Research on the quality of life of cancer patients has stressed the significance of social support from their marital relationship. In this study, patients and spouses were asked to assess their current marital relationship and how they remembered it as being before the cancer diagnosis. Marital quality was assessed by interactional style, level of intimacy, and coping with problems. Personality was assessed by measuring stage of ego development: preconformist, conformist, and postconformist. The study produced two major findings. First, affiliation with the spouse had the highest correlation with the patients' quality of life, whereas coping with problems had the highest correlation with the spouses' quality of life. Second, patients who were at the postconformist stage of ego development were most likely to report that their marital relationship had become stronger over the course of their illness. The study carries implications for the structuring of differential psychosocial interventions for patients...


The migration process of Cu, Zn complex in a soil column of different eclectic field direction and strength after input of EDTA in the soil was studied, adopting vertical electric field. The electric field action influenced the migration behaviors of Cu, Zn complex in the soil; and the greater the field strength, the more marked the migration action of Cu, Zn complexes. Under the electric field environment with upper anode, the field action could low down effectively the downward migration of the complexes; after changing the field direction, its action could accelerate the complexes migrating downward. Compared with contrast, the field action changed the distribution of soil Cu, Zn in the soil column entirely with its influence on soil quality accumulated mainly near the electrode.


Although there have been many determinations of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a-particles in various microorganisms (1), there have been few determinations utilizing mammalian tissue (2). Owing to the short range of a-particles, many difficulties are encountered in trying to establish a uniformly distributed and reproducible field of a-radiation in living tissue. In the present study, advantage was taken of the fact that the thyroid gland has the capacity to accumulate selectively certain halogens of the seventh periodic group of elements, namely iodine and astatine. The capacity of the thyroid gland to accumulate iodine has been known for many years. It has been demonstrated that astatine is accumulated in a similar fashion (3), and in addition the metabolism and destructive action of astatine in the rat thyroid have been investigated (4-9). Thus, in this study the biological effect of an a-emitting isotope (At211) was compared with that of a f-emitter (I132), both of which were concentrated in the same tissue in a similar manner.


Packers are downhole equipment that is essential equipment in well workover operations to protect the production string from reservoir pressure.
The sleeve assembly, which is the main assembly of the packer, requires that during setting the packer is not damaged and does not stick to the inside of the well when running into the well, and that the packer is set correctly. When mounting the packer in the well, it is necessary to ensure full balance.
To ensure balance when setting the packer, in workover wells, care must be taken to ensure that the packer is lowered into the well at low speed. When lowering the packer into the well, it is also necessary to control the descent speed and know the pattern of change in the dependence of the dynamic force on the descent speed. The calculation of the allowable compressive load on the packer equipment used in well repair is considered. A stability criterion is proposed that takes into account bending stresses that occur when a packer is mounted in a well.
Depending on the diameter of the tubing, the critical value of the compressive force acting on the packer was determined, and a new expression was obtained for calculating the allowable load acting on the packer used in the repair well. The critical compression force was calculated depending on the diameter of the well pipes.
Depending on the diameter of the tubing, the numerical values of the critical force on the packer were determined. It was found that the value of bending stresses as a criterion for static stability corresponds to 15% of the yield strength when the packer is mounted in a repair well.
When mounting the packer in repair wells, care must be taken to ensure that the packer is lowered into the well at low speed to ensure balance


To improve the reliability of data storage, HDFS adopts the multi-copy storage strategy of Rack-Aware. However, it does not consider the data block's access heat during the replication process, resulting in that in the case of high concurrent access, the client's request for the hot file cannot be responded quickly, and the storage cluster's I/O throughput rate is significantly reduced. Aiming at the defects of HDFS default replica replication strategy, this paper proposes a replica replication strategy based on block heat The results show that the improved strategy is better than the HDFS default strategy in load balancing performance, the average response time of read requests of the improved strategy is 28.46% lower than the default strategy, and the response speed is significantly better than the HDFS default strategy.


We show that the coordinate-transformed mode which is the transformation from a Gaussian profile to a uniform circular one inside a cavity, is selected through iteration of round trips, using Fox-Li simulation in a bare cavity. When the phase constraint due to cavity mirrors is predominant, the intensity profiles converge to the desired profiles.


Spectrum scarcity creates a Brobdingnagian problems in wireless networks. Hence, efficient spectrum aware and management schemes are needed to solve this problem in wireless networks. Cognitive Radio Network(CRN) caters to this need. These radios are designed such that their transceiver makes use of best available wireless channels in its vicinity and enables more communications to run concurrently by changing its transmission parameters and thereby increasing the efficiency. In this paper, a Distance And Utilization based Routing Protocol(DAU) is proposed to enable the secondary users to utilize the channels in a dynamic way that are currently vacated by primary users. DAU protocol is unique in the way that it makes use of an utilization factor of channels for choosing the next hop for transmission of data. The proposed protocol is simulated with NS2 and its performance is analyzed using various network parameters. The simulation results indicate that the DAU protocol performs well compared to the existing protocols.


Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has been considered as a new method for treating neoplasms. However, ALA-PDT is suboptimal for thick tumors. Searching for new approaches, we investigated the effect of adding differentiation therapy (DT) with Vitamin E succinate (VES) to PDT in human prostate LN-CaP-FGC10 cancer cells in vitro . The purpose of DT was to reverse the lack of differentiation in cancer cells and to enhance the effectiveness of ALA- dependent PDT. Three groups of cells were grown on RPMI1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% FBS. The cells included: ALA-PDT cells, which received 0.3 mM ALA for 4 hours at dark, and exposed to 532 nm, 50 mW Nd-YAG laser beam for 3 min; DT+ALA-PDT cells, which received 6 µg/ml VES for 24, 48 and 72 hours, followed by the addition of 0.3 mM ALA for 4 h and exposure to Nd-YAG laser beam for 3 min; control cells which were untreated. After 24 h, the percentage of cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Accumulation of PpIX was measured by spectrophotometry and fluorescent microscopy. Mechanism of induced cell death was investigated via Hoechst staining. The combination of both factors (VES and 5-ALA) lead to a significant increase in cell death after 72 h. Induction of differentiation augmented PpIX accumulation in cells treated with ALA. Elevated intracellular PpIX levels resulted in an enhanced lethal photodynamic sensitization of VES plus ALA-treated cells after 72 h. Apoptotic cell death by both ALA-PDT and VES-ALA-PDT was confirmed by Hoechst staining. Our data suggest that VES used in combination with 5-ALA may provide a new combinatorial approach for treating certain cancers.


When sensitive data stored and transmit over the internet while information is no longer protected based on physical boundaries, security is considered as the significant issue. The secure communication between different entities is ensured by an effective, essential, and efficient component known as cryptography, which transmit unintelligible data and allow the authorized recipient to access the data. A hybrid public key cryptography system is presented in this paper based on the Diffie Helman key exchange algorithm and Elliptic curve cryptography. Elliptic curves are used to generate the private keys at the user end. These private keys are used to compute the public keys which can then be shared between multiple parties forming a group. The proposed modified key generation process helps reducing the key size which helps in effectively exchanging the keys over internet. The proposed algorithm achieves this without compromising the cryptographic efficiency. Advance Encryption Standard (AES) is used for encryption of message based on the shared secret key. The shared secret key is hashed using SHA256 algorithm to provide an additional layer of security. The proposed hybrid model is compared with conventional Elliptic Curve Diffie Helman (ECDH) key exchange based cryptographic algorithm in terms of key length, run time, throughput and avalanche effect. The proposed method produced better results in terms of key length and run time while maintaining good throughput and avalanche effect.


Drones have been used in several applications, such as monitoring, search and rescue, urban sensing, traffic management, and delivery of goods. Soon, all these applications must share the same airspace forming the Internet of Drones (IoD). The IoD will allow the controlled access of drones to the airspace through the airways, guaranteeing the environment safety, management, and fair use. One of the most prominent challenges of IoD is the mobility of drones that might happen freely in space or along predefined airways, as expected in urban environments. Scanning applications such as monitoring, search and rescue, and sensing may require drones to cover an entire metropolitan area. In IoD, path planning for a drone, in the case of airways, must consider factors such as the number of drones available in the application and the airways. In this work, we propose a method of coverage path planning for IoD (CPP-IoD). Specifically, we introduce a technique that considers the IoD environment. Our results show better path planning coverage regarding traveled distance and uniformity between drone paths compared to the baseline algorithm.


Based on the analysis on the principle of the SRM( Switched Reluctance Motor) status switchover from starter to generator,a genetic algorithm sliding mode variable structure controller was designed to solve the problem about voltage buildup and adjustment during the process of switchover. The controller consists of multi-close-routines feedback controlling system such as the rotation speed of prime motor,load current,phase current and output voltage. Parameters optimization model based on genetic algorithm,in the controller,was designed to conclude and the turn-on angle,turn-off angle and chopping current was selected to ensure the switchover steady and rapid. SRM module based on finite element electromagnetic analysis was built to design and to simulate the sliding mode variable structure controller. A2 k W SRM model machine was utilized to validate the design. The results shows that the controller,compaed with traditional PID controlling strategy,can improve the dynamic feature of switchover process of SRD / G efficiently.


Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) has emerged as the state-of-the-art method for novel view generation of complex scenes, but is very slow during inference. Recently, there have been multiple works on speeding up NeRF inference, but the state of the art methods for real-time NeRF inference rely on caching the neural network output, which occupies several gigabytes of disk space that limits their real-world applicability. As caching the neural network of original NeRF network is not feasible, Garbin et al. proposed "FastNeRF" which factorizes the problem into 2 sub-networks - one which depends only on the 3D coordinate of a sample point and one which depends only on the 2D camera viewing direction. Although this factorization enables them to reduce the cache size and perform inference at over 200 frames per second, the memory overhead is still substantial. In this work, we propose SqueezeNeRF, which is more than 60 times memory-efficient than the sparse cache of FastNeRF and is still able to render at more than 190 frames per second on a high spec GPU during inference.


