Interference effects constrain scalability performance of ad hoc networks as Gupta and Kumar (Gupta & Kumar, 2000) showed that the throughput capacity of a fixed wireless network decreases when the number of total nodes � increases. More specifically, they showed that the node throughput decreases approximately like 1 √� ⁄ . Grossglauser and Tse (Grossglauser & Tse, 2001) presented a two-phase packet forwarding technique for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), utilizing multiuser diversity (Knopp & Humblet, 1995), in which a source node transmits a packet to the nearest neighbor, and that relay delivers the packet to the destination when this destination becomes the closest neighbor of the relay. The scheme was shown (Grossglauser & Tse, 2001) to increase the throughput capacity of MANETs, such that it remains constant as the number of users in the network increases, taking advantage that communication among nearest nodes copes the interference due to farther nodes.


Although many managers receive training in workplace coaching skills in order to enhance employees' performance and facilitate organizational change, little is known about managers' perceptions of the costs and benefits of adopting workplace coaching behaviors. This study explored the relationships between workplace coaching skills and the perceived costs and benefits of adopting coaching skills from a Stages of Change perspective. This is the first study to examine these issues. Participants were 99 executives and managers from a range of occupations. Findings were broadly as predicated by the Transtheoretical Model of Change. Individuals in the early stages of adopting coaching behaviors had lower self-efficacy and lower coaching skills than those in the latter stages. The perceived benefits of adopting coaching behaviors did not differ across different stages of change. The perceived costs of adopting coaching behaviors were significantly lower in the latter stages of change, but findings suggest that it takes about six months before the perceived benefits of adopting coaching behaviors outweigh the perceived costs. Disaffected managers held higher perceptions of the benefits of coaching, and there was no relationship between coaching behaviors and workplace wellbeing. It is recommended that managers of coach training programs explicitly address ways to overcome barriers to adopting coaching behaviors, rather than primarily promoting the benefits of workplace coaching. Organizations should give ongoing learning support to those who have recently completed workplace coaching training, in order to help them persevere through the initial adjustment period as they consolidate and develop their coaching skills.


The development of water birds research in China is briefly introduced in the paper,including the current status of fauna distribution,community ecology and number,ethology,habitat,migration.Some aspects what we should pay more attention about waterfowl researching of China in the future were also proposed.


The invention relates to a wireless detection system for residual amount of tea for a conference. The wireless detection system comprises teacup bases placed on a conference table and a receiving device placed in a tea room, wherein each teacup base mainly comprises a tray, a pressure sensor, a button battery, a microprocessor and a wireless transmission module; the teacup bases are made of PVC plastics and are used for detecting the residual amount of the tea in the teacups and sending the information of the residual amount of the tea to the receiving device in the tea room; the receiving device in the tea room comprises a wireless transmission module, a microprocessor, a display screen, a battery and a keyboard; the receiving device in the tea room is used for processing the information sent by each teacup base and displaying the information of the residual amount of the tea in each teacup on the display screen. According to the wireless detection system for the residual amount of the tea for the conference, the teacup bases are powered by the button batteries, so that the teacup bases are high in mobility; by virtue of the adoption of the wireless transmission technology, service workers can know the residual amount of the tea in each teacup of the overall conference place by not personally going to the positions of the teacups, thereby greatly facilitating the improvement of the service level.


Priority learners in New Zealand include thosewho have special educational needs, yet gifted learners with multiple exceptionalities arevariably identified, understood or provided forin our schools. International research advocatesthe use of interprofessional practice (IPP) teams,with competency across shared values, roles and responsibilities, communication, and teamwork, to support gifted learners with multiple exceptionalities. This study explored the experiences and understandings of IPP teams supporting students with multiple exceptionalities in New Zealand. The study found that IPP team identity is still in its infancy and core competencies are still evolving. Shared values towards inclusive practices were hampered by limited knowledge and expertise across the IPP team. Limited understandings of teamwork processes and limited recognition of the importance of communication within the IPP team were also common themes. Parents and students were typically not recognised
as part of the IPP team identity and processes. The article concludes that gifted learners with multiple exceptionalities may not have adequate support at a systems level, and development of interprofessional practice competencies may be one way to ensure their full inclusion in our education system. Implications for policy and practice are described.


The characteristics of fluid film bearings are speed- dependent. Recently it is discussed more and more, that the characteristics may also be frequency dependent, especially in case of tilting pad bearings. In the present paper a model for tilting pad bearings including the pad inertias and coordinates for the pad rotational angles and their rotational velocities is created. Dynamic bearing coefficients are calculated including these coordinates by solving the Reynolds equation for the perturbed equilibrium position. The perturbation includes the rotor displacements and velocities as well as the pad tilting angles and angular velocities. Thus a system of linear 2+Np differential equations with Np as the number of pads is created for the bearing. From these equations transfer functions for the bearing force / rotor displacement relation can be determined. These transfer functions clearly yield frequency dependent stiffness and damping coefficients, although all coefficients of the complete system with 2+Np equations are only speed dependent. The tilting pad bearing model with the 2+Np equations is included into a rotor model by means of the rotor dynamic program MADYN 2000 (1). The rotor dynamic stability of the rotor considering the non-synchronous behaviour of the tilting pad bearings is presented for different bearing geometries showing cases with strong and weak frequency dependence.


High resolution solid state 19F n.m.r. spectroscopy has been used for the first time to investigate the bonding in ionic fluorides.


also indispensable to research of guilds or material objects as it includes a description of the manuscript's physical characteristics, including how folios were constructed and moved over time. Perhaps most importantly for guild historians, a list of the names entered into the guild book, alongside a key to their guild careers, is included. This book is an informative and comprehensive guide to Egerton MS 2572 that sheds light on both the construction and demonstration of medical knowledge alongside more unusual displays of guild recording keeping. The volume is ambitious in its aims to both show the archaeological assessment of the book alongside a full transcript, which is particularly useful for research into guild records, both generally, and for those interested in medical guilds. Placing the guild in the wider medical, civic, and urban context, it shows how multiple approaches can be brought together to explain the wider role of texts as material objects.


The experiment was carried out on 10 bulls of about 120 kg live weight equipped with rumen cannulas and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. The bulls were given a diet of maize whole plant meal, potato starch and mineral mixture. The diet was supplemen ted for group I with groundnut oilmeal (60% of dietary N), for group I I with groundnut oilmeal (10.5% dietary N) and urea (48% of dietary N), and for group I I I with urea (58% dietary N). Diets I , I I and I I I contained, according to the INRA system, 15% CP in DM; 234, 196, 186 g PDIN; 227, 158, 145 g PDIE, and 2.14, 2.11, 2.11 UFV, respectively. Daily feed intake was 2.25 kg. The ammonia-N level in the rumen fluid 2 h after feeding was 8.2, 15.1 and 24.5 mg/100 ml in animals of groups I , I I and I I I , respectively. The amount of N entering the duodenum was 20.1; 22.1 and 18.0 g, leaving the ileum 9.7, 10.4 and 7.3 g/day/kg of feed intake, in the respective groups. The apparent duodenal-N absorption from the small intestine was 52, 53 and 59%, respectively. Total amino acids (g/day/kg feed) ingested with feed equalled 128, 62 and 49; entering the duodenum 107, 113 and 92; leaving the ileum 43, 48 and 32; absorbed from the small intestine 64, 65 and 60 in groups I , I I and I I I , respectively. The apparent intestinal absorption of most amino acids entering the duodenum was from 50 to 70% in all groups, but absorption of cysteine was markedly lower, 25-40%. The amount of lysine absorbed from the small intestine in group I was similar to the amount ingested, but exceeded this amount by 2.4 and 3 times in groups I I and I I I . Absorption of methionine was two times higher, indicating considerable conversion of dietary N in group I I and I I I into microbial amino acids.


Photometric monitoring by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered not only periodic signals by transiting exoplanets but also episodic or quasiperiodic dimming around young stellar objects. The dimming mechanisms of these objects, the so-called "dippers," are thought to be related to either the accretion property or the structure of protoplanetary disks especially in regions close to the host star. Recently, we have created a catalog of dippers from one year of TESS full-frame image data. In this paper, we report on the spectral features of four newly found dippers in that catalog and show that they potentially shed light on the dimming mechanisms. We found that all of the targets exhibit the Hα emission line, which is an indicator of ongoing accretion. Based on their line profiles and/or their variability, we characterized the properties of the disks of each source, which can support dimming mechanisms via a dusty disk wind or an accretion-driven inner-disk warp. Also, we found an interesting dipper (TIC 317873721), a "close-in binary dipper," showing a complex variability of the line profile and a large radial velocity variation. Because the dimming intervals are similar to the orbital period of the binary, we suggest that the dips are caused by dust in the accretion warp from a circumbinary disk onto stars. Such a close-in (<0.1 au) binary dipper has been rarely reported thus far; further investigation will reveal new aspects of disk evolution and planetary formation.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the H-type hypertension and coronary heart disease. Methods 550 patients with essential hypertension were selected as the research object and divided into H group(Hcy10pmol / L) and non H hypertension group(Hcyl0 pmol / L) according the level of Hcy. Differences between the two groups were compared. Results The percentage of CHD patients and the Gensini score in the H-type group was significantly higher than that in the non H hypertension group. The plasma Hcy level was statistically positively correlated with the Gensisi score of CHD. Conclusion H-type hypertensionis is very closely related to coronary artery lesions, and it can predict the serverity of coronary artery lesions.


