Background: Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemias are common clinical problem among users of glucocorticoids (GCs). The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus peel (AEPE) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced in rats by dexamethasone (DEXA). Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Each group was treated for 10 days either with 2% carboxymethylcellulose orally (normal control); 10 mg/kg DEXA subcutaneously (hyperglycemic group); 100 mg/kg AEPE orally plus 10 mg/kg DEXA subcutaneously (treatment group 1); or 200 mg/kg AEPE orally plus 10 mg/kg DEXA subcutaneously (treatment group 2). Animals were killed after 10 days of treatments by decapitation, their blood collected for the analysis of blood sugar and lipid profile. Results: Treatment with DEXA induced a significant increase in blood glucose and all lipids and a significant reduction in body weights. After 10 days of treatment, 100 mg/kg of AEPE was able to significantly reduce the effect of DEXA on triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) only. 200 mg/kg of AEPE was able to significantly reduce the effect of DEXA on blood glucose levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Both doses of AEPE were able to increase high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: This study suggests that the AEPE could be beneficial in protecting against GC-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.


Several location methods developed at SDAC are evaluated by comparing location errors of these methods against errors computed with the standard method. The new methods include: Using P travel times in laterally heterogeneous media: A station travel time residual correlation matrix in the normal equations; Location with simultaneous determination of Pn, Pg, and Lg velocities; Combination of the correlation matrix method and the simultaneous determination method. All the methods evaluated in this report appear to give smaller absolute epicenter and depth errors than the standard method of locating events. Furthermore, these methods do not use station corrections; therefore the locations obtained are not station- or region-dependent. They can be used to locate seismic events in any source region, with any set of stations. When average location errors are compared against errors with the standard method, the correlation matrix is about 3 km better, e.g., about 17 kilometers as compared to 20 kilometers; the regional models method is 3 to 6 km better, e.g., about 5 kilometers as compared to 9 kilometers, depending on whether near-regional stations are used. The average location errors from the true epicenters using regional data are approximately 6 km. The addition of Lg arrivals to locatemore » events did not result in better locations. Typically, we added 6 Lg arrival times to a total of 15 Pn and Pg arrival times. The lack of improvement may be attributed to a greater variance in Lg travel times.« less


The new development of Bi-Warfare Simulation System demands logical structure and communication mechanism,in order to satisfy high-performance and application extension of the system. By performance test of throughput and real-time performance for C/S Servers based on ACE design patterns,the influence of ACE design patterns on Bi-Warfare Simulation System is analyzed and studied.


The application of map space information measurement method in geo-information map was studied.The index information entropy was introduced into space information measurement method.The experiment showed that it is feasible for combining map space information measurement method and geo-information map to analyze information.And introducing index information entropy into map space information measurement could avoid the appearance of undefinition value and zero value.


This report documents the findings of a project aimed at adapting an existing particulate, mass-measuring device for quick, on-line determinations of the amount of carbon in fly ash. The presence of carbon reduces the efficiency of boilers and decreases the marketability of fly ash. Fly ash is typically used to stabilize certain coal waste products and in building materials. The market value of fly ash as a recyclable waste is inversely proportional to its carbon content. The system was successfully tested on-line at the Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation's Russel Station. Coal-fired utilities could use this instrument, capable of diagnostic and continuous monitoring to help burn coal more efficiently and reduce carbon concentrations in emissions. Included in the report are a description of the Real-Time Mass Measurement -- TEOM(TM), oxidation studies, filter and heater-design operation data and laboratory and on-site measurements of operations.


The invention provides a receiving device and method for accelerating equalization convergence. The device and method are applied to the receiving end of a communication device. The communication device comprises an equalizer. The receiving device comprises a filter and a channel estimator, wherein the filter is used for filtering a received signal so that the multi-path effect of the received signal can be reduced, and outputting a filtered signal, the channel estimator is used for carrying out channel estimation on the received signal, and thus generating an estimation result, and which one of the received signal and the filtered signal is selected to be transmitted to the equalizer according to the estimation result.


Three-dimensional stereoscopic illustrations formerly have not been a standard part of the subsurface geologist's toolkit. Now the immense complexity of stereograms can be resolved by inexpensive software on a personal computer. The construction technique is a simple combination of known technology. The subsurface geologist can gain an entirely new viewpoint. These new illustrations yield new patterns, new relationships, and prospective anomalies. The purpose of this study is to present a regional sampling of this new mode of geologic illustration. Oklahoma, west Texas, and the Gulf Coast were chosen because of the wide variety of structural and stratigraphic styles, the prolific reserves associated with entrapments, and the abundance of subsurface geologic data and published maps.


In this paper we consider the possibility of using remote sensing data for determining various negative factors affecting archaeological objects condition on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. Fortified settlements, with the system of defensive fortifications, were selected as the objects of study, as they are easily identified by remote sensing data. In our view, the analysis of medieval Volga Bulgars (X-XIII centuries A.D.), the most common in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, has the highest priority. The first task by using remote sensing was to obtain actual data on the current condition of archaeological monuments located on the Kuibyshev reservoir shore, where the threat of destruction is maximized. Due to the fact, that most of the Volga-Bulgaria settlements, is located on the small rivers banks, the second task was geomorphological description of monuments placement in order to assess the risk of their destruction by natural processes. Third objective was to evaluate the role of the human factor in archaeological sites destruction. Ancient settlements under different types of negative impact were selected for the study. Deciphering of multitemporal remote sensing data allowed to assess the objects condition and to predict the risk of further damage. Additionally, it made able to correct the form of the Bulgars hillforts in comparison with existing plans, as well their size and location in the landscape, to restore the original appearance of destroyed fortified settlements, to determine precise coordinates for the further use of these data in the archaeological geographic information systems.


Objectives: To found the crux of the problem of the low reservation rate of outpatient service by the analysis the large general hospital reservation status survey and thus make more rational methods of out-patient preregistration.Methods: A questionnaire random given to registered patients to get various information;total registered data were got through HIS system and hospital appointments network system for all hospital preregistration.Microsoft Office Excel 2003 was used to comparative data.Results: The small proportion of appointment,narrow preregistration information coverage,patients registered habits,booking clients preferred expert,were the objective factors of low booking rate of preregistration.Conclusions: A valid booking visit publicity,diversified reservation service,booking priority treatment in patients with and segmented sub-period reservation are maybe effective means for increasing rate of preregistration.


Gutzwiller projection is a way to construct many-body wave functions that could carry topological order or symmetry protected topological (SPT) order. However, an important issue is to determine whether or not a given Gutzwiller-projected wave functions (GWF) carries a non-trivial SPT order, and which SPT order is carried by the wavefunction. In this paper, we numerically study the SPT order in a spin $S = 1$ GWF on the Kagome lattice. Using the standard Monte Carlo method, we directly confirm that the GWF has (1) gapped bulk with short-range correlations, (2) a trivial topological order via nondegenerate ground state, and zero topological entanglement entropy, (3) a non-trivial $U(1)\times U(1)$ SPT order via the Hall conductances of the protecting $U(1)\times U(1)$ symmetry, and (4) symmetry protected gapless boundary. This represents numerical evidence of continuous symmetry protected topological order in two-dimensional bosonic lattice systems.


The utility model discloses a multi-information integration-based integrated transmission line state monitoring device. The monitoring device consists of an on-line sensing device, an on-tower sensing device, a special wireless network, a monitoring device, an information main station and a solar battery, which are used for realizing the integration of monitoring information of a transmission line. With the device, the problems that the existing monitoring devices are repeatedly and disorderly distributed and have single function can be solved, the sensing resources can be configured to the maximum extent while the monitoring accuracy is improved, the device cost and communication expense can be lowered.


Hospital admission associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) creates significant distress for children, caregivers and families, with effects lasting up to 60 days after discharge.


Alcohol has direct and indirect toxic effects on the brain, such as oxidative metabolism, inflammatory reactions, and DNA damage. This article describes neuroimaging findings of alcohol-induced encephalopathies including brain atrophy, osmotic demyelination syndrome, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, Wernicke's encephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Symptoms of these disorders are often non-specific, so a thorough understanding of neuroimaging findings is important for prompt diagnoses and treatment.


For the next age of mobile and wireless communications systems. Filter bank multicarrier conjunction with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM) is the non-orthogonal multicarrier modulation techniques, which is mention as an essential and prominent player. It has several advantages, such as higher spectral efficiency, as compared to the traditional methods. Nevertheless, FBMC-OQAM still has a critical weakness similar to OFDM system, which is a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) at the transmitter. There are several varieties of the technique presented to defeat the severe PAPR issue. The Trellis-based D-SLM technique is presented to employ and achieve a significantly improve PAPR curtailment performance. However, The Trellis-based method still has a limitation of its high computational complexity. This study presents the Trellis-based D-SLM scheme with artificial bee colony (ABC) phase optimization, which achieves lower computational complexity. The results of PAPR performance evaluation through computer simulation, the proposed technique can deliver a performance of PAPR reduction similar to the conventional Trellis-based D-SLM technique, but the proposed technique requires around 10% computation complexity of the conventional technique.