In mathematically statistical test methods that were used to get arming distance of fuze,Langlie method was applied more and more wider because it only uses a few samples.Langlie method test of fuze arming distance was simulated and calculated with Mote-Carlo method.Its result shows that the estimate of 50% response level of stimulus for arming distance can be got through using a little sample,but the error and scatter to estimate of variance for arming distance is large;the amending coefficient to estimate of variance can be got through simulating and calculating,but it is useless to the certain single test;this means that the estimated arming distance of fuze by the langlie method test has large error,and the maximum of arming distance becomes shorter and the minimum of that becomes longer without amending.


The Aurivillius-type compounds with generic formula SrxBi4-xNbxTi3-xO12 (with x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) have been synthesized to investigate the effect of Sr and Nb substitution on the bismuth titanate, by a conventional solid state technique. The phase formation of the compound was confirmed through XRD. The dielectric measurements were made at different constant frequencies of 10 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz, 500 kHz and 1 MHz over a wide temperature range. The samples showed a transition from normal ferroelectric behavior to relaxor dielectric behavior with an increasing value of "x".


This paper presents a high resolution, wide input range 2-step time-to-digital converter used in digital PLL. TDC is used to compare the DPLL output frequency with reference frequency and should be implemented with high resolution to improve the phase noise of DPLL. The conventional TDC consists of delay line realized inverters, whose resolution is determined by delay time of inverter and transistor size, resulting in limited resolution. In this paper, 2-step TDC with phase-interpolation and Time Amplifier is proposed to meet the high resolution and wide input range by implement the delay time less than an inverter delay. The gain of Time Amplifier is improved by using the delay time difference between two inverters. It is implemented in CMOS process and the die area is Current consumption is 12 mA at the supply voltage of 1.2 V. The resolution and input range of the proposed TDC are 0.357 ps and 200 ps, respectively.


He lifted his hands, spread his fingers to examine them. His hands were those of an average man of his height and weight, though his fingers were slightly longer than average and the tips were discernibly tapered. His nails were clipped short and kept scrupulously clean and yet?how was this possible??inside the latex gloves, they'd become ridged with the dried rust-red substance he had to suppose was blood. He thought There must be a flaw in the gloves. A tear. It wasn't the first time this had happened?this curiosity. In recent months it seemed to be happening with disconcerting fre quency. Lucas considered retrieving the used gloves from the trash to inspect them, to see if he could detect minuscule tears in the rub ber?but the prospect was distasteful to him. In the lavatory attached to his office Lucas Brede washed his hands vigorously. A swirl of rust-red water disappeared down the drain. This was a mystery! Few of his patients ever "bled" in his office. Dr. Brede was a cosmetic surgeon, and the procedures he performed on the premises?collagen and Botox injection, microdermabra sion, sclerotherapy, laser (wrinkle removal), chemical peeling, Therma Therapy?involved virtually no blood loss. More compli cated surgical procedures?face-lift, rhinoplasty, vein removal,


Introduction:  To establish the significance of cytological features which could predict clinically significant endometrial pathology, and therefore guide reporting practice in cervical samples.


We propose a new method to recognize partially occulted objects. The technique consists to create first, an index containing codes associated to each image of the database using the Quad-tree structure, and then we define a tolerance threshold that allows the recognition of partially occulted objects.


In order to silence the expression levels of pathogenic genes, small interfering RNA (siRNA) requires a nano-sized carrier for its safe and stable delivery into cells. In this research highlight, we focus on well-defined cationic nanohydrogel particles developed in our group for such purposes. To investigate the nanogels' mechanism for enhanced knockdown efficiencies, we recently synthesized two sets of particles with similar material composition and siRNA-loading characteristics, but – according to the manufacturing process – of different sizes. Within this study, 100-nm-sized nanogel particles loaded with siRNA accumulated inside the lysosomes already after 4 h and could not induce any gene knockdown, while 40-nm-sized particles were able to avoid lysosomal accumulation, and instead, generated moderate gene knockdown levels lasting for about three days. We believe that in analogy to other reports this size-dependent intracellular distribution behavior might be an essential key parameter for tuning the knockdown efficiency of the nanogel carriers. Moreover, these results might further contribute to the development of advanced siRNA carrier systems in order to enhance RNAi's translation into the clinics.


ABSTRACT The question of what makes a 'law' distinct from other kinds of rules and social norms – often called the project of 'conceptual jurisprudence' – gives rise to a classic debate in modern legal theory. The debate has historically centred on the competing Western views of (i) natural law theory and (ii) legal positivism. Meanwhile, the ancient Chinese school of thought known as 'Legalism' (法家) has remained an under-explored branch of Eastern philosophy, despite its many insights into the nature of government and legal systems. This paper argues that Legalism, when interpreted as a system of conceptual jurisprudence, offers a genuine alternative to both of the dominant Western theories. It achieves this by invoking normative reasoning to conceptually distinguish 'laws' from other sorts of rules at the most fundamental level of analysis, but also by doing so without any necessary reference to notions of morality. This unique characteristic of Legalism is introduced in this paper as 'form prudentialism'.


Wehe, Della Reminiscences of the Early Eighties in Dakota, 1900 2 items Small Collection 718 Biography Scope and Content Folder List OVERVIEW Access: The collection is open under the rules and regulations of the NDSU Archives. Provenance: Unknown. Property rights: The NDSU Archives owns the property rights to this collection. Copyrights: Copyrights to this collection is held by the NDSU Archives. Citation: [Identification of item]. Reminiscences of the Early Eighties in Dakota (SC 718), NDSU Archives, North Dakota State University, Fargo.


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancinoma.MethodsThirty patients with advanced gastric cancer with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously on d1,8,oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously infusion of d1,5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 intravenously infusion of d2-6,each cycle included 21 days.After continuous two cycles,evaluation was performed.ResultsThe complete remission 0 cases,partial remission 17 cases(56.7%),stable disease 7 cases(23.3%),disease progression 6 cases(20%),the total effective rate is 56.7%,Clinical benefit rate is 80%.Adverse events were myelosuppression,alopecia,gastrointestinal reactions and peripheral neuritis.ConclusionCombination regimen of docetaxel plus oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil is well tolerable and has a high response rate in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.


After isothermal heat treatment,carbide phase,intermetallic phase and nitride precipitated phase were generally formed during the transformation process from ferrite to austenite in duplex stainless steel.These precipitated phases in alloy would cause the embrittlement of stainless steel,the remarkable decrease of plasticity,ductility and corrosion resistance of steel.For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of precipitated phase of 2205 duplex phase stainless steel with different heat treatment time at 750 ℃,the electrolysis results of duplex stainless steel with different electrolysis systems were firstly studied.After selecting proper electrolyte,the precipitated phase was separated from the matrix by electrolysis separation.The topography and structural change process of precipitated phase after extraction were qualitatively investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Moreover,the content of nitrogen in precipitated phase was measured by oxygen-nitrogen analyzer.The content of carbon in residue after acid treatment was analyzed by carbon-sulfur determinator.The content of alloy elements in solution after chemical separation was tested by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-AES).By combining the content of nitrogen and carbon,the elemental composition and content of different precipitated phases were calculated.Finally,the effect of heat treatment time on the precipitated phase at 750 ℃ was discussed.The intermetallic phase χ phase firstly formed during the beginning of aging.χ phase decreased with the prolonging of heat treatment time,while σ phase gradually formed and finally predominated the precipitated phases.


To comprehensively evaluate the nutritional value of protein in lotus seed, and provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilizatiotl of lotus seed resource. The results showed that: The crude protein content and fat content were 19.99% and 6.82% respectively. The total content of 17 amino acids was 178.05 mg g −1 dry matter, in which the content of 7 essential amino acids was 64.71 mg g −1, the content of delicious amino acid was 58.15 mg g −1. The essential amino acids accounted for 36.34% of the total amino acids, which was lower than egg protein pattern but higher than WHO/FAO pattern. Tne EAAI was 70.84. The first limiting amino acid was methionine, the second one was threonine, and the third one was isoleucine. Based on all of the analyses, it can be concluded that lotus seed was a species of high quality in nutrition.


The nature of missing data problems forces us to build models that maintain high accuracies and steadiness. The models developed to achieve this are usually complex and computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised multi-layered artificial immune system for an insurance classification problem that is characterised as highly dimensional and contains escalating missing data. The system is compared with the k-nearest neighbour, support vector machines and logistic discriminant models. Overall, the results show that whilst k-nearest neighbour achieves the highest accuracy, the multi-layered artificial immune system is steady and maintains high performance compared to other models, regardless of how the missing data is distributed in a dataset.