Kenneth William Scott ("Ken") received his education at Foyle College, Londonderry, and the Queen's University, Belfast. After qualifying he spent several years in general medicine in Belfast's City Hospital and the Royal Victoria Hospital. He then entered dermatology, a specialty in which he …


Cloud computing is the most discussed research area now-a-days which helps to provide elasticity and flexibility in using the computing resources and services to fulfill the requirement of current businesses. Besides many advantages offered by cloud computing, it deals with many obstacles in the path of its growth, that are security issues, data privacy issues and distrust on cloud service providers (CSP). Trust is found to be an essential element for achieving security and confidence in the use of distributed computing. Various issues like data control, ownership, data integrity and security can be considered as important parameters of trust. This paper addresses the existing trust models for trust establishment in cloud services and also tries to find out the shortcomings of these models.


The wearing of safety-belts by front seat occupants of cars and light vans was made compulsory in the republic of Ireland from February 1, 1979. This report considers the effect of the law during the first eleven months of its operation on wearing rates and on the overall severity of injury to car drivers. It is shown that wearing rates doubled from one in four prior to the law's introduction to one in two subsequently. The effect of this increase on the severity of injury to car drivers was minimal. Where information was available on safety-belt wearing, the proportion of car drivers killed or seriously injured subsequent to the laws introduction was 27.4% compared with 27.7% beforehand. The report considers these figures in somewhat more detail, and offers some tentative explanations for these results. In particular, it is pointed out that the results cannot be taken to mean that safety-belts when properly worn are not effective injury reducing devices. It is suggested however, that much higher wearing rates than the one in two achieved are necessary before substantial effects on overall severity become manifest.


A microstrip array project was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of designing and fabricating simple, low cost, low sidelobe phased arrays with circular disk microstrip radiating elements. Design data were presented for microstrip elements and arrays including the effects of the protective covers, the mutual interaction between elements, and stripline feed network design. Low cost multilayer laminate fabrication techniques were also investigated. Utilizing this design data two C-band low sidelobe arrays were fabricated and tested: an eight-element linear and a sixty-four element planar array. These arrays incorporated stripline Butler matrix feed networks to produce a low sidelobe broadside beam.


The study of effect of stabilizer on low cost road pavements is important for development of pavement response models. This paper presents the effect of ECOLOPAVI stabilizer on natural argil soil (unsuitable for bases, subbases, or subgrades). ECOLOPAVI is a new stabilizer manufactured by the company HICPM (Homi Industria e Comercio de Produtos Quimicos, Ltda) based in S. Paulo, under License of IDESA (Institute of Development of Social Education of Amazon), located in Manus, Brazil.


The paper deals with the probable consequences of the proposed tax maneuver 22/22 that implies the decrease in compulsory social insurance payments rate to 22% with the simultaneous increase of VAT rate to 22%. We propose the methods to estimate the change in burden of compulsory social payments and VAT for the economy in cross-industry breakdown. We show that for the majority of companies the decrease in compulsory social payments would be compensated by the increase in VAT. At the same time, the increase in budget revenues would be rather small. The results allow to propose the modifications to the tax maneuver, aimed to avoid the increase in tax burden for business and to minimize the losses for the budget.


Introduces the design of a new type of cam-radial conjugate cam and its merits.It describes in detail the design method of theoretic cam profile and practical cam profile about follower as oscillation roller and transmitter as four-bar mechanism.In AutoCAD,the profile curve is created by means of AutoLISP program and the dialog box techniques,and its data points of the profile curve are extracted for subsequent numerical control program so as to provide reference for technical innovation.


What constitutes blind singers' moral world, their ethics and self-conception as aesthetic subjects under their distinctive sensory modes of perception? How the principal moralities specific to the Thai cultural contexts promote the cultivation of moral sentiment and self-governance among the blind singers?. These are the main questions that gave rise to this anthropological research on the blind singers' moral experiences and ethical moments. The fieldwork was ethnographic in character. It was carried out mainly in Bangkok, Thailand, from September 2010 to November 2011. This research argues that to become free moral subjects amid the various conflict situations the blind singers face during their social lives, they have to maintain the dilemma of ethical practices: presenting themselves simultaneously as freelance blind singers and as beggars within the others' scopic regime. The research also reveals that the use of creativity by the blind singers, in order to become moral subjects and secure freedom within their ethical existence, poses a dilemma: they have to learn how to cultivate virtue – i.e. to become moral subjects – by balancing their ambiguous self between working, being autonomous and having agency on the basis of neo-liberalist moral political ideology, and being a person with disabilities who should be pitied and seek help according to the Buddhist moral rhetoric of ve-tha-na.


This study examined the matrix-filler interactions in model systems consisting of representative polymers with polycrystalline fillers in situations in which the volume content of the latter exceeds 80%. Several techniques were used including methods to study: (1) the disposition and gross morphology of the minor (polymeric) component; (2) wetting of a filler crystal by molten polymer; and (3) theoretical and experimental studies related to optimum loading.


We provide a parameterization of all fusion subcategories of the equivariantization by a group action on a fusion category. As applications, we classify the Hopf subalgebras of a family of semisimple Hopf algebras of Kac-Paljutkin type and recover Naidu-NikshychWitherspoon classification of the fusion subcategories of the representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group.


In this article, Sascha L. Goluboff investigates the development of ethnographic knowledge about Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan to provide new ways of understanding who Mountain Jews are and to provoke scholars to reflect critically on empire, ethnicity, and religion in the Caucasus. Following Nicholas B. Dirks's recent call for anthropologists to pay attention to the "textual field that is the pretext to fieldwork," Goluboff analyzes how the work of the first ethnographers of Mountain Jews—Yehuda Chernyi (1835-1880) and Il'ia Anisimov (1862-1928)—created an image of Mountain Jews as both "savage Asians" and "primordial Jews" and how subsequent scholarship has reinforced this dichotomy as modern "fact." Goluboff believes that by paying more attention to the intersections among ethnic groups and refraining from making moral judgments, it is possible to open up new ground for creatively researching the relations between Islam and Judaism in the Caucasus.


- In this paper, we aim to introduce the web-based application called dynairix. Dynairix is a free online tool developed by our team to make the invisible part of pandemics and epidemics visible to the general public. Having a strong background in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), our team has been using it so far primarily in the development of simulation solutions for the automotive production. Now we want apply this know-how in new areas too. The core of dynairix is based on quasi steady CFD results using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) coupled (one-way) with the Lagrangian particles tracking method. Using this methodology, our tool calculates the dynamic risk factor and shows the ventilation system and its effects in closed environments. This is something especially useful during any epidemics where viruses are transmitted by aerosols. The calculations are based on the real physics of the simulations of various scenarios. They show that good a ventilation system during pandemics and epidemics can not only be useful but rather extremely beneficial.


In the present research, to improve the mechanical of interstitial free steel, the hot rolling process has performed for 50% reduction in area at three different phase regions (below the lower critical point, above the upper critical point and intermediate region) of interstitial free steel. Samples were cooled down to room temperature by normal air cooling in the room temperature. The microstructure and mechanical properties of control rolled steel have been investigated by an optical microscope, Vickers hardness tester and tensile test. It has found that yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of sample rolled at a lower critical temperature (600°C) improved significantly without much significant change in ductility, due to ferrite grain refinement and an increase of dislocation density. Scanning electron microscope fractography analysis shows cup and cone fracture. Finally, it is suggested that a controlled rolling process of interstitial free steel in pure ferritic region conferred optimum properties.


With the constant development of global information technology in building industry, different vendors utilize their own format to store building information modeling; however the incompatibility among these formats obstructs the use and share of the modeling information. Targeting the information exchange and share in each phase of the whole building lifecycle and promoting the energy saving and emission reducing buildings, this paper introduces the information on IFC standards, then discusses the mainstream share formats (.ifc and .ifcXML) in building industry, and compares and analyzes the differences between them, in order to provide leading support for the management platform of data information on building energy efficiency.


The main constituent of the third generation (3G) digital cellular mobile communication systems is a CDMA transceiver. The transmitter includes complex scrambling code generation, channelization code generation, and the spreading operation with both. The receiver involves RAKE reception, code synchronization, descrambling code and channelization code generation and the despreading operations. The RAKE receiver is used to mitigate the fading introduced by the wireless channel by maximally combining the delayed replicas of the signal. Its output may be used for further baseband processing for detection. With the present state-of-art VLSI technology, an ASIC solution is essential for a miniaturized full specification 3G air interface development. Therefore, in this paper, we present the development of an ASIC solution, which has been fabricated using the 0.25 /spl mu/ CMOS technology, for a RAKE receiver based 3G CDMA system.


The aim of this article is to present a novel framework that integrates the strategic dimensions of sustainability and the ISO 21500 standard to evaluate and select subcontractors for megaprojects. ISO 21500 processes were utilized to develop benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks subnets, whereas triple-bottom line sustainability dimensions were used as strategic criteria. Subsequently, the Analytic Network Process was used to examine the proposed framework for the Qatar Rail megaproject. The proposed framework supports organizations dealing with megaprojects to align their subcontractor selection with ISO 21500 and achieve ecological and social objectives alongside the project's stipulated economic benefits.


In this paper you will find a variety of psychopathological symptoms, one describing how they affect each individual and the possible disruption to which we can deduce that benefit the patient / client in ed not catch it early. Each symptom identified in the document Research esta justified and updated publications and made an additional point that will give credibility to the mayor and Development of each paragraph reading de este documento. In addition to the symptoms presented, the meaning of some of the psychic functions it has great value when making a psychological evaluation Patient / client requesting Psychological intervention was found.


