels in esophageal carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining with the anti‐EGF receptor monoclonal antibody detected EGF receptors in squamous cells of the cancer tissues as well as in the basal cells of nearby normal epithelium. Since the basal cells have proliferative potential in the esophagus, the increase in EGF receptor levels in these cells may possibly be associated with the development of human esophageal squamous‐cell cancer.


From the error characteristics of aeromagnetic data set,the leveling method applicable to the aeromagnetic measured cross line network has been studied,and a GIS-based auto-leveling software has been designed and developed.So a new automated tools for aeromagnetic data leveling processing has been provided.Practical application results show that the software can effectively eliminate the false anomaly caused by the inconsistencies of background field levels between survey lines,and has a friendly graphical interface and massive data processing capacity.It has a high practical value on improving aeromagnetic data quality and data processing efficiency.


Today, biometric security is mainly used for unique authentication. Biometric authentication system provides more benefits when compared to traditional id and passwords. Fingerprints of a person are always unique throughout his/her life. Fingerprint biometric system is cheaper as compared to another biometric systems such as retina, DNA, face etc. Altered fingerprint detection was more issues in existing systems, so we have proposed a system that will overcome  and detect the altered fingerprints. For analysis and detection of altered fingerprints we are using minutiae algorithm technique to detect fake users and altered fingerprints. Minutiae algorithm also categorizes the fingerprints on the basis of different patterns. We have proposed a system to that will automatically detect the altered fingerprints and produce the match count. We have also proposed so that it will provide an alternative security to the users.


From the demographic point of view, the future of Serbia's population is
 relatively certain at least in the next three to four decades. However, the
 decreasing and ageing of the population are considered to be very certain
 processes in the much longer term. Although replacement fertility is an
 essential condition for long-term survival of any population, it is shown
 that only an immigration impulse could enable desired effects of the
 potential fertility recovery in Serbia in the longer perspective. Such a
 migration transition (from net emigration to net immigration) would
 inevitably lead to increased socio-cultural diversity and require the
 development of integration strategies. If successful, policies to stimulate
 an increase in net migration provide an almost instant result. Apart from old
 immigration countries from Western Europe, this was the case with new
 immigration destinations located in Mediteranean and Central Europe,
 including some former socialist countries. When evaluating the future trend
 of international migration balance of Serbia, the experiences of the latter
 countries is used. The population dynamics model created for the purpose of
 the paper is based upon the probabilistic concept of projecting vital
 components. The main conclusion is that there is no demographic alternative
 to the migration transition in Serbia when it comes to sustainability of the
 social security systems in the coming decades, but the realization of such a
 scenario is still not clear from today's perspective, given the existing
 limitations of the socio-economic nature.


By means of electrochemical techniques, the corrosion of Zn in NaHSO/sub 3/ aerated and deaerated aqueous solutions at 25/sup 0/C was studied. The kinetic equations proposed from values obtained in the Tafel region were in good agreement with those provided by computer program POLCURR developed by Gerchakov et al. for overpotentials of + or - 20 mV. On those bases and analyzing by x-ray, the corrosion products formed an overall reaction was proposed which would be controlled by an adsorption-oxidation step.


A module to simulate bacteria fate and transport in watersheds was first tested in SWAT 2000 and fully integrated into the SWAT2005 code. Since then, few investigators have utilized SWAT to model bacteria fate and transport in spite of bacteria being a major cause of streams impairment in the U.S. In this article, bacteria equations are briefly presented. Modeling applications, which range from 16 to 3,870 km2, from Missouri, Kansas, and Georgia in the U.S. and from Brittany in France, are reviewed, highlighting the modeling successes and the challenges. In all cases, land use included agricultural and forested land with a mix of point and nonpoint sources. Nonpoint sources included indirect (manure deposited on land) and direct contributions from cattle or wildlife to the streams. In some cases, urban and residential contributions were included. Strategies to represent the different sources, calibration methods, and goodness of fit were compared. Changes to the model's code that were necessary to handle contributions from urban areas were reviewed. Overall, SWAT reasonably simulated the range and frequencies of bacteria concentrations. In all cases, direct bacteria inputs into streams appeared to have a major impact on the model results. This review also indicates that the model processes that simulate the release and transport of bacteria in surface runoff may need to be revisited. This improvement could enable SWAT to be more reliable for predicting bacteria concentrations and evaluating the impact of different management scenarios on bacteria contributions to surface water resources.


