The SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) instrument on the MSG (METEOSAT Second Generation) satellite has been producing high-resolution spectral, spatial and temporal data. SEVIRI instrument provides wide opportunities with its 11 narrow band infrared and visible channels in addition to one broadband visible channel for the researchers and forecasters. The Channel Difference and RGB Applications based on the physical features of SEVIRI channels can provide better visualization about the characteristic of the meteorological phenomenon. The possible usages of these applications are detection of cold and warm air mass, convective system, Cb tops, fog, dust and fire. MSGView software has been started to develop at EUMETSAT in 2004 and continued the developed at Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) and being operationally used since 2006 at the forecast centers. This software has capabilities to analyze process and display U-MARF HDF5 formatted MSG SEVIRI data and being used national, international and EUMETSAT's training workshops as computer lab. The software is distributed as free of charge to support to the young and free meteorologists. In this study, MSGView software will present as its capabilities to display channel difference, RGB applications, scatter plot diagrams and other features. Evaluations of training workshops indicates that MSGView is very good tool to make easy the interpretation of MSG images.


Agile methods, when applied to the implementation of large enterprise resource planning (ERP) system projects, present several benefits over traditional non-agile approaches. This study presents several established models for applying Agile to large projects, and then it shows in details how to apply Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) to a large ERP implementation. This study also discusses the critical success factors required for maximizing success in ERP implementation. The study utilizes a multi-vocal literature review to develop a scholar-practitioner view of an ERP system, and then it combines that perspective with our own experience in implementing large ERP projects using SAFe. To the best of our knowledge, this study is a first in establishing SAFe for the implementation of large ERP projects.


In a multiperiod setting, decision-makers can learn about the consequences of their decisions through experimentation. We examine how polarization and political instability affect learning through experimentation. We distinguish two cases: lir the decision to be made is not salient and does not affect the outcome of subsequent elections lexogenous electionsr and liir the decision is salient and the election outcome depends on it lendogenous electionsr. It is shown that while the possibility of learning increases activism, the existence of political instability distorts learning. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, when elections are exogenous, polarization between political parties does not always decrease active learning. Copyright The editors of the "Scandinavian Journal of Economics", 2003 .


We have studied the time evolution of the far-infrared photoresponse of two-dimensional electron systems in the quantum Hall (QH) regime. We have identified different contributions to the photoresponse by using different sample geometries and by changing the direction of the magnetic field. In general, we have found a fast response (microseconds) related to photoinduced Hall currents, and longer response times (up to some hundreds of milliseconds) related to the photoinduced longitudinal resistance. Both types of the response are present in the bolometric response bound to the flanks of the QH plateau, and in the cyclotron resonance signal bound to the photon energy of the probe radiation. We give a qualitative explanation of our results on the basis of impurity-induced potentials for the localization of excited carriers.


OBJECTIVE
Chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The therapeutic potential of chromium histidinate (CrHis) in the treatment of diabetes has been elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of CrHis on serum parameters of renal function, on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 8-isoprostane), and on the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in rats.

METHODS
Male Wistar rats (n=60, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group 1 received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat). Group 2 received a standard diet, plus CrHis. Group 3 received a high-fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks, and was then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 4 was treated in the same way as group 3 (HFD/STZ), but was supplemented with 110 microg CrHis/kg/body weight/day. Oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats was evidenced by an elevation in levels of MDA and 8-isoprostane. Protein concentrations of HSP60 and HSP70 in renal tissue were determined by Western blot analyses.

RESULTS
Chromium histidinate supplementation lowered kidney concentrations of MDA, 8-isoprostane levels, serum urea-N, and creatinine, and reduced the severity of renal damage in the STZ-treated group (i.e., the diabetes-induced group). The expression of HSP60 and HSP70 was lower in the STZ group that received CrHis than in the group that did not. No significant effect of CrHis supplementation was detected in regard to the overall measured parameters in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
Chromium histidinate significantly decreased lipid peroxidation levels and HSP expression in the kidneys of experimentally induced diabetic rats. This study supported the efficacy of CrHis in reducing renal risk factors and impairment because of diabetes.


Two-wheeled mobile robots (TWMRs) have a capability of avoiding the tip-over problem on inclined terrain by adjusting the centre of mass position of the robot body. The effects of terrain inclination on the robot performance are studied to exploit this capability. Prior to the real-time implementation of position control, an estimation of the stability region of the TWMR is essential for safe operation. A numerical method to estimate the stability region is applied and the effects of inclined surfaces on the performance and stability region of the robot are investigated. The dynamics of a TWMR is modelled on a general uneven terrain and reduced for cases of inclined and horizontal flat terrain. A full state feedback (FSFB) controller is designed based on optimal gains with speed tracking on a horizontal flat terrain. The performance and stability regions are simulated for the robot on a horizontal flat and inclined terrain with the same controller. The results endorse a variation in equilibrium points and a reduction in stability region for robot motion on inclined terrain.


e14246 Background: While ICPIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors) have fundamentally changed the practice of cancer therapy for tumors arising from many different tissues, ways to increase both response rate and durability are critically needed. On theoretical grounds, combining stimulators of innate immunity with activators of adaptive immunity should lead to better outcomes. We have therefore created a series of novel Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists that are intended to be combined with activators of adaptive immunity for the treatment of cancer. We have previously reported a series of unusual properties that must be met for successful drug candidates targeting TLR7 intended for chronic and systemic administration for the treatment of cancer. Methods: Key assays in our testing cascade include: cellular reporter assays and hPBMC assays to evaluate selectivity and potency; characterization in cynomolgus monkeys: appropriate PK with active TLR7 agonist, efficient oral delivery into systemic circulation with prodrugs of the TLR7 agonist, and targeted pharmacodynamic response at relevant oral dose (gating for candidate selection); antitumor activity alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutics in syngeneic rodent tumor models. Results: Appropriate potency at and specificity for TLR7 was achieved early in this discovery program. Furthermore, the PK profile after IV administration met our previously defined criteria. However, oral absorption of candidate prodrugs of two lead molecules was limited. In one class of prodrugs this was due to insufficient lipophilicity; in another class this was a consequence of MDR1 activity. Next-generation candidates have been synthesized; these candidates are expected to have substantially better oral delivery in vivo based upon results in predictive in vitro models. Testing in advanced animal models is in progress. Conclusions: From our original starting point - a relatively weak TLR7 agonist with no oral bioavailability - we have invented a novel series of molecules that are designed to be dosed QOD continuously over a 24-month period to appropriately engage innate immunity at a level that is well-tolerated by the patient while increasing treatment response rate and durability.


Three figures in an appendix to the report by Levi et al. show spectra with mass peaks for ions with masses at m ≥ 100. Although some of the ions were no doubt cluster ions, heavier elements might also have been present. We examine two of the figures for possible elements and derive approximate upper bounds on the counts relative to the other peaks in the figures. Ranges of mass peaks are consistent with small amounts of samarium, rhenium, hafnium and other elements. Many of the elements are either α or β emitters.


C-type cubic (Yb1−xTbx)2O3±δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.62) catalysts were synthesized by coprecipitation. Among the samples prepared, (Yb0.50Tb0.50)2O3±δ showed the highest catalytic activity and high tolerabilit...


Pressure Vessel is a vessel to contain both liquid and gasses. The storage tank is one of the tools to contain fluid, so it is an important factor in an industry such as chemistry, oil, and power plants. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel made from vegetable oil that is environmentally friendly and can reduce exhaust emissions in diesel engines. Biodiesel is renewable and reduces engine performance, so it can be used as a solution to overcome the reduced fossil fuel reserves. It is necessary to determine the corrosion rate of biodiesel. This research was conducted by storing biodiesel in the sample tank for 0 day, 1 day, and 4 days after that, the ASTM D-130 copper strip corrosion test was carried out for 3 hours ± 5 minutes. From the research, we know that corrosion rate at indoor had been stored for 4 days and for outdoor at day 0,1 and 4 gets greater corrosion with result 1b( dark orange).


Although HPV‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has good prognosis, a small proportion of patients develop distant metastases and have worse outcomes. Such metastases can be particularly difficult to diagnose in the lung and mediastinum, where they show extensive morphologic overlap with primary pulmonary neoplasms. This case series discusses metastatic HPV‐related HNSCC in lung and mediastinal fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.