AIMS
Presumptive support was sought for mechanisms of action whereby two conceptually distinct aftercare programs, relapse prevention (RP) and 12-Step facilitation (TSF), impact upon substance abusers.

PATIENTS AND DESIGN
Adults who had just completed intensive treatment were assigned randomly to either RP (n=61) or TSF (n=70) aftercare programs.

SETTING
Three residential treatment facilities.

INTERVENTIONS
Trained counselors delivered to small groups a manualized aftercare program which focused either upon the utilization of cognitive-behavioral processes to orchestrate change through an individualized treatment plan (i.e. RP) or which sought to facilitate utilization of AA's 12 Steps (i.e. TSF).

MEASUREMENTS
Process measures developed specifically to quantify either: (a) the changes in self-efficacy process in RP or (b) the utilization of AA's principles in TSF, as well as psychosocial and substance abuse indices were administered to all patients pre- and post-aftercare and at 6-month follow-up.

FINDINGS
A significant relationship between changes in measures of self- efficacy for RP participants as well as a trend for a relationship between process-specific change for TSF participants partially satisfied the first condition for presumptive support. The fact that the intervention-specific mediators covaried with several outcome indices, and that removal of such mediators attenuated prediction of outcome met, respectively, the second and third conditions for presumptive support.

CONCLUSION
Carefully orchestrated RP and TSF aftercare programs yield process changes that are related positively to improved outcome.


— In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been around for nearly thirty (30) years and has proven itself to be an indispensable tool at the hands of an experienced practitioner. However, in certain occasions such as when there are hemorrhagic foci inside the volume of interest, the spectral resolution is hindered, due to paramagnetic effects. In these cases, spectra acquired with automatic shimming of the static magnetic field B 0 field may present broad linewidths and overall poor spectral quality. In such a scenario, the MRS practitioner must perform a manual shim, by appropriately adjusting the strengths of the gradient coils. The purpose of this study was to provide a step-by-step guide for manually shimming the B 0 , to improve spectral resolution of acquired spectra and, thus, to potentially increase the diagnostic power of the method. Furthermore, the effect of spectral resolution on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of metabolite peaks was also investigated in a phantom study at two field strengths, where all acquisition parameters and conditions were identical, with the exception of the spectral linewidth which ranged from 1 Hz to 8 Hz (at 1.5T), or equivalently from 2 Hz to 16 Hz (at 3.0T).


Objective To investigate the value of early predicting liver metastases from colon cancer by detecting multidrug resistance gene(mdr-1 mRNA)of liver tissue.Methods The first step was to proof the detecting methods and index,we drew 30 ml blood from a healthy volunteer through heparin anticoagulant and divided equally into 16 tubes.The former 8 tubes were blank comparison,the later 8 tubes in turn were added in 5、10、25、50、102、103、104、105 sw480 cell cline of human colon cancer.All above were detected mdr-1 gene with fluorogenioc quantitative.Then the second step:We established the mode of liver metastases from colon cancer with a SW480 human colon cell clot planted in cecum of nude mice,a splenectomy was performed at the same time,10 days later,2mm3 tissue from both left and right liver lobes was removed,which was used for genetic detecting mdr-1 mRNA by real time fluorogenic quantitative RT-PCR; 5 weeks later we observed whether the macroscopic liver metastases would happen.Results Twenty two of 36 survive cases were high expression for mdr-1 mRNA in the biotic liver tissue.The average CT value was 25.342,and the average number of copy was 4.27×107/ugmRNA.Macroscopic liver metastases were found in all these 22 cases.There were macroscopic liver metastases in 1 of 11 cases of low expression for mdr-1 mRNA,whereas other 11 cases and 2 cases of no expression for mdr-1 mRNA did not form macroscopic liver metastases.There were significantly difference (P0 01).Conclusion There are definite association between mdr-1 gene high expression in early liver tissue of colon cancer and macroscopic liver metastases.Liver metastases can be predicted by detecting liver micrometastases.


ABSTRACT  Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity onPC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The moisture content offreeze dried hot water extract was 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of carbohydrate (51.24%) followedby crude protein (24.04%), crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09), and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inor-ganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluatedunder microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of indu-vidual cell. The extract exhibited strong effect of neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/mLto 1 mg/mL, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased.KEYWORDS  Hericium erinaceus , Hot water extract, Neuritogenic activity, Proximate composition, PC12h cell Introduction Hericium erinaceus


O VER the past decade, the economic growth of the indus trialized West has been based in large measure upon a prodigious expansion in sources of energy. Oil has made the largest single contribution to that expansion; and the stepped-up consumption of oil has been especially marked among basic industries engaged in production and transport. In conse quence, Western industry has become increasingly dependent upon an uninterrupted flow of oil. Since the end of World War II, Europe has been drawing more and more heavily upon Middle East oil to meet its requirements. But mounting tensions in the Middle East, arising from aggressive nationalism, the deteriora tion of British political authority and Soviet expansionist tenden cies, put Europe's access to these critical supplies in jeopardy. The Suez crisis has driven these points home as no argument or previous circumstance could.


We analyze the role of renormalization group (RG) running of the coupling and fermion masses in perturbative Yukawa theory at finite density. The dependence of the RG flow on the number of fermion flavors is discussed. Results for the fermionic contribution to the two-loop pressure at zero temperature and finite density are presented for NF = 4, and finite fermion mass effects are shown to be an important correction.


Abstract Much research has been carried out to improve the fatigue strength of materials in general and leaf springs in particular by creating a compressive residual stress field of their surface layers through shot peening. The phenomenon of surface roughness is important when considering contact between metallic bodies. The effect of shot flowrate on surface roughness was identified. Full-scale laboratory testing of EN45A spring steel leaf springs was carried out using an electrohydraulic testing system to show the extent of improvement in fatigue life due to shot peening. Double shot peening was performed on leaf springs and its effects on surface roughness, compressive residual stress field, and fretting fatigue were noted. The surface roughness model is in accordance with the experimental results.


This special issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners focuses attention on the growing population of people with chronic illness. Of particular concern is the current state of the U.S. healthcare system and its inability to provide coordinated, cost-efficient, and evidence-based care to those who need it most. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are concerned about the rising healthcare costs as providers, consumers, and employers. Throughout our history, NPs have been strong advocates for accessible, cost-effective, quality health care. Our desire is to partner with thepublic,healthcarepolicymakers, andotherhealthcare providers to optimize health care in the 21st century. This editorial overview describes some of the most salient concerns about chronic illness and is our platform for this special issue. The articles included herewere submitted and peer-reviewed through the regular submission and selection process for the journal; thus, they represent the concerns of many NPs and health professionals.


The prognosis of a malignant tumour largely depends on the stage of the disease at the beginning of a specific therapy; statistics of therapy are comparable only if they show the distribution of the cases to the different stages of the disease. Aiming to improve the comparability of the data and findings acquired from the cancer patient, the UICC has, for more than 30 years, been endeavouring to develop uniform rules for acquiring the stage of the disease and the degree of spread with malignant tumours. For this purpose, UICC has developed the TNM system which makes it possible to state accurately and in a reproduceable form the stage of the primary tumour (T) and the regional lymphatic nodes (N) as well as the possible existence of metastases (M). The third edition of the TNM rules appeared in English in 1978, in the following years in numerous other languages. Today the TNM system represents the only basis for the documentation of the cancer stage which has been introduced worldwide. However, it is by no means »complete«; for some forms of cancer proposals for TNM classification are still outstanding (e.g., tumours of the pancreas, the central nervous system, the bones and the soft tissues). Moreover, malignant lymphomas cannot be classified according to the principles of TNM. Here the so-called »Ann Arbor Classification« from the year 1971 is recommended. The UICC has called upon its national committees to check the classification proposals available so far as to their usefulness and practicability. Corresponding field studies are under way in several countries. This bibliography covers a section of the TNM literature of the last 20 years. From a total number of about 2,000 publications, applying the TNM system, we selected 300 which discuss the system critically and, in most instances, make suggestions for its improvement. The first part of the bibliography contains an alphabetically arranged list of the titles according to authors' names; the second part differentiates the tumors dealt with by their site. We thank Mrs. L. Blumenthal, Mrs. I. Schäfer and Mrs. U. Wolber for their cooperation in setting up this bibliography.


The teaching target of university physics experiment is to cultivate innovative talents of high quality fit for modern science and technology.The reform and innovation should be carried out in teaching aspects like contents,methods and environment.To reach the target,the teaching condition should be improved to form a multi environment.In order to build up a new teaching system fit for the developing modern science and technology,it is necessary to cooperate and share the experiment facility with the other universities.


The purpose of this study is to describe the representation of social values in the sack. The problem explored in this research is social values in the form of spiritual values which include (1) truth values, (2) beauty values, (3) moral values, (4) religious values.
The method and approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Qualitative descriptive approach is used to describe the social values in the karungut. Data analysis of this research was carried out by collecting data with the method of observing and recording, identifying data, classifying data, and describing data.
The results of this study indicate that the representation of social values in the karutut with the form of spiritual values shows (a) the truth value in the karungut is the most dominant, there are 29 truth values, namely the values of justice, the value of obedience, the value of decency, the value of craftsmanship, the value of honesty, and the value of responsibility. (b) the value of beauty in the karungut shows 6 values of beauty, namely the value of literary works, the value of dance art and the value of the art of music (c) the moral value in the karungut shows 24 moral values, namely the value of harmony, the value of customs, the value of loving the value of wisdom, data modesty. (d) the religious value in the karungut shows 13 religious values, namely the value of prayer, the value of discipline, and the value of surrender.


