Microsatellite sequences from Litopenaeus schmitti, a penaeid shrimp species used in Cuban aquaculture, were identified from a 300-700 bp insert DNA library. A total of 910 colonies were obtained and screened for repetitions; 114 resulted positive: 106 for the oligonucleotides (TC)15, (TG)15 and (TAA)15 and 8 for the (GTG)15 oligonucleotide. Dinucleotide repetitions prevailed over other motifs and GT was the most abundant, representing 50%. Optimal amplification conditions were determined for two loci (Lsch-1 and Lsch-2), which were used to analyze three shrimp populations (one wild and two hatchet). Six alleles were found for Lsch-1 (GT)n and 8 alleles for Lsch-2 (composite). The results suggest that the two loci are useful for studying L. schmitti populations.


This article sought to describe the experience of gamification as a complementary methodological tool, in the perspective of the didactic support of the teaching and learning process of undergraduate nursing students in the context of the Women's Health discipline. It is a descriptive study, like an experience report, in which a hypermedia game was developed in a didactic sequence, in which the promotion of the student in the role of protagonist of his learning was sought. Through the didactic sequence and dialogue with the students, it was identified that everyone joined the activity, participating actively and enthusiastically in solving the questions and evolving the game, indicating an excellent acceptance of the methods used. It is possible to observe the adequacy of gamification as a methodological support tool in the teaching and learning process, providing fixation of scientific knowledge of the subject addressed. With that, it is concluded that gamification can become a relevant didactic support tool for teaching several subjects to nursing students.


This paper presents a remote control of a motor vehicle and theft prevention uses a wireless network to receive the information and transmits it to the motor vehicle. A user uses a communication device, such as a Bluetooth (ESD200) in mobile phone, to send instructions to the wireless network. The research idea focuses on the users into authorized ones by simulation. Firstly, to develop the embedded system into a security system is to identify the authorized drivers in response to the real time. A microcontroller (ET-BASE PIC18F8722 (ICD2)) is installed in the car for transmitter Bluetooth in mobile phone using Python, Paraniwin and MPlab program to interface that is complete and showing on the mobile phone screen that is available. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed method is valid and useful against the vehicle thefts problem with a success rate of 100% within surrounding distance12 meters with the door opening intrusion message (SMS) alert via mobile phone within 5 seconds.


The article concerns to the peculiarities of the metaphorical deployment of journalistic texts. It clarifies the coordination between syntactic position of metaphor and the semantic movement of the whole text and identifies specific techniques for organization of journalistic texts by using metaphors. It is concluded that in some publicistic texts figural dominant presents the result of cognitive activity of journalist simultaneously spreading estimating semes to the entire text.


A complete three-dimensional simulation tool for X-ray scatter imaging experiments was developed. This tool is able to compute the interaction of the incoming X-ray beam with a 3D sample having defined X-ray cross-sections and to record the radiation detected by the collimation-detection system. The physical model of the interaction includes X-ray absorption, and elastic as well as inelastic scattering. The philosophy was to develop an efficient code with a high degree of flexibility in the choice of the experiment geometry and of the properties of the individual components to aid design optimization and data correction procedures of X-ray scatter experiments. Tests on representative case studies will be described. As a useful byproduct, a correction matrix is easily obtained that can be used to minimize the well known problem of attenuation effects in the acquired X-ray scatter images.


An extensive survey of the clay minerals and the other mineral colloids of many soils led to the conclusions that the chemical environment that exists in a soil during its development determines the kind of clay minerals that are being formed and that the frequency distribution of the clay minerals and the other mineral colloids, exclusive of those inherited from the parent material, are determined by the chemical environment occurring during soil formation. Furthermore, the chemical environment also determines the nature and extent of the alteration that biotite and muscovite undergo during breakdown to colloidal dimensions.


We have studied a magnetic levitation system using magnetic shielding effect of a superconducting bulk made of gadolinium. We extended the experimental apparatus from the previously used basic model to parallely placed 2-basic model. The peak levitation force in the 2-basic model was more than double the force in the basic model due to the bending of magnetic force lines. We could successfully obtain the large levitation force.


Abstract : PROBLEM: Current high power commercial engines are not compact enough for future manned ground combat platforms. Future ground combat vehicles will require lighter and more efficient engines that occupy less space. Current state of the art engines require significant development to operate on one fuel and meet future vehicle power and mobility needs. RESEARCH CHALLENGES: Diesel combustion research to increase physical burn time; Propulsion system research to increase power density; Engine thermal management research; Research combustion optimization strategy for JP-8 military version of an emission compliant commercial engine.


A theoretical model on the multiwavelength output of a fiber grating external cavity semiconductor laser has been presented. Theoretical analysis reveal that the multiwavelength operation can be realized through selecting correctly the reflectivity arrangement of fiber grating in all desired wavelengths. As a result, the fiber grating reflectivity allotment and the multiwavelength output bandwidth (defined as the wavelength range that the multiwavelength output can be generated) have been investigated theoretically and numerically.


Network security has become more important to personal computer users, organizations, and the military. With the appearance of the web, security turned into a noteworthy concern and the historical backdrop of security permits a superior comprehension of the development of security innovation. The web structure itself took into account numerous security dangers to happen. The design of the web, when altered can diminish the conceivable assaults that can be sent over the system. Knowing the assault strategies, takes into consideration the fitting security to develop. Numerous organizations secure themselves from the web by method for firewalls and encryption components. The organizations make an "intranet" to stay associated with the web however secured from conceivable dangers. The whole field of system security is limitless and in a developmental stage. The scope of study incorporates a short history going back to web's beginnings and the present improvement in system security. With a specific end goal to comprehend the exploration being performed today, foundation learning of the web, its vulnerabilities, assault techniques through the web, and security innovation is imperative and subsequently they are investigated.


This paper uses micro data from a randomized survey carried out in the metropolitan area of Quebec City, Canada, to analyze the decision to evade taxes and work in the 'underground' economy. The results indicate that taxes distort labor-market activities away from the regular sector to the underground sector but the distortion is small for the average worker. The distortion is large, however, for particular groups of the population such as welfare claimants. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.


This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of legal personhood. It presents the central concepts, terminology, and legal doctrines pertaining to legal personhood, and explains the relevance of the notion for various contemporary legal debates. The chapter also presents the book's methodology, which is a version of the reflective equilibrium. It thus lays the groundwork for one of the central theses the book: that the Orthodox View of legal personhood is unable to explain many of the convictions regarding legal personhood that are accepted widely by jurists in the Western world.


Vehicles are one of the most important sources of environmental pollution, which make amajor concern in the public health and environment issues. When fuel is burned in the combustion engines, waste emitted from the car exhaust. The most serious of these waste are carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides [1]. Techniques such as EGR and WI were used to reduce the ratio of gases emissions. This paper presents the design of artificial neural networks to estimate the amount of emitted gases in three combustion systems. The first uses Water Injection (WI) technique, the second uses Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) technique and the third uses a combine technique of them. The results obtained from the neural networks were compared with the measurements in the practical experiment. The test results showed that the neural network provide a good identification for the three systems.


In this paper, the electromagnetic force acting on the arc column of 3 different type extinction units is compared using the FEM (finite element method) and the arc velocity is calculated by the drag force of the fluid mechanics. The experiment for breaking was performed in each model at 100 V in order to measure the arcing time. And its result was compared with computing values, the confirmed validity of theory. As a result, this paper proposes that the divided U-shaped grid is able to shorten arcing time and improve of the electric performance. And it suggests a methodology for comparing and analyzing the results obtained by simulation and experiment.


During enzymatic hydrolysis of trout (Onchorhunchus mykiss) by-products four lipid containing fractions were generated: oil, emulsion, fish protein hydrolysates and sludge. The raw material consisted of combinations of viscera, backbone and digestive tract and was hydrolysed with Alcalase enzyme at different time and temperature and determined fatty acid compositions of extracted oil from these waste. As a result of study, highest amount of fatty acids detected in the oil fractions extracted from trout waste by using alkali protease enzyme for all temperature were total mono-unsaturated fatty acids (44,05%-46,46%) followed by total polyunsaturated fatty acids (23,12%-24,41%) and total saturated fatty acids (21.94%- 23.74%). The highest total saturated fatty acids (ƩSFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ƩPUFA), total n6 fatty acids (Ʃn6) of the trout wastes hydrolyzed at 40 C and 50 C were obtained after 4 hours of hydrolysis (p <0.05). The reaction time had significant effects on the fatty acid compositions of extracted oil fraction. It can be recommended that the waste can be an important additive that can meet the fatty acid requirement of human and the cultivated species.


Introduction: Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids at the center and more polar amphipathic lipids at their surface are called Lipoproteins. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) aids in cholesterol homeostasis by removing it from cells by several different mechanisms. The results of HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) should be accurate and reliable, especially for the patients with borderline values, where the variation resulting from the methodology used may interfere with the interpretation of clinical scenario by the doctors. Aim: To compare the results of HDL values obtained by using three different technical methods. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using 30 serum samples from the Biochemistry laboratory of KLE Society's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India for HDL values, each for the three different technical methods (fully-automated, semi-automated and manual method). The data obtained was analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics the mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Results: Results of serum samples analysed for HDL-C values ranged from 31-79 mg/dL (mean 43.1) in fully-automated analyser, 28.06-75.18 (mean 39.6) in semi-automated and 27.06-62.7 mg/dL (mean 39.7) using manual method. There was significant difference in the mean values of HDL-C values obtained using the three different methods and positive correlation was established on comparing semi-automated and manual method (Semi-automated v/s manual method, r=0.827) and found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As HDL estimation is routinely done in many of the clinical laboratories, a sound knowledge of the HDL values obtained using different techniques can help the clinicians while ordering for the test and also for diagnosing and monitoring of the cases with various lipid abnormalities.


