Welcome to May, the month that begins to display signs of promise for the coming summer season just ahead. Whether the showers of April have given you baskets of May flowers or you have simply been enjoying the warmth of these longer days, I would like to offer 5 of our most noteworthy papers for you to preview in these May highlights. In our first paper, Floyd and colleagues performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate outcomes of functional rhinoplasty based on the NOSE score. This topic is especially timely given the February publication of the Foundation's guidelines on improving nasal form and function after rhinoplasty. In this paper, the authors selected 16 articles via a systematic search of the literature and pooled results of these studies in a random effects model of meta-analysis. Findings from this analysis demonstrated that patients in the included studies had moderate to severe nasal obstruction at baseline, which substantially improved in both the short term (at 3 to 6 months) and in the longer term (at >1 year). In fact, mean 50and 49-point reductions in NOSE scores (out of 100 points) were seen at 3 to 6 months and >1 year, respectively. The authors discuss the limitations of their data, as well as the implications for clinical practice and future research. In our second article, Menapace and colleagues examine a case series of 33 patients (32 female) with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS), a rare condition with an elusive cause. In this paper, the authors focus on patients who were treated with cricotracheal resection as an open surgical repair for iSGS. They note that 16 patients (48%) underwent a single-stage procedure while 17 (52%) underwent a 2-stage procedure, with delayed decannulation at a median time of 35 days following the procedure. For this cohort of patients, Menapace and colleagues cite recurrence involving additional surgery in 12 patients (36%), at a median of 8 years to recurrence. They also report that the most common patient complaint following surgery was change in voice quality. The authors conclude that open surgery should be reserved for refractory cases of iSGS and that delayed recurrence can occur following treatment. They suggest that patients be counseled for worsening voice quality, and they discuss implications for clinical practice in this rare condition. In our third paper, Wozney and colleagues examine the readability, comprehensiveness, and consistency of online recommendations for parents of children undergoing tonsillectomy. The authors studied 30 English-language Internet sites using 3 validated measures of readability and for content analysis and comprehensiveness of the information provided. They note that the mean readability level of these sites was at grade 10, with fewer than half the sites scoring at or below the eighth-grade reading level. In assessing the content provided, the authors report very little consistency of information across sites, with 67 unique recommendations offered. On the basis of their assessment, Wozney and associates conclude that online parent resources for tonsillectomy do not meet accepted readability recommendations and that they provide incomplete and inconsistent education for parents, with low levels of consensus across sites. They strongly support the need for research-based development of accurate and consistent recommendations with improved efforts to make online information easier to read. In the fourth paper, Lee and colleagues examine the accuracy and consistency of subjective assessments of videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs). In their study, the authors presented 76 de-identified videos from VFSS evaluations to blinded speech-language pathologists and laryngologists individually and asked them to rate the videos on hyoid elevation, pharyngeal area, pharyngeal constriction ratio, and pharyngoesophageal segment opening. A blinded investigator then assessed interand intrarater agreement and compared their responses to objectively measured results to examine accuracy. The authors note that experienced evaluators correctly classified only 61.5% of VFSS videos as normal or abnormal when compared with objective measurements. The authors also report that interrater agreement was highly variable (median agreement, κ = 0.48; P < .0001). Evaluators of VFSS videos unanimously agreed on a correct interpretation only 28% of the time. On the basis of their assessment, Lee and colleagues conclude that subjective assessment of VFSS measurements is inconsistently accurate versus objective measurements, with accuracy ratings averaging around 60% and with evaluator consistency being moderate and highly variable. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for clinical practice. 698688OTOXXX10.1177/0194599817698688Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKrouse 2017© The Author(s) 2010


This study examined the relationship between LAS (Large Aperture Scintillometer) and EC (Eddy Covariance technique) under different crop conditions in term of the sensible heat flux using the data collected from a typical cropland in the Weishan Irrigation District,Liaocheng city,Shandong province.The results showed that the measurements of LAS and EC are in good agreement in this cropland.But the estimated sensible heat flux by LAS is slightly higher than that by EC,which might be due to either the disagreement in their heterogeneous source areas or the underestimation of EC measurement.LAS could provide a reliable way of measuring area-average sensible heat flux


An optimization for γ–amino butyric acid(GABA) accumulation of germinated millet was produced by controlling germination conditions of millet used as raw material. Effects of soak time,incubate temperature and incubate time on the GABA content in the germinated millet were studied using single factor test. The optimum germination condition was obtained by orthogonal array design. The results showed that the optimum germination condition was as follows:soak time was 16 h,incubate temperature was 25 ℃,incubate time was 60 h,in this condition,the GABA content of germinated millet was 6.5 mg/g dry weight.


Summary

The surface soil of the Banbury clay loam is a moderately to slightly acid, wellstructured, brown to reddish-brown, clay loam. With depth both structure and texture become coarser; the lower (B) horizons are characterized by a stone line, probably resulting from frost action. The profile examined shows no evidence of contamination by extraneous material. Weathering has taken place in situ and the clay minerals are derived from the parent material.

The sequence of soil formation appears to be: chemical weathering of the solid rock with the conversion of siderite and chamosite to goethite followed by physical breakdown of the rock and redistribution of iron among the different particle size fractions. The latter is caused by mobilization, translocation, and flocculation of iron oxide, particularly in the coarser clay fraction and most noticeably in the (B)2, horizon. Iron has also been lost from the soil.


Cell migration is a critical requirement for cancer metastasis. Cytokine production and its role in cancer cell migration have been traditionally associated with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. MLL1 is a histone methyltransferase that controls 3D cell migration via the secretion of cytokines, IL-6 and TGF-β1, by the cancer cells themselves. In vivo, MLL1 depletion reduced metastatic burden and prolonged survival. MLL1 exerts its effects with its scaffold protein, Menin. Mechanistically, the MLL1-Menin interaction controls actin filament assembly via the IL-6/pSTAT3/Arp3 axis and acto-myosin contractility via the TGF-β1/Gli2/ROCK1/2/pMLC2 axis, which regulate dynamic protrusion generation and 3D cell migration. MLL1 also regulates cell proliferation via mitosis-based and cell cycle-related pathways. Combining an MLL1-Menin inhibitor with Paclitaxel, a standard chemotherapeutic, abrogated tumor growth and metastasis in a syngeneic model. These results highlight the potential of targeting the MLL1 in metastasis prevention and its potential to be combined with currently administered chemotherapeutics. Statement of Significance We identify MLL1 as being vital to metastasis, which causes the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. MLL1 controls cell migration, a requirement for metastasis, by regulating the secretion of cytokines. MLL1 inhibition lowers metastatic burden independent of its impact on primary tumor growth, highlighting its anti-metastatic potential in TNBC.


Probing the relationship between teacher-student interaction and student engagement during online learning is of paramount importance for the improvement of the quality of online education. Based on the questionnaire concerning online education conducted by Xiamen University during the pandemic, this essay introduces relational embedding theory, and uses descriptive statistics, factor analysis and correlation analysis methods to analyze the influence of teacher-student interaction on online learning engagement. According to the results, teacher-student interaction exerts a significantly positive influence on learning engagement, and it has a stronger influence on behavioral engagement. Different interaction modes exert great influence on learning engagement. Synchronous interaction has a stronger influence on engagement, especially on emotional engagement than asynchronous interaction. The connectivity between teacher-student interaction and learning engagement is in relation to the forms and methods of online teaching. Therefore, engagement can be enhanced and improved mainly from three dimensions: teachers and students, platform-technology, and teacher-student interaction.


Little is known about the morphological versatility of the unarmoured dinoflagellates. The morphology of an unarmoured dinoflagellate with a distinctive H-shaped contour is described from sub-surface waters of the Strait of Gibraltar (NE Atlantic) and the northern Philippine Sea (NW Pacific). The cell body was slightly hexagonal with two rounded-tip apical arms and two antapical sharp-pointed horns. A carina with a straight groove was located between the two apical arms. The cingulum was excavated, with a descending displacement of more than one-half body length and had an overhang. A round nucleus was located in the left hyposome. These forms may correspond to a gymnodiniacean cell that is able to project body extensions under unfavourable environmental conditions.


We theoretically analyze frequency shifts of cold-atom clocks due to background gas collisions. Because nearly all collisions with room-temperature background gases that transfer momentum eject cold atoms from a clock, the frequency shifts for cold atoms are significantly different than those of room-temperature clocks. From general arguments, measurements of the loss of Ramsey fringe amplitude can usefully bound this source of systematic error.


: The relevance of this article is associated with the necessity to study factors pertaining to the entrepreneurial potential development of Russia's youth which affects the development of entrepreneurship in the country. Since the formation of the youth's entrepreneurial potential is linked to the differentiation between the social and economic development of regions, a study concerning the youth initiatives in the field of entrepreneurial activity in certain Russian regions is of great scientific interest. The aim of the current article is to identify the factors contributing to the development of students' entrepreneurial potential in typical regional societies


Aim To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of hypertension kindred-related gene in Hainan Province.Methods The 18 polymorphisms of AGT,ACE,eNOS,ET-2,ANP,NPRC genes of hypertension patients and their lineal relatives were determined by the technology of SNP gene chip.Results Among the 6 genes,the distribution of polymorphism genotypes of AGT(M235T)and ACE(I/D)showed a significant difference comparing with control group(P0.05),and allele frequency of the 6 genes wa not significantly differences comparing to control group. Conclusion Gene frequency of the 6 genes' sites in hypertension patients in Hainan showed its own characteristics compared with other regions and countries.The genotype TT of AGT(M235T)and genotype DD of ACE(I/D)may be relate to hypertension,and they might be the risk fators in occurrence of hypertension in Hainan Province.


