The story has been told for a hundred years: how in his early teens Johannes Brahms was forced by his family's poverty to play piano all night in sailors' dives called Animierlokale (roughly, "arousal pubs") on the Hamburg waterfront. There, the story goes, he was molested by the waitress/prostitutes in attendance and from the experience reaped a lifetime of rage, anguish, and misogyny. The boy's pay for a night's work was a miserable "twee Dahler un duhn": two thalers and all you can drink. Sometimes he could only make it home at dawn by staggering from tree to tree.1 The effects on his health were grave, although he recovered to enjoy a lifetime of good health. The effects of the Lokale on his spirit, however, were devastating and indelible. Brahms's biographer Max Kalbeck painted a sentimental picture of the child of thirteen sitting at the piano in those places. As his Ž ngers played mechanically through the repertoire of dances and marches, little Johannes would read from a book of Romantic poetry he placed on the music stand, never looking back at the lurid spectacle going on behind him. Kalbeck wrote: "The picture of the unspoiled, blondhaired, blue-eyed youth playing for the worst kind of company is deeply touching."2 In the life story of a composer who, despite the inevitable struggles, led a life of unprecedented acclaim and prosperity, this picture of a childhood blighted in sleazy dives is one of the few tragic episodes. 1Karl Geiringer, Brahms: His Life and Work (New York, 1981–82), p. 20. Brahms personally related this story to his Hamburg friend Klaus Groth. The Vienna-born and -trained Geiringer was once librarian of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, the hub of Viennese Brahmsians; he fully endorsed the Lokale story. 2Max Kalbeck, Johannes Brahms, 4 vols. (Tutzing, 1976), I, 19–20.


Fluviatile and volcanic Martian channels, first discovered on Mariner 9 pictures, have been reexamined by using Viking orbital photography. The superior discrimination of the Viking photographs, resulting from clearer atmospheric conditions and an improved camera system, has permitted us to map additional channels and to estimate their relative ages, using a technique based on crater counting. Broad channels like the Ares and Tiu/Simud Valles are situated along the margin of the southern highlands near Chryse Planitia, the landing site of Viking 1. They originate in areas of collapsed terrain that may have been formed when subsurface water-ice (permafrost) was melted by geothermal heat from deep-seated volcanic centers. When permafrost melting reached an abrupt topographic slope, the interstitially stored meltwater 'lakes' were breached suddenly, releasing the great floods that modified the channels. The volume of material involved in the collapsed terrain is large enough to furnish the water calculated to have filled the broad channels. Conditions are reviewed for persistence of liquid water on Mars under present and more favorable pressures and temperatures. Sinuous channels of intermediate size, like the Ma'adim and Hrad Valles and other shorter, stubby channels, have multiple tributaries; in the limited coverage available, they appear to result from 'spring sapping,' with the underground permafrost meltwater emerging in box canyons at their heads. The widespread distribution of this type of channel makes their origin by local geothermal heating less likely; climatic warming may be required to explain their formation. The final fluviatile type, dendritic channel networks, has the widest areal distribution and appears to have been formed during at least two episodes. The filamentous channels in their source areas (often the rims of craters) seem to resemble terrestrial river systems; rainfall would seem to be required to form these features. All these channel types debouch onto lowland plains or crater floors, where they disappear in short distances; these abrupt terminations may have resulted from percolation and/or evaporation. Simple and complex lava channels are common; they originate at volcanic centers and are usually morphologically distinct from the aqueous channels. Three types of lava channels are recognized. The wide variation in crater densities implies varying channel ages. Water must have flowed on the Martian surface at many different times in the past, although this would be possible only with great difficulty under the present Martian thermal conditions. Based on a crater flux curve derived by Soderblom et al. (1974) the fluviatile channel ages vary from 3.5 to 0.5 Gy. Lava channel ages range from 3.5 Gy to an age too young to date by the crater counting technique (perhaps 200 m.y.). Methods for dating the channels and volcanic episodes are still insufficiently developed to determine whether episodes of volcanic heating and climatic change are coincident. It is possible that the large floods and volcanic eruptions might trigger a short 'interglacial' interval. Alternatively, the floods may be related to episodic volcanic activity, and the dendritic channels to rainfall that was associated with independent interglacial climatic episodes resulting from variations in solar output or other causes.


An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a list of instructions describing a computation for calculating a result. Algorithms have to be written in human readable form, either using pseudocode (natural language looking like executable code), a high level specification language like Dijkstra's Guarded Command Language, or an executable formal specification formalism such as Z. We will give an easy purely functional implementation of the Guarded Command Language, and demonstrate how this can be used for specifying (executable) algorithms, and for automated testing of Hoare correctness statements about these algorithms. The small extension of Haskell that we will present and discuss can be viewed as a domain specific language for algorithm specification and testing. Inspiration for this was the recent talk by Leslie Lamport on the executable algorithm specification language PlusCal [5], and Edsger W. Dijkstra, "EWD472: Guarded commands, nondeterminacy and formal derivation of programs." [3] Instead of formal program derivation, we demonstrate test automation of Hoare style assertions. Overview We show how to write imperative algorithms in a purely functional style. No monads needed. Our method yields executable algorithm specifications together with executable tests, so the specifications can be easily tested and debugged. We will first explain algorithm specification and Hoare assertion over algorithm execution, by explaining how the algorithm construction operators are defined. Next, we illustrate by means of several example algorithms: squaring a natural number in terms of addition, Euclid's gcd algorithm and the extended gcd algorithm, and Prim's algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree of a connected undirected weighted graph. Module Declaration Import modules for sets and lists, for turning properties into tests, and for injection of randomness into the function space.


The transition towards a sustainable economy has given a new term "green competences". Green competences build upon the foundation of core competences - including literacy, numeracy, communication, teamwork and problem solving - which along with awareness of environmental issues and entrepreneurship, facilitate lifelong learning and adaptability to environmental change (Marsden, Medhurst Irving, 2014) [1]. Organizing experiential learning activities is not new to the learning environment in higher education institutions in the world. However, it would be a new approach to some cultures, like Vietnam where most of students are not familiar with studying in proactive and experiential ways. Experiential learning activities provide students with opportunities to self - construct their competences from experience for sustainable development. So, this article describes a brief theoretical approach to core competence and experiential learning activities (Project-Based Learning, Learning Games) for developing core competencies (problem solving, teamwork) of technical students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE). In addition, qualitative (observation and interview) and quantitative methods were used to describe a progression of improving core competences of technical students. Finally, minor suggestions for teachers to develop core competences of technical students through organizing experiential learning activities by carefully considering a consistency of learning outcomes, teaching-learning activities and assessment according to the CDIO approach (Conceive, Design, Implement and Operation) were given.


The efficacy of leaf powder of Alchornea cordifolia against the maize storage pest, Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize was investigated in the Integrated Science Education Department laboratory of the University of Education, Winneba, Central Region, Ghana, at a temperature of 30±2̊C and 75±5% relative humidity. A. cordifolia leaf powders were added to 20.0 g of grains at the following rates of 3.0g, 4.0g, and 5.0g to assess contact toxicity, damage assessment, progeny production, repellency and seed germination ability. Results showed that the plant material was toxic to the insect (P<0.05). The leaf powder of A. cordifolia applied at 5.0g concentration greatly caused the highest mortality of 93% after 21 days. It also repelled almost 90% of the maize weevils and significantly inhibited adult emergence up to about 97%. The 5.0g concentration of the leaf powder further offered a protection of nearly 98% to the maize seeds against damage by the weevils compared to other concentrations (P<0.05). The leaf powders at all the concentrations also had no effect on germination. The result revealed that A. cordifolia powder can be used as an entomotoxicant against S. zeamais and its incorporation into traditional storage pest management and integrated pest management is strongly recommended in developing countries.


A theoretical investigation has been conducted for the prediction of the critical height at the onset of gas entrainment during single discharge from a stratified, two-phase region through a side branch with a finite diameter. Two different models have been developed, a simplified point-sink model and a three-dimensional finite-branch model. The two models are based on a new criterion for the onset of gas entrainment


Introduction: Sowing the Seeds of Hedge Fund Discovery PART I: DEMYSTIFYING THE FUNDAMENTALS PART II: DEMYSTIFYING THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEDGE FUNDS PART III: DEMYSTIFYING HEDGE FUND INVESTING PART IV: DEMYSTIFYING SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Appendix A: Hedge Fund Resources Appendix B: A Hedge Fund Investor's "Bill of Rights" Appendix C: Top 50 Largest Global Hedge Fund Managers Conclusion Answer Key Index


This paper investigates whether shadow interest rates contain predictive power for U.S. inflation in a data-rich environment. We find that shadow rates are useful leading indicators of inflation. Shadow rates contain substantial in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power for inflation in both the zero lower bound (ZLB) and non-ZLB periods. We find that the shadow rate suggested by Wu and Xia (2016) contains more information about future inflation than the shadow rate suggested by Krippner (2015b).