An infected plant is a quantitatively distinct system. Its specific character is due to the nature of host plant and the pathogen, as well as to the character of the mutual effect induced by them. Mutual induction includes the biosynthesis of organoids (mitochondrias, ribosomes, etc.), isoenzymes, and interferon-type proteins and others. The leading role in the system of the defence mechanisms of a plant is played by the protein components of the protoplast, the molecular organization of the biostructures and the energy metabolism regulating systems. The nature of the changes is specific. It reflects the mutual adaptability of the partners formed in the course of their mutual biological evolution (N.I. Vavilov).


Entrepreneurs are widely regarded as one of the most important contributors to the economic
development of a civilization. Entrepreneurs have long been credited with kicking off and maintaining
socioeconomic development. Women's entrepreneurship is a relatively new notion in India. Women have become more aware of
their rights and circumstances, and have entered various spheres of business. They have built successful company empires of
their own. They contribute to the growth of the economy and the improvement of scheduled tribes' socio-economic situations.
Women's empowerment is a priority for the Indian government, and several schemes have been implemented to help women
entrepreneurs succeed. Women's participation in the workforce is increasing in India as the country's literacy rate rises. In some
Indian states, the concept of Self Help Groups (SHGs) has proven to be a boon for rural women. It has improved not only their
nancial situation but also their social standing. This paper also provides an overview of the work of self-help groups on
scheduled tribes (SHGs) in Tamil Nadu. This article focuses on a variety of themes relating to women entrepreneurs in India,
including their issues, challenges, and future prospects.


This paper reports on findings from an evaluation capacity building project with graduate schools that are awardees of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Alliance for Graduate Education and Professoriate (AGEP). An evaluation framework for the AGEP Program was developed based on the objectives of increasing the number of minority students pursuing advanced study, obtaining doctoral degrees, and entering the professoriate in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Underrepresented minority (UM) students include students who are African American, Hispanic American, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Pacific Islanders. Data for academic years 1996-1997 through 2002-2003 were received from 63 AGEP graduate institutions participating in 26 different alliances. Data are presented on (a) changes in the percent of UM student who are new enrollees in graduate schools for the pre and post-period and (b) changes in the percent of UM graduate students in the total STEM graduate student population for the pre and post period. Since time to STEM PhD degree is 6.5 to 7 years, we have not yet examined changes in PhD degrees earned and post-PhD employment plans because it is to early to attribute these changes to the AGEP Program. Introduction, Goal, and Methods The U.S. continues to suffer from a long-standing underrepresentation of minorities (i.e., African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders) among science, mathematics and engineering doctorates. This untapped talent has serious consequences for the nation's ability to compete in a world economy driven by technological advances, as well as for a large segment of the nation's citizens who suffer loss of opportunity. This underrepresentation is evident in all sectors: academe, industry, and government. Over the years, both government and private sectors have invested significant resources to increase minority representation in STEM graduate programs and the PhD workforce. While some exemplary programs exist, limited progress has been made overall (NSF, 2004). The National Science Foundation (NSF) Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) program is intended to increase significantly the number of students receiving doctoral degrees in the sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), with special emphasis on those population groups underrepresented in these fields (i.e., African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders). In addition, since lack of role models and mentors in the professoria te constitutes a significant barrier to producing minority STEM graduates, NSF is particularly interested in increasing the number of minorities who will enter the professoriate in these disciplines (NSF 2004). Since


Three Movies,Rouge,Full Moon In New York,and Yuen Ling-yuk: Actress,The Center Stage,form the feminine director Stanley Kwan's trilogies.He pays close and humanism attention to feminine topics,and appreciates and even worships femininity in these films.Meanwhile,his minute and proficient careful and precise expression of feminize happiness,angry,grief and joy have constructed unique feminized utterance and complaint.He has composed their own threnody,dirge,elegy that belong to these women.


The invention provides a method for breeding medical ground beetles and belongs to the technical field of medical animal breeding. The method for breeding the medical ground beetles comprises the steps of control over a place of a breeding party, temperature and humidity, management of breeding fodder, breeding soil of the ground beetles, an egg reservation of the ground beetles and incubation of eggs, management of larvae of the ground beetles and medium-sized ground beetles, management of copulation, management of adults, prevention and treatment of diseases and pests, collection and processing of the ground beetles and finished product storage of the ground beetles. The method for breeding the medical ground beetles accords with the original wild life habits of the ground beetles, the growth and breeding speed of the ground beetles is greatly increased, and the ground beetles are good in medical property, strong in efficacy, good in quality and high in market selling price.


AbstractThe intention of this study is to clarify how pitch and music theory teachers in the upper secondary school are reasoning, especially concerning theory and practice. Examples of questions to answer is; what do they think is important for the students to learn about pitch- and musictheory and what practical exercices they use the most? Another question is: in what way can a more practical oriented teaching favour the students learning. The study has been conducted by qualitative interviews of pitch- and musiktheory teachers and a teaching experiment with pitch- and musictheory students in upper secondary school. The study has a theoretical base in socio-cultural learning and is also leaning on the theories wich are discribed in the project Arts Probel. The result show that the teachers mostly choose their content with respect to the course syllabus, but they do not agree about which parts of the course that are the most important. Examples on practical exercises is; reading music, singing musical intervals and writing music. The teaching experiment shows: some profits of using the students interest as a driving force, that a more practial oriented teaching helped the students to achieve the objectives and that the methodology of Arts Propel is learning the students to work in a more independent way.


We show that all finite-dimensional resolvable generalized manifolds with the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property are codimension one manifold factors. We then show how the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property and other general position properties that detect codimension one manifold factors are related. We also note that in every example presently known to the authors of a codimension one manifold factor of dimension n ≥ 4 determined by general position properties, the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property is satisfied.


Background:The Chvostek sign—a contraction of ipsilateral facial muscles subsequent to percussion over the facial nerve—is considered a clinical indicator of hypocalcemia. I sought to evaluate the association between Chvostek sign and serum calcium levels. Methods:I performed a cross-sectional analysis of data gathered from a nationwide probability sample of 3,434 individuals, aged 25–74 years, in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1971 to 1975. Results:Increasing serum calcium levels were associated with an increased odds for a positive Chvostek sign. When compared to calcium levels in the lowest quartile (5.47–9.4 mg/dL), individuals with serum calcium levels of 9.4–9.6 mg/dL, 9.6–9.9 mg/dL, and 9.9–11.9 mg/dL had a 195% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.3%–604%), 124% (95% CI −0.8% to 407%), and 159% (95% CI 33.8%–401%) increased odds—as opposed to the expected decreased odds—for a positive Chvostek sign. When adjusting for age, sex, and race, these increased odds were 220% (95% CI 32%–679%), 125% (95% 0.00%–409%), and 172% (35%–448%), respectively. For every 1 g/dL increase in serum calcium level, the odds for a positive Chvostek sign increased by 4% (95% CI 0.00%–8%). Conclusions:A positive Chvostek sign is informative of normal to increased serum calcium levels rather than hypocalcemia.


In Omnia Sunt Communia, Massimo de Angelis offers a radical political economy, illuminating the steps necessary to arrive at a post-capitalist world. By conceptualizing the idea of commons not just as common goods but as a set of social systems, de Angelis shows their pervasive presence in everyday life, and he maps out a strategy for total social transformation.

From the micro to the macro, de Angelis unveils the commons as fields of power relations—shared space, objects, and subjects—that explode the limits of daily life under capitalism. He exposes attempts to co-opt the commons, through the use of seemingly innocuous words such as "participation" and "governance," and he reveals the potential for radical transformation rooted in the social reproduction of our communities, life, work, and society as a whole.


This experiment was conducted to determine the development of Japanese quail embryo (Coturnix coturnix japonica), through observation and measurement of embryo organ development from the age of one day until hatching. The study used 15 female quails and 5 male quails. 15 female quails were divided into 5 cages, each cage containing 3 quails females and 1 male quail. Eggs which are inserted into an egg incubator is produced when the quail began the age of 3 months. Descriptive observation has been made towards the development of organs in the embryo . Based on the results of the study, the growth and development of quail embryo organs occur in stages until hatching occurred during the 16 days.