PbSe is a low-gap semiconductor with excellent infrared photo-detection properties. Here we report our high magnetic field and low temperature electrical properties measurement performed on a moderately doped PbSe single crystals with p-type bulk carrier density of around $1\times10^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$. Longitudinal resistance (R$_{xx}$) and Hall resistance (R$_{xy}$) were simultaneously measured between 0 T--18 T at several temperatures between 0.8 K--25 K. These transport measurements start showing oscillatory behavior around and above 6 T of magnetic field. The quantum oscillation frequency is ~15 T, giving an estimate for the carrier density of each L pocket in the BZ participating in these oscillations. The effective mass of the free carriers is estimated from the temperature dependence of oscillation amplitudes. Measurements as the magnetic fields is rotated reveal the magneto-transport properties of a 3D-like fermi surface. Free carrier scattering rate from the transport data has been estimated which also gave an estimation of Dingle temperature in PbSe. Room temperature optical measurements has been conducted and other optical properties has been estimated. The Drude-Lorentz model fit has been performed which show a low frequency phonon mode around 45 cm$^{-1}$ and bandgap of around 0.2 eV along with other interband electronic transitions. Some of the optical and transport results has been compared against other members of class IV-VI chalcogenides.


Introduction Senior managers within organizations make decisions to deal with problems on a regular basis. In doing so, these senior managers must work with other individuals who are co-located with them or separated from them by distance and time. Whether near or far, problem solving and decision making necessitate the use of technology tools. However, just as a problem solving method or decision making practice might not be suitable for the unique situation, the technology tools might not be suitable or adequate for the problem at hand and the decision to be made, especially those technology tools claiming to support collaboration. This paper reviews the research on collaboration in comparison with cooperation, problem solving, decision making, and technologies that claim to support these activities. Following the review, we discuss the focus of this paper, which is the notion that senior managers do not have a clear understanding of collaboration and thus lack methods to help their employees or organization members solve problems. The literature review leads to a presentation of the methodology for this qualitative study followed by the results and discussion, including a presentation of the derived organization model and suggestions for future research. As an outline, this paper covers the following topics: * Review of research on collaboration that defines and compares this term with cooperation; * Review of research on problem solving, decision making, and technology tools and then compares their relationship to collaboration; * Illustrates senior managers' understanding of collaboration, problem solving, decision making, and technology tools; * Presents the research methodology, organization models, and a discussion of the findings and follow-up research question. Collaboration vis-a-vis Cooperation The literature illustrates the difficulty in differentiating between the meanings of collaboration and cooperation. Yet, it is important to make these semantic distinctions to establish a theory of collaboration and enable research investigations to proceed. In fact, Wood and Gray (1991) analyzed nine distinct definitions of collaboration, classified numerous categories, and suggested that "collaboration occurs when a group of autonomous stakeholders of a problem domain engage in an interactive process, using shared rules, norms, and structures to act or decide on issues related to that domain" (p. 146). This classification should encompass all discernible categories and omit any extraneous matters. Therefore according to Wood and Gray, a general theory of collaboration must describe an individual's function who acts to establish, legitimize, and guide the collaborative activity. Thus, collaborative activity maps to three critical issues: 1. Provide preconditions that make collaboration possible and motivate stakeholders, 2. Establish processes that support collaboration, and 3. Enable appropriate outcomes. These authors felt that rather than focusing on the individual organization, such as, an academic, business, or governmental group, researchers should look at the inter-organization problem domain, believing a general theory of collaboration should start with a classification of the phenomena (Gray, 2000). Socio-Cultural Perspective. Taking a socio-cultural rather than a problem domain approach, Lin and Beyerlein (2006) pointed out the continued confusion and called for further clarification regarding cooperation and collaboration. As such, Lin and Beyerlein determined that the nature of collaboration was not clearly defined and that related ontological and epistemological concerns were not addressed. Although the notion of collaboration was receiving much attention by organizational researchers and consultants, alike, these experts tended to treat collaboration as a structure, failing to acknowledge its social aspects. …


Most Japanese enterprises treat management philosophy and idea, among other resources, as the most important factor contributing to the success of their business .The importance of management philosophy is also highlighted in the following words made by the founding father of Matsushita Corporation, he once said: the key success factors of management of course consist of many different aspects, yet no doubt the correct philosophy is the most important one. Though business in Japan had generally suffered during the past two decades due to the bubble economy, most firms still sticked to the basic principle of: "Social responsibility of business" and periods. This paper then suggests that after careful study and critical selection we should benefit much from the essence Japanese management philosophy and practice.


This paper is intended to introduce approaches in dealing with language differences in foreign motion picture translation due to cultural difference.It claims that in order to achieve "functional equivalence" of language and culture in the translation of foreign motion pictures,we should adjust the form of source language with the precondition of maintaining semantic equivalence to solve semantic defaults and contextual conflicts due to cultural difference.


duced a clearance in his acne after 7 months. The clinical features and management of the three previous patients compared with our patient are outlined in Table 1. In the previous reported patients 2 and 3, a history of an inflamed acne lesion prior to localized facial swelling led the authors to postulate that a nodulocystic flare secondary to isotretinoin was the cause of the subsequent severe inflammatory reaction (2). The flare of acne lesions observed with isotretinoin is thought to be due to a sudden change in the microenvironment of Propionobacteria acnes and the death of these organisms causing release of soluble inflammatory mediators into the circulation (4). The presence of a large number of macrocomedones is considered to be a focus for inflammatory mediators transforming macrocomedones into inflamed lesions (4). Our patient had a large number of macrocomedones and had new inflamed acne lesions detected just prior to facial swelling. This suggests that he may have had a similar nodulocystic flare while on isotretinoin, leading to facial swelling. He also showed a rapid response to stopping isotretinoin and commencement of oral steroids. Only one previous instance of generalized facial swelling during isotretinoin treatment has been reported, and this patient was diagnosed as having facial cellulitis (1). An association of S. aureus colonization and isotretinoin treatment is well known (5,6). The clinical features of our patient, however, were not typical of facial cellulitis or erysipelas, and he was systemically well. Antibiotics were added as a precaution in our patient while oral steroids were commenced. We feel this reaction cannot be explained by an infective cause alone and suggest that isotretinoin is involved in precipitating severe facial erythema and swelling, even in low doses. Antibiotics used alone have not been successful in controlling this reaction (2). Clearance of acne can be obtained after careful reintroduction of isotretinoin under oral steroid cover. Combining isotretinoin and oral steroids at the beginning of treatment for nodulocystic acne has been suggested as beneficial in preventing flares of acne (7) and may also prevent this severe reaction of facial swelling.


: The analysis of software system evolution is highly significant in software research as the evolution runs throughout the lifecycle of a software system. Considering a software system as an algebraic engineering system, we propose a software system evolution analysis method based on algebraic topology. First, from a complex network perspective, we abstract a software system into the software structural topology diagram. Then, based on the algebraic topology principle, we abstract each node in the software structural topology diagram into an algebraic component represented by a 6-tuple. We propose three kinds of operation relationships between two algebraic components, so that the software system can be abstracted into an algebraic expression of components. In addition, we propose three forms of software system evolution, which help to analyze the structure and evolution of system software and facilitate its maintenance and reconfiguration.


An antenna structure and a mobile device are disclosed. The antenna structure comprises a ferro magnetic material patch, a plurality of first metal wires, a plurality of second metal wires and a plurality of metal connecting parts; the ferro magnetic material patch is provided with a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface; the first metal wires are arranged on the first surface; the second metal wires are arranged on the second surface; and the metal connecting parts penetrate through the ferro magnetic material patch, wherein the first metal wires are connected to the second metal wires through the metal connecting parts. According to the antenna structure, the overall thickness of the antenna structure can be reduced, the overall assembling process of the antenna structure is simplified, the overall manufacturing cost of the antenna structure is reduced, and radiation patterns towards different directions are provided, so that the antenna structure is suitable for applications in various small-sized mobile communication devices.


The objective of the Basalt Waste Isolation Project (BWIP) is to determine the feasibility of constructing a nuclear waste repository in basalt (NWRB) on the Hanford Site. Studies conducted to date indicate that an NWRB is feasible and would meet performance requirements with a significant safety margin. The two most promising candidate repository horizons for an NWRB are the middle Sentinel Bluffs and the Umtanum flows. Both of these flows are laterally continuous and have thicknesses of competent rock adequate to accommodate a repository. Significant geologic differences between the two flows are their depth, total thickness, and variability of flow top thickness. These differences will be considered in selecting one of the two flows for breakout from an exploratory shaft. The geochemical characteristics of both the middle Sentinel Bluffs flow and the Umtanum flow favor long-term isolation of radionuclides by providing an environment in which canister corrosion rates and solubility of many radionuclide-bearing solids is relatively low. The low permeabilities of the interiors of these two flows are also favorable for long-term performance of a repository. Finally, the interiors of both horozons consist of highly competent rock; preliminary design analysis based on the mechanical properties of these rocks indicate thatmore » stable openings can be excavated in both candidate repository horizons. 6 figures, 5 tables.« less


e16052 Background: Two in three Americans are obese or overweight, and African-Americans are 1.4 times as likely to be obese than whites. However, the relationship between obesity, race, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly debated. We sought to explore the relationship between BMI and race, and determine the predictors for survival and recurrence after nephrectomy (Nx) for RCC.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the Columbia Urologic Oncology Database found that 1118 consecutive patients underwent partial or radical Nx for RCC between 1988 and 2008. Of these, 499 patients had BMI and race data available. 379 (76%) were white, 51 (10.2%) were black, 37 (7.4%) were Hispanic, and 32 (6.4%) were Asian. 341 (68.3%) were male compared to 158 (31.7%) females; 215 (50.3%) had partial Nx while 284 (56.9%) had a radical Nx. Overweight and obesity were defined as having a BMI > 25 kg/m2 and a BMI > 30 kg/m2, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between BMI, race, and recurrence- free survival (RFS).

