A
large
number
of
concerns
and
problems
with
first-‐generation
biofuels,
including
food
competition
and
environmental
impacts,
could
be
reduced
with
the
production
of
biofuels
from
forest
and
agricultural
residues
and
other
non-‐food
feedstocks.
Advanced,
second-‐generation
biofuels
could
potentially
supply
a
substantial
proportion
of
fuel
sustainably,
affordably
and
with
significantly
less
environmental
impacts.
Currently,
this
technology
is
being
implemented
at
demonstration/pilot
scale
in
a
number
of
plants
over
the
world.
The
goal
of
this
report
is
to
conduct
a
comparative
analysis
between
two
demonstration
plants:
Abengoa
Energy
in
Spain
and
Inbicon
in
Denmark.
The
analysis
will
first
will
take
a
broad
perspective,
examining
the
main
activities,
value
chain
characteristics,
key
technologies,
market
policies,
and
innovative
projects
of
each
plant.
This
report
will
then
focus
specifically
on
the
technological
process
and
each
pathway
considering
enzymes,
products,
by-‐
products,
treatments
and
raw
materials
with
the
aim
of
determining
which
aspects
could
be
improved
within
each
company.


FIG. 2.-Average mortality rates (all causes), 1948-1952, England and Wales (adjusted for age/sex distribution), represented as a percentage of national rate. More than 10% below national rate. E-.-73 5-10% below national rate. Within 5% of national rate. 5-10% above national rate. _More than 10% above national rate. Payne concludes that the distribution "may imply a common aetiological background to these two conditions." Some years ago I was investigating the high incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy in Cornwall; I had recently read Nye's book on chronic nephritis and leadpoisoning,' and, knowing that maternal mortality rates show a statistically significant positive correlation with rainfall in England and Wales,2 I thought it possible that high plumbo-solvency in the moorland waters of the north and west might lead to prevalence of subclinical chronic nephritis, which, in turn, would influence the prevalence of toxaemia of pregnancy.3 The distribution of mortality from nephritis (Fig. 1) was indeed similar to that of maternal mortality, but further investigation showed that both follow the general pattern of the comparative mortality figure for deaths from all causes (Fig. 2). I think one can only conclude that pernicious anaemia, gastric cancer, maternal mortality, and nephritis all make a contribution to the distribution of mortality from all causes in England and Wales. In contrast the comparative mortality figures for diabetes mellitus show low rates in the industrial North and unexpectedly high mortality in Lincoln, East Anglia, and the East Midlands.4 Fig. 1 is reproduced by permission of the editor of Medical Officer, and Fig. 2 by permission of the editor of Puiblic Health. -I am, etc.,


Dongfeng Hydropower Plant has played a role of break point of south power grid and north power grid of Guiyang for ages.In its safety stability device,there is a tactics to treat the "one line tripping and another line overloading" accident of east main double circuit which is very important for thermal stability and safety of 220kV output cables of Dongfeng Hydropower Plant.In 2008,August 29,the east main circuit No.2 tripped,and then the east main circuit No.1 was overload,but the safety stability device of Dongfeng Hydropower Plant didn't execute the established overload treatment tactics.The reason of the accident and the anti-accident measures were analyzed and introduced,and a proposal about the criterion of relevant tactics for the device was put forward.


In order to improve the power factor of power grid, The main aspects affect its change including multiple connection rectifier input current sequential control of harmonic, harmonic distortion, the fundamental factor are analyzed .Then the wave theory and the calculation formula are given, On this basis,the control strategy to reduce the harmonic is proposed .


Metastasis is a prerequisite for cancer development, which requires both proliferation and migration/invasion of
 the cancer cells. In this study, we reported that severe hypoxic conditions could inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and
 Claudin-7 and up-regulate the expression of p18 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A-549 cells). We demonstrated
 that hypoxic conditions can promote the metastasis, while inhibit the viability and proliferation of A-549 cells by downregulating
 HIF-1α/Claudin-7 and up-regulating p18. However, intermittent hypoxic condition could inhibit A-549 cells
 invasion and promote cell proliferation by affecting the expression of Claudin-7 and p18. We also confirm, using a small
 interfering RNA transfection technique (siRNA), that Claudin-7 could act as an anti-cancer biomarker of metastasis in
 A-549 cells. Silencing HIF-1α in A-549 cells could down-regulate the expression of Claudin-7.
Our results suggest that we could use intermittent fluctuations of O2 level in tumor center to inhibit metastasis by
 controlling the timing and pattern of intermittent hypoxia. It may potentially be used as a new treatment for solid tumors,
 especially those that are not sensitive to radiotherapy.


The"E+C"teaching model is a combination of internet on line multimedia network teaching and classroom spoken language teaching.The speech recognition technology can be used to perfect pronunciation in E-learning.The real language environment can be simulated;the specialized vocabulary can be introduced;language ability can be improved;the latest information can be obtained through the use of internet.Teachers can organize rich class activities in C-learning where students can be trained to use the statements correctly and to improve their communication ability.The "E+C" teaching model helps to get students involved in the real English environment,to train students' language and communication ability.So that students can master the hotel professional English better.


Practical Implications – Multimodal composition and making can be effectively integrated into pre-service candidates' literacy education, as well as high school English Language Arts, to develop multimodal communication and inclusive design skills and values. Success depends on interdisciplinary expertise (e.g., children's books, tactile design, making technologies, etc.), and sufficient access to physical and digital materials and tools.


Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for lighting are quickly becoming the new lighting source for residential, commercial, and automotive markets. Backlights are the first automotive application for OLED lighting. Thin, light weight, uniform and homogeneous surface lighting with high contrast segmentation are the key values that some OEMs are capitalizing on. With Corning® Willow® Glass, conformable OLED lighting panels enable unique design and a new branding paradigm for automotive OEMs.


In this study we present the design of an autonomous mobile robot that navigates indoor and outdoor environments using computer vision. System's hardware, software and simulation infrastructures are explained and autonomous navigation algorithms used to reach a given target are described. Successful experimental results are obtained for computer vision algorithms like sidewalk following, visual localization and sidewalk detection from satellite maps, crosswalk detection and path planning. We envision that in the future such a system can be a basis for designing advanced robot systems that help people in their daily lives.


This article has reviewed the latest advances in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on their relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage. The latest research advances on the functional mimics of Mn-SOD as promising therapeutic agents to neurodegenerative diseases are summarized. The Mn-SOD mimics possess several advantages over native enzymes on stability, efficacy and toxicity. Progress in the field is heavily dependent on the understanding of the chemical bases of the diseases and the discovery of novel protective and therapeutic agents.


This paper addresses the problems of aliasing as associated with frequency response analysis. Modern composite frequency response analysers rely on the use of digital memory and digital-to-analogue techniques for the storage and generation of their test waveforms. The application of such techniques, however, results in reconstituted waveforms which are non-band-limited in the frequency domain. If these waveforms are applied directly to the system under test then the system output cannot be guaranteed to be digitally sampled without introducing aliasing effects into the measurement process. The basis for a technique for compensating for the effects of aliasing in such frequency response analysers is presented. This technique is largely based upon a software algorithm, and removes the need for anti-aliasing filters. >


The aim of this thesis is to design a isolation and energetic efektivity of family house, with use of renewable energy source, in a way to fulfill conditions of almost self sufficient zero-house. Desing and calculation of reconsruction includes systems and Technologies for comfort of living. Building have to met requiements of energy efficiency and building termo physical parameters. Projects includes design of heaating by using of renowable sources of energy. For monitoring of systems is used Building management system.


Purpose: A chronic wound model provides an opportunity to understand fundamental mechanisms that could possibly provide leads for novel diagnostic molecules. An in vitro chronic wound model was created to evaluate the healing potential of stem cell (SC) secretome obtained from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and cord blood platelet lysate (CBPL).
Methods: hUCMSCs were obtained from explant culture of umbilical cord. SC secretome was collected from cells at passage 2 after appropriate SC characterisation. Platelets were isolated from cord blood and exposed to a repeated freeze–thaw cycle to obtain CBPL. An in vitro chronic wound model was created using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hypoxia in HEK293 cells through scratch in a cell monolayer. Wounds were exposed to SC secretome and CBPL and their wound closure efficacy was calculated as relative wound density (RWD%) at defined time points.
Results: MSCs with typical spindle-shaped morphology were isolated from explant culture that sustained their stemness and morphology until up to passage 10. DMSO efficiently impeded the movement of cells into the wound area to generate a chronic wound model which was efficiently removed upon addition of SC secretome and CBPL.
Conclusion: A transient in vitro chronic wound model was created successfully to determine the healing efficiency of SC secretome and CBPL.


In this paper various power quality problem caused by voltage sag or swell on power system are discussed. These problems will create failure of end user equipments which are sensitive to power quality supply. Here an attempt is taken in this paper to review from its establishment to an up to date bibliography on DVR for power quality improvement. Basically the main function of DVR is to eliminate voltage sag. Various control strategies and its improvement is analyzed. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is one product that can provide improved voltage sag and swell compensation with energy storage integration. Ultra capacitors (UCAP) have low-energy density and high-power density ideal characteristics for compensation of voltage sags and voltage swells, which are both events that require high power for short spans of time. The novel contribution of this paper lies in the integration of rechargeable UCAP-based energy storage into the DVR topology. Ultra capacitors (UCAP) have low energy density and high-power density ideal characteristics for compensation of voltage sags and voltage swells, which are both events that require high power for short spans of time. With this integration, the UCAP-DVR system will have active power capability and will be able to independently compensate temporary voltage sags and swells without relying on the grid to compensate for faults on the grid like in the past. The proposed concept can be implemented with RES for Induction motor applications


The function of marketing strategy, the role of using marketing funnel for increasing the amount of leads and turning them to loyalty buyers, the AIDA model as a main tool of funnels and the CVO process have been determined in the article.