Abstract
 Progress in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remains unequal: adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in marginalised communities, or in very poor households. This study aimed to comprehend from adolescents' own perspectives, the circumstances of falling pregnant and coping with motherhood in informal settlements in South Africa, to better understand the SRH challenges adolescents in these settings may face. A qualitative study was carried out over a two-month period in 2019 to analyse the perceptions held by adolescents in informal settlements served by four community-level clinics in the adjacent township. We found that adolescents face overlapping barriers in seeking to avoid unintended pregnancy in informal settlements. Once they become mothers, their trajectory is limited by the resources and support available from their own parents, particularly their mothers, and to a lesser extent, their partners. We draw on the concept of agency to examine their accounts and to highlight the importance of addressing broader contextual constraints.


Lactam-containing conjugated molecules are important building blocks for conjugated polymers for high performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The alkylation on conjugated lactam building blocks may preferably produce either O-alkylated or N-alkylated isomers, which might have different influences on the HOMO/LUMO energy levels, π–π stacking patterns and crystallinity of the corresponding polymers. However, the influence of O-alkylation and N-alkylation on the OFET performance of the resultant polymers has not been reported. Here, with an improved synthetic strategy, we prepared the N-alkylated isomer of dibenzonaphthyridinedione (DBND), a tetracyclic lactam building block that used to give O-alkylated product preferably, which gave us a chance to compare the influence of N-alkylated DBND (N-DBND) and O-alkylated DBND (O-DBND) on the OFET performance of the corresponding polymers. It was found that the polymer based on N-DBND exhibits a much higher hole mobility (0.55 cm2 V–1 s–1), almost 100...


The rockburst data of Huafeng and Da'anshan Mine were analysised in this paper. From the statistical results, we know that the relation between magnitude and frequency in rockburst is linear. Using this relation, the maximum magnitude and tendency of rockburst can be predicted.The theory can improve the quantitive prediction level in rockburst.


In this article, we present an integrated approach to social-emotional learning and culturally responsive teaching (SEL/CRT), a framework that has guided the advocacy and practical work of teacher educators (including the authors of this article) in Massachusetts. Hailing from a range of higher education programs across the state, this group has organized to advocate for systematic integration of culturally responsive SEL in all teacher preparation programs in Massachusetts


Rice is an essential food commodity in national and food security in Indonesia with a complex supply chain network. Various risks related to food quality and food safety occurs along the supply chain. Therefore, a tool is needed to monitor the rice production process from upstream to downstream (land-to-table) by implementing a traceability system to promote food transparency. In this system, all actors must be responsible for ensuring the quality and safety of products through various handling processes carried out from cultivation to product distribution. This paper aimed to develop a smart IT (Information Technology)-based traceability system in the rice supply chain using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The actors involved in the rice supply chain consist of farmers, processing industries, distributors, bulogs, and retailers. Furthermore, this paper discussed the system architecture and the development of traceability system design using a data flow diagram (DFD). The developed prototype system shows the functional requirements of the system and can be used by stakeholders to monitor the production process and assist the decision-making process.


The invention relates to a hydraulically damped mounting device (3) with an adjustable overflow channel (30). The overflow channel (30) should be adjustable continuously as possible in more than two switch positions over a predetermined frequency range. To determine the size of the flow cross section of the overflow channel (30) a further sensor is to be avoided. This is characterized realized that an adjusting element (22) by means of by an electronic circuit (31) controllable stepper motor (18) and a transmission means (19, 21) is adjustable relative to an opening formed as a conical surface bypass opening (24), wherein (by a transfer means 19, 21) the rotational movement of the stepping motor (18) convertible into a translatory movement and be transferred to the adjusting element (22).


The paper analyses production and economic characteristics of the farms, situated in the dry regions, defined according to various methods, in the Czech Republic. To consider the chance for obtaining the support for the less-favoured areas (natural handicapped areas) according to the rules of the EU is its main aim. It was found out that drought can have negative influence on the economic results in case of some farms and thus endanger agricultural cultivation of the land. For obtaining the subsidies in the natural handicapped areas after 2013 it would be necessary to change the rules of these measures in the Czech Republic. In light of recent Commission proposals on the CAP after 2014, analytical results support the requirements for better tailored policies to diverse rural regions of the EU.


The bonding in the ligands PH3, PF3, and PMe3 is described by ab initio SCF–MO calculations, and the results compared with experimental dipole moments and ionization potentials.


To investigate whether goal‐directed fluid therapy (GDFT) with the LiDCOrapid system can reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension and improve neonatal outcome.


Band analysis for the determination of noise characteristics. The great number of data during the determination of noise characteristics of internal combustion engines, and the subsequent mathematical operations for their processing require significant resources in respect to time and technical appliances. During the processing with one and the same technical appliances, the use of multidimensional massifs for the structure formation of data in frequency bands is one of the ways for the acceleration of calculation process. These methods of approach leads to significant acceleration of data processing, and to analysis extend of the investigated process. The use of frequency bands unifies the analysis of results got at different operation modes of the engines. Introduction During the high-speed recording of periodical processes running with high frequency a certain derivation in periods' length of the single cycles is marked. This derivation is mainly due to a certain unevenness of process running, caused by factors of different origin. When a quantitative evaluation of the signal is done this unevenness leads to a derivation in the values of amplitudes and noise levels in cycles, while during the spectral analysis significant derivations in the amplitudes values of low-frequency harmonics are available. For the subsequent synthesis of the functions it is necessary the harmonics of higher order for all processes to be examined which leads to significant increase of their total number. For the goal of this working out it is investigated that the distinctions in these results are minimum at number of examined diagrams greater than 4, thus 6 diagrams for a certain process are processed during the calculations. The use of greater number of diagrams multiplies the experimental data for processing, and increases the length of the primary vectors. Presentation The goal of this study is the use of algorithms for the simultaneous processing of recorded data in order the process of calculations for the noise characteristics determination of internal combustion engines to be accelerated. This method of approach allows grouping of data in frequency bands with set in advance parameters and analysis intensification of measurements data, because the presence of possibilities for operating with integrated massifs and transposed matrices. After each processing the large number of calculations results has to be kept also in integrated massifs, which elements in common case have different dimensions. A point of the method The harmonic analysis of the data is done simultaneously for all processes and elementary diagrams. The input massifs of sound pressure and the range of the harmonics j j m m max min ÷ subject to examination are determined. The range is necessary for the drawing up of the frequency spectrum of the signal investigated in the set frequency range. Fd1 Fd1k j , Kdruck Mj ( )k nulaj + 1 , ⋅ ← k 0 Tj 1 − .. ∈ for j 1 last M ( ) .. ∈ for := (1) The frequency analysis of the sound pressure is done by harmonic analysis of discrete functions according to the method of Fourier represented in [5]. This method is worked out in this study for processing with massifs as program cycles for the processing of multidimensional incoming arrays are used.


The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated risk management model for standardized management systems: ISO 9001:2015 for quality management, ISO 14001:2015 for environmental management, ISO/IEC 27001:2013 for information security management, ISO 45001:2018 for Occupational Health and Safety Management, and ISO 22000:2005 for food safety management in order to enable organizations can manage their processes and associated risks versus requirements of each internal and external stakeholder through only one MS instead of several individual MSs defined and implemented in an isolated way according to a specific MSS and hence to decrease the number of resources employed and to enhance the organization performance.


The relation between the new poetry of China, which was born on the eve of "The May Fourth Movement", and the classical poetry of China is a very complicated subject. This thesis investigates the complicated relation between them and draws the following conclusion, On one hand ,there is countless relation of inheritting between them; on the other hand, there are great variation and development in other words, to say some ruptures do not meet with the historical reality.


The 2004 American Jobs Creation Act (AJCA or the Act) was intended to encourage U.S. companies to repatriate foreign earnings and invest them domestically to increase capital spending and employment. We investigate combined effects of two tax provisions, i.e., the repatriation tax holiday and the domestic production activities deduction (DPAD) on domestic investment and payout behaviors. In doing so, we sort repatriating firms based on tightness of capital constraints. We find that the two tax incentives fail to induce non-constrained, repatriating firms benefiting from DPAD to reinvest the capital domestically. Only capital-constrained, repatriating firms benefiting from DPAD increase domestic investment and reduce share repurchases; however, these firms increase cash dividends. Our findings should be useful to policy makers in their considerations to modify the corporate tax structure to increase domestic investment by encouraging U.S. firms to repatriate foreign earnings and reinvest them domestically.


The electron temperature T/sub e/ is obtained from five optically non-thin Ar I line-transitions. It is possible to measure T/sub e/ without any knowledge of transition probabilities. The electron density N/sub e/ can be calculated from measured excited level densities using the partial LTE model. It appears that there is a functional dependence of N/sub e/ on T/sub e/, suggesting that transport processes are of only minor importance. The deviations from LTE can be described by assuming a N/sub e/-dependent overpopulation of the ground level of Ar I. This overpopulation factor varies from 1.9 for N/sub e/=2*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ to 1.25 for N/sub e/=2*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/


In the past decades, the theory of our news spreading has been lagging behind other countries in the world, showing mainly unadaptedness to media developments, shortage of business-management principles, over-emphasizing of political objects, contradiction between the media structure and advanced relation of production. Facing up to multi-challenge to newborn media and globalization, we should take the "Three Represents" as a weapon and have a historical inspection so as to innovate our theory of news spreading.


