The crown vegetation of a deciduous forest is known to be semitransparent at low microwave frequencies, and leaf litter covering the forest soil has been recognized to have a significant impact on ground emission. The proposed approach for modeling the L-band radiative transfer through leaf litter consists of an isotropic effective medium approach for the litter permittivities, a coherent radiative transfer model for computing the coherent reflectivities from dielectric depth profiles, and an averaging procedure for computing the reflectivities determining the field-scale brightness temperatures. Evaluations were performed for the case of leaf litter on top of a conducting wire grid (litter-grid formation) and for litter on underlying soil (litter-soil formation). A model sensitivity analysis was performed with respect to parameters characterizing litter thickness variations and boundary roughness. For the litter-soil formation, the model was rather sensitive to local irregularities at the air-to-litter boundary. Modeled microwave signatures reproduced the major features of the measurements performed on a site comprising a litter-grid formation. Under dry conditions, the investigated litter layer was nearly ldquoinvisible.rdquo When the same litter layer was wetted, it acted as an important radiation source to be taken into account for the quantitative remote soil moisture detection of forested areas. Under certain conditions, the simulations revealed an increasing brightness when the litter is wetted prior to the underlying soil. Further wetting of the litter-soil system then resulted in a decreasing brightness as expected for increased moisture. Such effects are important to know to avoid misleading interpretations of L-band signatures.


The main diseases,insects and weeds in fields of rice-duck-Soybean plant breeding model and chemical control farming were investigated through field general investigation,and the Xiangwanxian13 was taken as cultivar.The results showed that the rice-duck-soybean plant breeding model can obviously reduce the amount of brown planthoppers and Sogatella furcifera,enhance the control effect of natural enemies against brown planthoppers and Sogatella furcifera,and the control effect in rice-duck-soybean plant breeding model filed was more obvious than that in chemical control farming field;the rice-duck-soybean plant breeding model also can reduce the occurrence of Chilo supperssalis Walker,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee,Rhizoctonia solani and weeds,but its control effect was lower than that of chemical control farming.


Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in both the developing and developed world. The variety of pathogens that could infect the brain is only paralleled by the complexity of the various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of such infections. Bacterial pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, fungal pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans, parasitic pathogens such as Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma crusii and viral pathogens such as HIV and HTLV1 are only examples of the types of pathogens that could infect the CNS. Regardless of the type of infection, organisms trying to enter the CNS have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a formidable "wall" that protects the brain and the spinal cord. This barrier is composed of the neurovascular unit that includes vascular endothelial cells, partially surrounded by pericytes, astrocytes and some neurons. Multiple depictions of the BBB are included in this issue of Virulence in the reviews by Liu et al., Masocha et al., Miller et al. and Feustel et al. It is reasonable to think of the BBB as an impenetrable "Hadrian's Wall," the famous structure that constituted the most heavily fortified border of the Roman Empire. In principle, the BBB should help protect the CNS from circulating pathogens and from the free movement of soluble proteins and circulating immune cells thereby preserving the CNS function. In this timely issue of Virulence the reader will see that this concept of impenetrable BBB is merely wishful thinking. Indeed, pathogens have devised several mechanisms by which they can traverse the BBB and infect the brain. An overview of these mechanisms makes a student of history think mostly of ancient tactics of war. Indeed, Rénia and colleagues on page 193 of this issue discuss how malaria parasites enter the brain by multiple mechanisms including damaging the BBB by loosening the tight junctions between endothelial cells or focal rupturing the BBB causing brain hemorrhage. This is reminiscent of the ancient war technique of "ramming" the wall that protects the brain. Another example of forceful entry into the brain is one mechanism by which the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans can cross the BBB. In their review on page 173, Liu et al. discuss a recent paper by Shi and colleagues where the authors used intravital microscopy to show that cryptococcal cells become mechanically trapped in small brain capillaries and then force their way and transmigrate across the endothelium to the brain parenchyma. Liu et al. discuss also how C. neoformans uses another ancient war tactic to cross the BBB. Just as Odysseus and his ancient Greek co-warriors used a wooden horse to get through Troy's Dardanian gates and destroy the city, C. neoformans infects monocytes and then uses these cells to carry it through the BBB and infect the brain. The pathogen cells are then released from the monocytes after penetration. Another organism that uses the Trojan horse tactic to cross the BBB is Toxoplasma gondii. As discussed in their papers, Masocha and Kristensson and Feustel et al. review how Toxoplasma can infect monocytes and dendritic cells and uses these cells to cross the BBB. Pathogens can also use treachery, another tactic of ancient and modern war, to enter the brain. As discussed in the review by Miller and colleagues, HIV can infect the host's own endothelial cells, the first line of defense against CNS invasion and either induce their apoptosis or alter the integrity of the BBB. Of course HIV can also use other mechanisms such as altering the BBB by inducing cytokines or via the direct effects of the viral proteins Tat or gp120. Another mode of treachery is used by Listeria monocytogenes to enter the brain. Listeria can use the host's peripheral nervous system itself in a retrograde infection model to enter the CNS. Not surprisingly, Listeria can also use the Trojan horse model or can enter the brain directly by infecting endothelial cells. While we have learned a lot in the past decade about how pathogenic organisms invade the CNS, much remains to be learned. Developing in vitro models of CNS infections will be crucial for advancing the field. In this context, Siddiqui and colleagues present a novel model of the BBB that would be useful for studying parasitic and other infections of the CNS. Such a model would also be useful for testing new drugs that could perhaps delay or slow penetration of the BBB by pathogenic organisms. Future areas of investigation that would help propel the field include development of new animal models for CNS infections. While non-mouse rodent models are


Bruynzeel Storage Systems is a Dutch manufacturer of space saving solutions. Bruynzeel develops, manufactures, sells and maintains storage solutions for offices, archives, museums, libraries and warehouses. As a producer, consultant and installer, Bruynzeel Storage Systems is a market leader in the development of these systems. So what is mobile storage? Simply put, by mounting shelving or cabinets onto a carriage and rail system, mobile storage eliminates fixed aisles to compact your storage space. It's a simple concept that enables you to significantly increase your storage capacity or store the same amount of items in half the footprint. Bruynzeel Orb series The challenge was to redesign the interaction experience and user interface of Bruynzeel's electric mobile storage system with a strong focus on usability and user experience. The Orb series was created with one single purpose, to give people the most intuitive experience. Using the product on the cabinets to control the movement should be simple, gently move the lever to the desired side. The cabinets will calmly move train-like to the right and an aisle forms in front of you. The inner touchscreen provides information about system errors or secured access control, like unlocking the cabinets by using a RFID-tag. Archive managers have access to expert settings, like security settings or ventilation modes, by the use of a iPad application. To improve the convenience of maintaining the settings this can be done wirelessly from the user's desk and for every system individually or all together. The user research shows a clear and significant improvement in usability & intuitiveness of the user interface and attractiveness of the design. This is achieved by simplifying the control panel for everyday users and equip archive managers with the advanced management iPad application. A satisfying and reassuring result to further develop this design proposal and to be implemented in the near future.


To observe the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in experimental murine orchitis. Methods: Giemsa stain, TUNEL stain and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect the apoptotic cells. Results: After Giemsa stain it is found that the nucleus of some spermatogenic cells and giant nuclear cells densy and irregular. By flow cytometry it is found that sub-monoploid cells are seldom seen in the normal testis but increase in the testis of model mice. The TUNEL positive cells are also increased in the testis of model mice, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes and giant nuclear cells. Conclusion: Few apoptotic spermatogenic cells can be seen in normal testis and they are increased in the orchitis. The giant nuclear cell is also apoptotic cell.


ABSTRACT Reports of English Christian socialism's death at the end of the Second World War were greatly exaggerated. Like their Catholic counterparts in much of western Europe, Anglican Christian socialists contributed to debates about post-war reconstruction, issuing warnings against an impersonal or bureaucratic state and experimenting with small-scale community initiatives such as industrial missions, parish meetings and housing associations. From the 1950s, the worldview inherited from Victorian Christian socialism began to be challenged by affluence, anti-colonialism, the decline of deference and eventually by the rise of identity politics. Criticism also came from radical Christian socialists like David Nicholls who found the incarnationalist tradition of Henry Scott Holland too comfortable and paternalistic. Nevertheless, Anglican ideas of national community retained some of their attraction into the late 20th century, particularly offering an alternative vision of society to Thatcherism in the 1980s. This article is based on a lecture given to the 2020 Scott Holland symposium.


An 89 year old female with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and ischemic heart disease admitted to orthopedic department following intra-capsular neck of femur fracture. While awaiting Austin Moore Hemiarthroplasty (AMH), she developed lower abdominal pain, fever, features of acute cystitis, hematuria and pneumaturia. Her urine culture was positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and blood culture for gram negative bacilli. Further evaluation with abdominal X-ray (Figure 1) and Computed Tomography (CT) (Figure 2) showed evidence of Emphysematous Cystitis (EC). Her urosepsis was treated with Intravenous (IV) Meropenem 500 mg eight hourly for 14 days. She recovered from sepsis and subsequently underwent AMH.


The appropriateness is examined of including parking management strategies in the transportation system management (short-range) component of the transportation plan for an urban region. The probable effects of parking management schemes are described and evaluated with respect to short-range objectives to determine the compatibility between the two. A definition that applies to the total set of parking management options is given and tested against the results of a survey of 173 cities in the United States and a review of the literature. Parking-control strategies can be divided on various bases: (a) whether they are supply-or cost-related controls, (b) whether they are intended to reduce automobile travel in selected areas or to make the highway more efficient, or (c) whether they can be implemented within the short-range element or the long-range component of the transportation plan. Considerable public, political, and business opposition to restrictions on parking in urban areas was found. Public support for parking controls that alter travel behaviour must be developed gradually in association with areawide planning objectives. The majority of the parking measures were found to be long-range planning elements rather than transportation system management components. /Authors/


Through the researches on non-symmetry model GARCH and model BEKK, the authors investigate cross investment combination strategy in comprehensive market, find out through inspection that the combination on the base of model BEKK is superior to that of model GARCH, find out the dependence of weight of the investment combination of GMV on fluctuating model and convariance matrix, and point out that the importance of variance in investment combination is far better than convariance.