Recent research has suggested that the personality trait of self-monitoring affects how people perceive the symbolic meanings of such products as clothes, furni ture, and other self-presentational props or possessions. In particular, Thompson and Davis (1988) found that high versus low self-monitors judged traditional fur niture styles as more aesthetically pleasing and contemporary furniture styles as more prestigious. However, several possible flaws in their design raise questions concerning the validity of their findings. A data set originally collected for a different purpose showed some promise of addressing these issues. The reanal ysis of these data produced results that generally support and reinforce those of Thompson and Davis. Specifically, as found by Thompson and Davis, self- monitoring was related to the evaluations and impressions of furniture. Further and more important, self-monitoring moderated the effects of differences in tra ditional versus contemporary styles in a manner that supported the relevance of this personality variable to judgments of furniture designs, thereby reinforcing its potential usefulness in practical applications.


The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which PTSD like symptoms regressed on Social reaction to Sexual harassment and Appraisal of trauma. It also aimed to investigate the mediating role of Appraisal in the relationship between Social reaction and PTSD symptoms.  The sample comprised of 66 women (Mage= 23.33) who have experienced sexual harassment based on self-reports. The tools used were Social Reactions Questionnaire- Shortened (SRQ- S) [1], Trauma Appraisal Questionnaire (TAQ) [2], and PTSD Checklist- Civilian version (PCL- C) [3]. Pearson product moment correlation, Multiple regression analysis and Sobel's Mediation analysis were used. The results revealed a significant relationship between all three variables under study.


Tuning might be the figure best suited to joining this pair of apparently incongruous texts, tuning in the sense defined by David Antin as "a negotiated concord or agreement based on vernacular physical actions with visible outcomes like walking together," as opposed to understanding, which is predicated, Antin contends, "on a geometrical notion of congruence."1 The latter typifies a poetic culture Antin and Jerome Rothenberg would identify as literal, possessing a relatively rigid relationship to language and heritage, wielding text as an instrument for modeling and containing meaning, while the former is characteristic of what Antin has called a "software society" whose programming stresses the continuity of process rather than any final product, presupposing a work's adaptation to the ambient context at hand.2 Tuning as figure situates the poetic act in the realm of the oral/aural without recourse to romantic assumptions surrounding the singularity and presence of lyric voice or naı̈ve "anthropological" notions of cultural origins. A poet working in this mode is simply "someone who could talk when the time came could remember other talking,"3 tuning him or herself to the other as effectively by means of broadcast and recording technology as through immediate communion.


Long chain saturated fatty acids are known to inhibit breast cancer ceUproliferation, however, the mechanism of this inhibition is not known. Treatment of Hs578T breast cancer ceUs with long chain saturatedfatty acids (0.15 mmol/Lfor 6 hours) before epiderinal growth factor (EGF) treatment inhibited EGF-induced ceU proliferation in a chain-length-dependent manner. Stearate (C(18) completely inhibited the EGF-induced ceU proliferation, wbereas palmitate (C.16) inbibited by 67 ± 8% and myristate (C(14) had no effect. In contrast, stearate had little effect on insulin-like growth factor-i-stimulated ceU proliferation. The inhibitory effect ofstearate on ceU proliferation was dose and time dependent and independent of EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation. Pretreatment ofceUs with pertussis toxin (0.1 p.g/mlfor 24 hours) inhibited the EGF-induced ceU growth by 50 + 8%, also independent ofEGFR tyrosine pbospborylation. A pertussis-toxin-sensitive, 41-kd G-protein was specificaly co-immunoprecipitated with the EGFR. Pretreatment of ceUs with 0.15 mmol/L stearatefrom 0 to 6 hours inhibits, in paraUel, both the EGF-induced ceUproliferation and pertussis-toxin-catalyzedADP ribosylation ofthe Gprotein associated with the EGFR. These studies suggest that long chain saturatedfatty acids inhibit EGF-induced breast cancer ceUgrowtb via a mechanism involving an EGFR-G-protein signaling pathway. (AmJ Pathol 1996, 148:987-995) Numerous studies have demonstrated that certain types of dietary fat affect the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Generally, high levels of dietary long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) suppress the development of mammary tumors compared with long chain unsaturated fatty acids in the carcinogen-induced rodent mammary tumor model.1 Supplementing saturated fatty acids with a small amount of long chain unsaturated fatty acids reverses the inhibition of mammary tumor cell proliferation of such fats,'3 but this reversal is dependent on the amount of unsaturated fat added.4 It has been suggested that this inhibition is simply due to inadequate linoleic acid content in the high LCSFA diet. However, when rats were fed high levels of LCSFAs, they were typically fed palm oil (11% linoleic acid) or lard (9% linoleic acid), which have approximately 10 times the normal recommended essential fatty acid requirement for normal growth.5 An inhibitory effect of LCSFAs on cell proliferation and promotion has also been demonstrated in spontaneously derived and transplantable mammary tumors in mice and rats1 as well as breast cancer cell culture studies.6-9 The mechanism for this inhibition is unknown. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in some breast cancers. Its presence is associated with a more aggressive clinical course, suggesting that it has an important growth regulatory function in breast cancer.10-13 Furthermore, an increased proliferation rate of breast tumors correlates with a poor relapse-free survival time and overall patient survival.14 EGF initiates a cascade of intra-


Abstract A traditional argument based on Leibniz's Law concludes that, for example, a statue and the piece of marble of which it is made are two different objects. This is because they have different properties: the statue can survive the loss of some of its parts but the piece of marble cannot. Lynne Rudder Baker adds that the piece of marble constitutes the statue. In this paper I focus on what I think is the most powerful objection to Baker's account of the constitution relation, which has to do with her notion of circumstances. I present the objection following Derk Pereboom's formulation and, afterwards, I analyse Baker's answers to the criticism. I conclude that they make her overall project less attractive. Finally, I propose a new answer to the criticism. This will suppose a new formulation of the constitution relation, albeit done in the spirit of Baker's account.


Vegetation and climate are important aspects of ecology and environmental research. To explore the relationship between vegetation and climatic factors in the Loess Plateau, we analyzed the trends and responses of vegetation to climate changes in the whole zone as well as in different types of vegetation cover zones using linear trend analysis, Pearson′s correlation analysis, multiple linear regression models, and path analysis methods published between 2000 and 2015. The vegetation cover classification data were obtained from maps published by European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (ESA CCI⁃LC) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were derived from MODND1T / NDVI vegetation index data. The results indicated that (1) from 2000 to 2015, the regions with significant increase in


This paper reviews most of the network performance measurement methods, then proposes the selection strategies based on network topology discovery and history data statistics in a 100-Mbps Ethernet .


Despite having been introduced in 1962 by C.L. Mallows, the combinatorial algorithm Patience Sorting is only now beginning to receive significant attention due to such recent deep results as the Baik-Deift-Johansson Theorem that connect it to fields including Probabilistic Combinatorics and Random Matrix Theory.
The aim of this work is to develop some of the more basic combinatorics of the Patience Sorting Algorithm. In particular, we exploit the similarities between Patience Sorting and the Schensted Insertion Algorithm in order to do things that include defining an analog of the Knuth relations and extending Patience Sorting to a bijection between permutations and certain pairs of set partitions. As an application of these constructions we characterize and enumerate the set S_n(3-\bar{1}-42) of permutations that avoid the generalized permutation pattern 2-31 unless it is part of the generalized pattern 3-1-42.


The majority of highway systems are two-lane highways in China. It is showed that accidents on two-lane highways are relatively more than other road infrastructures according to the statistics of road traffic accidents. Overtaking behavior is rather dangerous and the traffic accident often happens in the course of overtaking on two-lane highway. In the course of overtaking, the driver must observe the opposite vehicles and find an appropriate acceptable clearance .Then the overtaking vehicle could return to the original lane. In this paper, a new overtaking model is established based on analyzing overtaking behavior and the existent models. In the model, the course of overtaking is divided into five steps. This paper explains each step and makes out the corresponding simulation frameworks. At last, the model was validated by making use of the field data. It is useful for studying the overtaking behavior on two-lane highway. For the covering abstract see ITRD E138091. This paper is available from http://ictct.org/dlObject.php?document_nr=556&/7_1LiuShijie275_284.pdf


"If all life is regarded as sacred, as the principle enunciates, then man cannot knowingly allow life to be destroyed whenever it is unnecessary or preventable… . The application of the principle of Reverence for Life could be the corrective force for preserving and maintaining the balance of nature. True ethics involves the quest to preserve everything which wills to live."


A Locally Recoverable code is an error-correcting code such that any erasure in a single coordinate of a codeword can be recovered from a small subset of other coordinates. We study Locally Recoverable Algebraic Geometry codes arising from certain curves defined by equations with separated variables. The recovery of erasures is obtained by means of Lagrangian interpolation in general, and simply by one addition in some particular cases.


Recent advances in small-molecule mediated protein degradation have fueled interest in applying such technology to drug development. Whereas conventional therapeutics require sustained target occupancy to ensure maximal clinical effect, induced protein degradation operates via an event driven model in which the drug, through a catalytic mechanism, mediates recruitment of the target protein to the cellular quality control machinery. Targeted protein degradation offers the potential of a new class of drug molecules, advantageous in terms of potency, efficacy, duration of action and target selection in comparison to traditional occupancy based therapeutics. Recent findings in the development of small molecule heterobifunctional degraders (which recruit target proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase) have positioned this technology front and center for taking on this therapeutic challenge. Such bifunctional degraders have demonstrated potent, selective and reversible protein depletion of a number of cellular protein targets. There are however a number of factors that play a role in what makes an optimal degrader and what defines an ideal target for this technology. This chapter discusses recent progress in the development of heterobifunctional degraders, assesses the scope and limitations of the technology, and touches on other emerging concepts in the area of small-molecule mediated targeted protein degradation.


The focus of this study is on how fertility in the USSR can be influenced by policy. The author states that a major factor is the economic well-being of the family which may provide the conditions under which parents will choose to have a second or third child. The author also notes that it might be easier to prevent the transition from larger families to single-child families than to persuade single-child families to expand to two- or three-child families. (ANNOTATION)


Traditionally, market researchers have sought some formula to predict the acceptance of a new product or innovation in advance of its introduction. Perhaps a universal marketing formula will never be found. However, a summary of 3000 research studies, conducted in the United States and in other countries of the world, on how people accept new ideas promises more insight into the subject of the marketing of passive design and products than ever before.