RESULTS
The 499 patients had a median age of 63 years were followed for a mean of 25 months. Asians had significantly lower BMI than the other races (p=0.02), but the other ethnicities had similar BMI distributions. The two year cancer-specific survival was 89.6%, 92.7%, and 96.1% for normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively (p=0.036). Race did not have a significant impact on predicting RFS. A multivariate Cox regression found that male sex, BMI, size of tumor removed, tumor stage, and margin were independent predictors of RFS. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to survive from RCC without recurrence than normal weight patients (p=0.04). An analysis assessing the effect of an interaction between race and BMI demonstrated that hazard ratios for increased BMI did not differ significantly by race.

CONCLUSIONS
BMI is an independent predictor of RFS in patients undergoing partial or radical Nx for RCC. Recurrence free-survival did not differ significantly among the different ethnicities, and the impact of race on recurrence-free survival did not vary among different BMI classes. The importance of these findings needs to be addressed in large multi- institutional analyses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Soil samples were collected in the basin of "Kamech" in Tunisia from four soil profiles at five depths (030 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm, 70-110 cm and 110-140 cm). Samples were incubated at 28°C during 90 days and CO2 evolution was monitored throughout the incubation using NaOH (1N) traps. The soils sampled had a high clay content of more than 50 %. They were classified as Vertisols (WRB-FAO classification).


Type : Poster Presentation No. : PDO 008 Multifunctional Nanoconstructs for peroral delivery of Insulin Mani Bhargava, Saurabh Bhargava, Vishal Bhargava Department of Pharmacy, ICFAI University, India Department of Pharmacy, United Institute of Pharmacy, India Department of R&D, KRV Hospitals, India Objectives: India is fast on its way to becoming a global diabetes `hub` of the world. Insulin therapy is the most appropriate choice for treatment of diabetes mellitus, but has several disadvantages as I.V. injection of insulin results in its inactivation by proteolytic enzymes in liver, frequent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, local reactions like swelling, erythema. The aim of the present work was to prepare a biodegradable system to deliver insulin through Concanavillin-A anchored PEGylated-PLGA nanoparticles, which would possibly, lead to enhance the stability of system; prolong insulin fate in blood and enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin by enhancing its lymphatic uptake using targeted approach. Methods: PLGA-Nanoparticles were prepared by Double Emulsification Method. Insulin loaded nanoparticles were characterized for their shape, size via electron microscopy. The prepared nanoparticles were activated and then conjugated to concanavillin-A. The conjugated system was again characterized in-vitro for conjugation efficiency with ligand, entrapment efficiency and stability. Studies like x–ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry & integrity of entrapped insulin was assessed using circular dichroism spectrum & in-vitro ligand agglutination assay were performed. Results: Ex-vivo study was performed, which exhibited the higher intestinal uptake of Con-A conjugated nanoparticles. The system was found to be effective in protecting the drug in the GIT environment and with good release profile. In-vivo studies suggested that developed system lowered blood glucose levels within a safer limit over prolonged duration of action. Conclusions: Con-A anchored PEGylated-PLGA nanoparticulate system can be a promising drug delivery carrier for oral insulin delivery in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Targeted approach led to the better uptake of system and increasing the oral bioavailability of the drug as inferred from blood glucose profile, additionally it also prolongs circulation time due to PEG attachment. Thus the potential for the use developed system as oral drug delivery system can be further investigated. TEM, SEM & Fluorescence Microscopy


The present paper deals with the existence and continuation of living megalith tradition among the Gond tribe in Nuaparha district of Odisha. The mortuary practice of different tribal community have given many ethnographical data, which is used as a primary source to reconstructing the past social and cultural history of megalithic people.


Disclosed for enhancing individual (such as older adults) method in neurological function. The method comprises a nutritional composition comprising HMB is administered to a subject. May be an individual or an individual at risk of suffering from these diseases in the nutritional composition having cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, and neurological disorders (typically caused by a neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive disease) provides a benefit.


Abstract : The use of surprise and deception as a force multiplier in joint warfare is analyzed across the spectrum of conflict from tactical to strategic war with emphasis on joint warfare coordination. Current political realities have resulted in military downsizing and lack of public support for long-term military operations which cause excessive friendly and/or enemy casualties. Both of these factors often limit the joint commander from using a brute force option. The use of surprise and deception can yield decisive results rapidly and with limited casualties when applied effectively. This research covers theoretical studies, historical analysis, and current unclassified doctrine to define the foundations for successful deception operations and how they interact with modern technology in future armed struggles.


The pure botanical disinfectant is a disinfectant prepared from 14 kinds of Chinese drugs including Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Flos Lonicerae, Herba Menthae, Flos Caryophylli, Cortex Cinnamomi, etc.. In order to know its germicidal efficacy and toxicity, carrier quantitative germicidal test and toxicity test were carried out. The results showed that 50% (v/v) solution of this disinfectant with a 1 min contact time, 40% solution with a 1 min contact time and 60% solution with a 1 min contact time killed 99.90% of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in average respectively. Calf serum had influence on its germicidal efficacy. The germicidal efficacy of its stock solution did not change obviously after storing at 37℃ for 3 months. The oral LD_(50) of its stock solution for female and male mice was 5000 mg/kg (body weight), so it belongs to actually nontoxic disinfectant. Cumulative toxicity test showed weak cumulative toxicity. It was not irritative to skin and mucous membrane. Micronucleus test was negative. The results indicated that this botanical disinfectant has good efficacy in killing vegetative form of bacteria and is not irritative to skin and mucous membrane.


At approximately 21?S in the Indian Ocean, thirty-five miles off the Australian coast, is Barrow Island. This island is a class "A" nature reservation in which all permanent interference with flora and fauna is prohibited but which contains an oilfield that produced 43,000 barrels per day during 1978. The resolution of the conflict between nature conservation and mining activities is effective, and the methods used to reconcile the competitive functions can probably be applied elsewhere. The island was given its high-ranking reservation status because it was untouched by human activity. Aboriginal man and his major environmental-modifying agents, fire and dog, never reached it, and Europeans with their destructive guns, cattle, and sheep did not hunt or settle there. Even rats from shipwrecks or occasional visiting ships failed to establish themselves, although on neighboring but much smaller Double Island they displaced most of the local fauna. As a result, Barrow Island remained a habitat primarily of prehuman Australian flora and fauna. There are more than 200 species of plants and 145 species of animals, excluding fish.1 It is believed that this population reached the island by a land connection during a lowlevel state of the oceans in the ice ages before the arrival of man in western Australia. Because the island has highly variable rainfall that averages eight inches annually, temperatures that fluctuate narrowly around 80?F, terrain of mainly low limestone hills (maximum elevation being 213 feet), and only one tiny freshwater spring, a very sparse vegetation cover should be expected there. Instead, owing to the absence of man's activities other than current oil production, spinifex, a prickly grass, covers almost the entire island. The cover is broken by dispersed prominent thickets of rock-fig, wattle, native willows, and eucalyptus, the latter reaching heights of thirty feet. Among animals, an interesting survival is the perentie, or giant goanna, a reptile that reaches a length of eight feet and resembles dinosaurs. There are also eight species of marsupials. None of the fauna or flora were affected by British nuclear tests in 1952 and 1956 on the Montebello Islands, which are located approximately twenty miles away, farther in the ocean.


Today's materials engineering leadership role is expected to expand and have a greater impact on evolving the organizational, technological, and strategic initiatives of original equipment manufacturers.


The experience of the countries of the European Union shows that the driving force behind their social and economic development is local self-government, in Ukraine it is territorial communities. Decentralization reform should ensure that local governments are able to independently resolve all local issues with their own resources. The problem of financial provision of territorial communities is of particular relevance in the context of financial instability in the country. The methodological basis of the study was: a systematic approach - for the theoretical definition of the essence of the financial support of territorial communities and their assessment; methods of comparative analysis and synthesis - to identify patterns of financial support and the structure of budgetary resources of territorial communities; statistical methods for assessing the effectiveness of financial support for territorial communities; graphic - to display the main trends in the formation of monetary resources of territorial communities. To analyze the dynamics of financial provision of TC in Ukraine, statistical data for the last 5 years were used. The article considers the impact of decentralization on the financial support of territorial communities. Its advantages and disadvantages are determined. The filling of local budgets in Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization is analyzed. It was studied that own revenues of local budgets have been constantly growing during 2016-2020, which positively characterizes the introduction of decentralization. Although, compared to 2019, the total revenues of local budgets reduced due to a decrease in transfers from the state budget. The dynamics and structure of interbudgetary transfers in 2016-2020 are analyzed. The mechanism of equalization and receipt of basic subsidies is considered. The main sources of formation of incomes of local budgets are determined. The importance in the structure of incomes of territorial communities of the tax on the income of individuals is noted. An evaluation model of the sufficiency of financial support for territorial communities is considered and a ranked series of territorial units is constructed. The problems of the financial support system for territorial communities due to the existence of post-conflict and temporarily occupied territories are identified. Directions for improving the financial provision of territorial communities are proposed and alternative sources of funds for the budgets of territorial communities are considered.