Histological observations on flower stalk internodes of Phalaenopsis cultured in vitro revealed that a Number of initial cells with large nuclei and dense protoplasm exist in the epidermis, cortex, and immature vascular bund les and that these divide or are capable of dividing in the early stage of the internodes. These cells begin to divide 7-11 days after the stalks are Placed in the culture medium and form protocorm- like bodies on the epidermis and the cut surface of the sections 20-45 days after the start of cell division.


he Tibet-Qinghai plateau is one of the highest environments on the planet. It comprises an area of approximately 2.5 million square kilometres with an average elevation exceeding 4000 metres above sea level (masl). The Tibetan plateau permits only a narrow range of productive activities. It is estimated that about 1% of the plateau is able to sustain farming practices.2 Today, fields of barley are grown everywhere from the alpine steppes of western Tibet to the hilly grasslands and forested provinces of Amdo and Kham in the east, from the large and temperate alluvial plains of the Tibetan heartland to the terrace fields of highland Nepal. In these harsh climatic and topographical conditions, where resources are distributed asymmetrically, human adaptation was rendered possible by a skilful exploitation of pastoralism and agriculture. As a result, farmers and nomads have always constituted the backbone of Tibetan civilization. Highland barley is a six-rowed naked (i.e., hulless) barley with a spring phenotype. It is particularly suited for harsh environments with extremely high altitudes. It is sown in the spring around the month of April. After a short period of dormancy and germination the crop is generally harvested in August-September. A six-rowed naked barley with a winter habit is also cultivated in lower regions subject to mild winter conditions. It is frost resistant and benefits from a longer period of dormancy. It is usually sown in autumn and ripens in late spring. Due to a longer season, barleys with a winter habit produce higher yields that the spring varieties. Ethnobotanical research conducted within the Tibetan communities of Yunnan in southwest China today shows that the altitude of 2800 masl generally


The Dutch government is launching an experimental program in 1998 to dispense heroin to 750 untreatable addicts to investigate the effects of heroin provision on the psychosocial and medical condition of the clients. The program is a controlled, randomized study. Potential participants will undergo a two-month qualification period to ensure that they meet eligibility criteria. There will be three randomized groups: one group will receive heroin three times a day for twelve months, a second group will receive methadone for the first six months and then heroin, and the control group will receive methadone alone. Half the subjects will inject heroin and half will inhale heroin. Participants will be evaluated every two months for physical, psychological and social conditions.


By using a Lyapunov function which consists of different quadratic forms in various sectors of the ( u, (du/d\tau) ) plane, the prediction of the circle criterion that the null solution of (d^{2}u/d\tau^{2}) + 2(du/d\tau) + f(\tau, u, (du/d\tau))\cdotp u = 0 is asymptotically stable for 0 \leq \alpha , with \beta = (\sqrt{alpha} + 2)^{2} , is improved to \beta = \[\{\frac{(\sqrt{\alpha} + 1)^{2} + 1 + \sqrt{(\sqrt{\alpha} + 1)^{4} + 2 (\sqrt{\alpha} + 1)^{2} + 5}}{2}\}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \]^{2} .


An experimental studywas carried out tostudy the properties of concrete madewith seawater as total mixing water, ground coal bottom ash as binary cement and coal bottom ashas sand replacement.The first stage mixes were prepared with three percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30) of ground coal bottomash as partial replacement of binder.The second stage mixes involved10 percent of ground coal bottom ash with 25%,50%, 75% and 100% of coal bottom ash replacing naturalsand. Properties investigated were materials properties,binderchemical composition,concretehardened density,compressivestrength,and SEM. Test on hardened density was conductedon 7 and 28 days. Ground coal bottomash was identified as Class F, while coal bottom ash has lowspecific density and high-waterabsorption compared to naturalsand.Concrete density andcompressive strength decreased on use of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate. Compressive strength was seen to decrease as CBA percentagerose, with the maximum value being 44.4 MPa for combination of 10 percent ground coal bottom ash and 25 percent coal bottom ash.Series with 10% CBA (ground coal bottom ash) reduces by roughly 51% while maintaining a sufficient structural strength value.The findings of this investigation showed that it is possible to produce seawater-concrete, which incorporates coal ashin concrete.


Electrical discharges in air generate many different species, some of them toxic and corrosive. Ozone is a predominant species, but also nitrogen oxides, such as N2O, NO, NO2, NO3 and N2O5, have been confirmed by means of spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry in air-fed ozonizers based on dielectric barrier discharge [1,2]. The production of chemical species by means of corona discharge in air has received less attention [3,4] and, although the fundamental physico-chemical processes in dielectric barrier and corona discharges are essentially identical, both discharges are very different from the electrical point of view. In this work, a numerical modelling of negative DC corona discharge in dry air (0.03% CO2) is performed for wire-to-cylinder coaxial geometry. The chemical kinetic model used here includes nine charged species (e, N2, NO, NO, O2, O2, O, O3 and CO3), ten neutral species in their ground states (N2, O2, ,CO2, N, NO, N2O, NO2, O, O3 and CO), four excited species (N2(AΣu), N(D), O2(∆g) and O(D)), with a total number of 150 reactions. The electrical discharge is assumed to be homogeneous along the wire and stationary in time. Therefore, the concentration of species will only depend on the radial distance to the wire (1D model). The equations governing the electrical discharged are continuity equations for each species (which include the chemical kinetics) and Poisson's equation for the electric field. The electric field dependence of reaction rate constants has also been taken into consideration, particularly in electron induced reactions. The numerical modelling is complemented with the experimental measurements of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations generated by a negative corona discharge in synthetic air. The electrode arrangement used in the experiments (tungsten wire ∅ 0.1 mm, stainless steel Topic number: 6, 10


Topology‐transparent scheduling (TTS) for wireless networks involves generation of schedules which do not need update even when the network topology is constantly changing. TTS schemes designed with Steiner systems support the largest number of nodes—among all cover‐free families—for a given frame length. In this paper, we propose a TTS scheme using Steiner systems for a network in which nodes are divided into multiple classes of different priorities. Our proposed scheme called "Steiner system‐based Topology‐transparent Priority Scheduling" (STPS) produces priority‐sensitive schedules using different Steiner systems for the different priority classes. We explain our proposed method through illustrative examples and show its superiority over a competitive scheme in the literature with respect to the frame length.


This invention is a composite acoustic lens that can be steered internally through electrical control. It can collect and direct acoustic energy from a plane wave to focus it on a transducer. It can also take the nearly omnidirectional output from a standard acoustic transducer and direct its energy in a plane wave. In the receive role the lens increases the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the array; in the transmit role it reduces the output energy that is responsible for reverberation. The lens is steerable by virtue of its material: it is electrorheological. Its bulk modulus, and the resulting speed of sound, can be changed electrically. Controlling the gradient of the index of refraction allows the steering to be adjusted precisely, continuously, and quickly. It is held by a container of plastic material that matches the acoustic impedance of water and minimizes the presence of near-field scatterers. A system based on the proposed lens can improve the effectiveness of both active and passive sonars, reduce the detectability of active transmissions and reduce the inboard footprint. Medical applications exist for both imaging and lithotriptic devices.


The main objective of this research project was to develop a better understanding of the bearing strength of slabs on grade supporting load-bearing walls made of cold-formed steel studs and tracks used in residential and commercial multistory constructions. A total of 60 specimens were manufactured with four different configurations of stud-track assembly: single stud, single-stud wall, back-to-back, and back-to-back wall. The test results showed that the bearing strength was affected by the configurations of the stud-track assembly, and that the bearing strength gradually increased as the stud-track assembly was located at the inner side from the edge of the slab due to the confinement effect of the surrounding concrete. An analytical study using a finite-element model was performed to develop the analytical equations used to predict the bearing area of the stud-track assembly. Design guidelines were proposed based on the test results and the analytical study, which included the equations to compute the design bearing capacity of slabs on grade at varying distances from the edge of the slab to the stud-track assembly.


In the regime of bounded transportation costs, additive approximations for the optimal transport problem are reduced (rather simply) to relative approximations for positive linear programs, resulting in faster additive approximation algorithms for optimal transport.


We show that a simple greedy algorithm is $4.75$ probability-competitive for the Laminar Matroid Secretary Problem, improving the $3\sqrt{3} \approx 5.17$-competitive algorithm based on the forbidden sets technique (Soto, Turkieltaub, and Verdugo, 2018).


Patients and Methods: We analyzed 299 patients treated for acute PE between 2013 and 2016. Median follow up time was 16 months (range 55 months). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models for 30-day, 12-month and 48-months mortality were obtained, combining gender, age, malignancy history, PESI score, atrial fibrillation, positive troponin-I, C-reactive protein (CRP), main branch involvement on MSCT, red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio.


On the basis of grey system theory, an image information hiding algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, to choose the blocks of rich texture, a method based on two‐dimensional grey relational analysis is designed; making use of the improved GM(1,1) prediction model, the secret image is compressed losslessly, and then scrambled by means of time‐division multiplexing method in communication theory. Block discrete cosine transform is applied to the chosen blocks, and coefficients of mid frequencies are chosen as the embedded data, whereas the embedding intensity is determined on the basis of human visual system, and the embedding capacity of sub‐blocks can be controlled by its two‐dimensional grey relational grade adaptively. The experiment results show that the algorithm cannot only achieve satisfactory invisibility and robustness, but also improve the payload of the cover image, and meanwhile solve the problem that the small capacity of traditional algorithms in transform domain efficiently. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This special publication contains a compilation of the published articles that contain references to fossil otoliths from 1849 to 1923 and includes a list of otolith species listed ineach article. It also contains a brief list of articles that describe otoliths from living speciesof fish from 1884 to 1905. An abstract, preface and table of contents has been added tothis digital version. This was the very first special publication published by the society. It post-dates the Journal of Paleontology (1927) by two years and pre-dates the Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1931) by two years. It is included in our new digital collection of the society's special publications for completeness and may even add a reference or two that may have been lost to those who study otolith.