With solid stationery,the gum change sex for study a contents,introduced the chemistry technological design of interest and research type experiment. The adoption was self-made of change sex white the foam rubber anticipate for radicle and choose the stearic acid sodium as coagulant and border on benzene two A sour two D esters in order to increase a Su and a Ren,join another dilution,and hydration,etc.,carried on a design to the formula of the solid stationery gum. The teaching practices enunciation,the experiment stirred up the aggressive that the student investigated to come to an ideal teaching target.


Sperm freezing is of interest not only for animal breeding. The ability to use sperm in frozen form for AI is a key factor in ensuring the long-term preservation of genetic diversity through the creation of a sperm cryobank. The most widely used freezing method involves using straws as packaging sperm, then freezing them on liquid nitrogen (N2) vapor and finally immersing them in N2. The cryosurvival of sperm cells also varies among different animal species and has been correlated with the freezing rate, i.e., the distance of the straws above the N2 level. Identifying a freezing procedure that will report a fertilization rate as close as possible to that of fresh semen appears to be a challenge. Thus, there is a clear need to standardize the entire freezing process. In this research, a new device for semen cryopreservation is presented. The cryopreservation prototype allows management of the freezing rate by varying the heights of the support straws above the N2 level. A stainless steel box with a suitable floating frame equipped with a support for the straws was designed and fabricated. The holder is connected to the floating frame by means of two threaded rods that allow for height adjustment by screwing in appropriate guides. Two K-type thermocouples were used, one to measure the temperature of the nitrogen vapor at the height of the support and the other to measure the temperature of the semen inside the straw. In this way, different freezing protocols can be compared. By managing the freezing rate, the sperm freezing procedure, which is specific to animal species, could be standardized and thus variability in results could be minimized. In addition, improved cryosurvival and post-freezing sperm fertilization rates are expected.


One form of learning community involves students taking a shared academic course while living together. At Elon University between 2011 and 2015, in a partnership between academic and student life portions of the university, this form of learning community was scaled up to include more than half of first-year students in the fall semester. Each cohort of students lived in a residential neighborhood together and took one of two required four-credit general education courses, COR 110 (an interdisciplinary seminar) or ENG 110 (a writing course). Lessons learned across the five years include the importance of building with faculty guidance, linking to neighborhoods (not halls), integrating faculty development (and not adding it, whenever possible), being attentive to building design and management, rewarding faculty and staff leadership, and assessing and experimenting rigorously.


As part of her series of articles on creative jobs, Lynne Garner explores different types of jobs and roles involving a strong element of writing, such as author, poet, journalist and songwriter, for example.


As the improvement of living standards, People's demand of financial services and information has also increased. However, the lack and uneven distribution of bank outlets make it still inconvenient. To satisfy their needs, many banks are providing the information and services on their Weibo platforms. Based on the current state bias theory and rational choice theory, this paper introduces privacy-related factors and establishes a structural equation model. In order to verify the theoretical model, a questionnaire survey method was used to generate receipt data, and a total of 398 valid samples were collected. The results of model verification show that perception benefit and perceived risk based on the current state bias theory affect the adoption of financial services on commercial banks' microblogging platforms. The privacy protection belief can be used as an uncertainty cost to introduce the current status deviation theory. The adjustment experience of the Internet experience is quite obvious. This study focuses on the factors that hinder the commercial bank microblogging financial promotion and has certain theoretical and practical significance.


Polystyrene-coated gold nanoparticles (molecular weight (Mn) of PS ∼1300 g/mol, average particle diameter d (core + shell) ∼ 9.2 ± 2.2 nm, corresponding to a high areal chain density of PS) are incorporated into symmetric poly(styrene-b-2 vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers with total Mn ∼ 60 000−380 000 g/mol at volume fractions of 0.07−0.32. For all Mn of diblock copolymers and particle filling fractions examined, particles are centralized in the PS domains with Gaussian distribution profiles. The distribution width generally decreases as the PS domain size decreases or as the particle weight fraction increases. These observations are discussed in terms of the relative entropic contributions of the polymer chains and particles.


A method is presented for geometrically nonlinear analysis of 2D frames. An updated Lagrangian (UL) formulation is used to calculate the incremental nodal displacements, and incremental nodal forces are recovered by a corotational formulation whose configuration (Cr) is derived from a rigid-body motion of the last calculated configuration (C1) in equilibrium. Firstly, the equation of virtual work is expressed in terms of incremental nodal natural deformations in Cr; then, the relations are deduced between the incremental nodal natural deformations in Cr and the incremental nodal displacement vector in C1. Adopting the relations in the equation of virtual work, the tangent stiffness matrix for incremental nodal forces is obtained for Cr, and it can pass a rigid-body test. The analysis has considered the loaded deformations which will result in an additional matrix in the tangent stiffness matrix. The numerical examples show that: with fewer elements, the presented method can achieve similar precision to UL formulation;the matrix with respect to the loaded deformation can effectively improve the efficiency, but it may result in membrane locking if the deformation is large.


The people of the Congo have just pronounced by referendum in favor of a constitution creating the Third Republic and therefore on the unitary nature of the state. Just as in the past, to prevent disorder in the country, politicians have resorted to judicial subterfuges in order to induce an agreement between proponents of federalism and unitarianism. If the unitary option was accepted, it is because of fears of partition for the country, given persisting secessionist tendencies. Yet management-related as well as and rational motivations in addition to sociocultural, historical, and political factors plead for federalism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


The central theme of The Quiet American harks back to Greene's dictum about Henry James, for it deals with a man who is too innocent to live in a world built on "black and merciless things." Innocence in this sence is to be equated with the Greene conceptions of pity and responsibility and love, all, in theory, ways of communicating with other people to mutual advantage. All have the deceptive ring of virtue about them, which Greene has set about demolishing.


Purpose
This paper attempts to evaluate the current collaborative model of disaster management initiated by the Indonesian Government at the regional level. The paper aims at providing recommendations for a more functional model of local communities' resilience by promoting the synergy of roles among the community, industry and local government.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the study objective, the authors conducted the qualitative approach. The study used The Hyogo Framework to Action (HFA) 2000–2015 disaster management approach. The HFA approach contains substances of disaster management guidelines on social, economic and environmental aspects, as well as the strategies for implementing the guidelines.

Findings
The study's findings have indicated that substandard institutions can hamper collaborative processes and lower the level of community resilience. A collaborative model can appropriately operate when the formal institution plays its role as the central coordinator and ensures that transparency, decision-making and representation are met. Furthermore, the community and formal educational institutions are essentials as the foundation of building community resilience.

Practical implications
This study was limited to a case study in an Indonesian popular tourist destination. Hence, it could be extended by conducting comparative studies with other destinations in developing countries to explore their disaster management and the government involvement in each respective countries.

Social implications
This study was limited to a case study in an Indonesian popular tourist destination. Hence, it could be extended by conducting comparative studies with other destinations in developing countries to explore their disaster management and government involvement in each respective country.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach to improve the current disaster management model. The proposed approach focuses on designing an institutional model for tourism destinations' disaster management, where the stakeholders are less-functional in working collaboratively. The study findings suggest that educational institutions and disaster communities must take the mediator role in bridging knowledge transfer among the government, the community and the tourism industry.


Glutathione (GSH), a sulfhydryl-containing tripeptide present in most organisms at millimolar levels, plays a crucial role in redox homeostasis.1 Reactive cysteine residues are vulnerable to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species and thus depend heavily on GSH to avoid irreversible oxidation.[1a], [2] Reversible conjugation of GSH to proteins through the formation of mixed disulfide bonds is termed protein glutathionylation (PSSG), which additionally alters or regulates protein functions in biological processes, including energy metabolism, signal transduction, ion transport, cytoskeletal assembly, and protein folding.[2a] Although various possible mechanisms have been proposed for PSSG,[1a] the delineation of its functional consequences in vivo remains a longstanding challenge owing to lack of appropriate tools to globally identify this important modification with high sensitivity.[3]


The La2-xSrxCuO4 materials with x=0 and x=0.07 were prepared by sol-gel method. These materials are the family of cuprate superconductor. These samples were heated three times by drying at 120°C for 2 hours, calcining at 500°C for 5 hours, and sintering at 700°C for 15 hours. The powder sample was pressed and compacted to be a bulk samples. These materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to study the structure of materials and Scanning Electron Microscopy – Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to study morphology and confirm the composition of materials. The results of XRD and High-Score application showed that the structure of both samples is orthorhombic (Cmca/64 space group). The substitution of Sr2+ ion with x = 0.07 to the La site did not change the crystal structure of material but it showed the variation of lattice parameter and unit cell volume. The variation indicated a decreasing of unit cell volume by substituting Sr2+ ion to La site. SEM-EDS characterization showed that both samples have homogeneity and confirmed that Sr2+ ion has successfully substituted to La site for La1.93Sr0.07CuO4 material. It also revealed that composition of both samples is similar to the stoichiometry calculation.


This paper relates the discourse relating to linguistic imperialism and sign languages in Africa. The argument advances the point of view that a majority of African indigenous languages are marginalised by the former colonial languages that have been adopted as official languages in most post-independence African nations. In this dialectic, the position of sign languages in Africa is even more precarious than those of African indigenous languages, because sign languages are even further marginalised by African indigenous languages. Based on an experiential account by the author that spans more than 27 years of active involvement in Deaf education in Africa, this paper presents a critique of the state of sign languages in Africa through a detailed literature review of the discourse of linguistic imperialism and a critical appraisal of the state of sign language(s) in South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Namibia. The paper points out the dilemma attendant to the development of sign languages in Africa because they are victims of double linguistic imperialism – from the dominant former colonial languages which have been adopted as official languages in many African countries, and from African indigenous languages. Key Terms: Linguistic imperialism, Sign languages in Africa, African indigenous languages, Former colonial languages, Deaf education in Africa.