The final work is titled Draft City Branding Padang city. The introduction has not been packaged properly. It creates an image that is less attractive for tourists, when in fact the City The potential that ought to be proud of by the people. This design uses the theory of city branding, communication theory, design theory and the theory of color. Therefore, in the design of this time are highlighted in The later through verbal and visual messages, tagline and media applications that are effective and efficient. As for media design is the logo along with the explanation. Design a billboard media applications, facebook account, t-shirts, mugs, keychains, signed area, posters, pins, post card, sticker, calendar and jlaxchange. All the media is part of the process of city branding Padang city. Keywords: Concept, City Branding, Padang.


The restrictions and improvements o n institutionalization of chinese p easants' political participation The fundamental measures of eradica ting great deal of uninstitutionalized political participation of chin ese peasants are to construct a set of institutionalized participation s ystems.The double contradictions -one is between the strong demands of p easants' political participation and the defects of participation system;the other is between the peasant s' strong demands and the low degree of t heir development and organization.Those are the key factors that restrain the institutionalized political participation in our countryside.The governments shoul d take some measures to construction o f institutionalized participation system.


In this work, the relaxation parameter (τ) and fractionality order (α) in the fractional single phase lag (FSPL) non-Fourier heat conduction model are estimated by employing the conjugate gradient inverse method (CGIM). Two different physics of skin tissue are chosen as the studied cases; single and three-layer skin tissues. Single-layer skin is exposed to laser radiation having the constant heat flux of Qin. However, a heat pulse with constant temperature is imposed on the three-layer skin. The required inputs for the inverse problem in the fractional diffusion equation are chosen from the outcomes of the dual phase lag (DPL) theory. The governing equations are solved numerically by utilizing implicit approaches. The results of this study showed the efficiency of the CGIM to estimate the unknown parameters in the FSPL model. In fact, obtained numerical results of the CGIM are in excellent compatibility with the FSPL model.


The 304 stainless steel was welded using laser welding technology, and the plasma images generated in the welding process was deal using computers, then extraction area, height and other parameters. The stability of the laser welding process was analyzed according to the change of stainless steel weld width of the specimen to find the relationship between the characteristic parameters and plasma welding stability. The results show that the change of the image area and height of the plasma and the proportion of exceeding the threshold region can accurately determine the stability of the laser welding process.


Linguistic tone is transcribed for input into ASR systems in numerous ways. This paper shows a systematic test of several transcription styles, using as an example the Chibchan language Bribri, an extremely low-resource language from Costa Rica. The most successful models separate the tone from the vowel, so that the ASR algorithms learn tone patterns independently. These models showed improvements ranging from 4% to 25% in character error rate (CER), and between 3% and 23% in word error rate (WER). This is true for both traditional GMM/HMM and end-to-end CTC algorithms. This paper also presents the first attempt to train ASR models for Bribri. The best performing models had a CER of 33% and a WER of 50%. Despite the disadvantage of using hand-engineered representations, these models were trained on only 68 minutes of data, and therefore show the potential of ASR to generate further training materials and aid in the documentation and revitalization of the language.


Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the ovarian volume by transvaginal ultrasonography in a gynecologically healthy population of women using no contraception, using intrauterine contraceptive device, or using oral contraceptive.