This special issue commemorates the enormous exertions undertaken in the fight against onchocerciasis in the Republic of Guatemala. Our story turns back the clock to the 1970s when Guatemala was in the midst of a Civil War. Under the dark cloud of social conflict, there were many Guatemalans and Japanese who worked hand in hand to struggle with a neglected disease of a neglected people. The story begins with Dr. Figueroa, who dedicated himself to field investigations of onchocerciasis in the remote mountain areas of Guatemala. In his monograph, he says that onchocerciasis was called "coffee disease" locally as most patients were poor coffee plantation laborers. This symbolic expression helps us to understand the social implications of the disease. Dr. Figueroa felt great empathy with these sufferers but may have felt isolated as a scientist for a long time. The Guatemala-Japan Cooperative Project against onchocerciasis began in 1975. The project team involved a variety of Guatemalan and Japanese researchers with disciplines as diverse as entomology, epidemiology, parasitology, immunology, dermatology, ophthalmology and human ecology. Such a broad academic mix was required due to the fact that very little was then known about Guatemalan onchocerciasis at all. At that time, there were no drugs for its treatment. Thus, vector control was seen as the key to its elimination. For African onchocerciasis, an effective vector control method had already been established. In order to devise a similarly effective control programme in Guatemala, much basic research was required. Little was known, for example, about the behavior and life habits of the local vector blackflies, and how this impacted on disease epidemiology. Undoubtedly, the cooperative control project could not have been effective without a multidisciplinary approach. At the end of this special issue, we present a long list of the academic articles produced by the project. However, our story does not finish only with the publishing of academic papers. Following the careful accumulation of scientific evidence, the teams moved on to apply their knowledge to the practice of vector control. A new method was tested in the pilot areas to reduce the numbers of blackfly larvae that lived in the local streams. This control method was shown to be very effective and it was duly scaled up and rolled out. This was a critical time during which the research project broke through its traditional style of cooperation. Although the articles we archive in this special issue do not explicitly state it, the Japanese researchers must have garnered a wealth of practical knowledge from the Guatemalan field technicians who were well experienced in malaria control. Without mutual respect and trust between the scientists and the field technicians, such a large-scale operation would never have been successful. The eight-year cooperative project ended in 1983, and a new chapter in our story begins. The Guatemalan Ministry of Health, motivated by the project's findings, kept working on the control of onchocerciasis, even after the strategy changed dramatically with the development of mass drug administration around 1990. When the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas was launched in 1991, Guatemala was selected among a possible six countries to host the program's head office. It is easy to imagine that the Guatemalan researchers involved in the Guatemala-Japan cooperative project played leading roles in sharing knowledge and experience with scientists from other countries. Our story has a happy ending of course; onchocerciasis was eliminated in Guatemala, México, Colombia and Ecuador by 2014. The journey to eliminate Guatemalan onchocerciasis began with dedicated and passionate scientists from Guatemala and Japan. Their passion moved the governments. Many scientists and field technicians gathered to work for the control of this most neglected disease. Finally, a life-long commitment led to a victory over the disease. This experience imparts a simple truth; that disease control programs require confidence and respect amongst the people involved, regardless of either profession or nationality. Dr. Figueroa's favourite phrase "Querer es poder" (where there's a will, there's a way) is a simple way to summarise the main lesson inherent in the remarkable story of the elimination of onchocerciasis from Guatemala.


The paper describes work done at the University of Strathclyde, creating both educational documents within the World Wide Web, and further, for integrating pedagogically neutral simulations of engineering phenomena within the hypermedia environment which the World Wide Web provides. The facilities and tools for building the simulation applications, and for embedding them within the WWW are via Project INTERACT, and were built at the three sites involved in the project, University of Cambridge, Heriot Watt University, and University of Strathclyde. (11 pages)


The previously selected method (1977) for the measurement of iron in human serum has been modified by the working group on Iron and Iron-Transport Proteins (Sociéte Française de Biologie Clinique). Ferene S is used as the chromogen, it is more sensitive and cheaper than bathophenanthroline. The sample size has been reduced from 2 to 0.5 ml. No interference could be shown with high concentrations of bilirubin, copper or hemoglobin.


Purpose: Control of cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic people is of tremendous importance to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk related to diabetes. We aimed at describing the achievement of targets for controlling cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic subjects from a population-based sample, using the recent updated European Society of Cardiology guidelines for cardiovascular prevention, as reference.

Methods: A sample of 4769 men and women, aged 35-74 years, was randomly selected in 2005-2007 by drawing on polling lists from three French areas located in Northern, North-eastern and South-western France. People were extensively described as regard to their cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle habits and use of drug treatments. A fasting blood sample was drawn for plasma lipid, haemoglobin A1c and glucose measurement.

Results: The prevalence of diabetes (defined as the use of hypoglycaemic drugs or fasting glycaemia ≥7 mmol/l) was 5.9% in this middle-age sample [95% confidence interval: 5.3%-6.6%], with 95% of diabetics considered as being at very high risk (combining diabetes plus documented cardiovascular disease, or one or more associated cardiovascular risk factor(s), or chronic kidney disease). The percentage of diabetics achieving the target for haemoglobin A1c (<7%) was 64.5%, varying according to the level of risk (87% among high risk and 63% among very high risk diabetics, p=0.065), and according to drug treatment (83% among untreated diabetics, 75% among those treated with one oral hypoglycaemic agent, 49% for a combination of two oral agents, 19% for a combination of three, and 37% among people under insulin-based hypoglycaemic treatment, p<0.0001). Control of associated risk factors was poor: only 19% of diabetics reached the target for blood pressure (<140/80 mmHg), 27% had LDL-cholesterol <2.5 mmol/l and 4% had LDL-cholesterol <1.8 mmol/l. Non HDL-cholesterol (which is supposed to be no more than 0.8 mmol/l higher than LDL-cholesterol) was <3.3 mmol/l in 26% of diabetics and <2.6 mmol/l in 5%.

Conclusions: In this sample, control of cardiovascular risk factors is worrying among diabetic patients, with about two thirds only achieving haemoglobin A1c target, one fifth presenting with controlled blood pressure and a quarter achieving LDL-cholesterol below 2.5 mmol/l. Though these data were collected in 2005-2007, dramatic efforts seem to be needed to improve the implementation of European guidelines among French people.


Objective: This study aimed to assess the iodine deficiency, prevalence of goitre among schoolchildren and measuring environmental iodine in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional multistage cluster-sampling methodology was done on 1887 schoolchildren. Their urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and goitre prevalence was assessed. Blood level of triiodothyronin, thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating-hormone was carried out for students with normal, mild; moderate and sever iodine deficiency. The iodine content of salt, water and soil was also assessed. Results: Goitre prevalence was 7.4% and about 71% of the participants had UIC less than 100μg/L. An inverse relationship between median UIC and the percent prevalence of goitre was found. The mean serum T3, T4 and TSH were 1.05ng/dL, 6.81µg/dL, and 5.69mIU/L, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the mean value of urinary iodine and the mean value of both T3 and T4. While a significant negative correlation between the mean value of urinary iodine and the mean value of TSH was also noted. Conclusions: The results revealed the presence of a potential public health problem of iodine deficiency among school going children in high altitude areas of Saudi Arabia. There is a need to monitor and evaluate the salt iodization process, and distribute adequately iodized salt in the affected areas.


In this brief, the authors examine the link between oil and female labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa.


Continuing advances in radar technology are driven both by new application regimes and technological innovations. A family of applications of increasing importance is detection of a mobile target intruding into a protected area, and one type of radar system architecture potentially well suit ed to this type of application entails a network of cooperating radars. In this paper, we study optimal radar deployment for intrusion detection, with focus on network coverage. In con trast to the disk-based sensing model in a traditional senso r network,the detection range of a bistatic radar depends on the locations of both the radar transmitter and radar receiver, and is characterized by Cassini ovals. Furthermore, in a network with multiple radar transmitters and receivers, since any pair of transmitter and receiver can potentially form a bistatic radar, the detection ranges of different bistatic radars are coupled and the corresponding network coverage is intimately related to the locations of all transmitters and receivers, making the optimal deployment design highly non-trivial. Clearly, the detectab ility of an intruder depends on the highest SNR received by all possible bistatic radars. We focus on the worst-case intrusion detectability, i.e., the minimum possible detecta bility along all possible intrusion paths. Although it is plausible to deploy radars on a shortest line segment across the field, it is not always optimal in general, which we illustrat e via counter-examples. We then present a sufficient conditio n on the field geometry for the optimality of shortest line deployment to hold. Further, we quantify the local structure of detectability corresponding to a given deployment order and spacings of radar transmitters and receivers, building on which we characterize the optimal deployment to maximize the worst-case intrusion detectability. Our results show t hat the optimal deployment locations exhibit a balanced structure. We also develop a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for characterizing the worse-case intrusion path f or any given locations of radars under random deployment.


Abstract Herein, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of pistachio seed coat waste is investigated. The surface plasmon resonance peak at 443 nm was observed in the nanoparticles by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). To identify potential biomolecules involved in the bio-reduction of silver ions, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) show irregular shapes with an average size of ∼20 nm. The active surface determined by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis was 22 m2/g. The effect of silver nanoparticles on eggplants sprayed with a nanoparticle suspension of 75 mg/L led to increased plant growth and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The fly ash addition to the soil promoted plant growth. The highest increase in plant growth occurs when plants were sprayed with 75 ppm AgNPs in 20% fly ash amended soil.


