Small demersal fishes were collected along the central Oregon coast using a shrimp trawl with small-mesh liner. The trawl was deployed bimonthly in 1989 along 3 transects and along a single transect in March 1989 to 1994. Forty species, 19 of which are not commercially important and rarely reported in other studies, occurred in >5% of the samples. Species assemblages were structured primarily by depth, with mid-shelf stations dominated by flatfishes; on the outer shelf and slope, gadids, scorpaenids, osmerids, and zoarcids were also important. Additionally, 4 out of 5 identified station groups were more closely associated with a single season. Seasonal assemblage structure included a broad range of species whose distributions shifted inshore in summer. This phenomenon, previously described for only a few species off Oregon, further accentuated the correlation of assemblages with depth. Seasonal shifts in distributions appeared to be a function of juvenile settlement and ontogenetic changes in nursery habitat and of seasonal inshore-offshore movements of individuals of many sizes, which indicated that sediment type was not the only feature important in habitat selection. March assemblages were weakly structured by interannual differences, in spite of environmental conditions ranging from the cold La Niña of 1989 to the warm El Niño of 1992. The largest annual differences were among short-lived species and likely reflected differences in recruitment. This study targeted smaller fish than are collected in most bottom trawl surveys and illustrates the importance of seasonal changes in habitat for smaller fish and the value of understanding all life stages in a demersal fish community.


With the advent of minimally invasive and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), cardiac surgery has reached a "strategic inflexion point" at which alternate pathways offer both dangers and opportunities that may lead to increased success or dismal failure. Since the price of a cardiac surgeon's misjudgment is ultimately paid by the patient, at critical junctures it is vital to maintain our profession's tradition of vigorous discussion and debate about new technologies. Most of my comments will be about off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) because avoidance of the pump seems a worthwhile goal. In contrast, with current technology, the complexity and risk of port-access coronary bypass with the pump seem to outweigh the benefit of merely avoiding a sternotomy. This view may change as we improve port-access techniques but I know from personal experience that sternotomy incisions are not so bad. Furthermore, portaccess CABG is done in relatively few centers compared with off-pump CABG.


Developing sustainable development (SD) mindset and professional skills, such as problem solving, team working and communication skills, are crucial for engineering graduates of the 21st Century. Cooperative Problem Based Learning (CPBL), which is the infusion of Cooperative Learning (CL) principles into the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) cycle, had been shown to enhance learning while developing the desired professional skills and positive behavior. This paper describes a mixed method study on the impact of an Introduction to Engineering course on first year students as they go through three cycles of CPBL to solve a sustainability related problem. In the first part of the research, anexploratory studywas conducted by analyzing reflective journals submitted by the students at the end of each CPBL cycle using thematic qualitative data analysis technique to determine the major themes in skills developed. The analysis show strong emergence of professional skills and SD. To determine the level of behavior change in SD for students who took the course, a quantitative study was then conducted. Although the students initially faced difficulties in developing the skills, by the end of the third stage, the students realized that they have managed to attain important skills and SD behavior essential as engineers of the future.


Abstract Tetrapolipus anoplophorae sp. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae) is described from Anoplophora lucipor Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Luzon, Bataan, Limay Province, Philippines and compared with seven species of Tetrapolipus Berlese in the Eastern Hemisphere. This is the first species of Tetrapolipus described from Anoplophora. No parasitic mites were found on Asian longhorned beetles (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), collected in China or on A. glabripennis collected in the USA. Examination of additional species of Anoplophora failed to yield parasitic podapolipid mites. A key to species of Tetrapolipusis provided and genera of beetle families that have podapolipid mites are compared with genera of podapolipid parasites of these families.


Total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from aqueous acetone 70% (crude extract) and semi purified extracts by liquid-liquid partition with ethyl acetate (organic fraction) of Pinus cooperi, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus leiophylla and Pinus teocote bark were evaluated. The antioxidant activity using acid 2,2 ́-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6sulfonic radical (ABTS•+), deoxyribose assay (scavenging of hydroxyl radical) and human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) inhibition were also determined. Chromatographic analysis of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of extracts was performed. Total phenolics concentration was 491 mg g-1 to 604 mg g-1, organic extracts showed higher flavonoids concentration (292 mg g-1 to 385 mg g-1) than crude ones (259 mg g1 to 314 mg g-1), while proanthocyanidins concentration was higher in crude extracts (186 mg g-1 to 286 mg g-1) than organic extracts (70 mg g-1 to 151 mg g1). The radical scavenging activity ABTS was (49,48% to 57,44%), similar to catechin standard (57,92%). The scavenging capacity of OH radical (25,85% to 48,46%), was higher in organic extracts for all species. The LDL oxidation inhibition for organic extracts (64,41% to 89,39%), was higher than crude extracts. Catechin was identified in all species at low concentration. HPLC chromatograms showed a flavanone as the major compound in P. cooperi, P. engelmannii, and P. teocote bark extracts.


There is ever‐increasing pressure on hospital resources in general and emergency departments (ED) in particular. At the same time, there is increasing recognition that traditional inpatient ward‐based care is not necessary for the majority of children presenting to the ED with acute illness, and that there are patient, family and hospital benefits to pursuing other options. Here, we describe alternative pathways for children presenting to the ED, including short stay and observational medicine, hospital‐in‐the‐home and non‐admission enhanced care, in other words, additional management practices or pathways for children who are discharged from the ED. We discuss the principles, models and practical considerations involved in each of these.


Formation on Pt Electrodes covered by Nafion A.A. Franco, Y. Suzue, R.F. de Morais, A. Kachmar, T. Mashio, A. Ohma and K. Shinohara a Atomic and Alternative Energies Commission of France (CEA)/DRT/LITEN/DEHT/Laboratory of Components for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers, and of Modeling (LCPEM) 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France b Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. 1, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-Shi, Kanagawa, 237-8523, Japan email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


This essay ―that form and also methodology definition― part of the problem of indifference and their tissue of senses, referring to the disappearance of people in Argentina. After submitting to the culture of human rights, the prosecution and concentration of efforts in the punishment of those responsible for massacres, and the phenomena of crystallization of the memory of a past of extermination, the essay focuses on the problems of the attention and persuasion, in the critique of reification and dullness, bureaucratization of memory and the impoverishment of experience and theory, the soil acts of cruelty and continuity of exclusions and annihilations. The culture of memory, whose prism is the past, can stay away from extermination and impositions of this humiliation, new victims and the persistent indifference. Attention and persuasion, then, what can nominate and exceed beyond rhetoric manifested in ethics and politics of memory.


Depressive ideation, the "symptoms" of depгession, the "syndrome" of depression, the "illness" of depression; these all repгesent approaches to what are commonly known as depressive states. Yet, though the precipitating factor, tl1e circumstances of the onset, and the type and intensity of symptoms may vary from one state to the other, we are still аЫе to dis tinguish а set of signs and symptoms w\1ich make up the "core" of depression.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of using a rapid plasma d-dimer test as an adjunct to compression ultrasound for diagnosing clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. Design d-dimer concentrations were determined in all patients with a normal ultrasonogram at presentation. Repeat ultrasonography was performed 1 week later only in patients with abnormal d-dimer test results. Main outcome measure Patients with normal ultrasonograms were not treated with anticoagulants and were followed for 3 months for thromboembolic complications. Setting University research and affiliated centres. Subjects 946 patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. Results Ultrasonograms were abnormal at presentation in 260 (27.5%) patients. Of the remaining 686 patients tested for d-dimer, 88 (12.8%) had abnormal concentrations. During follow up venous thromboembolic complications occurred in one of the 598 patients who were not treated with anticoagulants and who had an initial normal ultrasonogram and d-dimer concentration, whereas thromboembolic complications occurred in two of the 83 untreated patients who had abnormal d-dimer concentrations but a normal repeat ultrasonogram. The cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolic complications during follow up was 0.4% (95% confidence interval 0% to 0.9%). The rapid plasma d-dimer test used as an adjunct to compression ultrasonography resulted in a reduction in the mean number of repeat ultrasound examinations and additional hospital visits from 0.7 to 0.1 per patient. Conclusions Testing for d-dimer as an adjunct to a normal baseline ultrasound examination decreased the number of subsequent ultrasound examinations considerably without any increased risk of venous thromboembolic complications in patients not receiving anticoagulants. The use of ultrasound and testing for d-dimer enabled treatment decisions to be made at the time of presentation in most patients. Introduction Compression ultrasound is widely used for the diagnostic management of patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. 2 It has a high sensitivity for proximal vein thrombosis but is much less sensitive to thrombi confined to the calf veins. Some of these calf vein thromboses may quickly extend to the larger more proximal veins, presenting a high risk of pulmonary embolism. Therefore, repeat ultrasonography during a period of 1 week is indicated in all patients with a normal ultrasonogram at presentation. 5 A single repeat ultrasound examination at 1 week can safely exclude deep vein thrombosis. 7 d-dimer is a fragment specific to the degradation of fibrin. Several studies have shown its high sensitivity, moderate specificity, and high negative predictive value for suspected deep vein thrombosis. The high predictive value of a normal d-dimer test result has potential in deciding which patients with a normal initial ultrasonogram should return for a repeat examination. We studied a large cohort of patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis to determine whether the d-dimer test can be used as an adjunct to a normal ultrasonogram in these patients. Repeat ultrasonography was performed in patients with an abnormal d-dimer test result. The safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment in patients with normal ultrasonograms was evaluated during a 3 month follow up, with symptomatic venous thromboembolic complications as the outcome measure. Subjects and methods Patients Consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis of the leg were eligible for the study. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, aged less than 18 years, had had a previous documented episode of venous thromboembolism, had concurrent signs or symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism, had received anticoagulant treatment for more than 48 hours before referral, needed anticoagulant treatment for indications other than venous disease, or were unable to return to a study centre for follow up because Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy Enrico Bernardi, research fellow Luigi Scarano, research fellow Paolo Prandoni, senior researcher Antonio Girolami, senior researcher Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Servizio di Angiologia, University of Padua Fabio Verlato, senior researcher Istituto di Medicina Interna e Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, 06122 Perugia, Italy Giancarlo Agnelli, senior researcher Divisione di Angiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy Giuliana Guazzaloca, senior researcher I Divisione Medica, Ospedale Civile di Venezia, Venice 30100, Italy Gianluigi Scannapieco, senior researcher