Background: The role of ultrasound imaging (US) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is fundamental by sharpen diagnosis, predicting prognosis, monitoring disease activity and identifying remission. The detection of subclinical synovitis and articular inflammatory changes represent the real advantages of this technology. However, joint US is time-consuming, thus identifying the area of subclinical synovitis should be useful to overcome this difficulty. Objectives: We aimed to assess the most profitable joint locations in detecting subclinical synovitis in RA. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of one hundred patients with inflammatory joint pain or synovitis for more than 6 weeks and less than 2 years. All patients were free of conventional or biological DMARD's at inclusion. An experienced radiologist performed the MSUS scan of 22 joints (2 wrists, 10 metacarpophalangeal joints MCP and 10 proximal interphalangeal joints PIP) unaware of clinical and biological findings. MSUS was performed using a Philips HD11. The used frequency ranged from 15 to 17 MHz and we used a Power Doppler (PD). After US assessment, patients were classified as having RA according to ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Results: We enrolled 100 patients (77 women and 23 men) with a mean age of 51.8 years [16–77]. Fifty-five patients (55%) fulfilled the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for the diagnosis of RA. The mean disease duration was 10.96 months [2–24]. Rheumatoid factor and ACPA were positive in 53% and 25% cases respectively. The mean disease activity score at the time of study was 5.36 [1.36–8.61]. A clinical wrist synovitis was found in 92 cases (46%). In the 54 wrists with no clinical synovitis, a total number of US wrist synovitis was detected at 30 (15%) radioulnar (of which half was Doppler +), 91 (45.5%) radiocarpal (of which 60% was Doppler +) and 105 (52.5%) intercarpal joints (of which 67% was Doppler +). Concerning the MCP and PIP joints, the most frequent location of subclinical synovitis were 1st MCP in 51 cases (25.5%), 4th MCP in 49 cases (24.5%), 5th MCP in 50 of cases (25%),1st PIP in 24 cases (12%) and 5th PIP in 22 cases (11%). Conclusions: Our study highlighted the low sensitivity of physical examination of synovitis in hand and wrist joints, especially in some locations. We showed the most frequent location for detecting subclinical synovitis were radiocarpal and intercarpal joint, 1st-4th -5th MCP and 1st-5th PIP. About half of those subclinical synovitis were Doppler +. Disclosure of Interest: None declared


Measurements of the growth rate for the individual secondary recrystallized Goss grain in Fe–3%Si containing AlN and MnSe as grain growth inhibitors were made by the ultrasonic interferometry. It was found that the growth rates in the rolling direction for secondary recrystallized grains varied from 0.3 to 0.6 mm/min, and that the growth rate in the rolling direction is 1.2–1.9 times higher than that of the cross-rolling direction. The set of results were explained in terms of the concept of the "growth advantage" which is defined as the fraction of high-energy grain boundaries having the misorientation angles between 20° and 45° with respect to the specific secondary recrystallized grain in the primary recrystallized grains.


parameters considered (erythrocyteandleucocyte counts, andtotal protein levels) werenotsignificantly different between thecontrol andinfected dogs. No difference inplatelet counts wasobserved between the control dogsandthedogswithleishmaniasis. Similarly, Fontand others (1993) reported normal platelet counts indogswithsigns of renal disease. Incontrast, someauthors havereported thrombocytopenia asa significant finding incanineleishmaniasis (Swenson andothers 1988, Ferrer 1994). Hepatomegaly, hepatic disease andportal hypertension havebeendescribed aspossible causes ofthrombocytopenia. Thethrombocytopenia associated withportal hypertension isprobably duetothesecondary splenomegaly (Center 1989). Inthis study, thepresence ofnormal platelet counts inthedogswithsigns ofhepatic damage mayindicatethat thelesions produced bytheparasites werenotsevere enough tocause portal hypertension andsplenomegaly. Other proposedmechanisms ofthrombocytopenia include decreased production, DICandplatelet boundantibodies; thesemechanisms, however, havenotbeenfully established inthedog.Thedifferent results reported bydifferent authors maybeduetothefact that canine leishmaniasis isachronic disease andbloodsamples are notalways obtained atthesamestage. A prolonged bleeding timewasaconsistent finding indogs withleishmaniasis andsigns ofglomerular impairment, although clinical signs werenotalways present. Itisimportant toevaluate bleeding timeininfected dogsaspartofa complete clinical screening. Incontrast withprevious reports, platelet counts remained within normal limits inall thedogsstudied.


— Driving safety is an important issue. There are several factors like human error, mechanical failure of vehicle, inclement weather conditions and roadway limitations that present a real challenge to the safety of the driver by causing road accidents. Most of the accidents take place due to driving stretch, unknown road conditions and lack of understanding of the surrounding traffic conditions. The driver needs to be always attentive towards the movements of other vehicles around him, but he cannot be continuously focused on the road due to factors like stretch, distraction and fatigue etc. With our proposed system, we try to implemented vehicle-to-vehicle collision avoidance facility, which will generate alert message in the vehicle as soon as any other vehicle is found to be too near to it. Also this will minimize the ratio of vehicles skidding from mountain sides and falling from bridges. The vehicle-to-roadside communication using wireless and wired computer networks will give short term traffic at cross roads which will help in accident prevention.


Fluorine-doped silicon dioxide (SiOF) films have been found to exhibit a low dielectric constant. However, the critical issue about SiOF is its low resistance to moisture absorption that causes the dielectric constant of the film to increase with time. In this work, the effects of the post plasma treatment on the dielectric stability of SiOF thin films was investigated. It has been observed that O 2 plasma treatment of SiOF is quite efficient at blocking moisture. The dielectric constant of SiOF films after post O 2 plasma treatment is very stable. However, the dielectric constant of SiOF films after the plasma treatment increased from 3.14 to 3.43 due to fluorine desorption from the SiOF film and densification due to O + 2 ion bombardment effect. Nevertheless, the dielectric constant of SiOF films which had no plasma treatment after boiling treatment increased from 3.14 to 3.64, while that of the plasma-treated film with radio frequency bias power of 150 W increased from 3.43 to 3.47, which corresponds to about 15 and 1.2% increments. respectively. Also, the breakdown field strength of SiOF films after O 2 post plasma treatment increased from 3.5 to 8 MV/cm. Therefore, both surface oxidation and densification resulting from O 2 plasma treatment seemed to play a major role in making the SiOF film an attractive material for ultralarge-scale integrated intermetal dielectrics.


In Reply. —Dr Weintraub raised the question of vertebrobasilar insufficiency as a cause of the symptoms in the 63-year-old woman who complained of difficulty focusing her eyes in the morning and after looking down for a period of time. Her symptoms were better after her eyes were dilated for an ophthalmologic examination. Weintraub first seeks to explain the chronic tinnitus by anterior inferior cerebellar artery distribution ischemia (a rare cause of tinnitus). He then explains the accommodation problems as symptomatic of ischemia to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus; however, it is unlikely for a recurrent vascular event to be so extremely localized in nature. Even more unlikely is an explanation that cervical flexion associated with the patient looking down would give such a localized symptom as "difficulty focusing her eyes." To recommend a magnetic resonance angiogram in this woman for such an unlikely explanation of her symptoms is even more questionable, given


The ATP-dependent phosphorolytic excision of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors can diminish their inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus replication. Previous studies have shown that excision can occur only when the reverse transcriptase complex exists in its pretranslocational state. Binding of the next complementary nucleotide causes the formation of a stable dead-end complex in the posttranslocational state, which blocks the excision reaction. To provide mechanistic insight into the excision of the acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analog tenofovir, we compared the efficiencies of the reaction in response to changes in the translocation status of the enzyme. We found that rates of excision of tenofovir with wild-type reverse transcriptase can be as high as those seen with 3 (cid:1) -azido-3 (cid:1) -deoxythymidine monophosphate (AZT-MP). Thymidine-associated mutations, which confer >100-fold and 3-fold decreased susceptibility to AZT and tenofovir, respectively, caused substantial increases in the efficiency


This paper presents the proposition of a new conception of the superego in which the superego's imperatives would be comparable, in every individual, to a "psychotic enclave". That's a matter of deepening some fundamental features of the issue of the superego, trying to work out some points left unresolved in Freud, Melanie Klein and other postfreudian authors. The work of Jean Laplanche was useful as a main source in the formulation of the hypotheses that are presented, whose incidence in the psychoanalytical clinic seems undeniable.


over the Past 70 Years from the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Changes and Adjustments of Studying Abroad Have Always Been a Active Force Driving and Affecting the Evolution of Studying Abroad for Chinese Students. However, in the 21st Century, the Self-Sponsored Form Has Become the Mainstream of Contemporary Studying Abroad in Terms of Quantity and Quality. the Development of Self-Sponsored Studying Abroad is Influenced by Many Factors Such as Politics, Economy, Society and the International Environment. Based on the Author's Teaching and Practical Experience, This Work First Analyzed the Problems of Self-Sponsored Studying Abroad for Chinese Students, Including Problems Caused by Market Environment and Personal Cognition. Based on This, This Work Further Proposed the According Countermeasures from the Perspective of Consumers, Colleges and Universities, Educational Intermediary, and the Government.


In article K. Jaspers's philosophical and psychopathological ideas are considered. The author pay the attention on that period of his creativity which stands between his employment by psychopathology and work in the field of philosophy. Work aspires to answer a question how the psychiatry and psychopathology has influenced both Jaspers's philosophy, and on philosophy of XX century.


COVID-19 pandemic has sent ripple effects across the world affecting various economic and social parameters. The spread of the pandemic has been observed to be dynamic and the various measures implemented in different countries had been largely based on the guidelines of maintaining hygiene, frequent disinfection, social distance norms and prevention of community spread. There is an observable trend embedded with stochastic oscillations in pandemic's progress in every country. The fundamental similarity in the pandemic's progress in countries can be deciphered using clustering and this similarity can be used to model the future dynamics of countries from those clustered together. The time-frequency spectral estimation gives the temporal dynamics, frequency and corresponding energy deposited by the epidemic. This work uses Wigner energy spectrum of the pandemic to derive spectral parameters namely energy membership probabilities, deviation from maximum spectral energy for all temporal and frequency deposits and the maximum energy spectral deposit as latent variables with EM algorithm for clustering different countries. The modified EM algorithm with two layer latent representations effectively captures the similarity in the temporal dynamics of different countries.


The author describes the thirteen coffins unearthed on Leith Links. Based on the style of these coffins and the way that the remains were arranged, he suggests that these may have been victims of the 1645-46 Plague outbreak.