This paper sketched out SOAP and its relational technologies.According to the technological characteristics of SOAP and WebGIS,the feasibility and advantages of incorporating SOAP into WebGIS are discussied,a land management system WebGIS project on the basis of SOAP is proposed and the related topic is discussed.


10.4103/eus.eus_24_17 SpyGlass (Boston Scientific, SpyGlass Lightcource 4619, and SpyGlass Camera 4610, USA), a system designed for single-operator cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy, has been proven to be feasible.[1] It was introduced for direct cholangiopancreatoscopic applications by passing through a duodenoscope in the process of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this report, we present a case of pathologically proven mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), in which SpyGlass findings were obtained by introducing the fiber-optic into the cyst through a 19-gauge needle during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).


T h e title (or rather the subtitle) of this work is somewhat misleading. T h e combination of "secondary education" and "eighteenth-century New England" could perhaps lead one to assume that here is a work of educa tional history that either: (a ) is unaware of the anachronism of "second ary education" as an eighteenth-century term, or ( b ) is attempting to fit the historical past into the conceptual present. Neither assumption is warranted, however. Mr. Middlekauff is well aware of his terminology, as he makes abundantly clear on page vi i of his preface. "Secondary education" is utilized quite deliberately and is stipulated to refer to that education "given scholars between elementary and college years," with no attempt to squeeze eighteenth-century conditions into twentieth-century conceptions of what they should have been.


An above the Line Print Advertising Campaign 'The Government Minimum Wage'. Murray Researched locations and models in different areas in London and Birmingham and worked with the creatives to develop the initial layouts, working closely with the creative team to write treatments for all ads photographed


This study aims to determine bokashi leaves krinyu doses needed to support the growth and mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) production. This study using the design of random group with the treatment consisting of: without the treatment, dose bokashi leaves krinyu 5 ton/ha, dose bokashi leaves krinyu 10 ton/ha, bokashi leaves krinyu 15 ton/ha, dose bokashi leaves krinyu 20 ton/ha. The results of study show that dose bokashi leaves krinyu 20 ton/ha give results of the highest in all parameters observations namely high plants 29,39 cm, number of leaves 9,63 sheet, broad leaves 72,51 cm2, weight of the root 5,81 g and weight of fresh per plants 193,33 g.


Teaching for personal and social responsibility (TPSR) is unconventional in nature, and this article describes the origins of the program and the many hurdles it had to overcome. It is not strictly a form of kinesiology, social work or education. It focuses instead on the whole person: kids' needs, interests and vulnerabilities. But TPSR also shines a spotlight on the rigidity of universities, which may be aware of the need for interdisciplinary work but are unable to make it happen most of the time. Finding a home for TPSR within the conventional structure of the university was frustrating, especially when we were so convinced of its value. Sport and physical activity are a special medium with intrinsic appeal for most kids. It is a great micro-cosmos where we win, lose and cooperate, and it offers many more options for teaching personal and social responsibility than other school subjects. The main interest has always been to work with at-risk youth, empowering them and helping them develop tools for taking more control of their life and contributing to their community. TPSR was practiced as an after-school activity, which means it was a voluntary activity. Kids have to want to participate in it, and sport provides the intrinsic motivation.


Under basic aircraft configuration,the goal,control method and efficient computing of wing load control were presented.The design method of a maneuver load control system was researched.And it shows that the control system is efficient for wing load control through the design and simulation for the certain high-aspect-ratio composite aircraft.


Abstract Flexibility in location, scheduling, and delivery of courses and programs through distance education can provide disabled students with what may be their first real access to higher education. Distance educators must stay abreast of developments (particularly technological developments) that will improve future services; in this way, they can take a proactive stance in providing and delivering courses, instruction, and testing in accessible formats. This article states a philosophy for serving disabled learners and describes practical applications of that philosophy for distance education programs based on the experiences of the Independent Study program at the University of Wisconsin‐Extension. Issues addressed include information dissemination, planning, instruction, testing, and faculty training and support.


A theoretical study is made of the diffraction of light waves by dynamic grating structures formed as a result of one-photon absorption of the recording radiation in the waveguide material. The characteristics of diffraction in waveguides with step and exponential refractive index profiles are considered. The results are given of an experimental investigation of the diffraction of traveling waves by dynamic gratings in GaAs0.15P0.85 and CdS1–ySey waveguides. A satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental results is reported.


Accessory pathways (AP) with anterograde decremental properties and absent retrograde conduction are generally referred to as Mahaim Ž bers. The course and insertion sites of this distinct type of AP are variable. Noncontact mapping, which provides a high density of data with color-coded isopotential maps that can accurately depict propagation of a depolarization wavefront in a cardiac chamber, may facilitate the ablative therapy for this type of AP. A 25-year-old man presented with recurrent palpitations. Resting ECG showed normal sinus rhythm with no evidence of preexcitation, but regular wide complex tachycardia with left bundle branch block morphology and leftward axis was observed during palpitation (Fig. top). Noncontact mapping was performed in the right ventricle (RV). During sinus rhythm, the AP, which was localized in the posterolateral region in the RV, was clearly activated after the His and right bundles. The right ventricular activation sequence in a posterior view during tachycardia is shown in the Figure, bottom. Anterograde conduction along the AP with break out close to the apex (the black dot) was observed, and then the depolarizationwavefront (white discoloration) returned retrogradely along the septum and His bundle during tachycardia. Ventricular pacing conŽ rmed that retrograde conduction was absent in the posterolateral AP, and the anterograde decremental property of the AP was demonstrated by atrial pacing. A Mahaim pathway was conŽ rmed. Radiofrequency energy was delivered to the midbundle of the Mahaim pathway during tachycardia, as shown by the dark line (L) across the AP in the Figure, bottom. Tachycardia was terminated and anterograde conduction block of the Mahaim pathway was achieved. There was no recurrence of tachycardia at 6-month follow-up.


Recently, we demonstrated that the liquid-solid interface of the isotropic model of lamellar eutectic growth may undergo a parity-breaking transition from a symmetric to a tilted state. We found that the bifurcation to the asymmetric state is supercritical. Now we have solved the full boundary integral equation of the system assuming anisotropic surface tension. We observe that generically the supercritical bifurcation becomes imperfect, as could be expected from a simple phenomenological picture. In order to study whether finite domains of tilted states can exist under these circumstances, we consider a simple model for the coupling between tilt angle and phase dynamics that exhibits an imperfect bifurcation. We find that if the anisotropy is not too strong, the coupling leads to a picture that retains many of the qualitative features of the phenomenological approach given by Coullet, Goldstein, and Gunaratne [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1954 (1989)] for subcritical bifurcations. Furthermore, we offer a natural explanation for the experimental finding that on creation of a tilted state lamellae of a given grain preferentially tilt in one direction, not in the opposite one.


Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperthyroidism patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods 126 patients with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups: the first diagnosed hyperthyroidism and then combined diabetes mellitus group;the first diagnosed diabetes mellitus and then combined hyperthyroidism group and two diseases were diagnosed at same time group.Then retrospective analysis was carried out in clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment.Results The symptoms of last group was more typically and easily with complications,such as heart failure,arrhythmia,periodic paralysis;The statistical analysis showed that positive rate of thyroid autoantibody was not significant difference(P0.05)in the three groups.After comprehensively cured,blood sugar was well controlled in fasting and postprandial cases by insulin.With thyroid hormone returned to normal gradually,insulin dosage gradually reduced and complications eased.Conclusion Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus are autoimmune endocrine system disease,we should screen both index comparatively,explicit diagnosis as early as possible and treat timely.


We present a simultaneous measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry and the top-quark polarization in t ¯ t production in dilepton final states using 9.7 fb −1 of proton-antiproton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 1.96 TeV with the D0 detector. To reconstruct the distributions of kinematic observables we employ a matrix element technique that calculates the likelihood of the possible t ¯ t kinematic configurations. After accounting for the presence of background events and for calibration effects, we obtain a forward-backward asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð15.0 AE 6.4ðstatÞ AE 4.9ðsystÞÞ% and a top-quark polarization times spin analyzing power in the beam basis of κP ¼ ð7.2 AE 10.5ðstatÞ AE 4.2ðsystÞÞ%, with a correlation of −56% between the measurements. If we constrain the forward-backward asymmetry to its expected standard model value, we obtain a measurement of the top polarization of κP ¼ ð11.3 AE 9.1ðstatÞ AE 1.9ðsystÞÞ%. If we constrain the top polarization to its expected standard model value, we measure a forward-backward asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð17.5 AE 5.6ðstatÞ AE 3.1ðsystÞÞ%. A combination with the D0 A t¯ t measurement in the lepton þ jets final state yields an asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð11.8 AE 2.5ðstatÞ AE 1.3ðsystÞÞ%. Within their respective uncertainties, all these results are consistent with the standard model expectations.


