Converting UKA to TKA can be difficult, and specialised techniques are needed. Issues include bone loss, joint line approximation, sizing, and rotation. Determining the complexity of conversion pre-operatively helps predict the need for augmentation, grafting, stems, or constraint. In a 2009 study from our center, 50 UKA revised to TKA (1997–2007) were reviewed: 9 implants (18%) were modular fixed-bearing, 4 (8%) were metal-backed nonmodular fixed-bearing, 8 (16%) were resurfacing onlay, 10 (20%) were all-polyethylene step-cut, and 19 (38%) were mobile bearing designs; 5 knees (10%) failed due to infection, 5 (10%) due to wear and/or instability, 10 (20%) for pain or progression of arthritis, 8 (16%) for tibial fracture or severe subsidence, and 22 (44%) due to loosening of either one or both components. Insert thickness was no different between implants (P=0.23) or failure modes (P=0.27). Stemmed component use was most frequent with nonmodular components (50%), all-polyethylene step-cut implants (44%), and modular fixed-bearing implants (33%; P=0.40). Stem use was highest in tibial fracture (86%; P=0.002). Augment use was highest among all-polyethylene step-cut implants (all-polyethylene, 56%; metal-backed, 50%; modular fixed-bearing, 33%; P=0.01). Augmentation use was highest in fracture (86%) and infection (67%), with a significant difference noted between failure modes (P=0.003). Failure of nonmodular all-polyethylene step-cut devices was more complex than resurfacing or mobile bearing. Failure mode was predictive of complexity. Reestablishing the joint line, ligamentous balance, and durable fixation are critical to assuring a primary outcome. In a 2013 multicenter study of 3 institutions including ours, a total of 175 revisions of medial UKA in 168 patients (81 males, 87 females; average age of 66 years) performed from 1995 to 2009 with a minimum of 2-year clinical follow-up were reviewed. The average time from UKA to revision TKA was 71.5 months (range 2 months to 262 months). The four most common reasons for failure of the UKA were femoral or tibial loosening (55%), progressive arthritis of the lateral or patellofemoral joints (34%), polyethylene failure (4%) and infection (3%). Mean follow-up after revision was 75 months. Nine of 175 knees (4.5%) were subsequently revised at an average of 48 months (range 6 months to 123 months). The rate of revision was 1.23 revisions per 100 observed component years. The average Knee Society pain and function score increased to 75 and 66, respectively. In the present series, the re-revision rate after revision TKA from UKA was 4.5% at an average of 75 months or 1.2 revisions per 100 observed component years. Compared to published individual institution and national registry data, re-revision of a failed UKA is equivalent to revision rates of primary TKA and substantially better than re-revision rates of revision TKA. These data should be used to counsel patients undergoing revision UKA to TKA.


Here is a book that attempts to bring together disparate ideas and perspectives on Bihar and Jharkhand in the colonial and contemporary context. The introductory chapter attempts the difficult task of trying to tie the strands of variegated themes together. Each chapter singularly deals with an issue that may be of some interest for readers who have been following up on the socio-political processes unique to Bihar and Jharkhand


In a method for producing at least one region (8) with reduced electrical conductivity within an electrically conductive III-V-semiconductor layer (3) is applied to the region (8) of the semiconductor layer (3) a ZnO layer (1) and then preferably annealed at a temperature between 300 ° C and 500 ° C. The ZnO layer (1) is preferably at a temperature of less than 150 ° C, preferably between 25 ° C and including 120 ° C, on the III-V semiconductor layer (3) is deposited. The region (8) with a reduced electrical conductivity is preferably arranged in a radiation-emitting optoelectronic component between the active zone (4) and a terminal (7) to the current injection into the connection contact (7) opposite regions of the active zone (4) Reduce.


One of the rare but serious complication of surgery is the need to perform reoperation in the postoperative period. Not only this remains a big dilemma for the surgeon, but also a crucial challenge for the patient to undergo repeat surgery within a short period of time. Relaparotomy can be classified as early or late; radical or palliative; urgent or elective. If laparotomy is done which is plannable, repeated and multiphasic to complete the primary surgery, it is not considered a relaparotomy. Laparotomy done within sixty days of primary surgery is called relaparotomy. Early relaparotomy are those which are done within 21 days of primary surgery. There has been increase in caesarean all over the world. This has also translated into increased risk of rare but serious complicationneed for relaparotomy with high maternal mortality and morbidity, so much so that it is considered as maternal near miss (MNM). Therefore, selection of cases for the same is also important. Common indications for reoperations are to manage complications of previous surgery such as intra-abdominal hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, rectus sheath hematoma, sepsis etc. With this background, the present study was undertaken to ABSTRACT


The present invention relates to an orthodontic wire bending method which can accurately form an orthodontic wire to fit an individual teeth structure of a patient receiving an orthodontic treatment within a short period of time; a bending device having a simplified structure; and a bending system. The orthodontic wire bending method comprises the following steps of: step-wisely moving an orthodontic wire in a direction for a predetermined distance by a wire propulsion part which step-wisely moves the orthodontic wire in a direction (in the direction of X-axis); rotating the orthodontic wire while having the direction as a central axis by a wire rotation part, wherein the wire rotation part supports the orthodontic wire; and inserting the rotated orthodontic wire between a pair of bending bars installed in a direction perpendicular and parallel to the direction, and bending the orthodontic wire by rotating the bending bars at a predetermined angle of bending.


Abstract Objective Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has increased by 45% in the United States and is estimated to affect up to 1.5% of all deliveries. Research has not yet been conducted that demonstrates a benefit to multidisciplinary review of SMM. The aim of our study was to determine if standardized, routine review of the cases of SMM by a multidisciplinary committee results in a reduction of potentially preventable cases of SMM. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all women admitted for delivery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from March 1, 2012 to September 30, 2016. Our cohort was separated into two groups: a preintervention group composed of women admitted for delivery prior to the implementation of the obstetric Quality and Peer Review Committee (OBQPRC), and a postintervention group where the committee had been well established. Cases of confirmed SMM were presented to a multidisciplinary research committee, and the committee determined whether opportunities for improvement in care existed. The groups were compared with determine if there was a decreased incidence of preventable SMM following the implementation of the OBQPRC standardized review process. Results There were 30,319 deliveries during the study period; 13,120 deliveries in the preintervention group; and 13,350 deliveries in the postintervention group (2,649 deliveries during the transition period). There was no difference in the rate of SMM between the preintervention (125; 0.95%) and postintervention (129; 0.97%) groups, (p = 0.91). There was a significantly lower rate of opportunity for the improvement in care in the postintervention group (29.5%) compared with the preintervention group (46%; p = 0.005). Conclusion We demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of potentially preventable SMM following the implementation of routine review of all SMM suggesting that this process plays an important role in improving maternal care and outcomes. Key Points Benefit to routine review of SMM has not been demonstrated. Routine review of SMM is associated with 36% reduction in potentially preventable SMM. This is the first study to demonstrate the benefit of routine review of SMM.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the resilience of the upper Thailand longan supply chain's management in lens of nominee Sino-enterprises' impact over present and future disruption that caused the weaknesses and strengths of the supply chain. The nominee Sino-enterprises contributed the upper Thailand longan supply chain in terms of promoting the production efficiency and advanced technology utilizing, however, they could also be a disruption in the supply chain while dealing with the future competitions and changing future labor structure of Thailand. The nominee Sino-enterprises have brought both positive and negative impacts to the supply chain, utilize the strengths and avoid the weaknesses of the longan supply chain in upper Thailand would be a strategy of the supply chain riding the waves of nominee Sino-enterprises have brought and filling in the cracks of the future challenges of the supply chain. Therefore, the local, regional and subregional governments should take corresponding policies to achieve inclusive and sustainable development in upper Thailand. Keywords: Nominee Sino-enterprises, Longan supply chain, Upper Thailand, Future Challenges, Policy recommendations


A somatic mutation (V617F) in the pseudokinase domain of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase JAK2 is found in virtually all patients with the myeloproliferative disease (MPD) polycythemia vera (PV), and about half of those with essential thrombocythemia and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. When expressed in mice by retroviral bone marrow transduction and transplantation, JAK2 V617F but not JAK2 wild-type induces leukocytosis with neutrophilia and recapitulates the entire erythroid phenotype of PV, with polycythemia, reticulocytosis, low plasma Epo, and endogenous erythroid colonies (Zaleskas et al., PLoS ONE2006;1:e18; Wernig et al., Blood2006;107:4274; Lacout et al., Blood2006;108:1652). By analogy to BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia, JAK2 V617F is therefore a rational target for therapy in PV and other JAK2 V617F+ MPDs. Previous studies with a nonselective and parenteral tyrphostin JAK2 inhibitor suggested that short-term inhibition of JAK2 could decrease reticulocytosis in recipients of JAK2 V617F-transduced marrow (Zaleskas et al., op cit.). Here, we studied one of a novel series of inhibitors of JAK2, AZ-01, which potently inhibited JAK2 kinase activity (IC50 An orally available JAK2 inhibitor decreases the leukocyte count, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count in mice with JAK2 V617F-induced MPD. Leukocyte count (left), hematocrit (center) and reticulocyte counts (right) of cohorts of mice with JAK2 V617F-induced MPD treated with vehicle or drug at 10 mg/kg BID. Blood counts were assessed at 15 and 28 days of treatment. Decreases in d28 hematocrit and retic count in the drug-treated cohorts were significant (p=0.008 and p


A new guide offers advice for navigating barriers to successful science communication Building on such predecessors as The Craft of Science Writing and Escape from the Ivory Tower, in Getting to the Heart of Science Communication, Faith Kearns reminds readers that how a scientist presents his or her research can drastically affect how people outside of academia think, and especially how they feel, about a given topic. The book offers a view from the front lines of science communication, profiling practitioners who explain their journeys and share stories of relationship building and community engagement.