Preface Introduction PART I. RADICAL EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY 1. Why Equality? 2. Equality of Outcome 3. Inequality of Risks PART II - HIRING 4. Luck Egalitarian Justice in Hiring 5. Discrimination without Inequality? PART III - UPBRINGING 6. Against Equality of Opportunity in Education? 7. If you're a Luck-Egalitarian, How Come You Read Bedtime Stories to Your Children? PART IV - HEALTH 8. Equality of Opportunity for Health 9. Affirmative Action in Health References Index


The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York State has unanimously affirmed the action of a supreme court jury which in November, 1926, awarded $2,000 to a minor and $1,000 to his father on the claim that the patient contracted typhoid fever from the drinking water of the city of Albany, in April, 1924. The water supply of the City of Albany is secured from the Hudson River at a point about 8,000 feet north of the main portion of the city. An elaborate water purification plant is utilized to treat the heavily polluted Hudson River Water. This plant consists of aerators, coagulation basins, rapid sand filters, secondary aerators, slow sand filters and chlorination equipment. The chlorinated water from the clear well flows to a high pressure pumping station about 8,000 feet south of the filtration plant through a conduit. The filtration plant is under expert supervision and water of a safe sanitary quality has been discharged into the clear well. The conduit conducting the effljuent from this clear well to the high pressure pumping station, however, consists of about 8,000 feet of steel piping 48 inches in diameter, most of which is covered with concrete. The steel conduit had been in use for over twenty years and the walls had become seriously corroded at points. This conduit is laid for the most part under the bed of the abandoned Erie Canal, which normally contains about 1 foot of water due to local drainage. In April, 1924, a flood of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers occurred and the abandoned Erie Cana1 was flooded to a depth of from 6 to 8 feet with polluted Mohawk River water. During April, 1924, there was a sudden increase in the prevalence of typhoid fever in the city of Albany, and during this period the tap water in the city contained increasing numbers of colon bacilli, as determined by bacteriological examination in the State Laboratory.


These lunchbox-sized lab-quality oscilloscopes defy the usual logic on portable instruments by providing generous memory with blazingly fast acquisition speeds.


The acidity and keto–enol tautomerism of a series of symmetrical β-diketones (RCOCH2COR (1): R = methyl (a), phenyl (b), 3-pyridinyl (c), 4-pyridinyl (d), 3-(N-methyl)pyridinio (e), and 4-(N-methyl)pyridinio (f)) and two series of unsymmetrical β-diketones (RCOCH2COCH3 (7a–7f) and RCOCH2COC6H5 (8a–8f)) have been investigated in aqueous solution at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.1. Values of were measured spectrophotometrically, and the acidities of the enols were obtained from the analysis of the pH dependence of the buffer catalysis for the general acid-catalyzed protonation of the enolateconjugate bases. These data in turn allowed the calculation of the acidities of the keto tautomers and the equilibrium constants for enolization (KE = [Enol]/[Keto]). In general, KE is greater for the symmetrical ketones(1) than for the corresponding R-substituted unsymmetrical ketones (7 and 8). KE is much more sensitive to the nature of the R substituent in these three series of β-diketones than in the corresponding serie...


Despite being more efficient, line commutated converter-HVDC links for the connection of large offshore wind farms have ac-filter bank size as one of their main drawbacks. This paper shows how the HVDC rectifier filter banks can be substantially reduced by taking advantage of the additional control possibilities offered by the use of wind turbines with fully rated converters. PSCAD simulations validate wind farm and diode rectifier HVDC link operation with a capacitor and filter bank five times smaller than its usual value. The proposed control algorithm allows for good harmonic and reactive power sharing between the different wind turbines. As the reduced capacitor bank operation leads to a redistribution of harmonic and reactive currents, an efficiency study has been carried out to evaluate the new power loss distribution with the reduced filter banks.


histological examination would mean that few subjects had a normal mucosa. The clinical value of pathological findings depends on their ability to classify subjects with common features-for example, having symptoms-or to give information on prognosis. The endoscopic findings in our study, with the possible exceptions of peptic ulcer disease and endoscopic duodenitis, showed no association with dyspeptic symptoms that was of clinical value. This corresponds well with the results of therapeutic trials that show a beneficial effect both on symptoms and peptic ulcer disease and endoscopic duodenitis29 'I whereas convincing evidence of a therapeutic effect on other mucosal inflammations is lacking. In the population the degree of mucosal inflammation apparently represents various degrees in an inflammatory process rather than separate diagnostic entities. Traditionally, clinicians have used as a cut off point between no disease and disease the presence ofan ulcer in the mucosa. The ulceration process must, however, have an initial stage at which the ulcer is invisible through the endoscope.25 The location, distribution, and severity of the inflammation might contribute when considering alternative cut off points. In the paired analysis we found no association between symptoms and isolated inflammation in the corpus, antrum, proximal, or distal duodenum. Location and distribution of the inflammation therefore had poor discriminatory power in this study. Although Toukan et al have shown that a high neutrophilic cell count could discriminate between symptom causing gastritis and inflammation not causing dyspepsia,5 we think that the only rational basis for therapeutic considerations is the symptoms, and not endoscopically or histologically diagnosed inflammation of a mild to moderate degree. The surprisingly high frequency of positive diagnoses in our study cannot be explained by use of odd provincial diagnostic criteria: both endoscopy and histological examination were performed according to internationally accepted and diagnostic standards of widespread use. When, despite this, the proportion of normal findings on standard endoscopy amounts to a modest 10% it reflects the use of a normative concept of normality, where the norm is the non-prevalent, noninflamed gastrointestinal mucosa. Our findings challenge both endoscopists and pathologists to search for new distinctions between disease and non-disease.


Objective To strengthen the prospective surveillance of hospital infection and reduce the workload of infection commissioners.Methods Combined with the implementation process of the realtime monitoring software which was introduced in hospital infection,solutions were proposed to solve the summarized problems.Results The system could connect with HIS,LIS,PACS successfully and the information of the hospital infection could be accurately collected,added up,analyzed,and inquired.Conclusion The system can improve the work efficiently and achieve the multi-channel information feedback,thus,the quality of the hospital infection management is promoted.


The most cases of abnormal hatch larvae (40.2%) of A. reflexus were in relative humidity 90% and temperature 25 degrees C; the least (0-2.8%)--at the low relative humidity levels (10 and 30%) in all examined temperatures of experiments. The rise of relative humidity caused the greater number of the disturbances of hatch larvae. The most often +non-separation of integument eggs from body of larvae was observed, what made impossible normal formation of legs and made difficult locomotive faculty.


To reduce the risk of EUV lithography adaptation for the 32nm technology node in 2009, Intel has operated a EUV mask Pilot Line since early 2004. The Pilot Line integrates all the necessary process modules including common tool sets shared with current photomask production as well as EUV specific tools. This integrated endeavor ensures a comprehensive understanding of any issues, and development of solutions for the eventual fabrication of defect-free EUV masks. Two enabling modules for "defect-free" masks are pattern inspection and repair, which have been integrated into the Pilot Line. This is the first time we are able to look at real defects originated from multilayer blanks and patterning process on finished masks over entire mask area. In this paper, we describe our efforts in the qualification of DUV pattern inspection and electron beam mask repair tools for Pilot Line operation, including inspection tool sensitivity, defect classification and characterization, and defect repair. We will discuss the origins of each of the five classes of defects as seen by DUV pattern inspection tool on finished masks, and present solutions of eliminating and mitigating them.


URAGMENTARY building inscription of Thasian marble, complete at top and 11 bottom (both upper and lower moldings being preserved) but broken at each side. Accession number 48.286. Height, 0.372 m.; preserved width, about 0.61 m.; thickness, 0.055 m. to 0.07 m., increasing from top to bottom. Height of letters, 0.035 m. to 0.04 m. Edited from a squeeze and a field drawing.' The circumstances of the discovery of the inscription are recorded in the expedition Diary of July 18, 1948: " The members of the expedition went to the village of Halonia, half an hour SSW of Chora where Constantinos Kales had informed us that he had found on his property the ruins of a building including marble blocks and an inscription. . . . The few fragments of the building in a vineyard revealed that it was a concrete structure. A marble pillar with two half-columns of the type used in Byzantine windows had been found and was measured and photographed. The inscription, of Byzantine character, was brought to the Museum."


In this article, we present a unified framework for the analysis and characterization of a complex system and demonstrate its application in two diverse fields: neuroscience and astrophysics. The framework brings together techniques from graph theory, applied mathematics, and dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis (PCA), separating linear PCA and its extensions. The implementation of the framework maps an abstract multidimensional set of data into reduced representations, which enable the extraction of its most important properties (features) characterizing its complexity. These reduced representations can be sign-posted by known examples to provide meaningful descriptions of the results that can spur explanations of phenomena and support or negate proposed mechanisms in each application. In this work, we focus on the clustering aspects, highlighting relatively fixed stable properties of the system under study. We include examples where clustering leads to semantic maps and representations of dynamic processes within the same display. Although the framework is composed of existing theories and methods, its usefulness is exactly that it brings together seemingly different approaches, into a common framework, revealing their differences/commonalities, advantages/disadvantages, and suitability for a given application. The framework provides a number of different computational paths and techniques to choose from, based on the dimension reduction method to apply, the clustering approaches to be used, as well as the representations (embeddings) of the data in the reduced space. Although here it is applied to just two scientific domains, neuroscience and astrophysics, it can potentially be applied in several other branches of sciences, since it is not based on any specific domain knowledge.