In a recent issue of British Journal of Haematology, Rotoli et al. [1] divided patients carrying the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation with the e19a2 rearrangement into two types: one without additional chromosomal abnormalities (Type IA), and the other with other abnormalities (Type IB). Type IA patients usually present a mild clinical phenotype mimicking chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CML-N), and blastic crisis has not yet been observed among them. On the other hand, prognosis for Type IB patients is comparatively poor. It is a crucial problem whether Type IA patients develop blastic transformation, as this implies that young patients require stem cell transplantation in the chronic phase. Here we report another patient with e19a2 rearrangement who retained chronic phase for 15 years before blastic crisis. Cytogenetic analysis at initial diagnosis revealed t(9;22) as the sole abnormality. After blastic crisis occurred, a number of other chromosomal changes accumulated. Her clinical course provides some insights into management of the patients with this rearrangement. A 54-year-old female was presented with weight loss in March 1984. The spleen and liver were palpable 8 and 6 cm beneath the costal border, respectively. Her hemoglobin level was 11.8 g/dl, white blood cell (WBC) count 168 £ 10=l with 70% neutrophil, platelet count 408 £ 10=l; serum LDH level 1663 IU/l, and serum vitamin B12 level was higher than 3200 pg/ml. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity was normal (score 166). The bone marrow aspirate showed increased cellularity with myeloid hyperplasia. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 46,XX,t(9;22) in all metaphases examined. A diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase was made. During treatment with busulfan for seven years, the WBC count ranged between 10 £ 10 and 20 £ 10=l; while thrombocythemia did not improve. Alpha-interferon was commenced in 1991. Because no hematological and cytogenetic responses were obtained, hydroxyurea replaced interferon after a year. Although slightly elevated WBC count and moderate splenomegaly continued, the platelet count normalized subsequently. Finally, in August 1999, the spleen became gigantic and WBC count increased to 45 £ 10=l with 38% blast. The bone marrow aspirate showed erythroid hyperplasia with an increase in myeloblasts, leading to a diagnosis of erythroblastic crisis. Cytogenetic analysis at that time showed del(17)(p11) in addition to the Ph chromosome. Reverse transcriptase– polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis using a set of primers for BCR exon e19 and ABL exon a2 revealed that the fusion gene joined BCR exon e19 and ABL exon a2. In addition to the chromosomal abnormalities described above, add(9)(p34) and double Ph chromosomes were identified after two and seven months, respectively. Response to chemotherapy consisting of cytarabine and intermittent anthracyclines was poor, and she died in May 2000. Our case belongs to Type IA according to the classification by Rotoli et al. [1] because the Ph chromosome was the only cytogenetic abnormality at initial diagnosis. She remained in chronic phase for 15 years. It supports their notion that e19a2 BCR/ABL rearrangement in itself results in a mild clinical course. However, she finally presented blastic transformation with an additional chromosomal change. Blastic crisis can take place even in the patients of Type IA after a long period of follow-up. In the previous literature, interferon was administered to seven Type IA patients without any complete cytogenetic responses [2–6] and it remains to be seen whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors surpass interferon in this respect. In this regard, it seems to us that allogeneic stem cell transplantation should be considered for young patients with this rare rearrangement in chronic phase.


In order to solve the problem of biggish error existed in interpreting result of engineering application of DTC-150 explosion-proof advanced geology detector,the paper put forward necessity of developing a novel multi-wave and multi-component exploration system with seismic reflection method of mine.It analyzed characteristics of frequency of effective seismic wave in coal-rock,and put forward that effective distributing way of the system is laying seismic source in distal area of heading face and adopting once stimulate multi-channel receiving method.It also introduced circuit design of multi-channel data acquisition module with high speed and high precision of the system,and gave treating methods for eliminating interferences of diffraction wave of heading face and sound wave in tunnel caused by blasting.The system has been developed.The experiment result showed that the system has a little background noise and high reliability and stability.


Neurotensin (NT) shares several properties with the neuroleptic drugs.',' We have studied the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of NT on dopamine (DA) turnover in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic (olfactory tubercle plus the medial part of the nucleus accumbens) pathways of rat brain. DA and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as previously described.:' NT (30 pg/10 p.l PBS) increases DA turnover in the corpus striatum and mesolimbic pathway after i.c.v. injection. Significant increases in DOPAC levels occur within 15 minutes after injection with peak levels at 60 minutes for both brain regions. This effect of NT was dose dependent. Significant increases in DOPAC levels occurred after 3 pg (the smallest dose tested) with maximal stimulation ( X basal) obtained at 100 pg for the striatum (1.81) and accumbens (2.35). There was no significant difference in the ability of NT to raise DOPAC levels between these two brain regions. At 200 pg NT reduced DOPAC concentrations. HVA levels were similarly affected. To study possible direct interaction of NT with presynaptic dopaminergic receptors, we injected gamrnabutyrolactone (GBL), an agent reported to selectively block impulse flow in the dopaminergic neurons.' Such blockade of impulse flow results in an immediate increase in the synthesis of dopamine which is probably modified, under these conditions, by presynaptic receptor activity. The accumulation of DOPA after the administration of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor NSD1015 was used to measure striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity.'' Our data suggest that NT (30 g g ) has either an inhibitory effect on presynaptic DA receptors or a direct stimulatory effect on TH activity. DOPA accumulation was significantly higher in GBL-treated rats pretreated with NT both in the striatum (5.03 k 0.47 vs. 3.47 k 0.13 ng/mg tissue, p < 0.025) and mesolimbic pathway (2.14 +0.14 vs. 1.47 ? 0.08 ng/mg tissue, p < 0.01). These findings are supported by a previous report" that describes NT-enhanced DOPA accumulation in various brain regions of NSD-1015 pretreated rats. In the present study, however, using GBL, we were able to demonstrate that this effect of NT is mediated through its action at the presynaptic terminals. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate this effect at a much lower dose of NT. NT and haloperidol


M usical theaters and caf es have long been connected by historians to matters of urban sociability, entertainment, and consumption. They have also been depicted as cosmopolitan spaces par excellence. Encompassing a variety of establishments, ranging from music halls to variety and revue theaters, and from cabarets and caf e-concerts to literary caf es, they have served as a stage and place of performance for an equally rich variety of genres: songs, pantomime, shadow plays, dance, comedic sketches, revue, operetta, jazz, and acrobatic acts. Through their embrace of commercialism, technology, and the spirit of the time, they have turned into metaphors of modernity, while also serving, as was especially the case for cabarets and literary caf es, as haunts and abodes for a variety of nineteenthand twentieth-century artistic and literary avant-gardes. Contrary to the coffee houses, which have a much longer history, musical theaters experienced their golden age during the last decade of the nineteenth and the first decades of the twentieth century. During this time, they were the purveyors of a commercialized popular culture that appealed to the largest number, a role that was taken away from them from the 1930s on by Hollywood's film industry. In spite of this, musical theaters' importance resides in the fact that, for more than half a century, they were nesting grounds for new trends in the field of middle-brow and popular culture that were often articulated against, while also being in dialogue with, traditionalist forms of elite culture. The innovative role of musical theaters and their position at key junctures in the intersecting discourses between different forms of modern culture is well captured in the recently published collection of essays Popular Theater in London and Berlin, 1890 to 1939. The outgrowth of a three-year-long academic project jointly funded by the British Art and Humanities Research Council and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the collection, aiming to add to our knowledge of the nature of cultural transfer processes, focuses on the specificities of the transfer, adaptation, reception, and local interpretation of dozens of operettas, Alexander Vari is an associate professor of modern European history at Marywood University in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He has published articles on popular culture in Paris and Budapest and, among other projects, is working on a book–length manuscript on urban popular culture and the globalization of entertainment in Central Europe, 1880¡1914.


Bedrock DTU Orbit (06/03/2019) Integrated Characterization of DNAPL Source Zone Architecture in Clay Till and Limestone Bedrock Background/Objectives. Characterization of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture is essential to develop accurate site specific conceptual models, delineate and quantify contaminant mass, perform risk assessment, and select and design remediation alternatives. The activities of a distribution facility for perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) at the Naverland site near Copenhagen, Denmark, has resulted in PCE and TCE DNAPL impacts to a fractured clay till and an underlying fractured limestone aquifer/bedrock. The scope of the investigations was to evaluate innovative investigation methods and characterize the source zone hydrogeology and contamination to obtain an improved conceptual understanding of DNAPL source zone architecture in clay till and bryozoan limestone bedrock. Approach/Activities. A wide range of innovative and current site investigative tools for direct and indirect documentation and/or evaluation of DNAPL presence were combined in a multiple lines of evidence approach. Results/Lessons Learned. Though no single technique was sufficient for characterization of DNAPL source zone architecture, the combined use of membrane interphase probing (MIP); coring with quantitative subsample analysis, SudanIV test, and PID; and NAPL FACT FLUTe gave good insight in the source zone architecture in the clayey till. Surface geophysics with ground penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic reflection and refraction combined with geologic information supplemented the conceptual understanding of transport and distribution of DNAPL in the fill and clayey till and the interface to the limestone. Core loss in the limestone, particulary from soft zones in contact with flint beds, was caused by the water flush applied during drilling and likely also resulted in loss of DNAPL from high permeability features. Hence, coring and subsampling for quantitative analysis and SudanIV tests continues to be an unresolved challenge in limestone. The coring may also have impacted DNAPL in high permeability zones near the borehole, thereby, potentially affecting the use of the NAPL FLUTe. Water-FLUTe multilevel groundwater monitoring and sampling (under two flow conditions) and FACT-FLUTe sampling and analysis provided important information regarding potential presence of DNAPL versus dissolved and sorbed phase contamination in the limestone matrix. These combined methods provided an improved conceptual understanding of DNAPL source zone architecture in fractured limestone. The DNAPL source zone architecture in the clay till was consistent with conceptual expectations. In contrast the documentation for and quantification of DNAPL in the limestone aquifer was limited and demands refinement of techniques and further characterization.