Abstract In this paper, a fabric with frequency selective surface (FSS) characteristics was developed for shielding of GSM-1800 frequency band global system for mobile communications (GSM). For modeling, two types of patch FSS models were developed through numerically solving the Maxwell's equations using the Finite Integral Technique (FIT) method. In experiments an FSS fabric was developed by the embroidery method and a setup was prepared for evaluation of the shielding properties of the FSS fabric. Comparison of the results in 1805–1880 MHz frequency band showed a good agreement between resonance frequency responses of the model II and embroidery FSS fabric. The resonant frequency of the fabric was found to be less than that of the model I. However, the transmission and reflection coefficients of models I, II were same to each other. Results showed that in different incident angles, the frequency responses of the models I and II were not the same. However, the FSS fabric and model II were insensitive to such variations at 1805 MHz. Based on the numerical solution and the experimental results, this type of low-loss FSS fabric structure showed desired electromagnetic wave blocking properties in the desired bandwidth of 1805–1880 MHz.


 Students: 1) spent time on reflection of sacred vocations, self-care & how nurses can better care for themselves. 2) vowed to embrace nursing as a vocation & apply the dimensions to their practice. 3) formulated their philosophy of nursing based on the SON vision & reflections from the SVP. Students reported experiencing a significant change in their perception of nursing. They also vowed to embrace nursing as a vocation & apply the dimensions to their practice. Some comments from students included the following:


This review on Jewel in the Palace - a Korean soap opera dubbed in Filipino and which aired on TV network GMA-7 - takes a feminist analysis of the character of Jang Geum who changed the course of Korean womanhood. As a symbol of gender emancipation, she violated the norms of social hierarchy that opened the doors for women in the "world-of-men". doi:10.3860/feucj.v2i0.495


Acquisition of exact information of three-dimensional knee joint movement is desired in plastic surgery. Conventional X-ray fluoroscopy provides dynamic but just two-dimensional projected image. On the other hand, three-dimensional CT provides three-dimensional but just static image. In this paper, a method for acquiring three-dimensional knee joint movement using both bi-plane, dynamic X-ray fluoroscopy and static three-dimensional CT is proposed. Basic idea is use of 2D/3D registration using digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) or virtual projection of CT data. Original ideal is not new but the application of bi-plane fluoroscopy to natural bones of knee is reported for the first time. The technique was applied to two volunteers and successful results were obtained. Accuracy evaluation through computer simulation and phantom experiment with a knee joint of a pig were also conducted.


Abstract The role of an S-adenosylmethionine:Δ24-sterol methyltransferase (hereafter referred to as methyltransferase) in ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (ergosterol) biosynthesis in yeast has been investigated. Sterol substrate specificity studies indicate that 5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (zymosterol) is the best methyl group acceptor in the methyltransferase assay. 4-Methyl sterols are very poor substrates; sterols with a fully reduced side chain (i.e. no double bond at C-24) are not methylated. A corresponding 3-ketosteroid, 5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one, was methylated at a slower rate; similarly, sterols with nuclear double bonds in positions 5 or 5 and 7 were poorer substrates than zymosterol. Inhibition studies indicate that sterols with a saturated isooctyl side chain are competitive inhibitors of zymosterol in the methyltransferase reaction. Sterols that possess an alkylated side chain markedly altered the rate of methyltransfer; at low concentrations of substrate, addition of 24-alkyl-substituted sterols stimulated the methyltransferase, whereas at higher concentrations of substrate the 24-alkyl sterols were inhibitory. Conclusions regarding the sequences of nuclear and side chain reactions in ergosterol biosynthesis and the control of the methyltransferase activity are outlined.


The present research investigates the contribution of environmental innovation to firms' competitive advantage through the case of medium and large-sized firms operating in Greece. Due to the growing trend of environmental innovation in Greece and a consequent increase in the research interest, this paper fills the existing gap in the relevant literature as there is not enough evidence concerning Greek firms' environmental innovation practices. To meet the research goal, a questionnaire was distributed to 892 medium and large-sized firms operating in Greece; 225 questionnaires were finally responded. The data is based on firms' self-assessment concerning environmental innovation and competitive advantage and are analyzed using both descriptive and inductive statistics, including principal components analysis and multiple linear regression. The research results show that the examined firms implement environmental innovation practices at a moderate level. The most common practices of environmental innovation are the implementation of ISO 14001 management systems and the toxic substances usage reduction. The percentage of ISO 14001 implementation is increased compared to the previous years. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that the components concerning environmental process innovation and environmental product innovation have a positive impact on the examined firms' competitive capability. The relationship between open innovation and environmental innovation and the contribution of open innovation dynamics are discussed as well.


Nanocrystalline Fe3O4 particles of controlled size were synthesized by a facile chemical co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the synthesis of single crystalline phase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with lattice parameter 8.4090 Å. The average particle size of as-synthesized sample is 11.5 nm. A TEM analysis show that the sample contains well dispersed nanoparticles of almost spherical in shape with average particle size is of the order of 10-20 nm. The magnetic measurements show superparamagnetic nature of the sample. The saturation magnetization is 63emu/g. The rheological study of oleic acid coated Fe3O4 ferrofluid show magneto-viscous effect. In the absence of the magnetic field, the ferrofluids behave essentially as a Newtonian fluid having a rate-insensitive viscosity whereas increase in the magnetic field leads to strong changes in the viscosity. This can be attributed to the formation of chain-like clusters due to strong inter-particle interaction in the presence of a magnetic field.


Major problems facing modern society include the provision of energy and means for waste disposal with the minimum generation of pollution and secondary wastes. Sustainable cities require the recovery of energy from that fraction of waste that cannot be economically reused or recycled. With up to 28 million tonnes of municipal solid waste having an average energy value of 10,000 kJ kg-1 being generated in the UK annually, incineration of with energy recovery is seen as the best available option for the safe disposal of municipal waste. Current efficient waste management strategies are also aimed at reducing the amount of waste from municipal solid waste incinerator plants by processing ash from new plants to approach the target of zero net waste material output and reducing the pollutants in flue gases by end-of-pipe treatment. Although pollutants in flue gases can be reduced to practically any desired level, the economic and environmental costs should be justified. Our research activities at Sheffield University Waste Incineration Centre are focussed on cutting down the amount of waste produced by these plants in the form of ash, slag and air pollutants. Our aim is to develop efficient yet cost-effective waste, energy and pollution management strategies to assist the incineration industries to control and operate future energy plants in the most efficient way possible.


The principle of sympathetic interaction is analyzed firstly, which indicates that the bias flux is the primary factor in the produce process of sympathetic inrush. Then based on the simulation and combined with the characteristics of sympathetic interaction, we make a systematic study on the infection to the differential protection, back-up protection and other relative protection in the parallel connection and the series connection. The analysis shows that the saturation of current transformer caused by sympathetic inrush would bring some difficult in identifying the inrush in series connection; Moreover, it has great effect on the zero-sequence over-current protection of transformer and the back-up protection of the element in high level, such as over-current protection. The unit to identify inrush base on the harmonic restraint should be added to the protection.


Stimulated by the idea of PRISM, a very high intensity muon ring with rather low energy, we consider possibilities of observing CP-violation effects in neutrino oscillation experiments. Destructive sum of matter effect and CP-violation effect can be avoided with use of initial $\nu_{\rm e}$ beam. We finally show that the experiment with (a few) $\times$ 100 MeV of neutrino energy and (a few) $\times$ 100 km of baseline length, which is considered in this paper, is particularly suitable for a search of CP violation in view of 3-generation nature of CP violation.


Levopropoxyphen napsylate was synthesized from Propiophenone via Mannich reaction, resolution, Grignard reaction, propionylation and salt formation with β-naphthalenesulfonic acid in an overall yield of 39.6%.


Spontaneous contractions of the longitudinal musculature from the strobilae of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta were measured by means of a force transducer. The addition of cholinergic agonists and antagonists to the bathing medium did not affect intact worms but strips of worm tissue were sensitive to these drugs. Acetylcholine and cholinergic agonists inhibited muscle contraction while cholinergic antagonists stimulated contraction. Both nicotine and muscarine were effective in suppressing muscle contraction and the receptor probably has mixed nicotinic and muscaric properties. Biochemical assays revealed the presence of choline and acetylcholine, and activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in worm tissues.


The article contains the material on the theory of text, cognitive linguistics and the communicative theory of text. The author analyses in detail the linguistic means of expression of the time category and comes to the conclusion that the time category in J. Rowling"s works is a dynamic phenomenon being formed and functioning in the process of fiction communication. The category of time is the major part of the writer"s mental space, and the analysis of the linguistic means of its expression makes it possible to penetrate more deeply into the writer"s conceptual system, to understand her individual picture of the world, thus to understand the conceptual organisation of texts.


The experiments were carried out to produce PHB (Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate) in activated sludge. The production of PHB under nitrogen limited condition was confirmed and CH3COONa was better than glucose as carbon source for production of PHB. Content of PHB was stabilized to its maximum stage around 250 hours by continuous process and it was achieved to 12% of dried sludge weight basis. PHB was slowly accumulated and consumption than carbohydrate in batch process.


Intestinal nutrient transporters may mediate the uptake of drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sertraline interacts with the intestinal proton‐coupled amino acid transporter 1 PAT1 (SLC36A1).


Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction and damage caused by an aberrant host immune response to systemic infection. Due to the abundant production of different classes of inflammatory mediators, investigating the role of endogenous proteins that influence multiple signaling pathways might provide important clues in understanding sepsis pathogenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a protein/lipid phosphatase, tumor suppressor, and a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC pathway. PTEN inhibits FcR-mediated phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and the expression and actions of the Toll-IL1R (TIR) adaptor MyD88. Whether PTEN influences the outcome of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection remains to be determined. Given the pleiotropic effects of this phosphatase on both antimicrobial response and TLR activation, we hypothesize that PTEN is a key signaling intermediate that perturbs cellular function and increases organ damage in sepsis. Our data showed that MRSA infection increased PTEN expression in the murine kidney and PTEN deletion in myeloid cells (PTEN Δmyel) decreases MRSA loads and kidney abscess area compared to PTEN fl/flmice. PTEN Δmyelleads to increased neutrophil but not monocyte/macrophage migration to the kidney. Furthermore, infected PTEN Δmyelshow reduced IL-1β and TNF-α in the kidney. In vitro data demonstrate that PTEN −/−macrophages have increased phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production. These data indicate that during MRSA-induced sepsis, PTEN expression in myeloid cells increases the inflammatory response while decreasing antimicrobial effector functions in the kidney.
 NIH R01 HL124159-09 NIH T32AI138932-03


Educational Institutions have an essential role in promoting the teaching and learning process, within universities, colleges, and communities. Due to the recent coronavirus COVID 19 pandemic, many educational institutions adopted hybrid learning (HL), which is a combination of classic and online learning. It integrates the advantages of both, and it is a fundamental factor to ensure continued learning. Technological innovations such as HL are changing the teaching process, and how students, lecturers, and administrators interact. Based on this, the Community College of Qatar (CCQ) focused on researching the structures and elements related to the adoption of HL. Thus, the goal of this research paper is to reveal the impact of HL on the learning process in CCQ, and the effective didactic tools required for a successful HL program. Our research questions for assessing and evaluating the learning process at CCQ are as follows: a) Is HL a suitable learning strategy that would best suit the students ?; b) What are the didactic tools needed in the HL program at CCQ ?; c) Will the students meet the learning objectives if HL program is adopted?. A quantitative method was used in this study. Furthermore, a questionnaire was designed for the survey which was designed to measure the opinions of the students, instructors, and administrators about the HL program. It is observed from the results that the majority of students, instructors, and administrators showed a positive attitude toward HL, but some had negative views and experienced challenges. The results were analyzed and discussed to better utilize HL to meet the growing demands of the community.


The friction and wear characteristics and wear mechanisms of several commercial dental composites were investigated. Thus the friction and wear behaviors of the composite specimens made from commercial dental composites Compoglass, F2000, Elan, and Dyract-AP sliding against Si_3N_4 under unlubricated condition in a ball-on-disc configuration were evaluated using a ball-on-disc friction and wear tester. The microstructures and worn surface morphologies of the composite specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The contents of glass bead fillers in the composite specimens were determined in an attempt to analyze the effect of the fillers on the friction and wear behavior. It was found that the F2000 had a quite high friction coefficient, while the composites Compoglass and Dyract-AP showed better wear resistance than F2000 and Elan under the same experimental conditions. The four kinds of dental composites were dominated by crack propagation and brittle fatigue of glass fillers.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to detect the impact of mandibular implant retained overdenture on electromyographic activity of submental muscles during swallowing in edentulous subjects. Materials and methods: Fifteen completely edentulous subjects with problematic lower complete dentures were participated in this study. All subjects received a newly carefully constructed complete dentures and then the lower dentures were changed into mandibular implant retained overdentures by placing two implants on the mandibular canine regions and using ball attachments to retain the overdentures. All the subjects were submitted to surface electromyographic evaluation for the submental muscles without dentures, with complete dentures and with mandibular implant overdenture during swallowing of 10ml of water. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in swallowing duration and electromyographic amplitude of submental muscles after complete dentures insertion and also after insertion of mandibular implant overdenture. Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in both swallowing duration and electromyographic amplitude of submental muscles for mandibular implant overdenture when compared to complete dentures. Percentage Overlapping Coefficient showed a non-significant differences between different oral conditions. Conclusion: Rehabilitation of completely edentulous patient with mandibular implant retained overdenture revealed a reduction in swallowing duration and reduction in electromyographic amplitude of the submental muscles during swallowing.


Three facts characterise the hailstorm of 30 August 2022 in the Catalan village of La Bisbal d'Empordà and its surroundings: first, the most dramatic, the death of a child hit by a hailstone; second, the damage to most of the roofs and cars in the town; finally, the highest recorded amount of hail (more than 10 cm) in Catalonia in at least the last 30 years. This research focuses on the radar field comparison and the observations provided by an electronic survey of the study area. The results reveal that weather radar underestimated the hail size because of different factors. Conversely, some reporters provided an inaccurate hour. The difference of three months between the hail event and the electronic survey is the probable cause of this mistake in the time estimation. However, the survey delay helped to avoid answers with larger hail sizes than those provided by the official spotters.


Quantum dot cellular automaton (QCA) are dominant nanotechnology which has been used extensively in digital circuits and systems. It is a promising alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology with many enticing features such as high-speed, low power consumption and higher switching frequency than transistor based technology. The code converters are the basic unit for transformation of data to execute arithmetic processes. In this paper, QCA based 2-bit binary-to- gray; 3-bit binary-to-gray and 4-bit binary-to-gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed design reduces the number of cells, area and raises switching speed. The simulations are completed using QCADesigner and Microwindlite tool which is widely used for simulation and verification.


The understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their association with food and physical activity is not yet completely clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CVD risk factors with dietary intake, according to the physical activity level. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Brazilian individuals attended by the Public Health System. Demographic, blood pressure, physical activity practice, anthropometry and food intake data were collected and evaluated. Of the 83 participants, 61.4% were active. No diff erence were observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors, anthropometric data, blood pressure, estimated energy requirement, energy and nutrient intake between the active and inactive subjects (p ≥ .05). There was also no diff erence in the frequency of energy and nutrient intake adequacy between groups (p ≥ .05). Among the inactive subjects, it was found that the consumption of total (OR: 1.021, p = .035) and saturated (OR: 1.060, p = .033) fat was predictor of being overweight, with no relationship between food intake and the risk factors for CVD when the total participants or active individuals were considered (p ≥ .05). No diff erence was observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors between active and inactive individuals, however, total and saturated fat consumption increased the chance of being overweight among the inactive individuals.


Situational awareness platforms support the continuous observation of interest situations. In the eHealth context, SA can improve health services by assessing and interpreting patients' current situations. For instance, it allows the healthcare providers to recognize changes and abnormalities in the patient's condition and take the necessary actions. However, SA platforms still suffer from centralized management issues, such as availability, security, and privacy. This paper presents a blockchain-based approach for SA data processing to overcome these issues. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed technology that also brings the advantage of flexible data custody. We evaluate our system through a case study and discuss the benefits and challenges of adopting Blockchain as a solution for eHealth.


This paper aims to discuss, from the questioning presented by Yochai Benkler, the virtues of the intellectual property rights framework in light of the transformations introduced by the information technology revolution. It examines the impact of the emerging free culture on the dogmatic fundamentals of the legal order. In this particular, the concept of subjective right and of software license agreement are faced with the informatic challenge, aiming at determine the ability of these traditional legal institutions to provide an enough and adequate institutional space for the development of the information society.


Cocoa is one of the primary commodities in Meureudu and Trienggadeng Sub-districts, Pidie Jaya Regency. Many cocoa farmers in the sub-districts still need to understand the process and benefits of fermenting cocoa beans. Bean fermentation is essential because it can increase biochemical changes and the concentration of flavour precursors in cocoa beans so that it has a high selling value. This community service activity was implemented using counselling methods, demonstrations, and the submission of fermenters. It was held for two days assisting and attended by 59 of 70 farmers from two groups. Results showed the participants' positive response to the partaking activities and their interest in fermenting cocoa. Through the activities that have been carried out, cocoa farmers understand and can maintain a good cocoa bean fermentation process. Assistance to farmer groups must be continuously conducted so that cocoa farmers remain consistent in fermenting cocoa beans to produce better quality cocoa.


Storing and recovering water, carbon, and heat from geologic reservoirs is central to managing resources in a changing climate. We tested the hypothesis that the strain tensor caused by injecting or producing fluids can be measured at shallow depths and interpreted to advance understanding of underlying deep aquifers or reservoirs. Geodetic‐grade strainmeters were deployed at 30 m depth overlying the Bartlesville Formation, a 500‐m‐deep sandstone near Tulsa, OK. The strainmeters are 220 m east of injection well 9A completed in a permeable lens at the base of the Bartlesville Formation. Water was injected into well 9A at approximately 1.0 L/s during four tests that ranged in duration from a few hours to a few weeks. The horizontal strain increased (tension) and the circumferential strain was a few times larger than the radial strain. The vertical strain decreased (compression) during injection. Strain rates were approximately 100 nε/day during the first few hours, but the rates decreased and were approximately 10 nε/day during most of the tests. Four independent methods of poroelastic simulation and inversion predict reservoir properties and geometries that are similar to each other and consistent with independent information about the reservoir. All strain interpretations predict that a boundary to the permeable lens occurs beneath the vicinity of the strainmeters, which is consistent with core data from the site. The boundary of the permeable lens is located by matching the vertical, radial and circumferential strains, which demonstrates the value of measuring the strain tensor.


ABSTRACT Language development in early childhood education and care (ECEC) has received increased policy attention in the past 20 years. Yet, few empirical studies have explored language assessment from the standpoint of ECEC teachers. Transnational organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), have increased their influence over national ECEC curriculums, stressing early intervention/readiness-for-school approaches to assist vulnerable groups in society. In contrast, the Nordic social pedagogy field perceives early intervention policies a threat to child-centered, playful approaches to learning. Based on interviews with 11 Danish and 11 Norwegian ECEC teachers in Copenhagen and Oslo municipalities, three main forms of ambivalence are identified: (1) ambivalence toward the 'ready-for-school' discourse, (2) ambivalence toward professional autonomy and discretion, and (3) ambivalence toward integration policy and the ideological code of 'the standard child.' The study recommends a more inclusive understanding of the implications of 'adequate language proficiency' and 'school readiness.'


