Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Despite increasing reports of yield responses of crops to S fertilization, there is limited information about changes in the soil test concentrations of S. This study used a soil chemical analysis dataset from 2002 to 2014 to evaluate changes in soil S and other nutrient levels. The soil‐test database comprised 8,428 topsoil samples (0–20 cm depth layer) collected from 143 farm fields located in the northwest (NW) Ohio counties of Defiance, Paulding, and Williams. Except for S, the database showed no significant changes in soil chemical properties from NW Ohio between 2002 and 2014. Soil sulfate (SO42−) levels have linearly decreased by 63% from 2002 to 2014, reaching the range of concentration considered deficient for the main cereal crops. With no changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and pH, this result was attributed primarily to enactment of air quality regulations, since soil SO42− decreases were directly correlated with the reductions of SO2 emissions (−70%), SO42− in rainwater (−66%) and deposited (−52%) in NW Ohio between the years of 2002–2013. Furthermore, combined increasing crop yields and insufficient compensation by fertilization had role on decreasing soil SO42− levels. Current fertilization practices and wet deposition of S have not been sufficient to balance S removals from soil leading to the declines in the soil test S levels. It is imperative to paid more attention to practices that maintain soil S fertility levels to avoid yield penalties associated with soil S deficiencies.


Already small amounts of ion contamination within sensitive areas of high voltage transistors can cause severe damage to semicon- ductor devices. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to hinder mobile ions from reaching critical regions (e.g., the gate oxide layer). To protect semiconductor devices from environmental influences and contamination, polymers are used for chip encapsulation. Reduction of ion migration within these polymers can increase the reliability of the semiconductor device. Crown ethers are well known to form stable complexes with alkali cations. Within this work the influence of 15-crown-5 ether on the sodium migration in poly-methyl methacrylate and polyimide will be evaluated by means of ion conductivity measurements.


ABSTRACTThis essay is my attempt, via autobiographical theorizing, to weave together personal narratives from within the academy and those from without, to illuminate events in the life of an academic woman in an environment that fosters aggression, intolerance for human variations, competition, and contempt for knowledge construction that is not "objective," verifiable, and separated from those of us who make it. I construct the essay around three anecdotes, then step back, theorize the experiences, and question the notion of such autobiographical theorizing itself. Throughout the essay I search for ways to use language that are seamless, where there is no back and forth between ideas and emotion, personal and academic, creative and critical; where telling stories and talking about those stories can be the same; where writing for others is writing for ourselves. I finally find that the way I write is intertwined with the way I teach, and both are inseparable from the I who lives in those hours outside th...


The use of social media has increased in schools and universities due to the new norms of teaching and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, this educational paradigm shift requires further surveys to explore the potentials and restrictions, particularly in the context of Afghanistan. Therefore, a quantitative method and descriptive survey design are adopted to examine the effect of using social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram) on the academic performance (Mean Scores of GPA) of Afghanistan faculty members who are pursuing their postgraduate studies at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The participants are (N=103 male and female) who are randomly selected. The data is collected through a structured survey google form. Frequency and percentage statistical analysis, Independent-Samples T-test, and IndependentMeasures ANOVA are performed as data analysis techniques. The results show a large number of WhatsApp users in terms of frequency and percentage among faculty members of Afghanistan who are using social media. The findings also examine that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of GPA in the academic performance of faculty members using different types of social media. In conclusion, the study contributes to establishing an in-depth understanding of the effect of using social media on the academic performance among faculty members based on the new policies of e-learning implementation by the Ministry of Higher Education during the Covid-19 pandemic.


We have previously expressed a recombinant hepatitis E virus capsid protein p239 (ORF2, aa368-606) which showed good immunogenicity and reactivity, and has been confirmed to have a simulated structure compared with native viruses. In the present study, p239 was used to simulate native HEV to investigate the attachment of HEV on host cells. Our data showed that p239 specifically attached on HepG2 cells as several HEV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) could block p239 attachment on cell surface. Further, by using MAbs against linear epitopes of p239, we identified a possible cellular binding site (aa423-443) for the capsid protein of HEV. Our data provide an important clue for the further analyzing of HEV-host cell interaction.