Preface PART I: Formation of Supramolecular Polymers MULTIPLE HYDROGEN-BONDED SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS Introduction General Concepts of Hydrogen-Bonding Motifs Hydrogen-Bonded Main-Chain Supramolecular Polymers From Supramolecular Polymers to Supramolecular Materials Future Perspectives CYCLODEXTRIN-BASED SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS Introduction Supramolecular Polymers in the Solid State Formation of Homo-Intramolecular and Intermolecular Complexes by CDs-Guest Conjugates Formation of Intermolecular Complexes by CD and Guest Dimers Artificial Molecular Muscle Based on c2-Daisy Chain Conclusion and Outlook SUPRA-MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY: TOWARD DESIGN OF NEW ORGANIC MATERIALS FROM SUPRAMOLECULAR STANDPOINTS Introduction Small Molecules, Macromolecules, and Supramolecules: Design of their Composite Materials Conclusion and Outlook POLYMERIZATION WITH DITOPIC CAVITAND MONOMERS Introduction Cavitands Self-Assembly of Ditopic Cavitand Monomers Conclusions and Outlook PART II: Supramolecular Polymers with Unique Structures POLYMERS CONTAINING COVALENTLY BONDED AND SUPRAMOLECULARLY ATTACHED CYCLODEXTRINS AS SIDE GROUPS Polymers with Covalently Bonded Cyclodextrins as Side Groups Side Chain Polyrotaxanes and Polypseudorotaxanes ANTIBODY DENDRIMERS AND DNA CATENANES Molecular Recognition in Biological Systems Antibody Supramolecules DNA Supramolecules Conclusions CROWN ETHER-BASED POLYMERIC ROTAXANES Introduction Daisy Chains Supramolecular Polymers Dendritic Rotaxanes Dendronized Polymers Main Chain Rotaxanes Based on Polymeric Crowns (Including Crosslinked Systems) Side Chain Rotaxanes Based on Pendent Crowns Poly[2]rotaxanes Poly[3]rotaxanes Polymeric End Group Pseudorotaxanes Chain Extension and Block Copolymers from End Groups Star Polymers from Crown Functionalized Polymers PART III: Properties and Functions PROCESSIVE ROTAXANE CATALYSTS Introduction Results and Discussion Conclusion EMERGING BIOMEDICAL FUNCTIONS THROUGH 'MOBILE' POLYROTAXANES Introduction Multivalent Interaction using Ligand-Conjugated Polyrotaxanes The Formation of Polyrotaxane Loops as a Dynamic Interface Cytocleavable Polyrotaxanes for Gene Delivery Conclusion Appendix SLIDE-RING MATERIALS USING POLYROTAXANE Introduction Pulley Effect of Slide-Ring Materials Synthesis of Slide-Ring Materials Scattering Studies of Slide-Ring Gels Mechanical Properties of Slide-Ring Gels Sliding Graft Copolymers Recent Trends of Slide-Ring Materials Concluding Remarks STIMULI-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS Introduction Stimuli and Responses Examples of Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Polymer Systems Concluding Remarks PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS Introduction and Background Linear Supramolecular Polymers Cross-Linked SPs Networks Hybrid Polymer Gels Conclusion TOPOLOGICAL POLYMER CHEMISTRY: A QUEST FOR STRANGE POLYMER RINGS Introduction Systematic Classification of Nonlinear Polymer Topologies Topological Isomerism Designing Unusual Polymer Rings by Electrostatic Self-Assembly and Covalent Fixation Conclusion and Future Perspectives STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ORGANOMETALLIC ROTAXANES Introduction Conclusion Appendix: Experimental Section POLYROTAXANE NETWORKS AS A TOPOLOGICALLY CROSS-LINKED POLYMER: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES Introduction Linking of Wheels of Main-Chain-Type Polyrotaxane - Structurally Defined Polyrotaxane Network Linking of Macrocyclic Units of Polymacrocycle with Axle Unit to Directly Yield a Polyrotaxane Network Linking of Wheels of Polyrotaxane Cross-Linker to Afford Polyrotaxane Network: Design of the Cross-Linker Conclusion FROM CHEMICAL TOPOLOGY TO MOLECULAR MACHINES Introduction Copper(I)-Templated Synthesis of Catenanes: The 'Entwining' Approach and the 'Gathering and Threading' Strategy Molecular Knots Molecular Machines Based on Catenanes and Rotaxanes Two-Dimensional Interlocking Arrays A [3]rotaxane Acting as an Adjustable Receptor: Toward a Molecular 'Press' Conclusion


In oxide glasses, strongly hydrogen-bonded protons which give IR absorption band at around 2900 cm-1 are very mobile, while hydrogen-bonding free protons which give its band at around 3600 cm-1 are immobile or much less mobile. The mobilities of protons increase with the strength of the hydrogen bonding. The superprotonic conductors of oxide glasses are developed for the phosphate glasses containing a large amount of mobile protons and molecular water . The theories of potential development of pH-glass electrodes which are long pending problem are discussed in terms of the mobile protons of the glasses. We assert that the presence of the mobile protons is indispensable for its pH-response. INTRODUCTION Recently, mobile protons in glasses and high proton-conducting glasses have much attraction from a view point of scientific and/or technological point. A series of studies on protonic conduction in oxide glasses have been reported by us . 1-27 We pointed out that high proton-conducting membranes of inorganic glasses will be demanded for solid electrolytes of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. 1,2 The presence of an amount of high mobility protons is a requisite condition for developing fast protonconducting glasses or superprotonic conductors of glasses; we assert that it also plays an essential role in the potential development of pH-electrode glasses.41-49 High mobility protons in glasses give important effects on their electrical properties and applications Unfortunately, however, it has been long believed that protons in glasses are substantially immobile, 29 and they have no essential role on the (d.c) electrical condu ction of the glasses. On the other hand, as we have reported since 1982, 1,2 strongly hydrogen-bonded protons in glasses have been found to be very mobile, although protons free from hydrogen-bonding are substantially immobile. The mobility of the hydrogen-bonded protons in pH-glasses has been evaluated to be much higher than that


Designscan, Support Center. Not able to comment in the blog: I tried to comment on a blog your wrote, but it didn't work? Due to the high volume


The aim of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of angiography, CT scan and MR imaging in the diagnosis of aortic dissection, on the basis of the authors' experience and literature review. Angiographic study is still considered the first choice technique in the diagnosis of aortic dissection, although it is considered not completely safe. CT scan allows to note the early thickening of the vessel walls (due to intraparietal bleeding) and the presence of calcifications in the thrombosed portion of the lesion. MR study allows multiplanar study of the lesions without contrast medium, and best visualization of subendothelial bleeding in dissections without intimal lesion.


The invention provides a conductor molding device and method. A coil-end molding device (20) includes a first molding die (21) and a second molding die (22) which approach each other along an X-direction and mold an edgewise bend part and a flatwise bend part on a lead wire part (11), and a third molding die (23) which approaches the second molding die (22) along the X-direction and molds an edgewise bend part in coordination with the second molding die (22) on a loose end section of the lead wire part (11). The second molding die (22) is configured so as to be capable of moving towards and away from the first molding die (21) along a Y-direction which differs from the X-direction, and the third molding die (23) is configured so as to be capable of moving towards and away from the second molding die (22) along the Y-direction which differs from the X-direction.


Unfolding and import of preproteins into mitochondria are facilitated by a molecular motor in which heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the matrix plays an essential role. Here we present two different experimental approaches to analyze mechanisms underlying this function of Hsp70. First, preproteins containing stretches of glutamic acid (polyE) or glycine (polyG) repeats in front of folded domains were imported into mitochondria. This occurred although Hsp70 cannot pull on these stretches to unfold the folded domains, since it does not bind to polyE and polyG. Secondly, preproteins containing titin immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domains were imported into mitochondria, despite the fact that forces of >200 pN are required to mechanically unfold these domains. Since molecular motors generate forces of ∼5 pN, Hsp70 could not promote unfolding of the Ig‐like domains by mechanical pulling. Our observations suggest that Hsp70 acts as an element of a Brownian ratchet, which mediates unfolding and translocation of preproteins across the mitochondrial membranes.


As a high-performance peripheral interface,PCI bus suits diversified development of high-speed peripheral board very well.High-speed serial communication simulator(HSSCS) is designed and realized for simulating the real serial communication device and completing sequence of communication with the commanding-controlling computer in lab.The HSSCS is composed of high-speed com-munication board and application software,which initializes the device and completes communication control of HDLC protocol using solidified assembler on the board,and the driver program is developed in VC environment based on WinDriver.Its design and realization is explained in detail.


In the following pages the author gives a preliminary account of his attempts to improve the methods commonly in use for the separation of the products of the hydrolysis of proteins.


The reactivity and efficiency of five low molecular weight multifunctional anhydride and epoxy compounds as chemical modifiers of a bottle grade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resin were evaluated by reactive extrusion under controlled conditions. The two dianhydrides and the three epoxy compounds were used at concentrations based on stoichiometry derived from the measured carboxyl and hydroxyl end group contents of the base resin. Measures of melt viscosity, melt strength, intrinsic viscosity and carboxyl group content were used as criteria of the extent of the modification. Correlations of die pressure with extrudate swell during extrusion, and melt flow index (MFI) with melt strength by off-line testing of the extrudates permitted the ranking of the modifiers according to their chain-extending/branching efficiency. For some systems molecular weight increases (related to die pressure/MFI/intrinsic viscosity) accompanied by broadening of the molecular weight distribution (related to die swell/melt strength) were considered excessive. Extrusion foaming experiments with one particular dianhydride modifier that increased the intrinsic viscosity of the resin from 0.71 to 0.9 dl g−1 indicate that production of low-density foams by a process involving one-step reactive modification/gas injection foaming is feasible, at conditions not significantly different from those employed in the simple reactive modification of the PET resin. The rheological and structural parameters determined in this work may be used as criteria to specify PET foamable compositions in terms of types and concentrations of modifiers. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry


Sarabi cows (n = 136) from the Sarabi Breeding Station were genotyped at bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)- DRB3.2 locus by a genotyping system that used the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples. A two-step polymerase chain reaction was carried out in order to amplify a 284 base-pair fragment of target gene. Nested-PCR products were digested with three restriction endonuclease enzymes RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Digested fragments were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-six BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles were identified with frequencies ranging from 0.4 to 15.1%. Six new allele types observed in this study have not been reported previously. Identified alleles include: BoLA-DRB3.2*1, *2, *4, *6, *8, *12, *13, *14, *15, *16, *17, *23, *24, *25, *28, *32, *34, *35, *36, *37, *42, *46, *51, *kba, *laa and *vaa. Their frequencies were found to be 0.4, 0.4, 0.7, 11.4, 1.1, 1.8, 2.9, 2.2, 4.4, 9.6, 1.1, 13.6, 0.4, 0.4, 1.1, 0.7, 0.4, 6.2, 2.2, 3.7, 1.1, 7.7, 1.5, 15.1, 2.6 and 7.3% respectively. The six most frequent alleles (DRB3.2 *6, *16, *23, *46, *kba and *vaa) accounted for 64.7% of the alleles in the population of this herd. Numerous studies on this locus, covering different breeds, has revealed the existence of various alleles in this locus, and new investigations have introduced novel alleles. With respect to the high number of the observed alleles in this survey and the novelty of some alleles with no previous record of reporting, it is plausible to conclude that the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus is highly polymorphic in Iranian native Sarabi cows. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 6 : 775-778)


The title of this article makes a reference to a unique study subject: the communication media system in Cuba, namely the organization in charge to generate and distribute stories aimed at the symbolic reproduction of a specific human collectivity. Cuba is a sui generis island-nation/diasporaarchipelago. How do we understand the communication media system in Cuba? What does it happen within it? More specifically, what is going on with the communication system of a country that is undergoing a process of transformation?


We present a detailed experimental study of bulk and powder samples of the Heusler shape memory alloy Ni$_2$MnGa, including zero-field static and dynamic $^{55}$Mn NMR experiments, X-ray powder diffraction and magnetization experiments. The NMR spectra give direct access to the sequence of structural phase transitions in this compound, from the high-T austenitic phase down to the low-T martensitic phase. In addition, a detailed investigation of the so-called rf-enhancement factor provides local information for the magnetic stiffness and restoring fields for each separate coordination, structural, crystallographic environment, thus differentiating signals coming from austenitic and martensitic components. The temperature evolution of the NMR spectra and the rf-enhancement factors shows strong dependence on sample preparation. In particular, we find that sample powderization gives rise to a significant portion of martensitic traces inside the high-T austenitic region, and that these traces can be subsequently removed by annealing.


Background. In the treatment of RhD‐negative women, it is clinically important to adjust the RhD immunoglobulin dose to the volume of the fetal‐maternal hemorrhage (FMH). The present study compared a standard flow cytometry technique for FMH quantification to a simple alternative, the gel agglutination test. Methods. Blood samples were collected from 118 RhD negative women after delivery, and were analysed for the amount of FMH by both flow cytometry and the gel agglutination test. Events associated with increased FMH in a previous and current pregnancy, and with neonatal complications, were correlated to the results. Results. A FMH of 0.1 ml or more was detected in all 118 women in the study group by flow cytometry (mean 2.0±1.2 ml), but in only 31 women (35.6% of 87 with RhD positive infant) (mean FMH 0.76±1.48 ml) by the gel agglutination test (p<0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, only gestational age was a weak significant independent positive predictor for FMH (r2 = 0.037, p = 0.047). Conclusion. The gel agglutination technique, as used in the range of 0.1–10 ml, is not sensitive enough to detect FMH.


The objective of this work was to develop a SAS® routine to facilitate the estimation of dialelic crossbreeding parameters with three breeds. Dialelic model allows to estimate the individual average heterosis (hI), between two breeds (hIi-j), maternal genetic effects (gM) and between two breeds (gMi-j), direct genetic effects (gI) and between two breeds (gIi-j). Backcrosses model allows to estimate maternal heterosis effects (hM) and between two breeds (hM). The data used were from Wilson and Johnson (1981) with the variable numbers of pigs at 42 days (ncv42d). Swine breeds were  Duroc (DD), Hampshire (HH) and Yorkshire (YY), their reciprocal crosses and backcrosses. From SAS® means were estimated by PROC MEANS, means transposition by PROC TRANSPOSE and the genetic parameters by mean contrast. Means of pure breeds, reciprocal crosses and back crosses were estimated. Comparisons of values from Magofke and Garcia (2001) with those of the SAS® values showed no discrepancies in gMi-j but there was a discrepancy of 6,25% in YY. No discrepancy was found in gIi-j, but in gIi, the discrepancy was not higher than 0,5%. Discrepancy in hM,  in units and percentage, were not higher than 0,2%. The higher discrepancy in hMi-j was 5,37%. Discrepancies were in function of rounding figures and significant figures being considerate. SAS® routine estimated correctly the genetic parameters.


The VR engine supports only a few input devices limitable. Sometimes the developer cannot use the input device that he is going to use. Economically, it is a heavy burden to purchase another VR engine or extra options to use special input devices because it is very expensive. To solve this problem, we propose the wrapper classes that the input devices are interchangeable with the VR engine. We developed the wrapper classes that consist of the USB camera class and the joystick class. Each class can acquire an external image and control the joystick in the VR engine. The VR engine used in our approach is Vega Prime. To verify the performance of the wrapper classes we proposed, we developed 'driving and image recognition simulator' by adding the wrapper classes to API of the Vega Prime. The tests result was interchange with Vega Prime without any problems. The wrapper classes we proposed are general classes that other input devices can use easily by adding some functions, because it conforms to the standard of input device. Development of like this wrapper classes are very important elements that embodied an actual feeling virtual reality. It provides an effective and economical work environment.


A new 4-D hyperchaotic two-scroll system with three quadratic nonlinearities and a cubic nonlinearity is proposed in this paper. The dynamical properties of the new hyperchaotic system are described in terms of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, symmetry, dissipativity, etc. We also establish that the new hyperchaotic system has multistability with coexisting attractors. As a control application, we use integral sliding mode control for active self-synchronization of the new hyperchaotic systems as master-slave systems. As an engineering application, an electronic circuit design of the new hyperchaotic two-scroll system is developed in MultiSIM, which confirms the feasibility of the system.


To determine the content of silicon in ferromanganese in metallurgy industry ,Gravimetric method or Volumetric analysis by potassium fluosilicate is usually adopted .But in this article we dissolve sample with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and determine the amount of silicon by adopting molybdosilicic acid spectrophotometry .The experiment proved that this method is rapid and accurate. The determination range of silicon is 0.005%-10.00% and the content of Silicon accord with the Bill Law when it's in 0-6×10-6 g/mL.


One of the problems in the cultivation of carp (Cyprinus carpio) is disease attack caused by bacteria and viruses. Disease prevention and prevention efforts can be done by increasing the immunity of fish. This study aims to determine the dose of noni (Morinda citrifolia) leaf extract effective to improve non-specific response and survival of carp. Experimental study using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications with treatment A (0 g / kg of feed), treatment B (5 g / kg of feed), C treatment (10 g / kg of feed) The addition of 5g / kg of feed showed the best result to increase leukocyte and survival among other treatments during 28 days maintenance .


It is encouraging to be able to report again this year that the quality of new piano music for children has continued to maintain its high level. Along with the usual collection of workmanlike pieces in conventional idiom, there has been a noticeable and not unexpected increase in the quantity of atonal and dissonant teaching pieces; linear writing in general seems to be gaining more of a foothold. This is not to say that composers have abandoned completely the common-practice harmonic style which is so indispensable to the beginning pianist-there is an abundance of well-wrought and fresh little pieces in this genre. But the tendency of many younger composers seems to be in the direction of freeing the beginning pianist from the constricting bonds of conventional pianism by taking advantage of the full resources of the instrument, with appropriate regard to the technical limitations of small hands. While contemporary music may not always elicit an immediate response from every student, the best of it does have the power to lift the alert and inquisitive young pianist to new heights of musical experience, by expanding his horizons and stretching his powers of concentration, imagination, and musical sensitivity. Not all the recommended items in the following survey are extremely dissonant or atonal; indeed, the majority would be regarded as middleof-the-road. But each piece was selected for its intrinsic value and interest as a musical composition and as stimulating teaching material, challenging to both student and teacher.


The translation of the relics of Saint Zenobius, Bishop of Florence, from the Ambrosian Basilica (later dedicated to Saint Lawrence) to the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour (later dedicated to Saint Reparata) is known from medieval legends and references in the literature. Significant details associated with the actual lived eperience of the translation provide indications of civic and ecclesial sentiment, which find expression in the symbolic presentation - at once sponsal and paternal - of the patron saint in relation to his city : the bishop's indissoluble bond with his cathedral church


Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) describes actions in which employees are willing to go above and beyond their prescribed role requirements. This paper analyzes the basic concept and dimensions of OCB, discusses the motives of OCB, presents the implications for practitioners. \;


The teleost neurocranium houses the brain and sense organs, articulates with the upper jaw and suspensorium, and provides the attachment site for muscles involved in feeding, ventilation and locomotion. Serrasalmid fishes (piranhas and pacus) exhibit variation in diet, body shape and habitat that all may influence the evolution of neurocranium shape. In addition, serrasalmids are otophysans with well-developed hearing provided by modified ears and anterior vertebrae that may also influence otic neurocranium morphology. We conducted a 3D geometric morphometrics analysis on high-resolution tomographic data (micro-computed tomography) from 54 museum specimens to measure neurocranium shape variation and disparity among 20 species from the three major serrasalmid clades. We found broad shape variation among species that was explained by phylogenetic history and ecology and related to features such as orbit size and skull depth. Pterotic spine length was longest in carnivorous piranhas and impacts the anatomy of the adductor musculature involved in biting. We found evidence that the otic neurocranium is a separate evolutionary module influenced by both phylogeny and ecology. Lagenar bulla size and position differed among ecological groups and thus sound may vary in importance among species. Small bullae were found in rheophilic herbivores that live among noisy rapids. Thus, serrasalmid neurocranium shape may vary with the relative size of sense organs and with functional aspects of feeding and prey handling.