In this article, the author seeks to show that in The Interpretation of Dreams it is possible to find the outlines of an issue that Freud never addressed: a theory of the processes at work in the analytical situation. By referring to what Freud elaborated under the title of "The Psychology of the Dream Processes" (chapter 7 in The Interpretation of Dreams) we can account for these processes at work. It appears that the sources of the dream ("infantile material as a source of dreams") indicate the sources of transference neuroses. If the aim of these "techniques of analysis" is filling in the gaps in the memory (from a descriptive point of view), and overcoming the resistances of repression (from a dynamic point of view), a crucial question remains: what are the conditions for such an endeavor?


The article examines the impact of digital transformation on classical universities and its dialectical impact on the global strategy for sustainable development (ESD). The authors present findings from a study on the experience of the ecosystem approach in the educational system, specifically in additional vocational education. The study identifies the directions of development for additional vocational education as an ecosystem during the digital transformation stage of higher education. The article discusses changes in education resulting from the expansion of distance learning, and how the role of universities is evolving. Using an interpretative approach, the current realities and trends of the digital transformation process in Russian education are explored.


One of the most rewarding recent efforts of the ASA has been our involvement in the development of the classroom acoustics standard (ANSI, 2002). The accomplishment was a true joint venture, involving contributions from experts in speech perception, psychoacoustics, architectural acoustics, engineering acoustics, physical acoustics, noise control, and others. The standard's development was the epitome of a team effort, with contributions from academicians and researchers as well as industry representatives and product manufacturers. Particular thanks are due to the co-chairs of the working group, Lou Sutherland and David Lubman. Additional thanks go to the staff of the ASA Standards organization, in particular Daniel Johnson, Susan Blaeser, and Paul Schomer. The beneficiaries of this joint effort will include children learning in quieter spaces around the country. Hard-working ASA members of the standard's working group are listed in the table. The working group also included representatives from industry, consumer advocacy groups, government agencies, architects, teachers' unions, and other interested associations. The group met periodically for at least two years. Throughout the meetings the panel extensively discussed the literature, design principles, costs, and proposed performance criteria. Discussions were lively and heated, and it should be no surprise that we occasionally moved backwards before moving forward again. Ideas were included and later discarded as the focus of the proposed standard became clearer. In December 2001 the task force agreed upon a final version of the standard that was soon approved by the American National Standards Institute. The new standard immediately met with controversy, receiving a last-minute challenge from certain industries (modular classrooms, Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute). Nevertheless, the standard was adopted and is now embraced by some of those early "opponents." In this brief article, I hope to explain the basic principles of the standard, summarize the rationale and need, and show examples of how it is working around the country. This information should provide ASA members with the information they need to be advocates for the standard in their own communities and schools. In the paragraphs below I will address questions about the standard that I frequently hear from constituent groups. THE ASA CLASSROOM ACOUSTICS EFFORT


Treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as diabetes-induced asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pyuria—a condition wherein leukocytes are detected in the urine—is a predictor of UTIs. The aim of this study was to examine the urinary microbiome of Taiwanese T2D patients, with or without pyuria, undergoing SGLT2 treatment. We recruited seven T2D patients, recorded their clinical and biochemical characteristics, and collected their urine samples for 16S metagenomic sequencing. The primary outcomes were the diversity of urinary microbiota and the relative abundance of different species. We found that the microbiome of the pyuria group was significantly less diverse than the non-pyuria group (0.24 ± 0.04 vs. 2.21 ± 0.28, p = 0.002), while the number of operational taxonomic units did not differ significantly (763.5 ± 78.67 and 747 ± 141.3, p = 0.92). Escherichia-Shigella spp. dominated the microbiome of the pyuria group (97.4%–99.4%), and these patients tended to have more comorbidities. In conclusion, pyuria is associated with urinary microbiota dysbiosis in T2D patients being treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.


The information technology in the companies has been widely used. However, companies also face potential risks, such as the information which is not reliable, and susceptible to tampering. This paper analyzes the characteristics of information and information assets, and the close relationship among the information assets, the risk management and the information security management system (ISMS). It identifies the short-board security by risk management and drives the ISMS of continuous improvement. It can ensure all-round the security of enterprise information assets.


A simple, rapid ultra–high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed and optimized for the quantitation of a range of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and related bioactive compounds in the bivalve mollusc species mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Shellfish tissues were extracted using a simple solvent‐based extraction method prior to concentration and purification by pass‐through solid‐phase extraction and quantified using stable isotope dilution MS/MS. The analytes covered a range of therapeutic classes including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, beta‐blockers, and antiplatelets. Of the 34 compounds included in the present study initially, 28 compounds were found to demonstrate acceptable performance. Performance was assessed by examining extraction efficiencies, matrix effects, sensitivity, and within‐ and between‐batch precision. The results show that as indicated by acceptable HorRat and accuracy values, the method is fit for purpose. Application of this method to environmental mussel and oyster samples revealed the presence of 12 compounds at quantifiable concentrations, with the antidepressant sertraline being present at the highest level, reaching a concentration of 6.12 ng/g in mussel tissue. © 2021 Crown copyright. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2021;40:3263–3274. © 2021 SETAC. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.


Introduction In recent years, the positive effect of student-centered learning modes has been frequently discussed (Kong, 2015; McLaughlin et al., 2014). Several studies have revealed that this learning mode can improve students' learning achievement and increase the interaction among peers and teachers (Schultz, Duffield, Rasmussen, & Wageman, 2014). Currently, flipped learning is recognized as a learning mode that achieves the goal of student-centered learning, and engages students in meaningful peer-to-peer and peer-to-teacher interactions (Gaughan, 2014; Pierce & Fox, 2012). The learning mode of flipped learning involves students watching and reviewing the learning content before taking a class. The learning content students study was traditionally taught via direct instruction, but students can actually understand the knowledge themselves. Subsequently, by adopting this approach, there is more time for students and teachers to engage in individual and small group learning (i.e., project-based learning, problem-solving, or in-depth discussion) (Gilboy, Heinerichs, & Pazzaglia, 2015). Some of the studies have already confirmed the advantages of implementing flipped learning in regular courses. For instance, Kong (2015) conducted three years of flipped learning to improve students' critical thinking in Humanities courses. In the flipped learning activities, the students had to preview the learning content on the pre-lesson learning platform, take part in group discussions in class, and then engage in extended learning after class. According to the intervention, it was found that the students' critical thinking abilities were improved, and they spent more time deducting, explaining, and evaluating the knowledge related to their learning. On the other hand, Al-Zahrani (2015) integrated the flipped learning mode into an e-learning course. The findings revealed that the flipped classroom enhanced the students' learning as well as stimulating their creativity when they were discussing or solving problems with their peers. However, Al-Zahrani's (2015) research also indicated the challenges of flipped learning, including the provision of adequate learning guidance. For instance, in the out-of-class learning activities, some of the learning content was abstract conceptions or was difficult to comprehend, such as mathematics concepts (Kim, Kim, Khera, & Getman, 2014; Kuo, Hwang, & Lee, 2012). Without proper guidance, students might feel helpless and fail to acquire the knowledge they need for the upcoming in-class activities (Mason, Shuman, & Cook, 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2013). Several studies have addressed this issue by analyzing students' learning logs, and providing personalized supports via mobile devices (Ogata et al., 2015; Yin et al., 2015). Hwang, Lai and Wang (2015) further indicated the importance of bridging the out-of-class and in-class learning using mobile technology. Therefore, in this study, an interactive e-book-based flipped learning approach is proposed. Several functions of this approach were included. For instance, the interactive e-book system consisted of all of the learning material the students have to learn outside the classroom. The students can directly make some annotations on the e-books, which they can then bring to class to share their ideas with their peers and teachers. Moreover, the system records the learning status and notes of all students. The teachers can monitor students' learning status before starting the in-class activities. To exam the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness in terms of students' learning achievement and self-efficacy. In addition, students' learning records in the interactive e-book-based flipped learning are also analyzed and discussed. Literature review Flipped classroom and flipped learning The term "flipped classroom" refers to engaging students in gaining basic knowledge before class, and providing more activities, such as doing exercises or interacting with peers and the teacher in class (Pierce & Fox, 2012). …


Objective:To evaluate the effects of telomerase transfection on the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cells.Methods:Cat corneal endothelial cells cultured in vitro were divided into 3 groups randomly,as rabbit telomerase transfection group,normal control group and epidermal growth factor group.After cultured for 30 generations,cell morphology and cell ratio changes each phase in the cycle were observed,the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase protein and collagen IV was detected.Results:Rabbit telomerase transfection group had more cells than that in the normal control group and epidermal growth factor group,stretching adherent ability of the cells with normal phenotype was enhanced,cell ratio in M phase and S phase of G2 increased significantly,the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase protein and collagen IV also increased than that of the normal control group.Conclusion:Rabbit telomerase transfection can promote the proliferation of cat corneal endothelial cell with normal phenotype,can strengthen the stretching adhesion ability and secretion function,it is in favor of the treatment of corneal endothelial decompensation.