Objective: To investigate prescription of
antibiotics by dental practitioners at a dental teaching hospital in
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and to establish whether it conforms to major
guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adult
outpatients' medical records was conducted in order to scrutinize antibiotic
prescriptions. The results were compared with recommendations in four published
guidelines. Results: Dental practitioners prescribed a wide range of
antibiotics to treat 121 diagnoses. Amoxicillin (78.8%) was most commonly
prescribed, followed by clindamycin (9.9%), metronidazole (5.0%), and
lincomycin (2.1%). Among all prescriptions, 79.5% were for generic antibiotics.
The most common diagnoses were dental pulp gangrene followed by dental pulp
necrosis (26.7% and 8.8%, respectively). According to guidelines-1 through-4,
the percentages of antibiotic prescriptions that were evaluated as
appropriate for the reported diagnosis were 15.1%, 7.2%, 7.5%, and 16.3%,
respectively. However, 9.9%, 84.0%, 83.7% and 67.8% of prescriptions could not
be classified as appropriate or inappropriate because the respective guidelines
neither listed the antibiotic nor gave statement regarding appropriate
indications. Conclusion: Our results suggest that significant
inappropriate antibiotic prescribing occurred at a dental teaching hospital in
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, according to major antibiotics guidelines. However,
the four guidelines failed to list some antibiotics, failed to list indications
for prescription in some cases, and were inconsistent in their recommendations.
There is a need to introduce specific institutional guidelines. Our findings
should be helpful for developing public health policy guidelines to minimize
inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at dental hospitals.


Summary:The report defines the theory behind communities of practice as a model to transform medical education and clinical practice for vulnerable populations (LGBTQ, persons experiencing homelessness, and migrant farm workers). It also offers lessons learned from this model to demonstrate value creation by communities of practice in medical education.


This study examines how newspaper and magazine journalists addressed Dutch Elm Disease from its outset in the 1930s until the blight effectively eliminated the spectacular elm tree from most Americans' lives. This orientation illustrates how journalists addressed this major, continuing environmental issue across five decades, a period in which mainstream news organizations slowly integrated science reporting into their operations. The study finds that the press effectively tracked the spread of the disease but was less successful at synchronizing the diverse issues that the blight represented. Most notably, news coverage lacked aesthetic perspective, relied too heavily on government sources, and was slow to interpret and integrate relevant issues such as importation policies, biodiversity, and pesticide usage.


An electrochemical biosensor formed by Screen printing and method of fabricating Such biosensor is disclosed in the present invention. The biosensor can quickly absorb a Sample to be measured therein, effectively control Volume of the sample fed and "fill-and-position" the sample therein. The biosensor includes an electrode layer (electrode area) comprising two or three electrodes, which are a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode (tri-electrode) on an insulating Substrate. An active reaction layer containing reactant, reaction catalyst, mediator, wet ting agent and Surfactant is spread on the Surface of the electrode layer. A Sample inflow area is formed above the electrode area by adding an upper cover on top of a middle insulating layer with a U-shaped opening formed therein. Sample Solution with a minute amount about 0.8 to 1 ul can be rapidly introduced into the electrode area and the active reaction layer via the inflow area by Siphon or capillary, where the ingredient of the Sample can be analysed by measuring reaction between the Sample, reaction catalyst and mediator in the reaction layer using electrochemical potentiometric or amperometric method. An upwardly extended closed Space formed within the upper cover above the electrode area adjacent to the front of conductive wires can be effectively used to control Sample Volume and "fill-and-position" the sample.


PURPOSE: To provide a reflective Ag alloy film for reflectors having superior surface flatness and high reflectivity even under the heating environment, and a reflector using the reflective Ag alloy film having such superior characteristics. CONSTITUTION: The reflective Ag alloy film for reflectors is characterized in that the reflective Ag alloy film has a surface roughness(Ra) of 2.0 nm or less, wherein the reflective Ag alloy film contains 0.1 to 3.0 atom% of a rare earth metal element, wherein the rare earth metal element is Nd, wherein the reflective Ag alloy film contains 0.5 to 5.0 atom% of one or more elements selected from Au, Pd, Cu and Pt, wherein thickness of the reflective Ag alloy film is 50 to 300 nm, and wherein the reflective Ag alloy film is obtained by heating an Ag alloy thin film deposited substrate to a temperature of 50 to 200 deg.C when forming a reflective Ag alloy film. The reflector comprises a substrate, and a reflective Ag alloy film for reflectors that is formed on the substrate, wherein the reflector further comprises a base layer that is formed on the substrate and includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of oxide, nitride and oxynitride.


Cutolo: Editorial 419 In this issue of The Journal the research group chaired by Rainer Straub provides further data on the complex influence that estrogens (mainly 17ß-estradiol, E2) and their metabolites seem to play in autoimmune rheumatic diseases1. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), their study investigated urinary concentrations of the downstream mitogenic 16-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestrone or naturally occurring antiestrogen. As the investigators report, other studies in breast cancer research delineated that 16-hydroxyestrone is a mitogenic and proliferative endogenous hormone that covalently binds to the estrogen receptor leading to nuclear translocation2,3. 16Hydroxyestrone is converted from upstream estrone and E2, and because of this covalent linkage to the receptor, shows persistent biological responses consisting of mitogenic tumor growth-stimulation4. Further conversion products of estrone and E2 are the 2-hydroxylated estrogens such as 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol. In contrast to 16-hydroxylated estrogens, the 2-hydroxylated forms inhibit growth-promoting effects of E25. Interestingly, the study shows that urinary concentrations of the 2-hydroxylated estrogens were 10 times lower in patients with RA and SLE than in healthy controls, whereas the ratio of 16-hydroxyestrone/2-hydroxyestrogens was 20 times higher in RA and SLE patients than in controls. They conclude that the magnitude of conversion to the mitogenic 16-hydroxyestrone is extremely upregulated in RA and SLE, which most likely contributes to the maintenance of the cellular proliferative state observed in these diseases.


In this paper, we propose a vehicular passenger mobility-aware bandwidth allocation (V-MBA) scheme in mobile hotspots. The V-MBA scheme consists of both call admission control and bandwidth adjustment functions to lower handoff vehicle service dropping probability and efficiently utilize resource of base station. Specifically, a handoff priority scheme with guard bandwidth is employed to protect handoff vehicle service. Also, bandwidth is dynamically assigned to each vehicle by exploiting vehicular passenger movement pattern that includes getting on and off events at a station. We evaluate the V-MBA scheme by developing a continuous-time Markov chain model. Simulation results demonstrate that the V-MBA scheme can guarantee low new vehicle service blocking probability and handoff vehicle service dropping probability through flexible bandwidth allocation.


In this paper, we consider recognizer P systems with antimatter and the influence of the matter/antimatter annihilation rules having weak priority over all the other rules or not. We first provide a uniform family of P systems with active membranes which solves the strongly NP-complete problem SAT, the Satisfiability Problem, without polarizations and without dissolution, yet with division for elementary membranes and with matter/antimatter annihilation rules having weak priority over all the other rules. Then we show that without this weak priority of the matter/antimatter annihilation rules over all the other rules we only obtain the complexity class P. 202 D. Dı́az-Pernil et al.


Apparatus for blow molding containers, which has a heating section for heating preforms of a thermoplastic material and which is provided with a blowing device which has at least one blowing station for reshaping the preforms into the containers, and in the handling of the preforms, at least one forceps-type transport element (41), with two tong arms (45, 46) is provided, which relative to a gripper carrier (42) are pivotably arranged, characterized in that each of the tong arms (45, 46) via in each case at least one lever (47, 48) pivotable with is coupled to a central element (49) at least partially between the gripper arms (45, 46) is arranged and that each of the tong arms (45, 46) of at least one spring (56, 57) resiliently against the central element (49) is braced.


The 2006-2007 Capstone Senior Design team has investigated the possibility of .... launching a mission to Enceladus, a small inner satellite of Saturn. Recent discoveries by the .. Cassini mission and speculation about the presence of liquid water have heightened scientific interest in this small moon. In an effort to provide scientists with an opportunity for further study, the design team has conducted detailed analysis of high-thrust and low-thrust trajectories to send a probe to the Saturn system. Possible orbits upon arrival at Saturn were studied to determine the best options for encountering Enceladus. Research was also conducted on methods of sample collection and a possible return to Earth from the Saturn system. Through analysis of different high thrust trajectory options, an optimum launch date has been proposed for January 14, 2018, with arrival dates ranging from May 2025 through March 2026. An ., optimum low thrust trajectory has also been generated, with launch and arrival scheduled for .., December 14,2021 and January 26, 2029, respectively. More work would be required to feather .. develop a complete mission architecture.


In order to explore the recovery of phosphorous from sludge liquor using struvite(MAP)pellet crystallization,the synthetic sludge fermentation liquid was first used to obtain the optimal conditions for struvite pellet formation,and then the recovery of phosphorous and growth of struvite fed with sludge dewatering liquor was investigated.When fed with synthetic fermentation liquid,the optimal conditions for struvite pellet formation were as follows:pH was 8.2;hydraulic retention time(HRT)was 41 min;inflow rising velocity was 400 cm·min-1,and phosphorus to nitrogen molar ratio was 1∶6.The maximum struvite particle size reached 4~5 mm;the purity was all above 97.5%;the particle hardness was(43.8±1)kg·mm-2.Under the above optimal conditions,real sludge dewatering liquor was used to recover phosphorus.The highest removal efficiency of PO3-4-P could reach 90.5%.High concentration of suspended solid(SS) went against the formation of struvite,and the extension of incubation time could not effectively increase the removal efficiencies of ions and struvite particle size.The maximum particle size was 2.0~3.2 mm while the purity of harvested pellets was more than 80%(ρSS150 mg·L-1).The concentrations of heavy metals were below the limits of heavy metal contents for fertilizer standards in China.