The films of three kinds of 3-butyl-1-methyl-imidazolium base ionic liquids with thickness of 2 nm were prepared on hydroxyl-terminated and amino-terminated Si substrates by dip-coating method. As anions, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and adipate, respectively, were chosen. The tribological performances of these thin films were examined by the determination of the film durability and friction coefficient by means of a UMT-2MT tribometer using a steel ball as counterpart. The morphologies of worn surfaces were investigated by a non-contact interferometric microscope. The findings showed that 3-butyl-1-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate having the poorest hydrophilicity of the ionic liquids exhibited the best tribological properties on aminated Si surface at 0.4 N and 4 Hz.


"The Court considers that the Commission should give due consideration to the principles of clarity of objectives, simplification, realism, transparency and accountability when designing new and revising existing interventions."


The educational thought of YAN Fu is in the combination of education with practice in pursuit of saving the nation as his aim,in appreciation of communication of the Chinese culture and the western culture as the basic features of his research,and in establishing the theory of Illuminating the People's Wisdom as his core of the thought.His thought is not only out of the cotemporary educational thought cognition but also his educational concept and practice make great influence on the modern educational development in China.


This paper proposes the use of curvilinear stiffeners as a mechanism to control supersonic panel flutter. To account for transverse shear deformation, the plate and stiffeners are modeled according...


American Philosophical Society in 1955, honorary member of the Deputazione di Storia Patria per la Venezia in 1961, and fellow of the Medieval Academy and member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1964. A bibliography of his work appeared in the 1966 volume of collected studies, and this was updated in the 1980 issue of this JOURNAL dedicated to him. A complete bibliography will be published in a forthcoming issue of the Italian journal, Ateneo veneto.


Objective: To report our experience with the management of two cases of chronic tubal pregnancy by laparoscopic surgery. Case 1: A 37-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a small amount of genital bleeding at 10 weeks and 3 days of gestation, calculated from the date of her last menstrual period. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was elevated to 108.5 mIU/mL and transvaginal sonography (TVS) revealed a 52-mm diameter of irregularly shaped left periovarian mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed a periovarian cystic mass with suspicion of an old hemorrhage. We performed laparoscopic left salpingectomy after the diagnosis of chronic left tubal pregnancy. Case 2: A 31-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with suspected left tubal abortion at 16 weeks and 1 day of gestation. Both TVS and MRI revealed a left periovarian mass with a diameter of 40 mm. After the mass was diagnosed as chronic left tubal pregnancy under laparoscopic vision, left fallopian tube was preserved by salpingotomy. She achieved twin pregnancy by ovulation induction with clomiphene 7 months after laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: Although preoperative diagnosis of chronic tubal pregnancy is difficult, laparoscopic approach would be feasible, especially when salpingotomy would be performed for future fertility preservation.


In smart grid, a flexible demand response management mechanism is used
to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the power grid, optimizing the power market, and rationally allocating
resources. There are two types of demand response management in the demand response
management mechanism: Price-based Demand Response (PDR) and Incentive-based Demand Response
(IDR).

The paper studied the problem of privacy protection in IDR, and proposed a method based
on database digital watermark to protect user privacy. Segment the time, and then embed watermarks
in the user's consumption data of each time segment. At the end of each billing period, extract the
watermarks from the data of each segment time, and then send the total consumption data of the user
of this billing period to the power supply company. The power supply company only knows the total
consumption data of the user, the company does not have any information regarding the users consumption
data which can prevent them from snooping the user privacy. The proposed digital watermarking
algorithm is based on K-Means clustering and wavelet transform, the K-Means algorithm is
used to cluster the database tuple data, and then wavelet transform is carried out on the available attribute
values within the clusters, and the watermark is embedded in the transformed attribute values.

The experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust when the database is
under subset deletion attacks, subset substitution attacks and subset addition attacks. Besides, the
computational cost is very low.

The proposed digital watermark algorithm can embed the watermarks more decently
and overcome the burden of watermark embedding caused by statistical feature control. Besides, the
proposed method can protect the user privacy better than the other two methods.


In this paper we design and analyze a uniform preconditioner for a class of high order Discontinuous Galerkin schemes. The preconditioner is based on a space splitting involving the high order conforming subspace and results from the interpretation of the problem as a nearly-singular problem. We show that the proposed preconditioner exhibits spectral bounds that are uniform with respect to the discretization parameters, i.e., the mesh size, the polynomial degree and the penalization coefficient. The theoretical estimates obtained are supported by several numerical simulations.


Abstract Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been submitted to oscillatory ball milling at room temperature and at -196°C. The effects of moisture content (MC) and cryogenic milling on the morphology and crystallinity of cellulose were investigated. At room temperature, MC had a significant effect on particle morphology and it was possible to produce powders of smaller particle size and rounder shape when the wood feed had a lower MC. Under cryogenic conditions, MC had less influence on the morphology, and the particle size was even smaller than that produced under ambient conditions. The degree of cellulose crystallinity in the milled wood was influenced by the MC of the feed, milling time, and milling temperature.


Objective To study the clinical efficacy of three different fixation methods in the treatment of elderly femoral intertrochanteric comminuted fractures. Methods Elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric comminuted fractures were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the observation group receiving dynamic hip screw(DHS) internal fixation treatment,the control group 1 receiving anatomical locking bone plate internal fixation treatment and the control group 2 receiving anatomical compression bone plate internal fixation treatment. The surgery related indicators and healing related indicators were observed. Results The observation group was significantly lower than the control group 1 and the control group 2 in the patient's blood loss amount,postoperative drainage amount,postoperative time in bed,imaging complete healing time and full weight bearing ambulation time; The control group1 had longer operative time than the control group 2 and the observation group. Conclusion The dynamic hip screw(DHS) internal fixation treatment is conducive to reducing surgical trauma,promoting postoperative recovery and improving hip function,thus of positive clinical value.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the basic dynamics of corn straw hemicellulose hydrolysis by the solid acid.[Method] The optimal solid acid class,solid-solid ratio,solid-liquid ratio were determined by the single factor experiment.Then,under the above best condition,the influences of reaction temperature and time on the hydrolysis rate of hemicellulose were comprehensively inspected.[Result] The optimal reaction condition of corn straw hemicellulose hydrolysis by the solid acid:number 2 solid acid as the catalyst,the solid-solid ratio was 1∶1,the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶15,the reaction temperature was 100 ℃,and the reaction time was 10 h.Under the optimal condition,the soluble total sugar concentration was 34.7 g/L,and the hydrolysis rate of hemicellulose was 93.8%.[Conclusion] The research provided the basic dynamics data for the optimization and amplification design of corn straw hydrolysis technics by the solid acid.


pages, devoted to the description of one particular disease in one particular organ of the body: and yet every page bears the stamp of much patient investigation and careful diligence bestowed upon the composition before it was committed to the press. Dr. Baring has dived deeply into the writings of his predecessors and his contemporaries, and, with one or two slight exceptions, we believe there is not an author who has published on the subject of fungus during the last five and thirty years whose opinions are not


Union and quality of work life (QWL) are closely related. Various concepts came in the catchshell of QWL; Implementation of QWL requires to introduce few reforms. These reforms bring changes in the organization, which is likely to resist by the workers or unions, on the magnitude of the suspicion developed in the mind of workers due sudden change in the attitude management. The concepts viz. union, QWL, unions concern, union and QWL, implementation of QWL in union, has discussed in the present article. The allegation generally found between employer and employees that, employer state workers are more conscious about their rights and not responsibilities and vice versa. In fact, both workers and management are equally aware of their rights and responsibilities. Management has their own concerns towards workers as well workers have few concerns towards management. Besides paving these concerns, the suspicious and bickering environment widen the chasm of misunderstanding, and adversely affects on industrial relations. Union is the better vehicle that management can use to strengthen the industrial relations and improve QWL. In fact, union plays pivotal role to improve QWL in the organisation by various ways; few to quote that, union open up channel for upward communication to reach top management with its problems and demands. These problems are generally consisted safety, improvement in working environment and increase in monetary compensation. Improvement in such aspects leads to improve QWL.


The author of article investigates concept of interest and the conflict of interests with reference to civil law theory. The special attention addresses on the problems arising in connection with an anticorruption duty of state servants to transfer securities and other property in trust management for prevention of the conflict of interests.