A unified viscoplastic constitutive model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) has been recently developed for the prediction of forming limit curves (FLCs) and fracture forming limit curves (FFLCs). In this CDM model, two damage variables which are strain path dependent (so called strain-based model) have been introduced to model the necking and fracture limits in sheet metal forming. In this study, the two damage variables have been modified by replacing the strain components with stress components to model stress path dependence (so called stress-based model). Then the two sets of CDM models have been analysed and compared in respect to their computational accuracy and efficiency. For this purpose, all the material constants in the models have been calibrated using the recently published data of 22MnB5 boron steel sheet under hot stamping conditions. Subsequently, the two models together with the calibrated material constants have been implemented into the commercial software ABAQUS using a user subroutine VUMAT, and applied to biaxial tests for the computation of both the necking and the fracture limit strains at hot stamping temperatures. Computational results show that there is little difference between the two CDM models with respect to the computed limit strain values, but the strain-based CDM model is more time-efficient.


This multi-faceted volume on indigenous experience in the Americas is based on the presentations of a 2002 conference at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. It not only covers both Mesoamerica and the Andes as the subtitle indicates, but also stretches from the time before contact with Spain to the political break with that nation that occurred in the early nineteenth century. As all conference-based volumes must, the book struggles against the twin threats of dissonance and incoherence, but it does so successfully in large measure and ends by making a valuable contribution to the literature.


A unique technology for the fabrication of high-quality and robust beam delivery optics for fiber lasers is presented. CO2 lasers are used to reshape the spherical surface of plano-convex fused-silica rod-lenses, and then fuse the optical fiber directly to these lenses. A specific fiber collimating system is presented and analyzed in terms of aberrations, insertion loss, M2, and return loss. Test results are compared to the theoretical modeling, demonstrating the accuracy and repeatability of this technology.


pre-op (prior to CC-AUS). When compared to the fi rst AUS, 44% felt they were " more dry " , 11% were similar and 44% felt " less dry " . All patients would have surgery again or would recommend to a friend. No patients reported urinary retention, change in penile sensation, glans necrosis, infections, or AUS malfunction. 2 patients required downsizing of their cuffs, and both had improvement. One patient had an erosion (ventral) of his CC-AUS with removal. CONCLUSIONS: This is the fi rst report of the CIRCUMCORPORAL AUS. It appears to be a safe and effective surgical option for SUI in complex cases with prior AUS erosions. It has been suc-cessful in patients following XRT and multiple prior erosions. There have been no sensory or penile vascular changes noted. Longer term follow up is required to determine if results are durable.


All types of chemical reactions (reduction, alkylation, and complexation of Ti species by organoaluminum compounds) leading to formation of active sites in heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta catalysts have been studied within density functional theory. A generally accepted mechanism of active site formation was found to be less preferable as compared to the alternative ways considered. Based on the calculation implemented, a whole active site formation scenario was postulated for the different active center precursors on the MgCl2 surface. The mechanism proposed allows us to rationalize the domination of Ti3+ over Ti2+ under reduction of Ti4+ surface species by AlR3, the absence of an electron spin resonance signal for the TiCl4/MgCl2 + AlR3 system with low Ti content, the stronger reduction ability of Al(i-Bu)3 than AlEt3, the deactivation effect of AlR2Cl, and the reactivation ability of AlR3.


In order to prevent the surface defect in the magnesium alloy extrusion process, it is important to set an appropriate process condition. The extrusion limit diagram is very useful to achieve the maximum extrusion speed without surface defect. In this study, the extrusion limit diagram for the magnesium alloy extrusion is constructed by using extrusion experiment and finite element analysis. For finite element analysis hot compression test is carried out to obtain the effective stress and stain curves according to the various strain rates and temperatures. The effectiveness of the constructed extrusion limit diagram is verified through the porthole extrusion experiment for producing the magnesium alloy bumper beam.


Abstract : OUTLINE: I. FARAD: Faraday Accelerator with RF-assisted Discharge: * Basic concept * Advantages * Basic questions and approach * Results of Proof-of-concept experiment. II. Ion acceleration by Beating Electrostatic Waves: * Basic concept * Advantages * Basic challenges * Status of research.