Multimodality is an integral part of teaching and learning. Over the past few decades researchers have been designing, creating and analyzing novel environments that enable students to experience and demonstrate learning through a variety of modalities. The recent availability of low cost multimodal sensors, advances in artificial intelligence and improved techniques for large scale data analysis have enabled researchers and practitioners to push the boundaries on multimodal learning and multimodal learning analytics. In an effort to continue these developments, the 2015 Multimodal Learning and Analytics Grand Challenge includes a combined focus on new techniques to capture multimodal learning data, as well as the development of rich, multimodal learning applications.


High-speed motion pictures have enabled us to study the swimming movements of Bosmina Zongirostris. These small cladocerans swim using antenna1 movements which superficially resemble those of a human breaststroke, The time taken for each stroke is relatively constant, and the movements of the antennae during a stroke are nearly invariant. Thus, the animals vary their average speed mainly by varying the interval between strokes. In the absence of antenna1 forces, a Bosmina body would move broadside. Forces produced by the antennae of a swimming Bosmina constrain the body to move edgewise. The shape of the body is not the shape which minimizes drag. The orientation and shape of the body may reflect opposing selection for reducing drag and the ability of predators to find Bosmina and for the ability of predators to manipulate Bosmina.


This paper presents a saturable analytical model of induction machines, with a systematic approach for segregating the electromagnetic losses. The proposed model is based on the equivalent circuit of the machine, which has been augmented to account for different loss components. The segregation of different loss components in stator and rotor have been improved by considering the loading, skin effect and field-weakening operation. The required parameters of the model are identified from a well-defined set of finite element analysis of the machine. The proposed model and the identification methodology have been tested on two different induction machines. In both cases, the finite element computations are validated with laboratory measurements, and the analytical model is validated against the finite element model. The results show that the proposed model is more accurate than the conventional ones from the literature, and thus it can be used as a component while building a digital twin of the induction machine, and inserted into a virtual simulation software for real-time thermal management for example.


Effective ac erosion rates were measured for Cu-Cr, Ag-WC and Ag-Cr contacts in vacuum contactors. Half-cycle arc currents of 450-600 A rms were used, with the full gap set to 10%-25% of the contact diameter. The contacts parted during the rising current, and the arc stopped at the next current zero. The polarity changed for each operation to ensure uniform effects for both contacts. The effective linear volume erosion rate [cm/sup 3//C] was determined by monitoring the axial thickness of the contacts versus the number of operations. When this was converted to an effective mass erosion rate [/spl mu/g/C], it was significantly smaller than the reported absolute cathode erosion rate based on measured loss of cathode mass. Both the dependence of the effective erosion on the gap and the distribution of metal droplets on the arc shield were studied. Droplets were a significant cathode material loss which left the gap close to the plane of the cathode, while a large fraction of the ionized vapor leaving the cathode spots was deposited onto the anode. The effective erosion rate increased when spiral-slotted contacts were used.


Optical flow estimation is still one of the key problems in computer vision. When estimating the displacement field between two images, it is applied as soon as correspondenc es between pixels are needed. The choice of the transform is an important tool in optical flow estimation. So in this paper curvelet transform is proposed to estimate the optical flow. it is found that the proposed algorithm is much better than most recently previous work based on multiwavelet. This is because curvelet transform can be efficient in finding estimates along curves.


This numerical study aims at understanding the regimes of non-premixed hydrogen combustion in an enclosure with two vents. It has been demonstrated previously that the increase of flow rate in the enclosure with one upper vent changes a ¦re regime from well-ventilated, when all hydrogen is consumed by combustion within the enclosure, to an under-ventilated fire. The under-ventilated ¦re in the enclosure with one vent has been characterized by transition of internal jet ¦re intoexternal flame attached to the vent at moderate flow rates, to complete self-extinction of combustion within and without the enclosure at higher flow rates, and again to external flame at increased further flow rates. Fire in the enclosure with two vents demonstrates similar behavior withthe transition from well-ventilated ¦re to under-ventilated ¦re with the external flame regime, when the flame is attached to the upper vent, with the increase of the leak flow rate. However, with further increase of flow rate, the complete self-extinction is not observed and there is a very small area just above the hydrogen release pipe where combustion is sustained for the rest of the release.


The Rousseeuw-Croux S n , Q n scale estimators and the median absolute deviation MAD n can be used as consistent estimators for the standard deviation under normality. All of them are highly robust: the breakdown point of all three estimators is 50%. However, S n and Q n are much more efficient than MAD n : their asymptotic Gaussian efficiency values are 58% and 82% respectively compared to 37% for MAD n . Although these values look impressive, they are only asymptotic values. The actual Gaussian efficiency of S n and Q n for small sample sizes is noticeable lower than in the asymptotic case. The original work by Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) provides only rough approximations of the finite-sample bias-correction factors for S n , Q n and brief notes on their finite-sample efficiency values. In this paper, we perform extensive Monte-Carlo simulations in order to obtain refined values of the finite-sample properties of the Rousseeuw-Croux scale estimators. We present accurate values of the bias-correction factors and Gaussian efficiency for small samples ( n ≤ 100) and prediction equations for samples of larger sizes.


Based on a comparison of rainfall anomalies between central India and central Tibet in July and August 1979, a negative correlation between them is found. When an active monsoon prevailed over central India, a break monsoon occurred over central Tibet, and vice versa. The large-scale circulation conditions for an active Indian monsoon are characterized by the presence of a large area of negative height departures over the Indian Peninsula and large areas of positive height departures over central Tibet. On the other hand, the circulation conditions responsible for a break monsoon in India are characterized by frequent wave-trough activity over Tibet and the regions to the west of Tibet, and by a dominating high-pressure area over the Indian Peninsula.


The invention relates to a kit for a body-shell structure of a rail vehicle, comprising a carrier structure with at least two upper belts (O) and a plurality of roof cross members (Q) for the roof region of the space frame, at least two lower belts (U) and a plurality of bottom cross members (Q) for a bottom region of the body, a plurality of columns (S) running perpendicular and a plurality of window belts (F) for side regions of the body. The invention further comprises at least one head module (E1), wherein the shell structure has a modular design. The upper belts (O) and the lower belts (U) are connected via knots (BK1, BK2, BK3, BK4) to adjoining cross members (Q), perpendicular columns (S) and/or window belts (F), wherein the upper belts (O) and the lower belts (U) have a uniform profile cross-section and the knots (BK1, BK2, BK3, BK4) are at least partially of uniform design.


This thesis is an investigation of currents in the outer Oslofjord using available tools. Current records and output from the NorKyst-800 model are examined and compared using statistical methods. Internal tidal waves are observed in the Drøbak Strait. Non-tidal frequencies are found to be the most energetic. The strongest currents are found near Bastøy, possibly associated with freshwater flow from Drammenselva. There are often two layers of current, of which the uppermost layer could be wind-driven and the second layer could be associated with the estuarine circulation. Topographic waves seem to exist near the bottom. Integral time scales are about one day. There is a weak clockwise turning of current with depth near the surface. In general, the current tends to go along-fjord. The currents are statistically Gaussian. Similarities to baroclinic modes with rough bottom are found. There are quite a few differences between the data and the model output, mostly due to the model bathymetry. Some differences, like the absence of bottom-strengthened currents, could be associated with a low vertical resolution. It is concluded that more current sensors recording over a longer time period, in addition to salinity and temperature loggers, are needed in order to fully understand the dynamics in the outer Oslofjord. Acknowledgements Firstly, I want to thank my main supervisor Joseph Henry LaCasce for his supervision during the work with the thesis, in particular with respect to the structure and the statistical analysis. Furthermore, I want to thank my co-supervisor Andre Staalstrøm for inspiring discussions and help with the data. Moreover, I am thankful to the crew onboard R/V Trygve Braarud, who enabled the collecting of data in the outer Oslofjord. I also want to thank Lars Petter Røed and Jan-Erik Weber for coming with useful input during the work with the thesis. Thanks to those of you who read through my thesis; Eirin, Kristoffer, Kjersti, Nils-Otto and Per Gunnar. I am grateful for the help you gave me in a hectic period. Moreover, I want to thank my friends and family for encouragement and support. Lastly, I am very grateful for the help from Kjell when my laptop broke down. Without this help, I could have lost many days of work.