Most studies in forages have been carried out with perennial ryegrass and legume species such as white clover. Recently, alfa-tocopherol and beta-carotene in a number of dicotyledonous forage species were compared to a grass-clover mixture. To develop management guidelines, insight into seasonal patterns across the various harvests and years is important. Therefore, four herb species, three legumes and a perennial ryegrass-white clover mixture were investigated in a cutting trial with four harvests (May-Oct) during 2009 and 2010.
Concentrations of alfa-tocopherol and beta-carotene were highest in October and lowest in July.
Biodiverse pastures could have added benefits in farming practice as various herbs outperformed the grass-clover mixture regarding alfa-tocopherol concentration, particularly in autumn.


Marking the 30th anniversary of the formation of Orion Bank in 1970, financial historian Richard Roberts has written a history of Orion and the rise and decline of the consortium banking movement.

Consortium banks were formed as joint ventures to enable banks to operate in the booming Euromarkets, with virtually every major international bank participating in a consortium bank during their heyday in the 1970s and 1980s. Orion Bank was one of the leading players in the Euromarkets in those decades: its shareholders were six of the biggest banks in the world from the three major trading blocks: Chase Manhattan, Royal Bank of Canada, NatWest, Westdeutsche Landesbank, Credito Italiano and Mitsubishi Bank. Like other consortiums banks, Orion Bank was prominent in Eurocurrency syndicated lending, but more unusually, it was also a top Eurobond lead manager.

The story of Orion exemplifies the tensions inherent in the joint venture approach to business development and the strategic dilemmas facing consortium bank managements and shareholders. Richard Roberts uses primary archival papers and interviews with former Orion executives and other bankers prominent in consortium and investment banking to present an authoritative case study with great topical relevance as today's European banking industry continues to integrate across borders. Take Your Partners is also an invaluable source of reference for anyone with an interest in the Euromarkets and the development of international banking.


The present study was undertaken in Chatha Nanhera and Taranji Khera villages selected from Sangrur district under farmer first programme with an objective of popularization of cultivation of chickpea and canola sarson in the area. A total of 50 demonstrations of chickpea and 70 of canola sarson was conducted in 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Seed of improved varieties of chickpea PBG 7 and GSC 7 (Canola sarson) was supplied to farmers free of cost as a critical input the results revealed that in 2017-18 the total cost of cultivation was calculated to be `22180 in FLDs and `22846 per ha in check plots of chickpea. The net return from the demonstrated field and local check were found to be `52233 and `48082 per ha respectively. The B:C ratio for the demonstrated field and local was calculated to be 2.35 and 2.10 respectively and during 2018-19 was 1.99 and 1.47 respectively. In the case of canola sarson net returns from the demonstrated field and local check were found to be `63700 and `58815 per ha respectively. The B:C ratio for the demonstrated field and local check was calculated to be 3.40 and 2.89 respectively. During the year 2018-19 net returns were found to be `50540 per ha in FLD plots and `40450 per ha in check plots and B: C ratio obtained during the year 2018-19 was 2.6 and 1.79, respectively.


One of the major problematics that face the Egyptian students of German Language, as a foreign language, is changing the singular into plural. This difficulty is due to the big differences between both languages: Arabic and German languages, as the plural in German language has many grammatical forms with various morphological endings not even approved by consensus of the German grammarians. Pragmatically and practically, this research tackles this topic through a group of Egyptian students of German Language as a foreign Language in Egypt. Thus, this study emerges some of these students problem's on forming the plural through actualized given examples of many singulars and other artificial singulars included within the study. Hence, this research attempts at answering the coming question: 1. To what extent can the Egyptian students perfect forming the plural German forms? 2. What are the most common mistakes on forming the plural in German language? 3. What are the criteria adopted by the students to structure the plural in German language? The study shows the coming results:  The most difficult form of plural in German language is such one which is not different from the singular. Pluralmarkierung im Unterricht Deutsch als FremdspracheProbleme bei ägyptischen DaF-Lernenden ةيبرتلا ةيلك ةلجم سمش نيع ةعماج ) 89 ) ددعلا سماخلا نورشعلاو ءزجلا( عبارلا ) 9102  Such forms which have letters that have diacritics are often avoided because they are not involved in Arabic language.  There is an improvement in the level of the researched group of students in the second stage (of their artificial singulars), although the students do not understand these words, for they use an inherent analogy or comparison on forming those plurals.


Abstract This article aims to show how South Slavic oral lyric songs in love and wedding contexts construct the images of an 'undesired Other'. The multiform Other may be a temporary Other within the in-group, while going through the liminal phase of the wedding rite of passage; or an outsider-Other by virtue of ethnicity, religion, or social status. The undesired Other is both known and unknown, dangerous and in danger, inferior and superior. He or she may be modelled as the ethnic and social Other, and ultimately as inhuman. The undesired Other functions primarily as a mean to articulate the fears, anxieties, hopes, and longings of young people of marriageable age.


The article discusses the economic prerequisites of the formation of the public structure of the countries of Northern Europe. This structure is characterized by a high level of material wealth of the population, its commitment to the ideals of inner freedom and social harmony. The basic reasons for the acceleration rates in the national economy of metropolises are re-vealed, the decisive role of the public sector in the economy is shown, the financial bases of the high level of welfare are determined. The progressive nature of the Scandinavian model of society, which combines economic stability and authentic unity of all decorum members.


Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for aqueous systems in the presence of electrolytes have many industrial applications. VLE data for water + monoethylene glycol (MEG) mixtures in the presence of...


The utility model discloses an impact frame adjusting device of an impact crusher, comprising an adjusting gasket which is arranged between a washer and a frame shell body, and a screw rod which is used for fixing the adjusting gasket; the screw rod and the frame shell body are rigidly connected; and a positioning connecting device is arranged between a connecting plate and a special nut, so that when in adjustment, a hydraulic cylinder works and enables the special nut and the connecting plate to act together, a hanger bolt can move up and down only by rotating the adjusting gasket so as to adjust an impact frame up and down. A positioning screw rod and a compression nut are arranged between the adjusting gasket and the frame shell body. The adjusting gasket is provided with a positioning slot. The positioning connecting device is arranged between the special nut and the connecting plate. The adjustment method is to toggle the adjusting gasket.


In this paper we prove that the projective dimension of Mn = R 4 =hAni is 2n ? 1, where R is the ring of polynomials in 4n variables with complex coeecients, and hAni is the module generated by the columns of a 44n matrix which arises as the Fourier transform of the matrix of diierential operators associated with the regularity condition for a function of n quater-nionic variables. As a corollary we show that the sheaf R of regular functions has abby dimension 2n?1, and we prove a cohomology vanishing theorem for open sets in the space H n of quaternions. We also show that Ext j (Mn; R) = 0; for j = 1; :: : ;2n?2 and Ext 2n?1 (Mn; R) 6 = 0; and we use this result to show the removability of certain singularities of the Cauchy{Fueter system. R esum e. Soit R l'anneau des polynomes de 4n variables. Soit An la transformation de Fourier de la matrice d'op erateurs dii erentiels associ ee a la condition de r egularit e impos ee a une fonction de n variables quaterniones. Soit aussi hAni le module d eeni par les colonnes de An. Dans cet article nous prouvons que la dimension projective du module Mn = R 4 =hAni est 2n ? 1. Nous prouvons ensuite, dans un corollaire, que la dimension asque du fais-ceau R des fonctions r eguli eres est 2n ? 1, et nous prouvons que certains groups de cohomologie sont z ero pour les ouverts de l'espace H n de quater-nions. Nous prouvons que Ext j (Mn; R) = 0; pour j = 1; :: : ;2n ? 2 et que Ext 2n?1 (Mn; R) 6 = 0, et nous utilisons ce r esultat pour prouver que certaines singularit es du system de Cauchy-Fueter peuvent ^ etre elimin ees.


Scattering of an arbitrary scalar wave with a fixed wave number incident upon a slender body of revolution is studied. The scattered wave is represented as the superposition of waves due to point s...