The TE-TM mode conversion efficiency when a Gaussian beam wave propagates in thin-film optical waveguides is discussed. For film thicknesses at which strong coupling between the TE and TM modes is obtained, two hybrid modes have oppositely rotating circular polarizations, or linear polarizations perpendicular to each other with equal magnitude of TE-wave and TM-wave components. In the former (i.e. circular polarization), complete TE-TM mode conversion is impossible. In the latter (i.e. linear polarization) complete TE-TM mode conversion is available. These claims are based on the fact that the direction of power flow of the hybrid modes depends on the polarization. >


Abstract The early-time responses of overhead lines to an exponentially decaying electromagnetic transient are considered. The early-time current, voltage, and radial electric field induced in a wire is investigated. A. transient electromagnetic plane wave produces the driving electromagnetic force for the wire. The wire is assumed to be infinitely long and perfectly conducting. The wire is situated above a finitely conducting plane earth. The plane wave is assumed to have its magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the wire. The time history of the plane wave is described by a 5O kV/m decaying exponential pulse. It Is found that peak currents of over 5 kA and associated voltage crests of several megavolts occur for small incident wave angles. These values are comparable to small lightning strikes to power transmission line structures. The rates-of-rise of the induced currents are greater than 100 kA per microsecond which exceeds the maximum rate-of-rise of nearly all lightning negative first strokes.


The software design process is discussed from an engineering point of view. Initially, a distinction is made between software design and program design. Software design is then described in terms of evolving a system architecture independently of implementation considerations. Computation structures are introduced as a means of modeling the dynamic behavior of a software architecture. Functional completeness, quality, machine independence, and performance completeness of a design are then used as criteria for engineering design decisions. Finally, the basic elements of a system to support the software design process are described.


Osteopenia is an important feature of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). However, little is known about the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in PHP after surgery. The aim was to investigate the mechanisms of increased BMD after parathyroidectomy in patients with PHP.


Abstract It has been shown that passing of air through molten metal can have a great contribution to the formation of oxide defects in casting of aluminium alloys. In gravity casting of these alloys, the design of gating system has a considerable effect on the formation of air bubbles and their behaviour afterwards. This paper is aimed to study the effect of pouring basin and sprue design on the quantity of air bubbles entering the mould cavity. In order to do this, water modelling of pouring into several gating systems varying in pouring basin and sprue design was conducted, and quantified results were used to compare the designs in terms of the ability to prevent bubble formation and entrainment. It was concluded that the offset basin with a 1 in. high barrier in bottom is the most efficient design in preventing bubble entrainment.


Preliminary results on the spin dependence of exclusive ρ0 muoproduction at COMPASS are discussed. The Q2 dependence of several spin density matrix elements and of R = σL/σT is presented. The data are consistent with a substantial increase of R with Q2 and a weak violation of SCHC. Next, the longitudinal double‐spin asymmetry A1ρ for ρ0 production on polarized deuterons is shown as a function of Q2 and xBj. The asymmetry is compatible with zero in the whole kinematical range. Finally, we discuss the prospects for measuring DVCS and exclusive meson production at COMPASS in order to investigate GPDs.


The article is dedicated to the analysis of the hydrogeological process's formation condition in the Baku city zone and evaluation of the subsoil waters suitability for verdures irrigation. It was determined that a quality of the subsoil waters is suitable for the verdure irrigation in the central, eastern and western parts of the zone, but it is unfit in the northern, north-eastern and south-western parts - local areas of the region. The regionalization of the subsoil waters according to the suitableness degree for irrigation was performed in the Baku city and "A map of the schematic regionalization according to the suitableness degree of the subsoil waters the verdures irrigation in the Baku city" was compiled.


OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical observation of ziprasidone combined with small-doses of clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. METHODS: 120 patients with refractory schizophrenia were randomly assigned into 2 groups with each group of 60 cases. Treatment group received ziprasidone and low-dose clozapine while control group received clozapine only for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy and symptoms were evaluated by positive and negative symptoms rating scale (PANSS) and Symptom Scale (TESS) before treatment and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of treatment, the T, P, N, G factor scores of PANSS of both groups were significantly different compared with before treatment (P0.05 or P0.01); After 4 weeks of treatment, there was significant difference in T and G factor scores between 2 groups (P0.05); After 8 weeks of treatment, there was significant difference in T, P, N, G factor scores between 2 groups (P0.01); treatment group was better than control group, After 12 weeks, the total effectiveness between 2 groups was significantly different (P0.05), and fewer adverse drug reaction was observed in treatment group, compared with control group(P0.05). CONCLUSION: Ziprasidone combined with small-dose of clozapine is effective and safe for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia.


Direct impact loading experiments on human volunteer's head were conducted at low impact force levels in frontal collisions simulating impact pattern of airbag deployments, for quantitative analysis on segmental motions of intervertebral disc and facet joints during impact. Under forehead rearward impact, the head extension relative to the torso was reduced by neck muscle tension. However, the local motion of C5 relative to C6 that was large under the relaxed condition of neck muscles was not reduced. Further, the compressive strains of rear edge of the C5/C6 intervertebral disc and the CS/C6 facet joint were increased. Under chin rearward impact, the head flexion relative to the torso and C7 during neck S-shape curve was reduced by neck muscle tension. The flexion of C1-C3 relative to each lower vertebra, which was large under the relaxed neck muscles condition, were reduced too. However, the inflection point of cervical spine S-shape curve between C3 and C4 occurred when the relative flexion between C3 and C4 was reduced to less than that of C I and C2. Moreover, there was no reduction effect on the tensile strain of rear edge of the C3/C4 facet joint. The kinematics of the head and neck were reduced by neck muscle tension during low-severity impact. On the contrary, the influence of neck muscle tension on the intervertebral motion was negligible. The study indicated that such local motion could not be sufficiently evaluated by existing neck injury criteria that are calculated from the kinematics of the head and neck. Thus, it is imperative to clarify the mechanism of minor neck injuries based on intervertebral motion for the investigation of minor neck injury criteria. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141807.


Field experiences proved that measured value of Cl~-content was often smaller than actual value when conventional petroleum industry standard used about Cl~-content.For example,average fractional error between measured and actual content could be 4.5%-5.3% when Cl~-content was high.Writer conducted sequential experimental verification on all steps related to Cl~-content testing procedure and found the error originated from the step of filtrate decolorization.Based on this,the modifications of "filtrate decolorization" and "filtration of test solution" in standard of procedure "ZB/TE 13 004—9" were developed. Test results indicated that the error above mentioned could be eliminated effectively when the modification was used.


come. The results demonstrate convincingly the predictive superiority of the duration of PTA over the duration of coma. Other factors investigated will be presented in a separate report. Subjects for the study were selected from patients with blunt head injury referred for neuropsychological assessment in 1985. Selection was dependent upon the patients having been measured daily on the GCS and Westmead PTA Scale, until the respective criteria (a score ofgreater than 8 on the GCS and 3 successive days of a score of 12 on the Westmead PTA Scale) were met, to indicate the emergence from coma and PTA. Two years after the date of their injury, 22 who met these criteria were available for follow-


The Merchant of Venice is a famous play of William Shakespeare, and the character Shylock is the most vivid and controversial character in this play. Traditionally, Shylock is criticized as a cruel, greedy and stubborn villain. However, in recent years, different viewpoints about Shylock begin to appear, which considered Shylock as a social victim and a loyal Jewish. In order to defend for Shylock, this thesis offers a detailed research on Shylock from the following three aspects: history background, the text and the author. All the three factors are important to get a proper understanding of a literary work. Therefore, the basic structure of this thesis is as follows. The first part is an introduction. It mainly introduces the theme of the thesis, the author and the general plot of The Merchant of Venice and the theory evidence of the defense. Chapter 1 is about the social and historical background of Shylock's time, and after presenting it, we may conclude that Shylock is a victim of social oppression and discrimination. Chapter 2 is the analysis of Shylock in the text. By examining some dialogues and scenes, we may find several positive points hiding in Shylock's inside, which may arouse the reader's sympathy and understanding. Chapter 3 explores the relationship between Shylock and Shakespeare. By comparison, we may see the similarities between the author and the character that he creates. In a certain sense, Shylock is Shakespeare. Through the analysis from the above three aspects, Shylock is proved to be a social victim, a Jewish national hero and Shakespeare's alter ego.


Remote Laboratory Access in education has become a focus of Universities and other educators. This work addresses issues of implementing a scalable remote-laboratory access system. The main requirements which are considered include: to developed generic solutions allowing access to many different hosts via a common interface, straightforward student use, fast experiment setup and minimal configuration requirements. The particular focus of this paper is the networking aspect of remote laboratory access. A general discussion of alternatives is followed by specific implementation details of a prototype system. The core component of this system is the Remote Access Gateway which authenticates users and establishes end-to-end connections between students and experiments.


PROSPECTING IN SHACKLETON CRATER? R. C. Elphic, D. J. Lawrence, Vincent R. Eke, Luis F. A. Teodoro, G. Jeffrey Taylor, D. B. J. Bussey, Space Science and Applications Group, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA (email@example.com). Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK, Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics & Planetology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822 USA, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.


The rapid development and wide application of computer offers both great challenges and opportunities for English teaching. As a communicational media, Internet is becoming more and more important in English teaching. This thesis discusses how to make use of this kind of instrument for English teaching.