Purpose To elucidate the effect of Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of a local ROCK‐inhibitor AMA0076 (Amakem NV) in the rabbit eye.


A 16Mb RRAM Chip with source line (SL) current limitation and a novel programming strategy is developed. Comparing with traditional gate control current method, SET operation with source current control can significantly narrow the read current distribution. The programming strategy is optimized simultaneously using a low current multi-step forming and single pulse program operation. With these optimizations, the raw bit yield is improved to 99.99%. Meanwhile the devices on the chip showed good endurance up to 10^6 cycles without degradation. After 10^6 cycles the bit error rate of the array is still less than 0.2%. The chip also showed 10 years' retention at 85ºC.


The invention pertains to a biosensor with a chemoreceptor for detecting one or more trace components produced by burning. The chemoreceptor is preferably connected to a semiconductor component via an electrolyte. The biosensor can be designed in such a way that only a small number of insect antenna segments, in particular a single such segment, is connected at one end of the chemoreceptor directly or via the electrolyte to the semiconductor component.


Stabilization is important in earthen construction in order to improve mechanical strength, volumetric stability, workability and even ductility. Currently, the products used to stabilize the earth are lime, Portland cement and bitumen emulsions. Due to the environmental problems that the mankind faces nowadays, the use of earthen construction is increasing. Adobe is the most traditional type of block used in masonry. To improve strength against water, a new way to stabilize this kind of unburned earth block is proposed by the alkaline activation of earth. This paper presents the first results about the experimentation made in the stabilization of soil with alkali activator. Two cure temperatures were tested: room temperature and oven at 50°C. The amounts of stabilizer used were 3% and 6% activator by mass of earth. Results show that it is possible for adobe blocks to be resistant to water action using the alkaline activation.


Astrometric CCD observations of visual components of double and multiple stars were performed using the RI MAO Axial Meridian Circle (AMC) with new Apogee Alta AI-F8300 CCD camera mounted at the telescope in 2018. Observations were carried out automatically in drift- scan mode using a standard R filter. Objects for observational program were selected from the Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS). During the 23 nights, 983 observations of 579 double and multiple systems from the WDS catalog were obtained. Astrometric reductions of the observations showed high accuracy, with an average error of one position about 0.1" in right ascension and declination for stars up to 16 mag , which were observed more than 3 times. The purpose of our study was to measure the parameters of the mutual configuration of pairs from the original images and to draw some conclusions about the physical connection of the components in the selected systems. The measurement array that will be sent to the WDS database includes values of positional angle, angular separation, stellar magnitude difference, and epoch of the observation. A detailed analysis of the pairs of stars in the selected 5 systems to clarify their composition and the nature of the link between them was made. Positional data from the Hipparcos, Tycho2, UCAC4, Gaia DR2, and Pan-STARRS (PS1) catalogs were used as sources of additional information about the investigated stars. The search for possible invisible stars in the selected systems was performed using the statistical Wielen method, based on the analysis of the differences of instantaneous and long-term averaged proper motions of the stars. The proper motions of the space Gaia DR2 catalog were considered to be instantaneous, the long-term averaged proper motions were used from Tycho-2 and UCAC4 catalogs. Obtained values of the statistical parameter in some cases indicate a high probability of existence of invisible close components in the studied systems. Detailed comments of the results for each of the selected systems are provided.


Through laboratory tests on mudcake and soil between bored piles in mud,clay and silt in Hangzhou,the influence of mudcake on shaft friction and the difference between mudcake and soil between bored piles were studied.In addition,by using laboratory tests on mud mixed with cement grout,the improved effect on mudcake with cement grout was analyzed.It was shown that compared with soil between bored piles,mudcake had high moisture content,high void ratio,high compressibility,low friction and shear strength.Mudcake was weaker than the pormer and became a weak layer between pile and soil and reduced the shaft friction of piles.Grouting could evidently improve mudcake.


A shortage of transportation funds requires For state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to combat that shortage by implementing innovative programs. Nationwide, Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in transportation projects are increasingly gaining acceptance as an alternative to the traditional approaches of project delivery and public funds. Due to the complexity of scale of PPP projects, it remains a challenging task for state DOTs to identify PPP opportunity while protecting public interest. This paper presents a framework for PPP feasibility study at the early phase of project development. The financing analysis process model is developed and refined for the guideline. The paper uses the state of Alabama as an example, but the feasibility study guideline and process model is in essence applicable to other states, especially to those states just launching a PPP program. Finally, the US 280 expansion project is discussed to demonstrate the analysis process and outcome. Three types of PPP models are compared and evaluated to achieve a feasible financing structure.


In this paper we obtain some possibilistic variants of the probabilistic laws of large numbers, different from those obtained by other authors, but very natural extensions of the corresponding ones in probability theory. Our results are based on the possibility measure and on the "maxitive" definitions for possibility expectation and possibility variance. Also, we show that in this frame, the weak form of the law of large numbers, implies the strong law of large numbers.


The sorption mechanism of Ni(II) on pyrite (FeS 2 ) and on arsenopyrite (FeAsS) has been investigated at pH 10, using complementary methods for surface characterization such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), high-frequency dielectric measurements and electrophoretic mobility measurements. At this pH, the surfaces of the minerals are rapidly covered by an oxidation layer composed mainly of Fe(III) oxides on FeS 2 and Fe(III) arsenite and arsenate on FeAsS and presenting negative zeta potentials of -40 and -60 mV, respectively. The first step of the interaction with Ni(II) is the formation of a hydroxylated surface complex through proton exchange with the surface hydroxyl groups (≡Fe-OH). Then, electrostatic interactions between colloidal Ni(II) and the surface produce a heterogeneous coating of an average thickness of a few nanometres. This film inhibits significantly the oxidation by H 2 O 2 of these two minerals, particularly FeAsS.


This paper critically examines whether charitable leisure trusts reflect a "third way' approach to service delivery. The research found that the trust investigated benefited from an enhanced leisure focus and the combination of a "business- like' approach and public sector ethos to produce: £2 million investment in facilities; a substantial reduction in council subsidy; reduced staff absenteeism; and a cultural change that extended middle managers' decision-making responsibilities to generate greater service ownership and customer focus. In addition, the knowledge and experience of those invited onto the trust's board of management provided quicker and better decisions more applicable to the prevailing leisure industry. However, the trust hadn't realized its "third way' potential because the council didn't appreciate the wider implications of New Labour's modernizing agenda. Its prime concern was with the pragmatic (financial) benefits from externalizing leisure facilities, rather than extensive strategic thought about the nature of the new organization being created, its environment, or role in the local area. This led to decisions that mitigated against a joined-up service.


We describe the infinitesimal geometric behavior of a large class of intrinsically smooth functions on the Sierpinski gasket in terms of the limit distribution of their local eccentricity, which is essentially the direction of the gradient. The distribution of eccentricicies is codified as an infinite dimensional perturbation problem for a suitable iterated function system, which has the limit distribution as an invariant measure. Continuity properties of the gradient are used to define a class of nearly harmonic functions which are well approximated by harmonic functions. The gradient is also used to identify the part of the Sierpinski gasket where a smooth function is nearly harmonic locally. We prove that for nearly harmonic functions the limit distribution is the same as that for harmonic functions found by Oberg, Strichartz and Yingst. In particular, we prove convergence in the Wasserstein metric. We consider uniform as well as energy weights.


In this paper, the notch of teeth, the shape changing and skew of permanent magnet are used to reduce the detent force. And addition, overhang of permanent magnet is applied to increase thrust because thrust is decreased by skew. As the results, detent force is decrease greatly about 98[%]. And, the ripple ratio of thrust is decreased from 11.34[%] to 0.25[%].


References 1. Ernst, M.O. and Banks, M.S. (2002). Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature 415, 429-433. 2. Haijiang, Q., Saunders, J.A., Stone, R. W., and Backus, B.T. (2006). Demonstration of cue recruitment: change in visual appearance by means of Pavlovian conditioning. P.N.A.S. 103, 483-488. 3. Friston, K. (2005). A theory of cortical responses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 350, 815-836. 4. Summer eld, C., Egner, T., Greene, M., Koechlin, E., Mangels, J., and Hirsch, J. (2006). Predictive codes for forthcoming perception in the frontal cortex. Science 314, 1131-134. 5. Hohwy, J., Roepstor , A., and Friston, K. (2008). Predictive coding explains binocular rivalry: An epistemological review. Cognition 108, 687-701. 5 4 3 2 1 0 Matching eye


The growth of time-sensitive heterogeneous data in industry-grade datalakes has recently reached unprecedented momentum. In response to this, we propose Synerise Monad - a prototype of a real-time behavioral modeling platform for event-based data streams. It automates representation learning and model training on massive data sources with arbitrary data structures. With Monad we showcase how to automatically process various data modalities, such as temporal, graph, categorical, decimal, and textual data types, in a time-sensitive way allowing for real-time time feature creation and predictions. Monad's distributed and scalable architecture coupled with efficient award-winning algorithms developed at Synerise - Cleora and EMDE - allows to process real-life datasets composed of billions of events in record time. The Monad ecosystem showcases a viable path towards real-time event-based AutoML.