This paper aims to theoretically prove that both transiently chaotic neural networks (TCNN's) and discrete-time recurrent neural networks (DRNN's) have a global attracting set which ensures that the neural networks carry out a global search. A significant property of TCNN's and DRNN's is that their attracting sets are generated by a bounded fixed point, which is the unique repeller when absolute values of the self-feedback connection weights in TCNN and the difference time in DRNN are sufficiently large. We provide sufficient conditions under which the neural networks have a trapping region where the global unstable set of the fixed point actually evolves into a global attracting set. We also prove the coexistence of an attracting set and a transversal homoclinic orbit in the same region, which may result in complicated chaotic dynamics. For combinatorial optimization with neural networks, this paper shows that TCNN's and DRNN's do have global searching ability and their attracting set encloses not only local minima, but also global minima for the commonly used objective functions. To demonstrate the theoretical results of this paper, several numerical simulations are provided as illustrative examples.


The cultural and historical heritage of an area represents a significant
 part of the lives and work of the population living in that area. In
 addition to being an integral part of the local identity, it also has
 tourist significance. The Municipality of Pale (Bosnia and Herzegovina) has
 significant cultural resources and as such has higher prerequisites for
 developing various types of tourist activities. The aim of the research
 presented in this paper is to determine the attitudes of the residents of
 Pale toward cultural and historical heritage. The authors examined the
 attitudes of the people of Pale toward the importance of cultural and
 historical heritage at the local and national level, its importance for the
 development of tourism and economic prosperity as well as the improvement of
 the life quality. The attitude of the population of Pale toward the
 importance of cultural and historical heritage protection is examined, as
 well. The paper also analyzes whether there is a difference in the attitudes
 of the people with regard to gender, age, education, and employment. For
 this research, we used a quantitative methodology to analyze respondents?
 attitudes based on descriptive statistical techniques and nonparametric
 tests. The main results of our survey revealed that positive residents?
 attitudes toward cultural heritage prevail. Also, the study revealed that
 there is no statistically significant difference in the residents? attitudes
 in relation to gender, but that there is a significant difference in
 attitudes in relation to age, education, and employment.


A crossed charged beam technique was employed in the investigation reported. The ion beam was crossed at right angles by a magnetically confined electron beam. Cross sections were determined as a function of electron impact energy. Considerable structure in the excitation cross section appears immediately above the threshold. It is pointed out that a primary application of cross sections is related to the calculation of plasma rate coefficients.


Oscillating heat transfer has been widely used in engine pistons and valves,but the mechanism of heat transport is still not clearly understood,so the design of liquid cooled pistons and valves is mostly based on empirical knowledge and it is difficult to achieve appropriate heat transfer rate.In this study,a numerical simulation on oscillating heat transfer characteristics in a cavity partly filled with cooling liquid was performed by using CFD dynamic mesh method and volume of fluid(VOF)model.The relations of heat transfer coefficient to the speed and stroke of piston and fill ratio of liquid were obtained.The results indicate that the oscillation enhances the heat transfer significantly.The rotation speed is the major factor affecting heat transfer,and the heat transfer enhancement is reinforced with the increase of rotation speed and piston of stroke.When the fill ratio range of liquid is 30%—60%,the enhancement of heat transfer is remarkable,otherwise the effect of enhancement is unsatisfactory.The results are helpful to the design of pistons and valves.


Toyota has been developing industrial robots since the 1980s. In recent years, man-machine cooperative robots that assist people s skills have gradually been put into practical use. Now, Toyota is further evolving a number of robot technologies born at production sites to develop Partner Robots that work in harmony with people. Toyota is specifically considering four development areas: (1) manufacturing support, (2) short-distance personal mobility, (3) nursing and healthcare support, and (4) support for work around the home. Some scenes of Partner Robot operation in each of these four fields are mentioned, as well as the essential technologies embedded in Toyota Partner Robots, are then introduced in the presentation. Lastly, issues that need to be resolved to bring these robots into truly useful and practical in our society are described.


The notes were prepared in connection with a summer course in holomorphic dynamics, sponsored by the Scuola Matematica Interuniversitaria at Cortona, Italy, July-August, 2003. The main organizer was Stefano Marmi of the University of Pisa. There were two series of lectures, one organized by myself on foundational material, the other by Marmi on small divisor problems. The lecture series were based respectively on the following books: Lennart Carleson and Theodore W. Gamelin, Complex Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1993. Stefano Marmi, An Introduction to Small Divisors Problems, Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pisa, 2002. There were a number of presentations by participants based on other materials. Participants spent some time exploring Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set on the web.


Kinetics of non-enzymatic browning in hemi-dried litchi fruits during 11 weeks were investigated. Hemi-dried litchi fruits were stored at -20℃, 3℃ or 40℃. Color changes were assayed by browning index (A280nm, A420nm) and the CIE-Lab color system. Browning level of hemi-dried litchi fruits stored at different temperatures with vacuum and no-vacuum packages increased according to a zero-order reaction kinetic. Activation energy for it was 54.51 J/mol and 52.17 J/mol, respectively. And color formation(ΔE) followed zero-order reaction kinetic, too. Activation energy was 38.49 J/mol and 38.41J/mol, respectively. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural(5-HMF) concentration, in hemi-dried litchi fruits ranged from 78.63 to 2050.49μg/5 g according to storage temperature changes. Package form was not the main factor of affecting color formation and 5-HMF accumulation during storage period of hemi-dried litchi fruits. Evaluated from the color of products, the hemi-dried litchi fruits would lose their commercial value when they are stored for over 4 weeks at room temperature.


16 When increasing the rates of subcritical flow on gentle slopes, the bed successively produces 17 ripples, dunes and flat beds. Antidunes (defined here as all bed undulations for which the 18 surface gravity waves are in phase with the bed profile) appear only in high flow rates and 19 may be found in some extreme natural flow events. Inversely, on steep slopes flume 20 experiment (S≥1% approximately) flows are supercritical and antidunes were observed to 21 appear just after the beginning of sediment motion and to disappear for high flow rates. With 22 new experiments, this study aimed to improve the prediction of antidune geometry on steep 23 slopes. An equation for antidune wavelength was deduced from dimensional analysis and 24 fitted to new experimental data. The equation was successfully evaluated using a data set 25 extended to 167 values with data from the literature, obtained on both steep and gentle slopes. 26 This equation gave results very similar to the usual analytical equation from Kennedy when 27 tested on the results from gentle slope experiments, but proved to be better adapted for 28 antidune wavelength on steep slopes.


(R)- and (S)-tropic acid were prepared by trifluoroacetolysis of O-nitrobenzenesulfonate((S)-III) of optically active 3-phenyllactic acid ester(S)-II) in good yield and with high retention of optical purity according to the biosynthetic pathway starting from L-phenylalanine(L-I). Based on the above findings, natural (−)-littorine(VIII) and (−)-hyoscyamine(X) were synthesized from D-phenylalanine.


Pain is, perhaps, the most important evidence on which we base our interpretation and diagnosis of abdominal disease. So whatever contribution may be made to the better understanding of abdominal pain, its origin, nature, and localization, is of direct interest to the clinician. Our present knowledge of sensation in the abdomen and its viscera is due largely to the careful and ingenius observations during laparotomies of Lennander1and Sir James Mackenzie.2These observers are agreed that the hollow viscera and omentum give no sensation response to heat or cold, to cutting or clamping. Lennander found that the parietal peritoneum was sensative to irritation, especially when inflammation was present. This pain sense he explained by the rich supply of cerebrospinal nerves to the parietal peritoneum and its subserosa, in contrast to the sympathetic nerve supply of the insensitive viscera. From these premises he contended that all visceral pain was the result


The validation of an ovarian biopsy method for in vivo assessment of oocyte maturation in Centropomus parallelus was studied. Diameters of intra-ovarian oocytes siphoned with cannula were analyzed fresh and preserved with 1% formalin in 0.7% NaCl solution. Oocytes in different stages were present along the ovaries, up to the tertiary yolk globule stage, which had a unimodal diameter frequency distribution. The oocyte diameter means were not significantly different at four sites along the ovaries (P > 0.05). Samples obtained with cannula were representative of the ovary central portion, in vivo and in vitro samples of the seven females examined were not significantly different (P > 0.05). An estimate of the coefficient of variation corrected for bias (P < 0.05) for 8 repeated in vivo samples was 1.9 ± 0.6. The results demonstrated that for the species, the biopsy method was satisfactory, providing representative samples of the ovaries.


The radar signal processing involves post-processing of the received radar echoes to extract target information. There is an increasing interest to employ radar signals for information gathering and imaging of selected objects with the environment. A more focused interest relates to imaging of concealed items and through-wall imaging fits that category. The challenge faced in through-wall radar sensing relates to the attenuation and distortion of signals propagating through one or more walls prior to interacting with objects of interest. In addition, radar images obtained by near-field sideby scanning are heavily dominated by the scattering of the exterior walls and thereby obscuring the interior details which are of primary interest. This is illustrated in Figure 1.


Purpose Purulent bacterial conjunctivitis affects all ages with high frequency in newborns and children. Our aim was to analyze in children especially in infants, the efficacy and safety of azithromycin 1.5% eye‐drops in the treatment of this disease.