Background: A two-compound product containing calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate (Daivobet®/Dovobet®) has been evaluated in a large clinical trial programme, providing a wealth of data on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the two-compound product in patients with mild, moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: Data from over 1,534 patients with psoriasis vulgaris who received the two-compound product once daily for at least 4 weeks in four randomised, double-blind studies were pooled. A meta-analysis of the pooled data is presented. Severity of psoriasis at baseline was determined by investigator assessment and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Results: For patients with severe disease defined by PASI score (PASI baseline ≧17), the mean reduction in PASI after up to 4 weeks of treatment was 71.6% compared with 68.9 and 67.2% for those with moderate (PASI baseline 5.1–16.0) and mild disease (PASI baseline ≤5). Corresponding reductions for investigator-assessed severity were 72.6, 69.1 and 68.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the meta-analysis of the data from these four studies was performed post hoc, we may conclude that the two-compound product provided highly effective treatment of psoriasis, regardless of the category of baseline disease severity.


Due to population explosion, especially in India and China as population is increasing simultaneously number of vehicles on road also increasing. Therefore congestion is the main problem nowadays, during parking the vehicles finding available parking slots is tedious job it is better to identify the available parking slot before living the current location. By identifying and reserving the parking slot in destination place or nearby it is the good job. This study is aimed at analyzing available parking slots. This system allocates available parking space to a needed driver to park their vehicles. Renews the availability of the parking space when vehicles leaves and computes the charges, due to implementing this system will increase parking utilization. The system does this by providing more efficient and effective parking enforcement. In this system keypad, cloud, sensors, motors are used. Sensors are used to detect space is available or occupied, Cloud is used to store data of parking details, keypad is provided for the manual entry of OTP number by users. With sensors, LED Lights like Red, Green and Yellow etc are used to slot status.


Chapter 1: Studying Literature Part 1: Reading Chapter 2: Reading a Poem Chapter 3: Reading a Novel Chapter 4: Reading a Short Story Chapter 5: Reading a Play Part 2: Thinking Chapter 6: Thinking about Literature Chapter 7: Thinking Critically Part 3: Writing Chapter 8: Writing an Essay Chapter 9: Creative Writing Chapter 10: Writing Short Fiction Appendix: The Wordbook Glossary Bibliography


People dependent on opioids have been reported to have poor physical and mental health, increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus, disturbed family relationship, chronic unemployment, and criminal behaviors.1 Methadone have been used in USA for treatment of opioid dependence since the mid-1960s,2 Since then its use has been expanded to include other countries like Germany in 1987, Netherlands in 1990, China in 2004, Malaysia in 2005, Indonesia in 2003 and Vietnam in 2009.3–8 However no medication assisted treatment in Africa up to 2011 where Tanzania became the first and the only country in sub-Saharan Africa to launch this treatment. Before this time methadone was considered to be the medicine for the first world only, possibly because the link between heroin and HIV in Africa have emerged only recently.9 In Dar es salaam there are an estimated 50,000 injecting drug users and about 42% of them are living with HIV/AIDS.9 Prior to methadone pilot program in Tanzania, people with heroin dependence presenting to the clinics for care and treatment had faced a lot of difficulties since there was no formal treatment modalities established. The mainstay treatment modalities by then were symptomatic treatment and counseling approaches to no treatment at all.


A four year trial of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was conducted on Ortho Red Yellow Podzolic Soils at two localities (Mococa and Monte Alegre do Sul) in the hilly region of the State of Sao Paulo. The cultivars tested were: Carioca, Bico-de-Ouro, Rosinha G-2, Preto G-1, Pintado, Rico-23, and Chumbinho-Opaco. In Mococa the cultivar Carioca yielded significantly more than others, whereas at Monte Alegre do Sul it showed the same production as Rico-23 and Pintado. On the average of the eight experiments at both localities Carioca yielded more than the other cultivars and can be recomended for planting in this region.


The estimation and option of landing area plays an important role in landing decision.This paper presents a visualization method for landing area based on multi-features integration.Influence of different features including submarine slope,submarine characteristics,flow and wave on landing is considered,and they are analyzed quantificationally and represented visually.Finally,the influence of features is integrated and analyzed,and then they are represented visually in the land areas.Experimental result shows that the proposed method can represent landing feasibility of areas.


Resources play a vital role in the development of an entrepreneurial ventures. For social enterprises operating under resource constraints, process of effective resource management can be very critical for achieving their social mission. However, there have been very limited research on understanding how social enterprises manage their resources in resource constrained environments. We propose to study the resource management process of social enterprises by systematically applying theoretical insights from Resource Based View, specifically adopting a resource management model developed for commercial enterprises. Based on the resource management model, we propose a set of research questions that can be studied using case based qualitative research methodology.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X ?? May 2010 192 ?? 1-2 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 1899 www.mja.com.au Viewpoint pillory the delay, but with such a complex system an stake, caution is admirable. The real questions are solution offered on 3 March 2010 for public hospita and hat proble s will it solve? Further debat needed. The NHHRC report had worthy features and in fundamental flaws as a basis for reform. Public hosp It is the long term that matters — not a quick fix


T HIS research study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with black cumin, garlic, and licorice. On the productive indicators of 600 white quail chicks in Egypt. The experiment was conducted on a private farm from The first of February 2023, for 34 days. The quail chicks were divided into eight groups, with each group consisting of an average of 75 chicks. Within each group, three replicates were created, comprising 25 quail chicks each. All groups were subjected to identical housing and care conditions throughout the 34-day study period. The control group received the standard farm system diet without any supplements, serving as the baseline group. The remaining seven experimental groups received the basal diet supplemented with different combinations of black cumin, garlic, and licorice in powder form. The supplementation levels were 0.5% for each ingredient individually and in various combinations. The Results Shown: In the study, the eighth group, which received all forage additives (black seed, garlic, and licorice), exhibited a significant (P<0.05) superior - ity in live weight, leg and breast indicating improved digestion and enhanced bird immunity. Experimental groups showed higher average liver weight, indicating potential benefits for im - munity. while the groups using black seed showed weight gain. Significant differences were found in leg and breast weight, although not reaching significance levels. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced in all experimental groups. Moreover, total protein and albumin levels were significantly increased by licorice and garlic, and total cholesterol levels, especially LDL cholesterol, decreased significantly in the eighth group.