A numerical modeling of the surface recombination of nitrogen atoms on Pyrex is developed to account for the temperature dependence of the loss probability γ on the temperature in the range 290–611.5 K. Nitrogen atom recombination is a first-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism at a temperature below 400 K where both the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and the Eley–Rideal mechanisms are taking place above. Calculated results are compared to experimental measurements obtained in an Ar–N2 Lewis–Rayleigh afterglow. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. The activation energy of the recombination processes is close to 20 kJ/mol. The weak difference between the theory and the experiment is due to the value of the model parameters and not to the influence of the vibrationally excited molecules, which is very weak. It is suggested that the rate constant for vibrational de-excitation of N2(X,v) by an adsorption–phonon mechanism is underestimated. The recombination rate of nitrogen atom on the wall of a cylindrical Pyrex tube i...


Global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a global problem. Solid municipal waste landfills are the third largest source of artificial methane emissions. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. The net zero emissions target was set to strike a balance between emissions and anthropogenic GHG disposal by 2050. Methane emissions from active or closed landfills may be reduced by methane oxidation, which is developed as a coating over these landfills. Methane (CH4) is an important gas that causes greenhouse effects on Earth and has an atmospheric warming potential of 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim of this study is to find out whether cellulose in the biocover contributes to improving the performance of biocover and to decreasing methane emissions. An experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that studied the effectiveness of biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns were created with a diameter of 160 mm and a height of 1500 mm. An active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further applied and finally covered with biocover. The first biocover consisted of 50% of fine fraction waste, 50% of clay soil. The second biocover consisted of 40% of fine fraction waste, 40% of clay soil and 20% cellulose (shredded paper). Measurements were performed with the CRDS device, Picarro G2508. The measurements were taken weekly for 5 months.


In the article the psychological base of heroic characters of the mediaeval German epos "Das Nibelungenlied" and the Scandinavian "Edda" in literary interpretations of the playwrights and realists F. Hebbel and H. Ibsen is presented.


The unrelieved developments in the field of power electronics have cemented a strong base to distributed generation, exploiting various renewable and nonrenewable energy resources. However, such a power generation is denied permission to supply during accidental isolation owing to copious whys and wherefores. It is vital to perceive such isolation and eventually shut down the distributed generators under such circumstances. To do so, an active islanding detection based on disturbance injection through q-axis current controller is adopted, and an analyzing method is proposed in this article for converter-interfaced multiple DGs (including solar, PMSG-based wind energy conversion system and battery) to distinguish between the islanded and nonislanded situations. The proposed method is competent to detect the island formation, within 160 ms, in a decentralized manner, with zero nondetection zone for the load quality factor $\leq 2.5$ and also distinguishes the nonislanding conditions from the islanding conditions accurately. The proposed analyzing methodology is corroborated for several operating conditions by simulation using MATLAB 2017b/Simulink platform.


We present a 55-year-old patient, with a history of essential hypertension and heavy smoking habit. He was also followed up due to chronic ischaemia of lower limbs IIb of the Fontaine classification.

He was referred for effort angina (CCS III) within the past months. A stress echocardiography demonstrated …


Children must learn the variation in morphological productivity based on limited inputs. Previous studies have suggested several factors in the...


Background: Lineage-specific gene transcription signatures between AML and ALL are recognized, but post-translational phenotype-specific protein expression profiles remain undefined. We hypothesized that functional proteomic patterns vary between AML and ALL and that the activity state of cells correlates with response to therapy within subgroups, complementing cytogenetic and molecular data.
 Methods: Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were generated using bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from newly diagnosed B-ALL (n=114), T-ALL (n=14), and AML (n=241) adult patients admitted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. RPPA allowed simultaneous expression measurement of 229 highly validated protein antibodies including 3 Histone 3 (H3) post-translational methylation regulatory modifications; H3K4Me2, H3K4Me3 and H3K27Me3.
 Results: Unsupervised clustering of histone modification protein expressions distinguished AML from ALL in freshly prepared lysates from BM (n=241) and PB (n=127) as well as when BM and PB samples were combined (fig. 1A). The ALL-enriched cluster was dominated by high H3K27Me3. Elevated H3K27Me3 levels were found in the BM derived leukemic blasts compared to PB blasts in ALL (P < 0.001), but not AML (P = 0.35).
 Trimethylation of the repressive mark H3K27 is catalyzed by the polycomb group protein Ezh2. Oncogenic gain-of-functions of Ezh2 are seen in patients with lymphoid malignancies and others have shown that mutated Ezh2 increased H3K27Me3 in B-cells which associated with tumorigenesis. H3K27Me3 and Ezh2 antibody expressions were highly correlated in another RPPA of ALL and AML we created (R2=0.49, P < 0.001).
 Profiling of methylation marks using unsupervised clustering in ALL divided patients in 2 clusters that correlated with survival (fig. 1B-C, P = 0.02). Cluster 1 (C1) with higher H3K27Me3, H3K4Me2 and H3K4Me3 was associated with better outcome. In ALL, Ph+ historically associated with poor prognosis but outcomes have improved substantially with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). In our cohort, 11/26 Ph+ ALL patients were treated with TKIs and it is notable that sensitivity to TKIs correlated with cluster membership; all C1 patients (high degree of methylation) were alive after 7 years of follow-up in contrast to none of the TKI-treated Ph+ ALL patients in cluster 2 (C2, low degree of methylation) (fig. 1D, P = 0.01). Recently, TKI resistance in Ph+ ALL has been proposed to associate with smoking due to altered DNA methylation patterns caused by chemical components of cigarette smoke. Retrospectively, we identified that 2 of 11 TKI treated patients were smokers. Both had membership in C2, were resistant against TKIs and died after 1 year. Thus, 2 out of 3 resistant TKI treated Ph+ ALL were smokers compared to none of the 8 responders.
 We then aimed to identify proteins that are potentially downregulated by increased expression of the repressive mark H3K27Me3. Pathway enrichment analysis of 59 significant negatively correlated proteins with H3K27Me3 revealed that these are involved in tyrosine kinase activity and resistance, including Jak/STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. If these pathways are less activated in patients with high H3K27Me3, then this can partially explain the increased sensitivity to TKIs in this subgroup. Clinically, no differences were found in age, BM and PB blast counts between TKI-treated C1 and C2 patients to provide an explanation for the higher death rate in C2.
 Conclusion: ALL and AML share some pathophysiology and the identification of differences in the functional activity of cells may contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of both diseases. Here we report that high H3K27Me3 protein levels in BM and PB distinguish ALL from AML and are related to TKI sensitivity in Ph+ ALL. Histone methylation status defines a group of Ph+ ALL patients that does not benefit from the addition of TKI therapy. The idea that smoking alters the epigenetic machinery in TKI resistant Ph+ ALL has been proposed and warrants further investigation.
 Fig. 1 A) Heatmap showing histone methylation levels in BM and PB from AML and ALL patients. B) Heatmap showing histone methylation levels in ALL BM and PB. Unsupervised clustering divided samples into 2 clusters. C) ALL patients in C1 survived longer than patients in C2 (P = 0.02). D) Increased long-term sensitivity for TKI therapy in C1 Ph+ ALL patients compared to C2 (100 vs. 0%, P = 0.01).
 Figure.1

 Jabbour: AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cyclacel LTD: Research Funding; Adaptive: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding.


Charge transport in the hole-doped quasi-1D model system Y$_{2-x}$Ca$_x$BaNiO$_5$ (x $\\leq$ 0.15) is investigated in the 50-300 K temperature range. The resistivity temperature dependence is characterized by a constant activation energy $E_{a}/k_{B}\\sim$ 1830 K at room temperature while $E_{a}$ decreases upon cooling. We suggest that $E_{a}$ measures the binding energy of the doped holes which form magneto-acoustic polarons when polarizing the neighboring Ni spins. A semi-classical model is proposed which allows to relate the electrical measurements and the bulk magnetic susceptibility. This model gives a picture of the spin-charge-lattice relation in this inhomogeneously doped quasi-1D system and explains its unusual one-particle charge excitation spectrum close to the Fermi level.


Oil is a critical macroeconomic component of the global economy. This is hardly surprising, given that the global crude oil market is the largest commodity. Oil price swings may reflect or even foretell changes in the political and economic stability of oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. This study examined the impact of oil prices on Gulf country stock markets using data from 2010 to 2020. The study applied the System Generalized Method of Moment estimation approach. The results indicate that stock markets are sensitive to oil prices and that their impact is positive. Similarly, economic activities and interest rates show a positive impact on stock prices. However, the stock market price index is insensitive to inflation. Furthermore, the stock market index depends on its own lag. This study recommends that Gulf Cooperation Council countries diversify their economies for financial stability, rather than relying solely on natural resources.


In this paper, it is shown that the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of late reverberant speech can be described by a first-order Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) model with the pole related to the reverberation time. Utilizing this first-order IIR model, an online method for reverberation time estimation (RTE) from a recorded reverberant signal is proposed. The proposed method takes advantage of processing in subband domain in order to reliably estimate the reverberation time in noisy environments. Comparing with a well-known maximum likelihood approach for RTE, the superior performance of the new approach for fast tracking of RT with higher accuracy is demonstrated.