The Final Report of the Expert Scientific Group on Phase One Clinical Trials, set up after the TGN 1412 problem arose earlier this year and chaired by Professor Gordon Duff, was published on 30 November 2006, together with 12 appendices. The 110-page report will be reviewed in a forthcoming issue of ATLA. It can be obtained from The Stationery Office (www.tsoshop.co.uk) or downloaded at: http:// www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicy AndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4141039& chk=Qczxoq


We compute the probability of photon-axion oscillations in the presence of both intergalactic magnetic fields and an electron plasma and investigate the effect on Type Ia supernovae observations. The conversion probability is calculated using a density matrix formalism by following light-paths through simulated universes in a Monte-Carlo fashion. We find, that even though the effect is highly frequency dependent, one needs to analyze relatively narrow spectral features of high redshift objects in order to discern between the dimming effect from oscillations and a cosmological constant, in contrast to earlier claims that broad-band photometry is sufficient.


Microarrays are utilized to study the declaration of thousands of qualities in a solitary analysis. Applied inventively, they can be utilized to test just as create new speculations. As the innovation turns out to be more available, microarray examination is discovering applications in assorted spaces of science. Microarrays are just a strategy for imagining which qualities are probably going to be utilized in a specific tissue at a specific time under a specific arrangement of conditions. The yield of a microarray try is known as a "quality articulation profile."


: Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are voluntary schemes designed to provide incentives for providing environmental services (ES) on lands with the potential to develop productive activities. The PES have been implemented, for the most part, in rural contexts, and their extension to urban contexts requires adjustments in the design of the traditional scheme. On that need, there are not enough advances reported in the literature. To design a PES in urban areas (PSAU), we pretend to understand the heterogeneity that characterizes the landholders and their properties, where the ecosystem provider of the ES is located. This article presents a grouping exercise of 111 selected properties to be part of a PSAU in Colombia, in order to identify similar characteristics between the groups, which facilitate the design of payment strategies. The grouping was done considering specific variables of the urban context and with the k-prototypes cluster analysis algorithm, resulting in the division of the properties into three groups. We found that two of the three groups have more differentiating characteristics: the first is mostly private, with smaller and more expensive total areas; while the other is mainly public, with a larger total area and at a lower cost. We concluded that the payment to be recognized for the first group should be very attractive if you want to have a good adoption, since the opportunity cost represented by the availability and value of the land is higher. The other group could be the one that adopts more easily because it has a larger area and a lower economic value, because of in this group the properties are mainly public domain, social appropriation actions with the community are fundamental. The clustering method turned out to be an adequate process to address the heterogeneity present in the urban context.


The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a relatively new approach to controlling the codling moth. Compared with the traditional irradiation method, the application of transgenic techniques is much better at producing sterile males. In addition to manual control of developmental conditions this involves using plasmid vectors based on the piggyBac transposon, inserting a dominant conditional lethal gene to culture genetic sexing strains and inserting marker genes such as fluorescent proteins to elucidate the efficacy of gene transfer.


Based on the embedded atom potential proposed by Mishin,we simulated a solid/liquid coexistence system with 1500 copper atoms by molecular dynamics method.During the process of melting,the solid/liquid interface moves forward layer by layer into the solid phase.According to the collision-limited theory,we obtain the melting temperature of the(001) surface at zero pressure is 1392.9±9.2 K,and the kinetic coefficient is 82.3 cm·s-1·K-1.


Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have attracted ever-increasing attention because of their unique optical and electronic properties that result into versatile applications in the fields of energy, information, display and lighting,...


Lew HL, Chen CPC, Chen MJL, Hsu THC, Tang SFT, Date ES: Comparing the effects of different speech targets on cognitive event-related potentials: Theoretical implications for evaluating brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:524–527.


Metadiscourse markers are used as one of the tools which make writing more effective in social environment and are regarded as one of the most important features in communication among people for expressing the information through different linguistic expressions with cohesive and logical constructions. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify interactive and interactional metadiscourse in a targeted sample of 100 English research articles written by Iranian writers utilizing Hyland's taxonomy. The sample included the discussion sections of randomly selected articles with 70000 running words published between 2010 and 2016. The overall findings disclosed that, in interactive metadiscourse category, the use of transitions, frame markers, and evidentials in social science articles were more frequent than those in medical science texts. The results further revealed that the use of endophoric markers and code glosses were almost the same. In interactional metadiscourse corpora, however, the findings demonstrated that writers used hedges, boosters, and self-mentions more frequently in medical science articles compared to those in social sciences. Comparatively, the discussion sections in social science texts contained a higher percentage of engagement markers. It was also found out that there was no significant difference in the use of attitude markers in both disciplines. Notably, the social science authors seemingly preferred to employ interactive metadiscourse markers more, while the medical science authors used interactional metadiscourse markers more frequently in their research articles.


Consider the problem of optimization of quadrature formula for approximate computation curvilinear integral of the first kind on classes functions and curved given by the modulus of continuity. The exact solution of this problem on wide classes functions m -variable defined along curve integration is given.


The growing interest in extensive distribution generating unit (DG) integration into the grid creates new challenges for power system planners and operators. The non-optimal placement of renewable energy sources-based (RES) DG units in distribution networks impacts grids' reliability and stability. This paper proposes a K-means clustering technique for the optimal placement of multiple photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) units using voltage stability index (VSI), the voltage risk index (VRI), and the hosting capacity under different PVDG local voltage control techniques. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network. After the optimal placement of the PVDG units, the VSI and VRI for the base network were improved 32.76% and 90.1%, respectively by the best simulation case. The voltage profile was improved by 3.6% and the total active power loss was reduced by 67.7%. The results show that the proposed technique is effective to allocate multiple PVDG units for distribution network planning and expansion as well for increasing the PVDG penetration while minimizing the voltage stability and risk indices.


The Cap Chat Melange crops out discontinuously for 200 km along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Gaspe Peninsula. It is located just south of Logan's line, the northern limit of the...


Battery Management SystemsThermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery SystemsArchitecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 2020The Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Battery Management System for Electric VehiclesBattery Systems EngineeringOccupational Outlook HandbookArtificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric VehiclesBattery Management Systems, Volume I: Battery ModelingAdvanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric VehiclesDesign and Analysis of a Wireless Battery Management System for an Advanced Electrical Storage SystemBattery Management Algorithm for Electric VehiclesLithium-Sulfur BatteriesAdvances in Battery Manufacturing, Service, and Management SystemsDesign and Analysis of Large Lithium-Ion Battery SystemsBuild Your Own Electric VehicleNew Applications of Electric DrivesThe 10th International Conference on Computer Engineering and NetworksBattery System ModelingFundamentals and Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Drive VehiclesHandbook of BatteriesA Study of Lithium-ion Battery Management System Design and FulfillmentMicrogrid TechnologiesThe Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack DesignHandbook on Battery Energy Storage SystemA Systems Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery ManagementBattery Management System for Future Electric VehiclesDevelopment and Integration of MicrogridsWireless Data Transmission for the Battery Management System of Electric and Hybrid VehiclesBattery Management SystemBattery Operated Devices and SystemsEnergy and Mechanical EngineeringRecent Advances in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy TechnologiesDesign and Development of a Modular Battery Management System for Battery Electric VehiclesFundamentals and Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Drive VehiclesBattery Management Systems for Large Lithium Ion Battery PacksBattery Management SystemsIntelligent Circuits and SystemsHolistic Battery Management System Design for Lithium-ion Battery Systems Via Physics-based Modeling, Estimation, and ControlBattery Power Management for Portable DevicesBattery Management System in an Electric Car Electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV) commercialization is still a challenge in industries in terms of performance and cost. The performance along with cost reduction are two tradeoffs which need to be researched to arrive at an optimal solution. This book focuses on the convergence of various technologies involved in EV/HEV. The book brings together the research that is being carried out in the field of EV/HEV whose leading role is by optimization techniques with artificial intelligence (AI). Other featured research includes green drive schemes which involve the possible renewable energy sources integration to develop eco-friendly green vehicles, as well as Internet of Things (IoT)-based techniques for EV/HEVs. Electric vehicle research involves multidisciplinary expertise from electrical, electronics, mechanical engineering and computer science. Consequently, this book serves as a point of convergence wherein all these domains are addressed and merged and will serve as a potential resource for industrialists and researchers working in the domain of electric vehicles.Go Green-Go Electric! Faster, Cheaper, More Reliable While Saving Energy and the Environment "Empowering people with the tools to convert their own vehicles provides an immediate path away from petroleum dependence and should be part of the solutions portfolio." – Chelsea Sexton, Cofounder, Plug In America and featured in Who Killed the Electric Car? "Create a superior driving experience, strengthen America, and restore the planet's ecosystemsthat's the promise of this book and it's well worth a read!" – Josh Dorfman, Founder & CEO – Vivavi, Modern Green Furniture Store; Author, The Lazy Environmentalist: Your Guide to Easy, Stylish, Green Living. This new, updated edition of Build Your Own Electric Vehicle contains everything that made the first edition so popular while adding all the technological advances and new parts that are readily available on the market today. Build Your Own Electric Vehicle gets on the expressway to a green, ecologically sound, cost-effective way that even can look cool, too! This comprehensive how-to goes through the process of transforming an internal combustion engine vehicle to electric or even building an EV from scratch for as much or even cheaper than purchasing a traditional car. The book describes each component in detail---motor, battery, controller, charger, and chassis---and provides step-by-step instructions on how to put them all together. Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, Second Edition, covers: EV vs. Combustible Engine Overview Environmental and Energy Savings EV Evolution since the First Electric Car Current Purchase and Conversion Costs Chassis and Design Today's Best Motors Battery Discharging/Charging Styles Electrical Systems Licensing and Insurance Issues Driving Maintenance Related Clubs and Associations Additional ResourcesProvides engineers and technicians with detailed data and information on the characteristics, properties, performance, and uses of all types of electric batteries.7.5 Case Study 4: Heat Transfer and Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries with Phase Change Materials -7.5.