For many tactical mobile ground based tracking phased-array radar applications, the antenna system must be covered by a radome to permit capability in all weather conditions. While this radome provides environmental protection for the tracking antenna, it will affect the accuracy in estimating target direction caused by radome curvature and radome seam scattering. The antenna designer must then evaluate angle error due to radome effect so as to completely characterize performance parameters that meet the requirements of angle accuracy on the overall tracking radar system. The author presents the analysis of an angle error correction algorithm for the phased array inside a curved sandwich radome. The array's dimension is 2 m/spl times/4.7 m (EL/spl times/AZ) and operates at X-band. The radome is assembled by three sandwich panels and has cylindrical shape with 4 m radius in elevation. Most angle error is contributed by radome curvature. The numerical radome simulation employs a ray tracing method to compute the transmission coefficients of the antenna's rays at different incident angles through the radome which are dependent on array scan. Due to the cylindrical geometry of the radome, no angle error is obtained in azimuth.


We study the stability of the 2+1 dimensional U(1) spin liquid state against proliferation of instantons in the presence of spinon Fermi surface. By mapping the spinon Fermi surface into an infinite set of 1+1 dimensional chiral fermions, it is argued that an instanton has an infinite scaling dimension for any nonzero number of spinon flavors. Therefore, the spin liquid phase is stable against instantons and the non-compact U(1) gauge theory is a good low energy description.


The weed in reed fields from six town of Baiyangdian Lake was investigated by the method of random sampling and inverted W-sampling pattern in 2008-2009.103 weed species from 29 families were found.Ten weed species were dominant in reed fields based on the analysis of their relative abundance.They are Setaria viridis,Glycine soja,Bidens frondosa,Humulus scandens,Actinastenma lobatum,Hemarthria altissima,Phalaris arundiacea,Capsella bursa-pastoris,Viola japonica,Polygonum hydropiper in which the relative abundance is over 10%.The weeds communities in Reed fields of Baiyangdian Lake have following four characteristics:The dominant weed species were variable in different area;Perennial weed for example H.altissima,P.arundiacea,Metaplexis japonica,Cephalanoplos setosum,Imperata cylindrical were aboundent;The liane weed species such as A.lobatum,H.scandens,G.soja,M.japonica,Calystegia hederacea can cause severe damage to reed;New weed species such as P. arundiacea and B.frondosa occur seriously.


This article explores concepts of student support in higher education. It draws on findings from a research project that considered what students understood by 'support' and what for them was, or had been, more or less helpful. The project drew on the perspectives of five cohorts of undergraduate and postgraduate students, based in three departments of one higher education institution in the UK. The views of all students within these cohorts were explored (i.e. not just those who had accessed support as defined by the institution). Within the changing contexts of higher education, and in response to perceived changing student needs, support structures within institutions have continued to grow and develop. Although there are no easy answers to the provision of support, the reconceptualisation proposed in this article suggests a shift from 'support' as a mainly reactive response to perceived student problems, to 'supportive' (and proactive) cultures and contexts.


There were 31 species of colored-leaf plants in street greens of Kunming city including 12 of arbors, 14 of shrubs, 3 of herbals showed and 2 of liana.There were 7 spring colored-leaf plants, 5 autumn colored-leaf plants,10 mosaic colored-leaf plants and 9 ever colored-leaf plants.The composition of leaf colors was main yellow (41.94%) and red (38.71%).The application forms of colored-leaf plants was mainly foundation planting, specimen planting, linear planting, group planting and clump planting, and their principle allocation was shrubs only, shrubs +herbals, arbors+shrubs and arbors+shrubs+herbals.The problems utilizing of colored-leaf plants in street greens mainly include lack of in species, especially for native species, and monotony in arrangement forms of colored-leaf plants.


This paper contextualizes Simon's book, Administrative Behavior, within the evolution of his ideas arguing, contrary to what some have posited, that the common element that unites this book with the rest of Simon's work is not the criticism of the classical approach, but an epistemological frame, based on an empirical methodology. This empiricism is the element that remained constant during his career and led him to introduce psychological factors when explaining the behavior of economic agents under his models of bounded and procedural rationality. KEywORDS: Herbert A. Simon; bounded rationality; procedural rationality; empiricism. JEL Classification: A11; D01; B52; B31; D21. * Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, University of North Carolina at Greensboro and Departmento de Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). E-mail: email@example.com. Submitted: 17/September/2015; Approved: 15/ August/2016. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol 37, no 4 (149), pp 719-733, October-December/2017 719 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572017v37n04a04 Revista de Economia Política 37 (4), 2017 • 720 Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 37 (4), 2017 • pp. 719-733 INTRODUCTION In light of the importance that Herbert Simon and his concept of bounded rationality (BR) have been acquiring among behavioral economists in general (Geiger, 2015, p. 2) and, as an example, in regard to nudge theory (Muramatsu and Fonseca, 2012) and other branches of behavioral economics in particular, this paper aims at contextualizing the role of Herbert Simon's book Administrative Behavior (AB), within the framework of the evolution of his ideas. Some authors see in this first work a strong criticism of classical and neoclassical elements. A different position is argued here. Simon's first book, far from being extremely critical and opposed to mainstream economics, did share some of its fundamental ideas. The common element that unites AB with the rest of Simon's work is not the criticism of the classical approach, but an epistemological frame, based on empirical methodology, which contributed in the introduction to psychological factors in the explanation of economic agents. Some authors, like Gustavo Barros, mentioned this disparity (2010, p. 457). This paper adds to that extent that what was constant during his research career and what pushed Simon to a complete rejection of the classical paradigm years later was this philosophical empiricism. This empirical approach, among other factors, was the main foundation of his models of bounded and procedural rationality. Simon's constant use of a positivist approach, not only made him the epicenter of this epistemological viewpoint in public policy (Cruise, 1997), but also helped him to develop other concepts (satisficing, etc.) that eventually introduced a new paradigm in rational theory within the larger context of a behavioral revolution (Mingus, 2007; Geiger, 2015). This new paradigm was yet to be seen in Simon's first book. In the history of social sciences, economics and management some authors (Dequech, 2001; González, 2004; Brown, 2004; Sent, 2005; Callebaut, 2007, p. 77) have written about the importance of Herbert Simon in criticizing the standard (classical and neoclassical) economic model, even considering him a point of inflexion in how the theory has changed when describing and explaining economic decisions. Many of them pay little or no attention to the evolution of this criticism. Other authors (Barros, 2010) have argued that the first writings of Simon are in line with the neoclassical tradition in economy, as opposed to those written later, which are centered on the idea that neoclassic postulates are unrealistic. The objective of this article is to contextualize AB within the epistemological evolution of his research, analyzing some of the elements of his criticism of mainstream economics that were present then, while shedding light on other elements that were absent. This will clarify the role of his first book within the general scope of his empirical philosophy, the true and constant foundation of his theoretical building that gave birth to the models of bounded and procedural rationality, fundamental premise of behavioral economics. This concept, which appeared for the first time in his book Models of Man (Simon, 1957) and its parallel concept of "procedural rationality" (Simon, 1976) were coined by Simon to criticize the theory of rationality of neoclassical econom-


Based on wall microstructure as indicated in thin section and other morphologic features, some new foraminiferal genera are proposed. Magnesoina, a new genus of the Prolixoplectidae, differs from other genera of the family in having the final chambers uniserially arranged. The type species of the genus is Listerella antillarum, The family Prolixoplectidae is emended to include genera with a late uniserial stage. Strtctocostella, a new genus of the Stilostomellidae, differs from other genera of the family by its costate test. The type species of the genus is Ellipsonodosaria modesta prolata. Torulumbonina, a new genus of the Nodosariinae, with type species Frondicularia btkintensis, differs from other genera of the subfamily by its non-palmate chamber arrangement and knob-encircled aperture. Pleuroskelidion, a new genus of the Pleurostomellidae, differs from other genera of the family by its costate test. The type species is Pleuroskelidion unda n. sp. During an examination of Neogene benthic foraminifera from the Rio Grande Rise in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, several new and old species have been discovered that do not fit present generic categories. The proposed genera are variously based on wall structure, as well as internal and external anatomy. The suprageneric classification of Loeblich & Tappan (1984, 1985) is followed with a minor emendation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens from several core levels at a single locality were examined in reflected light, transmitted light, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the test surface, apertural form and position, and the test interior in wholeas well as half-longitudinal and transverse sections. For sectioning, specimens were embedded in Lakeside 70 and carefully ground on 15-μm wet/dry emery paper until the inner structure of the test was exposed. The specimens were then immersed in alcohol overnight to dissolve the Lakeside 70, mounted on a plug, coated with gold, and illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. Micrographs were taken with an ISI Super-111A scanning electron microscope using Polaroid NP 55 film. Photographs were taken with a Leitz Orthomat Research supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship and by an American Chemical Society Fellowship, under ACS PRF Grant 16479-A2 to Helen Tappan Loeblich and Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. Student research grants from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research and the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, and Geological Society of America Research Grant 3640-86 provided for the Polaroid film. National Science Foundation Grant EAR-8306170 to Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. and Helen Tappan Loeblich provided additional support and use of the scanning electron microscope. I also thank A.R.L. and H.T.L. for many consultations and for critically reviewing the manuscript. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 106(2), 139-148. 1987. @ Copyright, 1987, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc.