Introduction of high end technologies used by most of the leading software companies needs a keen focus to be kept on Daas (Data Mining as a Service). The data owner transforms data to protect corporate privacy and ships it to the server, server receives mining queries and true patterns are recovered from the extracted patterns which are received from the server. A study is done on the problem of outsourcing the association rule mining task within a corporate privacy-preserving framework. An attack model based on background knowledge and scheme is devised for privacy preserving outsourced mining. The scheme introduced ensures that from at least k-1 other transformed items each transformed item is indistinguishable with respect to the attacker's background knowledge. Results show that the techniques used provide scalability, effectiveness and privacy protection. INTRODUCTION Communications to all levels of business, social-network transactions and communications are improving. A single entity must process number of transactions that becomes quite prohibitive for a single computer terminal. As such, the offloading and outsourcing of data mining tasks to specialized terminal servers becomes necessary. N.Nikhil Krishna et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.10, October2014, pg. 791-798 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 792 Association rules or Frequent Item-set mining are the most commonly used mining methods to maintain large datasets. At this offloaded servers, various techniques such as DES algorithm and the building of Frequent Pattern trees etc. The owner get backs the results of all mined rules and their corresponding support values as mined results. In this process, because the appropriate terminals are semi-honest in nature, this makes a privacy and security leakage which is problem to the data owner. The 3rd party server knows the support values of each item-set and data set in every transaction. Although data encryption is applied, the process is affected to frequency attacks, and leads to a loss of data. The server makes changes to deduct the semantic meanings of each encrypted item-set and data set. The owner generally encrypts or performs a transformation on the item-sets or data set from a transactional process, and decrypts all the results of frequent items in the post process The general architecture is as in Figure 1 below: Figure 1: General Architecture of Outsourced 3rd Party Association Rules Mining. For example, in the mining of data involving faculty members at a university, if an attacker knows the proportions of male or female professors, or technical and nontechnical professors, he/she is then able to make deductions on the references and meaning of the data in the mined item-sets and data sets. Clearly, privacy and security systems are required to be in place in such outsourcing activities. This paper attempts to contribute basic body of knowledge by making a case for the distribution of outsourced association rules mining. N.Nikhil Krishna et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.10, October2014, pg. 791-798 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 793 RELATED WORK Privacy preserving data mining is important in data mining research. The main reasons are needs of private data, improved technology, allowing ease of storage, transfer, access, manipulation of distributed data. To save it from attacks and unauthorized access to get the knowledge many different techniques have been used by researchers. The attacker may have information related to the dataset. The important difference between our scenario and other scenarios is that, the results as well as sensitive attributes are not intended to be open to others. There are many techniques that are prevalent for privacy preserving data mining. The literature gives a gist of the methods that could be used for privacy preserving data mining and extensive work has been done out of that major emphasis is only on anonymization perturbation and many others. Y-H Wu et al. proposed method to reduce the side effects in sanitized database. They present a novel approach that strategically modifies a few transactions in the transaction database to decrease the supports or confidences of sensitive rules without producing the side effects. Issue: The most important issue is of maintaining privacy of not only the individual but also important association rules that a corporate or a company has through his transaction data base or warehouse which can help them to transform their business and help in maintaining competitive edge on their competitors. Space Complexity: The space complexity is high because of following reasons: They are using fake transactions that are increasing the data base size which is not useful as the data set is stored in server and needs to be used through internet. Maintaining table which stores data about the perturbation done on both the sides (from where the dataset is uploaded and where the data set is downloaded). Time Complexity: Time complexity is also high ASSOCIATION RULE The support is a measure of the frequency of a rule and the confidence is a measure of the strength of the relation between set based and item based. Support function "s" of an association rule is defined as the percentage/fraction of records that contain (A ∪ B) to the total number of records in the database. Apriori is a breadth-first, level-wise algorithm is used to implement the association rule. This algorithm have a main steps follow : Exploits monotonicity as much as possible, Search Space is pass across bottom-up, level by level, Support of an item set is only counted in the database if all its subsets were frequent. N.Nikhil Krishna et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.10, October2014, pg. 791-798 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 794 Apriori algorithm approach is A rule X=>Y satisfies min sup an sup (X∩Y) / sup(X) >= minconf. Hence, first find all item set I so that. sup (I) >= min sup. Then for every frequent I: Split I in all possible ways X∩Y and Test if sup (X∩Y) / sup(X) >= min conf. Data mining, association rules. In privacy preserving are useful for analyzing and predicting customer behavior and pattern of purchase. They play an important part in market analysis, data of basket shopping, product clustering, classification, and catalog design and store layout. Similarly in this work Association rules are generated from the preprocessed dataset. These rules are generated by the Aprior Algorithm. Now, those rules whose support value is above the minimum support value are to be hidden. Here for hiding these rules, manipulation is done in transaction where other item is inserted into the transaction. SUB SYSTEMS: 1. The Pattern Mining Task 2. Privacy Model 3. Attack Model i. Item-based attack ii. Set –based attack 4. Encryption/Decryption Scheme THE PATTERN MINING TASK The reader is assumed to be familiar with the basics of association rule mining. We let I = i1... in be the set of items and D = t1... tm a transaction database (TDB) of transactions, each of which is a set of items. We denote the support of an item set S ⊆ I as supp D(S) and the frequency by freq D(S). Recall, freq D(S) =supp D(S)/|D|. For each item i, supp D (I) and freq D (I) denote respectively the individual support and frequency of I. The function supp D (.), focused over items, is also called the item support table. The popular frequent pattern mining problem: given a TDB D and a support threshold σ, search all item sets whose support in D is at least σ. In this paper, we limit ourselves to the study of a (corporate) privacy preserving outsourcing framework for frequent pattern mining. N.Nikhil Krishna et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.10, October2014, pg. 791-798 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 795 PRIVACY MODEL We let D denote the original TDB that the owner has to protect the identity of individual items, the owner put in an encryption function to D and transforms it to D∗, the encrypted database. We refer to items in D as plain items and items in D∗ as cipher items. The idiom item shall mean plain item by default. The idea of plain item sets, bare transactions, bare patterns, and their cipher counterparts are well defined in the understandable way. We use I to denote the set of plain items and E to refer to the set of cipher items. ATTACK MODEL The server or an intruder who gains access to it may possess some background knowledge using which they can on the encrypted database D∗. We generically refer to of this agent as a attacker. We adopt a conservative model and assume that the attacker knows exactly the set of (plain) items I in the original transaction database D and their true supports. We assume the service provider (who can be an attacker) is semi-honest in the sense that although he does not know the details of our encryption algorithm, he can be exited and thus can use his skills and knowledge to make inferences on the encrypted transactions. We also predict that the attacker always returns (encrypted) item sets together with their exact support. The data owner (i.e., the corporate) considers the true identity of: (1) Every cipher item, (2) Every cipher transaction, and (3) Every cipher frequent pattern as the intellectual property which should be protected. We consider the following attack model: • Item-based attack: The semi honest service provider can attack the owners data depend upon the single item identity. • Set-based attack: The service provider attacks the owners data depend upon the many item identities. By this method the attacker can easily attacks the data correctly but they can't use that data because that data's are in cipher text form. Data owners are using the separate E/D Module. N.Nikhil Krishna et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,


Without considering the fraction and when the flow area doesn't change,according to the particularityof momentum equation of swirl flow in the mathematics and physics model,a new separation variables methodwith transform addition is suggested.The new analytic solution of algebraic explicit formulation is obtained.Itis found that this new solution contains has infinite solutions.A new algorithm for one order linear homogeneouspartial differential equation is proposed.Theoretical analysis proves that solutions obtained by this method meetequations of this kind.


This article introduces a data collecting technique that uses floating-vehicles to detect fixed marks along a street, so as to determine traffic parameters. The technique can be used in Advanced Transport Management Systems (ATMS) to collect traffic flow data. This paper discusses the sample size, a critical issue in using the floating-vehicle detection technique while considering the data quality, cost and other factors, and presents general principles and methods for determining and optimally designing the smallest sample size. Micro-simulation software was used to simulate different sample-sizes, and thus to determine the smallest sample size of floating-vehicle detectors that meets the need of ATMS.


FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 582839 12/1977 U.S.S.R. .............................. 209/166 650656 3/1979 U.S.S.R. ... ... 209/166 657855 4/1979 U.S.S.R. .............................. 209/166 Primary Examiner-Bernard Nozick Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Richard A. Kaba 57 ABSTRACT A froth flotation process for the beneficiation of fine coal is disclosed which employs as a collector a water dispersible polyorganosiloxane or a mixture of water dispersible polyorganosiloxanes which contain organic radicals selected from the group consisting of polyeth ylene oxide and polypropylene oxide radicals. The pro cess of this invention is especially useful for the benefici ation of difficult-to-float fine coals.


Statins given for three years can reduce the risk of coronary disease in older people, according to the results of a major international trial.


This paper presents the exciting use of robotics to teach technologies in an approach that motivates the students through intuitive learning. MSc degree programme students are engaged in strong team-building, while developing and testing new algorithms for mobile robotics and electronics areas. This project endows students with intuitive learning, and experimental results revealed that the integration of skills allows the students to develop applications for real scenarios. In this work it is described an application to control with hand gestures, several differential driven robots.


The number of Swedish students applying to technical education is decreasing, and this fact will lead to a severe shortage of engineers in a just a decade. As an example, the candidates applying to ...