This paper carries on analysis calculation of the conference center and the scientific research center in a research institute based on the structure analysis program SATWE,TAT and PMSAP,according to the code for seismic design of building.The results of static analysis and time-histories analysis showed that the values of various reactions under earthquake action can satisfy the structure security requirements.And analysis how the model simplification affect the results.


In skeletal muscle, resting cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] cyto ) homeostasis is exquisitely regulated by Ca 2+ transport across the sarcolemmal, mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. Specifically, skeletal muscle contractile function is critically dependent on effective SR Ca 2+ handling. However, more recent studies have revealed that mitochondria are essentially involved in [Ca 2+ ] cyto homeostasis during and following muscle contractions. We recently provided substantial support for the mitochondria as a major site for Ca 2+ sequestration in skeletal muscle during recovery from fatiguing tetanic contractions under in vivo conditions. This review provides an overview of the role of skeletal muscle mitochondria in [Ca 2+ ] cyto regulation in vivo during and following muscle contractions.


Inherent uncertainty associated with the selection of input parameters to various geotechnical analyses often results in the likelihood of failure being a dominant topic in the discussion of risk associated with geotechnical assets. As a result, embankment failure is the default risk scenario driving ongoing management of tailings storage facilities (TSFs). This commonly applied approach is inefficient as it drives resource intensive TSF management and limits scope for a risk-based approach. However, many TSFs operate with several layers of controls in place. Therefore, assessment of risk with consideration of these controls would promote greater efficiency in TSF management.
A fit for purpose approach will be discussed that demonstrates how risk can be utilised as the foundation for the development of a management framework for a single or portfolio of TSFs. This approach focuses on the identification and monitoring of controls, based on the understanding that hazards impact when the controls put in place to manage them fail. It is necessary to build such an approach with the full application of risk principles, which will be introduced by a specialist in corporate risk. Topics covered include a brief history of risk, importance of control effectiveness in scenario selection and risk evaluation and communicating value at risk to drive resource allocation. It is hoped that this discussion and presentation of simple examples allows risk concepts to be better applied to the design and management of geotechnical structures.


ecofeminism either, despite many of these women trying '... to clarify just who they were and what nature was – to claim the right to speak on Nature's behalf without themselves being essentialized'. My concern would be that enthusiastic but inexperienced readers might be likely to waste time reinventing the wheel after consulting this anthology, due to the lack of signposting. I wonder whether Gates's conviction that her approach is unique and different has resulted in the rather strange 'free-floating' sense that this book has: it doesn't seem to batten on to anything anywhere very clearly, remaining simply a treasure chest. Treasure chest it is though, and I'm sure a lot of readers could find a nugget to get excited about here. I have found myself entranced by a previously unpublished prose poem on elderflowers by Beatrix Potter, and with a strong new interest in reading more about her life, having discovered details I never knew. Potter's original ambition was to be a scientific illustrator and experimental scientist, but her career was blocked for blatantly sexist reasons until, discouraged, she gave it up and turned to producing the awful 'little books' for children for which she is now remembered. The scientific community has latterly apologised to Potter, commending her significant original work, although sadly much of it has since disappeared. My final gem came two pages from last in an original footnote to a Marie Stopes article, where it is claimed that the concept of a husband's conjugal rights comes from a typesetting error in the early eighteenth century, when English was being substituted for Latin as the language of the law, and a mistaken Latin-English translation was made of obsequies as rights rather than rites – now there is something for philosophers to conjure with.