Abstract: After a general overview, the effects of the Bologna Agreement on the textile course programmes in higher education in selected European countries are explained. Structure, content and funding of bachelor, master and PhD programmes are described for selected countries worldwide. The globalization of textile production has led to an internationalization of textile degree programmes everywhere. The ever-increasing range of non-garment textile applications necessitates more interdisciplinary subjects. The diversity and constant change of products and markets requires life-long learning from professionals in the textile industry (many of whom do not have a background in textiles but come from a wide range of different fields); there will be an increasing demand for a master degree for graduates already working in industry. The chapter concludes with a look at qualification requirements and sources of further information.


The traditional equipment of temperature-rising test has low intelligentized capability in measurement and recording. The system cannot record data during test process completely to meet the demands for follow-up researching. The paper studied a measuring system of temperature-rising test to realize the whole process record and the high accuracy data sampling and disposing, and put forward the stable prediction algorithm to estimate the future value of temperature rise with the temperature-rising data during the period of one to three times of time constant, which saved a large number of research test time. Experimental results show that the system meets the requirements of electrical equipment of research tests and type tests.


To deal with the security problems brought by instant messengers,a real-time monitoring system based on Libnids is designed and implemented.Via analysing the most popular used MSN in detail,the system developed first uses Libnids to achieve packet capture and TCP stream assembly,second a Hash dynamic link list is used to store session information when a session is established,finally each packet's accounts and chat information are restored in real time by using Hash algorithm to match the session which the packet belongs to.Tests show that the system can effectively achieve real-time monitoring of instant communication,to maintain the purpose of network information security.


Dyes used in textiles, foods, cosmetics, and chemicals have become a major environmental pollution issue around the world. To address this issue, a number of technologies have been created to remove these pollutants from the environment. Due to their superior properties at nanoscale, numerous nanomaterials have been applied to remove dyes from polluted waters. This research presents the findings of the development of bentonite nano zero-valent iron (B-nZVI) for the treatment of synthetic cationic dyes. This study has three objectives: (i) to produce bentonite nano zero-valence iron (B-nZVI), (ii) to characterize its adsorbents (B-nZVI), (iii) to characterize its adsorption capacity. Four main tests were used for this purpose: (i) a physical test (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area), (ii) a chemical test (cation exchange capacity (CEC) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF)), (iii) morphology (field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and (iv) mineralogy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The five factors for the batch equilibrium test are adsorbent dose, concentration, kinetic, pH, and temperature. The batch test showed that the optimum dose for all adsorbents is 0.5 g. For the concentration factor, B-nZVI exhibits larger adsorption capacity (KL = 30,314.0536 L/g; R2 = 1) compared to bentonite (Kd = 0.0219 L/g; R2 = 0.8892). The kinetic factor showed that the adsorption capacity by pseudo-second-order model was the best for both adsorbents (qe = 1.2038 mg/g, R2 = 0.9993 for bentonite and qe = 6.9979 mg/g, R2 = 1 for B-nZVI). For B-nZVI, the interparticle diffusion model (Kf = 0.8645 m2 g−1 min L−1; R2 = 0.9) and intraparticle diffusion model (Kd = 2.3829 m2 g−1 min L−1; R2 = 0.9189) showed a good correlation with the adsorption data, while bentonite showed a lower correlation with the interparticle diffusion model (Kf = 0.0002 m2 g−1 min L−1; R2 = 0.6253) and intraparticle diffusion model (Kd = 0.2886 m2 g−1 min L−1; R2 = 0.6026), respectively. The pH factor showed that the adsorption capacity of bentonite (qe = 0.5674 mg/g) and B-nZVI (qe = 5.3284 mg/g) was highest in acidic conditions (pH 2). As for the temperature factor, there was no significant effect on bentonite and B-nZVI. Therefore, tests can be conducted at room temperature, saving energy. It was also concluded that B-nZVI is the best material for removing MB compared to bentonite and can be considered for the treatment materials of contaminated water.


The first book Evald Ilyenkov published was the 1960 work, Dialektika abstraktnogo i konkretnogo v 'Kapitale' Marksa (The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital). The original manuscript was prepared back in 1956, but because it seemed to contain too many controversial assertions which deviated from the standard Diamat view on how Marxist philosophy should be interpreted, it disappeared into the desk drawer of the then all-powerful academician Pyotr Fedoseev. There are different value-form theories; the value-form approach includes authors who underestimate the quantitative side of the theory of value and question abstract labour as the substance of value. The substance of value has been re-interpreted as a reduction taking place in the market, through money, and its definition as 'a productive expenditure of human brains, nerves, and muscles' is rejected. Keywords: dialectics; Evald Ilyenkov; Marxist philosophy; Pyotr Fedoseev; value-form debate


The development of a parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the governing equations for multi-phase (gas-particle) core flows in solid propellant rocket motors (SRM). An Eulerian formulation is used for both the gas and particle phases, which leads to a degenerate hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. The cause and effect of the degeneracy is examined. A cell-centered upwind finite-volume discretization and the use of limited solution reconstruction, Riemann solver based flux functions for the gas and particle phases, and explicit multi-stage timestepping allows for high solution accuracy and computational robustness. A Riemann problem is formulated for prescribing boundary data at the burning surface of the propellant grain and an iterative solver is proposed for its solution. Efficient and scalable parallel implementations are achieved with domain decomposition on distributed memory multi-processor architectures. High-scalability of the model has been achieved on a Beowulf-class cluster consisting of 104 processors. Numerical results are described to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach for predicting SRM core flows.


This study entitled "Improving Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes through demonstration methods of vocabulary materials related to the unsanitary environment of Class II SDN 01 Pasir". The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in Indonesian lessons. The research conducted was classroom action research (PTK). The stages are planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. As for the indicator of increasing the ability of class II SDN 01 Pasir students, it was shown the acquisition of scores in the pre-cycle with a percentage of 21.05% that had been completed. Then there was an improvement in learning cycle 1, it was shown that there was an increase with the percentage of 52.63% that had been completed, so the researcher carried out the second cycle by obtaining a significant increase with the percentage value of 97.3% that had been completed. The results show that the demonstration method can improve student learning outcomes, especially in class II Indonesian language lessons at SDN 01 Pasir.


In recent years, collaborative planning and processes of social learning (SL) have gained increasingly in interest in river basin management. In this paper, we first summarize the prerequisites for SL to take place in collaborative management processes. These are openness, gains and incentives, and a perceived pressure to learn. We then study the European situation subsequent to the introduction of the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC; WFD) as an example. Based on an analysis of policy documents, a case study of the Elbe river basin and an elaboration of concepts related to theories of international regimes, we conclude that the conditions for SL are often not met if management processes are highly formalised. Considering SL that is necessary for innovation and change, this can best be supported through the establishment of parallel "learning processes", such as the Common Implementation Strategy that accompanies implementation of the WFD at European level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Novartis Pharma AG, Switzerland), which became the standard treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), significantly improved the prognosis. Tolerability of the drug is, in general, good, percentage of complications arising during the treatment is small. Drug-induced interstitial pneumonitis associated with imatinib therapy is a rare complication. This article describes 4 clinical cases of this pathology, diagnostics, patient management tactics and modern approaches to treatment. Such cases deserve attention in connection with the low rate of occurrence, require timely differential diagnosis, the abolition of drugs inducer (imatinib) and select the appropriate tactics for further management of patients.


Tissue fibrosis is one of the most critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of wide range of diseases. Fibrosis is also hallmark of organ dysfunction associated with aging. The process of fibrosis begins with transformation of fibroblast into myofibroblast, a cell which deposits extracellular matrix proteins and contributes to scar formation. Recently a group of NAD‐dependent deacetylases, called sirtuins, have been identified which are capable of regulating variety of cellular processes including extending lifespan of the organism. One of them is SIRT3, which is considered guardian of mitochondria. SIRT3 activation has been shown to ameliorate many aging‐associated diseases including development of metabolic syndrome, heart failure, hearing loss and cancer. SIRT3 activation has been also linked to longevity of the man. This study was undertaken to examine the role of SIRT3 in protecting the lungs from development of fibrosis.


We report on practical realization of novel liquid sensor upon a base of typical SAW device design. The sensor is implemented as a periodic microfluidic structure atop a piezoelectric substrate. Simultaneous employment of phononic crystal phenomenon and structural resonance inside the phononic crystal is the basic idea behind. The phononic crystal band gap prevents propagation of traveling waves through the structure and their conversion and scattering into the substrate. The structural resonance enables acoustic signal amplification at frequencies predetermined by materials composing the structure. The sensor operates at high frequencies and potentially is capable to measure sound velocity and bulk viscosity of liquids with a precision superior to established instruments. The periodic microfluidic structure is made of SU-8 layers atop of lithium niobate based SAW device and acts as a liquid analyte container. It applies MEMS technology with a specific attention to the multilayer fabrication and exceptional parameters control. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach providing a distinct and predictable sensor response on speed of sound of analyte.