In this letter, a novel neuromuscular disease detection framework employing cross-wavelet spectrum (XWS) based deep feature extraction is proposed. In joint time–frequency analysis, cross-wavelet transform (XWT) is an important tool which provides the degree of correlation between two time series in both time scale and time–frequency plane. In this present contribution, XWT of healthy, myopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis electromyography signals was initially done with a reference healthy signal to obtain their respective XWS. The obtained cross-spectrum images of different electromyography signals were fed to a pretrained deep residual network for the purpose of feature extraction. Then, we selected the most discriminative feature set using one way analysis of variance test and false discovery rate correction. Finally, using the selected deep features, classification of Electromyography (EMG) signals was done using different benchmark machine learning classifiers. Four (three binary and one multiclass) classification tasks were performed and we observed that the proposed method delivered very high classification accuracy for all cases, which can be implemented for real time neuromuscular disease detection.


Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP) is a kind of combinatorial optimization problem which plays an important role in the fields of physical distribution and logistics.VRP with Alternative Time Windows(VRPATW) is studied,a mathematical model of VRPATW is established and a PFIH-tabu search algorithm is introduced to solve.Then computational results are provided to show that the algorithm can be used to solve VRPATW efficiently.


Nodal line semimetals have lately aroused much experimental and theoretical interest, with their gap closing along unconventional trajectories in the 3D Brillouin zone. These trajectories or nodal lines can close into loops and trace out intricate knotted or linked configurations with complicated topologies. In this work, we investigate the semi-classical optical response of two nodal loops in linked, unlinked and touching configurations, focusing particularly on the interplay of response anisotropy and non-linearity. We provide a geometric picture that unifies these aspects and sheds light on the effects of nodal topology and geometry. Based on a model abstracted from generic multi nodal loop scenarios, both with or without linkages, our findings will be applicable for a large class of nodal semimetal materials with multiple nodal lines or loops.


In order to gain understanding of friendship in the context of individuals' lives, over 60 chronologically old informants were asked to relate their biographies to an interviewer using friendship as the constant referent. The strengths and weaknesses for the data obtained in this way are discussed and three frameworks for analysis are specfied. These data have the potential to provide insight into cultural aspects of friendship in American society, the process of friendship through the life course, and social actors' organization of their friendships. The "topical oral biographies method" is suggested as a way to pursue research questions about the relationship between individuals and societies.


The Estonian Maritime Administration is in the process of renewing its fleet. The latest step was the rebuilding of the conventional buoy tender EVA 316 as the multi-purpose icebreaker / buoy tender with oil combating and fire fighting capacity.


NiO anode material in use for lithium ion battery is attracting excessive attentions for its higher melting point,larger specific capacity,good cycling performance,wellsecurity and easy preparation.In this paper,the characteristics and intercalating Li mechanism of NiO anode material are briefly introduced.The structure and electrochemical properties of NiO powder and thin film prepared by different processes and the effect of doping and current density on the electrochemical properties of NiO are extensively reviewed.


Designing large parks such as Yongsan Park requires the open-ended process-oriented design approach in complex layers rather than the conventional self-completed master plan method. This study aims to examine the characteristics of process-oriented design in the eight invited entries of "International Competition for the Master Plan of the Yongsan Park, Korea"(2012). For this purpose, it analyzed each entry according to three criteria: objects of process-oriented approach, time factor and its features of phasing plan, and presentation method of the process. This analysis can not only critically review the current level of the process-centered design methodology but also suggest strategic future directions for Yongsan Park. The objects of process-oriented design in the eight works were order of physical space development, restoration process of ecosystem, recovering process of publicity, and economic operation and management. Main considerations in the objects were connections to adjacent urban fabrics, links to regional green and water system, reuse of existing buildings and infrastructures in the site. The temporal criteria of the phasing plan had two aspects. One was planning a certain time and period, and the other was just establishing an order of phases. Most of the presentation method of process was the phasing plan, but some of the entries suggested a scenario plan. The eight works of "International Competition for the Master Plan of Yongsan Park" did not attempt process-oriented designs entirely and completely. Rather, they tried to introduce the phasing plan as part of a process-centered design. Also, they took an eclectic approach between master plan and process-oriented design instead of rejecting the conventional master plan approach.