Do you know the importance of knowing the S.C.O.R.E. (Supplier Collaborative Cost Reduction Evaluation) and its impact on the operation of both your organization and that of the supplier? S.C.O.R.E. is a dynamic formal process designed to evaluate the application of the suppliers' products and services in manufacturing while simultaneously engaging their expertise in identifying and addressing opportunities for improvement. Through the workshop, you will be introduced to S.C.O.R.E., the design objectives underlying it, its applications, and its proven results. The use and impact of this process is demonstrated through examples and proven results. S.C.O.R.E. background. S.C.O.R.E. is the result of a major thinking that took place in the supply chain group at Masco that begin in 2002. Prior to the launch of S.C.O.R.E., Masco, like most other firms, viewed suppliers primarily as a source of product, services, and capacity. Suppliers were treated as if they were interchangeable. The emphasis was on cost and quality. There were Kaizen and Value Engineering supplier improvement programs in place; however, we did not have a formal supplier process in place to engage the other critical capabilities offered by suppliers – their expertise. However, beginning around 2001, Masco's purchasing management became aware that a different approach was needed. This approach had to achieve certain desired outcomes. First, it had to be a formal process. Second, it had to be measurable in objective, quantitative terms that were meaningful to the participants, affected performance of both the product and the manufacturing processes using these products, and it had to relate directly to and be supportive of Masco's strategic objectives. Third, it had to be dynamic in its application. That is, while the process had to specify and set the outcomes, this process had to be sufficiently flexible as to allow the participants to change its application to fit the evolving needs of both the supplier and the user. Finally, it had to be simple – simple to understand, simple to apply, simple to teach, simple to measure, simple to implement. In focusing on developing a process that met these objectives, the result was S.C.O.R.E. What is S.C.O.R.E.? In today's increasingly turbulent environment, firms need a dynamic process like S.C.O.R.E. – a process that can help identify the critical strategic suppliers, engage them meaningfully through all stages of the product life cycle, and that can improve the applications of their products in our manufacturing (important issues have been emphasized). S.C.O.R.E. builds on the database information provided by the Supplier Relationship Management (this system was recognized for leadership and innovation in the technology category by ISM and it was awarded the R. Gene Richter Award in 2008). S.C.O.R.E. is a process for evaluating the application of a commodity, product or service in the manufacturing process. S.C.O.R.E. is strategic rather than tactical in that it seeks to help the firm to differentiate itself in the marketplace by continuously delivering better value to its customers. These improvements take place through one or more of the following options (as embodied in S.C.O.R.E.): (1) process elimination; (2) process improvement; (3) reformulation; (4) improved and more effective capacity utilization; (5) standardization; (6) waste elimination/recycling; (7) new product development (8) collaborative engineering; and, (9) pursuing new initiatives and opportunities as they emerge (e.g., green/sustainability in operations and purchasing). The first step in S.C.O.R.E. is to identify and flag the critical strategic suppliers. These suppliers are critical because they provide you with goods and services that are essential to your organization's needs. They are the suppliers on whom you depend for sourcing on an ongoing basis. In most cases, these are few in number (less than 15 percent of the total supply base) but their impact is significant. They are suppliers who can become disruption points. That is, a disruption at these suppliers (e.g., a strike, a fire, the supplier leaving the market, a hurricane) can cause a significant and long-term negative impact on your organization's performance and its ability to serve the customers' needs. The second step in S.C.O.R.E. is to secure the commitment of the various parties to a collaborative effort. This commitment includes both the buying organization and the suppliers. Both have to be willing to work together on an on-going basis, not just when there is a problem. This collaboration is needed if we are to identify, anticipate, and mitigate potential problems. Consequently, S.C.O.R.E. is proactive rather than reactive. Underlying this collaboration is a need for mutual respect, mutual trust, and openness. This latter aspect is critical because S.C.O.R.E. requires bilateral openness. That is, just like we, as buyers, can go into our suppliers' plants to assess and understand the suppliers' processes and capabilities, the supplier is also extended the courtesy to come into our own manufacturing plants. The third step in S.C.O.R.E. is to take a broad based view of opportunities for improvement. While we often focus on cost and cost savings, the goal of the S.C.O.R.E. process is to generate improvements either through reduction in total costs or increases in total revenue. The latter occurs when a supplier helps us identify a better way of using the supplier's inputs – a way that makes the product more attractive to the customer (thus increasing total sales). When evaluating costs and revenue, a total cost perspective must be used. This perspective gets the buyer away from focusing on the acquisition costs alone. Fourth, S.C.O.R.E. requires continuous evaluation of all areas of operation. This focus, consistent with the preceding perspective on total cost, forces the participants to look at areas such as shipping and receiving, incoming inspection, and disposal. It also forces the partners to look at all stages of the product life cycle (from design to disposal and increasingly from "cradle to cradle"). Finally, S.C.O.R.E. emphasizes the need for documentation of all benefits generated. This means that performance metrics play a critical role in this process. When developing metrics, there is a conscious effort to have SMART metrics – Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, and Time bound. All benefits are quantitatively documented and audited to ensure that there is an agreement between the claimed and actual benefits. This last step is critical in developing and maintaining the resulting credibility of the process, What's involved in a S.C.O.R.E. project? At the heart of the S.C.O.R.E. process is the S.C.O.R.E. project, the vehicle by which the objectives and goals of this process are achieved. The S.C.O.R.E. project is itself the result of a structured process that has been developed at Masco. The first step in this process is the identification of the appropriate supplier partner. This presentation has previously discussed what is meant by a strategic supplier and what traits we look for in such suppliers. However, what has not been discussed is the process by which a specific partner supplier is selected. To select these suppliers, a cross-functional team representing buyers, manufacturing and marketing is organized. Included in this team are not only management personnel but also operating personnel who will be working side-by-side with the supplier's technical plant personnel. The organization of this team is critical because it is the team that will work on the S.C.O.R.E. projects and ultimately deliver the results critical to the success of the S.C.O.R.E. process. The team members should embody certain critical skills and capabilities. They must be creative and they must be empowered to apply creativity. They must also be capable of working together as part of a team. Once the team has identified the potential supplier partner, the third step is for the buyer to contact the selected supplier, explain the program, secure commitment to the collaborative effort and schedule a brainstorming meeting. This meeting should include the organization's cross-functional team participants and participants from the suppliers cross-functional team that will be working together. This meeting will be the open forum for discussing and selecting targets for process improvement, developing goals, metrics and identifying expected financial impact. It is important to determine baseline metrics and how you will know when you have succeeded. The team should not be shortsighted to focus on only the greatest internal financial impact, but consider evaluating all areas of the operation and the ultimate impact, delivering better value to the customer. Part of the forum discussion should be addressing cost avoidance and/or savings generated from the S.C.O.R.E. projects. There are several options to jointly setting and agreeing on an annual cost avoidance and/or savings. One option that was initiated in the "Pilot" was agreement on a target of cost improvement based on annual purchases from the supplier (e.g. 1% of purchases, etc). It was agreed that if the savings were not met the supplier would be responsible for the shortfall in the terms of a payment to the organization. The "Pilot" success in terms of financial impact far exceeded the goals and continued to do so year after year. As the program has evolved to include multiple strategic suppliers, it is both interesting and gratifying to note that the financial goals that were set have always been exceeded by the actual improvements generated. However, the potential for shortfalls had to be recognized. From the outset of the process, the buying organization was not held responsible for paying the shortfalls; that obligation was assumed by the supplier. This tact towards shortfalls brought with it two major implications. Fi


Gas phase ion-molecular reactions of endohedral metallofullerenes with the self-chemical ionization ion system of vinyl acetate, benzene and acetone in the ion source of the mass spectrometer have been studied. Several derivatized endohedral metallofullerene cations [M@C-82-C2H3O](+), [M-2@C-80-C2H3O](+), [M@C-82-C6H6](+) and [M@C-82-CO-CH3](+) are observed as the major products. The experimental results indicate that endohedral metallofullerenes have active gas phase reactivities and can be efficiently derivatized by some small organic cations.


The invention discloses a sending method of an updating content based on dynamic content distribution, comprising the following steps: a dynamic content distribution server receives the updating content released by a content supplying terminal; and the updating content is sent to a content customizing terminal which has a customizing relation with the content supplying terminal according to the customizing relation between the content supplying terminal and the content customizing terminal. The invention also discloses a dynamic content distribution server. By adopting the technical scheme disclosed in the invention, the problem that the process for acquiring the updating content by the content customizing terminal is complex in the prior art is solved.


We previously showed that H2O2 induced delayed but progressive increases in microvessel permeability, a pattern different from agonist‐induced immediate and transient permeability increase. This study aims to investigate the cellular mechanism of H2O2‐induced permeability increase. We hypothesized that oxidation‐induced apoptosis contributes to H2O2‐induced permeability increase. The temporal and spatial occurrence of apoptosis in H2O2 perfused rat mesenteric venules was examined with fluorescence labeled annexin‐V, a phosphatidylserine‐binding protein, and caspase‐3,7 binding peptide using confocal imaging. No annexin‐V and caspase‐3,7 staining was found in Ringer‐albumin perfused vessels. Apoptosis did not occur in vessels perfused with 100 μM H2O2 until after 60 min of perfusion, in which apoptosis occurred only in pericytes, not endothelial cells (ECs). Apoptosis occurred in both ECs and pericytes after perfusion of 500 μM H2O2 for 45 min. The application of Ca2+ channel blocker LaCl3 (50 μM) that blocked H2O2‐induced Ca2+ influx significantly reduced H2O2‐induced apoptosis in both ECs and pericytes. These results indicated that Ca2+ influx‐dependent apoptosis of ECs and/or pericytes might be the mechanism for H2O2‐induced increases in microvessel permeability. Pericytes showed higher sensitivity to lower concentration of H2O2 than ECs in apoptosis. Supported by HL56237 and HL084338.


The concentration of chromium present in liquid effluents from tannery industries was reduced from 5000 mg/L (pH 3.6) to lower levels than those established by the Ecuadorian environmental regulations (0.5 mg/L). Conventional primary treatments (chemical precipitation and adsorption by activated charcoal) and rhizofiltration as secondary treatment were used. Chemical precipitation of chromium as hydroxide at pH 8 was performed using different alkalis (precipitating agent) and 90 % of the initial chromium concentration was reduced. Approximately 40 % of the remaining chromium was removed by treating the effluent with activated carbon which reduced the pH to a range of 6–7. Previous to the implementation of the rhizofiltration, the specie with the highest percentage of chromium absorption was selected testing synthetic chromium's solutions and hydroponic cultivated alfalfa, chard, grass and sambo. Finally rhizofiltration with sambo plants was applied to pre-treated tannery effluents (chromium's concentration below 10 mg/L and pH 6.4). To reduce this concentration to values bellow 0.5 mg/L, 20 plants of sambo were used for a 20 d period.