An electrical resistance of approximately 1 ohm is measured absolutely with rapidity and precision in terms of a mutual inductance and a frequency, by balancing the e.m.f. across it when conveying direct electric current, against the average e.m.f. of a commutating generator, the field coils of which are traversed by the same current. By a new method, a remarkable "flat" of mutual inductance is obtained between the rotor and the field coils over a range of 20° of arc in the neighbourhood of the commutations. Further, over an adjustable portion of this range, covering the actual breaks at commutations, the rotor together with additional adjustable resistance is short-circuited, thus enabling the e.m.f. across the resistor to suffer no interruption in its supply to the detector and allowing it to supply the extra quantity of electricity absorbed by the rotor, in virtue of its self-inductance, on establishing the current through it at each commutation. In this way the two main errors associated with break and self-inductance are set against one another, and compensation is readily effected by the adjustment of a resistance in a preliminary experimental test carried out under conditions in which these two effects preponderate. The rotor has a constant speed of 12.5 revolutions per second, and the maximum mutual inductance of some 20,000 μH. permits of rapid and fine adjustment over a range of 400 μH. The balance is sensitive to 0.1 μH. and an accuracy of a few parts in a hundred thousand has been obtained.


A system for the recognition and checkout of legal amounts on Chinese bank cheques was presented in the paper. Firstly, pianpang recognizer was proposed to combine any pianpang into a neighbor segment. Then, the width model of characters was proposed to determine the predicted positions of split lines. Finally, an efficient state transfer model was proposed to conduct Subset-based recognition. Experiments had been performed on more than 4,000 cheques from China Construction Bank. The proposed system was shown to be effective and efficient. Without (with) the reference values, the correct checkout rate of the best segmentation can reach as high as 85.83% (91.02%).


"Promote community-level Party construction in an innovative way and consolidate the organizationalfoundation for the exercise of governance by the Party" is an important thought regarding Party construction in the report at 18th Party Congress. Development of CPC branches of university students constitutes a major part in the building of CPC University Branches, and a significant component in the ideological and political education in colleges as well. With an eye to the complicated domestic and international background, and under the guidance of the Eighteenth CPC Congress spirit, the author analyzes the current conditions of CPC branches of college students, and sheds new ideas into the construction of such Branches, in hope to offer potential theoretical and idealistic significance for such primary party organization to serve as a strong communist fortress.


Information systems/information technology (IS/IT) is become as one of the strategy in the higher education institution to improve the quality of education and services to all stakeholders in order to be an excellent and competitive
university. Strategic planning for IS/IT is needed to optimize the implementation process that can align the IS/IT strategy with vision, mission, and objectives of university.
 Enterprise architecture is an approach that is used in this research to align IS/IT strategy and business strategy in higher education, focused on learning and teaching process. Two major phases that is conducted: business process analysis and enterprise architecture design. Analysis of business process phase used porter's value chain analysis and business process analysis approach. Enterprise architecture design phase used TOGAF ADM methodology. The design includes business architecture, information architecture, data architecture and application architecture.
 Result of design represent a roadmap of IS/IT plan development that can be used as a guide in development and implementation of IS/IT to supports business functions of learning and teaching in universities that aligned with the strategic plan of university.


This paper reports on a qualitative study into academic literacy factors impacting on the development of academic writing skills within an EAL tertiary programme. Data has been collected over three semesters by using focus group methodologies. These groups responded to key cues about academic writing at the start and near the end of a 14-week course. The data, therefore, covers 'from here to there' and measures reported learner progress. These learner reports are triangulated by a midcourse tutor interview and by the analysis of learners' reflective memoranda, which themselves offer evidence to support (or refute) the students' self-reporting. In particular, we consider the students' progress in understanding academic genre features, including discourse structures, and the usefulness of multi-draft portfolios. In final interviews, students report on enhancements to their understanding of discursive forms and the learning value inherent in the writing process.


Abstract Electron backscattering diffraction technique was used for a statistical analysis of twin formation in deformed polycrystalline cobalt. Deformation microstructure of samples plastically strained after a monotonous tensile test was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The analysis shows that the principal twin mode is the tension { 10 1 ¯ 2 } type. Multiple twin variants of this mode are present inside a grain. The higher occurrence corresponds to the variant with the misorientation of about 60° giving the best strain accommodation. It was found that besides grains favorably oriented, which are more prone to twin, there is also twinning in some grains not favorably oriented, which points out an influence of the local state of internal stress. Grain orientation has a more pronounced impact on twinning characteristics than the grain size. Favorably oriented grains exhibit a strong and positive correlation of the twin frequency, the twin area fraction, and the presence of multi-variant twins in a grain. On the other hand, large grains are more prone to twin, exhibit several twin variants but small twin area fraction.


Freedom of association is a constitutional fundamental freedom denied the members of the Namibian Police Service. This led to the researcher to conduct a study on current labour practices in the said organisation. The aim thereof was to establish whether the inexistence of unions has a detrimental effect on labour relations, and also to explore possibilities of introducing trade unions in the Police Service. A study was conducted within a qualitative approach with the data obtained from existing literature as well as through interviewing police officers and other public office bearers. It was ultimately found that the entire organisation is fraught with labour related problems, which would have been handled differently within unionism. The study therefore recommends that a union be formed for the Namibian Police members. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/


The stage where teachers are in touch with their professional environment during their professional practice, it requires an interaction between theory and practice, the teacher should keep in mind some aspects, including planning in which selected the learning content, teaching strategies, the availability of resources to enhance creative thinking and information processing.


Sir Zachary Cope (1970) recently suffered an attack of acute cholecystitis. Until noting a palpable gall bladder he initially thought the symptoms might be due to coronary ischaemia, especially since over the preceding six months he had experienced a number of attacks of perspiration accompanied by tachycardia. This confusing presentation and the wellknown association between the two diseases stimulated him to record for the first time some of the earliest manifestations of cholecystitis-namely, heavy epigastric/central chest pain accompanied by a palpable gall bladder. He noted that the initial symptoms may then abate for an interval only to be followed by the typical syndrome of severe right upper quadrant pain, etc. We report two similar cases that were brought to our attention because of their simulation of a cardiac condition.


Middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis often causes severe ischemic stroke. Plaque imaging techniques for extracranial carotid lesions with conventional magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to prevent subsequent stroke. However, the plaque imaging for intracranial atherosclerosis with the conventional magnetic resonance imaging is limited because of the poor imaging quality. We hypothesized that the use of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging might resolve the problem and the acquired image might be useful to estimate intra-cranial plaque component. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the utility of a plaque imaging technique using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in patients with middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis. In 6 patients (mean, 62; range, 36-75), plaque imaging using T1- and T2-weighted black blood (BB) methods were performed with a 3 tesla scanner without a contrast medium. In each patient, the ability to identify any plaque characteristic was assessed, and the plaques were evaluated on the basis of their signal intensity. For result, plaque images were obtained with enough quality to evaluate plaque components in 5 patients. In a symptomatic case, the plaque included a highintensity lesion in the T1-weighted black blood method, and this was considered a vulnerable plaque. The plaques in the other cases were iso-intensity and were considered non vulnerable plaques. In a representative case, sudden cardiac arrest occurred 6 months after the stroke. Unfortunately, transient global ischemia caused a severe cerebral infarction on the side of the untreated MCA stenosis. Our results showed that intracranial plaque imaging is useful to estimate plaque histology. In future, this method will be helpful to determine the optimal treatment, including endovascular surgery, for these patients.


Focusing and correcting the astigmatism of an electron microscope can be time consuming and difficult to achieve accurately. An automatic method of performing these tasks using an on‐line computer system and a digital framestore has been developed. The method is applicable to noisy images in both scanning and conventional transmission electron microscopes. It is capable of setting focus and correcting astigmatism at least as accurately as can be achieved by an experienced operator.


Abstract This paper is concerned with several topics in the harmonic analysis of discrete nilpotent groups. We study two topologies on the primitive ideal space and the space of characters, the separation of points in the former with the hull-kernel topology, a weak Frobenius reciprocity property and a Bochner theorem for traces on complete nilpotent groups.


: The present investigation was conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons on 20 years old of avocado ( Persea Americana Millers) cultivars namely Hass, Bacon, Fuerte, Reed and Ettinger grown at Al-salmaia orchard at El Nubaria region, El-Beheira governorate, Egypt. Date of flowering, flowering type, fruit skin surface, fruit shape, fruit set % and yield as well as physical and chemical properties of fruit and economic and numerical evaluation were determined for all tested avocado cultivars. Results indicated that date of flowering and fruit set percentage varied between tested cultivars. Reed avocado cultivar gave the ideal values of physical fruit properties which produced the highest fruit diameter, fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight and pulp %. Among the chemical fruit properties are V.C%, DM %, oil % were the highest in Fuerte cultivar , Reed gave the highest percentage of TSS, while Hass recorded the lowest percentage of acidity. The economic and numerical evaluation of all tested avocado cultivar showed that they were ranked as follows; Reed, followed by Fuerte, Ettinger, Bacon and finally, Hass cultivars. Generally, the obtained results proved that Reed, Fuerte and Ettinger performed better, those that had been grown in EL-Nubaria region, EL-Beheira governorate, Egypt, for its high in yield and fruit quality comparing to the other tested avocado cultivars.