AbstractThe detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is one of the primary tasks during inspection. The most common inspection method used is the half-cell potential method. From half-cell potential readings, a judgment is made by allocating investigated structural concrete surfaces to either corrosion detected or corrosion not detected. In this paper, the development of so-called probability of (corrosion) detection (POD) curves is presented. A numerical approach is presented for evaluating the POD in reinforced concrete structures. The probability that a defect, in this case represented by a corroding (anodically acting) area of the reinforcement steel, can be detected was calculated in dependency to electrolytic resistance of concrete, to the concrete cover, and to the grid size chosen for inspection. If parts exposed to different moisture condition are evaluated in one data set, the reliability of corrosion detection can be strongly impaired. If uniformly exposed surfaces are considere...


Identification of the term "data quality" with respect to the information-analytical systems is made in the article. Division of methods for enhancing the quality of the data into groups and species is carried out. Assessment of data quality as a key element of IT-related technology connected with management of data quality is emphasized. To form an effective methodology for assessing the data classification of stages of the process for assessing data quality is given, and brief comparative analysis is provided, data quality problems based on three levels, indicating the specificity of each of them, including the relevant factors, manifestations and control sites with identified problems, are systematized.


This paper analyzes the state and conditions of aquaculture in South China Sea both from technological and economic perspectives. We start from the historical review of China's aquaculture development. Base on the comparison on the cost between aquaculture sector and traditional agricultural sector, we conclude that China has a big potential in aquaculture and the government should impulse this industry by necessary policy instrument.


Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Realizations of Boolean Functions. 2. Minimization of BDDS. 3. Functional Decomposition for Completely Specified Single-Output Functions. 4. Functional Decomposition for Completely Specified Multi-Output Functions. 5. Functional Decomposition for Incompletely Specified Functions. 6. Non-Disjoint Decompositions. 7. Large Circuits. Appendices. Index.


The lithological characterization of the seafloor is key information for offshore engineering, especially when it comes to pier and platform design. Undetected shallow gas pockets may cause the collapse of heavy platforms for hydrocarbon production. Unconsolidated sediments are not ideal for the basement of wind farms for electric power production. Drilling and coring can be used for local sampling, but continuous profiles or even areal coverage are far more preferable. High-resolution seismic profiles are successfully used when ports are not too busy, but otherwise, single-channel systems must be used. We show in this paper that even these simpler systems can be used to estimate parameters such as the acoustic impedance of shallow sediments directly beneath the seafloor. We exploit the amplitude decay of the multiple reflections between the seafloor and the surface, which does not depend on the source energy. If the offset between source and receiver is not too small, we can estimate the shallow P velocity and, via acoustic impedance, also the rock density.


AIM
To outline competencies to guide smoking cessation delivery by health workers in New Zealand.

METHODS
The cessation competencies were developed from a literature review of competencies measurable and relevant to New Zealand, the evidence for effectiveness of different interventions from the 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines, and consultation with an expert group and smoking cessation providers throughout New Zealand.

RESULTS
The literature review identified only a handful of relevant documents on smoking cessation workforce competencies. Thirty-nine skill and knowledge-based competencies, based on three standards from the 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines were identified. Each competency has been assigned a level (core, generalist, and specialist) depending on the provider's role.

CONCLUSIONS
The New Zealand smoking cessation competencies provide a basis for guiding expectations of the measurable knowledge and skills all workers providing smoking cessation should attain. Their utility should be evaluated and reviewed after at least a year.


We examined the transition behavior of the tilt angle on homeotropic polyimide (PI) surfaces as a function of ion beam (IB) irradiation incident angle. We also investigated the liquid crystal (LC) orientation mechanism by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The tilt angles of the IB-irradiated PI surfaces were controlled in the range of 82–90° as functions of IB irradiation time and incident angle. The largest deviation from the homeotropic alignment was achieved at an IB incident angle of 45°. The plot of the atomic percentage of C–O binding energy versus IB incident angle was shaped like an upward-pointing triangle, while that of the C=O binding energy versus IB incident angle was the reverse. The tilt angle behavior as a function of IB incident angle was similar to the atomic percentage behavior. The LC alignment with IB irradiation was due to the dipole–dipole interaction between the C–O single bonds and the LC molecules. An excellent voltage–transmittance curve for the vertical alignment (VA)-LC cells was observed with a threshold voltage behavior related to the tilt angle. Suitable response time characteristics were measured for VA-LC cells treated with IB irradiation.