The aim of this article is to represent the general description of an entity by means of its states, contexts and properties. The entity that we want to describe does not necessarily have to be a physical entity, but can also be an entity of a more abstract nature, for example a concept, or a cultural artifact, or the mind of a person, etc..., which means that we aim at very general description. The effect that a context has on the state of the entity plays a fundamental role, which means that our approach is intrinsically contextual. The approach is inspired by the mathematical formalisms that have been developed in axiomatic quantum mechanics, where a specific type of quantum contextuality is modelled. However, because in general states also influence context -- which is not the case in quantum mechanics -- we need a more general setting than the one used there. Our focus on context as a fundamental concept makes it possible to unify `dynamical change' and `change under influence of measurement', which makes our approach also more general and more powerful than the traditional quantum axiomatic approaches. For this reason an experiment (or measurement) is introduced as a specific kind of context. Mathematically we introduce a state context property system as the structure to describe an entity by means of its states, contexts and properties. We also strive from the start to a categorical setting and derive the morphisms between state context property systems from a merological covariance principle. We introduce the category SCOP with as elements the state context property systems and as morphisms the ones that we derived from this merological covariance principle. We introduce property completeness and state completeness and study the operational foundation of the formalism


The pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles will depend on their size, solubility and inherent toxicity. Many combustion-derived particles, such as soot and fly ash, are of a respirable size and, being poorly soluble, are retained for prolonged periods in the lung. The acute toxicity of fly ash from coal combustion was compared to that of a known toxic particle, alpha-quartz, by exposures of rats to 35 mg/m{sup 3} of each type of particle for 7 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 4 wk. The acute pulmonary toxicity was measured by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. One year after the exposures, fibrosis with granulomas was observed in the quartz-exposed rats, while little or no fibrosis developed in the fly-ash-exposed rats. The toxicity of soot from diesel exhaust was determined by chronic (30 mo) exposures of rats, 7 hr/day, 5 days/wk to exhaust containing 0.35, 3.5 or 7.0 mg/m{sup 3} soot. The two higher exposures caused persistent pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis and neoplasmas. Rats exposed to the lowest concentration demonstrated no toxic responses and there was no life shortening caused by any exposure. Ongoing comparative studies indicate that pure carbon black particles cause responses similar to those caused by diesel exhaust, indicating that much ofmore » the toxicity induced by the diesel soot results from the presence of the large lung burdens of carbonaceous particles.« less


The utility model discloses a retractable screen window, which belongs to the building component, in particular to the screen window which can flex. The retractable screen window comprises a window frame and is characterized in that one end of the window frame is fixedly provided with an elastic reel with the inner core being a coil spring, a screen is wound on the reel, the exposed end of the screen is provided with a hanging hook, and the other end of the window frame is provided with a hanging button. The utility model has the advantages that: when in use, the screen can be fixed through unfolding the screen and hanging the hanging hook on the hanging button on the window, and when not in use, the screen can automatically roll along with the elastic reel after the hanging hook is removed. The screen is wound on the reel and can freely extend and retract. Due the small size of the screen after retraction, the utility model can not affect light transmission. Moreover, the utility model has the advantage of convenient and safe use.


This study was carried out to investigate flora and vegetation in cutting slope along a construction age sequence (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) of forest roads in Yongchiri, Younghyunmyon, Sacheonshi, Geyongsangnamdo. Mean slopes of the cutting and banking slopes of forest roads constructed were ranged from 42o to 54o. Soil texture in the cutting and banking sides of forest roads constructed in 2012 was loam, while sandy loam in the cutting and banking slopes of forest roads constructed between 2007 and 2011. Vegetation cover percentage was higher in the banking slopes (66%) than the cutting slopes (49%) of forest roads. Total flora were higher in the banking slopes (50 species) than the cutting slopes (46 species) of forest roads. Species diversity was generally higher in the banking slopes than in the cutting slopes in all forest roads. In addition, the species diversity index was the highest in the cutting slopes (1.4015) of forest roads constructed in 2011, while the highest in the banking slopes (1.5603) of forest roads constructed in 2012. The results indicate that evenness index in the cutting and banking slopes of recent construction roads was high compared with old construction roads because of the distribution of simple plant species.


The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the underlying structure of the Korean urban system and classify urban centers on the basis of relative dimentionality. In addition, and most important of all, this study aims to scale Korean cities according to Berry's schema (1969, 1972). The present study comprises 34 variables such as population, household, housing conditions, age structure, occupational-industrial structure, standard of living and so on (Table 3). Data were collected for 35 cities in Korea with a population of 50 thousand or over. The use of a principal axis factor model revealed that 82 percent of the variation among the cities described by 34 variables can be expressed by 9 factors having an eigenvalue of greater than unity (Fig. 2). The main factors are identified as representative of urban population size, contrasts between rural centers and modern urban centers, housing conditions, age structure, population migration, and contrasts between educational centers and stagnant small trade centers. Factor 1 indicates urban economic base and urban population size concomitantly. It provides a concise statement of economic differentiation between larger urban centers and smaller regional centers having a population of about 50 thousand (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 2 is identified as representative of the contrasts between rural traditional centers (rural urban areas) and larger urban centers having modern elements. The larger urban centers are shown to have higher population increase and greater proportion of the active age-groups. Such phenomena are also closely related to manufacturing activites indicating mordern elements in Korean urban society. The rural traditional centers Korea can be charaterized by high birth rates, high natural increase, high death rates and high proportion of old age group. Traditional characteristics remain in the small centers as they were found in Chile (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 3 is interpreted as housing conditions. It means that the six largest urban centers such as Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangjon Daejon and other manufacturing centers attract workers at the age between fifteen and fifty-nine. As a result, it gives rise to urban problems such as overcrowding, higher housing shortage and high population increase. This is the influence of industrialization, without regard to other industry that creates urban problems in the larger urban centers. In contrast, the small urban centers are characterized by the age group and higher proportion of farm household. This factor corresponds closely with the second factor describing traditionalism of small urban centers (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 4 can be labelled as age structure. It identifies the movement of youth at the age between fifteen and twenty-four and the active age group of between fifteen and fifty-nine from the small urban centers and rural areas to larger urban centers with the advantages of manufacturing, education, commerce and other services. The five largest Korean cities and industrial centers are good examples in this respect. In contrast to this urban centers are those small urban centers showing high infant groups between the age of zero_??_fourteen. Owing to the lack of suitable data, it is difficult to give a clear affirmation. However, a combination of socioeconomic status and age structure is assumed to be the same as shown in Yugoslavia. Accordingly, Factor 4 reveales the traditionalism of the small urban centers nearly identical to the second and third factor (Tables 3 and 4). In factor 5 which indicates migration, larger urban centers, such as Seoul, Busan, Incheon and satellite cities of Seoul are shown to have higher social increase, higher proportion of construction workers, , higher population increase during the period between 1966 and 1971.


A group of Italian researchers claim that the increasing rates of allergic asthma and rhinitis stem from a decline in infections transmitted through the oral-fecal route and the diet of semisterile food eaten in Western countries.

Paolo Matricardi, MD, research director …


In this paper,an iterative learning control method based on Lyapunov-like synthesis is presented for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems running in the limited time interval.The learning control strategy is used for handling those system uncertainties with known bounded functions while it is not dealt with the conventional robust control methods in this method.The discontinuous function is not be used in the controller,so the chattering phenomenon is avoided.Theoretical analysis shows that all variables involved in closed-loop system are bounded in this method and the tracking error is guaranteed to converge to zero over entire time interval.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.


This paper has proposed by the addressed theme to obtain ginger tincture to subdue acute pharyngeal angina, a diagnosis popularly known as the sore throat.The etiology of acute angina is varied. Viruses and bacteria can cause infections that cause redness and stinging pain in the throat. Other causes include irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, alcohol, and allergens, including: poplar fluff, pollen, house dust etc.Throat pain often occurs during a cold, often with typical symptoms that are more or less pronounced. The infection is caused by viruses that attack the body's defence system. Mucus produced by the mucous membranes in the nose and throat is the body's first line of defence. Particles that we inhale, such as dust, pollen, viruses and bacteria are retained by this mucosa. Once a virus gets through this mucosa and enters a cell, it multiplies and thus brings about new viruses that invade surrounding cells. The result of the body's immune response to viral invasion is actually represented by the symptoms of the cold. Alarm signals are sent to specialized white blood cells by the infected cells. They soon arrive at the site of infection and remove a number of chemicals such as kinins. Thus, the symptoms of colds are caused by these substances by increasing mucus production, by cell membrane rupture and loss of fluid from blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels. The cold symptoms include: pain when swallowing; painful scratching or burning sensation in the throat, hoarseness and pain during speech, dryness in the throat and the pharyngeal area, swelling and inflammation of the mucous membranes. For the experiments we used commercially available ginger rhizomes.


The article presents the results of the studies authors developers recommendations on the formation of the state task for the provision of public services and the calculation of prices for paid veterinary services performed by agencies of the State veterinary service of the Russian Federation.


This article presents the main findings of a recent survey of 307 dairy producers and 99 vegetable producers from Western France. Conventional farmers as well as organic farmers who recently switched to organic farming have been surveyed. Our results illustrate the differences between the two groups of farmers in terms of personal characteristics (age, education level, sensitivity to environmental problems) and in terms of characteristics of their farm (size, labor, soil type). Our findings also show that economic factors are the main drivers of conversion to organic farming in the vegetable sector while ideological factors and, above all, technical factors are most important in the dairy sector.


This Sacramento light rail project succeeded chiefly because it was constructed during the city's early period of growth and because the 18-mile system could be built for $170 million. This was possible because of early right-of-way acquisition.


In belt grinding rubber contact wheels are usually used, by which many kinds of works are come to be possible in better grinding. But on the other hand, the use of the rubber contact wheel makes one of causes of decline of form accuracy on ground works. Therefor, in this paper, analysis of the corner slope of the work is tried on the base of the elastic deformation of the contact wheel. And a formula that expresses the relation between the depth of corner slope at the edge and the setting depth of cut is obtained through the analysis, and the depth of corner slope at the edge may be calculated by substituting into the formula the values of grinding condition before the grinding. Then, with the results of the analysis of the depth of cut at the edge of entrance side, the optimum distribution of the depth of cut on each of head of the surface belt grinder with multi-heads was decided. Its results are shown following:(1) The depth of cut should be increased at the first step of the two grinding heads with decreasing the table speed and increasing the hardness of the contact wheel if the grinding conditions are same on each grinding head without the grinding allowance.(2) When more heads than two are used, the ratio of the depth of cut on two heads next to each other should be set the same value as when two heads.