The paper deals with experimentally-based comparative analyses aimed at quantifying the annealing process effects on the magnetic core properties of small synchronous reluctance motors. For this purpose, `ad hoc' prototypes have been produced by adapting two twin normal-production, 120 W, line-start synchronous machines and, for one of them, the stator and rotor cores have been annealed. As an attempt to discriminate the iron losses reduction due to the annealing, no-load tests with sinusoidal supply have been performed, while the magnetizing currents and the related torque capability of the machines is also approached measuring their flux mappings (magnetic models). Finally, the performed tests have been replicated using 2D finite element method models that include the damaged material zones in the lamination edges due to the punching. Very good agreements between measurement and simulation results have been obtained.


Purpose: These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang on ovarian functions in female mice. Methods: We administered the Palmulgunjatang gamibang to 6-week-old female CF-1 mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. After administration of Palmulgunjatang gami...


Tungsten‐copper (W‐Cu) composite is a pseudo alloy prepared by powder metallurgy method with tungsten and copper as the main components, which has been widely used in electrical contacts, electrical discharge machining electrodes, electronic packaging, aerospace and military fields due to its good conductivity, thermal conductivity, high melting point, high electrical breakdown strength, low contact resistance, high welding resistance and high heat resistance. In this paper, the recent advances of W‐Cu composites have been reviewed systematically. Firstly, the preparative techniques of W‐Cu composites are introduced in detail, and their advantages and disadvantages have been evaluated objectively. Secondly, an introduction of the main application fields and corresponding characteristics advantages for W‐Cu composites are provided. Subsequently, the densification techniques and strengthening mechanisms and their effects on microstructure, mechanical properties and physical properties of W‐Cu composites have been mainly discussed. Finally, based on a comprehensive review of W‐Cu composites, its future development trends and potential research challenges are summarized and prospected.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Microbial lipases today occupy a prominent position in the field of biocatalysis owing to their ability
to catalyze a wide veriety reactions in aqueous and non--aqueous media. The chemical and regional selectivi-
ties and the enantiomorphic properties of these enzymes have drawn many people's attention in scientific re-
search and industrial application. Since protein purification is normally done. in a series of sequential steps in-
volving a combination of different techniques,the effect of sequence of steps and the number of times used are
analyzed. Many new purification technologies are introduced in this paper, which will be helpful for the effec-
tive purification of lipases.


A cognitive radio is a communication wireless system that can control on its transmitter parameters according to sensing the environment in which it operates to maximize the efficiency of spectrum utilization. The aim is to make wireless communication possible with less interference. In our work we have investigated one of the functions of cognitive radio called spectrum sensing. We have specifically used the method of Cyclostationary feature for detection. Randomly generated information is modulated by BPSK, QPSK, BFSK, QFSK, BASK, or QASK, then passed through additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The received signal is then processed by cyclostationary detector which uses an adaptive thresholding on the cyclic spectral density. Simulation results on spectrum detection rate for different signal to noise ratios are demonstrated.


Twenty malt barley genotypes including seven commercial cultivars were evaluated for grain quality parameters in timely and late planting conditions giving two nitrogen levels during winters of 200506 and 2006–07. Significant differences due to dates of sowings (DOS) and due to genotypes were observed during both years for all the three grain quality parameters namely 1000-grain weight, test weight and grain plumpness. The differences due to levels of nitrogen (LON) were significant for all the parameters in first year. The interactions of genotypes with DOS as well as with LON and the three way interactions were found to be significant for all the parameters during both years of study. The planting time and nitrogen levels significantly influenced the grain quality parameters during both years of study. In late sown crop, significant decrease for 1000-grain weight, test weight and plump grain fraction was observed. The higher nitrogen dose significantly decreased 1000-grain weight, test weight and grain plumpness indicating that there is need to optimize N dose to achieve the desired grain quality parameters. The genotypes least affected due to DOS or LON for their performance for various traits were also identified. The 1000-grain weight, test weight and grain plumpness were found to be positively associated with each other.


Objective To compare the clinical effects of endoscopic thyroidectomy by the anterior chest approach and the areola approach in treatment of benign thyroid diseases.Methods From Mar.2002 to Nov.2006,62 patients with benign thyroid diseases underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy by the anterior chest approach(32 cases) and the areola approach(30 cases) respectively.in the anterior chest approach group,the observation port was made about 10cm beneath the sternal notch and the operation ports about 5cm above the nipples on midclavicular line.In the areola approach group,the observation port was made about 15cm beneath the sternal notch and the operation ports at the superior border of each areola. Compare the mean duration for creating subcutaneous tunnel,the total operative time,the mean blood loss, the postoperative hospital stay,the complication rate,and the cosmetic effect.Results Both the mean duration for creating subcutaneous tunnel and the total operative time of the anterior chest group were shorter than those of the areola group,but the latter had no significant difference[(41±13) min vs(53±17) min,P0.05;(119±44)min vs(132±48)min,P0.05].The difference of the two groups in the mean blood loss[(26±17) ml vs(28±19) ml,P0.05],the postoperative hospital stay[(4.6±1.2) d vs4.5±1.3) d, P0.05],the complication rate[4/32 vs 5/30,P0.05],and the cosmetic effect(30/32 satisfied vs 30/30 satisfied) were not meaningful.With a follow-up of 10~38 months,1 patient with nodular goiter in each group recurrented,and was still under observation.Conclusions Both the anterior chest approach and the areola approach have the advantages of safe,cosmetic,effective,and quick recovery.Furthermore, endoscopic thyroidectomy by the anterior chest approach shorten the operative time and reduces the operative trauma,thus is worth being promoted clinically.


Note: The following article is based on a paper presented by Dean Lawrence C. Howard of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, at a conference on "Academic-Governmental Relations in a Changing American Federal System" sponsored by GSPIA and the Office of Management and Budget December 7 and 8, 1972, in Pittsburgh. At a follow-up discussion at the ASPA National Council meeting in Washington, D.C., December 16, Council members expressed the belief that the ideas and questions expressed in the paper were of such significance that they should be given wide dissemination among ASPA members and the Public Administration com-


and f(x) is a C°° function with compact support then u must also have compact support, which by the unique continuation property must be the same as that of /. More recently, Trêves [8] has investigated the following problem: Let P(D) s P((l/t") (d/dx)) be a partial differential operator with constant coefficients. If P(D)u = /, and / in C°° and has compact support, when can we conclude that u has compact support, assuming that ue£f, i.e. u is infinitely differentiable and together with its derivatives decays at infinity faster than any power of x_1? Trêves showed that for the answer to be in the affirmative it is necessary and sufficient that the complex solution manifold of each irreducible factor of the polynomial P(x) intersect RN. It seems desirable to be able to reach the conclusions of Trêves' result without the strong condition that u be rapidly decreasing at infinity, but with conditions at infinity more nearly like those in the Rellich result, i.e., decay faster than a prescibed power. For this weakening of hypothesis we must, however, pay a price i.e., one imposes greater restrictions on the polynomial P. That is the point of Theorem 1.


Registers of tenant tree planting in Co. Down between 1769–1909 are examined. Excluding (hut trees, undershrubs and acorns, over 5.13 million trees were planted. This apparently high total should be compared with current rates of planting in Northern Ireland where, in 1994. the Forest Service alone planted almost 2.2 million trees at an average of 2600 per ha. Registrations were highest in the decade 1810–29. declining sharply in the mid-1830s. Numbers of trees planted peaked in the 1820–29 and 1830–39 decades as plantations became prominent. Spatially, registrations were more frequent in parishes adjacent to Co. Armagh and across the middle of west Down. Three quarters of trees planted were conifers and larch accounted for 51% of all trees planted. Ash was the most commonly planted broad-leaf. The spatial distribution of species planting shows the importance of ash and larch plantations in individual parishes and those southwest of Newcastle. Landscape impacts of planting arc discussed in comparison with present woodlands and trees.


While the Komga area of the Eastern Cape, some 50 km from East London, is certainly a perfect dairy area, there are aspects of the climate that pose serious challenges to dairy farmers. Two of these are tickborne diseases and humidity. The solution to both, according to Pierre Hart, boils down to accurate management.


Twenty adult common quail male obtained from Soq-Al-Shiyookh local market .They were kept under light and feeding conditions adopted by it. The anatomical study was appeared that the reproductive system in common quail consist of paired testes ,efferent ducts, epididymis, vasdeference and recetaculum .The testes are lying within the abdominal cavity and are joined to the dorsal body wall by short connective tissue . They are paired oval-shaped structure .The average of the left testicular size is ( 2 ± 0.04 cm) and the average of the right testicular size is (1.85 ± 0.01 cm).The average of the left testicular weight is (1.9 ± 0.01 gm. ) and the average of the right testicular weight is (1.7 ± 0.01 gm.). The testes of quail are long axis is oblique and directed dorso caudally .The epididymis is relatively large and is firmly attached to the dorso lateral surface of the testes. The histological study was showed that the spermatogonia are identified adjacent to the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules either singly or in cluster but they do not form a complete basal layer. The primary spermatocyte are the largest cells of the spermotogenic population . Their nuclei are notable for both their size and appearance ,being big and vesicular is due to the presence of condensed chromatin. The secondary spermatocyte enter the second meiotic division ,the subsequent cells formed from this division are spermatids. Spermatocytogenesis ends when spermatids appears .The spermatids undergo a complex process of differentiation leading to the transformation of these spermatids into sperm . Based on changes in the acrosomes and nuclei during the development of spermatid will give rise mature spermatozoa. .