Background Methods Findings Conclusions Before COVID‐19, people with intellectual disabilities were digitally excluded, facing difficulties accessing and using technology. The pandemic outbreak closed down many in‐person services and supports for this population.This study examined changes in technology use to support the healthcare and social connections of older adults with intellectual disability in Ireland (n = 682) during COVID‐19. Decision tree analyses explored factors associated with using technology for health and social connection;and to explore relationships between technology use and subjective outcomes of stress/anxiety and of positives during this period.Technology use for healthcare and social connection increased during COVID‐19, but not enough to make up for the loss of in‐person care/connection. Residence type was associated with increased use of technology for healthcare utilisation, with the highest rates among community group home residents and the lowest among those in independent/family settings. Increased technology use to speak with both family and friends was associated with prior digital skills and digital access. Increased technology use was significantly associated with both positive and negative experiences during the pandemic.The COVID‐19 pandemic offered an opportunity for increased digital connection for older adults with intellectual disabilities, but not all benefitted. Those with prior skills, available supports, and the greatest need to connect were more likely to enhance their use of technology. The complexity of the COVID‐19 period, including the general impact on mental health and well‐being, means that the role technology played in supporting quality of life and mitigating stress/anxiety needs further and longer‐term investigation. [ FROM AUTHOR]


1. IntroductionJust as the rapid melting of the Polar caps has unexpectedly turned distanced and dim economic possibilities into viable geo-economic and geopolitical probabilities, so it was with the unexpected and fast meltdown of Russia's historic empire - the Soviet Union. Once considered as the Russian inner lake, the Caspian has presented itself as an open/high sea of opportunities literally overnight - not only for the (new, increased number of) riparian states, but also for the belt of (new and old) neighboring, and other interested (overseas) states.Interest of external players ranges from the symbolic or rather rhetorical, to the global geopolitical, from an antagonizing political conditionality and constrain to the pragmatic trade-off between political influence and energy supply gain. We can identify three most important categories of interests in the Caspian as:1) Energy-related economic (and political) interests: referring to the gas and oil resources hidden in the Caspian and their exploitation,2) Non-energy related economic interests: extensive fishing options and additionally, the costly and luxurious caviar of the Caspian Sea,3) Strategic positioning of the Caspian; location, that is not only part of numerous European/Asian/Middle/Eastern crossroads but also applies different ways for setting future pipeline routes, that are (considering what is at stake) part of larger geostrategic and geo-economic considerations (Zeinolabedin, Yahyaour and Shirzad 2009, p. 116).In this interest driven and conflicting mixture we cannot neglect the power and influence of largest transnational corporations along with new non- state players, which are influencing the regional stability, equilibrium of interests and policy making process. Hereby we refer to organized radical Islamic groups, organized crime groups and international and nongovernmental organizations, concerned with human rights, democracy building and ecological issues. Additionally, let us not disregard big consumers like China, India or the European Union (EU) that are driven by their own energy imperative: to improve their energy security (including the reduction of external dependencies) as well as to diversify their supplies, modes and forms in the long run. This energy imperative and strive for energy security is, relative to the demand, also of utmost importance when it comes to geopolitics of energy in the Caspian.On a promise of these allegedly vast oil and natural gas resources (most of which untapped), the Caspian is witnessing the "New Grand Game" - struggle for the domination and influence over the region and its resources as well as transportation routes. Notably, the Caspian is a large landlocked water plateau without any connection with the outer water systems. Moreover, 3 out of 5 riparian states are land-locking Caspian, but are themselves landlocked too. (Former Soviet republics of) Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have no direct access to any international waters. That means that pipelines remain the only mode of transportation and delivery of carbonic fuels, thus creating yet another segment for competition, and source of regional tension as the 3 riparian states do depend on their neighbors for export routes.Finally, due to both the not yet officially resolved legal status of the Basin as well as the number of political and territorial disputes in Caucasus and on the Caspian, numerous new pipeline constructions and expansion projects have been proposed, but so far not realized. For the EU, the most important was the Nabucco pipeline, which although not fully guaranteed, served as the hope for reduced dependence on Russia. As of now this goal is currently becoming more and more relevant because of the added complexity to this pending energy issue. Hereby we are referring to the ongoing crisis in Ukraine and the accompanying process of western alienation from Russia in general. This strategic reorientation might not be risk-free for the EU, especially if we consider that the Union, in the terms of energy supply, has no alternative option at present state. …


Global environmental assessments have many purposes: to measure changes, advance knowledge, and predict the future to enhance the scientific basis for policy making; to share data and improve management of resources for promotion of economic and social advancement; to strengthen peace, security, and cooperation in international relations; and to verify targets set by the international community on environmental variables and living resources.


The research is aimed to find out what are the factors that influenced non adherence of diabetics regiment behavior, to find out the kinds of non adherence diabetics behavior, and to find out what is the reason that caused diabetics does not adherence to take a medical treatment. The subjects of this research were 2 people; they are diabetics, who do not have adherence behavior to experiencing medication, they are more than 50 years old, and have suffered from diabetes for more than 3 years. The data were collected with 3 methods that are observation and interview methods and psychological testing (DAM), and tested with interview and observation result transcript analysis, and interpretation of psychological test result. Based on the result, there are 7 factors that influencing non adherence behavior of diabetics on taking the medical treatments, they are patients have wrong understanding of diabetes experrancing disease, lack of knowledge about a risk if impinge the treatment regiment (medication), difficulties of communication between the doctor and patients, the wrong belief and perception about the disease, family and social (significant others) supports, attitude towards health treatment system, and individual characteristic of the patients, The result of research also shows that kinds of non adherence behavior of diabetics on experiencing treatment regiment (medication) can be seen from 5 matters, they are the irregular schedule of doctor control, stopping consuming medicine that not following the rules, impinge the rules of eat pattern which doctor has suggested, irregular exercise, and irregular and even undone bloods sugar levels checking. The reasons of non adherence diabetics on experiencing treatment regiment (medication), they are abundant trust of traditional medicine, feeling slack and tire feeling of the patient, bad communication between doctor and patients. Also, the diabetics personality such as less confidence level tendencies, less acceptance of challenge and reality, and unstable emotional condition influence a non adherence diabetic 's behavior in experiencing treatment regiment (medication).


OF THESIS CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO BIOCHARS DERIVED FROM HORSE MUCK AND THEIR ABILITY TO REDUCE PATHOGEN TRANSPORT IN SOIL Biochars have been created and characterized from a variety livestock manure biomass including poultry, dairy, and swine. However, no research has been conducted on the physical and chemical makeup of biochar pyrolyzed from horse muck. Two horse muck derived biochars containing either straw (HS) or woodchip (HW) bedding were pyrolyzed at 700C and characterized for their physical and chemical properties. Tests revealed both biochars had high alkalinity, moderate specific conductivity, and low surface area as compared to other biochars in the literature. HS contained more mineral structures than HW. Scanning electron microscopy presented differences in particle shape, size, and presence of xylemic structures. The chemical makeup of both biochars was similar, while HW contained about 23% more C than HS while HS contained more calcium and magnesium. The effect of biochar-amended soils on the transport of two Escherichia coli isolates was studied using saturated soil columns. The results show that HW significantly reduced the transport of isolate SP2B07 over the Soil control, and reduced the transport of isolate SP2B07 more than isolate SP1H01. Horse muck biochars may show promise in reducing bacterial transport though agricultural soils.


Rich on intercultural competence but poor in sharing An analysis of an innovative project on cultural awareness in a public organisation Iben Jensen, Aalborg University A public research institution initiates to an innovative project about cultural awareness. The aim of the project is 1) to professionalize their international cooperation, while working in a global context (EU, Asia, Latin America and Africa), 2) Optimize the welcome procedures and integration of employees with international background. I have participated in the project as a facilitator and action-researcher. The aim of this paper is to present my preliminary analysis of the innovation process, as I have experienced as both facilitator and researcher. Most of the analysis is based upon written material and interviews and only a smaller part is based upon my observation at the workplace. The analytical questions I have asked in the analysis are: 1. To which extent have the discourses regarding the concept of culture related to international cooperation changed during the innovation period? Have the discourses related to the international employees changed during the innovation period? 2. To which extent have practices, suggested by working groups counting employees from diffferent departments, changed? 3. Where are the seeds for change? Where are the holes for stagnation or even going backward? These questions will be discussed on the basic of an analysis of 1) an introduction day for all employees, 2) the discussions from working groups on the themes a) language, b) meetings, c) international cooperation and 3) questionnaires on all employees' self-evaluation of their intercultural competence. The paper will furthermore discuss whether the project might have benefitted from taking in the aspect of power and hierarchy in an earlier state.


Abstract: The article defines the features of state regulation of investment activities of insurance companies in Ukraine. The study highlights the main problems and constraints of the domestic insurance market. The measures of improving the investment performance of insurers at the state level are proposed. Keywords: investment activity of insurance companies, government regulation of investment activities of insurers, insurance reserves, the assets of insurance companies, the government control.The need of state regulation of investment operations of insurers can be explained by the fact that insurance is a necessary element of social and market economy, and protect the interests of each insurer should the government that monitors compliance with the balance of interests of all market economy. Investment approach to insurance in Ukraine is still underdeveloped. However, the importance of the proper investing is becoming increasingly obvious to most domestic companies.A significant contribution to the study of problems of formation and regulation of the insurance market, including the investment of insurance companies have made such scholars as V. D. Bazylevych, A. I. Baranovski, A. V. Vasilenko, O. A. Hamankova, S. S. Osadets, A.A.Slyusarenko, V. M.Furman and others. The features of insurance asset management companies were brought up in papers of scientists such as S.V. Berezina, N. M. Nikulina, A. A. Suprun and N. V. Tkachenko.In view of the possible manifestations of economic instability in the future, it is necessary to pay great attention to the development of the insurance market in Ukraine, especially in investment activity of insurers, because it is an effective recipient of risk and a mean of accumulation and allocation of financial resources.In order to protect policyholders from the failure by the insurer of its obligations there is established state control over the investment activities. The role of investment activity of insurance companies, which is


In education, essay is considered as the best tool to evaluate student's high order thinking and understanding. In the other hand, manual processing and grading essay answers by a teacher need much time and tending to subjectivity grading. Meanwhile automatic essay grading in e-learning system find the difficulties in comparing model or key answer to student's answer because student's can answer the question with so various way. That means a right answer also can be so various, while they have same semantic meaning. This paper proposed automatically score the essay using Latent Semantic Analysis. But before the texts being scored, they will be pre-processed using stop words removal and synonym checking. Calibration process implemented for dealing with the various possible right answer. Implementation of this approach using Java Programming Language and WordNet as lexical database that needed to search the synonyms of every given words. The accuracy obtained by this method is 54.9289%.