Background: In recent years, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has become the standard of care in the surgical management of chronic sinusitis and sino nasal polyposis. Because of highly variable anatomy and closely related vital structures, it has many potential complications. This study aims to evaluate the complications of FESS, factors influencing its occurrence and management of complications. Methods: This is a prospective study done in a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. The first 100 patients diagnosed as chronic sinusitis or sino nasal polyposis, planned for FESS were included in the study and they were followed up for three months, post operatively. The occurrence of complications and factors associated with that were studied. Results: We had 1% of major complications and 12% of minor complications in this study. Major factors influencing the occurrence of complications are extension of the disease pathology and anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses . Conclusions: FESS is one of the commonly performed surgeries in Rhinology, and the occurrence of major complications is less and extensive disease with altered anatomy is the major factor in the occurrence of complications.


The two Sinodiapterna Dellacasa, 1986 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini) species from Taiwan, including Sinodiapterna yushana Li & Wang, new species (玉山長盾蜉金龜), are reviewed with descriptions, illustrations, distributional data, and remarks. Both species represent two species groups, namely the S . troitzkyi group and the S . gorodinskiyi group, respectively, within the genus. A key for the identification of adults of Taiwan is provided. An annotated checklist of the genus is provided with the information for each species including literature review, synonymy, distribution, and type locality.


Abstract A new aza[7]helicene carboxylic acid was synthesized from carbazole in few simple steps. The helical carboxylic acid was characterized by spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical properties were evaluated. The structural parameters were compared with the theoretical values obtained from computational analysis. The molecular recognition of the helical isomers with chiral bases was examined by NMR analysis. Graphical Abstract


Objective: To observe the effect of Compound Soufengqutanwenban Decoction on unstable plaque in Apo E gene knockout rats with atherosclerosis. Methods: The successful model of the Apo E-gene knockout rats were given low dose,medium-dose and high-dose Soufengqutanwenban Decoction and western medicine for a month. At the same time,the model group was fed by normal saline for one month. After treatment for 13 weeks,aortic tissue was observed under optical microscope pathology after HE staining. And then levels of HO-1 and PPARγ were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR technique. Results: HO-1 and PPARγ expression levels in aortic tissue of rats in treatment groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P 0.01). Conclusion: Compound Soufengqutanwenban Decoction may stabilize plaques by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and interfering the formation and rupture of AS plaque,which provides a new idea to prevent AS.


The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated with decline disease of woody plants and with human infections. Members of this genus have broad host range and wide geographical distribution. During 2010, ten isolates of Phaeoacremonium were recovered from vascular tissues of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) trees, showing decline symptoms in Shiraz city. Anamorphic characteristics such as, conidiophore morphology, phialide type and shape, size of hyphal warts, conidial size and shape were investigated. Based on morphological characteristics the presence of Pm. rubrigenum in Iran was documented. To confirm morphological identification, DNA was extracted from isolates using a genomic DNA purification Kit. Region of internal transcribed spacers 1, 2 and 5.8S genes of rDNA were amplified using ITS4 and ITS1 universal primer set. Fragments of 630 bp were recovered from PCR, purified, sequenced, edited and deposited in GenBank. Pm. rubrigenum isolates had an average of 99 % identity with all P. rubrigenum sequences compared. This species is a new report from Iran.


There has been a substantial increase in the use of oral anticoagulants, notably in the ageing population. This is primarily driven by the use of warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to reduce the risks of thromboembolic events such as stroke.1 In elderly patients with AF, warfarin use has been shown to reduce the relative risk of stroke by >50% compared with aspirin alone.2 Warfarin is also used to treat patients with deep vein thrombosis, mechanical heart valve replacement, cardioversion, cardiomyopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome.1

The clinical benefits of warfarin must also be balanced with potential risks. Over-dosage can cause major haemorrhage while under-anticoagulation may lead to thrombosis. As a result of these risks, warfarin therapy is monitored regularly using the international normalised ratio (INR) to prevent under-anticoagulation or over-anticoagulation. For example, a target INR of 2.0–3.0 is recommended for the prevention of thromboembolic events in AF and an INR of 3.0–4.0 for mitral valve replacement.1

Maintaining individuals within the narrow target ranges for INR can, however, prove challenging in routine clinical practice. The percentage of time in target range (TTR) for INR is an important marker of control, with a clear association between a low TTR and adverse events. In recent guidance on the management of anticoagulation in AF (CG180), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) has suggested reassessing patients with poor INR control when TTR is <65%.1

Several factors can affect INR variability, most notably dietary-related and drug–drug interactions. Medications (such as macrolide and …


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for uniformly separating chemically in the form of plate-shaped electroplating plate resist layer easily filterable particles from the surface of the. The method is given the most preferred application in the horizontal equipment the continuous production of the conductor plate technology. In prior art spraying processes or-injected processes are used for the resist removal. Although various among others, the resist may not be completely out strained from the spent solution to dissolve, it is a disadvantage life of the bath is short. According to the present invention, the resist is stripped from the conductor plate surface treatment liquid flows moderately. In a first process step, it is swell on the surface of the conductive plate for overflow a large amount of processing liquid in an elongated swell nozzle. Swell nozzles particularly advantageously has a pressure and suction area in the second step is used in the film release. Post-processing is performed at last the flow with a strong flow of help. The way a cascade rinsing multistage acts without sewage, extending the life of the release agent. The resist is stripped from the surface are sent to quickly solids filter in the shortest route, it is separated prior to lysis from a solvent. The film is Desa strained almost completely and almost dry.


Ascites syndrome is one of the serious problems of poultry in most parts of the world, including Iran and the economic losses it's in broiler chickens are increasing.
Considering the relatively large damage that occurs every year from the ascites syndrome to the country's industry, the minds of the researchers are finding a suitable way to prevent and treat this syndrome. The purpose of this study,
investigate the effect of lime powder (Citrus X Limon) in broilers suffering ascites.
In this experimental study, 90 one-day-old broiler chicks were purchased and the chicks were kept in identical and controlled conditions for 6 days. On the 7th day,
80 chicks were selected, in dominant, a completely randomized plan were divided into 4 care group and 2 replicate with 10 chicks in per replicate. Then, on seventh
day to create experimental ascites, a volume of 0.12 % sodium was added to drinking water in 3 groups of chicks. In order to initiate the treatment from the 14th
day of breeding, the lime powder was added 1% to the diet of one group and 2% to the other group's diet, and a group was considered as the Ascites control group and the other group was control. On the 21st day, 2 chicks were selected from each replicate and autopsied and In terms of incidence of ascites, were examined. Then,the sodium content was increased to 0.18%. Thus, experimental groups include: 1)
control 2)0.18% sodium in drinking water (Ascites control group) 3)0.18% sodium in drinking water + 1% of lime powder in diet 4)0.18% sodium in drinking water + 2% of lime powder in diet. In the 30th experiment period, 4 chicks were randomly selected from each replicate and after weighing, Blood samples were taken from the wings vein and to measure the hematocrit was placed in tubes containing
anticoagulant. Immediately after taking blood, in order to measure the right ventricular volume (RV) and total ventricles (TV), chicks were killed and autopsied. Results of the sampling in days 21 and 30 were statistically analyzed by SPSS® software. The Hematocrit volume, RV/TV ratio and other factors in day 21 did not show significant differences among groups (p>0.05). This result indicates
that the rate of 0.12% of sodium in drinking water, had little impact on the incidence of ascites and higher levels of sodium are needed to induce ascites. But in the results
of day 30, right ventricle weight in the group receiving sodium showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p 0.05). But in numerical terms, hematocrit in group 3
compared to the Ascites control group improved. Also, in group 4. The numerical value of hematocrit is even lower than the control group. Due to the lack of mortality in the groups receiving lime powder and improvement of RV/TV ratio
and hematocrit, it can be said that the use of this substance is effective in preventing ascites.


The tension between the authority of states and the authority of international institutions is a persistent feature of international relations. Legitimacy assessments of international institutions play a crucial role in resolving such tensions. If an international institution exercises legitimate authority, it creates binding obligations for states. According to Raz's well-known service conception, legitimate authority depends on the reasons for actions of those who are subject to it. Yet what are the practical reasons that should guide the actions of states? Can states be bound by international institutions on all kinds of issues or are certain issues exempted because of sovereignty considerations? This paper argues that self-regarding reasons cannot ground political authority with the respective demand for compliance. Since reasons for states concern individuals both inside and outside of their jurisdiction and other state peoples, self-regarding reasons for states, which form a domain of personal pursuits or sovereign decisions, are highly restricted.


Background and purpose: Deltamethrin is one of the major pesticides used in agriculture to control pests. Oxidative stress is one of the deltamethrin toxicity mechanisms. Different antioxidants have been investigated to deal with the oxidative damage of toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Salvia officinalis extract against deltamethrin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: In an experimental study, 30 Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 per group); group I was the control, group II received deltamethrin (15 mg/kg), group III received both deltamethrin (15 mg/kg) and S. officinalis extract (100 mg/kg), group IV received both deltamethrin (15 mg/kg) and S. officinalis extract (200 mg/kg), and group V received merely S. officinalis extract. After 30 consecutive days, liver tissues were evaluated for the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels and histopathological changes. Results: According to findings, Salvia extract could considerably reduce malondialdehyde levels, improve the glutathione peroxidase activity, and reduce the liver damage caused by deltamethrin. Conclusion: S. officinalis extract showed antioxidant properties and reduced the toxic effects of deltamethrin, so, it can be used as a strong antioxidant in preventing and improving the effects of deltamethrin.