Acid mine waters have the potential to seriously impair the environmental quality of aquatic systems long after mining activities have ceased. This detailed study of dissolved and particulate metal fluxes from adits, drains and streams in the Tamar river catchment, southwest England, showed that four specific sources accounted for most of the estimated 12 t of non-iron metals and metalloids annually discharged from an abandoned metalliferous mining area. Speciation studies revealed that the fraction of biologically available Cu in estuarine waters reaches concentrations (0.095 μg L -1 Cu) that can be toxic to some estuarine species. The study provided information necessary to prioritise remediation efforts in the context of sustainable catchment management.


This paper presents a simple control strategy for the operation of a variable speed stand-alone wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The PMSG is connected to a three phase resistive load through a switch mode rectifier and a voltage source inverter. Control of the generator side switch mode rectifier is used to achieve maximum power extraction from wind power. Control of the DC-DC bidirectional buck-boost converter, which is connected between batteries bank and DC-link voltage, is used to maintain the DC-link voltage at a constant value. It is also used to make the batteries bank stores a surplus of wind energy and supplies this energy to the load during a wind power shortage. The load side voltage source inverter uses a relatively complex vector control scheme to control the output load voltage in terms of amplitude and frequency. The control strategy works under wind speed variation as well as with variable load. Extensive simulations have been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results demonstrate that the controller performs very well in spite of variation in wind speed and load.


A CMH lamp and a method of making such a lamp are provided. The CMH lamp includes a lamp body that receives at least one end plug. The end plug is constructed from a core of cermet material received within an outer layer of a ceramic material. An electrode is placed into the cermet material. The application of heat causes the cermet material to contract and eliminate voids between the lamp and cermet material. Co-sintering of the lamp, core, and outer layer provides a hermetic seal without necessarily using e.g., a sealing frit. Sintering of the ceramic material surrounding the cermet can be also used to improve light output and photometric performance of the lamp. The creation of one or more openings or recesses in the end plug can also provide performance improvements.


This paper develops and tests implications of an oligopoly-pricing model. The model predicts that during a demand expansion, the short run competitive price is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium but in a recession, firms set prices above the competitive price. Thus, price markups over the competitive price are countercyclical. Prices set during a recession are more variable than prices set in expansions because firms employ mixed strategy pricing in recessions. The empirical analysis utilizes Hamilton's time series switching regime filter to test the predictions of the model. Fourteen out of fifteen industries have fluctuations consistent with this oligopoly-pricing model.


The ERIAL project is a two-year research study funded by a Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) grant through the Illinois State Library that ethnographically examines how undergraduate students at five universities conduct academic research and utilize library reference services and resources. The project is organized around three core goals: to gain a better understanding of undergraduates' research processes based on firsthand accounts of how they obtain, evaluate, and manage information for their assignments, to assess the role academic libraries and librarians play in these research processes, and finally, to adjust library resources and services to more effectively address students' research needs. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates a variety of anthropological data collection techniques, this study builds a holistic and user-centered portrait of student needs through an in situ examination of what students actually do while completing their research assignments.


As a delivery system for nasal immunization vaccines, biodegradable microspheres have several advantages such as extending immunization time and enhancing immune response. The recent advances in the entrapment materials and microsphere preparation methods are reviewed. The progress in research on microsphere distribution after intranasal administration, the immunization mechanisms and DNA nasal immunization microspheres are also described.


Two quantitative assessment methods,Dow Chemical Company Fire Explosion Index Method and Chemical Plant Risk Degrees method are compared from the view of both element and assessment procedure in this paper. And these two methods are used to evaluate natural gas shallow freezing unit, result are given after assessment. The risk sequencing is consistent with each other according to the results. The result of comparison is discussed,and it can provide evidence for comparison between different current assessment methods.


Exploration in the East Java Basin began in 1888 when first discovery was found in the Kuti field from the Lidah play. Fast forward to 2022, there has been a total of 143 discoveries accumulating to total resources of at least 2.2 Bbl oil and 13 TCF gas from more than 600 exploration wells drilled in the basin. More than half of the resources are contributed by the Kujung Play. As Kujung exploration matured, other exploration started to focus on the deeper plays such as the Eocene Ngimbang Carbonate, an underexplored play with sizeable potential. A newly drilled well in North Madura Platform well has succeeded to prove that Ngimbang carbonate contains excellent porosity and permeability as shown by the well test result and the total loss experienced during drilling. Cased hole logging results further proved the high porosity of the carbonate with values of up to 25-30%. Seismic analysis and well data analysis show that the Ngimbang carbonate experienced 3 stages of carbonate growth; Stage 1 – Initiation Phase, Stage 2 – Aggradation Phase, and Stage 3- Backstepping Phase. Based on the well log and petrography thin section analysis, the secondary porosity in Ngimbang carbonate was caused by intensive dissolution-karstification related to subaerial exposure and fracturing and dissolution due to the later diagenesis phase. The secondary porosity developed varies depending on the depositional environment setting and carbonate growth phase, with average of 10-15% porosity range within the shelf-edge to shelf depositional environment, and average of 20-25% (up to 35% max) on the distal isolated carbonate. The unique intense karstification in the isolated carbonate was contributed by tectonic subsidence rate variation which fluctuated the accommodation space formed, and global sea level falls and eustatic fluctuations during the Eocene-Oligocene periods which further promoted major subaerial exposures and contributed to the episodic karstification and secondary porosity generation.


Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IESs) are useful means to describe and deal with vague and uncertain data. An intuitionistic fuzzy C-means algorithm to cluster IESs is developed. In each stage of the intuitionistic fuzzy C-means method the seeds are modified, and for each IFS a membership degree to each of the clusters is estimated. In the end of the algorithm, all the given IFSs are clustered according to the estimated membership degrees. Furthermore, the algorithm is extended for clustering interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs). Finally, the developed algorithms are illustrated through conducting experiments on both the real-world and simulated data sets.


PURPOSE: To provide a medicinal pharmaceutical prepn. which contains a slow releasing compd. in addition to customarily used assistants and additives and is adjusted in the release of active substances. CONSTITUTION: This medicinal pharmaceutical prepn. contains 0.001 to 20 pts.wt. slow releasing components in 1 pt.wt. (in terms of a base) fulpirtin or its physiologically permissible salt and is adjusted in the release of the active substances having a range of 5 to 300 mg per hour in the release rate of the fulpirtin measured by a method of USP-XXII using an apparatus 2 in a test aq. soln. of pH 1.0 and/or pH 6.8. The active substances of the pharmaceutical prepn. are a) enclosed by one or several kinds of the slow releasing components (e.g.: CMC, polyvinyl acetate) or b) bonded with a cation exchanger or c) incorporated with an osmotically active material (e.g.: magnesium sulfate, urea) and are enveloped by semipermeable films each bored with one hole or d) embedded into digestable fats, nondigestable fats, fat-like materials, polymers or swelling materials. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Cardiologists are already familiar with the availability of implantable defibrillators as a treatment for sustained ventricular tachycardia. For two years, abdominally implantable defibrillators have been available from such companies as Guidant (GDT $48), Medtronic (MDT $54), and Ventritex (VNTX $17). However, it seems that cardiologists have not been in a rush to embrace this therapy. The number of transplants worldwide in 1995 was approximately 30,000, whereas the potential market size in sustained ventricular tachycardia patients is probably more than five times that large.


The methods of reducing parasitic oscillations in hand-pieces for ultrasonic therapeutic probes are proposed. The set and the method for measuring these oscillations are described as well as some experimental results.


Objective To establish a graded early warning system for dengue fever and assess its effect of early warning and to reduce the risk of dengue fever outbreak in Zhongshan,China Methods A graded early warning system for dengue fever was established based on relevant literature and the data of vector surveillance and human case surveillance in Zhongshan from 1990 to 2007.The system was used for graded early warning in Zhongshan from 2008 to 2011.The outbreak scales before and after the system was established were compared based on the data on dengue fever outbreaks in Zhongshan from 1990 to 2011 to assess the graded early warning system.Results The graded early warning system for dengue fever was established according to the following indices:mosquito and oviposition positive index(MOI),human cases,and month of year;the system divided the probability of dengue fever outbreak into 5 grades,i.e.,0:almost no probability;1:little probability;2:probability;3:high probability;4:outbreak.The system sent grade 2 early warning signals 5 times,grade 3 early warning signals twice,and grade 4 early warning signals once from 2008 to 2011.From 2008 to 2011,there was only one outbreak of dengue fever involving 3(1.20%) of 250 persons,which lasted for 20 d;from 1990 to 2007,there were 7 outbreaks of dengue fever involving 14-195(median,37)(0.84%-14.88%,median 3.81%) of all individuals,which lasted for 16-64 d(median,42 d).Conclusion After the graded early warning system for dengue fever was established,the outbreak scale of dengue fever decreased significantly during 2008-2011,as compared with those during 1990-2007.The graded early warning system plays an important role in reducing the risk of dengue fever outbreak in Zhongshan.


The adsorption of chloride ions on mercury from aqueous solutions of KCl + KF at constant ionic strength has been investigated by measurements of the double-layer capacity as a function of concentration. The adsorption can be represented by a one-constant virial form of isotherm with a non-linear charge dependence of the standard free energy of adsorption in contrast to the adsorption of the same ion from KCl solutions. The hump on the anodic branch of the capacity-potential curve arises partially from the effect of a decrease in the capacity at constant amount adsorbed superimposed on an increasing adsorption capacity, and partially from an inflexion in the charge dependence of the amount adsorbed; this in turn arises from the non-linear charge dependence of the standard free energy of adsorption. The constant charge isotherms for Cl– ion adsorption from KCl and from KCl + KF solutions cannot be superimposed irrespective of the choice of salt activity or mean ionic activity as the concentration variable.