In statistical process control (SPC), it is usual to assume that counts have a Poisson distribution. The non‐negative, discrete, and asymmetrical character of a control statistic with such a distribution and the value of its target mean may prevent the quality control practitioner to deal with a c‐chart with a pre‐specified in‐control average run length (ARL) or the ability to control not only increases but also decreases in the mean of those counts in a timely fashion. Furthermore, the c‐charts proposed in the SPC literature tend to be ARL‐biased, in the sense that some out‐of‐control ARL values are larger than the in‐control ARL.


Light extraction efficiency (LEE) of GaN-based nanorod blue light-emitting diode (LED) structures is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. When the LEE is calculated for different source positions inside the nanorod, the LEE is found to depend strongly on the source positions and the polarization directions for each source position, implying that the LEE of nanorod LED structures should be evaluated by averaging over source positions and polarization directions for determining the LEE accurately. The averaged LEE of nanorod LED structures is simulated as the radius, the p-GaN thickness, and the n-GaN thickness is varied, and the optimum structural parameters can be obtained. In addition, the far-field pattern is simulated when considering the averaging effects, and the circularly symmetric and uniform emission distribution is obtained.


A new chilled water system of central air conditioning is composed of water chilling unit,chilled water pump,fresh air units and indoor air-conditioner installed in series.The new system was used in an actual project design;through analysis and comparison of the designs,it is concluded that this new technology of central air conditioning chilled water system has the advantages of low cost,energy saving and adaptive ability,and is suitable for the air conditioning system with large temperature difference.


Abstract : A Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE) algorithm is applied to the Variable Stability In-flight Simulator Test Aircraft (VISTA) F-16 at a low dynamic pressure flight condition (0.4 Mach at 20000 ft). A complete F-16 flight control system is modeled containing the longitudinal and lateral-directional axes. Single and dual actuator and sensor failures are simulated including: complete actuator failures, partial actuator failures, complete sensor failures, increased sensor noise, sensor biases, dual complete actuator failures, dual complete sensor failures, and combinations of actuator and sensor failures. Failure scenarios are examined in both maneuvering and straight and level flight conditions. The system performance is characterized when excited by purposeful commands and dither signals. Single scalar residual monitoring techniques are evaluated with suggestions for improved performance. A Kahnan filter is designed for each hypothesized failure condition. In this thesis, thirteen elemental Kalman filters are designed encompassing: a no failure filter, left stabilator failure filter, a right stabilator failure filter, a left flaperon failure filter, a right flaperon failure filter, a rudder failure filter, a velocity sensor failure filter, an angle of attack sensor failure filter, a pitch rate sensor failure filter, a normal acceleration sensor failure filter, a roll rate sensor failure filter, a yaw rate sensor failure filter, and a lateral acceleration sensor failure filter.


General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs) are becoming a promising solution in safety-critical applications, e.g., in the automotive domain. In these applications, reliability and functional safety are relevant factors in the selection of devices to build the systems. Nowadays, many challenges are impacting the implementation of high-performance devices, such as GPGPUs. Moreover, there is the need for effective fault detection solutions to guarantee the correct in-field operation of a GPGPU, such as in the branch management unit, which is one of the most critical modules in this parallel architecture. Faults affecting this structure can heavily corrupt or even collapse the execution of an application on the GPGPU. In this work, we propose a non-invasive Software-Based Self-Test (SBST) solution to detect faults affecting the memory in the branch management unit of a GPGPU. We propose a scalar and modular mechanism to develop the test program as a combination of software functions. The FlexGripPlus model was employed to evaluate the proposed strategies experimentally. Results show that the proposed strategies are effective to test the target structure and detect up to 98% of permanent faults. General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs) are becoming a promising solution in safety-critical applications, e.g., in the automotive domain. In these applications, reliability and functional safety are relevant factors in the selection of devices to build the systems. Nowadays, many challenges are impacting the implementation of high-performance devices, such as GPGPUs. Moreover, there is the need for effective fault detection solutions to guarantee the correct in-field operation of a GPGPU, such as in the branch management unit, which is one of the most critical modules in this parallel architecture. Faults affecting this structure can heavily corrupt or even collapse the execution of an application on the GPGPU. In this work, we propose a non-invasive Software-Based Self-Test (SBST) solution to detect faults affecting the memory in the branch management unit of a GPGPU. We propose a scalar and modular mechanism to develop the test program as a combination of software functions. The FlexGripPlus model was employed to evaluate the proposed strategies experimentally. Results show that the proposed strategies are effective to test the target structure and detect up to 98% of permanent faults.


This report forms part of a long term study focused on a number of streams impacted by water abstraction, in the Environment Agency (EA) Cumbria and Lancashire Area (previously North West region).


was then changed and the OIH study was performed using 300 @Ci (1 1.1 MBq) of OIH given intravenously. Images were recorded every 2 mm for 24 mm with a simultaneous quantitative acquisition framed at 30-sec intervals. For both studies, the images on radiographic film were complemented by computer-generated time activity curves. We calculated individual kidney func tion from the net kidney activity recorded at 2 mm after injection. In order to interpret the OIH study, we evaluated: the intensity of the renal cortical activity at 18 to 24 mm compared to images taken at 2-4 mm (visual analysis); up-slope, peak time, and down-slope of the renal time-activity curve; and the split renal function expressed for each kidney as a percent of the net total counts ofboth kidneys observed at 1-2 mm after injec tion. In normal subjects, the peak cortical activity oc curs at 2 to 5 mm after injection. Visual analysis indicates that normally much less cortical activity is seen at 18 to 24 mm than at 2—4mm after injection. Quantitatively, <30% of the peak activity remains as cortical residual activity at 24 mm. The following analyses were used for the DTPA study: the overall intensity of the renal cortical and collecting system activity during the entire 24-mm period; the shape of the time-activity curves during the up-slope, peak time, and down-slope; and split renal function. In normal subjects the kidneys are well-visu alized with the parenchymal activity peaking at 3 to 5 mm. The renal DTPA activity is symmetric for equally sized kidneys in patients with normal renal function.


ms Ṣanʿāʾ, Dār al-Maḫṭūṭāt 01–27.1, the so called "Ṣanʿāʾ palimpsest", has been the subject of a great deal of discussion since its discovery in 1981.2 The manuscript contains two superimposedQurʾānic texts: anupper text dated to the seventh century or the first half of the eighth century ce, and an earlier lower text.3 I have recently completed an edition and analysis of the Ṣanʿāʾ palimpsest's two layers.4 My edition is based on the natural light and ultraviolet light images of the upper text and the post-processed photos of the lower text. These images were produced by a French-Italian collaborative project between 2002 and


The main objective of this study is to analyze current understanding and needs of consumers, producers and distributors regarding food safety, and propose some policy measures for improving food safety in connection with good agricultural practices. For this study, survey for consumers, distributors and farmers are conducted respectively. At present, most do not know good agricultural practices, but they agree the necessity of good agricultural practices and are willing to pay more. Based on findings, some policy alternatives for food safety and good agricultural practices are suggested.


A method for acquiring detected data of a wearable device and the wearable device. The method comprises: detecting whether or not the wearable device (100) is worn by a user (101), acquiring the detected data of the wearable device (100) during a period of time of wearing within a predetermined period of time, wherein the period of time of wearing is a period of time during which the wearable device (100) is worn by the user, and the detected data is the data related to the physical signs of the user (102), performing a statistical analysis according to the detected data (103) and acquiring analysis results. By acquiring the detected data of the wearable device (100) during the period of time of wearing within the predetermined period of time, the validity of the detected data is improved, so that the results derived from the analysis performed according to the detected data are more accurate, and the user experience is enhanced effectively.


For something so essential to who we are, how we live and learn, how and what we communicate and celebrate, culture is frustratingly amorphous. It undoubtedly puts flesh on the genes of humanity, but is hard to define in the workable short-hand essential to public discussion. The carefully crafted definitions developed by UNESCO, embodied in international agreements and promulgated by scholars, are invaluable - but the tinge of bureaucratic legalism, or academic jargon, makes them too cumbersome for general use.


Dairy products samples were contaminated with variable amounts of heavy metals. Drinking water used to mix infant powdered formula may add cadmium and lead significantly to the concentrations in the ready-made products. The presence of heavy metals in human's diet even in low level, can lead to presence of these metals in human's body by considerable concentration. Metals that cannot be metabolized (as cadmium and lead), persisted in the body and exerted their toxic effect by combining with one or more reactive group essential for normal physiological function and cellular disturbance or clinical manifestations may be appeared. Hence, seventy random samples of some dried milk products (infant powdered milk based formulae) were collected from different markets and pharmacies in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. These samples were collected in their original containers and packets, and transported to the laboratory for estimation of lead (pb), cadmium (cd) and selenium (se) levels. The digest, blanks and standard solutions were aspirated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (VARIAN, model AA240 FS, Australia). The percentage of positive samples for lead, cadmium and selenium was 60, 51.4 and 100%, respectively, in the first type and 48.6, 40 and 100%, respectively, in the second type. The results of positive samples that exceeded the MPL for lead, cadmium and selenium showed in the first type 76.2, 72.2 and 17.1%, respectively, and in the second type 82.4, 57.1 and 2.9%, respectively. The values of the quantities measured weekly (EWI) for lead, cadmium and selenium were in the first type according to the averages 7.546, 4.312 and 0.973 mg / kg of body weight, respectively, while the second type was 3.675, 1.652 and 0.553 mg / kg of body weight.