Five non-sulfated triterpene glycosides, synallactosides A(1) (1), A(2) (2), B(1) (3), B(2) (4), and C (5), have been isolated from the sea cucumber Synallactes nozawai. Their structures have been deduced by extensive analysis of NMR and mass spectra. The glycosides 2-5 are new glycosides. Glycosides 2-4 have carbohydrate chains without precedent in the glycosides from sea cucumbers. This is the first time glycosides are found in members of the family Synallactidae.


We prove that the permanent per(A,lln) of a random η χ m matrix A"", with elements from GF(/?) and independent rows has the limit distribution of the form pk = lim P{per(A/m) = k} = pm8k0 + (1 pm)/p, k = 0,1,2,...,/? 1, /I—>oo where &o is Kronecker's symbol. This distribution for each m coincides with the probability distribution of some function of independent random variables uniformly distributed on GF(/?). This work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, Grant 93-011-1443. 1. PROBLEM FORMULATION The permanent of a matrix Anm = \\Ojj\\ with n rows and m columns, n > ra, is defined as per(A,im) = Σ «^α/^.,.α^, (1) where the summation is over all sets ( / Ί , / 2 > ·· ·»*/*) of pairwise different indices. We assume that a/,, / = 1, . . . ,r t ,y = 1,..., w, belong to the field GF(p). Then the permanent takes the values 0, 1,2,... ,/? — 1. Considering the matrix Anm to be random, we find the limiting values of the probabilities P\per(Anm) = '£), λ = Ό, 1,7,...,ρ — Ί, as Λ tends to infinity and m is fixed. First we introduce the definitions and notations which will be used in what follows. The signs + and £], as a rule, stand for sums modulo p (i.e., sums over the field GF(p)). From the context it will be clear whether a sum is treated in the usual sense. Let \B\ denote the cardinality of a finite set B. In Lemma 1 we give an auxiliary result on the number of connected graphs. In the main Theorem 1, per(Anm) is expressed in terms of some functions of the sums £^=1 α//,Σ"=ι //ι</2» · · · > Σ/Li ϋι iji -"ijp' Lemma 2 clears up the asymptotic behaviour of an auxiliary Markov chain. Theorem 2, which is valid under rather general hypotheses, asserts that the probabilities pmk = lim P{per(Anm) = *}, * = 0,1,2,...,/? 1, rt-»oo are determined by the distribution of some functions of independent random variables Zji'Sj i'Sjij ' •••»&7W,' l -^ <h < '·Jp > uniformly distributed over GF(p). *UDC 519.2. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (1996) 8, No. 2 (in Russian). Translated by A. V. Kolchin. 108 LA. Lyapkov and B. A. Sevastyanov 2. A LEMMA ON CONNECTED GRAPHS Let M denote the set of vertices of a graph Γ(Μ) and Mk = { 1 , 2, ...,/:}. Let G(M) denote the set of all connected graphs without loops and multiple edges with labelled vertices from the set M. Let g(M) = |G(M)| be the number of such graphs; let, in particular, gk = g(Mk). Let G0(M) (GjiM)) be the set of all connected graphs from G(M) with even (odd) number of edges; let, in particular, Gki = G/(M*)· The cardinalities of these sets are gi(M) = |G,-(M)|, gki = \Gu\-9 we put Δ#(Μ) = go(M) gi(M), Δ& = g«, fol. Lemma 1. For α/ry k > 2 ΔΛ = (!)*-'(* -1)!. (2) Proof. We prove the lemma by induction. For k = 2 there exists a sole connected graph, and equality (2) is satisfied. We assume that equality (2) is true for all / < k and prove its validity for k + 1 . We divide the proof into three stages. (a) Let G'k+l 0 (G'k+l ,) be the set of all connected graphs T(Mk+\) with even (odd) number of edges whose subgraphs Γ(ΜΛ) are connected as well, and denote g'M t = \G'k+l ,|. The equality , (3) is valid. Indeed, = gk\ — £*ο· (b) Let M' and M" form a partition of the set M*, i.e., Mk = M' u M", M n M" = 0. Let G"(Mk+\ | Μ',Μ") denote the set of all graphs Γ(Μ*+|) with the vertices Mk+] such that none of the pairs of vertices a e M',b e M" are joined by an edge and the subgraphs Γ(Μ' u {* + 1}) and Γ are connected. Let g%(MM \ Μ',Μ") (g"(MM \ Μ',Μ")) be the number of the graphs in the set G"(Mk+} \ Μ', Μ") with even (odd) number of edges, and let &g"(Mk+l \ Μ',Μ") = g%(MM \ Μ',Μ') g'{(MM \ Μ',Μ"). Then | M', M") = Ag(Af ' u {* + l }^g(M" u {Λ + 1 }). (4) Equality (4) follows from the obvious relation u {*+ \})go(M" u {*+ 1}) + gi(W u {*+ l})gi(Af u {Λ+ 1}) and the analogous relation for g"(Mk+\ \ M', M). The limit distribution of the permanent \ 09 (c) In each graph Γ(Λ/Α+1) from G(MM), we choose vertices 1 and k + 1 . Let M' denote that component of the subgraph resulting from the graph r(Mk+\) after deleting the vertex k + 1 together with all adjacent edges which contains 1. Let \M'\ = /, M" = M \ Mk, |M" | = / ; — /. Taking stages (a) and (b) of the proof and the induction assumption into account, from equality (4) we derive /', M") = Δ#(Μ' u [k + l })Δ#(Μ" u {* + l } = -A£(M')Ag(M" u {k + 1}) = -(-ly-k/D! (-!)*"''(* -0!, Hence we obtain k-l 0! Z The lemma is thus proved. 3. THE MAIN THEOREM Let J = {/Ί,.. .J/} beasubsetofMm = {l,2,...,m}. Wedenote sometimes we will write ξ({;ι, ·.,;/}, η) = ξ({/,, ... j,}) = §"...;,(*) = §, ..... /r (5) We denote by A: = (Jf,, AT2, ...,^r) a partition of the set Mm = {l,2,...,m}, let*/ = |AT/|, / = 1, ..., r, and let ,̂ = {Κ} stand for the set of those partitions of Mm where lcf < p, / = ! , . ..,r. Theorem 1. //"ift^ elements of the permanent of a matrix Anm = ||α/,|| belong to the field GF(p), per(AnJ = ^)ξ(ΑΓ,)ξ(Λ:2)...ξ(Λ:Γ), (6) where Κ = (K\ , Κ2 , . . . , Kr ) are all possible partitions of the setMm,k{| AT/ 1 , / = 1 , . . . , r, c(K) = (-l)-(/:i 1)! (*2 l)!..-(*r ~ 1)!· Proof. We put 110 LA. Lyapkov and B. A. Sevastyanov Equality (1) can be rewritten as n n n per(A"m) = Σ Σ · · · Σ " ι^ · · ·<> / ι = 1 /2=1 '/«=! Removing the brackets in (7), we obtain 2(2) sums, i.e., exactly as many as the number of the graphs with m labelled vertices. We denote the sum of the form n -1)ο&,ιθί22...α/^ (8) by ξ (Γ, Λ), where Γ is the graph with the vertex set Afw, where the vertices k{ and /,, / = 1,..., r, are joined by an edge. If the graph Γ consists of the connected components r1,r2,...,rv,then », (9) /=! where ν(Γ,) is the set of vertices of the component Γ,, d(Tt) is the number of edges of the graph Γ,, ξ(ν(Γ/), η) are defined by formula (5). Indeed, if (k\,l\),..., (kq, lq) are all edges of the component Γ,, then if and only if ikl = //, , 42 = //2, ..., ik(i = i/^, and since the graph Γ, is connected, hence it follows that all indices /*., i^j = 1, ...,^, are equal to each other. Therefore that part of sum (8) which corresponds to the graph Γ, can be written out separately and is *. (10) •rJ, <vcy<r.)y In particular, for ν(Γ) = {/} and ν(Γ) = {ij} we obtain, respectively, ξ(ν(Γ;),η) = ξ,(η) and ξ(ν(Γι),η) = ξ/,(η). Hence (9) follows. From the equality (11) where the summation is over all graphs with the set of vertices Mm, we separate a subsum as follows. We partition the set Mm into J and Mm \ 7, and denote by H^Y} the set of all those graphs Γ which consist of a connected component Y\ with vertices ν(Γι ) = J and a fixed subgraph Γ' with vertices ν(Γ') = Mm \ J. For any Γ e Hm(Y') Consider the part of sum (11) ξ(Γ,,η), The limit distribution of the permanent 1 1 1 where G(J) is the set of connected graphs with the vertices J. By virtue of (10), Hence it follows that per(A"m) turns out to be a sum of form (6) where the summation is over all partitions K of the set Mm. But since per(/\nm) is calculated over the field GF(/?), all partitions with k{ > p give the coefficients (— I)*"" (A:,· — 1)! = 0 (mod /?), and therefore the summation in (6) is taken over the partitions K e ^ only. The theorem is thus proved. Remark 1. The formula obtained has no dependence on the randomness of the matrix Anm and allows us to compute per(A"m) over GF(/?). In particular, for p = 3 per(A"2) = ξ\(η)ξ2(η) ξ\2(η), per(A"3) = ξι(η)ξ2(η)&(η) ξι(η)ξκ(η) ξ2(η)ξ13(η) ^(η)ξη(η) + 2ξ,23(η). Remark 2. Theorem I is valid in the case of the residue class ring modulo m. Then some addends in (6) become equal to zero. For example, if m = 6, then sum (6) consists of those addends which have the random variables ξ/(η), ξ//(/ι), ξ/,*(η) only, since the addends containing ^1/2..."(n) with / > 3 have the coefficients (/ — 1)! = 0 (mod 6). 4. AN ERGODICITY LEMMA We begin with describing the class of random matrices Anm for which a limit theorem will be obtained. Let R be an m-dimensional vector space; vectors χ = (x\,x2, ...,*m) e R have components A-, e GF(/?). We define the mapping S: R — > R, where sm = EL, (";), putting Sx = (X\, ...,Xm,X\X2,X]Xi, >..,X\Xm,X2X2>X2X4> -·>Χηι-\Χηι> X\X23> ·· ·,·^1^2· · -m)· Below we consider the class of those random matrices Anm whose rows α, = (α/ι , . . ., a/m) are independent and identically distributed. For any a e R let q(a) = Ρ{ά/ = a}. It is easily seen that the distribution q(-) induces the distribution <?*(·) on R": if a e R" and a = S , where a' e R, then q*(a) = P{5a, = a] = Ρ{ά, = a} = q(cl). (12) Otherwise q*(a) = 0. We put Ά = {α e /?" : #*(a) > 0} and denote by L(^l) the linear hull of Λ in /P". Lemma 2. 7η α random matrix Anm, let the rows α/ = (α/ι, ..., aim) fee independent and identically distributed. The vector ξ(η) e R with the components ξ,(η), ξ//(/ζ), ), ..., ζ\2...ηι(η) defined by (5) converges in distribution to the vector 112 LA. Lyapkov and B. A. Sevastyanov with independent and uniformly distributed on GF(/?) components if and only if the following two conditions hold: (1) L(*) = /F"; (2) there exists k ^ 0 (mod p) such that £*=1 α(ι) = e R9 where a(i) Ε Ά, 1=1,...,*. From (5) it follows that where S r are independent and identically distributed by the law q*(a) = P{Sar = a}, determined by formula (12) by means of the distribution q(-). The sequence ξ(η) forms a Markov chain with/?" states which are all elements from R. The transition probability p(a, b) of the Markov chain ξ(η) is given by the equality p(a,b) = Ρ{ξ(η + 1) = ί | |(n) = 3} = <?*(£ a), a'b e R*">. (13) Since the transition matrix ||p(a,6)|| is doubly stochastic. If we prove that the Markov chain ξ(η) is ergodic, then its limit distribution will be uniform, i.e., for all a e R Hence the assertion of the lemma will follow. Let us prove the ergodicity of the chain. From (13) it follows that the f-step transition probability p( , b) is positive if and only if there exist vectors a(k) e R'\ k= 1, ... ,f, such thatp*(5(/:)) > 0, i.e., (k) e Ά, and (14) Therefore for any a, b e R'" there is t such that p\a, b) > 0 if and on