Gust load alleviation (GLA) and flutter mode control (FMC) of a transport wing have been studied in a low speed wind tunnel. A 119 scale semispan wing model, which represents a 150-passenger transport, is mounted in the wind tunnel and controlled by a trailing-edge control surface activated electrically. A gust for the gust load alleviation test is generated through the use of both a fluttering banner and a grid. Digital control utilizing a microcomputer is employed for implementing the f lut ter mode control. The objectives of this study a r e the development of a low-budget wind tunnel model with active controls as well a s a demonstration of the effectiveness of gust load alleviation and flutter mode control on the transport wing. A modified linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) synthesis procedure has been used t o design low-order robust controllers for the flutter mode control. In general, analytical results a re in good agreement with experimental ones.


Audit quality is a condition about an auditor finding and reporting misstatements in the accounting system. This study aims to analyze what factors affect audit quality both from literature studies and the results of distributing questionnaires to respondents. This research also involves interviews with the auditors and clients of public accountant representatives. This research is a qualitative study. Data collection through google with the garuda.kemdikbud.go.id website by limiting 100 sinta-accredited studies for the 2018-2023 period. The results showed different priorities between academics and respondents' opinions (55 people who are auditors and clients) on the variables that determine audit quality. In addition, interestingly in this study, the different factors were confirmed through interviews and found other variables for future research such as communication skills, time management, EI, SI and AI for further research. In future audit quality research, it is also necessary to conduct a pilot study before determining the variables because of the gap between academia and industry in seeing the problems that affect audit quality.


Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular systolic dysfunction with eccentric hypertrophy. Can be primary or secondary to other disorders such as hypothyroidism. Different cardiac changes, due to the inotropic and chronotropic alterations, can appear in these patients. Mainly affecting the left ventricle, although both ventricles may be affected. Electrocardiographic alterations may appear, as in the cases described, needing different therapeutic strategies for its control. Many times, we are able to achieve a complete resolution of the cardiac alterations once the hypothyroidism is stabilized, but this is not always possible, leaving permanent alterations.


AENGUS FINNEGAN By the time of the Gaelic Revival at the end of the 19th century, the Irish language as a vernacular had largely disappeared across Leinster. The small extent of the language which remained was probably confined to the most remote and out-of-the-way townlands, and scattered among a generation who had been largely forgotten by the outside world – with the possible exception of a small part of Co. Louth. It is no wonder, then, that it is primarily to the north, west and southwest areas of Ireland that scholars of the language in all its varying forms have since directed their attention. It is in these regions that the language continued to be spoken into the 20th century, and indeed continues to be spoken, though much less extensively than heretofore. This focus, however understandable, has left a large gap in our understanding of the historical distribution of the dialects of Irish across the eastern half of the country. The only means of filling this gap is to carry out a detailed study of the scant remains of the language, as found in word lists, folklore collections, the later manuscript tradition (if available), everyday speech, and, last but by no means least, in placenames, including both townland and minor names. The great advantage of evidence from placenames to the historial dialectologist is the universal distribution of the placenames themselves. This means that aspects of the language which come to light in the placenames of one area can safely and easily be compared with developments in another. No serious and detailed study of the dialect (or dialects?) of Irish formerly spoken in Co. Westmeath has been undertaken up to now. Nor does this article aspire to be such a study. Notwithstanding this, some evidence of the dialect was brought to light in the course of doctoral research by the author on the townland names of two baronies in the west of the county, Kilkenny West and Clonlonan, and it is worth discussing some of this evidence here. Donn Piatt and Séamus Ó Saothraí are the only two writers to have approached this question directly to date. Piatt (1905-70), a Dubliner, was married to Eibhlín Nic Cholgán from Raharney in the east of Co. Westmeath, and it is from her that he gathered a list of Irish words


Many physical and biological problems can be modeled as moving interface problems.  In this talk, we present an efficient rescaling scheme for computing the long-time dynamics of expanding/shrinking interfaces. The idea is to design an adaptive time-space mapping such that in the new time scale, the interfaces evolve following prescribed scaling functions without changing the real physics. We then focus our study on the long-time dynamics of a radial Hele-Shaw problem and demonstrate the efficiency of the rescaling method.


The present work deals with the study of the behavior of a rigid striped footing, resting on a sand slope reinforced by geo-grids and located above a soft clay layer. For this purpose, numerical analysis was conducted using finite element program; Plaxis software package; where the effects of some parameters on the strip footing behavior were studied. The affecting parameters such as the number of layers of geogrids, the vertical spacing, and the slope of the sand, the depth of reinforcement and the angle of friction of the sand were considered in soil reinforcement by geogrids based on multi-series of tests. The analysis results show an improvement in the soil bearing capacity at the level of the reinforcement depth, whatever the slope of the sand and its density (loose, moderately dense and dense). This improvement was related to the important number of reinforcing elements represented by a small vertical spacing of strips. Whereas, a significant dete-rioration of the soil bearing capacity was detected in the case of steep slopes of sand whatever the number of reinforcing strips and their vertical spacing.


Chang Naide tried to establish the historical philosophy which could explain the law of the evolution of human society from his scientific history standpoint.Chang Naide's historical philosophy was named biological view of history,which demonstrated that the evolution of human history was controlled by the biological principle.The theory not only demonstrated the universal development,but also discussed the particularity and the multiplicity of human history.


Objective To explore exenatide in the treatment of metformin(MET)alone,sulfonylurea (SU)alone or MET + SU combination therapy with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic pa-tients and to find effective nursing measures.Methods 24 patients were randomly divided into the con-trol group and the exenatide group with 12 patients in each group.In the exenatide group,exenatide 5μg twice a day for 4weeks,then 10μg twice a day for 12 weeks.Changes of HbAlc,body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG,and rate of adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG in the control group before and after treatment showed no significant difference,while the exenatide group showed better results compared with those before treatment and the control group.Nursing intervention played evident effect on reducing adverse effect such as nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,low blood sugar,headache.Conclusions For patients with type 2 diabetes,using MET,SU alone or MET + SU combination therapy showed poor results of blood sugar control,addition of exenatide therapy can effectively control blood sugar,nursing intervention can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of patients.

Key words:
Nursing intervention;  Exenatide;  Target treatment;  Type 2 diabetes


An efficient communication strategy is proposed in this paper, which aims to improve the response time and availability of mobile agent based distributed spatial data mining applications. When dealing with decomposed complex data mining tasks or On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), mobile agents authorized by the specified user need to coordinate and cooperate with each other by employing given communication method to fulfill the subtasks delegated to them. Agent interactive behavior, e.g. messages passing, intermediate results exchanging and final results merging, must happen after the specified path is determined by executing given routing selection algorithm. Most of algorithms exploited currently run in time that grows approximately quadratic with the size of the input nodes where mobile agents migrate between. In order to gain enhanced communication performance by reducing the execution time of the decision algorithm, we propose an approach to reduce the number of nodes involved in the computation. In practice, hosts in the system are reorganized into groups in terms of the bandwidth between adjacent nodes. Then, we find an optimal node for each group with high bandwidth and powerful computing resources, which is managed by an agent dispatched by agent home node. With that, the communication pattern can be implemented at a higher level of abstraction and contribute to improving the overall performance of mobile agent based distributed spatial data mining applications.


Abstract We report a patient in whom a cavopulmonary anastomosis had been constructed, along with repair of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Left-sided pulmonary venous obstruction led to redistribution of the flow to the right lung. The reversal of flow in the left pulmonary artery was accentuated by flow through collateral arteries feeding the left lung. Within 14 months, the collateral flow increased six-fold, resulting in a doubling of the cardiac output.


Friedrich Nietzsche's work has had a significant impact on the intellectual life of non-Western cultures and elicited responses from thinkers outside of the Anglo-American philosophical traditions as well. Bringing together 13 internationally renowned scholars, this collection of essays addresses the connection between Nietzsche's ideas and philosphies in India, China and Japan. The contributors are Roger T. Ames, Johann Figl, Chen Guying, Michel Hulin, Arifuku Kogaku, David A. Kelly, Glen T. Martin, Sonoda Muneto, Graham Parkes, Okochi Ryogi, Eberhard Scheiffele, Mervyn Sprung and Joan Stambaugh.


Trialkyl phosphites (2a-c) react with 1,8-naphthosultam (6) to give the respective N-alkylated products 7a-c. Compounds 7a-c were also prepared by the action of dialkyl phosphites on 6 in the presence of p-TsOH. Moreover, 7a could be obtained by treating 6 with DMMP (8). On the other hand, chlorinated phosphorus reagents (11) condense with 6 to give products of type 12. Structures of the new products were assigned according to consistent analytical and spectroscopic measurements


We have constructed an electronic circuit that makes a device touch-aware: it can communicate with a user's wearable device if the user completes an electric circuit by touching it. Touch-aware devices are useful in ubiquitous computing environments for distinguishing between multiple individuals and devices. Our design is inspired by recent work by Zimmerman and by Matsushita in intrabody signaling. We have augmented our original transceiver with a vibration sensor to avoid spurious communication when a device is not touched. Our experiments show 1) that the vibration sensor prevents most spurious communication, and 2) that a handshaking protocol we designed can be effective for distinguishing multiple people.