Future power system is expected to be characterized by increased penetration of intermittent sources. Random and rapid fluctuations in demands together with intermittency in generation impose new challenges for power balancing in the existing system. Conventional techniques of balancing by large central or dispersed generations might not be sufficient for future scenario. One of the effective methods to cope with this scenario is to enable demand response. This paper proposes a dynamic voltage regulation based demand response technique to be applied in low voltage (LV) distribution feeders. An adaptive dynamic model has been developed to determine composite voltage dependency of an aggregated load on feeder level. Following the demand dispatch or control signal, optimum voltage setting at the LV substation is determined based on the voltage dependency of the load. Furthermore, a new technique has been proposed to estimate the voltage at consumer point of connection (POC) to ensure operation within voltage limits. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed comprehensively with reference to three different scenarios on a low voltage (LV) feeder (Borup feeder) owned by Danish electricity distribution company SEAS-NVE.


Professor FANG Dingya,one of the Phase II experts of TCM experience inheritance,is a doctoral supervisor and post-doctoral cooperation instructor of TCM Internal Medicine.He has devoted himself to TCM for nearly 50 years,and is good at treating heart,kidney and rheumatic diseases.Professor FANG treats osteoarthritis in its three stages,taking the lesion site in consideration,usually by promoting blood circulation,improving qi and blood,or benefiting liver and kidney.These treatment principles originate from Professor FANG's academic thoughts of combining disease and syndrome differentiation,selecting special drugs and formulae to special diseases,and consulting modern medical research progresses.This paper describes osteoarthritis in its three stages,and introduces the etiology and pathogenesis,the therapeutic principle,the formulae and additional drugs,and typical cases to the readers.


Overweight and obesity are a growing problem in China but their causes may be differently viewed as a consequence of globalisation and the development of an obesogenic environment or as a consequence of an individual's wellbeing. This paper explores these different explanations and the ways that the problem is addressed in Sino and European policy and TCM practice. The diagnosis of obesity and its treatment by herbs, acupuncture and auricular acupuncture are described but there is a lack of evidence for their efficacy. This paper argues that at an individual level, obesity can be linked to an unhealthy diet and eating practices and a lack of activity. Behavioural changes as well as TCM treatments that address the gastrointestinal digestive function may be effective. Obesity is, however, a complex and global issue that also needs to be recognised as a social problem where the environments in which people live and work will influence their ability to adopt healthier lifestyles. INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity have become a major public health problem in China and it is common now to see problems of underweight, stunting and micronutrient deficiencies alongside obesity. In 2012 the Ministry of Health estimated that 300 million Chinese people are obese in a population of 1.2 billion. Although the proportion of the population classed as obese in China is still lower than in some Western countries such as the USA, it is the rapid increase especially among children that is a particular concern. Data from the China national surveys on the constitution and health of school children showed that the prevalence of obesity in children aged 7-18 years had increased four times in twenty years (Wang Yi et al, 2007). The Global Burden of Disease analysis (Yang et al, 2013) of the health and ill health of nations identified the changing burden of disease in China towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as stroke, ischaemic heart disease, cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the leading risk factors as dietary risks (including high consumption of sodium), high blood pressure, tobacco, and air pollution. One consequence is that diabetes has become a major public Jane Wills and Tingting Liu health crisis in China, with an annual projected cost of 360 billion RMB (almost 60 billion USD) by 2030 and 1:4 people worldwide with diabetes are in China. In addition to affecting the growing elderly population, type 2 diabetes increasingly affects young people, with the combined effect being enormous tolls on productivity and healthcare systems. The explanations for China's recent epidemic of overweight and obesity include changes to the traditional diet, reduced levels of physical activity, and increased sedentary lifestyles. It is commonly described as having a nutrition transition. Recent data from the national surveys of nutrition indicate noticeable changes in the proportions, and sources, of dietary macronutrients over the past twenty years. Energy intake from animal sources has increased by a third and that of cereals decreased by a third in twenty years, and the average energy intake from dietary fat among urban Chinese has increased from 25 per cent to 35 per cent (which is above the upper limit of 30 per cent recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)). As with all transitions, there are positive and negative effects. On the one hand, there is improved food security: for poor individuals a few extra grams of animal-source foods can significantly improve the micronutrient profile of food consumed. On the other hand, excessive consumption of animal-source foods is linked with excessive saturated fat intake and increased mortality. This is often described as the dual burden for nutrition and may be apparent even in households where high quality foods may be given preferentially to adult males or to children in the wake of the one-child population control strategy. China's modernisation has meant changes to food supply with globalised food production, transportation and marketing and consequent access to many new empty calorie foods and beverages. There are reductions in physical activity and labour intensity in both urban and rural areas. People are expending less energy on traditional forms of transportation such as walking and cycling, and the popularity of cars, buses, and motorcycles is increasing.


This paper aims to replicate the operation of an experienced operator for a water supply system. The steering groups of water supply systems face problems due to the decreasing number of experienced operators. Without the skill of experienced operators, it is difficult to carry out safe and stable operation. For this purpose, regression analysis was adapted to replicate the operation of an experienced operator. To resolve the regression problem of knowledge acquisition and decreasing number of experienced operators, partial least squares was used. By using the proposed method, operation in accordance with the state of the water distributions is possible. From the evaluation by using objective functions, it turned out that the operation of the proposed method reflects the policy of the target operation. In addition, experimental results show that the root mean square (RMS) of water level and water conveyances of the proposed method was smaller than RMS of the conventional method. From these results, the proposed method can acquire and regenerate the operation knowledge of an experienced operator.


Acknowledgements Contributors Editors introduction Section I: Grecian 2000 1. Friedrich Kittler The God of Ears (Translated by Paul Feigelfeld and Anthony Moore) 2. John Durham Peters Assessing Kittler s Musik und Mathematik 3. Stephen Sale Thinking By Numbers: the role of mathematics in Kittler and Heidegger 4. Geoffrey Winthrop-Young Siren Recursions 5. Friedrich Kittler Preparing the Arrival of the Gods Section II: Our Writing Tools are also Working on our Thoughts 6. Steven Connor Scilicet: Kittler, Media and Madness 7. Katherine Biers The Typewriter s Truth 8. Gill Partington Films in Books/Books in Film: Fahrenheit 451 and the Media Wars Section III: Theorising New Media 9. Alexander R. Galloway If the Cinema Is an Ontology, the Computer Is an Ethic 10. Caroline Bassett Staring into the Sun 11. Mark B. N. Hansen Symbolising Time: Kittler and 21st Century Media Notes Translated by Paul Feigelfeld and Anthony Moore


Centralized Vehicle Security System is a python-based computer application, that uses Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect and recognize the driver's face. So that only authorized personnel of an organization can drive the vehicles. With the invention of many other features like a key-card entry that will unlock the car and start the ignition of the vehicle, no requirement for keys. The application software will keep track of the vehicle. Also, the authors have developed a drowsiness detection system that has been implemented on the same motherboard using python and OpenCV to prevent major accidents on the road. The obtained results of proposed approach are convincing and promising.


With the continuous development of economic globalization and the furious competition of market, the need of logistics service is increasing continuously. At the same time, the requirement of its service level and quality is stricter. Virtual Logistics Enterprise (VLE) is becoming the realistic choice for many enterprises. VLE usually meet the partners' selection problems before it is founded. How to choose appropriate partners is an important problem within the VLE. According to some former research results and the characteristic of the logistics enterprise, authors established an evaluating guide system for VLE based on the validity of partners' combination. The authors also established a two-phase partners' selection model: first selection based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and second selection based on Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithms. Finally, we give the results which shows the genetic simulated annealing algorithms are better than other algorithms and more suitable to these issues.


Geoeconomic and geopolitical risks of Russian energy security in North-East Asia in conditions of international sanctions and allowing international investment for development the potential of East Siberia and Far Eastern region are analyzing. Threats, challenges and limits of joint potential of integration processes in North-East Asia with a models of energy security in the region are taking into consideration. Effectiveness of Russian strategy in bilateral and multilateral formats and potential benefits of Russia and China cooperation on the Far East are estimating. Perspectives of common energy projects in North-East Asia, as according the national interests of Russia in realization energy strategy in Asia are analyzing.


The rolling motion analysis of ships or other marine structures is of paramount importance. However, one of the thorniest issues in the analysis is the determination of roll damping. The main objective of this work is to apply the Partial Least-Squares regression into the Bass Energy Method and Roberts Method, which are used for the identification of non-linear roll damping parameters. When the number of sample points decreases due to limitations of the experimental conditions and other factors, the differences between the results obtained from Partial Least-Squares Regression and from traditional Least-Squares method demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.