This paper deals with controlling of a semi-batch nonlinear reactor used for chromium sludge regeneration process. The aim is to process the largest amount of chromium filter cake (chromium sludge) in the shortest possible time. The reactor has to be cooled because of strongly exothermic process. For safety reasons the temperature should not exceed 100 °C. In this study the reactor is controlled by two manipulating inputs: filter cake feeding flow rate and cooling water temperature. The speed of the whole process depends on the filter cake feeding flow rate – in case of a large amount filter cake addition a sharp temperature rise follows. The controller must be able to find optimal strategy between the filter cake dosing and the cooling temperature to reach the shortest possible process time. In order to deal with process nonlinearities here an online identification must be used. Results obtained using the proposed control method are then compared with our previous research, especially with control method using only one manipulating input filter cake feeding flow rate. Key-Words: temperature control; online identification; semi-batch reactor; PID; pole placement


This home movie documents the daily lives and activities of the Sam Riley family in 1953 through 1954. The footage includes young Helen Riley being pulled on a sled (00:00-01:21), a new baby coming home from the hospital (01:21-01:46) and posing with relatives (01:46-05:13), family members boarding an American Airlines airplane (05:13-05:51), a family gathering following a baptism (05:51-07:20), children playing outdoors (07:21-11:30), a Christmas-themed second birthday party (11:30-13:37), children posing with their new toys on Christmas morning (13:37-15:45), and children playing outdoors (15:45-16:52).


We study the Curie temperature and hole density of (Ga,Mn)As while systematically varying the As-antisite density. Hole compensation by As-antisites limits the Curie temperature and can completely quench long-range ferromagnetic order in the low doping regime of 1-2% Mn. Samples are grown by molecular beam epitaxy without substrate rotation in order to smoothly vary the As to Ga flux ratio across a single wafer. This technique allows for a systematic study of the effect of As stoichiometry on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As. For concentrations less than 1.5% Mn, a strong deviation from Tc ~ p^0.33 is observed. Our results emphasize that proper control of As-antisite compensation is critical for controlling the Curie temperatures in (Ga,Mn)As at the low doping limit.


The election of Dr. Gardner W. Stacy of Washington State University as the society's president-elect for 1978 creates a vacancy in the office of director, Region VI, for 1978. Bylaw V, Sec. 6(b) provides: "A vacancy in the office of Regional Director shall be filled by vote of the Councilors of the region affected as soon as practicable after the vacancy occurs and for the unexpired term of that office." The Committee on Nominations & Elections, proceeding in accordance with Bylaw V, Sec. 6(b) and Sec. 10, has arranged for a special election by mail ballot of the councilors in Region VI, and has submitted the names of the following two candidates as its nominees: Dr. Richard M. Lemmon of the University of California and Dr. Jean'ne M. Shreeve of the University of Idaho. Both have agreed to serve if elected. Bylaw V, Sec. 10 states that the procedure for conducting a special election of ...


This article presents a single-mode dual-path buck-boost converter (SDBBC) for mobile devices powered by lithium-ion batteries. Unlike the conventional buck-boost converter (CBBC), this SDBBC conducts buck and boost operations using a hybrid structure with two flying capacitors (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{F1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{F2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and one inductor. This hybrid structure eliminates any mode transition between circuit configurations, covering both the buck and boost operations continuously within a single-mode operation. By consistently connecting the inductor to the load with a secondary path formed by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{F1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{F2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the average of the inductor current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is always smaller than the load current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {LOAD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) across all the output voltage conversion ratios, thus incurring low conduction loss and switch transition loss. Also, the current delivered to the load increases as the duty ratio increases, so the right half-plane (RHP) zero is removed. Therefore, the proposed SDBBC achieves high power efficiency seamlessly across the whole conversion range, 94.8% peak efficiency is achieved even with an inductor of 175 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> dc resistance (DCR), and 95.58% efficiency is achieved in the boost operation at a heavy load current of 1 A using a large size inductor with 19 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> DCR.


In recent years, air pollution problems become more and more serious, which led to China's economic development and residents' health poses a significant threat. In this paper, we proposed an environmental cooperation protection cost (EPC) model of the interprovincial air pollution. Then we use the data of sulfur dioxide from 2003 to 2013 to fit the environment protection cost function of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei. We then applied the EPC model to the seriously polluted Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area of China. Compared with the current command–and– control regulation approach, the EPC model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area decreased the total environmental protection cost, which proved that the EPC model was superior because it both mitigated the problem of air pollution transport across regional boundaries and utilized the available resources of the study area more efficiently


Relation between dips of post-stack migrated and unmigrated data is well known and easy to derive. A similar relation between dips of pre-stack migrated and unmigrated constant offset data is not available in literature and is calculated here. Since migration outputs for multiple offsets are available, the formula valid for all offsets gives us a tool to check the correctness of the migration velocity model. The formula is also used to study how a reflector with constant dip gets curved in constant offset gathers. Further, a handy formula for prestack migration aperture is derived and its variations with offset, depth and dip angle studied.


This paper proposes a bitmap vectorization technique based on a thinning algorithm, which makes the layout automation and wire-cutting machine applicable to the shoes manufacturing. Both image vectorization algorithm and its programming realization are investigated in this paper;finally vectorization of shoes component bitmap is well achieved.


Considers the comparison of two actuators aerodynamic rudders on various criteria such as the maximum torque on the output link, the ultimate strength in static torque, the braking moment, the cost of the unit actuators, etc. Shows the advantage of using the actuator as a complete Electromechanical devices.


A procedure of system reliability analysis using the stochastic finite element method for composite structures is presented. Composite structure is considered as a random structure. The material properties, fiber angles, laminate thickness, and curvatures are modeled as random parameters. The curvature means initial curvature as a result of manufacturing error for the case of a flat plate. The random thickness and fiber angles affect the straindisplacement relation and material directions. In the stochastic finite element formulation, these randomnesses are considered to obtain accurate statistical responses. In reliability analysis, composite laminates are assumed to be multicomponent series system, and the correlations between possible failure modes of different components are considered to obtain bimodal bounds of failure probability. The method is verified through comparison of the results with those obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation for two example problems. The developed method is efficient and accurate enough to be applied to engineering problems and can assess the risk of structures quantitatively and logically.


For pre-bearing performance Citrus rootstock germplasm, 13 strains of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck), 9 strains of rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), 9 strains of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf.), 4 Citrus hybrid and three other rootstocks were compared. The strains of rough lemon, Rangpur lime and Citrus volkameriana Tan. Pasq. were observed to be vigorous for plant height, stem girth and canopy spread. Citrus kama Raf.. and Sunki mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) were moderate in growth. The trifoliate orange and Citrus hybrids was comparatively better than trifoliate orange strains. Strainal variation for pre-bearing performance was observed in different rootstock groups. The strains of trifoliate orange viz. T rifesta and English Large were observed better in growth. These strains can be used in breeding programmes for transfer of Phytophthora and Citrus nematode resistance to the hybrids along with vigorous growth. Among Rangpur lime strains, Poona, Srirampur, Knorr and Australia were very vigorous in growth, whereas 8748 and 8784 were slow growing. Similarly, among rough lemon strains, 14-9-13 and Assam were vigorous and Jullandhari Khatti and Chethalli were slow in growth. Flowering was observed only in Rangpur lime (7247 and Poona Srirampur), rough lemon (14-9-13) and Citrus volkameriana.


any degrees of the scale between stt and a2 ; furthermore (2) this statement holds with "No pairwise incomparable degrees" replaced by "a chain of degrees of order type of the rationals." Predicates and functions are associated with degrees in the following natural way: given (e.g.) predicate R(x, y), then its degree is that of xR((x)B , (%)i). This allows the application of recursive function theory. The use of functions, rather than sets, in constructions is a distinctive feature of the paper, and the results witness the increased flexibility it affords. Given a sequence of sets Ar, A2 , . . . , the recursive join A, U Aa U . . . is defined as the predicate xtA . Unfortunately, its degree depends not only upon order, but also upon the particular sets (rather than degrees) used. Considerable care is thus required in its treatment. The authors use it to give a fairly natural definition, for any a, of a degree a'TM' which is ^ a"" all «, and which depends only on a. (Extensions through the constructive ordinals have been considered by several authors). Results obtained include: there are two degrees possessing no greatest lower bound which lie between a""' and all the a"' (hence £ is not a lattice); there is a chain of degrees of order type of the rationals between a'"' and all the a. The reviewer would have liked a fuller description of the relation between semilattice and arithmetic predicate hierarchy, since misconceptions easily occur and since the paper gives interesting indirect information concerning the hierarchy. A brief expository review of arithmetical predicates would also have helped indicate some of the significance of this excellent paper to the non-specialist. Two typographical errors have been pointed out. Page 387, line 32, first comma is redundant. Page 404, line 5 from bottom, read "a # " for "a = ". A number of open questions are listed in the paper. Answers to many of these have been subsequently announced by Spector and Friedberg. The problem of axiomatic properties for ^ remains open. Can the jump operation be defined in terms of <. ? The structure of the recursively enumerable degrees is, of course, of particular interest.