Aim: Primary To compare effect of 30 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg crystalloid infusion on post-operative nausea and vomiting after diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopy. Secondary To correlate incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting associated with different phases of menstrual cycle. Study Design: This prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in 200 patients [Group I - 10 ml.kg-1 crystalloid infusion (n = 100) and Group II - 30 ml.kg-1 crystalloid infusion (n = 100)] of ASA grades I/II, of either sex in the age group 20-40 years undergoing ambulatory gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Both groups were compared with respect to post-operative nausea vomiting, hemodynamic parameters and incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting associated with different phases of menstrual cycle. Statistical Analysis: Data for categorical variables and continuous variables are presented as proportions and percentages and mean ± SD, respectively. For normally distributed continuous data, the Student t test was used to compare different groups. Categorical data were tested with the Fisher exact test. Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients for data normally distributed and not normally distributed, respectively, were used to evaluate the relation between 2 variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the first 4 h after anaesthesia, the cumulative incidence of nausea and vomiting in Group I was 66% as compared to 40% in Group II (P value = 0.036, *S). Anti-emetic use was less in the group II as compared to Group I (13% vs. 20%, P = 0.04). Female patients in the menstrual phase experienced nausea and vomiting in 89.48% of cases as compared to 58.33% and 24.24% during proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycle, respectively.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how knowledge sharing is understood and
practiced at ConLog, a market leading company in the container shipping industry, as well as to
advance a conceptual broader understanding of knowledge sharing and its influencing factors with
regard to the existing literature.
Methodology: An in-depth field study was carried out for four weeks in which 24 semi-structured
interviews with an average length of 60 minutes, and observations were conducted. A hermeneutic
strategy with an abductive approach were chosen as the methods applied.
Findings: The results of the study were that organizational members at ConLog have a very
instrumentalistic, idealistic and naive understanding of knowledge, which is similar to what can be
found in literature. Furthermore it was found, that there are six different sources with which the
employees identify and that this fragmentation influences the culture and vice versa. Also, several
factors were explored that make knowledge sharing in the organization difficult. The principal
conclusion was that an instrumentalistic view of knowledge is not sufficient to cope with the
challenges in reality. A culture of knowledge sharing behaviour is vital in order to create an efficient
knowledge management system. Based on the empirical findings, a model was developed that
enhances the understanding of knowledge management and its underlying forces and dynamics.


The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using a surgical approach – anterior sagittal anoproctoplasty in children who had previously been operated with various techniques for anorectal malformations. Material and methods .  The analysis of postoperative results was performed using a scale for assessing the long-term results of treatment of anorectal malformations before and after surgery. A retrospective study of the patients who was previously operated for various forms of anorectal malformations for the period from 2016 to 2019 in pediatric surgery department of State Novosibirsk district hospital was performed. The early and long-term outcomes were assessed. Results. The criteria for repeated surgical treatment were: rectal mislocated outside of the sphincter mechanism, low social adaptation, secondary changes from the perineum and external genital organs. After investigation (identification of the sphincter mechanism using a myostimulator, irrigoscopy, MRI or MSCT of the pelvic organs), all patients underwent surgical correction – the anterior sagittal anoproctoplasty. Postoperative results were assessed using Holschneider score. The results obtained in the course of this study indicate the possibility of using this method of surgical treatment. Discussion. Children previously underwent surgery for anorectal malformations but having severe functional disorders in the anorectal region, are a complex group of patients who must be determined specific criteria for the reoperations need. The efficiency of surgical treatment depends on the presence of associated congenital malformations (myelodysplasia, pathology of the sacrum and tailbone), as well as the severity of cicatricial changes in the sphincter mechanism. Surgical intervention in 33.3 % of cases led to satisfactory and in 66.7 % of cases to good results.


(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR Primary Examiner Thanh Cong Le AUTOMATIC ADAPTATION OF Assistant Examiner Thuan T. Nguyen COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS TO (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert D. Varitz, P.C. REGIONAL SPECTRUM VARATIONS (57) ABSTRACT (75) Inventor: Carl Mansfield, Portland, OR (US) A method of configuring an RF transceiver to receive a (73) Assignee: Sharp Laboratories of America, Inc., geographic-region specific message within a RF signal from Camas, WA (US) a communications network, includes detecting the geographic-region specific message in a first RF transceiver (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this operating in a first RF frequency spectrum; associating the patent is extended or adjusted under 35 detected geographic-region Specific RF signal with a geo U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. graphic region; generating a configuration command Signal for the geographic region; and configuring a Second RF (21) Appl. No.: 09/499,896 transceiver to receive and transmit RF signals in a Second RF (22) Filed: Feb. 8, 2000 frequency spectrum particular to the geographic region from the configuration command Signal. A System for configuring (51) Int. Cl." .................................................. H04Q 7/20 an RF transceiver for use with a communications network, (52) U.S. Cl. ................ ... 455/422; 455/62; 455/575 wherein the network includes transmitters which transmit a (58) Field of Search .......................... 455/62, 422, 426, geographic-region Specific message unique to the geo 455/446, 448, 449, 454, 90, 575, 95 graphic region in which the transmitter is located, includes a mobile appliance having plural RF transceivers therein, (56) References Cited including a first RF transceiver operating in a first RF


Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test; post-test and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included senior high school female students and their parents from Falavarjan City (Isfahan Province, Iran) during the 2018-2019 academic year. Forty female high school students were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method. Then, they and their parents were randomly assigned into the control and experimental groups. The tools used in the study included Family Communication Patterns, Generalized Pathological Internet Use Scale, and Identity Crisis Questionnaire. The intervention included 8 positive psychotherapy sessions for parents and 9 positive psychotherapy sessions for adolescents. The obtained data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).


Abstract In the wake of the 2008 conflict with Georgia, Russia has re-established itself as the dominant actor in the South Caucasus, consolidating its military presence in the region and reinforcing its already substantial diplomatic and economic levers. This essay examines recent Russian policy towards the region as Moscow attempts to counterbalance growing Western involvement within what it perceives to be its zone of 'privileged interest', focusing on military aspects of its policy towards Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and the implications for security across the South Caucasus.


The guiding concepts underlying the reform of the electromagnetism curriculum for applied physics majors is discussed. The advantages of the traditional system and the features of the new "Electromagnetism" are analyzed.


The paper deals with applying principles of evidence-based medicine in performance of research studies in rehabilitation, its requirements for the researchers. It is emphasized that research in rehabilitation is characterized by unique features as its results depend on many factors: medical, social, technical, economical. The significance of qualitative and quantitative investigations is emphasized in the evidence practice. It is shown that evaluation of clinical efficacy of the physical factors is possible when the method and area of application, the power of the factors, dosage, the number of the application sessions per week, and the duration of treatment are known. The purpose of this article was to review scientific research carried out in rehabilitation, and emphasize their significance on the final results of rehabilitation. In 1969 WHO experts defined rehabilitation as "the combined and co-ordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and re-training the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability". To achieve this purpose, specialists of rehabilitation team must use scientific methods, technologies, and means. Important decision evaluating after-effects of diseases, traumas and disabilities at bio-psychosocial point of view was made in 2001 by WHO after adaptation of the "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health". Definition such as "Evidence-based medicine" is defined as one of most important area of the development of medicine. It outspread quickly in the world of medicine, but now more often was changed to a more comprehensive term as "Evidencebased practice". Evidence-based practice involves scientific information and information received from patients and their family members. In this way it is possible to get scientific evidence from a vast number of scientific studies from all over the world. Scientific studies in rehabilitation are unique because they depend on many factors: medical, technical, social, and economical. The paper emphasizes the significance of qualitative and quantitative studies in the practice of evidence-based medicine. It should be noted that evaluation of clinical effectiveness of physical factors is explicable when the method and area of application, the power of the factor, dosage, the number of the application sessions per week, and the duration of treatment are known. Evidence-based medicine is important for all rehabilitation specialists and team members. In practice we can prove effectiveness of rehabilitation methods and means by applying principles of evidence-based medicine correctly.Keywords: rehabilitation, evidence-based medicine, research.


This study examines the mechanical traits of bi-material concrete containing polypropylene fiber. This analysis aims to establish a relationship between bi-material concrete's compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS). M25 grade of bi-material concrete is designed, and polypropylene fiber is added to half of the concrete. Polypropylene fiber (PPF) was included in concrete with 0.20, 0.35, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50% by the weight of cement. Different test (CS, FS, STS) was performed over the bi-material concrete after 28 days of the curing period. Mathematical models were made by performing regression analysis over the experiment data and matched with the other models in the previous studies. Mechanical properties of the definite increase when the polypropylene fiber increases up to 0.5% compared to conventional concrete. It is seen that the empirical values fall within reach of expected values when the predicted values are compared to the experimental results. In this study, the existing analytical models and the relationship between mechanical traits of bi-material concrete are evaluated and matched with the models present in previous studies, and a new model is proposed.


Memory is one of the most discussed topics in both fictional narratives and the literary and critical theory of the last decades. The reasons for the fascination of many contemporary writers with memory are almost as variable as the work of memory itself: the intricate relations between memory and history (as well as historical writing); memory as a crucial element for the development, the retention, and the effacement of self-identity; and memory as a fundamental factor in the stream of consciousness. Perhaps more emphatically than any other cognitive process, memory is evidence of the construction (rather than the reflection) of reality by the human mind. Yugin Teo's book Kazuo Ishiguro and Memory chimes in with this cultural and literary interest in memory. Teo's approach to Ishiguro's fictional narratives is basically thematic. Accordingly, his argument is structured on three major (but not necessarily sequential) phases in memory work: forgetting, remembering, and, eventually, a release of the unfortunate consequences of memory. He emphasizes the interrelations between Ishiguro's insights concerning memory in his fictional writings and the philosophical ideas of Paul Ricoeur, especially in Memory, History, Forgetting (2004) and The Course of Recognition (2005). Teo's interdisciplinary approach also extends to film: he compares the (limitations of) representation of trauma and loss in Alain Resnais's Hiroshima mon amour (1959) with Ishiguro's novel A Pale View of Hills (1982). A major topic of the first part of the book is narrative unreliability, which is linked to the question of the very (un)trustworthiness of memory. Teo claims that the unreliable narrators of some of Ishiguro's fictional narratives struggle to reconcile past memories with present circumstances and discover that the complicated process of remembering and retelling events leads to a less accurate and less objective version of the past. The distortion of memory results in part from self-deception (see also Marcus 2006). Following Kathleen Wall (1994), Teo claims that no narrator — or any human being — is entirely reliable, coherent, and rational. Self-reflexive readers will recognize not only the narrator's flawed memory but also the limitations of their own memory, which is impaired by biases, mistakes, and delusions. They will, in turn, realize that they are neither superior to the unreliable narrator nor less susceptible to memory flaws. Such a recognition bridges the cognitive and moral gap between reader and text and causes the reader to empathize with the emotions and experiences of the narrator. However, Teo does not seem to differentiate the reader's inaccurate memory of the story told by Ishiguro's narrator — an inaccuracy that is the product of a perplexed and perplexing rhetoric designed by the implied author — from the biased memory any reader (or person) has of events and experiences from his or her own life.