A Distinct Disease or Manifestation of Many? Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a term coined by Yannuzzi et al more than 30 years ago (Yannuzzi LA, Idiopathic PCV, Presented at Macula Society Meeting 1982; Miami, FL). As originally described, the term PCV was used to distinguish a particular form of exudative maculopathy that appeared distinct from other disorders associated with serosanguineous complications, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), angioid streaks, and myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy was characterized by the occurrence of polypoidal lesions or "polyps" that commonly progressed to hemorrhagic complications in the subretinal pigment epithelial (RPE) compartment. At the time, dye angiography and clinical observations were used to document the findings of PCV, and it was speculated that the polyps arose directly from the inner choroidal circulation. Since the original report describing PCV, the advent of multimodal imaging (MMI) has permitted phenotypic characterization of choroidal diseases at an unprecedented level. Integration of fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and, more recently, optical coherence tomography angiography findings have facilitated greater understanding of the structural features and natural course of neovascular diseases. It has also clarified previously held misconceptions about disease pathophysiology that were drawn from inferences made using technology with limited anatomical resolution. Finally, MMI has allowed redefinition of diseases using nomenclature that has greater utility with respect to natural course, treatment, and visual prognosis. The diagnostic criteria for PCV remain poorly defined, thus there is some degree of inconsistency in the application of this term within the ophthalmic literature. Some authors have used the term PCV to refer to a distinct clinical entity, whereas others have used it to describe a focal morphological manifestation within a broader neovascular process. Polypoidal changes within the neovascular process have been documented in a range of diseases including AMD, central serous chorioretinopathy, peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, and choroidal nevi (Figure 1). Applying the diagnosis of PCV to describe all of these diseases is erroneous because it implies a common pathogenic mechanism. We propose that the clinical definition for PCV should be revised using MMI criteria and outline our rationale below.


Purpose:The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and antibiotic resistance of salmonellosis in children. Methods:We reviewed medical records and investigated the clinical characteristics of culture-proven childhood salmonel- losis from January 2000 through December 2011 at the CHA Bundang Medical center. Results:We assessed 53 patients. The median age was 3-years-old (minimum 12 days, maximum 18-years-old) and the number of male patients was 33 (62.3%). It occurred most frequently in the summer (39%) and in 2001 (11 cases) however there was no case in 2009 and 2010. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 3 cases with septicemia. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin was most frequently presented (30.2%) and 63.6%in serogroup B. No antibiotics resistance strains were cultured in patients with positive Salmonella typhi. Admitted patients from 2000 to 2011 were divided into 2 groups; group 1 from 2000 to 2005 and group 2 from 2006 to 2011. 40 cases belonged to group 1 and 13 cases were in the group 2. Group 2 showed more resistance to ampicillin than group 1 but without any statistical significance(25% vs. 38.5%, P=0.349). In group 1, the most common serotype was group D and in group 2, the most common serotype were group C and D. Conclusion:Salmonellosis in children was frequently occurred from 2000 to 2003 but decreased after 2004. There was no difference in clinical manifestations, serotypes and antibiotic resistances between the years. (Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2013;20:1-8)


The invention relates to a technique for using a composite demulsification-membrane method to treat high-concentration emulsified liquid waste water and a device. The main technique comprises the following steps of: ion demulsification and air flotation, composite oxidation demulsification and ultrafiltration membrane; the technique comprises the following detailed steps of: adopting an ion demulsifier to break the stability of dispersed oil drop in the emulsified liquid, carrying out hydrolysis to form gel which generates effects of absorption, flocculation and bridging to the destabilized oil drops, forming large-scale particles, and enhancing the pollutants to the surface of the solution by pressure dissolved air flotation, thus removing the oils and suspended matters in water; using the composite oxidation demulsification to be capable of further decomposing the oil matters in the waste water, oxidizing the organic matters in the waste water and reducing COD value of the waste water; and adopting ultrafiltration membrane for filtering, concentrating the residual organic matters and oils in the waste water so as to be convenient to recover oils and leading the final discharged water to reach the discharge standard of the industry. The invention has the advantages of little investment for equipment, low treatment cost, good quality for discharged water, simple and reasonable technique process and convenient operation and management.