This article is analyzed the political-legal discussion of Court by preparation of the Federal constitutional law «About the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation». Observed influence of various ideas and pragmatic approaches to definition the status of this court. For the first time new archival documents are introduced in scientific use of investigated problems.


Introduction: Decreased Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been reported in hypothyroidism. Nitrate consumption is associated with increased serum NO metabolites, nitrate and nitrite (NOx). The aim of this study was to evaluate NOx levels in serum and heart, aorta, and lung tissues of the offspring of hypothyroid rats. Materials and Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced in female rats using 6-n-propylthiouracil in drinking water from the beginning to the end of gestation. Fetal male offspring with and without fetal hypothyroidism were followed until adulthood and then divided into four groups including the control and hypothyroidism groups with injection of sodium nitrate (10 mg/kg, ip), and the control and hypothyroidism groups without injection. NOx concentrations in serum and tissue samples were measured using the Griess assay. Results: Serum NOx concentrations in both groups reached a maximum one hour after nitrate injection. NOx level decreased in both groups after the first hour with a steeper slope in fetal hypothyroid rats. Heart and aorta NOx concentrations were significantly lower than controls in fetal hypothyroid group. Following nitrate injection, the NOx concentration in the controls group increased in the heart and lung tissues, but significant increases were observed in all three tissues in the fetal hypothyroid group. Conclusion: NOx metabolism differs in fetal hypothyroid and control rats and the role of thyroid hormones in NOx metabolism persists until adulthood.


Gerard Ridgway, John Ashburner Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, UK Summary • t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) allows high-dimensional neuroimaging data to be visualised in two-dimensions • t-SNE's sophisticated nonlinear optimality criterion leads to better visualisations than simple linear multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) • As an unsupervised machine learning method, t-SNE has the potential to discover patterns of individual variability from unlabelled data Background Multivariate machine learning methods are becoming increasingly popular in neuroimaging. Research has focussed on either supervised classification and regression (Formisano et al., 2008) or unsupervised independent component analysis (Smith et al., 2009), but dimensionality reduction and visualisation techniques could also be of great utility. MDS can reveal patterns such as clusters or outliers in the distribution of multivariate samples (Kherif et al., 2003), by preserving inter-point distances in a low dimensional representation. However, this intuitive goal is often overly concerned with the largest distances. t-SNE (van der Maaten and Hinton, 2008) offers improved visualisation, using an objective function based on Kullback-Leibler divergence between Gaussian joint probabilities in the highdimensional space and t-distributed joint probabilities in the low dimensional space, where the heavy tails help to avoid crowding. We use van der Maaten's implementation of t-SNE, with default parameters and multi-start optimisation. Morphometric Data (IXI) T1-weighted MRI for 550 subjects from the IXI dataset were processed with SPM8 and geodesic shooting (Ashburner and Friston, 2011). Two kernel matrices were constructed, one from VBMprocessed grey matter, and one from smoothed 'scalar momentum' maps (Qiu and Miller, 2008). These were converted to inter-subject distance matrices for t-SNE. Unsupervised visualisations were subsequently labelled by gender and age or scanning site, revealing associations with each aspect. Figure 1: t-SNE on grey matter for IXI data, coloured by age and labelled by gender.


We characterize the formal charge as Co + d 8 , consistent with the gap, with itssite symmetry, and with its lack of moment. The Sb states are characterized as px (separately, py) �-bonded Sb4 ring states occupied and the corresponding antibonding states empty. The remaining (locally) pz orbitals form molecular orbitals with definite parity centered on the empty 2a site in the skutterudite structure. Eight such orbitals must be occupied; the one giving the linear band is an odd orbital singlet A2u at the zone center. We observe that the provocative linearity of the band within the gap is a consequence of the aforementioned near-degeneracy, which is also responsible for the small band gap. PACS numbers:


We consider single-server queueing systems with bulk arrivals. We assume that the number of arrivals and the expected number of arrivals in each bulk is bounded by some constants B and A, respectively. Subject to these constraints, we use convexity arguments to show that the bulk-size probability distribution that results in the worst mean queue length is an extremal distribution, with support {1, B} and mean equal to A. Furthermore, this distribution remains the worst one even if an adversary were allowed to choose the bulk-size distribution at each arrival instant as a function of past queue sizes; that is, an open-loop strategy for the adversary is as bad as any closed-loop strategy. These results are proven for a model with deterministic arrivals and for the G/lM/1 queue with bulk arrivals.


663e 2. Ersoz HO, Onde ME, Terekeci H, Kurtoglu S, Tor H. Causes of gynaecomastia in young adult males and factors associated with idiopathic gynaecomastia. Int J Androl. 2002;25:312–316. 3. Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med. 1993;328: 490–495. 4. Mieritz MG, Christiansen P, Jensen MB, et al. Gynaecomastia in 786 adult men: Clinical and biochemical findings. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176:555–566. 5. Costanzo PR, Pacenza NA, Aszpis SM, et al. Clinical and etiological aspects of gynecomastia in adult males: A multicenter study. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:8364824.


The green wall concept has been introduced as one of the solutions to reduce energy demand for ventilation requirements while improving the natural vegetation in dense urban areas. Past studies revealed that the energy-saving of green walls can vary substantially, from 35% to 90% across countries such as United Kingdom (UK), Canada, Russia, Greece, China, Saudi Arabia, India, and Brazil. Given these differences in energy saving of green walls due to climatic conditions and other reasons, direct application of such findings to the Sri Lankan context is questionable. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the thermal performance of green wall applications in Sri Lanka through a case study analysis of an indirect green façade with a comparative conventional wall. The required data were extracted through on-site temperature measurements from different points of both the exterior and interior wall surfaces of each building in different time intervals per day for a period of fourteen days spanning from October to November. The analysis shows that the green walls contribute to 21% - 36% of temperature difference compared to the conventional wall. Eventually, this results in 0.06 kWh of energy-saving per m2 of wall area, and thereby green walls contribute to the 80% energy saving for ventilation requirements. Hence, the study recommends that the use of green walls can be considered as one of the energy efficiency solutions while improving natural vegetation in tropical climatic cities and absorbing other benefits of green walls.


PurposeDue to social enterprises' (SEs) relevance to social value creation, marketing increases its attention to these hybrid organizations. However, there is no consensus on how strategic marketing can improve SE performance. Thus, this paper aims to discuss how commercial, social and societal strategic marketing approaches relate to compensatory and transformative social entrepreneurship scopes to improve SE performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual. We hold discussions and raise reflections to advance knowledge on both marketing and social entrepreneurship fields, more precisely by intertwining them.FindingsWe develop a conceptual model for adapting three strategic marketing approaches to compensatory and transformative SEs. We argue that SEs have three types of performances: commercial, social and societal. Social and commercial strategic marketing are essential for SEs acting in compensating local failures of capitalism. Societal and commercial strategic marketing are essential for SEs focused on transformative actions to changing global system. Such relations can leverage social impact, which we conceptualize as compensatory or transformative.Practical implicationsThe model contributes to improvements on strategic marketing decisions by marketers and entrepreneurs in social entrepreneurship.Originality/valueWe propose a decomposition of strategic marketing into three approaches: commercial, social and societal, which constitutes a novelty to the field. This can facilitate management of SEs with different actions and performances, whether at local or international levels.


A tip for a pipette barrel, especially a vacuum pipette barrel, is characterized in that it has a means (4-5) for automatically ejecting the substrate which has been picked up when the vacuum is cut off.


Objectives: Network Coding-based Spatial Air Index (NCSAI) has been proposed for improving query performance of continuous k-nearest neighbor queries in road networks. Methods: Due to unreliable nature of wireless links, network coding has been playing an important role in wireless environments and improves scalability and throughput. In this work,NCSAI has been adapted using XOR-based network coding because it is simple and efficient coding strategy. Findings: Experiments have been conducted for evaluating query performance, the experimental result show that performance of NCSAI better than state-of-the-art Network Partition Index (NPI). Improvements: We can improve the performance of NCSAI by adapting an efficient network coding strategies.


In 2016-2017 PERHUMAS Muda Malang Raya organization began to form and compare itself again after 3 years of vacuum. The rebranding is due to several factors, including repairing and updating the image; the desire to give birth to professional public relations candidates who have soft skills and public relations hard skills and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out how the rebranding strategy carried out by PERHUMAS Muda Malang Raya.
Rebranding aims to form a new identity and image for an organization or company. Muzzelec, has formulates the stages of rebranding namely repositioning, redesign, nemaning and relaunching. To find out the stages of rebranding PERHUMAS Muda Malang Raya, the research conducted a research with a qualitative descriptive approach with collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. To obtain the data needed, researchers chose the Purpossive Sampling technique, the selection subjects based on certain criteria. In this case the researcher obtained as many as 12 subjects studied.
The results of the study showed that the rebranding strategy by PERHUMAS Muda Malang Raya applied Phase-In/Phase Out Strategy and applied one of the four elements of rebranding theory proposed by Muzzelec, namely Repositioning. Included in the rebranding level at the Intermediate Change level is a change that focuses on changing the positioning and use of market strategies, especially communication to build a new image.