This is another very interesting publication by Robert C. Gardner analyzing the socio-educational model as well as the different scope and coverage of studies on the role of motivation in second or foreign language acquisition. In the Preface the author first of all discusses certain ambiguities and misunderstandings that tend to be associated with the nature of motivation for foreign language learning in the socio-educational model. The preface later features a brief description of the book's chapters, including different aspects of the model, descriptions of the research forming the model, and also references to critical wordings. Chapter 1 – On the definition of motivation and its investigation – discusses the fundamental aspects of structural equation modeling with regard to second language learning motivation and related issues such as motivation for learning, commitment to education, social and cultural factors or emotional reactions. The notion of integrative motivation is considered the fundamental element of the socio-educational model, and in this chapter is described as an emotional construct that contains attitudes toward learning situations and motivation. The main aspects of motivation have to be evaluated, especially as regards contributed effort, willingness to learn a language and attitude toward learning it. In the final section of the first chapter the author analyzes the relations between several variables that have a high status in foreign language learning. The analysis of factors focuses on the main components of motivation. Chapter 2 – On the history of the socio-educational model – outlines the history of the socio-educational model through its three stages of development: "ancient" history (from 1945 to the early 1970s), early history (the 1970s) and SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Psychology of Language and Communication 2013, Vol. 17, No. 2


Objective To investigate the quality of drinking water in Shenzhen and provide information about water quality and provide bases for strengthening the supervision and inspection for the water.Methods The data of water quality between 2007 and 2008 were analyzed and compared with the standard of GB5749—2006 and Sanitary Standard for Drink Water by Health Ministry.Results A total of 439 water samples were analyzed and 381 of the samples were up to the Standard.86.78% of the samples were up to the Standard.The items of lower to the Standard were Total Bacterial Count,Turbidity,pH and iron and the qualified rates for them were 89.07%,98.16%,98.61% and 98.64% respectively.Conclusion The qualified rates of Total Bacterial Count,pH,iron and Turbidity were low.The measures should be reinforced for chlorination of drinking water,regular maintenance and elutriation of water pipeline,setting up automatic water monitoring system.


This article is the outcome of a research which has had as its main goal the knowledge and the understanding of the relationships among black children in a public school of Niteroi city. The main theorical references used were the works concerning to multi and interculturalism, as well as some researches focused on black children and the ethnic-racial relationships in the schools. Authors from Anthropology and Sociology of the Childhood and the Child branches were used as a support to the analysis of the ethnographic study here presented. The field research, which has a qualitative character and also an ethnographic motivation, was held in the first semester of 2008.

Keywords
Black children; multi / intercultural perspective; ethnic-racial relationships and school routine


An investigation was undertaken involving the extraction equilibrium of phenol from an aqueous solution using trioctylamine sulfate salt (TOA salt)/trioctylamine (TOA) as the extractant. The purpose of using trioctylamine as the organic solvent is to increase the total capability of phenol extraction as well as to avoid the use of other organic solvents. In order to prevent the formation of a second phase from the reaction of trioctylamine and sulfuric acid, 1-octanol in an appropriate amount was added to make the organic solution homogeneous. Equilibrium distribution coefficients (K d ) in the extraction of phenol by TOA salt/TOA were measured for various operating conditions. The equilibrium distribution coefficient of phenol (K d ) between two phases decreased with increasing the initial concentration of phenol, thereby decreasing the initial concentration of sulfuric acid, and subsequently increasing the volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase. We recommended that the extraction is carried out at low temperature. A higher value of K d up to 800 was obtained in using trioctylamine sulfate/trioctylamine as the extractant for equal volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase.


Services and facilities offered by the banks to their customers establish the connecting link between the banker and the customers. They are the medium through which the banks launch their relationship with their customers. The core of banking does not merely lie in the acceptance of deposits from the public and advancement of loans to the needy businessmen. Banking has traditionally operated in a relatively stable environment for decades. In the current scenario, the customers demand a range of financial services and banking products to be offered to them under one roof. The place where all such services are offered is called as Financial Supermarket. Hence, it becomes necessary for the banks to develop competitive advantage. A competitive advantage provides customers with superior value compared with competitive offerings. Services and facilities offered by the banks to their customers establish the connecting link between the banker and the customers. They are the medium through which the banks launch their relationship with their customers. The core of banking does not merely lie in the acceptance of deposits from the public and advancement of loans to the needy businessmen. Banking has traditionally operated in a relatively stable environment for decades. In the current scenario, the customers demand a range of financial services and banking products to be offered to them under one roof. The place where all such services are offered is called as Financial Supermarket. Hence, it becomes necessary for the banks to develop competitive advantage. A competitive advantage provides customers with superior value compared with competitive offerings. The present study concentrates on the effectiveness of banks in creating awareness among the customers about various services/facilities offered by them. The present study has also made an earnest attempt to suggest valuable propositions to the banker to create awareness among the customers about the various services/facilities offered by them.


800 it seemed that the combination of the spiritual and secular authorities would restore the glories of the pagan empire, but the structure soon crumbled to decay in the struggle between Erastianism and ecclesiasticism. The second attempt, made nearly three hundred years later by Hildebrand, also failed, and the medireval dream of a theocratic universal sovereignty passed away in the cultural achievements of the thirteenth century, despite the philosophical synthesis of scholasticism. In the third chapter of this volume, an interesting account is given of the intellectual crisis which arose as a result of the Grreco-Arabic scientific movement, and in the last of the four Forwood Lectures (which compose the main section of the book) attention is called to the development of a secular classical literary tradition in the Dark Ages which became an instrument in Christian education. " If the culture of the Dark Ages is a culture of schoolmasters, they were schoolmasters of Europe," it is maintained, "and all the subsequent achievement of Western culture rests on the foundation of their work." Two additional essays are included to make up the volume. In the first (reprinted from the Criterion) the origins of the Romantic Tradition are discussed to supplement the fourth lecture, and in the second, William Langland and The Vision of Piers Plowman are treated in an illuminating manner. The entire work is one which merits the attention of all students of medireval culture in its many aspects, and not least of those whose interest is mainly in the sociological foundations of the Middle Ages. E. 0. JAMES.


An improvement in the centroid shift method for the measurement of excited state lifetimes of less than 200 psec is reported. By the use of a p-n junction silicon detector in slow coincidence with the gamma counter, it is possible to select a charged particle group going to a single level for level spacings of 100 kev or more. The same target can then be used for both the prompt source and the gamma source being measured, and the two time spectra can be stored simultaneously in different sections of a multi-channel analyzer. It is shown that there is no error in the centroid shift measurement caused by changes in the overall counting rate as long as the coincidence counting rates in the two time spectra are affected similarly. The accuracy of the method is limited by systematic errors. (J.S.R.)


Aims: This study examines the construction of the ``heart disease candidate'' in advertisements for cardiovascular drugs in Scandinavian medical journals. Methods: All advertisements for cardiovascular drugs (n=603) in Scandinavian medical journals (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) in 2005 were collected. Only advertisements that portray users (n=289, 48% of the advertisements) were analyzed. Results: The results show that coronary candidacy is constructed as a male condition in half of the advertisements for cardiovascular drugs. The advertisements suggest a gendering of heart disease: men are the major victims of heart failure and cardiac insufficiency, and women are in need of cholesterol-lowering drugs. The cardiovascular drug advertisements portray a restoration of men's hyperactive agency, valorized by means of sporty images, by drawing on masculinity as a fixed trait and behavior. Hypercholesterolemia as a woman's disease reproduces the tyranny of slimness for women: Only women's stoutness is medicalized, and there are no pictures of heavy men. Conclusions: The findings point to the public health implications of gendered images of coronary candidacy in medical advertising.


A pure sample of CH3D has been prepared and studied in the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum of CH3D cannot be predicted from that of CH4 by assuming complete similarity between H and D (except mass). More information has been obtained on the difference in behavior of H and D on electron impact previously noticed by Delfosse and Hipple for C2H2D2. There is a difference in dissociation probability of C–H and C–D bonds which is approximately constant for several ionization processes and over a considerable range in electron energy. In addition to this there is a difference in behavior of H atoms in CH4 and H atoms in CH3D. In order to account for the mass spectrum of CH3D in terms of the mass spectrum of CH4 both these effects must be taken into consideration. Re‐examination of the data of Delfosse and Hipple points not only to the difference between H and D atoms in C2H2D2, but also to a difference in behavior of H atoms in C2H4 and H atoms in C2H2D2.