This research note reports on an attempt to gain a greater understanding of voter misreporting. Is there a race‐of‐institution effect present in mail surveys that contributes to misreporting similar to the race‐of‐interviewer effect present in other survey techniques? To examine this research question a survey was developed. The research consisted of selecting two institutions (universities) within a southern U.S. city, one recognized as a "traditionally Black" institution and one as "traditionally White." Equal systematic random samples of Black and White registered voters were selected from similar socioeconomic areas. The research provides evidence that voter misreporting may be because of response bias. Indeed, for both Black and White respondents, a race‐of‐institution effect exists. Differences in electoral contexts produce variations in the race‐of‐institution effect and, therefore, variations in misreporting.


Kinds of advertisements and taxes paid for carrying out the advertising activity as well as its reflection in accounting and tax accounting have been considered. Розглянуто види реклами, податки, що сплачують за рекламну діяльність та відображення її в бухгалтерському та податковому обліку.


Objective To evaluate the potential role of nimesulide on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.Methods The human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT-116 were employed in the study.After treatment with nimesulide,the inhibitory effect of nimesulide on the proliferation of cancer cells was quantified by MTT assay,and the cell cycle distribution of tumor cells was detected by flow cytometry.Results(1)Nimesulide inhibited the proliferation of the tumor cells in time and dose-dependent manners.The inhibitory effect on HT-29 cells was stronger than that on HCT-116 cells.(2)Nimesulide changed cell cycle distribution of both cells;the proliferation index of cells was obviously decreased also.Conclusion Nimesulide may inhibit the division and proliferation of cancer cells through the inhibition of COX-2 activity,resulting in the apoptosis of tumor cells and interfering in metastasis and relapse of colon cancer.


The condition of the roads is a factor that may not only affect the wear of a vehicle, car or truck, but as well may reduce fuel consumption, increase comfort, lower noise and maybe most importantl ...


Abstract Further work is very desirable on the effect of different accelerators, antioxidants, and fluxes. It is possible that their study will throw more light on the mechanism of the swelling phenomena, and also help to explain the anomalous behavior of some of the fillers tested. It would also seem to be worth while to study the action of a few selected stocks in water, at several temperatures between room temperature and 100° C., to determine if the water absorption and swelling merely increase with rising temperatures, or whether there might be an actual change in behavior at different temperatures.


A simple technique is described for determining the polarization of He(2 3S) atoms contained in an active discharge or afterglow. The polarization (and alignment) is obtained by measuring the attenuation of a circularly polarized probe beam provided by a 1.083 μm laser diode whose output frequency is scanned to allow separate measurements on the 2 3S1→2 3P0, 2 3S1→2 3P1, and 2 3S1→2 3P2 transitions.


Brian Rotman argues that (one) 'mind' and (one) 'god' are only conceivable, literally, because of (alphabetic) literacy, which allowed us to designate each of these ghosts as an incorporeal, speaker-independent 'I' (or, in the case of infinity, a notional agent that goes on counting forever). I argue that to have a mind is to have the capacity to feel. No one can be sure which organisms feel, hence have minds, but it seems likely that one-celled organisms and plants do not, whereas animals do. So minds originated before humans and before language --hence, a fortiori, before writing, whether alphabetic or ideographic.


The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile parts, and in particular relates to an automobile specially-shaped bearing outer ring forge piece, for solving the technical problems in the prior art that the structural strength is low, accurate positioning cannot be realized in post-processing of the forge piece and the like. The automobile specially-shaped bearing outer ring forge piece comprises a forge piece body which is cylinder-shaped, wherein a specially-shaped locating plate which protrudes outwards along the radial direction of the forge piece body and is trapezoidal is connected to the outer wall of the forge piece body, four sides of the specially-shaped locating plate are respectively provided with a concave part, a first convex part, a second convex part and a third convex part, the concave part and the first convex part are oppositely arranged, the second convex part and the third convex part are oppositely arranged and are the same in shape and size, the forge piece body is divided into a first barrel and a second barrel through the specially-shaped locating plate, the largest outer diameter of the first barrel is smaller than the largest outer diameter of the barrel. According to the invention, by designing the specially-shaped locating plate, the whole forge piece can be rapidly, accurately and firmly positioned, and the whole forge piece is reasonable in design, simple in manufacturing process and high in structural strength.


From the view of ecology,it analyzes the non-ecological factors existed in ecological construction,brings forward rebuilding measures of renaturalization.Relatated with organic side city mountains,it establishes a good ecological corridor framework,so as to recover the natural ecology of city,and can be reference for Taiyuan's becoming national garden city.


Crime of Money Transferring and Crime of Swag have different Characteristics in several respects such as criminal object, criminal target and forms of act and so on. The Chinese Criminal Law Article 191(Crime of Money Transferring ) and Article 349(harboring, transferring , concealing drug and crime of drug swag)have no any overlap of articles of law. Article 349 and Article 312(ordinary crime of swag) do have overlap of articles of law and could be applicable according to the principle of special law prior to general law.


Future deep sea mining of cobalt-rich manganese crusts by remotely operated vehicles will involve fragmentation of extensive pavement-like deposits overlaying substrates of various hardness and conformations. Though fragmentation is a key technology in these operations, little is known about its mechanical aspects. A series of cutting tests were performed on real and artificial crusts, first to evaluate several cutting methods including rippers, a disc, drum picks and a breaker. Further tests were carried out to collect quantitative data on drum pick cutting with the object of establishing design procedures.


AIM OF THE STUDY:
Comparison of the role of pre and post operative hematological derangements with respect to the post operative clinical outcome in various subsets of operated acute post traumatic head injury cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a prospective analytical study of 236 consecutive cases conducted from AUGUST 2016 at Institute of Neurosurgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai. All patients will undergo a detailed neurological and preoperative haematological examination before the patients undergo emergency surgery.
Post op bleed profile was done on post op day 3 and 7.
Type of Study: Prospective Analytical Study.
Place of study:
Institute of Neurosurgery and Rajiv Gandhi Government General hospital, Chennai.
No of Patients: 236.
Inclusion Criteria:
All patients who are willing to take part in the study and sign the consent form. Attender's consent taken if patient not in gcs15/15 (Both Male and Female).
1. All operated TRAUMA cases in emergency OT
2. Divided into 3 subsets of:
a) calvarial fracture +/- EDH predominant cases (extra dural plane),
b) Acute SDH predominant cases (between dura and pia)
c) Acute post traumatic contusion and intra cerebral hemorrhage (sub pial intra axial parenchymal plane)
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients with pre existing coagulation disturbances OR Patients who were taking anticoagulants within 72h of surgery timing.
2. Emergency operated Patients not related to trauma (eg Hydrocephalus, Chronic SDH, Infarct or CVA with mass effect, any revision surgery for bone flap removal).
3. Trauma patients with co existing quadriplegia on presentation.
4. Patients in whom preop bleed profile could not be evaluated.
5. Patients not willing to take part in the study or patients not willing for surgery.
METHODOLOGY:
GCS motor score (GCSM) is equivalent to GCS for prehospital triage, and in view of its simplicity it should replace the GCS in triage schemes.3 Hence, this study utilises only pre operative motor score of GCS. Further , use of only motor score simplified the study design and the statisticians had to deal only with one dimension of GCS (motor-6 subdivision only) Patient was considered to deteriorate if motor score deteriorated by atleast one motor score at end of 7 days, after which there was minimal chance of bleed progression and minimal chance of blood transfusions Any derangement of blood parameters like platelet dysfunction, deranged prothrombin time, deranged aPTT, deranged hematology tests was considered haematological derangement for purpose of the study. (Further, subclassifying each and every individual derangements and the documenting the extent of derangements was not the purpose of the study considering the data base size.)
Statistical analysis was done on outcomes of various subsets of TBI.
This study hopes to find out the correlation between hematological derangement and postoperative outcome in the various subsets of traumatic brain injury.
Analysis:
Statistical analysis was done with IBM spss 24 software and some graphical data was done using Microsoft excel software. Chi square tests were applied to test the statistical significance and risk estimate was done to determine the strength of association between the compared groups.
Outcome Analysis:
• Pre op Hematology Status Vs Post Op Clinical Outcome Status.
• Post Surgery Hematology Status Vs Post Op Clinical Outcome Status.
• Pre Op Gcs Motor Score Status Vs Post Op Clinical Outcome Status.
Hematological Correlation with post operative outcome analysis
• Pre Op Hematology Status Vs Post Surgery Hematology Status
• Pre Op Motor Status Vs Post Op Clinical Outcome Status subdivided by Pre Op Hematology Status.
• Pre Op Motor Status Vs Post Op Clinical Outcome Status subdivided by Post Op Hematology Status.
• Pre Op Hematology Status Vs Post Surgery Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Clinical Outcome Status.
• Pre Op Hematology Status Vs Post Surgery Hematology Status subdivided by Preop Motor Status.
Bleed plane subset vs outcome analysis:
• Edh Presence Vs Pre Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
• Edh Presence Vs Post Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
• Sdh Presence Vs Pre Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
• Sdh Presence Vs Post Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
• Contusion Presence Vs Pre Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
• Contusion Presence Vs Pre Op Hematology Status subdivided by Post Op Outcome Status.
OBSERVATIONS:
There was a 2 times (2.092x) higher relative risk of having a worser clinical postoperative outcome in pre operative haematological deranged patients overall. The above results are statistically significant (p < 0.05).
There was a 2.4 times (2.405x) higher relative risk of having a worser clinical postoperative outcome in post operative haematological deranged patients overall. The above results are also statistically significant (p < 0.05).
The relative percentage between the post operatively improved and deteriorated cases in each motor scale subgroup were analysed. Percentage analysis showed a higher improvement percentage in post operative outcome as the GCS motor score increased from 2 to 6.
The various bleed plane subsets were analysed with respect to role of pre operative haematological derangement, post operative haematological derangement and post operative outcome. Significant results are mentioned in the conclusion.
CONCLUSION:
Within the 'EDH', 'SDH' as well as 'Contusion' subgroups, it has been found that the improved postoperative outcome is associated with normal pre operative hematological status with a statistical significance of p value less than 0.05. However, the presence of worser post operative clinical outcome has not been found to be within the statistically significant (p value not < 0.05 limits) when corelated with presence of hematological derangements in both EDH as well as SDH subgroups.
Post surgical hematological derangements were also not correlating with outcome in SDH subgroup with present data in a statistically significant manner (p value < 0.05 limits). In the subgroup of contusions, it has been found that the improved postoperative outcome is associated with the absence of hematological derangement (pre op as well as post op). But, one new thing to note in this contusion subgroup is that the postoperative worse outcome is also associated with pre surgical hematological derangement in a statistically significant way (unlike EDH & SDH subgroups).
There was a 40 times higher odds of having persistent post surgical derangement in patients operated with pre surgical haematological derangement despite standard treatment.
In general, if the pre surgical motor score was higher, the hematological derangements were lower and the post operative outcome was better.