This study aims to determine the effect of Think Talk Write learning models on motivation and learning outcomes in Indonesian. The research design used was nonequivalent post-test only control group design. The population in this study were all grade IV SD 3 Sidoluhur, Lawang Malang Regency in the 2018/2019 school year. Samples were taken by random sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed with the MANOVA test. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in learning motivation between groups of students who were taught with Think Talk Write learning models and groups of students who were taught with conventional learning models 2) there were significant differences in Indonesian learning outcomes between groups of students who were taught with models Think to Talk Write learning and student groups that are taught with conventional learning models, 3) there are significant differences in learning motivation and Indonesian language learning outcomes between groups of students who are taught with Think Talk Write learning models and groups of students who are taught with conventional learning models.


This paper analyses the role of military logistics operations during the Vietnam War. It looks at the technical and strategic role of logistics, and the physical obstacles that had to be overcome in Vietnam. The US had highly sophisticated war machinery that was deployed in a country that lacked not only the transportation infrastructure (roads, ports, airports) but also had extreme terrain and climate conditions. On the other hand the Vietnamese had a well-oiled supply chain which often was carried on bicycles and literally on the backs of humans not only along the Ho Chi Minh Trail but throughout the north and south of Vietnam. On the US side helicopters played an important transportation role substituting land transport with air transport. The war effort escalated so rapidly that there was literally no time for logistics advancement operations and prepositioning of assets which resulted in a parallel run of war fighting and logistics operations. Naval operations had to provide their own landing crafts due to the lack of deep seaports with adequate lifting equipment. At the same time airlifts required runways and aircontrol facilities which needed to be provided by the US. Even the US Department of Defense (DOD) food supply chain was supported from abroad while local war fighters could live off the land. The Vietnam War logistics effort reached over to neighboring countries, and Thailand played an important role with its naval and airbases close to Sattahip, U-Tapao and northern parts of Thailand. There are valuable lessons to be learned for both military logistics as well as private sector supply chain management.


The transmissibility coefficient, present in commercial codes in petroleum reservoir simulation, was firstly defined considering an orthogonal grid in an isotropic and homogeneous medium, applying the traditional cell center control volume method. This type of problem results in a five point stencil for two dimensional domains, and the mass flux over a control volume face is, in this particular case, evaluated correctly with two pressure points. Afterwards, Hegre and Dalen presented a useful calculation method, widely used in commercial reservoir simulators, to any distorted corner point grid, still resulting in a five point stencil for a heterogeneous and anisotropic medium. Recently, some works showed in distorted and two dimensional grids and/or anisotropic medium that the mass flux over a control volume face cannot be accurately evaluated with only two pressure points, i.e., a five point stencil. This can introduce significant errors in the problem solution and strong grid orientation effects. This work presents an extension of the traditional control volume method, based on Hegre's transmissibilities, considering the correct mass flux. The resultant stencil involves nine pressure points in a two dimensional case and twenty-three in a three dimensional case. The transmissibilities calculation proposed is designed to be applied in anisotropic (full tensor) and/or heterogeneous medium. The results of the tests performed are in good agreement with the correct nine point reference solution that considers the correct mass flux. In addition, the transmissibility method is straightforward to be extended in a computational code based on Hegre's transmissibility.


In light of the current circumstances and the momentary fluctuations that we live in all domains of life, which have transformed most decision-making cases into risky cases, this study was necessary. In this research, we present a new study for decision-making in the event of risk, by formulating some rules according to the neutrosophic logic starting from the data of the problem, where we replaced the classical values in the matrix of profit and probabilities with neutrosophic values that have a margin of freedom thanks to the indeterminacy provided by the neutrosophic logic, and we got more accurate solutions than the solutions that we obtained when using the classical rules which reduces the occurrence of losses, especially if the decisions are fateful and the decision issues are huge and complex and helps us to achieve the greatest profits by adopting a rational decision based on modern quantitative ways and methods.