Abstract. The forest inventory is an important instrument for sustainable forest management. Canopy Height Model (CHM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) created from high-resolution UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery provide possibility to determine tree crown diameters for the whole stand at fast. The goal of this paper is to identify the influence of tree species on the accuracy of estimation of crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery. In Plot 1 with coniferous tree species we identified 21 trees from total of 22 trees that leads to a detection rate of 95%. In Plot 1 with deciduous trees species we identified 24 trees from total 34 trees that leads to a detection rate of 71%. The RMSE errors calculated between the reference crown diameters and estimated crown diameters by IWS on Plot 1and Plot 2 were calculated as 0.80 m (RMSE% = 21.85) and 1.89 m (RMSE% = 21.54), respectively. The results didn't show the significant influence of tree species on the accuracy of estimation of crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery. However, result showed the significant influence of tree species on the detection number trees on the plot. The detection of number trees on the plot by method Inverese Watersed Segmentation in software ArcGis is higher for coniferous tree species. It is mainly due to the overlapping crowns.


Much work has been done on Dickens as a writer of flat characters, melodrama, caricature, social reformism, pathos, humour, and realism. His propensity towards extreme conceptions and impressions is common understanding but how he orders his intense ideas has been completely overlooked by scholars. What are his way of perceiving the world that has created this special style. This paper is a study in this direction with reference to David Copperfield; how the artist marshals his words to create a style replete with fantastic ideas and exaggerations. In this connection insights of modern linguistics and modern psychology have been made use of. According to the personality of a speaker he may be susceptible to interpret conceptions, experiences and perceptions drawing similarities between them. On the other hand a speaker may show sharpening and ambiguities in the explication of his experiences. Dickens belongs to the former category; Jane Austen to the latter. An attempt has been made to show in-depth the co-relationship between similarity order and stylistic features employed by Dickens in this paper. At the level of syntax he pairs up two similar expressions, and uses haphazard parallelisms. At the level of grammar the use of adjectives, as well as use of adverbs leading to exaggeration, and use of extreme determiners draw our attention. Then at the level of meaning, as in the use of hyperboles, lexical similarity and comparisons enforce my theory of his being a novelist of similarity order. Each literary device mentioned in this paper is in abundance in Dickens' David Copperfield to be the hallmark of his style.


The title compound, C16H36N+·C6H5BF3−, crystallizes as discrete tetra-n-butylammoniun ions and phenyltrifluoroborate ions. There are no close contacts between anions and cations.


A student forum was held early in March, 2013, bringing together over 50 student representatives (and their support teachers) from five primary schools in Mount Gambier. At the previous forum in March 2012, the students decided to term their group SLUG: the Student Leaders United Group.


A joint assembly (130) includes a substructure (132) and a member (131). The substructure (132) includes one or more standoffs (140) extending from the substructure (132). The standoff includes a space location control surface. The member (131) includes a base and a pair of elongated legs (143, 147) to define a channel. The space location control surface contacts the member (131) to maintain a standoff distance and a minimum bond thickness between the member (131) and the substructure (132).


Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole in healthy subjects.Methods: In an open-label and parallel group study,44 healthy Chinese subjects received single or multiple-dose of aripiprazole tablet(s).Plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and its metabolite dehydroaripiprazole were determined by LC-MS/MS.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNolin software using non-compartment analysis.Results: AUC0~t and Cmax were increased proportionally as dose escalation among the range of 10 to 30 mg.The steady state of aripiprazole was attained by d 14 after 10 mg qd for 14 d and serious accumulation was observed.Adverse events happened in the study were generally mild,transient,and independent on dose.Conclusion: Dose proportionality of aripiprazole is concluded over the range of 10 to 30 mg.Aripiprazole has been found to be obviously accumulated after multiple administrations and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects.


Using low rigidity tensioner torsion spring used in the first level and a second high stiffness of the torsion spring to maintain the level of tension in a chain or a belt. Second level to the first level is connected through the torque coupling. High stiffness stranded portion between the torsion spring and the dead stop portion is maintained at the excited state and provides energy to store tension at a high load. In some embodiments, the damper coupling is a torque. In other embodiments, the torque coupling clutch. A method of storing energy in the high rigidity of the torsion spring tensioner.


EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON THE PROCESS OF WORK OF THE BLOOD CONVEYOR OF THE MODULE OF HARVESTING TOPS OF ROOT CROPS I. M. Storozuk Mechanized harvesting of roots is a labor-intensive and energy-intensive technological operation in the general aspect of agricultural crops production and their processing. The analysis of the known scientific works allowed to state, that practically there are no results of experimental researches, which characterize the width of the roll of the crushed hinge, which is formed by a screw conveyor in the process of operation of the self-assembly module of single-phase coronal-cutting machines. One of the reserves for raising the performance indicators of the hinge assembly modules is to improve the process of collecting the hinge by improving the working bodies to assemble the main array of hinges. In this regard, the development of new and improved working bodies for the collection of root crops and the study of the influence of their parameters to improve the performance of gun-harvesting machines is an important national economic task. Experimental studies to determine the width of the formed roll, conducted to determine the functional patterns of the influence of input factors, or parameters of the working bodies and the conditions of operation of the hook assembly module to the output, or the optimization parameter. The three-factor experiment was conducted at three levels of variation by factors, that is, a planned factor experiment of PFE 33 type was implemented. An improved design of the module for harvesting the hinges of root crops was proposed by us. These improvements were respectively confirmed by Ukraine's patents for a useful model. The regression equation is obtained, which characterizes the change in natural quantities. According to the regression equation obtained on the basis of the approximating empirical mathematical model, a response surface and a two-dimensional section of the surface of the response of the functional change of the width of the formed roll cut by a rotary hitch crew and a conveyor on a harvester conveying a felled beet root crop as a functional are constructed. On this basis, one could argue that developed a theoretical model that functionally describes the change width formed roll concluded on harvested field chopped tops depending on the parameters of screw and technological parameters of module for harvesting fodder tops of root crops in the overall context for analytical level adequate or satisfactory way describes the real process of change The width of the formed roll formed on the collected field of the crushed wick, which was obtained at the empirical level according to the regression equations. From the standpoint of the system analysis of the technological process of self-propelled root cropping machines that perform a single-phase method for harvesting root crops, it can be argued that the expediency of experimental studies of the width of the formed roll formed on the harvested field by a screw conveyor of the shredded root crop is regulated by ensuring the working efficiency of the vehicles involved in partially unloading the collected root crops From the full bunker of the root cropping machine without its stopping. In this respect, the width roll formed technology is an important indicator of process module for harvesting fodder tops of root crops, thus to ensure the manufacturability of vehicle width formed windrow of chopped tops should not be greater than the center distance drives a vehicle or the width of the transport path. In most cases, as a rule, the width of the transport line of technological transport during the harvesting of roots is 1.8 m. Then we can say that getting limits of theoretical and experimental widths formed windrow of chopped tops of root crops do not exceed 1.6 m wide track transport technology transport 1.8 m, that is scattered across the surface tops chopped harvested fields will not interfere with normal movement of the vehicle ( the absence of towing engines of the vehicle). One of the reserves for raising the performance indicators of the hinge assembly modules is to improve the process of collecting the hinge by improving the working bodies to assemble the main array of hinges. In this regard, the development of new and improved working bodies for the collection of root crops and the study of the influence of their parameters to improve the performance of gun-harvesting machines is an important national economic task. The introduction of new highly efficient harvesting complexes, built on the basis of original constructive decisions of the working bodies, is the basis for further development of the agrarian complex of Ukraine. Existing single-phase technology and technical equipment used in the harvesting of root crops does not provide established performance indicators, which results in losses of 20% of the dry weight of root crops, and the available content of the hips in the collected root crops significantly reduces the quality of raw materials and the output of their processing products. In this aspect, raising the technical level of hinge-assembly modules of single-phase machines is an actual scientific task. The regression equation of the change in the width of the formed roll of the crushed hinge was obtained, depending on the parameters of the screw conveyor and working conditions according to the results of experimental studies of the improved module for harvesting fodder tops of root crops are received. It is established that in the given limits of variation of input factors (module speed, productivity of root cushions, rotational speed of a screw) the width of the formed roll of the crushed bundle is in the range from 0.5 to 1.4 m. The obtained research results are the next step in developing a method for optimizing the parameters of machines for harvesting root crops. Key words: root crop joint, screw, roller width, planned factor experiment, crop yield, speed, rotational speed


The visualization techniques were discussed and a new visualization technique was developed as a way to overcome the shortcoming of the traditional one. The technique incorporates the CAD model of a casting to represent the outline of the casting in a transparent way, in which lighting models can be used for better effects. For the interior part of the representation, the data from the simulation results is used. Graphic synthesizing technique is used to combine the CAD model and the simulation results for the final effects of the visualization process. The applications of the technique show that the three-dimensional simulation results can be transparently visualized within a smooth outline shape of the casting, and the quality of the presentation is improved greatly compared with the traditional technique of three-dimensional outline drawing from the grid data.