This research work is aimed at modeling production processes in bread industries using linear programming model as optimization model in a given bread industry (Stephens Bread) for effective and efficient production. The L.P model was deduced to be the best optimization model to be used in any bread industry since the model analytically gives a simultaneous result of profit maximization and cost minimization. Specifically, a designed simulator in a MATLAB and Graphical Users Integrated Development Environment (GUIDE) windows (BREADPROD) that are capable of detecting the exact quantity of bread to be produced and the optimization level to maintain in any bread industry was developed. The simulator was subjected to various initial input conditions in bread production processes which include mixing, matching, moulding and baking processes with three (3) different sizes of bread loaves: the giant, the long and small loaves with reference to non-basic variables - x1, x2, x3 respectively. BREADPROD, the designed simulator, equally shows how realistic or unrealistic bread production could be. The application of L.P model which agreed with the designed BREADPROD simulator gave different profits for the two bread industries in this study while the optimum recommended production gave a higher profit of over one hundred percent when compared with that of Stephens Bread industries. The result of the proposed production mix used gave a production mix of 202 giant loaves, 102 long loaves and 92 small loaves representing 51%, 26% and 23% of the total production respectively as against the production mix for Stephens Bread, which gave 115 giant loaves, 40 long loaves and 110 small loaves. The giant loaf, long loaf and small loaf are 43%, 42% and 15% of the total production respectively.


A 9‐year‐old boy developed significant hemoptysis and pulmonary parenchymal injury following blunt trauma. There was delayed development of hemoptysis following chest injury, and the trauma did not produce any evidence of external body injury. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:395–397. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Manganese(III) aryls of stoichiometry Mn(Mes)X 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 (Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) can be prepared by the reaction of MnX 2 (X=Cl, Br, I) with 1/2 equiv of Mg(Mes) 2 (thf) 2 in the presence of PMe 3 followed by oxidation with O 2 . X-ray structure of Mn(Mes)Br 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 . Addition of a further 1/2 equiv of Mg(Mes) 2 (thf) 2 to the monomesityl intermediates gives the manganese (II) diaryl species Mn(Mes) 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 , which has been isolated as a crystalline material. Attempts to prepare Mn III aryls directly from Mn(acac) 3 lead instead to Mn II products such as the o-tolyl complex [Li(tmed) 2 ] 2 [Mn(o-C 6 H 4 Me) 4 ]


Objective Analysis of children with allergic diseases serum total IgE levels and the main types of allergens.Methods Germany,Europe and Mongolia blot using 126 patients with allergic diseases of children in specific serum IgE type,using the U.S.Beckman chemiluminescence DXI800 serum levels of total IgE.Results 126 patients with allergic diseases of children positive rate was 81.0% of total IgE,specific allergens,the positive rate was 74.6%.House dust inhalation was the highest for the 52 cases followed by house dust mites/dust mites in 47 cases;food group was the highest for the shrimp into the 23 cases followed by followed by egg white,crab,milk.Conclusion Serum of children allergic diseases were significantly higher total IgE,inhalant allergens in house dust was the main food allergens in shrimp-based.Note that most patients were allergic to multiple allergens allergens.Through the determination of serum total IgE level assessment of allergic diseases and an important indicator of allergic constitution,and then measured by specific allergens,can understand the cause of allergens in children with allergies to find the cause,try to avoid contact with these allergens,reduce the incidence.


The Last Happy Day is a portrait of Sandor Lenard, a Hungarian medical
doctor and a distant cousin of the filmmaker. In 1938, Lenard, a writer
with a Jewish background, fled the Nazis to a safe haven in Rome. Then
the U.S. Army hired Lenard to reconstruct the bones of dead American
soldiers. Sachs' essay film uses personal letters, abstracted war imagery,
home movies, interviews and a children's performance to create an intimate
meditation on the destructive power of war.


Threats and viruses are particularly alarming for children with low immunization levels. Pneumococcal disease is the world's most important cause of child death and has claimed many lives. Since awareness of the dangers of Pneumococcal viruses among parents is low in Malaysia, preventive measures such as vaccine intake cannot be done comprehensively. Hence, in order to communicate information about Pneumococcal disease, a pneumococcal disease diagnosis system for children is developed. This system employs expert system method and apply forward chaining technique for its reasoning. Knowledge base of the system is stored in the database for data management. This alternative system allows access to information as well as early diagnosis of early symptoms can be detected. This system is expected to benefit users in terms of knowledge sharing, and self-checking on their body condition, especially parents, to prevent any possible diseases that may infect children's.


In this project a group of researchers from the University of Maryland and the University of MarylandBaltimore County are working together with colleagues in Argentina, Hungary, Mexico and theUS to create children's book communities. This case study describes early work in developingthe online book community, known as ''ICDLCommunities'' because it is associated with a largedigital library of children's books known as the ''International Children's Digital Library'' (ICDL)(www.childrenslibrary.org or www.icdlbooks.org). The idea is to enable childrenfrom across the world to communicate with each other about the books they read and about theirlives; for example, what it is like to go to school in their country; what people eat; what games theyplay, and so on.In this case study we focus on the evaluation of early prototypes of components of theICDLCommunities software. We describe the field evaluations of school-based groups of children,aged 7 to 9, who were supported by their teachers and researchers from our team. Much of the earlyprototyping work was done using paper and video which was then sent to the children in anothercountry. A strong focus for both kinds of activities was to help the children to get to know each otherbetter. As the children became more comfortable working together they were set the task of readinga story form a book in the digital library and then ''writing'' a new ending for the story. These new


In this article I discuss the mobilities of forced displacement. I analyse the politics of mobility by connecting the multiple scales of experienced mobility with the representational and non-representational strategies of sense of place. The aim of this article is twofold: to illustrate the different collective cultural narratives of displacement, and the ontological bodily memories. Three narratives of Karelian displacement are discussed. To capture the bodily memories, I also apply the philosopher Jacques Derrida's (1995) ideas on khora. Khora originates in Plato's Timaeus. Derrida's one interpretation of khora is a half-way-place, which is midway between space and time. I argue that khora as a non-topological concept deepens the understanding of existential place relations and also provides a fresh conceptual basis for the analysis of non-representational aspects of experiential place. Empirically, I focus on the commemoration of Karelian evacuation in Finland. I argue that the festivity called the Trail of the Displaced consists of several culturally representational and embodied non-representational mobilities which explain the complexities of spatial belonging among displaced communities.


ABSTRACTWe show the evidence of ion-cyclotron dissipation mechanism in solar windplasma using Helios data. From our statistical analysis we found that the wavepower of high-frequency transverse waves (having frequencies between 0.01 and1 normalized to the proton gyrofrequency in the plasma frame) correlates withboth, the proton temperature anisotropy, T ⊥ /T k , and the normalized differen-tial speed, V αp /V A , between alpha particles and protons. Furthermore, whenthis speed stays below 0.5, then the alpha-particle temperature anisotropy cor-relate positively with the relative power of the transverse waves. However, ifV αp /V A is larger than 0.6, then the alpha-particle temperature anisotropy tendsto decrease towards values below unity, despite the presence of transverse waveswith relatively large amplitudes. For small relative wave amplitude, it is foundthat alpha particles can even be heated more strongly than protons when thealpha-to-electron density ratio nearly or below 0.01. Our findings are in goodagreement with predictions of kinetic theory for the resonant interaction of ionswith Alfvn-cyclotron waves and for the resulting wave dissipation. Also, thestudy suggests that the turbulence could lead to the generation of parallel Alfvencyclotron waves.REFERENCESAraneda, J. A., Y. Maneva, and E. Marsch (2009), Preferential Heating and Acceleration ofα Particles by Alfv´en-Cyclotron Waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 175001Araneda, J. A., E. Marsch, and A. F.-Vin˜as (2008), Proton Core Heating and Beam For-mation via Parametrically Unstable Alfv´en-Cyclotron Waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100,125003


We present the Spitzer IRAC/MUSYC Public Legacy Survey in the Extended CDF-South (SIMPLE), which consists of deep IRAC observations covering the ∼1600 arcmin2 area surrounding GOODS-S. The limiting magnitudes of the SIMPLE IRAC mosaics typically are 23.8, 23.6, 21.9, and 21.7, at 3.6 μm, 4.5 μm, 5.8 μm, and 8.0 μm, respectively (5σ total point source magnitudes in AB). The SIMPLE IRAC images are combined with the 10′ × 15′ GOODS IRAC mosaics in the center. We give detailed descriptions of the observations, data reduction, and properties of the final images, as well as the detection and photometry methods used to build a catalog. Using published optical and near-infrared data from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC), we construct an IRAC-selected catalog, containing photometry in UBVRIz′JHK, [3.6 μm], [4.5 μm], [5.8 μm], and [8.0 μm]. The catalog contains 43,782 sources with S/N >5 at 3.6 μm, 19,993 of which have 13-band photometry. We compare this catalog to the publicly available MUSYC and FIREWORKS catalogs and discuss the differences. Using a high signal-to-noise sub-sample of 3391 sources with ([3.6] + [4.5])/2 < 21.2, we investigate the star formation rate history of massive galaxies out to z ∼ 1.8. We find that at z ∼ 1.8 at least 30% ± 7% of the most massive galaxies (M* >1011M☉) are passively evolving, in agreement with earlier results from surveys covering less area.


Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of extracellularvesicles in cell-to-cell communication between neighboringcells or remote organs and as biomarkers (1). According toa recent proposal for a consensus nomenclature by the Inter-national Society for Extracellular Vesicles, extracellular vesiclesare classified into 3 biologically distinct entities based on thesize and intracellular mechanisms: 1) ectosomes; 2) exosomes;and 3) apoptotic bodies (2). Ectosomes, also known asmicroparticles (MPs) or microvesicles, are large extracellularvesicles (diameter 50 nm to 1000 nm), and are surrounded bya phospholipid bilayer. MPs are released into extracellularspace or circulation by direct budding from the plasmamembrane from multiple lineages of activated cells, includingplatelets, endothelial cells, granulocytes, monocytes, macro-phages, and lymphocytes. Exosomes, small membranousvesicles of endocytic origin (40 nm to 100 nm), are generatedby exocytosis of multivesicular bodies. Apoptotic bodies arereleased from fragmented apoptotic cells and are 50 nm to5000nmindiameter.Yetanothercategoryiscomprisedofma-trix vesicles, small membranous structures (30 nm to 300 nm)surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Matrix vesicles are released fromliving osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and promote bone andcartilage mineralization. Recent studies have demonstratedthat matrix vesicles derived from smooth muscle cells andmacrophages induce ectopic cardiovascular calcification (3,4).Understanding the niche of these matrix vesicles within theextracellular vesicle classification requires further investigation.In healthy individuals, leukocyte-derived MPs (LMPs)represent a minor portion (<10%) of the total MP pop-ulation in blood (5). Plasma levels of LMPs significantlyincrease in patients with cardiovascular and metabolicdisorders, including atherosclerosis, venous thromboembo-lism, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (6,7). PlasmaLMPs detected by immunocapture assay positively correlatewith plaque burden in asymptomatic patients with subclin-ical atherosclerosis (8).Human atherosclerotic plaques contain MPs, whichoriginatefrom leukocytes,erythrocytes,smoothmusclecells,and endothelial cells (9). LMPs harbor cell-specificanti-gens such as CD11b, CD66b, and CD15, which allowtheir detection by flow cytometry. Furthermore, LMPscontain bioactive proteins such as interleukin 1


Objective:To discuss CT features and other rare findings,of TSC difference between TSC and other resemble diseases.Method:7 cases with intracranial lesions diagnosed TSC were analysised,observation was focused on the site,size,calcification and other rear organ changes.Result: 7 cases of them have rare findings,and intracranial nodules were found in all patients,amount to 77,including 39 were calcified,and 80%were located at the body of lateral ventricle subependymal.Subcortical tubercle sclerosis and cortical multi-nodules were found in 5 cases and non of them were calcified,which appear in prefrontal and occipital lobe,then parietal and temporal lobe.4 cases with white matter lesions were found,which were all low density.They appear radially around the body and frontal horn of the ventricle.Conclusion:Subependymal multiple nodules,cortical and subcortical tubercle sclerosis,white matter lesions are major CT finding,CT plays an important role in diagnosis of TSC,and it also can find other malformations.


In this paper, a new identity for functions defined on an open invex subset of set of real numbers is established, and by using the this identity and the Hölder and Power mean integral inequalities we present new type integral inequalities for functions whose powers of third derivatives in absolute value are preinvex and prequasiinvex functions. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 26A51, 26D10, 26D15.


The kinetics isotope effects (KIE) at C/sub 4/ and C/sub 6/ in the 3,3 shift of 3-oxa-1,5-hexadiene appear to reveal that the transition state comes early, and that it involves much more bond breaking than making in contrast to the carbon 3,3 shift of relatively unperturbed dienes. At 160/sup 0/C the normal KIE at C/sub 4/ is 1.092 and the inverse KIE at C/sub 6/ is 1.025. The ratio of the KIE to the equilibrium isotope effect at the bond breaking site is (0.09/1.27) or 1/3, while that of the bond making site is only (1.025/1.16) or < 1/6. These results seem to confirm that the transition state is early because of the exothermicity of the reaction. The transition state structure suggests that radical stabilizing substituents on C/sub 1/, C/sub 4/, and C/sub 6/ will stabilize the transition state to a greater extent than placement of the same substituents on C/sub 2/ and C/sub 5/.


A Switching System that incorporates a user interface allow ing the operator to See all levels of a multi-level menu Simultaneously is disclosed. In particular, the user interface includes a rotary knob, an alphanumeric display and one or more keypad Switches or push-buttons. The alphanumeric display of the System includes one or more lines arranged one above the other, thereby allowing all levels of a menu to be simultaneously visible. In addition, the keypad Switches are arranged So that each Switch is associated with one line of the display.


The Chinalization of Marxism has produced three great theoretic results,they are:MAO Ze-dong thought,DENG Xiao-ping theory and 'Three Represents'.'Three Represents' and the theoretic source of scientific development conception are identical;the developed pule between the two is internally linked with each other.The important thought of 'Three Reperesents' stresses that the theoretic innovation is the important embodiment of the ability of the party in power,which has practical meaning for strengthening Party building.


Abstract The operational problems associated with acquiring seismic data in offshore frontier areas of S.E. Asia can usually be evaluated in terms of logistics, practicality and security. Navigation, the most important aspect of marine seismic acquisition, presents a unique challenge in terms of these three variables. The geographical and geometrical restrictions of shore-based navigation systems limit their use especially in frontier areas of S.E. Asia. such as Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia. The logistical difficulties of supporting a navigation chain especially in areas where security is a problem can not only cause operational delays, but prolonged interference can also escalate acquisition costs. As an alternative to standard shore-based navigation systems, satellite navigation systems, in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), are discussed. Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for military use, GPS has developed into a reliable navigation system. A brief introduction to satellite navigation including GPS is followed by two examples of seismic surveys recently acquired using only GPS as a navigation system. The reasons for selecting GPS as the primary and secondary navigation system in the first example, offshore Myanmar, were related to security and logistics. In the second example, offshore Cambodia, the geographic and geometric problems prompted the use of GPS. Both surveys were successfully acquired even though GPS was not fully operational.


Chito-oligosaccharides are a class of molecules, composed of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine sub-units, that possess various interesting properties. Currently, progress towards microbial in vivo production of these molecules was conducted in Escherichia coli. A disadvantage using E. coli may be its sub-optimal background metabolism. However, other production hosts that might harbor a more suitable metabolic basis tend to have a limited genetic toolbox, e.g. Corynebacterium glutamicum. Here we propose a versatile and efficient genome editing tool for C. glutamicum in order to substantially increase its in vivo production of specific chito-oligosaccharides.


In this paper, we present the adjustment of controller parameters using multiobjective optimization techniques. Unlike other works, where only the Pareto optimal solutions are considered, we also consider the set of nearly optimal solutions nondominated in their neighborhood. These solutions are potentially useful for two reasons: 1) they are similar to the optimal solutions for the optimized objectives, and; 2) they differ significantly in their parameters. This last point makes them interesting, since they bring diversity and different characteristics to the set of solutions for analyzing in the decision stage. In problems of controller parameter adjustment, especially for multivariable processes, there are many conflicting objectives. To simplify the optimization problem and decision stage, it is common to aggregate some of the objectives, and so simplify the initial problem. In this scenario, some controllers that were optimal for the initial problem can become nearly optimal in the simplified case. When these controllers are nondominated in their neighborhood, they are especially interesting because they usually present a different trade-off for the initial objectives. For the calculation of nearly optimal solutions nondominated in their neighborhood, the evolutionary algorithm nevMOGA was used. In this paper, the usefulness of considering these solutions is revealed in two controller design problems: the Wood & Berry distillation column and the CIC2018 control benchmark.


Brodimoprim was synthesized via bromine substitution,methylation,hydrazine substitution,oxidation,condensation and cyclocondensation by using 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the raw material.The overall yield was 11 3%.


Pollen morphology of 7 species representing 5 genera of the family Lythraceae from Pakistan have been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Lythraceae is an eurypalynous family. Pollen grains are generally free, radially symmetrical, isopolar, colporate or heterocolpate. Shape of pollen grains are sub-prolate or prolate often oblate-spheroidal. Sexine thicker or as thick as nexine. Tectum reticulate rugulate or scabrate to sub-psilate. The pollen morphology of the family Lythraceae is significantly helpful at generic and specific level. On the basis of apertural types 2 distinct pollen types viz., Lagerstroemia indica type and Ammannia baccifera- type are recognized.


As part of an effort to augment the limited supply of freshwater in El Paso, Texas, engineers and planners are eyeing a new source: desalinated water pumped from beneath the desert floor.


The compatibility of a number of nickel-based single crystal superalloys with a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is examined. An industry-standard yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ)type ceramic was used throughout this work, deposited using electron beam physical vapour deposition at a commercial facility. It is demonstrated that the resistance to spallation during thermal cycling is dependent upon the composition of the superalloy substrate upon which the TBC system is placed – the number of cycles to failure is found to vary by up to a factor of three when identical TBC systems (bond coat, ceramic layer) are employed. Of the three different bond coat systems considered, a platinumdiffused (so-called low-cost bond coat) was found to be consistently better than both low-activity or high-activity platinum aluminide bond coats, but only marginally. The composition of the superalloy substrate is thus shown to be the primary factor in determining TBC life.