Excitons are the fundamental optical excitations of semiconductors, determining their optoelectronic properties important for present devices such as light emitting diodes and semiconductor lasers. Furthermore, they are promising for future devices in quantum information processing and communication, based on single-photon nonlinearities and optically addressable qubits. The coherent dynamics of the excitonic excitation is determined by coupling to phonons and photons. The threedimensional confinement in quantum dots (QDs) creates a finite excitation volume, yielding a discrete excitonic spectrum and phonon-assisted transitions which are enhanced with decreasing volume. The zero-phonon transition dynamics can be dominated by radiative coupling at low temperatures [1], and inserting the QDs into an optical cavity the quantum strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics can be reached [2, 3]. Spatially separated excitons can be coupled via an optical cavity [4], or for weakly confined excitons via a two-dimensional continuum [5]. The results were obtained on QD ensembles and individual QDs [6] using nonlinear optical spectroscopy [7], including heterodyne detected photon echo and two-dimensional spectroscopy using heterodyne spectral interferometry [8]. The investigated structures cover both epitaxial and colloidal QDs of different material systems (InAs/GaAs, CdSe/CdSe/ZnS, PbS)


Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is an established hardware security primitive which is useful in mitigating chip counterfeiting, IP protection and cryptographic key generation. In this paper, we propose a XOR based Arbiter PUF which is an improvement to conventional arbiter PUF. A network of XOR gates is placed between the arbiter stages in conventional arbiter PUF to construct the proposed PUF. The PUF can be configured for different size of challenge response pairs (CRPs) due to its modular design. It is scalable in terms of the stages of arbitration required as well as the width of the challenge bits given as input The designed PUF is implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 and Spartan-6 FPGAs and the standard PUF design metrices like uniqueness, reliability and uniformity are measured and comparative analysis is presented. The proposed PUF exhibits the better PUF metrics in comparison with conventional Arbiter PUF and other recently presented PUF topologies in the literature. Near field communication (NFC) based applications needs the sound authentication systems and PUF circuits are suitable for the purpose. The proof-of-concept prototype is developed for authentication in NFC systems using proposed XOR based PUF and effectiveness of proposed PUF is validated.


Optical imaging of biological samples or living tissue structures requires light delivery to a region of interest and then collection of scattered light or fluorescent light in order to reconstruct an image of the object. When the coherent illumination light enters bulky biological object, each of scattering center (single molecule, group of molecules or other sample feature) acts as a secondary light source. As a result, scattered spherical waves from these secondary sources interact with each other, generating cross-talk noise between optical channels (eigenmodes). The cross-talk effect have serious impact on the performance of the imaging systems. In particular it reduces an ability of optical system to transfer high spatial frequencies thereby reducing its resolution. In this work we present a fast method to eliminate all unwanted waves combination, that overlap at image plane, suppressing recovery of high spatial frequencies by using the spatio-temporal optical coherence manipulation (STOC, [1]). In this method a number of phase mask is introduced to illuminating beam by spatial light modulator in a time of single image acquisition. We use a digital mirror device (DMD) in order to rapid cross-talk noise reduction (up to 22kHz modulation frequency) when imaging living biological cells in vivo by using full-field microscopy setup with double pass arrangement. This, to our best knowledge, has never been shown before. [1] D. Borycki, M. Nowakowski, and M. Wojtkowski, Opt. Lett. 38, 4817 (2013).


This keynote paper discusses the opportunities and barriers to real economic growth through e-transformation in African economies. Understanding the answer to this question is dependent on how we interpret the question and on where the opportunities for economic growth lie. Interpreting the question: Two decades ago, researchers studied the globalization of the world economy; then they studied mobility and the mobile communications economy. We also study the broadband Internet economy, wireless nomadic access and a few scholars study the cyber economy, including cloud computing and its associated risks, security and contracting issues. Furthermore, we have also studied the knowledge and innovation economies. For countries on the African continent (and other continents), it would be appropriate to study the complexity economy - the interconnected facets of globalization; knowledge, innovation and learning; mobile, wireless and broadband communications; and the shift from relatively simple and basic forms of e-commerce and e-government to the complex e-transformation of all sectors of the economy, from agriculture to manufacturing and knowledge services. I have termed the abstraction of these interconnected thematic areas and perspectives the "complexity economy", meaning that scholars and practitioners need to give attention to theorizing such an economy with respect to the African continent. Where are the opportunities? If the digital information economy of apps, OTT services, mobile money and broadband Internet can change the economy, it will. But where and how do African economies need to change in the next five to ten years? We will need to the link this discussion to an understanding of what proportion of the economic and social actors on the continent can access the information economy? While mobile access has increased dramatically, too few of the nearly 1 billion population of Africa has Internet access, or broadband Internet access, or mobile broadband Internet access, to drive economic growth in most countries on the continent. Too few e-services and m-services are available in key sectors of the economy such as banking and finance, travel and tourism, education and health. When these sectors undergo e-transformation, the information economy can begin to drive economic growth. In addition to discussing these key challenges, the paper will present a brief overview of Cyberspace and the Internet in Africa, with particular reference to selected countries in North, West, Central, East and Southern Africa, commenting on the issues pertinent to decision-makers, academics and innovators in the complex digital information economy.


Static and dynamic light scattering measurements with nitrobenzene/isooctane mixtures of critical composition in combination with measurements of temperature dependence of specific heat and density are used to obtain values of parameters appearing in the Ferrell-Bhattacharjee theory of ultrasound absorption of binary critical mixtures (σ0: characteristic temperature independent relaxation rate, ω0 = (43.8 ± 0.7) GHz; g: coupling constant, g = – (0.56 ± 0.01). Recent ultrasound absorption data of that system are reanalysed on the basis of Ferrell-Bhattacharjee theory. The analysis of data measured at seven frequencies of ultrasound in the range 9 MHz to 45 MHz gives values of the parameters ω0 and g which are in satisfactory agreement with those obtained from light scattering and thermodynamic measurements (ω0 = (37 σ 3) GHz; lgl = 0.5).


We describe a comparison between pretriangulated differential graded categories and certain stable infinity categories. Specifically, we use a model category structure on differential graded categories over k (a field of characteristic 0) where the weak equivalences are the Morita equivalences, and where the fibrant objects are in particular pretriangulated differential graded categories. We show the underlying infinity category of this model category is equivalent to the infinity category of k-linear stable infinity categories.


The present work aims to provide an analysis of the liability of professional underwriters deriving from the transfer of corporate bonds issued beyond legal limits under Italian law. After a brief introduction over the new limits for the issuance of bonds, enacted in 2003 by the Corporate Law Reform, the paper focuses on section 2412 (2) of Italian Civil Code, scrutinizing what plaintiffs can invoke the cause of action set forth by the rule and against what defendants, and analyzing the nature and origins of this liability. The following part of the paper examines the relationship between section 2412(2), banks' liability for negligent lending, and Italian rules over circulation of securities. The final part of the work suggests alternative ways (that is securitization and credit derivatives) to transfer the credit risk linked to bonds issued beyond the legal limit without triggering the statutory liability.


1,2 Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad-431 001, Maharasthra, India 3 Associate Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad-431 001, Maharasthra, India 4 Professor and Head, Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad-431 001, Maharasthra, India 5 Junior Resident II, Department of Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad-431 001, Maharasthra, India


Aim:  To evaluate the accuracy in transcutaneous (Tc) blood gas monitoring in newborn infants, including extremely low birth weight infants, during neonatal intensive care.


Background: Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) was one of prevalent mental health problems in community and clinical population, yet the prevalence among university students was still underexplored. A screening tool to assess SSD among university students is critical to enhance the mental health service provision in university settings. Study aims: This study aims to validate the Indonesian version of the Somatic Symptom Disorders – B Criteria Scale (SSD-12) as mental health screening tool in university student sample. Method: Forward-backward translation was conducted followed by content validity examination. A number 277 undergraduate students filled in the SSD-12 during the field test (85.5% was female, M= 19.7; SD= 1.44). Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to determine and examine item and scale characteristics, reliability, item-rest correlation, and factorial structure of the scale. Result: The result showed that the SSD-12 had excellent reliability as full-scale (α= .907) and had moderate and good reliability at sub-scale level (.693, .837, and .858 for cognitive, affective, and behavioral sub-scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indices for one-factor model (CFI=0.938; TLI=0.921; RMSEA=0.086; 90% CI= 0.071-0.102) and good fit indices for three-factors model (CFI=0.968; TLI=0.957; RMSEA=.064; 90% CI= 0.047-0.081). Conclusion: The Indonesian version of SSD-12 was valid and reliable to be used as screening instrument in Indonesian university student sample.


This review focuses on the applications of multicenter organocatalysts, which can form chiral hydrogen bonded networks. The high tunabilities of these catalysts in terms of their active sites, chiral spacers, and tolerated reaction conditions have been used advantageously in applications to various classes of catalytic asymmetric carbon―carbon and carbon―oxygen bond forming reactions. The high stereoselectivities of these reactions are attributed to the chemoselective dual activation of both the nucleophile and electrophile reacting partners in asymmetric space. The key requirements for the cooperative effects of weak noncovalent-bonding interactions are discussed.


Commencement of Proceedings Parties and Joinder Third Party Proceedings Pleadings Affidavits Service Out of the Jurisdiction Default Judgments Summary Judgment Directions, Preparation for Trial and Judgment Striking Out, Dismissal and Discontinuance Payments into Court and Interim Payments Costs Enforcement of Judgments Appeals Interlocutory Injunctions Mareva (Freezing) Injunctions and Anton Piller (Search) Orders.