Glycyrrhizic acid,an effective component in glycyrrhiza,is a natural antidote,and precious to humans,with significant effect of ACTH,which is fit for ageing-resistence,anti-inflammation,decreasing the blood pressure,increasing physiological function,improving hyperlipemia,maintaining water-electrolyte metabolism.Ammonium glycyrrhizinate is specific structure,having effect of anti-inflammation and anti-allergy.These effect is being widely used in clinic.


We report heat capacity measurements of the pnictide materials SmFeAsO1-xFx, NdFeAsO, LaFeAsO1-xFx and LiFeAs. For SmFeAsO1- xFx, with x close to 0.1, we use 3He measurements to demonstrate a transfer of entropy from the peak at TN to a previously unidentified ∼2 K feature, which grows with increasing doping. Our results on the Sm samples are compared with a similarly doped La sample to elucidate the crystal field levels of the Sm3+ ion at 0, 20 and 45 meV, which lead to a Schottky-like anomaly, and also show that there is a significant increase in the Sommerfeld coefficient γ when La is replaced by Sm or Nd. The lattice contribution to the heat capacity of the superconducting oxypnictides is found to vary negligibly with chemical substitution. We also present a heat capacity measurement of LiFeAs showing the feature at Tc, which is significantly rounded and much smaller than the BCS value.


Complication of the modern problems of the ecologically - analytical monitoring of heavy toxically metals and protection of health of population has caused by attraction of investigators of different countries for their decision by modern high - selective methods of analysis. Control of different objects of environment including analysis of different food products on the content of some heavy toxically metals, inorganic and organic substances by different physic and chemical methods is one of the important tasks of analytical chemistry. Among them electrochemical methods of analysis have special and important place owing to their high selectivity, simplicity, low prices, possibility to automation of electroanalytic al processes. Express and selective inversion - voltamperemetri cal methods of determination of content of Sn in different food products were elaborated and also estimation of some metrological and exploitation parameters was given.


Based on the dense observation data,NCEP reanalysis and infrared TBB data,the system features and the cause for the rainstorm process on the east side of Ailao Mountain on 15 June 2012 have been diagnostically analyzed.The results show that the shear line at 700 hPa becomes the shear line parallel to Ailao Mountain after it moves to the mountain because of Yunnan-Burma ridge and terrain.The surface cold front becomes stationary front after it moves to the east side of Ailao Mountain.At the same time,surface cold air is supplied from north,cold air sinks and warm air increases,so strong ascending motion takes place.The mesoscale convective cloud cluster that forms in the convergent cloud belt near the shear line produces "train effect",guided by the northwest flow and results in convective rainstorm.The vapor from East China Sea and Bay of Bengal converges at the nearby shear line.Deep moisture convergence layer caused by wind convergence nearby Ailao Mountain is main vapor characteristic in this sudden rainstorms weather.The hourly surface automatic station sea level pressure field and CAPE have significant changes before the occurrence of sudden rainstorm along Ailao Mountain,severe precipitation primarily happens near mesoscale surface warm depression and high value area of CAPE.These results would be indicative to the forecasting and warning of this type short-time severe precipitation.


The formation of the farmland landscape features were analyzed,the concept of art farmland,landscape features and landscape types were expounded,farmland of the arts landscape design principles and methods were also discussed in detail,and agricultural material products,agricultural art products and agricultural leisure products three harvests were realized through art farmland landscape planning and design.


In this chapter, we examine the relationship between the best practices of evidence-based teaching and the principles that constitute team-based learning.