Objective:To investigate the effect of surgical treatment in colorectal carcinoma combined with lung nodule.Metholds:Collected the clinical data with surgical treatment in 26 colorectal carcinoma cases combined with lung nodule.Results:All operations were successful,without death in operation and postoperation.One case with stoma fistula smoothly healed after two weeks of conventional treatment.Fifteen cases were diagnosed as lung metastasis from intestinal tumor by pathology.Average survival time(AST) was 43.5 months,median survival time(MST) was 40.0 months,for 25 cases with complete follow-up.The cases were divided into lung metastasis group(LMG) and non-lung metastasis group(NLMG).The AST and MST were 48.9 months and 49.0 months respectively in NLMG,and were 36.0 months and 37.0 mongths respectively in LMG.It was better in NLMG than LMG,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.060).Conclusion:Resection of both colorectal carcinoma and lung nodule is reliable and feasible,it has satisfactory effect.


The syndrome of gustatory sweating following radical neck dissection appeared in six patients, five of whom had sweating occur on the neck skin, and one, on the facial skin. The most typical location is in the submandibular area on the upper skin flap. The aberrant regeneration of autonomic nerve fibers after injury best explains the abnormal sweating. The fact that nerves to the sweat glands are functionally cholinergic although anatomically sympathetic is the critical factor in establishing this abnormal pathway and allowing neurohumoral transmission of nerve impulses.


Prescribed fire is used to reduce rate of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) encroachment and dominance on grassland ecosystems, but is difficult to apply in continuousgrazed systems because of the difficulty in accumulating sufficient herbaceous biomass (that is, 'fine fuel') that is needed to fuel fire. We evaluated the potential of rotationally grazing cattle as a means to defer grazing to provide fine fuel burning. Mesquite cover changes from 1995 to 2000 were compared in four systems: continuous grazing, mesquite untreated (Cont.), 4 pasture/1 herd with fire (4:1F), 8 pasture/1 herd with fire (8:1F), and 4:1 with fire + herbicide (4:1F+H). There were two replicate systems per treatment, each 1,400-2,100 ha. The initial goal in the 4:1F and 8:1F systems was to burn 25 percent of the total area each year (1 pasture in 4:1F; 2 pastures in 8:1F). Fires were conducted in late winter. Mesquite cover was measured using digitized aerial images in 1995 (pre-treatment) and 2000. Droughts limited burning over this 5-year period to half the intended area of each system. Stocking rates, while adjusted in response to droughts, were maintained at similar levels in all systems. Net change in mesquite cover, scaled to account for soil types and pasture sizes in each system, was +34 percent, +15 percent, +5 percent, and -41 percent in the Cont., 4:1F, 8:1F, and 4:1F+H systems, respectively. Cattle performance was similar for all systems during the study period. Rotational grazing and fire systems slowed the rate of mesquite cover increase but did not reduce it. Fire was easier to apply in the 8:1F than the 4:1F system during drought because total area burned could be reduced to 1/8 instead of 1/4 of the system.


This paper presents a new structure of bone conduction speaker. It is smaller than the conventional structure by removing an extra space. The magnetic path of this structure is not wasteful because the coil case is attached a cover and this structure uses the magnetic material as the vibrating plate. This structure operates by flowing the audio current into the voice coil. That reason is the change of magnetic attractive force between the magnetic pole of yoke and magnet. The authors revealed various characteristics of this structure by the electromagnetic field analysis and structural analysis by using the 3-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM). As the result of electromagnetic analysis, the leakage flux of this structure is lower than the conventional structure by 55.2 %. As the result of structural analysis, the sound pressure level (SPL) of this structure is higher than the conventional structure by 12.6 %. Consequently, the performance of this structure is improved.


INTRODUCTON Metformin [Figure No.1] is an oral ant diabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is most widely prescribed ant diabetic drug in the world used to treat type 2 diabetes. Metformin helps to control the amount of glucose (sugar) in blood. It decreases the amount of glucos e and also increases body's response to insulin, a na tural substance that controls the amount of glucose in the ABSTRACT A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed fo r the simultaneous estimation of the Metformin and Acarbose in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was ru n through thermo BDS (250mm 4.6mm, 5μ). Mobile phase containing Buffer and Acetonitrile in the rat io of 35:65A was pumped through column at a flow ra te of 1ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.02N KH 2PO4 buffer at P H 3.3. Temperature was maintained at 30oC. Optimized wavelength for Metformin and Acarbo se was 215nm. Retention time of Metformin and Acarbose were found to be 2.8min and 4.0min. %RSD o f the Metformin and Acarbose were found to be 0.65 and 0.9 respectively. %Recover was Obtained as 99.83% and 99.97% for Metformin and Acarbose respectively. LOD, LOQ values are obtained from reg ression equations of Metformin and Acarbose were 0.4ppm, 1.3ppm and 0.8ppm, 2.5ppm respectively. Reg ression equation of Metformin is y = 13779x + 1840, and of Acarbose is y = 16828x + 4143.


In the present paper we give a detailed description of the method to construct finite N = 1 SUSY gauge field theories in the framework of N = 1 superfields within dimensional regularization. The finiteness of all the Green functions is based on supersymmetry and gauge invariance and is achieved by a proper choice of matter content of the theory and Yukawa couplings in the form yi = fi(e)g, where g is the gauge coupling, and the function fi(e) is regular at e = 0 and is calculated in perturbation theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions for finiteness are determined already in the one-loop approximation. The correspondence with an earlier proposed approach to construct finite theories based on eigenvalue solutions of renormalization-group equations is established.


Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) are widely used in a variety of applications such as hybrid radomes, filters, polarizers and the realization of reflector antennas [1], because they allow for precise customised control over frequency response and have both a low profile and low cost. Recently, there has been research conducted to identify even lower cost alternatives to standard manufacturing processes [2]. Here, we present an extremely low cost direct printing method based on thermal transfer printing using a novel metallic ribbon; in this case aluminium. To the authors' knowledge is the first time this manufacturing technique has been reported for the fabrication of FSS structures. While thermal transfer printers are widely used for printing traditional ink-on-paper label designs, such as barcodes and time stamps, new developments in conductive ribbons [3] now enable metallic structures to be patterned directly. A key advantage over conductive inks printed via offset lithography is increased conductivity and, as a result, higher performing electrical structures. In the thermal transfer method, metal structures are fabricated by passing the label and ribbon between a platen roller and a thermal element or head, which passes heat through the ribbon and transfers a pattern, as illustrated by Fig. 1.


Polyneuropathies due to toxins continue to pose a challenge to the medical profession. Early suspicion of the condition, correct identification of the toxin and timely institution of therapy is not only life saving but can also greatly reduce the morbidity burden of the condition. We report six cases (2 females, 4 males) belonging to the same family and presenting with similar features of an acute to subacute onset, symmetrical, predominantly distal, graded, painful, sensori-motor polyneuropathy. All these patients complained of recurrent episodes of vomiting which started within 30 minutes to two hours of ingestion of home cooked vegetarian meal. After a variable period of 2–7 days the symptoms of polyneuropathy appeared. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated an axonal type of sensori-motor polyneuropathy. The temporal onset of symptoms, involvement of several individuals at the same time and a consistent and similar pattern of clinical findings were features highly suggestive of a toxin etiology. Using a structured and a logical approach in the background of the characteristic clinical picture the diagnostic possibilities were significantly narrowed down. Since the patients presented late and due to financial and technical constraints all tests could not be performed the toxin could not be confirmed. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.2007.140405


2010 and aMED have been associated with a variety of disease outcomes. Nevertheless, it is also important to examine distinct aspects of diet as well, which is why we included these data. As there may be some confusion about the terms used for each dietary component in our article, we wish to clarify here. The total protein foods component in HEI-2010 specifically refers to lean red meat and poultry, eggs, as well as beans and peas (which are included when the total protein foods standard is not met). It does not include dairy; or seafood and plant proteins (except beans and peas), which are separate components in HEI-2010. We would also like to clarify that the red and processed meat of aMED was actually associated with CLD and HCC in the opposite direction, as mentioned by Vinciguerra, with participants eating more red and processed meat having nonsignificantly higher risk of HCC incidence and CLD mortality than participants eating less. Looking across the sources of protein, we see some evidence for increased risks, with eating more red and processed meat and decreased relative risks with eating more eggs, beans, and peas. Associations for dairy were mixed for each endpoint. As is always the case, and particularly with regard to observational studies, public health recommendations should only be made based on the totality of the evidence, not on the results of individual studies. Unfortunately, relatively few studies of diet in CLD and HCC are available. Future studies of dietary patterns and individual dietary components, such as protein, are needed. WEN-QING LI, PH.D. YIKYUNG PARK, Sc.D. KATHERINE A. McGLYNN, PH.D. ALBERT R. HOLLENBECK, PH.D. PHILIP R. TAYLOR, M.D., Sc.D. ALISA M. GOLDSTEIN, PH.D. Neal D. Freedman, PH.D. Department of Dermatology Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School Providence, RI Genetic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville, MD Nutritional Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville, MD Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville, MD AARP (retired) Washington, DC


It is clinically important for pedicle screws to be placed quickly and accurately. Misplacement of pedicle screws results in various complications. However, the incidence of complications varies greatly due to the different professional titles of physicians and surgical experience. Therefore, physicians must minimize pedicle screw dislocation. This study aims to compare the three nail placement methods in this study, and explore which method is the best for determining the anatomical landmarks and vertical trajectories.