Polymer solar cells based on blends of poly( 3-hexylthiophene)( P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester( PCBM) were fabricated by solvent annealing under different environmental pressures. The performance of the solar cells were tested by X-ray diffraction( XRD),atomic force microscopy( AFM) images and absorption spectra. By increasing the environmental pressure of solvent annealing,the optical absorption of the active layer was enhanced,the crystallinity of the active layer and the phase segregation of P3 HT and PCBM were improved,which facilitated photogenerated exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transport. The power conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell fabricated by solvent annealing under 2. 0 MPa is 3. 69%,which is29% higher than that of the one fabricated under atmosphere pressure.


It is found that the Standard Model symmetry group U(1) 5 SU(2) 5 SU(3) is physically misinterpreted: the U(1) 5 SU(2) gauge theory is confused and does not require a separate Higgs field to generate mass and break the electroweak symmetry. SU(2) with massless gauge bosons is proved to model electrodynamics, using massless electrically charged field quanta. This involves disproving the infinite self-inductance objection to massless charged field quanta. This objection simply does not apply to an equilibrium of exchange of charged field quanta between charges, since the magnetic vectors undergo a cancellation. The extra two "polarizations" of the photon needed in electrodynamics to account for both attractive and repulsive interactions are actually electric charges, hence an SU(2) based Yang-Mills electromagnetism, in which the charge transfer term is prohibited (i.e., set equal to zero) by the physical self-constraint that charge massless gauge bosons can only be exchanged in equilibrium situations where the rate of reception of charge from massless charged field quanta equals the rate of emission of such charge, cancelling magnetic curl vectors, thus eliminating the infinite self-inductance of massless charged radiation. This physical constraint constitutes an effective prohibition of charge transfer in SU(2) electromagnetism, therefore automatically reducing preventing the charge transfer in the the Yang-Mill equations from operating, and thus reducing those equations to Abeliantype Maxwell equations. The value charge transfer term (the key distinguishing feature between Maxwell and Yang-Mills equations) is constrained to a value of zero for massless charged field quanta. Thus, electromagnetism can be represented as a massless field quanta version of the weak isospin interaction. The two forces, electromagnetism and weak interactions, still arise from a Weinberg mixing with a U(1) hypercharge, but U(1) Abelian symmetry is now the basis of a (spin-1 graviton) quantum gravity theory, the charge of which is mass. The gravitational charge (mass) of U(1) partially breaks the electroweak symmetry of SU(2). The massless neutral SU(2) gauge boson is mixed with the U(1) hypercharge boson to produce gravitons, while only weak bosons interacting with left-handed spinors acquire mass. This is not an arbitary and ad hoc chiral adjustment as occurs in the Standard Model (which makes the weak isospin a left-handed interaction by assuming that all neutrinos are left-handed), but is physically justified by the correction of a systematic error in the status quo analysis of beta decay, where lepton to lepton decay is mediated by a decaying weak boson, but quark to lepton decay mediated by decaying weak bosons (as occurs experimentally) is ignored in favour of an inconsistent analysis whereby the direct (rather than weak boson decay mediated) product is a quark, not a lepton. This inconsistent and dogmatically pursued misinterpretation corrupts the entire analysis of particle categories, leading to false definitions of antimatter, and artifacts such as an apparent excess of matter over antimatter in the universe. The theory makes checkable predictions by replacing the Higgs mechanism with a more highly predictive theory of mass, corrects the definition of antimatter for quarks and leptons, and produces a new unification of all particles which predicts their couplings, masses, and mixing angles. The superficial spin-2, rank-2 spacetime curvature formulation of general relativity is proved just one representation for energy conservation in gravitation, because formulating field strengths in terms of spacetime curvature invokes second order (rank-2) tensors, which are physically and mathematically merely a duality to Faraday's first order (rank-1) formulation of field strengths as gradients of "field lines". It is easy to represent gravitational fields or electromagnetic fields by either spacetime curvatures (rank-2 equations) or "field line" gradients (rank-1 equations) so the usual claim that the form of the equations is a physically deep distinction between electromagnetism and gravitation is wrong. The spin-2 graviton claim is proved to be a reductionist error, based on ignoring graviton interactions with all surrounding masses. The empirically checked theory was published in stages during research since 1996; this paper compiles and consolidates that research. 1. Phase transformations, gauge theory and the Standard Model ORIGIN OF THE PHASE CHANGE FACTOR, eiS/h. Schroedinger's time-dependent equation, Hψ = -ih dΨ/dt, has the solution ψt /ψ0 = e iHt/h. In first-quantization, or undergraduate textbook quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian H is represented by a non-relativistic sum of the kinetic and classical Coulomb potential energy of the particle, with the momentum and distance related by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. The Hamiltonian for energy then contains a second-order derivative of the wavefunction with respect to distance, whereas the dependence of the wavefunction is the first-order derivative of time. This dissimilar treatment of space and time is why the 1st quantization Hamiltonian is non-relativistic, and why Dirac derived an alternative, quite different, relativistic Hamiltonian which has a non-classical Coulomb potential. In 2nd quantization, the uncertainty principle applies to the Coulomb field rather than to the kinetic energy of the particle. Feynman in his 1985 book QED showed that 2nd quantization is not a supplement or addition to 1st quantization, but is rather a replacement for it. The wave aspect of the particle then arises from the quantum interactions it has with its own field surrounding it in space as it moves. Dirac's Hamiltonian equation successfully predicted particle spin and antimatter. Feynman reformulated quantum mechanics in terms of path integrals which allow forces to arise from the summing of contributions from virtual photons whose exchange spaces are called force fields. Hence the name, "quantum field theory". In Feynman's 2nd quantization path integrals, the product of Hamiltonian energy H and time t is replaced, for one path, by the integral of the lagrangian energy equation for a particle over time, i.e. action S = ∫Ldt = Ht, so we obtain ψS /ψ0 = eiS/h. The exponential factor eiS/h is a unit vector rotating anticlockwise about the origin on an Argand diagram, as action S is increased. Therefore, it is real and positive for the case S = 0, thereby maximising contributions for small actions, and it is uniformly periodic, and thus usually self-cancelling, for large actions where it is real and negative just as much as real and positive, and imaginary and positive as much as imaginary and negative. Physically, eiS/h can be summed on an Argand diagram by plotting on such a diagram each path as a fixed length (but direction varying) arrow, with the arrows arranged from nose-to-tail (the order in which the arrows are summed is immaterial for the end resultant, provided that they are placed nose-to-tail of the each other). The resultant arrow conveys two pieces of information. Firstly, the length of the resultant arrow is proportional to the wavefunction, so the square of the length is proportional to the probability of finding the particle in a unit volume, and thus is proportional to the effective "cross-section" (the area of the particle that needs to be struck for a given interaction to occur once). Secondly, the direction of the resultant arrow indicates which contributing paths have the greatest contributions to the resultant, since those path arrows which are most nearly parallel to the resultant arrow contribute the most to it. (All contributing arrows have equal length; only their direction varies with S.) PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS AND LAGRANGIAN INVARIANCE IN GAUGE THEORY. Noether's theorem states that an invariance or symmetry is accompanied by a conservation law. E.g., rotational invarianceproduces conservation of angular momentum, and translational invariance produces conservation of energy. Gauge theories are constructed so that the Lagrangian energy density is conserved or "kept invariant" under a local symmetry transformation like U(1) or SU(N). The energy of the particle system is modelled by a Lagrangian equation L which is integrated over time to yield action S = ∫Ldt. The phase change of the wavefunction over a given path is then ψS /ψ0 = e iS/h. Summing this relative amplitude eiS/h over all virtual paths gives the "path integral" of quantum field theory, the square of which is proportional to the probability of finding a particle within a given volume of space, which is in turn ssproportional to the cross-section area (or relative probability) for a reaction. Gauge theory is constructed by examining the effect of a phase transformation upon the Lagrangian equation for energy. Global phase transformations, such as simultaneously changing the wavefunctions of all the particles in the universe to the by the same factor (such as reversing all the spins of particles), leaves the Lagrangian unchanged, since the relative energy of any given particle to its neighbours is the same (because they have all undergone the same phase transformation). Local (non-universal) phase transformations, however, do change the energy of the particular particles relative to their neighbours. Gauge invariance must keeps the Lagrangian invariant under these local wavefunction phase transformationsψS /ψ0 = e iS/h by changing the Lagrangian to compensate for the accompanying change in the energy of system due to the interaction with a field quanta which produces the transformation. Every phase change is accompanied by a virtual boson interaction which compensates for the change in the kinetic energy of the particle whose phase changes. The nature of this field change is therefore to introduce a gauge field that mediates forces via a virtual boson. The Lagrangian, L, is the kinetic energy minus the


This paper introduces a Bayesian approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods for solving estimation problems in source separation. The method consists in constructing estimates with Monte Carlo techniques. This requires the sampling of the variables of interest, which is performed via Markov chain simulation schemes. The main algorithm is developed for linear and instantaneous noisy mixtures. The separation method becomes more efficient when some prior knowledge is available on the source signals. Numerical experiments illustrate performance of the approach for sources issued from PSK modulations. This method can also be used to overcome difficult estimation tasks. Examples of undetermined mixtures and the estimation of the number of states for PSK constellations are considered. The method is also extended to the separation of an unknown number of source signals.