.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4 Scope of Research ............................................................................................................... 5 Importance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 6 Connection to Program Essential Question. ............................................................... 6 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................ 6 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 7 Shared Leadership ...............................................................................................................8 Collaboration .................................................................................................................... 14 Trust .................................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 3: Summary ..................................................................................................................... 23 Review of the Proposed Problem ...................................................................................... 24 Importance of the Principal's Role in School Climate ...................................................... 24 Summary of the Main Points of the Literature Review .................................................... 24 Chapter 4: Discussion and Application......................................................................................... 27 Insights Gained from the Review of Research ................................................................. 27 Application to the Principal Role ...................................................................................... 28 Recommendations for Future Research ............................................................................ 31 References ..................................................................................................................................... 33


Objective To study the CT and MRI findings of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. Methods The imaging data of 17 cases with hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. CT was performed in 14 cases, MRI in 16 cases, of which 15 also underwent contrast-enhanced MRI. Results All 17 lesions with well-circumscribed margin originated in the areas of maxillary sinus ostia and extended into adjacent nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. The lesions appeared as lobular shape in 16 cases and oval shape in 1 case. On non-enhanced CT, 14 lesions showed heterogenous soft tissue density masses, the hyperdense strip and nodule were detected on the periphery and in the center of 2 lesions respectively. All the involved bony walls were compressed and remodeled with focal defect,especially in the medial wall of maxillary sinus. On MRI, all 16 lesions revealed inhomogenous signal. The central region of the lesions appeared hypointense signal on T_1WI compared to gray matter and hyperintense signal on T_2WI with line-like hypointense signal septa in 14 cases, the irregular hypointense signal rims were also found on the periphery of 15 lesions on T_2WI, postcontrast MR imaging showed strongly inhomogenous enhancing masses with non-enhancing hypointense rim, the appearances of enhancement showed multiple nodules in 10 cases, patches in 4 cases and leaf-like in 1 case. The typical simple polyps were present in the ipsilateral nasal cavity of the lesions in 4 cases, extending into nasal vestibule anteriorly and choana posteriorly. On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in 11 cases, the timeintensity curves (TIC) showed increasing enhancement type in 7 cases and rapid enhancement and slow wash-out type in 4 cases. Conclusion The inhomogenous hyperintensity surrounded by the peripheral hypointense rim on MR T_2WI and marked nodular and patchy enhancement appearance are typical features of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. CT is helpful to judge the nature of lesions, but difficultly confirms the diagnosis, while MRI should be the imaging modality of first choice for hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps.

Key words:
Paranasal sinus;  Polyp;  Tomography, X-ray computed;  Magnetic resonance imaging


Implications for practice and research: Behavioural interventions can reduce maternal, fetal and neonatal obstetric and weight-related risks. Good-quality research is required to inform the development of behavioural interventions to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for short-term and long-term health outcomes.


In this paper, results of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow velocity fields in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are presented. The measurements were carried out for various densities of submicron dust. The ESP was an acrylic parallelepiped with a wire discharge electrode, placed perpendicularly to the main flow, and two plate collecting electrodes. The positive DC voltage was applied to the wire electrode. The PIV measurements were carried out in an observation plane set perpendicularly to the wire electrode at its half-length. The obtained results show that the general shape of the flow patterns at different dust densities is similar in the bulk of the flow. However, the flow velocity and the level of its turbulence strongly depend on the dust density, in particular in the region around the wire electrode. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The dance practice of the Banat Serbs has been significantly investigated
 within the ethnochoreology in Serbia. Although a lot of data have been
 recorded, ethnographic papers about dancing within the wedding ritual of the
 Banat Serbs are imprecise considering the positioning of the particular
 dances diachronically and synchronically. Beside that, intensive
 intercultural processes which have been shaping traditional practice of this
 multi-ethnic and multicultural region has been neglected. Using the
 ethnographic literature, and, in a greater measure, relying upon data
 collected within field research of this region (which I started in 1994), I
 will present comprehensive ethnography of dancing within the wedding ritual
 of the Serbs and focus on the identification of the intercultural drifts
 which shaped traditional cultural practice of the Banat. [Projekat
 Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177024: Muzicka i igracka tradicija
 multietnicke i multikulturne Srbije]


The increasing availability of object-base d video content requires new technologies for automatically extracting and matching of the low level features of arbitraril y shaped video. In this paper, methods for shape retrieval o f arbitrarily shaped video objects are proposed. Along with still hape features the shape deformations that may occur in an object' s life span is also taken. In this paper a novel method is used fo r measuring shape similarities between arbitrarily shaped video objects by comparing the low-level still shape features of the representative frames of the video objects. Keypads:object-based, video, extracting, shape similarities, video objects.


Osteopontin is an arginine-glycine–aspartate (RGD) containing adhesive glycoprotein first identified in bone but subsequently detected in many other tissues, including, dentin, cartilage, kidney, and vascular tissues.1–3 It is expressed by a wide variety of inflammatory cells (eg, macrophages, T lymphocytes, NK cells), and, to a lesser extent, by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The RGD domain facilitates tissue binding of osteopontin to various extracellular matrix proteins, such as αvβ3 integrin and fibronectin. Additionally, osteopontin may engage CD44 through an RGD-independent mechanism. In extracellular fluids, osteopontin functions as a cytokine, and its plasma levels are increased in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.4 The diverse biological actions of osteopontin could potentially regulate many processes pertinent to vascular disease, including inflammation, cell adhesion, viability, angiogenesis, and calcification (Figure).5,6 Such actions may underlie its presumed role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and in modulating arteriopathy associated with diabetes and chronic renal failure (reviewed by Johnson et al7). Of relevance to the present topic, Bruemmer et al reported that deletion of osteopontin reduced formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in mice infused with angiotensin II.8

Overview of potential mechanisms whereby osteopontin may bind to extracellular matrix proteins (eg, integrin) and adhesion molecules (eg, CD44) to regulate vascular disease.

See page 655

Conceptually, it is logical to presume that osteopontin would contribute to the pathogenesis of AAA. First, in experimental models and in humans, AAA are characterized by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and induction of proinflammatory cytokines.9–12 Osteopontin can positively regulate these processes through several mechanisms. Second, the inflammatory milieu of AAA is associated …


Gray, with Kodwo Eshun, conceived, edited and wrote the Introduction of this special issue of Third Text. It brings together new international research on the aesthetics and cine-cultural politics of the non-aligned liberation struggles and revolutions of the late 20th century. The collected essays construct an alternative cartography of cine-cultural practices. Gray and Eshun call into question the present political constitution through critical analysis and artistic responses to the aesthetics of tri-continental liberation. Following the work of Okwui Enwezor, Kristin Ross and Nicole Brenez, among others, they argue for new theoretical vocabularies through which to analyse and articulate the subjectivities, aesthetics and strategies of militant filmmaking in order to map a transnational public sphere constituted through affiliation to tri-continental politics and experimental film language.
The issue includes new translations and reprints of key texts and manifestos selected by the editors, and theorises how the digital afterlives of militant films can re-animate moments of political intensity, renewing their relevance to contemporary art. 'The militant image', contributes to an important emergent body of work by artists, filmmakers and curators (including Hito Steyerl, The Otolith Group and Renee Green), retrieving and re-assessing militant avant-garde work to function as a resource for contemporary, anti-capitalist artistic activity.
The publication was the first step in Gray's current curatorial research project, which includes co-organising a series of related international conferences, including 'The Paths to Revolt: Cinema, Images and Revolutions', Musee du quai Branly, Paris (2011); 'The Militant Image' series of screenings and discussions in collaboration with The Otolith Group, Iniva, London (2011); and 'The Militant Image II – Insubordinate Acts – Two Films by Manuel Faria de Almeida', Iniva, London (2012). Gray has delivered numerous lectures on the subject, notably as part of the Cinematic Migrations public lecture series curated by Renee Green at MIT, USA (2012).


Knowledge acquisition techniques have been well researched in the data mining community. Such techniques, especially when used for unsupervised learning, often generate a large quantity of rules and patterns. While many rules generated are useful and interesting, some information is not captured by those rules, such as already known patterns, coincidental patterns and patterns with no significant value for the real world applications. Sustaining the interestingness of rules generated by data mining algorithm is an active and important area of data mining research. Different methods have been proposed and have been well examined for discovering interestingness in rules. These measures often only reflect the interestingness with respect to the database being observed, and as such the rules will satisfy the constrains with respect to the sample data only, but not with respect to the whole data distribution. Therefore, one can still argue the usefulness of the rules and patterns with respect to their use in practical problems. As the data mining techniques are naturally data driven, it would benefit to affirm the generated hypothesis with a statistical methodology. In our research, we investigate how to combine data mining and statistical measurement techniques to arrive at more reliable and interesting set of rules. Such a combination is greatly essential to conquer the data overload in practical problems. A real world data set is used to explore the ways in which one can measure and verify the usefulness of rules from data mining techniques using statistical analysis.


The background of this research was the awareness of workers in North Sumatera Province in becoming BPJS in Manpower participants was still low. It is influenced by many factors, and one of them is satisfaction with the service which is the key factor in creating customer loyalty. The objective of the research was to find out some factors which influenced the level of satisfaction with developing loyalty in BPJS in Manpower participants Sumbagut Area Office. The research used correlation research method. The population was all BPJS in Manpower participants who had completed their JHT claims to the Branch Offices in Medan Raya, and 90 of them were used as the samples. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research showed that, simultaneously, there was significant influence of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy on customer loyalty. Partially, of the five variables, only tangible and responsiveness which had significant influence on employees' performance, while reliability, assurance, and empathy did not.


ABSTRACT This paper describes parallel computing approach for simulating turbulent flows using a moment base lattice Boltzmann method. The distribution functions of the lattice Boltzmann method are expressed by corresponding moments. Choosing proper relaxation times for higher order moments, a minimum numerical dissipation is implicitly added to stabilise the method at high Reynolds numbers. Validation of the method is made by computing free decaying periodic turbulent flows and fully developed turbulent channel flows on a GPU platform. Though the present method requires additional work to calculate the higher order moments, it is shown that additional computational cost is negligible in the GPU computing. The numerical results stably obtained for the turbulent flows are in good agreement with those of a pseudo-spectral method and corresponding DNS database.