Meeting in late December 1978, the fourth plenum of the 17th MPRP Central Committee concluded that there were serious shortcomings in the utilization of modern equipment in many enterprises since many production units lacked the expertise to take advantage of available resources. Consequently, it was decided that some units with "leading experience" should be designated from which other units could learn.' The fifth plenum, held on April 25, 1979, heard reports from Comrade J. Tumenjargal, first Secretary of the Hobd Aimag MPRP Committee, "On the Work of Hobd Aimag Party Organization in Introducing Leading Experiences in Agricultural Production," and by Comrade P. Damdin, MPR Minister of Light and Food Industry, "On the Work of the MPR Ministry of Light and Food Industry in Introducing Ex-


: Objective: To analyze the impact of educational games on the rehabilitation of older people with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: According to the simple neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), 60 older people with Alzheimer's disease who received treatment in this study from April 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the research subjects [1]. The most presented data was recorded. The paired sample analysis method divided them into a control group (30 people) and an experimental group (30 people). The control group was given conventional medication only, and the experimental group was given puzzle game therapy. After the experiment, the mental state and cognitive function of the two groups of older people were compared. Results: 1) The experimental group changed significantly on the NPI questionnaire. 2) The indicators of the experimental group are better than those of the control group. The condition of the control group tends to worsen, and the experimental group's condition tends to get better. Conclusion: Virtual reality puzzle games can improve the mental state and cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease to a certain extent and positively affect the rehabilitation of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease [2].


Abstract The processes controlling accumulation and preservation of the Tensleep Sandstone eolian units in the Bighorn Basin are distinct, and have different effects on reservoir heterogeneity. Accumulation is the net deposition of sediments within an eolian system, whereas preservation marks the entrance of the sediments into the stratigraphic record. Accumulation of the Upper Tensleep Sandstone in the Bighorn Basin occurred within a dry eolian system, that is, one in which accumulation occurs as a result of aerodynamic controls and is unaffected by the local water table. Conversely, preservation of the Upper Tensleep was caused by the relative rise of sea level that placed the area below the regional base-level of erosion. The orientation and character of the bounding surfaces and internal laminations of eolian facies in the Tensleep indicate that the ergs were dominated by large compound bedforms that were affected by annual fluctuations in airflow. Reservoir heterogeneity can be considered on different scales within the Upper Tensleep Sandstone. Small-scale heterogeneities, such as stratification type, bounding surfaces, and lateral variations in microscopic pore structure, are the result of variations in the character of the bedforms during accumulation. These variations in fabric, along with drive type and fluid mobility ratio, govern sweep efficiency and ultimate recovery. Large-scale heterogeneities, represented by the areally extensive marine dolomites within the Upper Tensleep, are controlled by longer-term variations in preservation space as influenced by relative sea-level fluctuations. These features govern overall reservoir continuity and, along with tectonic fabric, reservoir size. Delineation of these sedimentary processes and the resulting rock fabrics will enhance future incremental production from the Upper Tensleep Sandstone, Wyoming.


The allelopathic potentials of root exudates of W. trilobata on Chinese cabbage(Brassica parachinensis Bailey) were studied.Firstly,the root exudates of W.trilobata reduced the seed germination percentage of Chinese cabbage as well as the leaf chlorophyll content,the net photosynthetic rate,the root activity,the fresh root weight,the fresh weight of aerial part and the plant height.Secondly,it significantly inhibited Chinese cabbage's activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase and peroxidases.Finally, the root exudates of W.trilobata significantly reduced the activities of nitrate reductase and the key enzyme concerning nitrogen metabolism in plant.Comprehensively,root exudates of W.trilobata interrupted Chinese cabbage's healthy metabolism and normal growth.


It has been known for some years that the intensity variations in sidereal time observed by muon detectors at moderate underground depths are sensitive to the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field (ipmf) near the Earth. There are differences in the response to these anisotropies as observed in the Norhtern and southern hemispheres. When fully understood, the nature of the anisotropy seems likely to provide information on the 3-dimensional structure of the heliomagnetosphere, its time variations, and its linking with the local interstellar field. The summation harmonic dials for the sidereal diurnal variation during 1958 to 1982 show that there is a strong dependence on whether the ipmf near the Earth is directed outwards from the Sun or inwards it.


Evidence of shifts towards atomized relations in the labor market appears to conflict with economic theories of the internal labor market. The problem, however, lies not with the irrelevance of internal labor market systems and broader institutional structures but rather with the misspecification of theoretical analysis. New institutional and labor market segmentation models are typically restricted to a static, dualistic framework of comparative forms of work organization. This paper outlines a dynamic approach to the study of internal labor markets. The authors argue that internal and external competitive pressures mutually interact to shape employer strategy and the relative labor market positions of employees. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.


Challenging the unbelievers, Intermet's Wagner Castings has created much of its own future thanks to unparalleled product development and engineering.


The thermal transitions observed in hydrogels based on interpenetrating networks of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) are explained in a simple thermodynamic framework based on the phase diagram that avoids making use of the hypothesis of different "kinds" of water present in the hydrogel. The features that can be explained on its basis include the melting temperature depression of water, the occurrence of crystallization on heating (even when it was absent upon cooling), and the existence of an amount of noncrystallizable water. Three water concentration regimes can be predicted to exist, which give rise to qualitatively different kinds of thermograms.


The only main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project, the deepest scientific drilling project of all the ICDP projects, reached its depth of over 5000m, from which more than 4400m cores were collected. Hence the scanned core image database of CCSD project is also the largest of all the databases of ICDP projects. After various samplings, some cores have been completely damaged or disappeared. To make full use of the scanned core images, an MS ACCESS database was developed, on the basis of the original DIS system. More than 8000 images (about 100gigabyte) have been efficiently and systematically managed and shared on the Internet with some user-friendly query program and interfaces using the ASP and VB techniques. This new information technology, proved by one year's trial test, can not only store permanently and efficiently the original image data, but also help geologists to study efficiently the cores for their scientific purpose.


Statistics have shown that 80% of the cancer mortality is due to primary bronchogenic cancer. The objective of this study is to show that evaluating the results of MDCT scans is more appropriate for early diagnosis of primary stages of bronchogenic cancer. High resolution 64-MDCT was performed for both groups of study sample; for patients with primary bronchogenic cancer it was done in order to determine or confirm the stage of disease. Any case with positive CT-guided biopsy of peripheral mass or bronchoscopic biopsy of central mass was included in the study. A questionnaire with specific variables was designed at the beginning of study and it was completed for each case during research. Variables were compared between two groups of pathologies (SCLC and NSCLC) using statistical tests. Analysis of variables in two groups of pathologies showed significant statistical difference in direct mediastinal invasion, lymph node involvement, central position, collapse and stage between SCLC and NSCLC (p 0.05). Statistical analysis showed a highly significant relation between direct mediastinal invasion of tumor and pathology result (SCLS or NSCLS). Second great relation was between pathologic results and central position, collapse and lymph node involvement.


We have designed and implemented a framework assisting client-side applications to utilize asynchronous Web services that deliver results by calling back the applications in the context of enterprise network security. This framework can support a number of rich features such as resumable client applications, the Single-Request/Multiple-Response (SRMR) message exchange pattern, intra-enterprise user and terminal mobility, and flexible interaction styles for client applications to communicate with asynchronous Web services. Practical deployment of this framework in a number of cases has illustrated that this framework can effectively minimize development efforts in facilitating client applications that use Web services with callbacks.


An immune ribonucleic acid (iRNA) preparation was made using phenol extracts of spleens of mice previously immunized with Salmonella tennessee flagella. An enzyme, also prepared from the spleens of these mice, induced the incorporation of 3H-UTP into the acid-insoluble fraction in a cell-free system in the presence of this RNA. The enzyme activity could be demonstrated from the spleens of immunized mice but not from normal ones, and this activity was also inhibited by two derivatives of rifamycin. Treatment with ribonuclease or heating at alkaline pH resulted in a loss of activity in added RNA. The 3H-uridine-labeled product was found resistant to ribonuclease treatment but became sensitive when the product was subjected to heat treatment. However, actinomycin D, mitomycin C or bleomycin A2 did not inactivate the enzyme activity. These results suggest that this enzyme induces the incorporation of UTP into the acid-insoluble fraction using iRNA as a template and the product may be a newly synthesized RNA which forms a hybrid with iRNA. This enzyme activity may play a role in the antibody formation process, and may account for the in vivo replication of iRNA by this enzyme, viz., probably an RNA-dependent RNA replicase.


Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for high death frequency every year all over the world. In this regard, efficient drug‐design and discovery towards the prevention of M.tb H37Rv is of prime concern. Prevention of the infection may include vaccination, and the treatment comprises anti‐TB drug regimen. However, the vaccine decreases the risk of tuberculosis infection only to some extent, while drug‐resistance limits the efficacy of the existing anti‐TB agents. Much improvement has to be achieved to overcome pitfalls such as side effects, high‐toxicity, low bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and hence forth in clinical therapeutics. Amongst heterocyclic compounds, N‐heterocycles played a pivotal role in drug‐design and discovery. A wide range of microbial diseases are being treated by the N‐heterocyclic drugs. The present review comprises description of anti‐TB effects of the N‐heterocycles such as indoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and pyrazoles. The potent anti‐TB activity exerted by the derivatives of these heterocycles is evaluated critically alongside emphasizing structure–activity relationship. Besides, docking studies supporting anti‐TB activity is supplemented. Alongside this, based on the potent heterocyclic molecules, the molecular frameworks are designed that would bring about enhanced M. tb H37Rv inhibitory potencies.