AbstractIn order to describe the evolution of rolling textures in bcc metals, and particularly to assess the contribution of dislocation slip on {123} glide planes, a Taylor model, which makes use of increasing strain relaxation and considers various types of bcc glide system, is applied. The deformation is simulated in the range e=0–90%. The model in which dislocation slip on {IIO}, {l12}, and {123} planes is taken into account exhibits good agreement with experimentally detected rolling textures. A comparison with computations carried out using only {11O} and {112} slip planes reveals that the additionally activated {l23} glide systems contributed a considerable amount of shear which wasformerly attributed to the {110} and (112} slip systems.MST/2091


account, a reading, a version. To say this is not necessarily to criticize the book; of course, as theology, it will found itself on what its author sees as a proper understanding of the gospels. But since, as a work of literary and cultural criticism, it is engaged precisely in the close examination of how particular readings of the gospel function in context, it provokes its own readers to similar questions. In doing so, it manages to involve us, as Aers himself is so clearly involved, in a passionately interesting conversation about late medieval religious belief and practice and their continuing implications.


Nowadays, due to the widespread use of Information and Communication technologies (ICTs), digital leadership is becoming a new stage in the development of both regional and global economies. A wide development and introduction of the latest novel digital technologies have become an integral part of the business, which allows to open up many new opportunities and completely "non-standard", at first glance, business ideas and projects. Therefore, experts in digital leadership are becoming more and more in demand, able to stimulate the team for new experiments, improve business performance and be high-tech individuals. This paper focuses on the issue of digital leadership in the world in general and in Russian Federation in particular. We analyse recent trends and development and make some predictions for the future.


Wireless communication is in a development period from narrowband to broadband. This paper introduces easliy some wireless broadband communication systems and their applications such as wireless LAN, broadhand synthetical digital network, 3G mobile communication system and wireless ATM network.


The significance of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) level in blood serum for the confirmation of tuberculosis was analyzed in 106 patients at the advanced stages of HIV infection. In 63 of 106 (59.4%) persons tuberculosis was diagnosed based on clinical signs. Patients with co-infection (HIV/TB) had confidently higher level of LAM in their blood serum versus HIV patients (13.75 ± 1.5 pg/ml; CI ± 2.97 and 7.49 ± 0.5 pg/ml; CI ± 0.96, respectively; Р = 0.000163). In general, sensitivity of the test of LAM level in blood serum of HIV patients made 85.7%, and specificity made 79.1%. It was found out that in TB/HIV patients, LAM level in blood serum was not influenced by such factors as extent of tuberculous lesions in respiratory organs (a positive result of LAM test in case of disseminated and local respiratory lesions was in 86% (37/43) and 85% of cases (17/20) respectively) and bacillary excretion (a positive result of LAM test in case of bacillary excretion and without was in 89.2% (33/37) and 76.9% (20/26) of cases respectively). The part of positive results when performing LAM test was in 87.5% of cases (54/63), while results of skin test with tuberculous recombinant allergen were positive only in 14.4% (9/63). The presented results allow concluding than it would be sensible to test LAM level in blood serum in the patients at the advanced stage of HIV infection. The informativeness of LAM test increases depending as the immune deficiency progresses and it becomes a valuable diagnostic tool at the level of CD4 < 200 cells per mcl.


This study aims at finding out how the use of Dictogloss Technique improves Thai students' listening comprehension. This is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in DarulQur'anilkariim Narathiwat-South Thailand. The subjects of the study are Thai students of class 6/1 at the school.The implementation of the technique was by building background knowledge about the text to be studied, then introducing some new vocabulary related to the text, dictating the material, and giving students time to record important matters when dictated.The data were collected from listening comprehension tests and were analyzed by using a qualitative approach. The result of the students' listening comprehension improvement was as follows; the percentage of the students achieving the target score was 55% in the first cycle, and was improved into 75% in the second one.This leads to the conclusion that the students' improved listening comprehension was because Dictogloss combines top-down and bottom-up processing which is appropriate with the students' need. Key words : Dictogloss Technique, Listening Comprehension.


In this paper,an analysis method for a forced vibration crankshaft is given based on the constructed model of flexible coupling crankshaft system.Under the given load,the method gave a dynamic simulation of the forced crankshaft using the ADAMS/Vibration software.The dynamic simulation results showed that the displacement and velocity of the crankshaft fillet had a mutation.It illustrated that deformation was easy to produce at the crankshaft fillet,which abided by the facts.


Early detection of rail surface defects (RSDs) is crucial for timely rail maintenance, repair, or replacement to prevent potential risk of rail breaks and train derailments. Axle box acceleration (ABA) measurement is commonly used to identify rail and track irregularities. This paper aims to (1) model and simulate three common RSDs (rail corrugation, spalling, and squat) with three severity levels (light, moderate, and severe); (2) process and analyse simulated RSD-driven ABA signals; and (3) ascertain relationships between RSDs and their corresponding ABA signals. Explicit dynamic finite element models of wheel-rail interaction were created for rails with and without RSDs. Simulated RSD-driven ABA signals were subsequently processed and analysed using various signal processing algorithms including short-time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform, empirical mode decomposition, and power spectral density. Results reveal the likelihood of automatically detecting and classifying different types and different severity levels of RSDs from ABA signals, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of rail condition monitoring and diagnosis.


Generally for the purpose of minimizing maintenance and repairs and of ensuring higher safety and repairs and better visibility, cement concrete and semi-flexible pavements are used extensively for road section in tunnels. However, the tunnel, which is the subject of the present investigation, inevitably suffers from reflective cracking by differential settlement of the ground or due to other causes and from leakage at the cracks of bottom slabs because it was built on a very weak ground. Under these unfavorable conditions., using a cement concrete pavement might result in early cracking. For this tunnnel, therefore, we investigated a pavement structure which is capable of reducing the occurrence of reflection cracks and of draining water leaking out at the bottom slab cracks. As a result, a mixture, which is used for draining type pavements, was applied for the layer being in contact with the bottom slabs. We confirmed the validity of this method from the result of the follow-up survey of five years.


Ever since the purchase of the Manor of Ingatestone in 1539, the Petre family has played a prominent part not only in the history of the Catholic community in Essex, but in the life of the Church further afield. Sir William Petre, the founder of the Essex line, and two of his descendants have merited the attention of a biographer, while there has also been a substantial periodical literature associated with the family. However, no such detailed study has yet been written on perhaps the most intriguing member of the family, the little-known thirteenth Baron of Writtle, Monsignor Lord William Joseph Petre. The present article seeks to shed light on the early part of the career of this pioneer of Catholic liberal education and the first Catholic priest to take his seat in the House of Lords since the Reformation. The focal point of Petre's earlier years was the monastery and school of St. Gregory's, Downside.


History has not always been kind to Sagoyewatha, or, as he is more commonly known, Red Jacket. One of the most eloquent spokesmen for Native sovereignty in the early national period, Sagoyewatha was nonetheless accused by his peers of cowardice, alcoholism, and egotism. Although none of these character allegations damage his contributions to Indian nationalism (many of the charges originated in political rivalry), the more insidious argument about Red Jacket's life treats him like one of James Fenimore Cooper's vanishing race. An influential Seneca leader after 1790, Sagoyewatha is generally recognized as a principal engineer of the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua, which guaranteed Indian sovereignty over four million acres of upstate New York. In other achievements, he defended arrested Senecas from state prosecution, made numerous trips to Washington, D.C., to lobby for Seneca rights, and he stridently opposed missionary presence on Indian lands after 1803. Echoing the social opinions of the late 1820s, however, Euroamerican and Indian historians alike have characterized him as the "last" of the Senecas, a tragic figure who represented the final days of his nation.' Fortunately, this picture is beginning to change. Christopher Densmore's recent biography has helped to clear away the cloud of demonization that obscured Red Jacket's life. Literary scholars and historians, such as Maureen Konkle and Matthew Dennis, have begun to frame Sagoyewatha's career as an influential contribution to discourse about Native sovereignty. Furthermore, given the existence of a large number of Red Jacket speeches with good provenance, his work provides an archive of Indigenous political thought and action that has yet to receive the study it deserves.2


Exfoliation of clay nanoparticles is a critical step in achieving unique properties associated with clay−polymer nanocomposites. However, a rational means of designing exfoliated nanocomposites, especially in photopolymerizable systems, remain elusive to date. This study investigates the influence of monomer−clay dispersant interactions on organoclay dispersion behavior in photopolymerizable systems. The dispersion behavior of a nonpolar, nonpolymerizable organoclay in a range of monomers with different sizes and polarity was investigated utilizing X-ray scattering and electron microscopy. Results show that increasing chemical similarity between monomer and organoclay dispersant as well as enhanced polar/nonpolar interaction facilitates exfoliation. Organoclays modified with nonpolar dispersants only intercalates in polar polymers. Conversely, exfoliation of the nonpolar organoclay is facilitated in increasingly nonpolar polymers. A set of quaternary ammonium surfactants modified with methacrylate or thio...