José Ortega y Gasset is the only Spanish philosopher whose name is generally known to a wider international public. He belongs to the earlier European tradition associated with the eighteenth-century French "philosophes" characterised by broad intellectual and social interests and a talent for writing well. He also embodies the typical situation of Spanish intellectuals whose lives, up to these last twenty or thirty years, have always been marked by the economic and political backwardness of the their country. Despite his huge popularity in Spanish-speaking countries over many decades, his work is not as well known as one might think, neither in Spain nor in the rest of Europe. The two main reasons may be that he had a broad range of interests so that his work does not today belong to a specific field and, secondly, that he had powerful enemies within different spheres in Spain who were less interested in his philosophical and sociological ideas than in examining him from the standpoint they considered to be politically correct. 4 CFE Working paper series no. 18 5 José Ortega y Gasset José Ortega y Gasset – The Spanish philosopher who saw life as an intellectual adventure José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) is probably the most important intellectual that Spain has ever had, and his success as a journalist, lecturer and philosopher in Spain and in Latin America began with Meditations on Quixote (Meditaciones del Quijote 1914) and lasted up to the Spanish Civil War when his life, like that of so many others, underwent a complete change. The life and work of this short, thin and talkative gentleman are relatively unknown even to academics, though there has been a renewed interest in his works in Spain during recent years. The present study has adopted the focus of the intellectual biography and will begin by outlining his life, continue by underlining the most interesting concepts elaborated by Ortega and showing the breadth of his interests, and ending with an overview of the current evaluation of his work. To study Ortega from this perspective is also to follow his own way of working, as he himself has talked about life as a fusion of thinking and action, of deciding what you want to become, your mission, and your curriculum vitae. Both Ortega's own experiences, his personal taste and his intellectual pursuits were oriented towards Spain and things Spanish, and he saw as his mission putting the Spanish intellectual public in contact with "Europe". This preoccupation should be understood as a consequence of Ortega's awareness of the fact that other countries in Western Europe were culturally more advanced than Spain. In a work on Ortega the Spanish philosopher Abellán writes that Ortega knew different parts of Spain from his early childhood (Abellán 2000). His family was from Madrid but lived for a while in Cordoba, and Ortega went to school both in Malaga and in the Basque Country. The summers were spent in El Escorial near Madrid but also in the Basque Country. Members of his family had a country estate outside Madrid and, at a very early age, he became quite knowledgeable about things like bullfighting and hunting. Later he loved to travel in Spain by car, visiting different regions. All his life, he loved conversation and walking, and he often used to elaborate his ideas when walking and talking to friends, or to himself. When the publication of La revista de Occidente was interrupted at the beginning of the Civil War, the informal reunions that used to take place in the office of the 6 CFE Working paper series no. 18 review were also discontinued, a circumstance that was almost as difficult for Ortega as the loss of a journal of his own in which to publish his articles. Ortega was born into a family with pronounced cultural interests and he very early chose a life of study and in particular the study of philosophy. After completing his studies in Spain, he decided to travel to Germany where he undertook a heavy programme of studies including German, classical Greek, mathematics and, especially, philosophy. After his first stay, he returned twice more in order to acquire more learning and to come into contact with the best philosophers of the day. He tried to bridge the gap between Spanish and other European intellectuals, and later he tried to fill that same role for Argentina. Like no other Spanish intellectual of his time, Ortega represents the ideal of profound learning combined with cultural contacts between Spain and other countries. Ortega published an enormous number of essays and also initiated and participated in different activities in order to raise the level of Spain's intellectual life and public debate. Before World War I, he was one of the two founders of The League of Political Education and also of La revista de Occidente, that was published between 1923 and 1936 and later revived by his son José Ortega Spottorno. He started La Biblioteca de las ideas del siglo XX in Espasa Calpe, a series that had an enormous impact on intellectual life in Spanish-speaking countries. After World War II, he founded The Institute of Humanities in Madrid, one of the most important cultural initiatives in Spain in those days, even if it did not prosper (Dobson 1989). In developing countries, intellectuals must always exercise their skill in many fields due to the fact that there is often a shortage of specialists in all areas. In this situation, intellectuals have been at the same time writers, essayists, journalists, teachers and politicians. These widespread activities can either prove an enriching experience or, conversely, an example of dilettantism, forced on them in a particular historical situation. These intellectuals find themselves in narrow intellectual worlds, dominated by political passions. What makes Ortega different from many other intellectuals is his resolve to become a great thinker and also his success in prolonging his period of study and in putting off his entrance onto the labour market until after he had acquired a solid basis of knowledge in philosophy. He became a "maestro", a professor for young people, as he intended, with the aim of increasing the number of people who understood public matters. The "Prologue for Germans", written as an introduction to The Revolt of 7 José Ortega y Gasset the Masses (La rebelión de las masas) is considered to be his most important autobiographical text. Here Ortega comments on his own situation, saying that as a Spanish intellectual you must be prepared to fill all kinds of roles and that you can never escape Spain as a problem. These characteristics are also those of the authors in the so called "generation of 98", one of the most distinguished groups in Spanish literary history. Like many others, Ortega has described the members of this group as being so different from one anther that they had no common way of thinking that could justify expressions like "generation" or "member". Ortega knew these writers personally and wrote articles on several of them. After starting out by professing great youthful admiration for Unamuno, the foremost intellectual of the group, he later distanced himself from him, while as regards the novelist Pío Baroja he wrote that the Basque writer was absolutely incapable of any systematic effort, a comment that, coming from Ortega, is damning (Ortega 1962: 480, 499). Ortega had thus several traits in common with the typical Hispanic intellectual of his times. He devoted himself to many activities at the same time, he wrote on a wide variety of topics and his main preoccupation was the development and modernisation of his country. What is unusual is his philosophical background, his orientation towards intellectual life outside Spain, in countries like Germany, France and Great Britain, and of course the personal brilliance of his ideas and his style. The following pages will show the range and extent of his interests, the coherence between the positions he adopted on different topics and the value currently accorded to his work by critics.


Mainly uses literature methods,investigation and study and other scientific research methods.Through a series of performance such as the quality of teaching of sports,physical education reform,quality education, exercise capacity,physical and psychological development,socical sports,life-long sports and the National Fitness,carried on the detailed investigation and empirical analysis,and arrived at a scientific and reasonable conclusion,in order to provide sports educational reform the reference in the university of Heilongjiang.


The faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a bandwidth-efficient technology which has drawn much attention recently. Since the symbols appear too fast, inter-symbol interference (ISI) is inevitable at the receiver. As the ISI introduced by FTN is intentional and controlled, unlike traditional methods, this paper separates the ISI introduced by FTN and channel. So for the FTN communication system, only ISI cancellation for FTN is added and other parts remain unchanged. Analysis and simulation results show that this scheme is feasible and can be easily realized.


Can blastocyst first expansion time after thawing, complete expansion, and morphology evaluated by time-lapse technology predict implantation?

 Lower blastocyst expansion time after thawing and higher blastocyst quality assessed at the time of transfer are associated with a higher probability of clinical pregnancy

 Conflicting results have been published concerning the time of first and complete re-expansion of blastocyst after thawing or its quality and the attainment of pregnancy. Some studies reported no differences in pregnancy rate (PR) with different re-expansion duration, whereas other retrospective studies identified the degree of re-expansion, assessed within 6 hours after thawing, as the best predictor. Similarly, both studies reporting associations and non-associations between blastocyst morphology and PR have been published.

 We prospectively evaluated the time of first and complete expansion and quality grade of 141 homologous single blastocysts after thawing and relate the results to PR. The enrolled patients had a mean age of 38.7 ± 5.4 years. Morphokinetic parameters were evaluated using the Embryoscope time-lapse system. The study is currently ongoing.

 The study was conducted on 141 patients iundergoing homologous PMA cicles. Time lapse Embryoscope was used to assess post-thawing morphokinetic parameters as possible early markers of successful implantation. Time to first trophectoderm expansion, time and morphology two hours after thawing, and time and morphology of the blastocyst at the time of transfer were evaluated and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical package 28.0.

 Both time of first (TfE) and maximum (TmE) blastocyst expansion were associated with a higher probability of pregnancy. Median TfE in women achieving pregnancy was 0.97 hours (range: 0.29-2.2) vs 1,4 (range 0.2-3.3) in those not achieving pregnancy (p < 0.001). Similarly, TmE was lower in pregnant women (p < 0.05). When blastocyst expansion occurred within 2 h, a PR of 71% was obtained vs 16% in women where expansion was post-poned (p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that a TfE of 1,19h predicted attainment of pregnancy with an accuracy of 75%, a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% (p < 0.001). Blastocyst quality was found as another independent predictor of attainment of pregnancy. PR resulted of 21, 31,5 and 63,3% respectively with 0, 1 and 2 grade of blastocyst quality (p < 0.001, OR = 7.7).

 Our study is preliminary and to draw firm conclusions, a higher number of blastocysts should be evaluated. The study is ongoing. Statistical correction for partners semen quality should be also performed.