The paper describes the design and optimization of a vibration-to-electric energy harvester based on a magnetic structure consisting of a levitated moving magnet and two fixed magnets. The analysis and design are based on theory, simulation and experiment, being finalized by the construction and testing of an energy harvester final model. The experimental results show that the harvester can generate 5.06 mW at an input acceleration of 0.5g and 19.18 mW at an input acceleration of 1g. The corresponding power densities are 337.3 μW/cm and 1278.6 μW/cm, respectively. The harvester can charge a storage battery of 2.4 V in 25 minutes by means of a diode bridge rectifier.


Deteriorating quality of the air, traffic congestions, and rising accident rates have all resulted from an ever-increasing number of vehicles in Indian cities. As a result of a variety of issues, current public transit systems often fall short or are considered unreliable. The present paper deals with multiple ITS architecture and to be specific four major parts of the ITS. These four major parts are Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), and Emergency Management System (EMS). Thus, the framework and produced models of four key divisions of ITS have been evaluated in order to conduct a comparative study of the many models currently being developed in respective investigations.


Abstract Objective In the present study, we aimed to screen the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activities of Anatolian Vipera ammodytes (Nose-horned Viper) crude venom. Material and methods The cytotoxicity was screened against PC3, HeLa, CaCo-2, U-87MG, MCF-7 and Vero cells by using MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli 0157:H7, Enterococcus faecalis 29212, Enterococcus faecium DSM 13590, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Salmonella typhimirium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6957, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 was assayed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration using the broth dilution method. Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activity was assessed by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results The IC50 value of V. ammodytes venom on cultured cells varied from 1.8 to 7.0 μg/mL after 48 h treatment. Venom showed antimicrobial activity on P. vulgaris, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium and C. albicans (the highest activity). The venom exhibited dose-dependent anti-angiogenic activity on CAM model at 2 and 10 μg/mL doses with scores of 1.1 and 2.0, respectively. Conclusion The results of the present study contributed to the knowledge of the biological activities of Anatolian V. ammodytes venom and showed its potential for further bioactivity guided characterization studies.


PRÉCIS Two studies were conducted to understand perceptual grouping factors that drive user expectations when navigating between discrete display elements via a limited degree-of-freedom cursor control device. A rule set was developed for display format designers to leverage expectations in order to reduce navigation errors, increase usability, and decrease access time. ABSTRACT Objective: Two studies were conducted to develop an understanding of factors that drive user expectations when navigating between discrete elements on a display via a limited degree-of-freedom cursor control device (CCD).


PURPOSE
This study purposed to assess the psychosocial correlates of work-related fatigue among Jordanian emergency department nurses.

DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among Jordanian emergency nurses (n = 220). Measures included Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER15) and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version Two (COPSOQ II).

FINDINGS
The psychosocial factors correlated with all types of work-related fatigue (acute, chronic, and inter-shift [recovery]) were quantitative demands, work-family conflict, sexual harassment, threats of violence, physical violence, and bullying. Importantly, quantitative demands and sexual harassment were the main predictors of all types of work-related fatigue.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
The psychosocial correlated factors should be considered when developing interventions to minimize work-related fatigue phenomenon. This would lead to a more positive working environment which will promote safe nursing care.


Human and/or asset tracking using an attached sensor units helps understand their activities. Most common indoor localization methods for human tracking technologies require expensive infrastructures, deployment and maintenance. To overcome this problem, environmental sounds have been used for infrastructure-free localization. While they achieve room-level classification, they suffer from two problems: low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) condition and non-uniqueness of sound over the coverage area. A microphone localization method was proposed using supervised spectral decomposition and spatial likelihood to solve these problems. The proposed method was evaluated with actual recordings in an experimental room with a size of $12\times 30\ \mathrm{m}$. The results showed that the proposed method with supervised NMF was robust under low-SNR condition compared to a simple feature (mel frequency cepstrum coefficient: MFCC). Additionally, the proposed method could be easily integrated with prior distribution, which is available from other Bayesian localizations. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the spatial likelihood from environmental sounds.


The dynamics of a charged two-dimensional colloidal system in the presence of a one-dimensionally modulated laser field is studied by using Brownian dynamics simulations. The present model consists of interacting point particles in two dimensions, including effects of screened Coulomb force, laser-induced periodic force, Stokes drag force, and thermal noise. For the case of low particle density and the laser potential periodicity commensurate with the mean interparticle distance, computer simulation results find four characteristic phases with three crossover as a function of the laser field strength.


Recent works done in our laboratory showed that the nutritive value of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. leaves is low. High content of condensed tannins in acacia (3 to 7 %) seems to be the causative factor. In this paper, we report preliminary results of a study dealing with the effect of energy (spineless cactus) or nitrogen (urea) supply on intake and digestion by sheep fed acacia-based diets. Four diets were tested according to a 4x4 Latin square design on rumen fistulated sheep (initial liveweight 47 kg). All diets included air-dried acacia leaves ad libitum, 176 g DM barley, 30 g mineral and vitamin supplement (control, D1) and supplemented with 15 g urea (D2), or 300 g DM cactus (D3), or 15 g urea and 300 g DM cactus (D4). Each experimental period lasted 25 days (15 days for adaptation and 10 0 days for measurements). Diet digestibility was measured by total faecal collection technique. Rumen fluid analysed acids (VFA). and


There are objections to the definition of Islamophobia as a form of racism. Objections center around two main themes of Islamophobia: "Islam" and "Muslims". Some detractors argue that the former should not be given protection against various debates and criticisms that should be considered legitimate within the scope of freedom of expression. They assert that statements such as "Muhammad is a pedophile and married a nine-year-old girl", "Islam was spread by the sword" or "Wearing the veil dehumanizes, humiliates and objectifies women" should be considered as theological debates that should be seen as legitimate within the scope of freedom of expression and that these rights of criticism should not be restricted by defining Islamophobia as a form of racism. For others, the latter cannot be considered a racial minority because being a Muslim is a religious identity that is seen as being voluntarily chosen. While this approach regards gender and racial identities as innate or involuntary identity categories, it assumes that being a Muslim is related to one's own will and therefore Muslims need or should have much less legal protection than these other identity categories. This paper argues that definitions other than racism would miss a vital issue, one that helps capture and understand how Muslims and those who are simply perceived as being Muslim are excluded, subordinated, and exploited with reference to phenotypical and cultural differences. This is the issue of racialization of Muslims. This study aims to explore the following questions: What should be the legal limit of freedom of expression? Is it possible to distinguish Islamophobia from reasonable criticism of Muslims and Islam? Does racism really depend on the actual existence of races? If the hostility to Islam and Muslims can be regarded as a form of racism, then, what kind of racism might it be? What are its specific qualities, how does it function? How have Muslims been racialized? To answer these questions, this paper draws on a study of Islamophobia experiences of thirty-nine first and second-generation young Turks aged between 18-35 in London in 2019. I aimed to recruit respondents that were diverse enough to represent the variation known to exist in the Turkish community of London. I selected the semi-structured in-depth interview method as the means by which the data would be collected. I employed thematic analysis to identify and analyse patterns of meaning in the dataset. This study has made clear that Muslims are racialized not based on biological or phenotypical features, but also ethnic and cultural features. I argue that making sweeping generalizations is more likely to be Islamophobic. One should have the right to critique ideologies and religions, but the manner and decorum in which individuals express themselves are vital. The speech should not intentionally demonize a religion, or humiliate, devalue, or stigmatize a diverse group of people. Moreover, being Muslim is not a racial identity reflects the idea that race is the pre-condition for racism and confines racism to a narrow understanding. Every racism, whether biological or cultural, is cultural in its essence and the main target is cultural, social, and religious differences attributed to bodies (individuals). Therefore, perceived religious affiliation rather than religion itself is at the center of anti-Muslim racism. Regardless of physical appearance, nationality, ethnicity, or economic situation, Muslims are homogenized, humiliated, and marginalized through Islamophobic discourse and practices in their daily lives. This article contributes to a better understanding of why Islamophobia should be evaluated as a form of racism. It is hoped that in assessing the discourse and behavior towards Islam and Muslims, the focus will be shifted from everyday political debate or hostility to religion, fear of religion, anti-Muslim hatred, and prejudice to the fact that Muslims are racialized.


OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical isolates,so as to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics and infection control.METHODS The result of drug susceptibility and clinical distribution of A.baumannii from Jan 1999 to Dec 2010 in our hospital were analyzed.The antimicrobial resistance rates were analyzed by WHONET 5.4 and SPSS11.5 software.RESULTS The isolation rate and the resistance rate of AB to 17 kinds of drugs appeared increasing.ABA strains were mainly distributed at ICU wards and respiratory department,the same as the multi-drug resistance and pan-drug resistance strains.Their proportions were 35.94% and 18.18%,respectively.The major strains was isolated from sputum,the(71.66%),the older the age,the higher the appearing rate.CONCLUSION ABA has severe drug resistance,the isolation rate of AB is increasing and the resistance rate to drugs appears is increasing trend,the number of MDRAB and PDRAB had been increased sharply.Infection control should be enhanced in ICU and wards which includes the ward with more population of elderly patients.