The present invention is a semiconductor-producing high-density plasma as the chemical on the vapor deposition apparatus, in particular, is installed at the top of the deposition chamber is installed in the lower portion of the upper chamber, which is applied with a driving power source, the deposition chamber is applied with a driving power supply electrostatic chuck and the wafer is mounted , and angle adjusting means disposed at a predetermined interval relative to the horizontal plane on the inner walls of the deposition chamber and the plurality of gas distribution using the injector for injecting a source gas wear increased chemical vapor, adjusting the angle of inclination of the plurality of gas distribution using the injector, the high-density plasma but control the chemical vapor deposition apparatus, to a semiconductor manufacturing a high density plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus having through angle adjusting means and control means for adjusting the inclination angle of the minute gas using the injector. High density plasma chemical vapor deposition, an injector, an angle


This paper explores the crime "trafficking in human beings" which has millions of victims all over the world. Eastern Europe, in particular Bulgaria, are especially affected by the problem. In the text a comparison of the main characteristics of modern and old slavery are presented. In regard to increased migration flows in Europe and in the world the differences and similarities between human trafficking and human smuggling are discussed. The main models for counteraction of trafficking of human beings are presented. It is stressed the need for more scientific studies which to build the basis for development of knowledge-based policies.


This paper deals with the state estimation of linear time-invariant systems for which measurements of the output are available sporadically. To solve the considered problem, we provide an observer with jumps triggered by incoming measurements, which is studied in a hybrid systems framework. Specifically, the resulting system is written in estimation error coordinates and augmented with a timer variable that triggers the event of new measurements arriving. Then, the observer design is performed to achieve global exponential stability (GES) of a closed set including the points for which the state of the plant and its estimate coincide. Furthermore, a computationally tractable design procedure for the proposed observer is presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated in two numerical examples.


T The charge distribution of pions produced in a high energy collision of two nucleons is calculated by means of a statistical model including excited nucleons. The results are compared with experimental data. The qualitative agreement is obtained for the ratio of (single pi⁻) to ( pi⁻+ pi⁰) to ( pi⁺ + pi⁻) in an n-p collision, but not for the ra tio of ( pi⁺ to ( pi⁻) in a p--Be colIision. (auth)


Abstract Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) play an important role in the small-scale industry as well as the largescale industry in handling materials inside factories from one place to another. In the last days, the materials to be handled are more numerous and as production and demand increase, it strongly influences the transport of materials in desperate need of a vehicle to distribute, position the materials within the industry. AGVs are generally installed with wires at ground level and signals are transmitted through them to be controlled. Due to the emergence of the AGV, the workload of the human being gradually decreased and the production efficiency increased. Thus, the need for an AGV has become more technologically important in the advanced robotic world. Normally, these systems are integrated into a global production system, where is a need to make direct changes in the design and planning of the floor store to get most of them. But in the rapidly changing production system and the adaptable floor store, the implementation of AGV has become very important and difficult, because it depends on many systems, such as wires, frequency, total production, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an independent AGV, which can operate on its own and make decisions based on changes in the environment.


Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in chengdu area and its clinical significance.Methods HBV genotypes of 98 patients were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results The frequency of HBV genotypes B 、C and BC mixed genotype,in chronic asymptomatic HBV carries (ASC)group was 60.0%(27/45) 、35.6%(16/45)and 4.4%(2/45),and those of HBV genotypes in liver cirrhosic(LC) 、hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC)gruoup was 26.42%(14/53)、58.49%(31/53)and 15.19%(8/53).There was a significant difference of the distribution of HBV genotypes betwenn the two groups (x2=11.94,P0.01).Conclusion HBV genotypes B and C were the major genotype of HBV infectious population in Chengdu area. The major type in Asc gruoup was genotype B,and in LC、HCC group it was genotype C.


This chapter provides an annotated bibliography of studies on the economic benefits of a community college degree. It includes national surveys and graduate surveys done at individual colleges.


Acoustic echoes retrieval is a research topic that is gaining importance in many speech and audio signal processing applications such as speech enhancement, source separation, dereverberation and room geometry estimation. This work proposes a novel approach to blindly retrieve the off-grid timing of early acoustic echoes from a stereophonic recording of an unknown sound source such as speech. It builds on the recent framework of continuous dictionaries. In contrast with existing methods, the proposed approach does not rely on parameter tuning nor peak picking techniques by working directly in the parameter space of interest. The accuracy and robustness of the method are assessed on challenging simulated setups with varying noise and reverberation levels and are compared to two state-of-the-art methods.


The paper compares well known techniques of modeling resonant converters. The three techniques are: sampled data, extended describing function (EDF), and the approximate method. The comparison is undertaken to identify the advantages and shortfalls of each technique. Numerical, simulation, and experimental results of each technique for the series parallel resonant converter with an inductive output filter, as a case study, are recorded. The comparison aims to get the most accurate method with the least mathematical effort.


SrTiO3 films were grown on 8-inch-diameter Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition [CVD] using bis(dipivaloylmethanato) strontium [ Sr(DPM)2], titanium tetraisopropoxide [ Ti(OiPr)4] and O2. We have developed an oil-circulating showerhead-type nozzle to prevent condensation and decomposition of source materials. Conditions of supplying Sr(DPM)2 were investigated with respect to cylinder pressure and the charge in the cylinder, using a simple vapor transport system. The deposition rate of SrTiO3 films on 8-inch wafers was improved to 2 nm/min by increasing the charge in the source cylinder and decreasing the cylinder pressure. A thickness uniformity of 3.4% and a composition uniformity of 4.6% were obtained by complete mixing of gases. A step coverage of 85% was obtained using Sr(DPM)2, titanyl bis(dipivaloylmethanato) [ TiO(DPM)2] and N2O.


The demand for newer technologies in the recent years has led to an exponentially increase in energy consumption. One of the main topics in which the markets are demanding the manufacturers to focus in are safety international standards, and with a higher momentum when talking about electrical conductors. The latest trend in safety issued regarding the electrical conductors is manufacturing conductors with insulation free of halogen elements. Some of the compounds generally used for in inner conductors' (building wires) insulation are PVC and FEP in which the particles contain halogens such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine, elements belonging to Group 17 of the periodic table and, once in contact with fire, they emit toxic gases, opaque fumes, high acidity and corrosive materials spreading throughout their vicinity. This document aims to give the reader a glimpse of the new trends in electrical conductor's compounds and in specific, in halogen free conductors.


The claim that democracies do not go to war with one another has become one of the most widely accepted propositions in the field of international relations. This proposition may be true for stable and highly institutionalized democracies but to what extent is the claim generalizable to the full range of "democratic" regime types around the globe? Recent research that examines the relationship between democratization and war has argued that a number of boundary conditions must be placed on the general proposition that democracies do not fight each other. Since fully half of the new democracies in todays world can be classified as "illiberal" and most democratizing regimes are composed of a variety of democratic and undemocratic liberal and illiberal elements the relationship between domestic processes of democratization and their foreign policy outcomes is worth exploring in more detail through structured case studies. In this article I take up this task by examining Turkish foreign policy making during the 1974 Cyprus crisis. I argue that evidence from the Turkish case lends support to much of the causal logic of the democratization and war argument and it further demonstrates that both structural and normative explanations for the "democratic peace" may only be valid under limited sets of conditions. (excerpt)


We present a novel implementation of a dense, square, non-structured matrix factorization algorithm, namely the WZ factorization - with the use of graphics processors (GPUs) and CPUs to gain a high performance at a low cost. We rewrite this factorization as operations on blocks of matrices and vectors. We have implemented our block-vector algorithm on GPUs with the use of an appropriate (and ready-to-use) GPU-accelerated mathematical library, namely the CUBLAS library. We compared the performance of our algorithm with CPU implementations. In particular, our implementation on an NVIDIA Tesla C2050 GPU outperforms a CPU-based implementation. Our results show that the algorithm scales well with the size of matrices; moreover, the larger the matrix, the better the performance. We also discuss the impact of the size of the matrix and the use of ready-to-use mathematical libraries on the numerical accuracy.


Digging of planting pits is a labourious, tedious and time consuming operation in the planting of tea. In practice, it is difficult to make pits of uniform size in terms of diameter and depth. Tractor-mounted 4-hole pit digger used in a couple of gardens was highly useful for making pits of specific size, swift in area coverage and minimum use of manpower. Rated capacity (HP) of tractor for operation depended upon soil type of the area intended for planting. Consumption of fuel (diesel) is the major factor in cost economics.


Entek Manufacturing of Lebanon, Ore., a manufacturer of polyethylene battery separator material, has had its pollution abatement system called one of the best in the industry by the state's Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). To comply with the state's strict solvent emission requirements, Entek's system had to operate at a minimum 90% recovery efficiency 24 hours a day. The activated carbon adsorption unit custom designed and installed by Vara International, a division of Calgon Carbon Corp., has exceeded that, operating at measured efficiencies of 99.8%. Entek's products are made from a process using trichloroethylene, and are used to envelop the metal plates in batteries for automobiles, trucks, tractors and other types of machinery. Even with Entek's process, it still requires a solvent recovery system capable of handling high concentrations of chlorinated solvent.


Globalization of education is one of the focal,and most difficult areas in the study of education.From the dimensio n of group and direction in globalization,the author divides globalization into two categories:global education of the discourse and global education of the mon ologue.Under the circumstances,a new coordinate for the future development of C hin ese education ought to be from China to the whole world.