In an emulsion in an ac field, charges induced on the drops will make adjacent drops align with the field and attract each other. Coalescence of water droplet pairs in naphtenic oil subjected to an ac electric field of varying frequency, shape and amplitude was studied with high-speed optical and electrical techniques. The coalescence is a very rapid process. At the moment of drop impact a current pulse was observed. Different possible coalescence mechanisms are suggested and discussed.


During the last five years, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has embarked on an intensive pavement preservation program. This program consists of the following: dedicated preventive maintenance funds including a marketing plan for management support, goals derived from the pavement management system (PMS) model to reduce distressed pavement, a Strategic Ten-Year Plan, a streamlined project delivery process, an integrated PMS with Geographic Information System (GIS), a partnership with industry and academia to develop new preventive maintenance treatments, and performance measures to quantify and improve cost-effectiveness. By applying more cost-effective preventive maintenance treatments, the entire highway system will be maintained at a higher level of service. Marketing to upper management was an integral part of moving from "worst first" to preventive maintenance (PM). After two years of workshops and presentations, Caltrans management and the independent California Transportation Commission were convinced that PM provides a cost-effective extension of the pavement service life. The PMS provided the technical data and the GIS maps illustrated the future pavement conditions that could be realized with increased funds. The result was an increase in maintenance and rehabilitation project funds from $150 million to $650 million per year. Out of these annual funds, $100 million is dedicated PM funding. Other innovative approaches were: streamlining the maintenance and CAPM project delivery process for more timely PM, and use of warranties.


This is a presentation of results the competitiveness of the agricultural farms in Bulgaria under the General Agriculture Policy (GAP) of the European Union. A new holistic approach was applied for evaluation of the competitiveness, taking into account their economic efficiency, financial opportunities, adaptability, as well as their sustainability level. A comparative analysis was made of the competitiveness of the agricultural farms in Bulgaria and in the EU. An integral evaluation of the competitiveness of farms, specialized in different fields is revealed.


n this this paper for the first time, we have formulated the dotriacontal number system using existing number systems like binary, and hexadecimal numbers. The dotriacontal number is one with a base of 32, containing 32 single-character digits or symbols. Each symbol contains five binary digits. This number system can be used in computers for reducing memory consumption and for memory specification. Generally, the computer memory addresses are displayed in five hexadecimal integers. If the computer memory addresses can be showed in four dotriacontal integers rather of five hexadecimal integers, the memory consumption will be reduced. It also can be used to increase the number of MAC addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. MAC (Media Access Control) address can be constructed as six deckles or 12 integers of the dotriacontal numbers instead of six octet hexadecimal digits. The IPv4 address can be defined in 8 integers of dotriacontal number that is 240 that is 1099511627776 address, and also the IPv6 address can be designed in 32 digits of the dotriacontal number that is 2160 or 1.46150164E48 addresses. The dotriacontal number system can be effective to detect error message using the checksum method. Typically, the checksum method is used by a binary or hexadecimal number system but the checksum method can be easily applied in the dotriacontal number system to detect error messages. The proposed work of this paper will be implemented if the dotriacontal code is executed and the memory specification is defined as a 10 bits deckle system instead of 8 bits byte.


Abstract When a concrete structure is exposed to heat such as a fire, its material properties, such as weight, compressive strength and elasticity, are degraded. The exposure also accompanies cracking, spalling and color changes. Therefore, a structure's quantitative damage assessment is very critical in determining whether to dismantle or strengthen the structure after a fire. The purpose of this study is to consider the color change of heat exposed concrete as a major parameter in conjunction with material property changes, such as weight loss and compressive strength degradation, for the purpose of identifying the relationship between concrete color change and material property changes at high exposure temperatures. For this purpose we manufactured concrete samples with varying water-to-cement ratios and heated them to target temperatures of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800°C in an electric oven, whereupon their color changes, weight losses and residual compressive strengths were measured for analysis. Experiment results show that the color change into red in concrete samples exposed to higher temperatures has a consistent relationship with weight loss rate and residual compressive strength. This result indicates that measuring the hue value in a concrete material can enable assessment of its material property changes.


A Subject Guide for the School of Music Production & Sound Design for Visual Media Resources related to research practices in the field of [department]


In this work we investigate the problem of scheduling instructions on idealized microprocessors with multiple pipelines, in the presence of precedence constraints, release-times, deadlines, and latency constraints. A latency of <italic>l<subscrpt>ij</subscrpt></italic> specifies that there must be at least <italic>l<subscrpt>ij</subscrpt></italic> time-steps between the completion time of instruction <italic>i</italic> and the start time of instruction <italic>j</italic>. A latency of <italic>l<subscrpt>ij</subscrpt></italic>=−1 can be used to specify that <italic>j</italic> may be scheduled concurrently with <italic>i</italic> but not earlier. We present a generic algorithm that runs in  <italic>O</italic>(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>log<italic>n</italic>α(<italic>n</italic>)+<italic>ne</italic>) time, given<italic>n</italic> instructions and <italic>e</italic> edges in the precedence DAG, where α(<italic>n</italic>) is the functional inverse of the Ackermann function. Our algorithm can be used to construct feasible schedules for various classes of instances, including instances with the following   configurations: (1) one pipeline, with individual release-times and deadlines and where the latencies between instructions are restricted to 0 and 1; (2) <italic>m</italic> pipelines, with individual release-times and deadlines, and monotone-interval order precedences; (3) two pipelines with latencies of −1 or 0, and release-times and deadlines; (4) one pipeline,  latencies of 0 or 1 and individual processing times that are at least one; (5) <italic>m</italic> pipelines, intree precedences, constant latencies, and deadlines; (6) <italic>m</italic> pipelines, outtree precedences, constant latencies, and release-times. For instances with deadlines,  optimal schedules that minimize the maximal tardiness can be constructed using binary search, in <italic>O</italic>(log <italic>n</italic>) iterations of our algorithm. We obtain our results using backward scheduling, a  very general relaxation method, which extends, unifies, and clarifies many previous results on instruction scheduling for pipelined and parallel machines.


The article studies two major trends in interpretation of the opposition paganism / Christianity in the Irish drama of the twentieth century. One of them is connected with the names of W.B.Yeats and P.Pearse who considered these phenomena in terms of interaction and interpenetration. The other trend is represented by the names of J.Synge, A.Clarke and B. Friel who viewed paganism as a contraposition to Christianity, preferring paganism as a realm of freedom and denying Christianity in its Catholic form as the kingdom of obedience and suppression of the individual.


In this article, I turn to a late nineteenth-century Ottoman-Muslim women's periodical, Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete (Ladies' own gazette) to broaden the scope of transnational feminist genealogies of women's piety, agency, and political subjectivity. I argue that the writers and editors of the gazette, who were mostly Ottoman-Muslim women, illustrate the subject position of nonpious believers. This position encapsulates the ethical and political imperatives of a subjectivity that is neither emancipatory nor exclusionary for women. Situating the gazette in its local and transnational historical context, I examine a series of articles on women's public schooling that merge the traditional demands of Ottoman society with demands for Muslim women's public education. These articles illustrate an approach to religion and religiosity that prioritizes women's public, collective, and political engagement, which requires a rethinking of the conceptual relationship between political action and religious belief. In dialogue with contemporary scholarship on women's piety and agency, I show how Ottoman-Muslim women's rediscovery and reevaluation of their own religion was articulated as a fundamental necessity for crafting a new kind of public space, one in which women are recognized as rightful members of the politico-religious community. While this may seem like a merely strategic, or instrumental, use of religion, what distinguishes this periodical's turn to Islam is its contributors' simultaneous commitment to following religious precepts and to unearthing these precepts' potential for enabling women's inclusion in the life of the politico-religious community.


This paper introduces the characteristic s of acrylonitrile wastewater,currently inadequate of industrial acrylonitrile wastewater treatment technologies and the latest development of acrylonitrile wastewater treatment methods.Analysis of the characteristics of various treatment methods proposed membrane separation process combined with other methods is an efficient,economic and environmentally friendly methods.


Sexing semen has become a worldwide technology now available in many countries through the use of flow cytometry for sexing mammal sperms (Johnson and Welch 1999 Theriogenology 52, 1323–1341). Because straws containing sexed semen have a low concentration, any condition that either improves or decreases freezing capabilities will considerably change semen quality. During cryopreservation, spermatozoa have been described as undergoing many changes that lead to membrane damage, which may result in decreased fertility (Watson 2000 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 6 (Suppl 1), 481). Since many cryoprotectants are available on the market, the objective of the present study was to compare 3 different extenders for freezing sex-sorted semen. For this study, 25 ejaculates were collected from 8 bulls of different breeds, diluted, then dyed with Hoechst 33342 (Schenk et al. 1999 Theriogenology 52, 1375–1391), and sexed by flow cytometry (SX MoFlo®; DaKoCytomation, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA). After being cooled at 4°C for 1 h and 30 min, the sexed semen was centrifuged and diluted in AndroMed® (Minitub, Tiefenbach, Germany), Bioxcell® (IMV, Aigle, France), or Botu-Bov® (Biotech Botucatu, Ltda., Sao Paulo, Brazil); the semen was packaged at 3 million total sperm in 0.25-mL straws and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digit cool 5300® IMV). To evaluate the freezing quality, the straws were thawed and incubated at 35°C for 15 min. The progressive motility was observed through an optical microscope (Coleman 200T). The statistical analyses were done using the SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Results show that there was no statistical difference between Bioxcell and AndroMed extenders (P ≤ 0.05). However, Botu-Bov extender showed a significant difference when compared with Bioxcell and AndroMed (see Table 1). It is also important to point out that 40% of the samples frozen with AndroMed showed non-aligned movement. Even though few ejaculates were used for this study, preliminary results showed that Bioxcell seemed to be the most suitable for freezing bull sexed semen. Table 1. Percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing


Abstract A simple model is derived of the cyclic temperature variations set up within a work roll during the hot-rolling process. The equations have been normalized so that they can be used easily for different roll dimensions, strip temperatures, roll-cooling coefficients, and roll speeds. The model is sufficiently simple for it to be programmed (for example, on a modern calculator), and provides solutions typically within 5% of results obtained from more precise equations which can be solved only by using powerful computing facilities. The model is ideally suited for 'real-time' calculations or as part of a hot-mill simulation, providing a rapid solution to equations which implicitly relate strip and roll temperatures in a train of roughers or a finishing mill. The model is derived entirely from physical approximations and arguments which incidentally provide considerable engineering insight into roll-heating phenomena. The model can be used to calculate internal roll-temperature distributions, and henc...