Year of enrolment: 2018 Expected final date: summer 2021 email: firstname.lastname@example.com A Counterfactual Analysis of the European Unitary Patent∗ Alexis Stevenson † Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki GSE and KU Leuven Tuomas Takalo ‡ Bank of Finland, VATT Institute for Economic Research and Helsinki GSE Otto Toivanen § Aalto University School of Business, Helsinki GSE, KU Leuven and CEPR December 3, 2019 Abstract We analyze how the harmonization of patent systems affects patent value and patenting behavior in Europe. We model the validation and renewal decisions for European patents granted by the European Patent Office to companies during the period 1998-2003. Our model allows us to assess the private economic value of European patents including the correlation between returns across countries. In a second step, we perform a counterfactual analysis of the Unitary Patent system. This new European patent regime intends to simplify and reduce the cost of patenting in Europe. Our goal is to quantify some of the benefits and costs of this new regime.We analyze how the harmonization of patent systems affects patent value and patenting behavior in Europe. We model the validation and renewal decisions for European patents granted by the European Patent Office to companies during the period 1998-2003. Our model allows us to assess the private economic value of European patents including the correlation between returns across countries. In a second step, we perform a counterfactual analysis of the Unitary Patent system. This new European patent regime intends to simplify and reduce the cost of patenting in Europe. Our goal is to quantify some of the benefits and costs of this new regime. Please, note that this project is still at a very early stage. This draft paper shows the method we wish to adopt to address our research question. ∗Financial support from Hanken School of Economics and the IPR University Center is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Mattia Nardotto and participants at the KU Leuven IO seminar for comments and Adrian Kovalcic for advise on the PATSTAT data. All errors our ours. †email: email@example.com ‡email@example.com §firstname.lastname@example.com 1


Objective:To study clinical manifestation and image features(CT and MRI) on toxic encephalopathy after inhaling heroin.Methods:Analysed clinic manifestion,image features,treatment and results of three cases.Results:Three patients were the youth,they all had definite histories of inhaling heroin,and they had appearances of clinical manifestations in half month after abrupt abstinence.The disease started in a subacute way.And the main clinical manifestations were progressive dysarthria,unstable walking,reaction retardation,ect.The CT and MRI of brain revealed the change of generalized,symmetrical demyelination in cerebellum hemisphere,basal ganglia,white matter of cerebrum hemisphere,brain stem.By treated with methylprednisolone 3 patients improve remarkably.Conclusions:The diagnozis of heroin toxic encephalopathy should be dependent on the definite history of inhaling heroin and clinical features and imagine features,so we could diagnose and treat the patients of the disease in time.


It is a challenging task to design and implement a high performance collaborative surgical simulation system because of the sharp conflict between the requirement of maintaining high levels of state consistency and the limitation of network transmission capacity. In this paper, a middleware based development platform, termed ECiSS, is presents for enhancing collaboration in surgical simulation. In this framework, efficient collaboration is achieved by developing a series of network management approaches, including services management, collaboration mechanisms, adaptive protocols, various deformation models, 3D to 2D synchronization and flexible computation policies. In addition, middleware based methods are adopted in our design and implementation to facilitate the transformation procedures from standalone simulators to collaborative applications. Prototypes of our framework have been developed for Windows and UNIX platform respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that this framework can support collaborative surgical simulation with acceptable network latencies and has the potential to be used in clinical applications.


【Objective】Trichogrammatidae from farmland in Aksu and Ba- zhou region was investigated and studied systematically. 【Method】specimens investigated were collected by sweeping and identification method based on traditional morphology. 【Result】Resource investigation and the systematic study of Trichogrammatidae were done for the first time in Aksu and Ba- zhou region. 10 genera and 13 species of Trichogrammatidae were recorded. 4 species to Trichogramma Westwood and 1species to the left genera( Paratrichogramma Girault、Epoligosita Girault,Aphelinoidea Girault,Tumidiclava Girault,Hayatia Viggiani,Oligosita Walker,Ufens Girault,Xiphogramma Nowicki,Paracentrobia Howard). Furthermore,we provide Key to the genera and species of Trichogrammatidae,including morphological feature figures were provided. Except the Trichogramma Westwood,the remain genera in this region were firstly reported.【Conclusion】According to the investigation,in exceptional drought environment of aksu and bazhou region,there were relatively rich species and amount of trichogrammatidae.


We have developed 90 nm-node CMOS technology for general-purpose system-on-a-chip (SoC), in which both high performance and low leakage devices are strongly required. With highly reliable triple gate oxide (1.55nm, 2.2nm and 5.2nm) and multi-Vt options, this platform offers broad foundry applications. The standard performance (SF) transistors provide on-current of 910/405 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for n/pFETs with off-current of 8/16 nA//spl mu/m respectively. The low leakage (LL) transistors provide on-current of 450/170 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for n/pFET's with off-current of 30/30 pA//spl mu/m. These transistors are incorporated with optimized triple well, nitrided gate oxide dielectrics, ultra shallow junction, offset oxide spacer, low temperature nitride spacer and low temperature cobalt salicide to optimize the device performance. A 9-level hierarchical Cu/low-k BEOL integration is implemented to maximize interconnects speed. Two embedded SRAM cells are provided for high performance and low leakage options.


ABSTRACT Disabled children experience unique vulnerabilities in the context of child protection and welfare services. Current research alludes to strong concerns about social inequality, professional responses, judgement, knowledge and awareness limitations, and practical constraints. This article presents a focused commentary on the literature pertaining to child protection and disabled children. It does so through the lens of a broad affirmative non-tragedy approach. Within this, consideration is given to the distinct experience of disabled children within the broader child protection and welfare system, including experiences of being in care and of leaving care. The matter of children's rights is explicitly addressed with a particular focus on the right for children to have their voices heard. Core themes are drawn from the body of material, which are then used to inform a discussion on the key points of learning for practitioners and policy makers moving forward. The article concludes with the recognition that, to date the matter of supporting disabled children and their families within the child protection and welfare context remains both critical and broadly neglected. It proposes that the affirmative non-tragedy model offers an effective theoretical lens to progress an assertive children's rights approach within the child protection and welfare context.


"Reading Anew" was originally presented as a speech at the awards ceremony for the Warburg Prize in Hamburg, 26 October 2021.


A method for mixing music includes utilizing a portable unit to play an audio file, detecting mobile path of said portable unit to generate a control signal and mixing said audio file as per said control signal, selecting out a specific sound effect from multiple sound effects and mixing said specific sound effect with a sound effect corresponded by said audio file.


The accession and coronation oaths legitimate the monarchy and the UK political system but perpetuate a religious settlement originally legislated over 300 years ago. Some elements have been subsequently adjusted to reflect the changing composition of the union and in the 20th century influences from the 'dominions' have led to changes in the religious elements which have a questionable legal basis in the UK and significant domestic consequences. A major public review of them is necessary if they are to be adapted suitably for the changed circumstances of the contemporary era.


National pride in 22 countries, reported in probability surveys of the International Social Survey Programme of 1995 on national identity is shown to be based on four sources of national pride: internal care (IC), nowadays and past achievements (NA and PA), and external power (EP). The proportion of repondents who are proud of these basic sources differs among countries: (1) being proud of IC is more common in countries with a high level of democracy and a well-developed social welfare system, (2) people are most likely to be proud of NA in economically well-developed countries, (3) pride in PA is especially high in countries that lack pride in NA, and (4) pride in EP is greatest in countries with powerful armed forces. Furthermore, being proud of NA correlates positively with gross national product whereas the reverse holds for being proud of PA. Interpersonal trust, postmaterialist values, subjective well-being and life satisfaction are shown to be strong positive correlates of pride in IC and less strong, but still positive, correlates of pride in NA.


While digital game consumption has moved away from bricks-and-mortar retail to application stores and online platforms like Steam, an increasingly competitive world-wide marketplace with new marketing and business models has developed. The revenues of these new models (such as subscription-based and freemium models, free to play models, etc.) rather depend on the player's desire to continue to play, than on a single purchase. Yet, retaining players in an environment where (free) games are at the fingertips of every player is difficult. Having a clear understanding of why players start, continue or cease to play has therefore become of vital importance to the game industry. Beyond the commercial value, the academic study of player retention and cessation within digital games has a broader, social relevance as well. For instance, digital game-based learning is increasingly being implemented in a variety of sectors including education, workplace training and health. Understanding why an interactive training is stopped and predicting dropout would help to improve existing training programs or cater to the needs of specific subgroups with high risk for dropout. A better understanding of player cessation, with improved techniques for measuring and predicting dropout, will also support efforts to prevent excessive game use and promote responsible video game behavior. While motivations to start playing digital games have been studied across different genres and within different theoretical frameworks, persistent and especially cessation behavior is rarely studied in digital games research. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory and the Model of Media Attendance this study starts to fill this research gap by examining possible determinants for digital game play cessation. We focus on a specific genre, namely Multiplayer Online Battle Arena games or MOBA's, a popular though rarely studied genre. A qualitative research design has been adopted to explore player cessation in detail, with an emphasis on digital game motivations, flow, and both parental and peer mediation. We conducted in-depth interviews (N=15) with adolescents and young adults between the ages of twelve and twenty-two. The results indicate that the discontinuation of starting motivations (e.g., no more challenge or competition), contextual elements (e.g., parents rules of game time, following friends to other games), game-related elements (e.g., availability of another or better game, no more new content in the game, bugs and faults), negative experiences (e.g., saturation, frustration), and physiological reasons (e.g., tiredness and being hungry) are important determinants of player cessation. Future research should further look into player cessation for a better understanding of this understudied behavioral aspect of digital game play, from an integrated perspective to pin-point the predictive power of gamer, content and contextual factors alike. In our discussion we propose a research agenda for both quantitative and qualitative follow-up research.


W. Neil Adger is Professor in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia. He leads the research programme on adaptation in the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and is a member of the Resilience Alliance. His latest books are Governing Sustainability (Cambridge University Press, 2009) and Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2009).


We manipulated the risk of fish predation and cannibalism in semi-field and laboratory experiments with larvae of the dragonfly Epitheca cynosura. Results of a 22-week semi-field experiment showed that larvae from different densities were indistinguishable in mean size by the end of the experiment, but that individuals from low densities were larger until week 12. Larvae from low densities varied less in size than did those from high densities. Larvae showed rapid convergence of densities in the absence of fish. Fish predation also generated rapid convergence of densities. The presence of fish initially reduced larval size variation. There was a significant trend for the presence of fish scent to increase larval survival at low larval densities over survival in the absence of fish. Behavioral observations in the laboratory supported the results of the semi-field study in that (i) dragonfly larvae reduced their activity under daytime conditions, (ii) the presence of large larvae caused small larvae to incr...