Lauren Donofrio, Michigan Department of the Attorney General—Co-chair, ex-officio Michael Moody, Michigan Department of the Attorney General—Co-chair, ex-officio Kwafo Adarkwa, ITC Holdings George Andraos, Ford Motor Company Jim Ault, Michigan Electric and Gas Association Chrissy Beckwith, Semco Energy Mathias Bell, Opower Greg Bergtold, Dow Chemical Company Craig Borr, Wolverine Power Cooperative Laura Chappelle, Energy Michigan Greg Clark, Indiana Michigan Power James Clift. Michigan Environmental Council Dan Dundas, Senate Majority Policy Office Anand Gangadharan, NOVI Energy Jason Geer, Michigan Chamber of Commerce Brandon Hofmeister, Consumers Energy John LaMacchia, Michigan Municipal League Greg Poulos, EnerNOC Jean Redfield, NextEnergy Don Stanczak, DTE Energy Jill Steiner, The Cadmus Group Andrew Vermeesch, Michigan Farm Bureau Jim Weeks, Michigan Municipal Electric Association Liesl Clark, Michigan Energy Innovation Business Jeffrey Wiggins, House Republican Policy Council Office


Local subsidence damage to an airport taxiway at Sendai Airport in Natori, Japan, located near an underground structure occurred during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. A shake table test of a large model in a 1 g gravitational field was performed to clarify the mechanism of this subsidence damage with a focus on the relationship between strain history and ground surface subsidence of the liquefied ground. The maximum and accumulated strain of the deviator shear strain close to the underground structure increased compared to other areas farther from the underground structure. As ground surface subsidence increased, the distribution of subsidence corresponded to the distribution of the maximum strain and accumulated strain in the ground. The results indicate that local subsidence damage at Sendai Airport was caused by interactions between the ground and the underground structure.


The efforts to improve the fitting outcomes of polynomial and controlled spline result in the proposed theory and algorithms of smoothing spline applicable to test data of internal stress of pile foundation.The calculated friction distribution and the limits of lateral friction of the project testing pile come as a result of practical examples of internal strain testing data of sliding micrometer in engineering pile.The algorithms allow the errors occuring in the process of measurement to be filtered to a large extent,leading to the decrease in the influence of man-made factors and the increase in the credibility of friction calculation.


The aims of this study are to verify the relationships of evacuee speed and affections to the evacuation time according to the width of corridor and stairs in university education facilities. To achieve these purposes, the present conditions of university education facilities were analyzed, and the evacuation experiments were executed in relation to the width of corridor and stairs. The results of this study are as follows ; (1) The deviations of numbers of residents per stair is very high, and the number and width of stairs, corridors are only depend on the minimum guidelines of building code, not considering the residents' evacuation. (2) The width of corridor and stairs are affects on the evacuation speed and time. The rate of decreasing speed is large in stairs, and also the possibility of danger is increasing depend on the speed and density.


This paper presents the performance of differential pressure (DP) and inlet temperature by using fabric filter at Coal-Fired Power Station. A fabric filter is one of eco-friendly methods that popular application in the industry to cater and filter the flue gas that contained fly ashes, that been produced by combustion of pulverized coal inside the boiler furnace. This study focuses on analyse the reading of differential pressure and inlet temperature and determining condition of fabric filter. The evaluation of this result is to maintain the differential pressure at 14 – 18 mbar and inlet temperature at 130 0C. The performance of the fabric filter will be analysed using the monitoring report performance based on daily walkdown inspection and calibration schedule report. Based on the report results prove that the performance of fabric filter is in satisfactory condition and met with DOE requirements, which the flue gas within in 30 minutes observation only contain 150mg/m3 of ash. The protection of the system ensures the fabric filter in optimum condition.


Ch. 4: Sketches the two variants of PAT: (i) identifying a proposition with the type of its proofs (Curry and Howard), and (ii) mapping a proposition φ to the type proofs(φ) of its proofs (De Bruijn). For the latter approach the phrase Proofs as Terms is more adequate. Typed lambda calculi of a special format, so-called Pure Type Systems (PTSs) and a classification of these, the Barendregt Cube, are introduced. Ch. 5: Elaborates the PAT interpretation for STT and RTT. This involves the definition of a suitable typed lambda calculus RTT and a formalization of the respective proof theories in this lambda calculus. The chapter culminates in the proof of the soundness of the embedding of RTT (and STT) in RTT. The reviewer could not find a result on the completeness of the embedding, which presumably doesn't hold. Ch. 6: Investigates the correspondence between RTT and the type system Nuprl based on Martin-Löfs type theory. The latter type theory was originally developed as a foundation of constructive mathematics and is one of the strongest predicative type theories. The orders are clearly visible in the universes typed ∗1 : ∗2 : ∗3 . . . . Again the chapter culminates in a soundness proof. Nuprl proves slightly (and harmlessy) more embedded judgements of RTT than RTT itself. Ch. 7: Describes the system Automath initiated by De Bruijn. Automath is the first proof assistant (also called logical framework). The goal of the Automath project is to develop a universal language for mathematics, in such a way that proofs can be verified mechanically. This is the old ideal of Leibniz and Hilbert, where the ambition to decide mechanically on truth (which is known to be impossible in general) has been replaced by the mechanical verification of proofs (which is already difficult enough). De Bruijn discovered independently PAT with proofs(φ). Automath has been highly influential, also through its successors Coq and Nuprl. (Outside the scope of the book, but worth mentioning is that De Bruijn discovered a technique called nameless dummies which was the first correct implementation of bound variables.)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the compliance status of prerequisite programs (PRPs) and to determine the feasibility of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) program in restaurants in different cities of Iran. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 58 great chain restaurants were assessed randomly by observation, interview and questionnaires. The main prerequisites for HACCP implementation in questionnaires were as follows: personal hygiene of employees, rinsing, disinfection and cleaning programs, area and location of the restaurant, design and layout of the tools, building facilities, interior environment of the building, environmental hygiene, storerooms, cold storage, refrigerators and documentation. Findings – Only 17 percent (10) of restaurants were generally assessed in a proper level of compliance and 95 percent (55) of them had not any documentation about hygienic practices. Also, the status of storerooms, cold storage and refrigerators was improper. Although, a...


Objective:To observe effect of realgar nanoparticles(RN) on inhibiting proliferation and inducting apoptosis for human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells,and to explore the related mechanism.Method:MTT colorimetric method and flow cytometric were used to observe the influence of RN on proliferation and apoptosis for human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cell,and RT-PCR was used to detect the affect of RN on the expression of survivin and Caspase-3.Result:MTT assay and flow cytometry technique showed that RN could induce apoptosis in the A431 cells and inhibit their proliferation;and the effects were increased with the dose of RN.The combination of RN with cisplatin showed synergistic effect.In the control group,the 5%,10% and 20% RN groups,DDP group and DDP+ 10% RN group,survivin relative expression levels were(68.74±1.96)%,(63.93±3.57)%,(57.12±3.93)%,(47.64±6.44)%,(41.44±4.83)% and(32.18±4.10)% accordingly;while the Casepase-3 relative expression levels were(26.26±2.07)%,(32.660±4.42)%,(35.29±5.26)%,(38.52±8.37)%,(45.69±4.19)% and(52.98±6.52)% respectively.RN could increase the expression of Caspase-3 and reduce the expression of survivin.Conclusion:RN may play an anti-tumor effect by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting their proliferation;the mechanism may be related to the increase in Caspase-3 expression and the down-regulation of the expression of survivin.


Bartholomew's (1990) four-category typology of adult attachment styles was compared with Hazan & Shaver's (1987) three-category typology in terms of three substantive issues. First, the same two dimensions were found to underlie both typologies, and the Bartholomew and Hazan & Shaver measures corresponded as predicted. Second, there were no gender differences on Hazan & Shaver's measure, in line with previous studies, but there were gender differences on Bartholomew's measure, especially in her two avoidant categories. More males than females were dismissing avoidants; more females than males were fearful avoidants. Third, a hypothesis advanced by Latty-Mann & Davis (1988) was confirmed. Adult children of alcoholics scored high on both avoidant and anxious-ambivalent scales of Hazan & Shaver's measure, and fell predominantly into Bartholomew's fearful-avoidant category, suggesting that at least some fearful adults are grown-up versions of the `disorganized, disoriented' children identified by Crittenden (1988) and by Main & Solomon (1990). These children are more common in families troubled by parental alcoholism, depression or abuse.


A prototype singlemode fibre-based ultrahigh pressure remote sensor based on a Fizeau cavity using a dual-wavelength coherence reading technique has been constructed capable of remote operation at distances up to 10 km. A range to resolution of ∼1.67×10 4 :1 and an overall measurement accuracy of ∼±0.067% over a pressure range of ∼1000 bar have been achieved