Oxygen is pivotal for life on earth, and chemical reactions with oxygen are constantly ongoing. One of many important reactions is the autoxidation of organic compounds, which results in increased chemical reactivity of the products. As diagnostic patch testing with air-exposed fragrance terpenes has shown frequent allergic reactions in dermatitis patients all over the world, the effect of autoxidation with regard to skin contact has become a topic for the community of dermatologists, industry, and regulatory authorities. Fragrance compounds in cosmetics and everyday products are the most common sources of skin contact with terpenes in the general population. However, the significance of this exposure as the cause of skin allergy has been questioned, and other explanations have been suggested for the positive patch test reactions, for example a state of reactivity to multiple degradation products formed under oxidative conditions. To understand the discussion, it is important to understand the oxidation process and the formation of immunogens from the primary oxidation products, that is, hydroperoxides. Chemically, autoxidation is a reaction that can be defined as the insertion of oxygen into a carbon–hydrogen bond (C–H), forming hydroperoxides (R-OOH). The insertion occurs via a free radical chain reaction, and the outcome depends on the stability of the radicals formed. Thus, it is possible to postulate from the structure of a compound where the most stable hydroperoxides should be formed. Hydroperoxides that are stable enough to accumulate have been detected after air exposure of several fragrance terpenes, and they have been shown to be highly sensitizing (1, 2). On the basis of this, fragrance terpenes that are able to autoxidize and form sensitizing compounds should be considered as prehaptens in structure–allergy relationship (SAR) analyses. Such analyses are included in the review of fragrance allergens by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission when listing fragrance allergens of which the consumer needs to be made aware (3). The hydroperoxides are considered to be the main sensitizers in air-oxidized limonene and linalool. However, it is important to remember that the hydroperoxides are the primary oxidation products from which secondary oxidation products and, eventually, polymeric materials are formed. Depending on the basic structure of the parent compound, the secondary oxidation products can also be important sensitizers, for example the conjugated aldehydes geranial and neral formed from geraniol (4). Most haptens hitherto studied form immunogens via nucleophilic–electrophilic reactions with proteins in the skin, but for hydroperoxides the formation of immunogens involves radical reactions. It has therefore been hypothesized that hydroperoxides might cause less precise antigen formation, as they are formed from highly reactive radicals, but, as discussed below, no evidence of this has been found.


This article focuses on the meanings of hadith on waqf according to traditionalist and modern 'ulama in Gresik, East Java. The signification of hadith related to religious benefaction (waqf) certainly has various aspects in terms of the social and cultural contexts of the Prophetic traditions. Hadith on waqf has been subject of different meanings reconstruction among Muslim jurists in contemporary context. According to tradisionalist 'ulama, waqf can be meant as sadaqah jâriyah. They maintain that waqf is turning over properties which have the value of benefit to administrators of waqf who are responsible to maintain the original form of properties. Meanwhile, modern 'ulama argue that waqf is turning over the 'existing' property either eternally or temporally to be used directly and its benefit can be taken continously for the sake of common good or public interest. Waqf is sadaqah jâriyah, the reward of which flows continously. The meaning of 'existing' is that the age of submitted property is determined by its economic value, or as it is written in the statement of waqf. Different meanings of waqf according to traditionalist and modern 'ulama are influenced by their educational backgrounds.


"Fragmentation thinking" means the thinking process in which people use fragmented time, access to fragmented information, make fragmented judgment and reasoning, which will lead to fragmented decision-making. It is a social result brought about by the rapid development of modern information technology. From the perspective of philosophy of technology, information technology factors, social factors, and psychological factors all contribute to "Fragmentation thinking," and the "Fragmentation thinking" will play a role in dispelling the integrity of thinking, collectivism and the overall development of individuals. In order to eliminate the negative effects of "Fragmentation thinking," we must rationally review the functions of information technology, avoid over-reliance on information technology, and consciously integrate "Fragmentation thinking" through the education and media to constantly train people's integral thinking ability.


Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an emerging pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis. This bacterium is opportunistic pathogen and is linked with life-threatening infections in neonates and elderly persons. It is considered as ubiquitous organism and can be found in a broad range of foods & food ingredients and in water, in a variety of areas, including hospitals and houses though outbreaks most commonly associated with the ingestion of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods has ranked C. sakazakii a "severe hazard for restricted populations." It poses high tolerance to environmental stresses such as osmotic stress, elevated temperature etc. and decontamination processes and has broad antibiotic resistance and resistance to bile salts and disinfectants. Cronobacter sakazakii may survive in macrophage cells and efficiently attach to and invade epithelial cell lines, produce exopolysaccharide, form biofilm and has active efflux pumps. Controlling the organism in the production environment, thereby reducing dissemination, necessitates the provision of suitable diagnostic tools. Appropriate measures by parents, food and infant formula manufacturers, and health care providers, as well as understanding of the pathogenesis, are important in the prevention of C. sakazakii-related infections.


The literature on the end of remarkable inflationary processes (Bresciani-Turroni, 1937; Sargent, 1986) calls our attention to one of the favorable aspects of hyperinflations: the fact that high inflation destroys old debts. Because of the central role fiscal deficits play in chronic inflation, the alleviation of the debt burden helps stabilization, and the fact that a large portion of government debt may disappear without the undesirable reputation costs of explicit debt repudiation is even better. In the Brazilian inflationary experience, most of this potentially favorable effect of high inflation on debt has been neutralized by indexation. In December 1994, officially recognized total federal domestic debt was 19. 9% of GDP. The fast growth of public debt in the first four years of stabilization has offset the benefits of the inflation acceleration, which occurred shortly before the onset of monetary reform in July, 1994. By December 1998, this figure was 44. 8% of GDP.


IT has long since been known that there are a great number of factors affecting the speed of development of fish eggs and larvae. One of the most important of these is temperature, and even the most cursory examination of the literature will show that during the last half-century various authors have expressed the relationship that is thought to exist between the temperature and the rate of development in several different ways. The study of the effect of temperature on the rate of development of fish eggs and larvae of any particular species indicates that other relationships and facts are of interest, such as the limits above and below which growth appears to be normal, the effect of temperature and the rate of metabolism on the ultimate size of the embryo, whether or not the temperature affects the length of time occupied by the actual hatching period, and if fish raised at different constant temperatures exhibit various structural modifications such as a diminution of the number of vertebrae and scales at the higher temperatures. These relationships and many others may have immediate practical application. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from a study of the effect of temperature on the rate of development of cut-throat trout eggs and larvae.


The genus Melocanna is distributed in Bangladesh, Burma and India, and consists of two species viz. M. humilis Kurz and M. baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz. The name of the Burmese species M humilis was preoccupied for a species of Cochin-China. Therefore, Parkinson renamed the Burmese species as Melocanna arundina Parker which is the correct name.


Current situations of organic tobacco development at both home and abroad, indicating mat organic tobacco is one of the innovation directions for sustainable, healthy, environmental protection and low carbon development of modern tobacco industry. On the basis of foreign cultivation technical system for organic agriculture, the cultivation technical system for organic tobacco is summed up as follows: first, keep the diversity and continuity of space and time; second, ensure closeness of nutrient cycle; third, improve self-regulatory system and protection ability of crops. Then, the development trend of organic tobacco is analyzed and corresponding measures are put forward: establish production base and assessment system for organic tobacco; establish technical system for production of organic tobacco; establish and perfect evaluation system for management, production and supervision of organic tobacco; strengthen popularization of production and concept of organic tobacco; improve management of organic tobacco purchase, industry commerce handover, and redrying.


Austenitic stainless steels find widespread use in sodium-cooled reactor systems because of their low corrosion rates and adequate strength. These steels are usually associated with severe galling wear and high unsteady friction when in contact in the absence of conventional lubrication.Experimental work in liquid sodium and in sodium vapour has shown clearly, however, the existence of mild wear processes in which the surface damage is slight and the friction relatively smooth. This type of wear persists for a greater sliding distance in sodium vapour than in sodium liquid at low temperature.Boundary lubrication by complex oxides is shown to be the likely cause of the mild wear, and the effects of changes of oxygen level in the liquid sodium are reported. A tentative explanation of the friction and wear behaviour is given, based on thermodynamic data.


Combining the sphere decoding (SD) algorithm and the sequential detection method, we propose an adaptive group detection (AGD) scheme based on the sort-descending QRD (S-D-QRD) for V-BLAST architectures over an i.i.d. Rayleigh flat fading channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme, which encompasses the SD algorithm and the sequential detection method as two extreme cases in a probability sense, can achieve a very flexible tradeoff between the detection performance and computational complexity by adjusting the group parameter.


On 8 March,2011,several students in a primary school in Xiacheng dsitrict in Hangzhou developed vomiiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain and dizziness.Field epidemiological survey was conducted for these cases.Stool samples from the patients and water samples were collected to detect pathogenic bacteria and nucleic acid of virus causing diarrhea.Six of 7 stool samples were GⅡ type norovirus posiitve,4 of 6 water samples were GⅡ type norovirus posiitve.The total numbers of colony in 6 water samples and the coli group in 5 water samples exceeded the limits.No pathogenic bacterium was detected in 13 samples.It is concluded that the diarrhea epidemic in school was caused by the contamination of barreled water with norovirus.