Simple Summary Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) refers to the removal of the primary renal tumor in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In the past, the combination of CN with cytokine-based immunotherapy was considered the standard of care. However, CN's role during the targeted treatment era remains controversial. We attempted to address this issue by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. We synthesized data from 15 studies comparing CN and targeted therapy to targeted therapy alone. Our results show that CN combined with targeted therapy was associated with increased survival compared to targeted therapy only. Careful patient selection is required to take full advantage of any survival benefit that CN may offer. Future research endeavors should focus on developing appropriate prognostic models to guide appropriate patient selection for CN. Abstract The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains controversial during the targeted therapy era. To reconcile the current literature, we analyzed the reported survival data at the individual patient level and compared the long-term survival outcomes of CN combined with targeted therapy vs. targeted therapy alone in patients with mRCC. We performed a systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (end-of-search date: 21 July 2020). We recuperated individual patient data from the Kaplan–Meier curves for overall (OS), progression-free (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) from each study. We subsequently performed one-stage frequentist and Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses using both Cox proportional hazards and restricted mean survival time (RMST) models. Two-stage random-effects meta-analyses were also performed as sensitivity analyses. A subgroup analysis was also performed to determine the effect of CN timing. Fifteen studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria were identified, including fourteen retrospective cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial. In the one-stage frequentist meta-analysis, the CN group had superior OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–0.62, p < 0.0001) and CSS (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53–0.75, p < 0.0001). No meaningful clinical difference was observed in PFS (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80–1.02, p = 0.09). One-stage Bayesian meta-analysis also revealed superior OS (HR: 0.59, 95% credibility interval [CrI]: 0.55–0.63) and CSS (HR: 0.63, 95% CrI: 0.53–0.75) in the CN group, while no meaningful clinical difference was detected in PFS (HR: 0.91, 95% CrI: 0.80–1.02). Similar results were obtained with the RMST models. The OS benefit was also noted in the two-stage meta-analyses models, and in the subgroup of patients who received upfront CN. The combination of CN and targeted therapy for mRCC may lead to superior long-term survival outcomes compared to targeted therapy alone. Careful patient selection based on prognostic factors is required to optimize outcomes.


Developed tools for assessment of investment provision of innovative development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex. He is represented in the form of an integrated system of the main technical and economic indicators of the economic efficiency estimation of investments and costs in industrial and innovation production of innovation active enterprises. The algorithms of calculation of these indicators and models address the critical management problems aimed at reducing levels of capital intensity and input intensities units shipped to customers industrial (including innovative) products. Practical application of the developed Toolkit provides increase of efficiency of innovative development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex.


Despite incremental progress over the last several decades, adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult to treat, and many patients experience therapeutic resistance, i.e. never attain a complete remission (CR) despite living long enough to have done so (i.e. are "primary refractory")


Objective To construct Vitamin C(Vit C) encapsulated microemulsions by employing isoamyl acetate, isopropyl myristate, sunflower oil or castor oil as the continuous phase and analyze their infrared spectral(IR) properties. Methods The ternary phase diagrams were constructed by water-dilution method to determine the phase behaviors of aqueous solution of nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene(10) oleyl ether(Brij97) in isoamyl acetate, isopropyl myristate, sunflower oil and castor oil; the reverse emulsions were formed with Brij97, oil phase and Vit C, and the structural difference of the microemulsion systems with or without Vit C was investigated through FT-IR; the O-H stretching vibration peak and micro-environment of each microemulsion system were analyzed using Gaussian curve fitting method. Results Reverse microemulsions have been formed with Brij97 aqueous solution in four oils respectively. FT-IR measurements and analyses indicated after solubilization of Vit C, the fourth new Gaussian peak in high frequency zone is obtained for the O-H stretching vibration of the microemulsion. The new peak waved irregularly along with changes of oil concentration in the isoamyl acetate and isopropyl myristate systems, while moved to lower frequency region along with the decrease of oil content for the sunflower oil and castor oil systems. Conclusion It is more effective in forming reverse microemulsion with isoamyl acetate and isopropyl myristate as continuous phase than with sunflower oil or castor oil as continuous phase. In addition, FR-IR spectra showed that Vit C was completely wrapped into the hydrophilic kernel of reverse microemulsion, and the multipeak fitting results showed that the introduction of Vit C resulted in a new combined water in the microenvironment of the system.


Audrey Hepburn's Hollywood debut in the 1953 film Roman Holiday made the 24 year old gamine actress an instant star, and she became one of the most popular western film stars of the 1950's and the 1960's (Walker 8586).1 Particularly, it was her clothes and looks that garnered great attention and admiration, and it is precisely her style that is the focus of this paper. Why did Hepburn's style become so popular, why did she have such resonance especially for young white women in the 1950's? I'm dealing here with possible, shared readings of Hepburn available, and also employed, at the time. My examples, though from Finnish sources, serve here to illustrate a wider "Audrey style" phenomenon in Western countries. I shall examine a look-alike competition organised by Finnish film magazine Uutisaitta in 1955, and present excerpts from the diary of a young Finnish girl in the 1950's, Satu Koskimies, published in 50-luvun tytöt. Katarina Haavio ja Satu Koskimies. Päiväkirjat 1951-1956 (Katarina Haavio and Satu Koskimies Girls of the 50's. Diaries from 1951-1956). According to Jackie Stacey, the relationship between a female spectator and a star ideal is characterised by "contradictions of similarity and difference, recognition and separateness" (Stacey 126-127). The mechanisms of stardom are similarly dualistic. A star is like the rest of us, but somehow special and out of reach (McDonald 7, 12; Welsch 16-17). Identification, then, is seen here as a diverse and fluid cultural process, where the differences and similarities between star and spectator are constantly negotiated. Female stars are consumable images of ideal femininity and beauty. Particularly with female spectators, identification with these stars is closely linked to the consumption of other commodities (Stacey 3-5; McDonald 5-7; Dyer 2000a, 121-124; Morley 274). So what was at stake in liking Audrey and being like Audrey? It is important to note my own admiration of Hepburn and her style, but also the historical nature of a star image. The Hepburn I confront today in magazines and films is not the same encountered by spectators 50 years ago; my reading of her is historically predetermined. Indeed, as I have discovered firsthand while working on this paper, it is not possible to see a figure like Hepburn without all the meanings associated with her over time. Hepburn has become an icon, and her way of dressing – cutting edge and striking 50 years ago – is today a standard of classic style.


Students' preferences for oral error correction can be one of the crucial elements that influence their success in language learning. If teachers try to identify and match these preferences, this can increase the students' eagerness to learn the target language. As error correction is one of the essential practices in language classrooms, students need to be given a chance to express their preferences about how they prefer to be corrected, and teachers need to acquaint themselves with students' preferences. The aim of this study was to determine male and female Saudi EFL students' preferences for the correction of oral errors and to find out the similarities and differences between their preferences. Concurrently, the extent of teachers' awareness of Saudi EFL students' preferences for the correction of oral errors was also investigated for the first time. One hundred Saudi EFL students (50 males and 50 females) enrolled in an intensive English course at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, were randomly selected to participate in this study. Furthermore, eight teachers were included in this study. The data was collected through the administration of two questionnaires. The results revealed that the preferences of the male and female students were very similar. The teachers were aware of most of the students' preferences but they were unaware of some of their preferences. The study clarified that the students preferred to be corrected in a certain way. For example, they did not want their teachers to correct their errors in private sessions.


Abstract The replacement of liquid-in-glass (LIG) thermometers with electronic thermometers in the National Weather Service (NWS) cooperative (co-op) network and concern for homogeneous temporal temperature records prompted this comparison study between the two temperature sensors. This study shows that the new National Weather Service maximum-minimum temperature sensors (MMTS) underestimate LIG maximum temperatures by as much as 0.6°C, but are virtually equal to LIG minimum temperatures. The magnitude of differences increases with increasing solar loading and decreased wind speeds, apparently due to better ventilation characteristics of the MMTS shelter compared to those of a cotton-region shelter. Any comparison of MMTS records with the LIG record will therefore require wind and solar observations. Unfortunately, neither wind nor solar is measured at NWS co-op sites, requiring the use of data from the nearest observing station. Obviously, the time of change from LIG sensors to the MMTS is of paramount i...


To reveal the effects of CO2 and CO on the reduction of NO in oxy-fuel fluidised bed combustion, NO–CO reduction catalysed by calcined limestone and NO–char reduction were studied in a suspension-bed reactor under CO2 or N2 atmosphere with the CO concentration varied from 0.28 to 1.88%. Results showed that the calcined limestone is an effective catalyst for NO–CO reduction. The activation energy of NO–CO reduction over calcined limestone was 157–164 kJ/mol at low temperature (600–800°C) and decreased to 58.7–102.1 kJ/mol at high temperature (800–100°C). In CO2 atmosphere, the NO conversion ratio was nearly zero during the NO–CO reduction process, and for NO–char reduction, the NO conversion ratio in CO2 was lower than that in N2. However, CO showed promotion effect on NO reduction. In NO–CO reduction process, as the CO concentration increased from 0.28% to 1.88%, the NO reduction ratio increased from 0.40 to 0.75. For NO–char reduction in N2, the NO conversion ratio was obviously higher when 1% CO was introduced, and the promotion effect of CO became weaker as the temperature increased. Moreover, the promoting effect of CO was inhibited in CO2 atmosphere.


Security management is a specific type of management, due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the security recognition. It includes a number of activities that require planning, organizing, motivating (including conducting) and controlling management processes implemented in each subsystem. A significant role in the efficient functioning of these subsystems is played by the public administration, which plays a serving role, and at the same time a priority from the perspective of contacts with the recipient – a citizen. Considering above, the aim of the study was to present the benefits of effective communication of the public administration with the environment through the use of public relations . It has been shown that the ideal tool for assisting is the concept of relationship marketing, which is also an ideal platform for shaping the security culture through loyalty and openness of power to the needs of the individual recipient (citizen).