An assessment of the compound hazard – extreme wind and extreme precipitation, of tropical cyclones (TCs) is of importance due to the enormous potential impact of TCs to the economic development and societal welfare of coastal regions.  Recently, a new method to construct a large physically consistent TC event set (roughly 10,000 years of events) based on numerical weather prediction models has been developed (Ng & Leckebusch, 2021).  However, a systematic method for the detailed analysis of the compound nature of the TC hazard with respect to damage relevant impacts is not yet available.  In this presentation, we propose a new metric, TC compound meteorological hazard risk index (CMRI) to assess TC compound meteorological hazard risk in terms of potential economic loss for mainland China.  CMRI considers TC-related extreme wind and extreme precipitation which are identified based on an impact-oriented tracking algorithm.  CMRI is closely linked to the normalised economic loss in China between 1979-2014.  We also present preliminary results of the application of CMRI in estimating the return period of the TC-related potential economic loss in mainland China.


We present a detailed study of the correlations between the burst properties and the inferred mass accretion rate for the X-ray transient MXB 1659-298. The bursts that exhibited oscillations were observed when the source was at a relatively high mass accretion rate, similar to what has been seen for other sources. However, owing to the limited number of observations at lower mass accretion rates, no bursts were observed at such accretion rates, and it is still possible that when MXB 1659-298 accretes at such low-mass accretion rates, bursts can occur that might still exhibit burst oscillations. No clear correlations were found between the different burst properties and the accretion rate, in contrast to what has been found for KS 1731-260 and 4U 1728-34, but similar to what has been reported for Aql X-1. However, this lack of correlation for MXB 1659-298 and Aql X-1 might be due to the limited range of the mass accretion rate observed for those sources compared to KS 1731-260 and 4U 1728-34.


A new approach to produce integrated magnetic devices is presented here. The hot extrusion of a multicomponent billet can produce directly stators or rotors for electrical engines or actuators. The different steps of the manufacturing route and the metallurgical principles of the process are described. A review of the most important parameters is done. Remanence of the hot extruded magnet is between 7,5 and 8 kG with a coercitivity of 15 kOe. The magnetic performances allow the economical use of these components in many large scale production of small electrical engines or actuators


This paper focuses on the adaptive output feedback tracking control of uncertain nonlinear systems with both quantized input and output. The only available signal is the non-differentiable quantized output, which makes the adaptive quantized controller hard to achieve via output feedback. Our research shows that this difficulty can be circumvented by utilizing the well known dynamic surface control (DSC) technique and introducing extra continuous virtual control signals for stability analysis only. Furthermore, it is proved that all the closed-loop system signals are bounded, and the tracking error can converge to a small residual set by adjusting some design parameters appropriately. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


4′-Phenyl-4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine (3) reacts with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O in MeOH–CHCl3 to produce [Cd(3)2(ONO2)2·MeOH·CHCl3]n in high yield; two sets of undulating chains built up from trans-related ligands result in the formation of two-dimensional sheets, locked together by efficient π-stacking involving the phenyl substituents.


Abstract A prototype of a computerized video-camera system successfully counted and measured juvenile salmon in the field. Known numbers of smolts of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch swimming through transparent acrylic tunnels were videotaped, and the videotapes were subsequently interpreted with a microcomputer. Unaided, the computer underestimated the number of fish because fish sometimes overlapped while swimming through the tunnels and were thus recorded as a single fish. However, revised estimates were accurate when portions of the tapes were viewed by an operator and expansion factors for computer-generated counts determined. When a mouse pointing device was used to obtain measurements from videotapes of individual fish swimming through the tunnels, these measurements were accurate. The software did not reliably produce accurate fish-length measurements when unassisted, again because of fish crowding and overlap in the tunnels. When a computer operator viewed the tapes and rejected those fish measu...