Chilled-water systems that vary flow through chiller evaporators have caught the attention of engineers, contractors, building owners, and operators. Chiller manufacturers are becoming increasingly receptive to this interest, thanks to ongoing advancements in control technology. Ten years ago, many of these manufacturers would have said, "No, you can't do that," if asked about variable evaporator flow. Five years ago, they would have said, "You probably shouldn't do that." Today, they will point to existing installations that successfully use variable evaporator flow. This article will discuss several aspects of variable-primary-flow (VPF) systems, including benefits and complexities, and tips for successful implementation.


WV HEN we think about defining nursing functions and the legal control of the practice of these functions, there are three primary considerations we must keep in mind. The first is: What is legal control and how have nursing functions been defined under the law? The second is: What is the relationship to the law of a profession's declarations regarding its functions? Third is: What is the relationship to the law of declarations by a profession's various sections, and how are these sections' declarations related to each other? Let's see what the first consideration might be. The source of any legal control over any trade, business, occupation, or activity lies within the state governments. Authority for such control is known as the police power of the state. It has nothing to do with the police force; it is the authority by which state governments may pass laws on matters affecting public health, safety, or morals. This is a power which the federal government is not deemed to possess. The police power is not an unconditional or unlimited power. By the nature of our Constitution, we are compelled to pass all laws in relation to a person's right to engage in a business, and also in relation to a person's equal protection with every other citizen, so that any law that is passed regulating a trade, business, or activity meets three primary conditions: A law must be necessary because a question of public health, safety, or morals is involved. It must operate equally on all who perform that act at the same time. The law must adopt means which are reasonable for the objective which it seeks to accomplish. Obviously, any law which seeks to regulate an activity will provide means for controlling those activities which are in proportion to the degree to which public health, safety, or morals may be endangered. Since 1903 we have had legislation and legal decisions involving professional nurses. You are the heirs and the beneficiaries of the early laws and the early efforts of nurse leaders. Legislative attempts for the control of practical nursing have risen very rapidly within the past ten years. Today, the 48 states, the District of Columbia, and four territories have laws regulating professional nursing. Six of those laws are mandatory. Forty-two states have laws regulating the practice of practical nursing. I believe that three states have special laws with respect to the practice of nurse anesthetists. Many states have special laws with respect to school nursing. Many nurses and nurse leaders are of the opinion that more laws are needed, that we need more laws with respect to other specialties, such as industrial or public health nursing.


It is assumed that education may be one of the key aspects in preventing social exclusion and that children in both residential and family foster care would seem to be at risk of exclusion due to unequal opportunities in compulsory and post-compulsory education, particularly when leaving care. On the basis of findings from a European research project, this article examines the educational pathways in Spain among 18–22 year olds who were in care at 16. The qualitative results presented here were taken from initial and follow-up interviews with young people from a public care background, interviews with care managers and nominated adults—mainly social educators. Results showed that delays in educational pathways were frequent among these young people, even those who showed educational promise and were highly motivated. Factors associated with such delays were related to (1) professionals and managers in the child protection system not prioritising their education; (2) low expectations among adults providing them with support; (3) invisibility within the educational system of the specific support needs of this population and (4) additional difficulties this population encounters in the transition to adulthood. If policies are to be developed to address all of the above factors, it is crucial to assess what urgent changes are required to empower the potential human and social capital of this population, increase equality in their educational opportunities and reduce their high risk of social exclusion.


In early 2000, Australia experienced a medical insurance 'crisis' due to a surge in medical negligence litigation and many publicised instances of hefty compensation payouts. Sustained critique of the compensation system prompted state


The title trinuclear WMo2 compound, [Mo2WH2(C5H5)4(C2H6P)2(CO)4], was obtained by opening of the hydride bridge in the dinuclear dibridged (μ-PMe2,H){(C5H5)2Mo}{W(CO)4} complex (MoIV) upon the action of (C5H5)2Mo(PMe2H) (MoII) in THF solution. This involves the formal conversion of MoII to MoIV.


The recently proposed Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) framework has opened up a new dimension for Internet traffic management that is complementary to the traditional application-agnostic traffic engineering (AATE) solutions currently employed by ISPs. In this paper, we investigate how ALTO-assisted Peer-to-Peer (P2P) traffic management functions interact with the underlying AATE operations, given that there may exist different application-layer policies in the P2P overlay. By considering specific P2P peer selection behaviors on top of a traffic-engineered ISP network, we conduct a performance analysis on how the application and network-layer respective performance is influenced by different policies at the P2P side. Our empirical study offers significant insight for the future design and analysis of cross-layer network engineering approaches that involve multiple autonomous optimization entities with both consistent and non-consistent policies.


The paper focuses on the relationship between financial income and GDP,macrotax rate and GDP growth rate.Based on Tianjin data,it aims to analyze the relationship of macro tax incidence and economic development in Tianjin city.Finally it gave several econometric model using Eviews3.1.From the Reform and Open of China,the macrotax of Tianjin keep on reducing,but the tax level is fit.From 1990,the teritary industry of Tianjin develop fast and take a bigger and bigger proportion in GDP.Comparing with other municipalities directly under the central Government,the macrotax level of Tianjin is normal.


Russian intellectual society of the mid-nineteenth century greeted the Crimean War with varying degrees of enthusiasm that gradually yielded to the belief that defeat might prove necessary for fundamental reform of the government and social system.


Transparent oxyfluoride tellurite glass-ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals were prepared by high temperature melting method. The glass-ceramics were characterized by Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that the CaF2 nanocrystals were spherical and the average size was found to be 60 nm.


Union secondary law provides for a number of applications and substantiations of the principle of loyalty in various contexts. Firstly, this can take the form of a restatement of the active duty under Article 4 (3) fi rst indent in acts of secondary law. Th us, Article 1 of Regulation 2847/93 establishing a control system for the Common Fisheries Policy calls on the Member States to adopt appropriate measures to ensure the eff ectiveness of the Union system for conservation and management of fi shery resources, and has been qualifi ed by the Court as a specifi cation of ex Article 10 EC. 1 Secondly, loyalty in secondary law can represent duties of coordination requiring Member States and the Union actively to manage their relations with each other. Information, notifi cation, and consultation obligations provide examples for these kinds of duties based on loyalty. Th us, certain acts of secondary law foresee duties of exchanging information between the Member States themselves or between the Member States and Union institutions. An example of cooperation in the former constellation is the duty of national institutions to cooperate in matters of social security rights under Regulation No. 1408/72, for which the Court explicitly referred to ex Article 10 EC. 2 An example of the cooperation between the Member States and the Union can be found in Regulation 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down by Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. 3 Article 11 of this Regulation requires the Commission and the national competent authorities (NCA) to apply the Union competition rules 'in close cooperation'. Article 13 states that where NCAs of two or more Member States have initiated proceedings under Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in the same case, this may preclude other Member States as well as the Commission. If there is, however, a Commission decision on the application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, Article 16 of Regulation 1/2003 safeguards the uniform application of EU competition law by precluding decisions by national courts or NCAs that would run counter to the decision adopted by the Commission. 4 Against this background, Article 15 requires the mutual exchange of information and assessments between the Commission and NCAs


A backsack peanut picking combine comprises a power device, a picking and conveying device, a fruit picking and cleaning device and a fruit lifting and collecting device. The picking and conveying device comprises a picking device, a picking bottom plate and a conveying chain I, the picking device is a spring tooth picking device and comprises a supporting plate and an elastic pointing rod fixed on the supporting plate, the fruit picking and cleaning device sequentially comprises a fruit picking auger, a concave grid and a vibrating screen from top to bottom, the fruit picking auger comprises an auger shaft, spiral stirring rods and auger coupling rods, the spiral stirring rods are fixedly connected with the auger shaft through the auger coupling rods, the number of the auger coupling rods is even, and the auger coupling rods are symmetrically and evenly arranged with a midpoint of the auger shaft as the center. The number of the spiral stirring rods is even, and the auger coupling shaft rods at two ends of each group of the spiral stirring rods are symmetrically and evenly arranged with the midpoint of the auger shaft as the center. The backsack peanut picking combine achieves integrity of peanuts to the greatest extent and effectively solves the problem that fruit and seedling separation is not thorough and cleaning is bad.


In many parts of the U.S., population growth combined with continued demand for low-density housing is transforming the structure of peri-urban landscapes. Despite the substantial amount of privately owned land, the important decision-making roles that individual landowners play in shaping patterns of urbanization and landscape change is understudied. We introduce a data-informed simulation model developed to analyse the decision-making processes that determine spatial characteristics of fragmentation in peri-urban areas by combining the utility of a cellular automata urban growth algorithm (CA module), based on the FUTURES model, with an agent-based model (ABM module). The CA module is conceptualized as a 'developer' in the urbanization process and responds to demand for development by selecting candidate development locations based on site suitability factors. The ABM module is composed of landowner agents categorized by typologies of willingness to sell (WTS). Their WTS allows the CA module to convert a location to a new development. We consider landowner typologies that differ in preferences, values and socio-economic characteristics, leading to variation in WTS and subsequently different urban growth patterns. We also include peer influence as an integral component of the landowners' decision-making processes. To test the spatio-temporal behaviour of the simulations, we applied the model for Cabarrus County in North Carolina. The simulation results show specific landscape characteristics that are the result of landowner decisions as prescribed by our model, and others that do not align with our hypotheses. These simulations contribute to further description of processes underlying emergent urban growth patterns in heterogeneous landscapes and mixed ownership characteristics.