ACUTE PARALYTIC brachial neuritis is a welldefined clinical entity. The onset usually is marked by pain in one or both shoulders, followed within hours or days by severe weakness and atrophy in muscles innervated by the brachial plexus. Although the distribution is sumewhat variable, the proximal muscles of the arm and shoulder girdle are most frequently involved. Sensory loss is usually present, but less prominent, and is found in the nerve distribution corresponding to the maximal muscle weakness. While the disability often occurs during convalescence from an infectious disease, the patient is free of systemic symptoms when the neuritis becomes clinically overt. The prognosis for ultimate recovery is good but may require one or two years in some cases. Although acute paralytic brachial neuritis is generally thought to have been first described in the 1940s, we have found reports by Vulpian,l,2 almost a century ago, of typical cases developing during convalescence from variola and typhoid. Cases occurring after a number of other infectious diseases were later cited by Ross and Bury.3 Vulpian attributed the paralysis to a localized myelitis, but pathologic study of a case by Joffroy4 demonstrated sparing of the spinal cord and marked demyelination of the nerves of the brachial plexus, with some loss of axis cylinders. Kennedy6 reported the identical clinical picture associated with some cases of serum sickness. Since then cases have been known to occur following immunizations, even without obvious systemic allergic reactions.6 Large numbers of cases in military personnel were reported in the 1940s,7-14 and the essential clinical features of the entity were emphasized. Again it was noted that many of the cases developed during convalescence from infectious diseases or following surgery. However, these and later reportsl5-19 emphasized that in many instances no obvious precipitating factors could be identified. Nonetheless, the absence of any systemic symptoms, the norma1 CSF findings, the frequent occurrence during convalescence from an illness, and the observation that the identical picture can occur during serum sickness have led many authors to suspect an allergic etiology. We wish to report the findings on a group of 12 cases of this type, partly because of some differences from the typical clinical picture, but primarily because of the results of electrodiagnostic studies which were carried out in many instances.


In an effort to overcome the covid-19 pandemic, the covid-19 vaccination aims to reduce the transmission/transmission of covid-19, reduce morbidity and mortality due to covid-19, achieve group immunity in the community (herd immunity) and protect the community from covid-19 so that they remain safe. productive socially and economically. Anxiety, which was one of the problems that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic, turned out to be a problem also when the Covid-19 vaccine was available.The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and students' willingness to participate in the covid-19 vaccination at MTsN 1 Wonogiri. The results of the research eliminate anxiety in the face of vaccination and publication of scientific journals as a form of the tri dharma of higher education.The analytical descriptive research method with a cross sectional approach was chosen in this study to determine the relationship between anxiety and the willingness of students at MTsN 1 Wonogiri. This study uses a snowball sampling technique considering the condition is still a pandemic, so filling out the questionnaire using a google form with the cooperation of the school.The results of his research from 150 respondents, 131 respondents experienced mild anxiety and 19 respondents experienced moderate anxiety. For data on willingness to be vaccinated, out of 150 respondents, 144 students were willing to be vaccinated and 6 students were not willing to be vaccinated. For bivariate data, out of 131 students who experienced mild anxiety, 4 of them were not willing to be vaccinated because they had never been exposed to information about vaccination. Meanwhile, of the 19 students who experienced moderate anxiety, 2 of them were not willing to vaccinate without a clear reason for not being willing to vaccinate.In conclusion; there is a significant relationship between anxiety and willingness to vaccinate students at MTsN 1 Wonogiri. Suggestions for providing information and socialization about vaccination are very important to be carried out / given to increase the coverage of vaccination targets in the community


TARGET AUDIENCE Scientists and physicians who are interested in molecular imaging of brain tumors using a novel MRI method. Introduction Astrocytomas are the most common primary tumor in brain. It account for 30-40% among the intracranial tumors. Although contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging may grade the degree of tumor malignancy, studies have demonstrated that the degree of contrast enhancement is not a reliable biomarker of the tumor maligancy. Amide proton transfer (APT) MR imaging can detect the molecular signals which are based on endogenous mobile proteins and peptides. The previous studies have shown that APT can define the different components of the tumor and may differentiate between recurrence of tumor and radiation necrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the APT MR imaging for grading of glioma. Methods 33 patients (18 male,15 female,age from 18 to 71 years with mean age of 40 years) were investigated and confirmed to have a glioma by postoperative pathology, in whom 3T MRI with T2-weighted, FLAIR, preand post-contrast T1-weighted and APT sequences were performed. For each patient, APT values of each regions of interest (ROI) were calculated and used for grading. Comparisons between APT values of high-grade (HGG) and low-grade gliomas (LGG) were performed. APT signals were calculated using a magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-asymmetry analysis at ±3.5ppm. MRI results were validated with pathology. Results 33 patients included 10 grade II, 11 grade III, and 12 grade IV tumors. Fig. 1 shows the typical characteristics of these gliomas of different grades. APT hyperintensity (compared to the contralateral white matter, cnawm) is a typical feature of high-grade (grade III and IV) brain tumors, independent of Gd enhancement. However, in patients with low-grade gliomas, the APT signal was consistently low. The average APT signal intensities were significantly higher in the tumor cores both in grade-III and grade-IV gliomas than in the low-grade glioma and the cnawm (P < 0.01; Fig. 2). However, there was no significant difference between grade III and IV (P = 0.1). Discussion APT imaging is recently emerged as a new contrast mechanism for MRI, which can detect endogenous cytosolic proteins and peptides through saturation of the amide protons in the peptide bonds. Our preliminary results in this study have shown that APT imaging may help identify the different grade of the tumor. In high-grade gliomas, the viable, actively growing tumor cores demonstrated high signal intensities on the APT images, in line with expectations based on increased content of cellular proteins in the lesion. Although some tumors do not enhance on the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images, the high signal intensities still exist in the tumors on the APT images. Conclusion These data indicate the great potential of the APT signal as a valuable surrogate biomarker for identifying the pathological grade of brain tumors for tumor detection, diagnosis, and local therapy. References 1. Sadeghi, N., et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2008. 29(3): p. 476-82. 2. Zhou, J., et al., Nat Med, 2003. 9(8): p. 1085-90. 3. Zhou, J., et al., Nat Med, 2011. 17(1): p. 130-4. 4. Wen, Z., et al., NeuroImage, 2010. 51(2): p. 616-22. Fig 1. (A) Oligodendrocytoma (WHO grade II) of the left frontal lobe in a 27-year-old women was not enhanced with post-contrast T1WI. The APT signal intensity was low (arrow). (B) Anaplastic astrocytoma in a 39-year-old man (grade III). There was a minor enhancement in tumor core in post-contrast T1-weighted image, but a obviously high signal intensity on the APT image (arrow). (C) Glioblastoma multiforme in a 37-year-old man (grade IV). There were two enhancing tumor cores in the post-contrast T1WI image, which were hyperintense in the APT image (arrow).


In this paper we focus on counting and density measurements of non-overlapping high-density nuclear track images. This paper is a continuum of another paper of the author introducing ATMS software which has been particularly developed for overlapping nuclear tracks. Here, as the second phase of the ATMS software, a hybrid algorithm is presented for counting the tracks according to user parameter initialization, template inserting and correlation estimation to initially detect nuclear track candidates, then to evaluate geometrical and contextual features of track candidates and finally a decision-making process according to the user's sensitivity considerations. The presented hybrid algorithm is verified and validated by a database containing 100 randomly selected Alpha track images captured from the surface of CR-39 polycarbonate detectors irradiated by environmental Alpha particles emitted from Rn-222 near a copper mine around Anarak city.