To investigate the protective effects of astaxanthin on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in mice,forty-eight mice were divided into six groups(normal control group,CCl4 model group,bifendate group,low dose,medium dose and high dose of astaxanthin group).Mouse models of acute liver injury were induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4.After 24 hours,the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),albumin(ALB) and total protein(TP) in serum and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of super oxide dismutase(SOD) in liver were detected.Results showed that the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-induced liver injury mice were significantly decreased by astaxanthin treatment.And the activity of SOD was increased and the content of MDA was decreased in mice liver by astaxanthin.It was concluded that Astaxanthin has protective effects on the liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice.


2-Chloro-N-(4,6-dimethoxy-5-pyrimidinyl)-N-[1-(1-pyrazolyl)ethyl]aceta mide of the following formula: (I) a herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of the compound of formula (I); and a method of controlling weeds which comprises applying a herbicidally effective amount of the formula (I) to the locus where the weeds are growing or will grow.


WLB において優れた実績を残している日本企業2 社からのヒアリング調査に基づき、2社における運用実態の違い(短時間勤務者の評価をどうつけるか等)はWLB による組織成果を予測するものではないことが分かった。それより、2 社においてWLB 施策運用にかかわる5 つの意思決定が共通されていた。WLB と組織成果との関係に不可欠とされる公正性と効率性を共に獲得するために、企業はこれらの運用原理を自社のHRM 特性に照らし適応することが求められる。, Using interview-based data from two model companies in Japan, I searched the principle of the great WLB in practice. Even though each company showed no similarity between WLB practice and its operation in workplace, the same principles were in common between two companies. These principles seem to be correlated to the features of each HRM system, yet more detailed to WLB concerned issues. Contrast to the view of universal features of WLB operation in workplace, this paper raises the question about higher conceptual features, principle of WLB, which rule the variation of WLB operation in workplace among companies.


3D the flexible pouch (1) to fill a biopharmaceutical product results from the assembly of two wall elements (2, 3) and two bellows (11, 12). At least one connection port (4, 6) is further provided for filling and / or emptying. A substantially parallelepipedic configuration is achieved in a state filled with the unfolding of the combined bellows folding flaps (21, 22, 31, 32) of the two wall elements. A transverse weld (140, 150) formed at one end, connects the two wall elements (2, 3) of the pocket and extends continuously maintaining in a folded flat condition: - a edge portion elongate bellows (11); - an elongate edge portion of the other bellows (12). This transverse seal has a length corresponding to a predetermined dimension (L2) of the flexible pouch in the parallelepipedal configuration.


scanning electron microscope has been widely used to research the microstructure of clayey soil. From the gray-scale image (SEM), much useful information can be extracted for quantitative analysis of clayey soil microstructure. Traditional image processing software can not satisfy all the requirements for quantitative analysis. Some useful spatial analysis tools that originally designed for macro terrain analysis in ArcGIS were introduced in this paper to extract particles, boundaries of particles .A clayey soil SEM from Ningming city, Guangxi province in China was used as example to illustrate mentioned operation and proved to be convenient and effective.


Research carried out in our laboratory is devoted to new materials of electrodes for lithium ion batteries. This presentation focuses on anodic materials, especially on two examples, silicon and ruthenium nitride. In both cases, electrochemical properties and structural evolutions are correlated in order to optimize performances in terms of specific capacity, cyclability and rate capability.


For a variety of solar cells, it is shown that the single exponential J-V model parameters, namely - ideality factor eta, parasitic series resistance R s, parasitic shunt resistance R sh, dark current J 0, and photogenerated current J ph can be extracted simultaneously from just four simple measurements of the bias points corresponding to V oc, ~ 0.6V oc, J sc, and ~ 0.6J sc on the illuminated J-V curve, using closed-form expressions. The extraction method avoids the measurements of the peak power point and any dJ/dV (i.e., slope). The method is based on the power law J-V model proposed recently by us.