 Our preliminary results showed that TfE, TmE after thawing, and blastocyst quality are predictors of pregnancy achievement. Our study suggests that time lapse technology is useful for predicting pregnancy with good accuracy when transfer is performed after blastocyst freezing.

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Several recent papers have investigated different challenges in applying machine learning (ML) techniques to Earth science problems. The challenges listed range from interpretability of the results to computational demand to data issues. In this paper, we focus on specific challenges listed in the review papers that are centered around training data, as the size of training data is important in applying deep learning (DL) techniques. We are in the process of conducting a literature survey to better understand these challenges as well as to understand any trends. As part of this survey, our review has encompassed Earth science papers from AGU, AMS, IEEE and SPIE journals covering the last ten years and focused on papers that utilize supervised ML techniques.


BZ: At the16th conference of the Party,Jiang Zemin restates that we must adhere to initiative education and educate initiative talents,which is the needs of China's entering WTO and significant countermeasure for meeting the challenge of science and technology.In order to make Chinese universities and colleges suuessfal,we must renew our educational concepts,develop teaching democracy,create favorable teaching environment,make a rich initiative atmosphere and standardize the criterion of talents.


Abstract Two major strategies are used to identify genes that are involved in complex traits, genome scanning and candidate gene approaches. While a quantitative trait locus (QTL) strategy relies on a scan of the entire genome combined with phenotypic measurements, a candidate gene approach tries to identify genes based on their possible role in the physiology of the traits. Both strategies are based on the integration between quantitative and molecular approaches. Over the last decade, enormous effort has been applied to identify and localize QTL involved in most of the economically important traits in pigs and a number of candidate genes were suggested and further validated according to a concordant position to the detected QTL and related functions. However, lacking of information in regards to identified genes within the identified QTL, and false-positive QTL are major constraints that limit the successful of this approach. Additional approaches, including a gene expression analysis of the divergence of phenotype of interest was integrated into a candidate gene analysis, in which a putative candidate gene is the one that could be statistically detected from the genes controlling large components of inheritable gene expression variation Furthermore, a remarkable progress of molecular approaches by newly developed technique, a study of an interaction between genes and a holistic study of biological regulation, system biology, is underway. These continuations will assist the researchers to identify direct candidate gene for quantitative traits in animal breeding.


Objective To investigate CT findings of retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma. Methods CT findings of 4 patients with pathologically proved retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma were reviewed retrospectively. Results Isolated large heterogenous soft-tissue mass was found in 3 cases with massive calcifications (3 cases) and fat-dense areas (1 case).Multiple nodules were found in 1 case with homogeneous dense.Tumour recurrence in 2 cases,recurrence on tumor bed in 1 case,extensive peritoneal metastasis in 1 case.The spot or massive areas of calcification were showed within the lesions of all recurrent tumors.Soft-tissue component of all masses were showed mild or moderate enhancement on contrast-enhance CT scans. Conclusion The tumor showed isolated large soft-tissue mass with irregular massive calcifications and fat-dense,soft-tissue component enhanced,which were considered to be typical CT findings of retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma.There was no difference between recurrent and primary tumor on CT findings.Soft-tissue masses without calcification could not be differentiated from other mesenchymal tumors.Peritoneal implants shoud be identified from peritoneal implants of ovarian cancer with calcification.


Lured by the attractions and pleasures of things material, we may be tempted to make our stay on earth permanent. Thus instead of just buying food and drink from a roadside store or staying overnight in a lodging house only to move on the next day, we buy both the store and the house and live there. We then focus our attention on the acquisition of wealth, power and fame. When this happens, we have lost sight of the very reason why we are on earth -- pilgrims on the march.


Studies from a range of disciplinary perspectives have highlighted how the public rhetoric of the Bush administration has shaped the representation of the conflict which has followed 9/11. However, the literature in this area raises but does not itself address the question of how the administration's use of 'terror', 'terrorism' and 'terrorist(s)' contributes to this representation. This paper addresses the question by providing a preliminary analysis of how these terms participate in the grammar of twelve of George W. Bush's speeches since 9/11. Drawing on Systemic Functional Grammar, the analysis suggests that 'terror' has become interchangeable with 'terrorism' and 'terrorist(s)', resulting in the personification of 'terror' as an abstract agent. The implications of this construction are explored in relation to the literature on the rhetoric associated with the 'war on terror'.


Speculation as totheidentity ofSignal II,thelight-induced, broad,slow decaying electron spin resonancesignal withhyperfine structure observed inphotosynthetic materials, hastended to center on thesemiquinone ofplastoquinone. Experiments reported herewere designed to givedirect evidence bearing on thatspeculation. Heptaneextraction oflipids fromlyophilized spinach andtobacco chloroplast fragments reduced theamplitude ofSignalII andincreased theratio ofSignal I:Signal II.Reconstitution ofthesystembytheaddition of plastoquinone partially restored Signal II as wellas theratio ofSignal I:Signal II to its pre-extraction condition. Addition oftotally deuterated plastoquinone toextracted chloroplasts inwhichconsiderable Signal II hadsurvived heptane extraction resulted ina speotrumwhich showedthecharacteristic hallmarks ofSignal II observed intotally deuterated organisms. Theseresults establish thata freeradical immediately derived fromplastoquinone contributes toSignal II. Thedatatakenbythemselves areconsistent withplastochromanoxyl as wellas plastosemiquinone freeradicals giving risetoSignal II. Othercontributors to Signal II are notruled out.


Objective:To understand the influence of rh IFN γ on the ability of curcumin to kill HL 60 cells in vitro Methods:The myeloid leukemia cell line HL 60 was studied using cell culture,MoAbBrdu,flow cytometry and TUNEL method Results:The data showed curcumin inhibited proliferation of leukemia cells in a dose dependent manner When HL 60 cells were treated with 25 μmol/L curcumin for 24 hours,the proliferative inhibitory rate was 43 75%±2 00% This effect could be enhanced obviously by IFN γ,the combined proliferative inhibitory rate increased to over 80% The 5 Brdu incoraportion rate and the distribution of DNA content were analyzed The results indicated curcumin could arrest cells in the G 1/G 0 and G 2/M phase of cell cycle At the same time,the sub G 1 peak (apoptotic peak) appeared After IFN γcombined with curcumin,DNA synthesis rate decreased further It had significant difference with singal drug group (P 0 05) Meanwhile,it companied with the enhancement of sub G 1 peak The percent of TUNEL positive cells was aslo increased Conclusion:IFN γcan enhance the antiproferative capacity of curcumin against HL 60 cells


Polar cap absorption (PCA) events recorded dur- ing November 2001 are investigated by observations of iono- spheric absorption of a 30 MHz riometer installed at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica), and of solar proton flux, monitored by the NOAA-GOES8 satellite in geo-synchronous orbit. During this period three solar proton events (SPE) on 4, 19 and 23 November occurred. Two of these are among the dozen most intense events since 1954 and during the cur- rent solar cycle (23rd), the event of 4 November shows the greatest proton flux at energies >10 MeV. Many factors con- tribute to the peak intensity of the two SPE biggest events, one is the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) speed, other factors are the ambient population of SPE and the shock front due to the CME. During these events absorption peaks of several dB ( 20 dB) are observed at Terra Nova Bay, tens of minutes after the impact of fast halo CMEs on the geomagnetic field. Results of a cross-correlation analysis show that the first hour of absorption is mainly produced by 84-500 MeV pro- tons in the case of the 4 November event and by 15-44 MeV protons for the event of 23 November, whereas in the entire event the contribution to the absorption is due chiefly to 4.2- 82 MeV (4 November) and by 4.2-14.5 MeV (23 November). Good agreement is generally obtained between observed and calculated absorption by the empirical flux-absorption rela- tionship for threshold energy E0=10 MeV. From the residu- als one can argue that other factors (e.g. X-ray increases and geomagnetic disturbances) can contribute to the ionospheric absorption.


Proceedings of the National Conference on Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, November 5-7, 1996. Volume I - Inauguration and deliberations.


According to the disquotationalist theory of truth, the Tarskian equivalences, conceived as axioms, yield all there is to say about truth. Several authors have claimed that the expression of infinite conjunctions and disjunctions is the only purpose of the disquotationalist truth predicate. The way in which infinite conjunctions can be expressed by an axiomatized truth predicate is explored and it is considered whether the disquotationalist truth predicate is adequate for this purpose.


Network policies that offer vital functionalities are often organized in a chain. Current practice either assumes proper policy chains as a prior or relies on simple syntax-based input-output analysis. This paper examines and addresses several difficulties with this approach --- context-dependent policy interaction, unnecessarily coupled policies, and policies that must be jointly examined, proposing database integrity constraints as a means towards a semantic-based finer solution. Built on a unified logical framework to describe and reason about policy chains, our database solution gives (1) criteria that derive correct policy chain with a more accurate estimate of policy dependency, and (2) criteria that check and obtain atomic policy, unit of policy that is proper for policy chain.


The European Union is tackling its regional economic disparities. This task is being undertaken through a multi -level approach, where the regions, countries and supra -national level of the European Union are all involved. The article evaluates the impact of regional policy on the process of decentralisation. The concept of regional policy is based on multi level cooperation and the interaction of players in regions and at national level. It introduces an effective subsidiary of decision-making related to development and could thus contribute to decentralising the decision -making process. The paper comes to the conclusion that the implementation of regional policy at the EU level is contribute to the decentralisation of decision making in the Member States of the EU.