Similar to other countries, "poverty" is a highly contested concept in Canada. In spite of Canada's great wealth and reputation as a kinder, gentler nation than its neighbours to the south, poverty continues to be persistent and pervasive. While most Canadians agree that poverty in Canada is greater than it should be, Canada does not have an official poverty line and there has been much debate in recent years as to how poverty is best measured. This has been somewhat of a distraction from the reality that poverty, regardless of how it is measured, is unacceptable in a country of such great wealth. The problem has only become worse in the post-Keynesian context. Solutions on offer in the current political milieu focus on short term training to meet labour market needs. All too often this results in low-wage, precarious employment that fails to lift people out of poverty.IntroductionIn spite of Canada's great wealth and reputation as a kinder, gentler nation than its neighbours to the south, poverty continues to be persistent and pervasive. This chapter provides an overview of poverty in Canada including discussion about the major obstacles standing in the way of its elimination. This includes a lack of consensus on how poverty is defined and the absence of an accepted poverty line, underlined by a dominant discourse that dismisses the idea that structural failings create the conditions that leave far too many Canadians behind.Poverty DiscoursesSimilar to other countries, 'poverty' is a highly contested concept in Canada and responses are highly political. Ruth Levitas (2003; 2005) developed a typology of 'social exclusion' discourses that is equally useful to describe the various views on poverty that ultimately guide policy responses in Canada and elsewhere. Levitas (2005: 14) emphasises poverty as a prime cause of social exclusion and she outlines three dominant discourses. The redistributive (RED) discourse builds on the earlier work of Peter Townsend (1979: 32) which understands poverty in terms of 'people's ability to participate in the customary life of society...their resources are so seriously below those commanded by the average individual or family that they are, in effect, excluded from ordinary living patterns, customs and activities' (Levitas 2005). This discourse leads to a policy response that integrates comprehensive approaches to increase income and ensure access to a broad range of resources.The second view Levitas describes is the social integration (SID) discourse, which focuses solely on exclusion as a result of a disconnection to paid work. Getting people into the labour market is therefore the sole concern and solution to exclusion.The third model, which Levitas describes as the moral underclass (MUD) discourse, views social exclusion as the result of 'moral and cultural causes of poverty'. Policies and programs that focus on 'reform' of individuals, target 'youth at risk', and aim to 'employ' single mothers and others who are viewed as acting outside of mainstream norms are often modelled on such a view.As reflected in Levitas' RED perspective, poverty and exclusion speak to the limited participation of individuals in all domains of life with the lack of income being central to all exclusion. While access to economic opportunity through employment is the focus of SID, it is but one component of a poverty and social exclusion strategy under the auspices of RED. RED focuses on redistribution of income and wealth, recognising a need for comprehensive measures to address poverty and inequality. Levitas aptly sums up the three discourses. She says, 'from the RED perspective, the poor and excluded have no money, in SID they have no paid work, in MUD they have no morals' (2005: 3).In Canada, the RED model was more evident as the social safety net was weaved after WWII and through to the late 1970s. Since then, there has been a movement away from initiatives that adequately address poverty and social exclusion aligned with the redistributive discourse- ensuring that all citizens have sufficient income, satisfactory housing, accessible child care and access to education and training based on right rather than ability to pay. …


In many countries, including Brazil, the dentistry has difficulties in settling down, due to the lack of financial resources for the equipments acquisition. To solve this problem a simplified treatment, denominated atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), was developed. The aim of this study was, through a systematic literature review, to expose and discuss the main current related aspects with this restorative treatment approach. A bibliographical review was accomplished in the available health data base, such as, BBO, Lilacs and Medline, and the selected studies were published between 1991 and 2005. The subjects for the article selection were: types of restorative material, time of clinical evaluation, social inclusion and comparison between the conventional techniques and ART. It was observed that ART does not answer to all types of cavities. In the analyzed studies, the time of clinical evaluation varies from six to three years, and about the used materials, glass ionomer cements reached the best results. The studies show similar success when compared ART approach and amalgam conventional restorations. The ART is a viable and effective alternative, mainly to provide dentistry care for the most needy population groups. More clinical, laboratorial, behavioral and economic researches should be accomplished in order to improve the method.


Following up on the transition to university and university persistence, 119 (44 males; 75 females) students who had not graduated (within seven years) from a large, commuter Canadian university were interviewed. 'Leavers' were nota homogenous group but could be divided into categories of departure: transferred to another university (29.4%), transferred to college (29.4%), took temporary leave (11.8%), dropped out (20.2%), and put on academic probation (9.2%). Quantitative analyses indicated that transfer and noncontinuing students differed on previously collected measures of achievement and parental reciprocity (Wintre & Yaffe, 2000). Interview data demonstrated that reasons for leaving were more related to mobility, exploration and career paths, characteristics of emerging adulthood, than to negative university experiences. Furthermore, many former students completed their degrees elsewhere, decreasing the previously reported attrition rate from 42.1% to 22.5%.


This study was performed to the possibility of developing anti-aging convenient food that is to Koreans' taste. Editor: this abstract appears to describe a study of public opinion and not related to the development of anti-aging convenient foods. In total, The 150 adults, living in Seoul (Korea), participated in this study in the capacity of subjects. Editor: You really have to mention the age-range of the subjects, as senility is an old age disease. In particular, you talk about the intention of subjects (discussed below) to buy anti-aging food products. This would be directly related to their age, as I assume that older people would be more concerned about senility that relatively younger subjects. They were randomly assigned to 25 groups. In result initial descriptive analysis revealed that, 82 percent of subjects awoke to were aware of senility, and the while 26.7 percent were seriously thought of it concerned. Furthermore, The 58.7 percent said that believed food has the possibility has a role in of controlling senility, and the while 64.0 percent said stated that senility may be controlled by eating constitutional foods. Further comparative analysis of In the case of the group of which members subjects have been who were trying to control senility revealed that their, the reliance on food general and constitutional food was significantly higher than those who have not tried to do so did nothing. The From the 61.3 percent have been of subject who were trying to control senility, from among them, the 74.0 percent and the 22.7 percent were relied on physical taking exercises and anti-aging foods, respectively. Likewise, it was ascertained When asked whether subjects intend to purchase anti-aging convenient food if it was is developed. The 67.3 percent and the 72.7 percent indicated their intentionded to purchase the normal product and constitutional products, respectively. Resultantly, anti-aging convenient food was in demand to some extent. Given that anti-aging products are in high demand, In such a case, senile severity (p<0.05), anti-aging possibility in constitutional foods (p<0.001) and anti-aging action (p<0.001) are regarded as variables in the purchase of the normal products. In the case of relation to constitutional products, anti-aging possibility in constitutional food (p<0.001) and anti-aging action (p<0.001) were regarded as variables.


This study sought to explore how women principals utilised communication strategies to manage workplace conflicts at secondary school level Migori County, Kenya. The study was prompted by the fact that despite several conflicts experienced in secondary schools in Kenya, very minimal research has been conducted to investigate potential causes of unrests in schools related to inappropriate communication by school principals. The study focused on women principals because it is normally assumed that women have better communication strategies and that their schools experience less conflicts. However, a review of relevant literature shows this issue has not been established through research, especially, in the Kenyan context. The specific research questions were: 1. what communication strategies are utilised by women principals to manage workplace conflicts 2. How do the women principals utilize these strategies? This study was informed by relativist-interpretivist paradigm which is consistent with the qualitative approach and case study method, which were adopted. Forty research participants who were sampled purposively to take part in the study included women principals, the deputy principals, HoDs, Guidance and counselling leaders, the senior teachers as well as prefects from the study schools. Semistructured interviews, focused group discussions and document analysis were used to generate data which were analysed thematically. All relevant ethical issues were addressed. Findings indicate that the women leaders have developed unique approaches of communication in managing workplace conflicts depending on their leadership predispositions as well as situations of conflict as follows: 1. Dialogic coaching collaborative communication 2. Nurturing counselling communication 3. Mongrel masculine-feminine communication 4. Machiavellian monologic competitive communication. In conclusion, the women principals, who were participants in this study, have shared their unique experiences and their actual practices on utilisation of communication strategies in managing workplace conflicts through research. Hence, this study has contributed to the body of knowledge in gender and communication literature while explicating the role of communication in workplace conflicts at grass root level.


Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films were deposited by intermittent spray pyrolysis using different alcoholic and aqua-alcoholic precursor solvents. The XRD analysis reveals the polycrystallinity of hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO films with preferred c-axis orientation along [002] direction. The polycrystallinity increased due to use of aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent. The crystallite size was found to vary from 41.7 nm to 59.4 nm and blue shift in band-gap energy (3.225 eV to 3.255 eV) was observed due to aqua-alcoholic to alcoholic precursor solvent transition. The films deposited using alcoholic precursor solvent exhibited high transmittance ( 92 %) with low dark resistivity (10 – 3 Ωcm) as compared to aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent. The effect of precursor solvent on resistivity, carrier concentration ( – /cm3), carrier mobility ( – cm2V – 1s – 1), sheet resistance (Ω/ ) and figure of merit (ΦTC) is also reported. We recommend ethanol or methanol as a superior precursor solvent over aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent for deposition of device quality ZnO thin films.


Interest is needed by students in their learning activity because it can motivate them to reach a success. In other words, interest becomes an important thing for students' learning process in reaching their academic goal. This study concerns with the students' interest at University of Muhammadiyah malang. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the students' interest in reading English novels.
Research design used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The population of this study was the sixth semester English Department students at University of Muhammadiyah malang. It consisted of 164 students from 4 classes (A, B, C, and D). The sampling technique that used in this study was a simple random sampling by choosing 10 students (25%) from each class randomly. The total number of the sample was 40 students. The writer collected the data by using a questionnaire as the instrument, and using rating scale and formula for analyzing the data.
Based on the result of the data analysis, it was found that 4 students (10%) were categorized into having very high interest in reading English novels; 33 students (82.5%) were categorized into having high interest; 3 students (7.5%) were categorized into having moderate interest; and no student who was categorized into having low interest in reading English novels. Generally, the students had high interest in reading English novels. It was proved by mean score of 63.63.


Abstract The dynamic behavior of a dense hard-sphere liquid is studied by numerically integrating a set of Langevin equations which incorporate a free-energy functional of the Ramakrishnan-Yussouff form. Several interesting features of glassy dynamics, such as stretched exponential decay of correlations, two-stage relaxation and Vogel-Fulcher growth of relaxation times, are reproduced and new results on the wavenumber dependence of the kinetics are obtained.