Abstract Background: Transgender people using hormone treatment require lifelong medical care. Although cross-sex hormone treatment (CSHT) is usually considered safe, serious adverse events may occur. Here we report a case of deep vein thrombosis associated with estradiol treatment in an otherwise healthy young transgender woman. Case Presentation: A 21-year-old transgender woman using CSHT applied to our outpatient clinic with the complaint of painful swelling in her left leg. She was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the same leg one year earlier when she was admitted to the emergency room of another hospital with similar symptoms, and was given warfarin treatment for 3 months which has improved the symptoms. Three months after cessation of warfarin, symptoms re-occurred, but she was only able to apply to our clinic after another 3 months due to COVID-19 pandemic. Physical examination was unremarkable except asymmetrical swelling in the left leg. She has been receiving oral estradiol 6 mg/day and spironolactone 200 mg/day for 2 years. She denied taking estradiol in higher doses than recommended. She did not have any predisposing factors for DVT including obesity, immobilization and smoking. She had no prior history of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). Family history was also negative for thrombophilia except her uncle was diagnosed with ischemic cerebrovascular event at the age of 60. Lower extremity venous doppler ultrasonography revealed a thrombus in the left popliteal vein that caused total obstruction of blood flow to the distal. Plasma levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen were 0.35 mg/L and 262 mg/dL, respectively. Serum levels of sex hormones were estradiol: 204 pg/mL, total testosterone: 22.4 ng/dL, FSH: 0.22 mIU/mL, LH: 1.5 mIU/mL. Thrombophilia panel revealed a homozygous mutation in MTHFR (1296), and heterozygous mutations in both Factor V Leiden and plasma activator inhibitor (4G/5G). She was given enoxaparin in addition to warfarin until INR was elevated up to desired levels. Oral estradiol treatment was switched to transdermal route. Life-long anticoagulant treatment was suggested since the thrombotic event was triggered by estradiol treatment which will be continued. Conclusions: Limited data are available on incidence and management of VTE associated with estradiol treatment in male-to-female individuals. As in general population, routine screening for thrombophilia is not recommended in transgender women prior to the initiation of CSHT if no personal or family history of VTE is present. Even in the absence of predisposing factors, life-long anticoagulant therapy may be considered since the VTE-provoking estradiol treatment will be continued. Switching the route of estradiol treatment from oral to transdermal may be beneficial.


A CEO is faced with the task of explaining to employees why their firm (disguised) is being acquired when they had been told that the company could make it on its own. Focuses on the CEO's predicament.


Article history: Received January 12, 2013 Received in revised format 10 April 2013 Accepted 18 April 2013 Available online April 2


Thoroughly researches to unsteady pressure pulse in tip clearance flow of rotor and its changes are extremely significant to further improving the efficiency of the compressor.The time-domain wave of unsteady pressure fluctuation were transformed into frequency spectral curves by Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)in this paper to investigate the relation of rotor speed,outlet pressure and axial position to the frequency spectrum performance,associated with aerodynamic performance and flow stability of compressor.Experiments show that dominant frequency of tip clearance unsteady pressure pulsation increases with the increase of the rotor speed,but less reaction to the outlet pressure.Peak value in dominant frequency increases with the increase of the rotor speed or the decrease of the outlet pressure.Compared with the leading edges and trailing edge of blade,the peak value in dominant frequency achieves maximum at the center of bladetip.Some research results obtained could be help of understanding of pressure fluctuation effects to other rotational flow in turbomachinery.


To settle the existing problems in college experimental courses,a practice of "inspired by instructor,inquired by students" is explored in this article with "holographic experiment" as a teaching example.In the teaching,students are guided to explore those simple and interesting experiments such as multi-exposure,diffusion or transmission holography,the duplication of holograms,and holography in a normally lighted room and find the pleasure of research.It is believed that the practice can enrich the content of experiment course and improve the effect of experiment teaching.


Objective: To evaluate the application of double blood culture bottle. Methods:Culture the 416 blood specimen with Hemoline double blood culture bottle ,and then evaluated the positive rate, bacteria and the positive time. Results: Detect 72 bacteria from 416 blood specimen, the positive rate is 17.3%. The bacteria belong to staphylococcal 21 kinds. The time is concentried on 24~72 hours. Conclusions: The application of the double bottle increase the positive rate, decrease the culture time . It's simple, accurate widely applied.


ABSTRACT Herein, the effect of immobilizing lipase onto layered α-zirconium phosphate ceramic nanosheets (α-ZrP NS) on the enzymatic transesterification of allylic alcohols was investigated in organic solvents. α-ZrP NS modified with quaternary ammonium ions show a excellent dispersion stability in n-hexane. Lipase immobilized on α-ZrP NS enables the improved synthesis of chiral allylic alcohols and esters, with significantly reduced reaction times compared to reactions performed in the absence of α-ZrP NS. The coexistence of α-ZrP NS also results in more efficient steric inversion of the resulting allyl ester, suggesting the utility of α-ZrP NS as a support for lipase-induced stereospecific reactions. The present manuscript discusses on mechanisms of high dispersion stability of α-ZrP NS and their preferable immobilizing effect for the lipase inducing the steric inversion in detail.


The paper proposes a new body sensor network, which combines the traditional sensor for measuring the human physiology and the human body posture sensor as a whole. The network uses magnetic resonance repeating coil to transmit power and sensor data simultaneously. In addition, posture-location sensing solution is developed by the measurement of transmission efficiency between resonance coils. Meanwhile, a new sensor communication mode was designed for simplifying the complexity of the health monitoring network system and increasing the performance of portable.


In this study, using DFT methods, we analyze the electronic structures at both the molecular and solid-state level of the recently suggested three-dimensional semiconducting bis(hexylthieno)benzobisthiazole molecule (2), the unsubstituted benzobisthiazole ring (1), its 2,6-disubstituted derivatives (3 and 4), and its 2,6-dihexyl-4,8-dithiophene derivative (7). The uniqueness of 2, as per literature reports, is the close intermolecular contacts in the three directions (3D ordering) due to the crystal packing which should lead to more efficient charge transport. Gas-phase geometry optimization of the above molecules using the B3LYP functional is carried out and compared with the X-ray data. Reorganization energies to estimate the charge transfer, calculated using the same functional, do not indicate any particular bias toward hole transport or electron transport process. Transfer integrals (for estimation of intermolecular charge hopping pathways) between the HOMOs (for hole transport) are quite large in th...


The objective of this research is to document and assess the performance of Geopiers(trademark) in an Iowa highway application. The box culvert installation project south of Neola on Iowa Highway 191 was the primary research site. Geopiers(trademark) encompass a relatively simple concept, nevertheless, recent case histories have shown that some structures constructed on aggregate pier reinforced soils have performed considerably better than predicted. Recent studies have even shown that the rammed aggregate pier in fact performs measurably superior to the traditional stone column, yet it remains a seldom used technique in Iowa highway embankments. This research presents data on a case history that successfully utilized rammed aggregate piers to reinforce very soft alluvial clay in an Iowa highway embankment. It is anticipated that this method of remediation, in lieu of bridge replacement, will results in significant long-term savings in this application.


The present work introduces the clinical case report of a 32-year-old male patient who sought the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore with complaint of pain in the second upper left premolar. At the clinical examination, the tooth presented caries in the distal region, sensitivity to cold water and slight symptomatology to percussion. Radiographically the tooth presented a deep carious with pulp envelopment and thickening of the periodontal ligament in the apical region. During the opening of endodontic access a perforation occurred in the mesial region due to the incorrect direction of the drill. The perforation site was gently dried with hemostatic agent and then GIC was placed condensing along the perforation walls. Once this was done, root canal treatment was continued and the root canal was obturated to assess the attitude and practice of dental professionals towards using of advance radiographic technique.


Xella Technology and Research, in a pilot study with the Hamburg‐based Otto Dörner GmbH waste management company and the Ytong plant in Wedel, has been testing since 2013 how and in what amounts autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) remains from demolished buildings or from waste disposal sites can be reused for new AAC production. The processing of the salvaged AAC‐material should conform to the current technical standard: return of mixed demolition rubble, separation of contaminants (by metal separation, air density separation, swim‐sink separation, manual resorting), pre‐treatment in the crusher and sieves for predetermined grain size ranges. This is where grain sizes or moisture content, heavy metals, bitumen, sulphate or other impurities are analysed in detail. The sorting accuracy as performed by Otto Dörner has shown to be sufficient for reuse through reintroduction into AAC‐production. Up to 15 % salvaged AAC prepared in such a manner can be effortlessly reused. A sample production of AAC quality grade P4‐0.55 with granulated salvaged AAC in the Ytong plant in Wedel was successful.


The cyclic keto alkenylammonium salts (4)–(8) have been prepared by a short, general route and their acidic and electrophilic properties examined.