The present computation industry is growing very fast. Lot of improvements have taken place, as a result of which high speed computation with inbuilt parallel computation is the emerging technology for many of the parallel or multicore processors. Thus this technology is replacing the earlier technologies of sequential computation, leaving very little scope for the sequentially executing programs and their supporting software systems. These systems can neither utilize the modern computing resources nor scale upto their demands. Also, in contrary to the modern computational systems, the sequential executing legacy software systems are the systems which are a result of continuous developmental work of many developers embedding valuable mission critical functionalities. These systems have thus become the major working resources of the organizations but lack the capacity to adopt to the advanced hardware computation domains. Hence it is difficult for the organizations to disown these legacy systems or to maintain them. Thus a framework is required for bridging the gap between the advanced computation systems and the legacy systems. This paper proposes a methodology for abstraction of functionalities from the legacy 'C' program using the technique of program slicing.


A review of the basic mechanisms affecting the stability of the threshold voltage in response to a bias-temperature stress is presented in terms of the charging and activation of near-interfacial oxide traps. An activation energy of approximately 1.1 eV was calculated based on new experimental results. Implications of these factors, including the recovery of some bias-temperature stress-activated defects, for improved device reliability testing are discussed.


On the basis of the theory of plastic flow the peculiarities of application of plasticity condition connected with level lines of strain state surface for work-hardening incompressible rigid-plastic body at different stressed states realized in the context of plane and axisymmetric strain, plane stressed state are considered. Comparison of the proposed condition with plasticity conditions of Mises and Tresca is carried out on the basis of construction of yield curves in deviatoric plane and in planes corresponding to certain stressed states. It is shown that the proposed plasticity condition describes plastic flow on the edge of Tresca prism in conditions of axisymmetric deformation.


. The article explores the dynamics of the proportion of adult population among the Internet users and the use of information and communication technologies by enterprises in Ukraine. The different impact of digital technologies on economic development of a number of countries is considered. The dynamics of the number of scientific as well as scientific and technical studies in the structure of GDP of Ukraine is analysed. The change of the quantity of industrial enterprises that carry on innovative activity is considered. Peculiarities of the change in volumes of realized innovative products of the Ukrainian enterprises during the period of 2005-2015 are identified. Key risks and reserves of strengthening the intellectualization processes of the enterprise management systems are determined. There are formed priority tasks for management systems of enterprises in conditions of dynamic development of information and communication technologies as well as processes of intellectualization.


The population‐based registry of bladder cancer (BC) raises specific problems intrinsic to the tumor, as the inclusion of noninfiltrating, potentially malignant and multiple tumors. We performed a systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) of population‐based BC registries to obtain information on their geographic areas involved, last dates of real incidence of BC, and rules coding used in BC for uncertain behavior, in situ and multiple tumors.


Levels of leaf rust on wheat and triticale were generally low throughout the 1990 and 1991 wheat-growing seasons. The most commonly isolated pathotypes (pts) of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici isolated from all eastern states in Australia during 1990 were pts 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 and 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11. The latter was recorded in Western Australia for the first time in 1990. The most commonly isolated pts from New Zealand were 76-1,3, 76-1,3,5, 104-1,3, and 104-2,3,(6),(7),11. In 1991, dry conditions throughout Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria reduced levels of leaf rust greatly. The most commonly isolated pt in all mainland states was either pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 or 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11. Four pts (viz. 53-l,(6),(7),10,ll, 104-1,3,104-1,3,5 and 104-2,3,(6),(7),11) were isolated at approximately equal frequencies from New Zealand samples. Leaf rust pts isolated for the first time in Australasia were 53-(6),(7),10,ll, 53-6,(7),9,10,l 1+ Lr10, 64-11, 104-2,3,5,(6),(7),11 and 104-1,2,3,5,(6),(7),11 (isolated during 1990), and 10-1,2,3,4,8, and 122-1,2,3,(6),(7),11 (isolated during 1991)


We measured the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity of the concentrated Kondo compound CePtSi 2 under hydrostatic pressure. At ambient pressure, S gradually increases with decreasing temperature and shows a maximum value S max = 28 µV/K around 86 K, followed by a minimum around 4.5 K, as is often observed in antiferromagnetic Ce-based heavy fermion compounds. With increasing pressure, S at high temperature increases, whereas S below 20 K does not show a significant change.


A meta-analysis was conducted to statistically determine the effects of lipid supplementation on methane (CH4) production, milk production, and milk composition of lactating dairy cows. For this purpose, a data base was built using seven scientific publications (25 diets) available in the literature and reporting the effects of lipid supplementation on CH4 production, milk production, and milk composition. Lipid supplementation decreased (P 0.05). Lipid supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 production by 9%, either expressed as MJ d-1 or as a percentage of gross energy intake (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), or metabolizable energy intake (MEI). This reduction was mainly a consequence of a decreased DMI. Key words: Meta-analysis, lipid supplementation, methane, dairy cows, lactating


Experimental Diffusion of TCA in films and calculation of diffusion coefficients. Experimental data were obtained as in Fig. 3 in which photoacid-induced loss of the 640 nm absorption peak of intrafilm BG slowly recovered following cessation of illumination. Film thickness was adjusted to ensure that where possible recovery rates were measurable. The thinnest films were ca. 70 nm, the thickest ca. 1.5 µm Recovery rates were equated with acid loss, an assumption that is approximate but not unreasonable when the acid and indicator have similar pK a values, as is the case for TCA and BG. Estimates of D, the diffusion coefficient for TCA, were made by comparing experimental recovery curves with computer generated simulations. This gives approximate values, but is nevertheless able to compare diffusion coefficients that differed by factors from 10 to 1000-fold. Measurement of DMT + removal by scavengers. Measurements in solution were made at 20–23 °C in a stoppered and magnetically stirred spectrophotometer cuvette containing 5–10 μM DMT-T, 30–40 mM TCA and according to reactivity 0.075–250 mM scavenger in a final volume of 2.7–2.8 mL. Concentrations of silane-based polymers were calculated as those of the silylhydride groups. Scavenger concentrations were in excess of those for DMT-T. The scavenger-dependent disappearance of DMT + measured at 503 nm followed first order kinetics after an initial lag of ca. 5 s, presumably due to continuation of acid-induced detritylation before DMT + removal by scavenging dominated. Measurements in solid films for selected scavengers were made as follows. Films, 1 to 1.5 µm thick, were cast from DCM solutions containing DMT-T, PMS, ester 2, and one of triphenylsilane (TPS), (4-methoxyphenyl)-diphenylsilane (MMPS), or triphenyltinhydride (TPTH) at wt ratios for PMS:ester 2:scavenger of 1:1:1 for the first two scavengers and 1:2:0.1 for the third. Ester 2 was in a 40-fold molar excess over DMT-T. Measurements of DMT + absorption started immediately after photolysis of ester 2 at 365 nm (160 mJ cm-2 in 5 s). In the case of poly-(carbomethylsilane) which is both a film-forming polymer and a hydride donor, the film was cast from a DCM solution containing the polymer (1.2% w/v), ester 2 (0.3% w/v) DMT-T (0.24 mM), with or without TPM (0.17% w/v). Measurements of DMT + removal were made at 510 nm following rapid initial generation of TCA (and thence DMT +) by illumination at 365 nm for 10 s (160 mJ cm-2). Concentrations of scavengers in films were …


Objective This study was conducted to get an insight into the epidemic dynamics of infectious diseases,and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of strategies for the prevention and control of the infectious diseases.Methods The data were collected,coordinated and analyzed through Diseases Reporting Information System.Results The annual incidence of infectious diseases was 335.02/100,000 in 2009,and with hand-foot-mouth disease,viral hepatitis,pulmonary tuberculosis,epidemic parotitis,and dysentery being the top 5 infectious diseases in terms of incidence.Conclusion AIDS resides the first in causes of infectious disease death.The prevention and control of blood and sexes spreading disease should be the important measure in a currently period.


Compared to uni-path routing, multi-path routing can better utilize network bandwidth and balance network traffic. These features make it more suitable for mobile ad hoc networks with dynamic network topology and limited network bandwidth resource. In terms of QoS, providing multi-path routing in networks can better support QoS. In this paper, we propose a multi-path QoS routing protocol based on different path selection strategies for mobile ad hoc networks. According to different multi-path selection strategies, three sub-protocols have been designed. We evaluate the performance of the QoS routing protocol using extensive simulation


PEINTNER U. & MOSER M. 1996. Survey of heavy metal deposition at the Schulterberg (Achenkirch Altitude Profiles) by using basidiomycetes as bioindicators.Phyton (Horn, Austria) 36(4): 155162. In the course of an interdisciplinary study on the Schulterberg in Achenkirch (Tyrol, Austria), fleshy fruitbodies of 33 basidiomycetes species were collected, and their heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) measured. The measured lead concentrations (range: 0.1-232 ug/g dry weight, median: 10 ug/g dw) were much higher than those reported from other investigations. The basidiomatal stipes showed the highest absorption of lead, i.e. a 2 to 8-fold increase of lead compared to the extractable soil content. The cadmium values varied between 0.1 and 85 u.g/g dw (median 4.8 u.g/g dw) and were remarkably high for alpine areas. Moreover this element was accumulated by the basidiomatal caps by the factor 10-35. Zinc levels (2-385 u.g/g dw) seemed to be normal, this element was also enriched in the caps by factors between 15 and 20. Compared to soil copper is accumulated in the caps to a very high degree (700 fold). It is, however compared to other results still a relatively very low amount (1-121 |ag/g dw). Furthermore, different taxa were examined for their use as bioindicators. The results suggest that some species of the genus Cortinarius could be suitable for the bioindication of cadmium, zinc and copper. The specific accumulation patterns of the different taxa are still unclear. More detailed information about the constancy of their accumulation behaviour is required.