Tarim and Junggar Basins in Western China are enriched in oil and gas resources, and have long been regarded as important energy resource bases, in which hydrocarbon geochemical exploration technique has been widely applied for oil and gas prospecting. It will be of great significance and great help for the current exploration activities in the western part of China to summarize the application effect and the successful cases in these fields. The geochemical exploration results achieved in Tarim and Junggar Basins during the past 20 years have been verified again and again with the continuous discoveries of the oil and gas resources within these area. This not only indicates that the application of hydrocarbon geochemical exploration technique can improve the oil and gas prospecting efficiency, but also proves that application of integrated exploration techniques can decrease lasting period and increase exploration success rate despite that more difficulties and higher cost nowadays facing the oil and gas prospecting field.


Patientsinitiallyreceivednebulizedal-buteroltreatmentdrivenby100%oxygen.Patientswererandomized to the helium-oxygen or oxygen group andreceived nebulized racemic epinephrine via a face mask.Afternebulization,humidifiedhelium-oxygenoroxygenwas delivered by HFNC. After 60 minutes of inhalationtherapy,patientswithanM-WCASof2orhigherreceiveda second delivery of nebulized racemic epinephrine fol-lowed by helium-oxygen or oxygen delivered by HFNC.


Background: Hospitalization is a stressful event, potentially dangerous for older people. In fact, it worsens and accelerates muscle mass loss associated with bed rest, increasing the risk of loss of autonomy, rehospitalization and mortality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate in an acute care setting handgrip and physical performance in patients at hospital admission and discharge, and detect changes related to hospitalization.
Methods: Between June 2011 and January 2012 we were recruited 355 patients of which about 255 it was possible to perform at least Handgrip both at admission and at discharge. Of these, 38.8% were female.
Handgrip strength and physical performance by using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) were assessed at admission and before the discharge. In all subjects Barthel index and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were also evaluated.
Results: A significant worsening in walking speed, chair stands test and handgrip strength performance was observed. On the contrary the study population showed an improvement in the Barthel index. No significant differences between males and females in performance and muscle strength loss were observed. The chair stand test performance worsens further in malnourished patients.
Conclusion: our data suggests that during hospitalization elderly patients experience a loss of performance and muscle strength, with no differences between males and females. Subjects with score indicative of malnutrition or at risk for malnutrition presented a chair stand test performance worsening significantly greater than subjects with normal nutritional status.


We prove that the sum-of-digits function with respect to certain digital expansions (which are related to linear recurrences) and similarly defined functions evaluated on polynomial sequences of positive integers or primes satisfy a central limit theorem. These digital expansions are special cases of numeration systems associated to primitive substitutions on finite alphabets, the digits of which form Markov chains and induce Markov partitions of the torus T. We provide an algorithm to determine the (fractal) boundary of these partitions.


the formatis original,thequalityoftext is variableand in somecasesappearsto consistofa mediocresynopsis of the article(s)to which it refers.Few of the questions are in the form of a case vignette, a format which is increasingly being used in the MRCPsych examination, and some of the questions seem unimaginative.The topics covered are comprehensive, and the lazy candi date may be temptedto spendhis eveningsreadingthis book instead of the original textbook and papers. This wouldbe a mistake.


Temporary storage ofthe rice seed during processing, their quality mostly affected by moisture content.Aimed of the experiment is to know the effect of moisture content to the viability of rice seed during processing (short or temporarystorage). The experiment was conducted at Laboratory Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The experiment results show that the interaction effect between moisture content and storage were highly significant to almost all variables observed. The most short dormant occurred at the treatment of 12-14% moisture content for all storage levels. The highest germination capacity obtained at the moisture content of 12-14% with two weeks storage period. The treatment of 21.5% moisture content for all storage levels caused the longest dormancy, with the lowest germination capacity as compared to that of other treatments. Physical tortureaimed to test the storage capacity, where the seeds were treated for 72 hours at 40oC temperature and 100% relative humidity, it was found able to break dormancy.


In this paper, a T-junction power divider using linearly tapered microstrip lines (MSLs) has been proposed; where the line to port 3 has also been tapered for achieving higher power dividing ratio between the output ports (ports 2 and 3). A method for theoretical analysis of the power divider has been presented approximately. The proposed T-junction power divider exhibits power dividing ratio of more than 10 dB over a broad frequency range of 1.7-5 GHz. The design is simulated in two different EM solvers (HFSS and CST) and their results are in well agreement with each-other which validate the same.


Additive manufacturing of metals can be achieved by several methods, the most common of which fully melts the metal powder together selectively to form the desired shape. Alternatively, the powder can be bonded together and then post-processed to achieve densification. This method of binding powder selectively is used in powder bed binder jet printing: (1) a layer of powder is spread and flattened in the print bed, (2) a printhead selectively deposits binder for the layer, (3) the bed is dried with a heater, (4) the bed moves down one layer thickness and the process repeats. Parts are then cured and densified using post-processing techniques, which can include sintering and/or hot isostatic pressing (HIPing).


As the primary ecological construction measure on the Loess Plateau, check dams play an essential role in developing agricultural production, improving people's production and life, and replenishing groundwater. Soil water infiltration is the most important way to replenish groundwater in the dam land. In order to investigate the water infiltration process of check dams, an empirical model suitable for the simulation of the dam land infiltration process was selected. The soil water infiltration process of the check dam was studied by a field test and a model simulation. The results showed that there were few macropores in the dam, and the water mainly moved downwards in the form of matrix flow. Moreover, the stable infiltration rate of the dam site was low, and its infiltration process could be divided into three stages: rapid infiltration, fluctuating infiltration, and stable infiltration. In addition, the infiltration rate of a non-silted dense layer was 2.4~5 times that of a silted dense layer. The Horton model had a good fitting effect on the water infiltration process of the check dam and thus was suitable for the simulation and prediction of the water infiltration process of the dam. The results can provide a theoretical basis for efficient soil water utilization and infiltration simulation of check dam land.


The invention relates to a process for transfer-printing natural plants. The process comprises the following steps: A, picking selected flowers, leaves, stems, roots and seeds in a growing period at the normal temperature in a classifying manner; water-washing and airing the flowers, the leaves, the stems, the roots and the seeds for later use; B, splicing a conventionally treated gray fabric into flower types in various shapes; C, transferring juice of plants to a fabric by a calender according to the shapes of the plants and a designed effect picture; D, soaking a towel sample in water at 60 DEG C for 20 minutes by 2% ferrous sulfate FeSO3; dehydrating and carrying out air oxidation for color development; then, carrying out water washing to remove surface dye at 40 DEG C with the bath ratio of 1:10; color fixation, namely changing the liquid; soaking for 30 minutes by 1.2% copper sulfate CuSO4 at the normal temperature; discharging out from a pot and dehydrating; fixing the color flower types to the fabric; E, finishing and sizing, and finally packaging according to a conventional process. According to the process, plant materials can be fully utilized and give play to the maximum effect, thereby enhancing the health-care effect while adding the sense of beauty for a product.


You couldn't have made it through medical school and residency without a high intellect, but have you developed your emotional intelligence?


Donkey sentences are among the challenging examples that present a difficult problem in compositional logical semantics and their semantic treatment is one of the early applications of dependent type theory to linguistic semantics, where the strong sum Σ , rather than weak sums (as given by traditional existential quantifiers), is used for existential quantification. However, it is known that this method is inadequate because it fails to deal with counting properly. In this paper, we propose to consider the semantics of donkey sentences in a type theory with both strong and weak sums and show that, with both sum operators, donkey sentences can be given adequate semantic interpretations which, in particular, take care of counting properly.


In the present study we examine the crystallographic structure of the , '' and  phases present in nickel base 718 alloy. The chemical ordering of Nb atoms and possible planar faults that may be observed in '' precipitates are detailed. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations of various faults are reported. The decomposition of a matrix dislocation to form a locked V shaped configuration is shown. The observation along [110] type direction allows to identify the type of defect, which is observed as a pure geometric stacking fault.


All environmental consultants undertaking basic assessments in terms of the revised national EIA regulations are now obliged to answer key questions about the potential biodiversity implications of development in the Western Cape.


Problems of the environment in the modern world have negative consequences, thereby emphasizing the urgency for today. The ecological situation, especially in large and industrial cities, is dangerous for residents of these cities due to non-compliance with environmental standards. As a consequence, one of the promising vectors of urban policy aimed at the effective use of land resources is the inclusion of environmental factors in the valuation of real estate. The cost of real estate is formed by taking into account the aggregate of physical, economic, social and administrative factors. This article is devoted to the study of environmental factors from the perspective of their influence on housing pricing. Due to low environmental education, passivity of meaningful choice, residents often acquire real estate guided only by prestige and subjective visual assessment. However, the value of environmental goods increases markedly when the environmental factor acts as a limiting factor.


Systems, devices, and methods for transdermal delivery of one or more therapeutic active agents to a biological interface. A transdermal drug delivery system is operable for delivering of one or more therapeutic active agents to a biological interface. The system includes an active electrode assembly, a counter electrode assembly, and a plurality of functionalized microneedles.


High phytin containing particles were isolated from rice bran by a combination of a differetial centrifugation and an aqueous two phase system, using dextran 500 and polyethylene glycol 6000. The isolated particles consisted mainly of phytic acid, potassium and magnesium. The chemical composition and electron microscopic observation of the isolated particles confirmed that the electron dense material, which is embedded in aleurone particles of matured rice grains, is potassium and magnesium salts of phytic acid.