The literary campaign that unfolded in 1958 can be seen as an important step in the movement towards "Cultural Revolution literature". Zhou Yang's summarizing article "A Great Debate on the Literary Front" was published when the anti-rightist struggle in literary and arts circles concluded. During the three years prior to the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution", critical attacks in the area of literary and artistic theory were focused on Shao Quanlin's theory of "writing middle characters", as well as propositions such as "write truth" and "deepen realism". There were two different types of literature during the "Cultural Revolution". One consisted of officially published literary works, and the other was literary works secretly, or semi-secretly, published and circulated. Theater also had a structural influence on other literary forms, and this could be primarily seen in the use of scenes, or settings, in fiction, poetry, and prose. Keywords: cultural revolution literature; literary campaign; Shao Quanlin's theory; theater; Zhou Yang


The aim of this research is to characterize the variation in the chemical composition of Tephrosia vogelii essential oils from different locations and to investigate the repellency of essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais. Chemical variability in the components of T. vogelii essential oils from eastern Uganda was identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Based on the profiles of the compounds of the farnesene family, three chemotypes were found: farnesol (chemotype 1), springene (β-springene and α-springene) and β-farnesene were all distinctive in chemotype 2 and a mixed variety of farnesol and springene. In the three cases, alkyl benzenes (o-xylene, m-xylene and ethylbenzene) were significant components in the oil. The compounds 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, and 3,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde were other prominent constituents. The yields of the essential oils did not vary significantly, however the chemical composition varied with harvesting time during the rainy and dry seasons. In choice repellency tests, chemotype 1 and chemotype 2 were more active against Sitophilus zeamais than the mixed chemotype. Farnesol was found to be effective only at a higher concentration as a repellent against S. zeamais. We therefore hypothesize that farnesol is a key player in this and we demonstrated the weak repellency of this compound. However, further study that aims to optimize and standardize the varieties and harvesting period is needed for recommendation to smallhold farmers.


The purpose of this thesis is to give a very general treatment of the basic machinery of relative homological algebra. This is done by combining the ideas of Eilenberg and Moore (closed classes of sequences) with the technique of Verdier (derived categories). In part III these ideas are combined to define relative derived categories and relative derived functors. Two theorems giving conditions for the existence of relative derived functors are proved. The relation of this approach to that of Buchsbaum, MacLane and Yoneda is discussed and their results are recovered in a new fashion.


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is prevalent in those with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and poses a barrier to kidney transplant due to its association with poor outcomes. Studies examining these adverse outcomes are limited and often utilize echocardiographic measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) instead of the gold standard right heart catheterization (RHC). We hypothesized that in ESKD patients deemed ineligible for kidney transplant because of an echocardiographic diagnosis of PH the predominant cause of PH is hypervolemia and is potentially reversible.


When I was at law school in the early 1960s, British legal history, that is, a comprehensive history of the law, legal institutions and legal culture of the British Isles, did not exist. Furthermore, apart from the nationalistic desire of some Scottish legal academics to distance Scots law and legal experience from the lure and taint of a voracious and insensitive jurisprudence soulh of the Border, there was little evidence of intra-British comparative legal scholarship. The English and Scottish legal systems were effectively "two solitudes." At that time, English legal history was taught as a compulsory element of the curriculum at every English law school. However, it had a strangely truncated character to it. To all intents and purposes it ended at 1700, with at most a hurried nod to the creativity of the Mansfield era and Blackstone's Commentaries in the mid-eighteenth century and to the ongoing procedural and institutional reforms of the nineteenth century which culminated in the Judicature Acts of 1873—1875. The message seemed clear: that by 1700 the heroic development of both the common law and equity was over. In contrast with the expansive periods before that date when the "genius" of the common law in responding to and accommodating new situations and pressures complemented by the creative potential of the Court of Chancery was at work, the eighteenth century was considered to be at best an era of consolidation and restatement, at worst a drift


The skin tissue fluid of human contains many useful components, which can be used to realize the noninvasive detection of human body, such as noninvasive blood glucose detection. In this paper, a percutaneous exported way of skin tissue fluid is presented, which makes use of penetration enhancing of TTDS and thermal micro-fluid driving technology. Compared with minimally invasive physical ways, the body is really unharmed by the new way, and the detection of the skin tissue fluid can be continuous and on-line. The following in vitro experiment results show its effectiveness and feasibility


Novel design creations often exist in the form of patents. It is well acknowledged that patents are a great source of design inspiration, therefore designers are encouraged to engage patents early in the design process. Studies of patent analysis have been carried out to benefit engineering design activities such as patent classification, technology forecasting, idea generation and emerging design-prior art comparison. However, the design intent behind inventions has received little attention in patent analysis. Designers can gain better design insight by looking at a patent from a systematic perspective starting from design intent to principal solutions. In this paper, an approach is proposed to extract and link the knowledge conveyed within patent descriptive sections to typical early engineering design stages, namely Motivation, Specification and Structure. This knowledge is then conceptualised into TRIZ engineering parameters and reconciled functional basis to enable cross-patent analysis. When compared to expert analysis, the proposed approach achieves an average of 63% accuracy with respect to Motivation, 56% with respect to Specification function and 44% with respect to Specification flow. Potential applications of such linking for early design use are then demonstrated through a prototype knowledge network.


The nitrogen exceeds the quality standards for surface waters in the Tianzhuang Reservoir influenced by the agricultural non-point pollution.In this paper,the leaching experiments of soils under the conditions of different rainfall types and intensities were conducted to explore the characteristics of nitrogen release.In addition,the pollution loadings of nitrogen from the watersheds of the Tianzhuang Reservoir were calculated.The results indicate that the time of peak emergence of ammonium concentration in the leachates was affected by the rainfall types and intensities,but the values of ammonium were not influenced.The values and the peak-emergence time of nitrate in the leachates were affected by the rainfall types and intensities.604.49t nitrate and 23.85t ammonium from the watersheds are taken to the reservoir according to the four inflows of the Tianzhuang Reservoir.


Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) Program is the first truly validated psychomotor and cognitive skills program and assessment in general surgery.FLS was developed by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) and endorsed by the American Board of Surgery.It is a pre-requisite mandated by the American Board of Surgery for all surgeons wishing to sit for the General Surgical Board Qualifying Exam,which is the first step towards board certification in the United States This paper reviews the success of the FLS program in the United States,and its potential use and benefit in standardizing laparoscopy in China.

Key words:
Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery; Training;  Standardization


Plants, water, air and other nature elements embedded in a forest of an urban green space give a different mind evaluation or perception. Generally, each socio-demographic group shares different thoughts and views on green area. Their interpretation varies according to their assumption, knowledge, exposure and experience.


Open source software projects typically extend the capabilities of their software by incorporating code contributions from a diverse cross-section of developers. This GitHub structural path modelling study captures the current top 100 JavaScript projects in operation for at least one year or more. It draws on three theories (information integration, planned behavior, and social translucence) to help frame its comparative path approach, and to show ways to speed the collaborative development of GitHub OSS projects. It shows a project's activity level increases with: (1) greater responder-group collaborative efforts, (2) increased numbers of major critical project version releases, and (3) the generation of further commits. However, the generation of additional forks negatively impacts overall project activity levels.


Abstract This article replies to the critical note by Trabattoni («Elenchos», xxxiii (2012) pp. 69-107). The author defends his interpretation of Plato's Theaetetus against Trabattoni's objections, arguing that the maieutic and peirastic character of the dialogue explains its negative or aporetic conclusion. For the failure of all the attempts to define knowledge in the dialogue doesn't mean that, according to Plato, knowledge is not possible for men or that it can be identified with doxa; on the contrary, Plato clearly states that the philosopher, i.e. the dialectician, is absolutely able to attain the perfect knowledge of the forms. The subsequent failures in the Theaetetus, particularly the last two, depend on the admission of an "additive model'' according to which knowledge is "doxa plus something'', an epistemological attitude that is explicitly rejected in the Meno.


This study examined the effect of top management team diversity (captured by top management cultural diversity and top management gender diversity) on fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) performance. The study employed a survey design by administering a structured questionnaire to 520 FMCG employees of FMCGs. The research instrument (questionnaire) was administered to the targeted respondents in January 2023. The study employed a linear regression model with STATA version 14 software. The findings reveal that top management cultural diversity and top management gender diversity have positive and significant individual effects on FMCGs performance, with coefficients and probability values of β1 =0.342, P-value < 0.0s, and β2 =0.594, P-value < 0.05. The adjusted coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2) suggested that 46.1% variation in FMCGs performance is accounted for by top management team diversity elements (top management cultural diversity and top management gender diversity). Therefore, it can be concluded that top management team diversity (top management cultural diversity and top management gender diversity) significantly positively affect the performance of FMCGs. Therefore, the performance of FMCGs is determined by their level of diversity, particularly their top management's cultural diversity and top management's gender diversity. In line with the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: FMCGs should encourage top management cultural diversity through the engagement of top managers from diverse cultural orientations, as this tends to enhance their performance. Additionally, FMCGs should encourage top management gender diversity through the engagement of top managers from diverse gender, as this tends to enhance their performance. Furthermore, the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and government agencies should encourage diversity among FMCGs.


The invention provides a reminding device for preventing a driver wearing high-heeled shoes from driving. The reminding device comprises an electronic control unit, a reminding unit and at least two pressure sensors. The pressure sensors and the reminding unit are both connected with the electronic control unit. The pressure sensors are mounted below driver foot bottom plates. The electronic control unit is used for judging whether the driver wears the high-heeled shoes according to pressure values sent by the at least two pressures sensors and controlling the reminding unit to give out an alarm when judging that the driver wears the high-heeled shoes. According to the reminding device for preventing the driver wearing the high-heeled shoes from driving, a reminding signal is sent out when the situation that the driver wears the high-heeled shoes is judged, and therefore accidents caused when the driver drives while wearing the high-heeled shoes are prevented.