Duration of development, longevity and life table statistics of Anaphothrips sudanensis was studied on Phragmites karka under the rearing conditions of 18 ± 2°C and 26 ± 1.5°C; 72 ± 5% RH. The fecundity based on larval emergence was 37 ± 6.7 eggs. Egg incubation period, growth duration of larva I and II were 9.5 ± 1.57, 1.5 ± 0.44 and 3 ± 0.8 days, respectively. Duration of prepupa, pupa and adult longevity was 1 ± 0.28, 2 ± 0.44 and 8 to11 days, respectively. Net reproductive rate (Ro) of A. sudanensis was 33.25 eggs. True generation time (T), population doubling time and rate of weekly multiplication of the population (λ7) were 21.36, 4.22 days and 3.15 times, respectively, along with the intrinsic rate of increase in number (rm) being 0.1640. Periodical sampling of A.sudanensis revealed that its population ranged from 10 to 35 individuals/10 sweeps/m2 i.e., minimum during rainy and winter seasons and maximum in spring and autumn. This species occurs in three different forms such as macropterous and brachypterous females and apterous males.


This study aims to examine the influence of a number of key factors on the quality of accounting training at universities in Hanoi, in the context of the digital technology revolution. By the method of exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis with 438 observations from final year students in accounting, auditing of 6 universities in the economic sector. The results show that 5 factors have influence and impact on the quality of accounting training in the descending order as follows: Role of lecturers; Community connection; Renovation of training programs and teaching methods; Application of information technology and facilities. Research results are discussed in the article and recommendations are made for universities to improve training quality.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). Methods The PNS types,clinical featuers,blood level of tumor markers,antineuronal antibodies and other laboratory examination were reviewed in 38 patients of PNS. Results In all of the 38 patients,14 cases were diagnosed as subacute cerebellar degeneration,15 cases were diagnosed as paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy. Primary tumor of lung cancer was in 20 patients. 39.4% patients had abnormal blood level of tumor markers,60.0% patients had positive antineuronal antibodies(Hu、Yo、Ri). 25 patients with lung cancer or mediastinal tumor were detected by chest CT. Five patients were detected by 18F-FDG PET body scan. Conclusions The most common types of PNS are subacute cerebellar degeneration and paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy. One patient may present with more than one type of PNS. Lung cancer and gastric carcinoma are more common than other types of primary tumors. The majority of primary tumor are diagnosed after the onset of PNS. Investigation of tumor markers,antineuronal antibodies,chest CT and body PET is of great value for definite diagnosis. It should be followed up for more than 3 years in the suspected PNS patients.


Ever since the 1950s, manufacturing enterprises have been using computers to support the flow of materials throughout their business units. Improving logistics performance through applications of I ...


Four new drimane sesquiterpenoids, named as funatrols A–D (1–4), together with isodrimenediol (5), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Funalia trogii. The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines.


Speeches and persuasion dominate Plato's Crito . This paper, paying particular attention to the final passage in the dialogue, shows that the focus on speeches, persuasion and allusions to many other elements of rhetoric is an integral part of Plato's severe criticism of democracy, one of the main points of the Crito . Speeches allow members of a democracy – represented in our dialogue by Crito – firstly to break the law for self-interested reasons while considering themselves still to be law-abiding citizens, and secondly to feel that they are in a tolerant society preferring logos/ persuasive speech above bia /compulsion. Socrates counters Crito's speeches with speeches of his own, not only to defeat him at his own game, but also to make him aware how dangerous the game is. Real knowledge is preferable to speeches, but a democracy without speeches and rhetoric is doomed.


This paper introduces a polygon-based method for removing overlaps of printed circuit board (PCB) pattern with circular-arc. The algorithm takes a sequence of object contours in Gerber files which consist of circular-arc polygons (i.e., polygons that have straight or circular boundary edges) in a plane as input, and outputs high quality and non-overlapping layouts. Instead of combining circular-arc polygons together, we adopt a new clipping strategy so that the bounding boxes of circular-arc polygons should remain as small as possible. The clipping algorithm is simple, robust and efficient yet it produce high quality layouts. It employs bounding boxes and spatial binning to avoid the quadratic complexity of exact intersection tests. A comparison with a brute force overlap tester are given. A number of PCB pattern experiments suggests it benefits the real-time rasterizer in decreasing running time.


[Purpose] To study the influence factors of early diagnosis in pancreatic cancer. [Methods] The clinical presentation of 319 cases of pancreatic cancer, especially their initial symptoms and symptoms at first visit to a doctor were analyzed retrospectively. [Results] Pain, abdominal discomfort, anorexia and obstructive jaundice as initial symptoms were found in 157, 76, 67 and 46 cases respectively. In majority of patients symptoms increased and aggravated at first visit to a doctor, especially in patients with anorexia, obstructive jaundice, back pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Seventy-three patients didn't get necessary examination at the beginning. One hundred and two patients had been misdiagnosed at the first diagnosis. [Conclusions] For patients who troubled with pain, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, obstructive jaundice, possibility of pancreatic cancer should be considered and efficient examination should be carried out for them. These are important procedures for early diagnosis and prognosis improvement in pancreatic cancer.


The theory of Auger recombination involving traps is extended to indirect band gap semiconductors, indeed with special emphasis on deep impurities. Effects of the strong localization and of the lattice relaxation combined with these impurities are taken into account. The results give an explanation of the influence of goldimpurities on the recombination in silicon.


New technology has greatly increased the choices for communicators. The study was undertaken to examine how information technology enhances the supervision of the marketing executives in the banking industry in Nigeria. A typical three-tier information model guided the study. The marketing executives of eight selected consolidated banks in Lagos, commercial city of Nigeria formed the population of the study. A sample of 180 marketing executives was determined using a percentage formula. Kendall's   W Test statistics was used for the hypothesis testing. A calculated Chi-square result of 230.691 was obtained, which is significant as P-value of 0.000<0.05. Furthermore, with the Kendall's coefficient of 0.641, an agreement among the responses was established that the personal computer, in both desktop and portable form, is a superb message centre for managers receiving and relaying information quickly to the marketing executives. These systems would provide a way to minimize the time spent on report writing, yet at the same time, would improve the accuracy of the marketing information collected. Banks that have computerized support system would report significant improvements in the productivity of their marketing executives and management effectiveness in the banking industry in Nigeria. Keywords : Information Technology, Effective Supervision, Marketing Executives, Personal Computers, Superb Message centre, World Wide Web, Three-Tier Networking, Banking industry in Nigeria.


Industrial agitators are used in various industrial fields where they are necessary to intimately mix two reactants in a short period of time. However, despite their widespread use, complex unsteady flow characteristics of industrial mixers are not systematically investigated. The present study aims for clarify unsteady flow characteristics induced by various impellers in a tank. Impellers are pitched blade turbine(PBT) types, Screw type, Rushton turbine type and etc.


Along with the research on the cloud computing with its applications is deep going, the business perspective of cloud computing is emerging as the frontiers and hotspots in this field. This paper is aimed at mapping the research in this field by means of a visualization analysis approach based on the citation and co-citation network. With the aid of the software CiteSpace II and the literature data embodied in the ISI Web of Science database, the visualization analysis about the research in this discipline is conducted by identifying the most essential research papers, representative authors and typical research outcomes on the basis of the clustering methods about the 427 papers and 9208 nodes, and the important subjects and regions are detected, together with the recent research stream is mapped with the vivid visualization, on purpose for providing valuable references to enhance the comprehension by the scholars in this area.


Plastic changes in white matter have received considerable attention in relation to normal cognitive function and learning. Oligodendrocytes and myelin, which constitute the white matter in the central nervous system, can respond to neuronal activity with prolonged depolarization of membrane potential and/or an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Depolarization of oligodendrocytes increases the conduction velocity of an action potential along axons myelinated by the depolarized oligodendrocytes, indicating that white matter shows functional plasticity, as well as structural plasticity. However, the properties and mechanism of oligodendrocyte depolarization‐induced functional plastic changes in white matter are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the functional plasticity of white matter in the hippocampus using mice with oligodendrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin‐2. Using extracellular recordings of compound action potentials at the alveus of the hippocampus, we demonstrated that light‐evoked depolarization of oligodendrocytes induced early‐ and late‐onset facilitation of axonal conduction that was dependent on the magnitude of oligodendrocyte depolarization; the former lasted for approximately 10 min, whereas the latter continued for up to 3 h. Using whole‐cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells and recordings of antidromic action potentials, we found that the early‐onset short‐lasting component included the synchronization of action potentials. Moreover, pharmacological analysis demonstrated that the activation of Ba2+‐sensitive K+ channels was involved in early‐ and late‐onset facilitation, whereas 4‐aminopyridine‐sensitive K+ channels were only involved in the early‐onset component. These results demonstrate that oligodendrocyte depolarization induces short‐ and long‐term functional plastic changes in the white matter of the hippocampus and plays active roles in brain functions. GLIA 2014;62:1299–1312