ABSTRACT An aluminum dust explosion is a major safety hazard that cannot be ignored. It is of great practical significance to investigate explosion flame propagation characteristics and powder inhibition mechanisms of aluminum dust. Based on a self-designed dust explosion experimental system, explosion flame propagation characteristics such as flame shape, temperature and velocity were captured. The effect of aluminum particle size on the flame propagation was explored, and inhibition performances and mechanisms of NaHCO3, CaCO3 and Na2HPO4 on aluminum dust explosion were experimentally and theoretically revealed. The proportion of white bright areas decreased from 17.9% to 7.9%, 8.0% and 8.8% respectively, and the temperature and velocity decreased obviously with powder inhibitors. Especially, NaHCO3 can reduce the maximum flame temperature and maximum flame velocity to 1411°C and 14.27 m/s respectively, and its inhibition performance was optimal. CaCO3 had better performance than Na2HPO4 in suppressing the flame propagation velocity and in delaying the ignition time, and Na2HPO4 was more advantageous in suppressing the explosion flame temperature. It is explained by the mechanism that substances containing Na and P can play an important role in the suppression of gas-phase reactions. The Na cycle (NaO Na) is effective in scavenging free radicals.


The influence of the bacteriophage 9x174 (4X) C protein on the replication of bacteriophage 4x174 DNA has been examined. This small viral protein, which is required for the packaging of +X DNA into proheads, inhibits leading strand DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect of the +X C protein requires a DNA template bearing an intact 30-base pair (bp) 4X origin of DNA replication that is the target site recognized by the $X A protein. Removal of nucleotides from the 3' end of this 30-bp conserved origin sequence prevents the inhibitory effects of the +X C protein. Leading strand replication of supercoiled DNA substrates con- taining the wild-type +X replication origin results in the production of single-stranded circular DNA as well as the formation of small amounts of multimeric and u structures. These aberrant products are formed when the termination and reinitiation steps of the replication pathway reactions are skipped as the replication fork moves through the origin sequence. Replication carried out in the presence of the +X C protein leads to a marked decrease in these aberrant structures. While the exact mechanism of action of the +X C protein is not clear, the results presented here suggest that the +X C protein slows the movement of the replication fork through the 30-bp


This bill authorizes a county or municipal corporation to enact a loca l law that requires notice to be given to the county, municipality, or an official thereof when an order to docket or a complaint to foreclose a mortgage or deed of trust is f iled on residential property located in the county or municipal corporation. The enacted loc al law must require the person authorized to make the sale of the residential p roperty to notify the county or municipal corporation within five days after filing an or der to docket or a complaint to foreclose the mortgage or deed of trust. Notice to t he local government must include the name, address, and contact information of the person authorized t o make the sale; the street address of the residential property subje ct to the foreclosure action; and the names and addresses, if known, of all owners of the residential property.


It delt with the probabilistic characteristics of strength indexes of silty clay in Taiyuan, and studied more thoroughly the correlation between the strength indexes of different tests. The variability coefficients of strength indexes for Taiyuan silty clay were compiled statistic on, then some chang laws were drawn out. And also the paper built the distribution for strength indexes of Taiyuan silty clay, studied the correlation between physical and strength indexes, and got some empirical equations. There is higher variability for strength indexes of silty clay in Taiyuan. The Bata mathematical distribution model is fitter for strength than the normal distribution model. There is remarkable defferentce between strength indexes by deffrent test methods, which need urgently be handled probabilisticly for geotechnical engineering, but there is high correlation between them.


Plato's Apology is not merely an account of Socrates's trial, it is also a work of metaphilosophy, presenting Socrates's understanding of the nature and function of philosophy. This is a vital part of the text's apologetic task, for it is only with reference to Socrates's understanding of what philosophy is that we can understand, and so justify, his seemingly antisocial behavior. Plato presents to us Socrates's metaphilosophy in two ways: via what Socrates says and what he does. This twofold method of presentation is appropriate, if not essential, given the conception of philosophy that Socrates is presented as holding.