Near Field Optical Microscopy (NSOM) has evolved into a mature member of the family of scanning probe microscopy. In this article, we briefly go over the principle of NSOM, its breakthroughs and setbacks. We will describe some of the most commonly used NSOM modalities and conclude with the recent advances based on optical nanoantennas. We will then highlight the potential of this high–resolution optical microscopy for chemical and biological applications as well as for materials sciences.


The following research aims to make the characterization of flames in the combustion process in an industrial boiler fossil fuel composed of one burner. The characterization of the flames is performed by analysis of electrical signals that are obtained through a flame detection sensor that measure the electromagnetic spectrum of the flame in the boiler as well as the acquisition of other variables involved in the combustion as are excess oxygen (%), flow, temperature and fuel density. After getting through a data acquisition system of the electromagnetic spectrum of the flame and the variables involved in combustion, it performs the signal processing of the spectrum by obtaining statistical moments and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the most important characteristics. So get the patterns for training the support vector machine (SVM). After conducting the training of SVM was that the patterns obtained are suitable for proper classification of flames in a combustion process of a boiler, as the previously trained classifier has a high percentage of performance.


A vast amount of blogs are generated from online technology communities every day. Most of them are in Markdown format. The increase of Markdown documents has brought opportunities and challenges to many natural language processing tasks. Extracting keywords from technology blogs is of great value for discovering, retrieving, and sharing knowl-edge about technical blogs. The mainstream keyword extraction algorithms remain to use statistical char-acteristics of words to determine the keywords of a document, seldom considering the structure char-acteristics of the document that potentially express the semantic information. We argue that Markdown markup features as well as the textual content of the document are both concerned with the keywords extraction. In this paper, we propose a novel un-supervised Markdown markup features aware key-words extraction algorithm for technology blogs. The algorithm integrates Markdown markup syntax in-formation with a blog text representation. Through experiments against TF-IDF, TextRank, and PositionRank algorithms on a real Markdown document dataset, our algorithm achieves higher performance with a substantial improvement when the number of keywords extracted is greater than 3.


Cloud computing is next generation era of IT enterprise, which provide services like resource pooling, on demand and metered service. It provides the burden free environment for the consumer, to get rid of resource management. It also shifts all digital assets (data and application) to the centralized large datacentre. These datacentre can be onpremise or off-premise cloud service provider, depending on the nature of cloud service consumer i.e. either general public or small scale enterprise. Such type of cloud consumers need are generally fulfilled by off-premises clouds which are handled by third party cloud service provider, which increases the security threat for identity and access, data privacy and security. Thus cloud consumer has to keep a high level of trust on cloud provider. Thus the conceptual architecture for securing the public cloud is the concept which will help to provide a high level of security in spite of trust for the public cloud. This work proposes a third party "Special Security Agent (SSA)" which will be a government body or certified authority, for maintaining the security and identity of digital asset for both cloud provider and consumer. KeywordsCloud Security, security, cloud architecture, computing security agent.


Dubinin and collaborators (1934), Dubinin and Tiniakov (1945), Dobzhansky and Wright (1941, 1943), Dobzhansky et al. (1955), Dobzhansky and Spassky (1947, 1954a, 1954b), and others have pioneered studies on the genetic loads in natural populations of D. melanogaster from Russia and of D. pseudoobscura from the western United States. These studies revealed that natural populations are filled with deleterious recessives of various kinds. Our studies began three years ago in the American tropics. The present results comprise the study of five representative natural populations of D. melanogaster; the population samples have been taken in different environments. These environments have elicited different genetic frequencies.


The bond between concrete and reinforcing bars under impact loading was studied for plain, polypropylene fibre reinforced, and steel fibre reinforced concretes. It was found that adding steel fibres significantly improved the bond behaviour under impact loading; polypropylene fibres had a much smaller effect.


Robert D. Slayback Landscape and revegetation specialists in southern California have long sought a ground cover that could grow quickly and persist on steep, shallow, infertile soils and barren disturbed slopes as well as adapt to the low and highly variable winter rainfall pattern characteristic of much of southern California. This plant may now have been found. It is 'Zorro' annual fescue, Festuca megalura Nutt., a self-reseeding grass that occurs naturally on many California wildlands. Zorro is a selection from a wild grass population made by the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Plant Materials Center at Lockeford, California. Variety selection and tests on Zorro began in 1970. It was released to commercial nurseries and seed producers in early 1977. The origin of this plant is in dispute; some plant materials specialists believe it was brought into California by the settlers who also introduced sheep and cattle. It may be the same as Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta, found in Europe, North and South America, Hawaii, Japan, and Australia. In Munz's A Flora of Southern California, E megalura is considered a native grass "common on dry slopes, below 2100 m, in many plant communities; cismontane southern California to Baja California, mountains, lower California, to South America and on our southern California islands." Zorro fescue used in revegetation of acid mine spoils near lone, California.


Video is currently being applied to many places. Extracting people objects automatically from the video and count them is an important application. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current video object extraction algorithm, and we propose an improved algorithm which based on the adjacent frame the contours of moving objects and get the head regions in accordance with the method of calculation of threshold, thus obtain the number of people in the video. We also designed a statistical strategy to reduce the computational error. The experimental results show the algorithm achieved very good results.


The Panel on the Laboratory in Biology was formed by the Commission on Undergraduate Education in the Biological Sciences (CUEBS) with the charge of clarifying the function of the laboratory in the changing biology curriculum. This paper, the first product of our deliberations, seeks to make a single point which we feel is of such great importance to the future of undergraduate biology that all other considerations in laboratory instruction must be deemed inconsequential beside it. Stated simply, the point is that the best use of the laboratory in undergraduate instruction is to engage the student in the process of active investigation. This paper will be devoted, therefore, to the development and support of the concept of such a laboratory program, which we will refer to as an "investigative laboratory." Additional papers, describing specific investigative laboratory programs in which three of the authors of this paper have participated, will appear separately.


Abstract The secondary flora of cheese contain several kinds of microorganisms including micrococci and pediococci. Micrococci constitute a major portion of the raw milk flora; some thermoduric micrococci survive pasteurization and occur in cheese made from pasteurized milk. Micrococci or pediococci present naturally in cheese milk or added deliberately sometimes improve the flavor and enhance its development in Cheddar cheese. The beneficial role of these bacteria has been related to their proteolytic, lipotyric, and esterolyric activities and to some metabolites produced by them during the ripening process. Their possible use as agents for accelerated ripening of cheese and their advantages and disadvantages for this purpose are described.


The compounds (E)–2–amino–N'–(1–(2–hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)–2–oxoacetohydrazide (I) and (E)–N'–(2–hydroxy–3–methoxybenzylidene)–2–amino–2–oxoacetohydrazide (II) were synthetized by the 1:1 ratio condensation reaction of oxamic hydrazide and 2–hydroxyacetophenone or o–vanillin respectively. The two compounds were characterized by physico–chemical analyses, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies techniques. The structure of the compound (I) was determined by single–crystal X–ray diffraction study. The compound (I) (C10H11N3O3) crystallises in the triclinic space group P–1 with the following unit cell parameters: a = 7.0399 (5) A, b = 8.6252 (8) A, c = 9.5474 (9) A, a = 81.730 (3)°, b = 72.738 (3)°, g = 67.450 (3)°, V = 510.99 (8) A3, Z = 2, T = 173 (2) K, m = 0.11 mm–1, Dcalc = 1.438 g/cm3, Rint = 0.028, Rsigma = 0.073. The oxamic hydrazide moiety of the molecule is slightly twisted as reflected by the torsion angles values of 177.2 (2)° [N1–N2–C9–C10], –171.3 (3)° [N2–C9–C10–N3], –4.6 (4)° [O2–C9–N2–N1] and 8.4 (4)° [O3–C10–C9–N2]. The intramolecular hydrogen bond O1(phenol)–H1•••N1(hydrazide) which close in S (6) ring stabilized the conformation. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds, C3–H3•••O1i(phenol) (i: −x+1, −y, −z+1), N3(amide)–H3A•••O3ii(amide) (ii: −x+1, −y+2, −z) and N3(amide)–H3B•••O2iii(hydrazide) (iii: −x+1, −y+1, −z) lead to the formation of sheets parallel to ac plane. Compounds (I) and (II) showed antioxidant activities less than 10% inhibition of DPPH.


peaks experience large pressure redshifts, which are associated with the big crystal compressibility and the interaction between organic/inorganic CH34N � / MnX 4 tetrahedra. The variation in the Racah parameters and crystal-field splitting with pressure indicates that the excitation and emission redshifts of Mn 2+ are mainly governed by the increase in the Mn-X bond covalency 70% rather than the increase in the crystal-field splitting 30%. Above 6 GPa, pressure induces structural modifications, which are related to aggregation of the MnX4 tetrahedra with change in Mn 2+ coordination from fourfold MnX4 Td to sixfold MnX6 Oh. This process involves a drastic change in the PL behavior yielding a simultaneous two-color PL emission: green emission at 520 nm and a red emission around 650 nm. Both emissions experience noticeable redshifts with pressure producing a marked piezo-PL effect. The large pressure range of phase coexistence makes these materials attractive for multiband PL, the wavelengths of which can be tuned through pressure and eventually stabilized at ambient conditions.


The Technological Evaluator of CleanSky, which presents the context for this study, aims at estimating the environmental impact of several new concepts developed in CleanSky, including turbopropellers. Over the last years a propeller noise model has been developed and implemented in CARMEN, the acoustic module of the IESTA platform, an ONERA tool making it possible to calculate acoustic footprints around airports. This model is based on semi-empirical formula and ATR data. It is assessed against measurement data, provided by the ANIBAL (Abaissement du Niveau de Bruit des Avions Legers) measurement campaign performed in 2008, during which an innovative 5-blade propeller was tested on a small commercial aircraft. Comparisons between calculation and measurement are shown for the ANIBAL propeller as well as the reference 2-blade propeller, which is originally mounted on the aircraft. At the same time the problem of emission noise tones is addressed, since the engine frequencies partially overlap with the blade passing frequencies. The accuracy of the prediction is evaluated and ideas for improvement are discussed. This work was financed by The Technological Evaluator of CleanSky.


Acceptable Enzyme preparations: Used to describe enzymes that are obtained from edible tissues of animals or plants commonly used as foods or are derived from microorganisms that are traditionally accepted as constituents of foods or are normally used in the preparation of foods. Such enzyme preparations are considered to be acceptable provided that satisfactory chemical and microbiological specifications can be established.


In his later works, Merleau-Ponty proposes the notion of 'the flesh' (la chair) as a new 'element', as he put it, in his ontological monism designed to overcome the legacy of Cartesian dualism with its bifurcation of all things into matter or spirit. Most Merleau-Ponty commentators recognise that Merleau-Ponty's notion of 'flesh' is inspired by Edmund Husserl's conceptions of 'lived body' (Leib) and 'vivacity' or 'liveliness' (Leiblichkeit). But it is not always recognised that, for Merleau-Ponty, the constitution of the world of perception, the problem of embodiment or incarnation, is at the very same time one with the problem of the experience of others in what Husserl called Einfühlung or Fremderfahung and indeed one with the problem of the constitution of the commonly shared world 'for all'. As Merleau-Ponty put it in his late essay 'The Philosopher and His Shadow' in Signs, 'the problem of Einfühlung, like that of my incarnation, opens on the meditation of sensible being, or, if you prefer, it betakes itself there'. In other words, the problem of the apprehension of the other is part of the overall apprehension of the transcendent world. In this paper I want to meditate on the relations between embodiment, experience of others, and experience of the world in Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. I will take particular note, as in the title of this presentation, of the claim made by Merleau-Ponty in The Visible and the Invisible that 'there is no brute world, only an elaborated world' (il n'y a pas de monde brut, il n'y a qu'un monde élaboré).


Immigration, cultural capital, cultural hybridity are the contributing players within my autoethnographic research as a second-generation daughter of southern Italian migrants from the post war era. This autobiography of my lived experience identifies contributing influences of arrested development within my educational and life trajectory and explores theoretical frameworks as key comparative indicators for my thwarted stages of psychosocial development. My identity and role as a female is further explored within the construct of a determined and culturally hybrid adolescence in an effort to answer research questions of identity and role confusion. My narratives situate my life as a daughter, student, and future wife living an existence of cultural hegemony acknowledging the non-existence of a bicultural relationship between my family and the Australian way.


This article is divided into three sections. The first section talks about "reason and habits," explaining the function of habits in virtues, and characterizes habits as activity-derived, spiritual, non-transferable, and constant. The second section is about "arts and habits," analyzing "connaturality" and "the infallible rectitude of art." The connaturality accounts for the creative transmission from the artist's soul to his work of art; the infallible rectitude of art accounts for the essence of arts, which lies in artists' spirits rather than the skills. The third section is about "arts and virtues," explaining the similarities and differences between art activities and virtual behaviors. Maritain's rationality-founded activities consist of activities of both arts and virtual behaviors. However, with the common origin in rationality, arts and virtues are independent of one another in practice.


There have been experienced several period tectonic actions in Guizhong depression and the margin,which induced hydrocarbon preservation condition to be damaged seriously.The hydrocarbon preservation condition is one of key factors for exploration in Guizhong depression and the margin.Based on the important effect of cap rock and tectonic condition on the hydrocarbon preservation,a comprehensive evaluation of cap rock's sealing capacity from the macro and micro point of view was conducted.The subsequent tectonism was discussed.The evidence of fluid geochemistry was presented,which indicates that the hydrocarbon preservation conditions of Guizhong depression and the margin were damaged by tectonic-fault action.The hydrocarbon preservation conditions of Guizhong depression and the margin were evaluated synthetically.The results show that the Middle-Lower Devonian argillaceous rocks are the main regional cap rock of Guizhong depression and the margin,while the valid combination of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous can form an effective local cap rock.The cap rock sealing is improved from medium to good,and argillaceous rocks are more developed in the east of the depression.During the period of Yanshan-Himalayan movement,Guizhong depression,especially the eastern and south-eastern areas had suffered a strong uplift and erosion,faults developed and meteoric water infiltrated intensively,which leaded to the Middle Devonian generally exposed surface and the erosion thickness decreased from east to west.The present hydrocarbon preservation conditions have been destroyed to a certain extent,and that of midwest of depression is better than that of the east.


Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become a successful clinical treatment for patients in regard to relief of pain, correction of deformity and restoration of function with promising long term behaviour [Pradhan et al. 2006]. In TKA the generation of polyethylene wear debris is mainly affected by the factors design of the articulating bearing, contact stresses, kinematics, implant material and surface finish [McEwen et al. 2005]. The objective of our study was to evaluate the in vitro wear behaviour of fixed bearing knee designs in comprehension to the contact mechanics and resultant kinematics for different degrees of congruency. Material and Methods: Wear simulator testing on 12 TKA devices has been performed according to ISO 14243-1 under load control. The knee replacements were tested in the fixed bearing configurations LC, CR and DD with different degrees of tibio-femoral congruency. For gravimetric wear assessment the protocol described in ISO 14243-2 has been used, followed by a kinematic analysis of the single test stations. The articulating contact and subsurface stresses have been investigated in a finite element analysis. Results: The contact areas are increasing from Search® Evolution LC (144 mm2) to Columbus® CR (235 mm2) and Columbus® DD (279 mm2), whereas the peak surface contact stresses are decreasing from Search® Evolution LC (34.4 MPa) to Columbus® CR (20.9 MPa) and Columbus® DD (18.1 MPa). The estimated amount of wear has decreased from Search® Evolution LC (21.4 mg/million cycles) to Columbus® CR (8.9 mg/million cycles) and Columbus® DD (2.2 mg/million cycles). The wear rates between the knee design configurations differ substantially and statistically analysis demonstrates a significant difference (p Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the influence of different bearing types on contact stresses, abrasive wear and kinematics for three different degrees of tibio-femoral congruency under elimination of production, material and sterilization parameters. Corresponding author: Dr.-Ing. Thomas M. Grupp Research and Development: e-mail: email@example.com


International organizations — Immunity — Absolute immunity — Restrictive immunity — International Finance Corporation — International Organizations Immunities Act 1945 ("IOIA") — Whether IOIA conferring same immunity on international organizations as foreign governments enjoying under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether international organizations enjoying absolute or limited immunity under United States Federal law — Whether restrictive immunity meaning unlimited exposure to suit Jurisdiction — Immunity — Immunity from suit — International Organizations Immunities Act 1945 — Privileges and immunities of international organizations comparable to those enjoyed by foreign governments — Whether international organizations enjoying absolute or limited immunity under United States Federal law — Whether restrictive immunity meaning unlimited exposure to suit — Whether International Finance Corporation enjoying absolute immunity from suit Environment — Pollution — Construction and operation of coal-fired power plant in India — International Finance Corporation ("IFC") making loan to Indian company for construction of plant — Non-compliance of Indian company with environmental and social action plan — Loan agreement allowing IFC to revoke financial support if terms of agreement not complied with — Petitioners bringing claims against IFC — Whether IFC having immunity from suit under International Organizations Immunities Act 1945 — The law of the United States


In virtual reality environment (VRE) a human model is often involved in a digital mock-up (DMU) model for as-sembly/disassembly (A/D) operation simulation. However, it has limited application areas because of its high cost investment. In this context, a mixed Virtual Reality Disassembly Environment (VRDE) is developed based on Python programming language using mixed VTK (Visualization Toolkit) and ODE (Open Dynamics Engine) libraries. First it allows the generation of the possible disassembly sequences for selective disassembly operations. Based on the lowest levels of a disassembly product graph the proposed method considers the geometric contact and collision relationships among the components in order to generate the proposed Disassembly Geometry Con-tacting Graph (DGCG). The latter is then used for disassembly sequence generation thus allowing decreasing the number of possible disassembly sequences. The method is applied for automatically generating the selective dis-assembly sequences thus allowing reducing the computation resources and is illustrated through an example. Secondly, focusing on the evaluation of disassembly operations in a VRE, a method based on five new criteria is proposed. The criteria are presented by dimensionless coefficients automatically calculated thus allowing evalu-ating disassembly sequences complexity in a VRE. The proposed method is tested and an example for disassembly operations evaluation of a mechanical assembly is presented. The results of the analysis and findings demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approaches for disassembly sequences generations and their evaluation thus pro-viding significant improvement of the Product Development Process (PDP).


With ANSYS parameterized design language,a parameterized program has been developed to create finite element mode of the working device of the CY-2 Load-Haul-Dump unit.If the lengths of lifting and bucket cylinders are given in random working conditions,the coordinate of every pin joint can be worked out and the working device finite element model can be built.This paper provides a short-cut working device finite element modeling method.