A 43-year-old male patient presented to the hospital with an edematous-erythematous leg. Within a few days, extensive necrosis formed, and the appearance of sepsis resulted in the patient requiring intensive medical care. After surgical exploration and histopathologic evaluation, a diagnosis of septic vasculitis was made (Figure 1) [1]. Antibiotic therapy was initiated and the patient was transferred to the dermatology clinic during the course of treatment. On admission, confluent necrotic areas measuring 40 × 17 cm were seen (Figure 1). Surgical rehabilitation began with stepwise ablation of necrotic tissue and concomitant vacuum therapy. In parallel with the wound conditioning, the case was taken up for discussion by our Extremities Board, a conference for trauma surgeons, plastic surgeons, dermatologists, orthopedists, microbiologists, and radiologists with the goal of limb preservation. Due to the size of the defect and the necessary lifting defects, multiple free flap plasty was not performed. In addition, there was a risk of a flaring up of vasculitis beneath the flaps. Therefore, reconstruction was instead performed with the collagen-elastin matrix MatriDerm® and a split-thickness skin graft (Figure 2).


The procedure of conceptual design of hybrid transmissions for motorcycle applications is described in this paper. The topological structures of hybrid transmissions are created on the basis of the v–belt drive continuously variable unit and simple differential gears. Four design concepts of hybrid transmission systems are synthesized. A design example is provided to prove the feasibility of the proposed concept.


The interactive approach of this unique resource integrates ECG skills with the ACLS process to facilitate recognition and interpretation of common cardiac rhythms, along with clinical application. Questions appear on the front of each page, answers on the back, for a unique "study card" approach. The format rapidly advances from the fundamentals to a fairly high level of sophistication, and includes coverage of pediatric rhythms. Heavy pages and durable binding make this an ideal review tool for on the go.


INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic elbow instability is a widely recognized complication in the adult patient population after fractures of the coronoid. Many reconstruction options have been developed, including the use of autografts from the iliac crest, radial head, or olecranon tip or an extended coronoid prosthesis. Information on pediatric elbow instability is less widely published and shows a wide range of etiologies. Congenital anomalies have been previously described with the most common form being congenital radial head dislocation. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of congenital elbow instability related to deficiency of the coronoid process, nor have there been any treatment options described for such congenital conditions. We report a child with symptomatic elbow instability at the ulnohumeral joint related to deficiency of the coronoid process as well as the successful outcome after reconstruction of the coronoid with iliac crest bone autograft. Informed consent was obtained for the publication of details concerning the case.


The power spectra of the wideband (10 Hz to 100 kHz) magnetic field signals in a number of lightning return strokes (primarily first return strokes) measured during a lightning storm which occurred in Lindau in August 1984 have been calculated. The RF magnetic field data were obtained with the engineering unit of the Galileo Jupiter Probe lightning experiment. In the analysis, each return stroke data set is first passed through an adaptive filter designed to whiten its spectrum. The largest sample in the filtered output is set to zero, and the power spectrum of the filtered data stream is computed using five orthogonal prolate spheroidal data windows in the time domain and a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The spectra of the magnetic field data definitely show fine structure, with two or three distinct peaks appearing in the spectra of many of the waveforms. An enhancement of power at ƒ ∼60–70 kHz is often seen in the spectra of the waveform time segments preceding and following the rise-to-peak amplitude of the return stroke.


A new heat flux formula valid in strong inhomogeneous laser‐produced plasmas has been derived from the Fokker–Planck equation. The nonlocal treatment of Luciani et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1664 (1983); Phys. Fluids 28, 835 (1985)] is improved by taking into account the electric potential effect. A simple and reliable phenomenological formula is proposed, which is in good agreement with numerical Fokker–Planck computations.


The aimed of the research to know the influence of photoperiod of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in the different medium composition. The research was carried out in the Microcutting Laboratory, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Kebun Gunung Pamela Tebing Tinggi , Sumatera Utara , Indonesia . The research began from March to July 2015. The research used completely randomized design with eighteen treathments and six replications. The results showed that interaction of photoperiod and medium with combination of growth regulators were significantly to percent of shoots. Photoperiod 24 h light and the medium of WPM + BAP 0,5 mg/l was the best medium to multiplication of rubber.


This paper intends to re-evaluate the equivocal concepts of subjectivity and identification, replacing the latter with emotional adhesion, with the example of two adaptations from the novel to the film made by Manuel Martin Cuenca, La flaqueza del bolchevique (Lorenzo Silva) and Caribal (Humberto Arenal). It is especially claimed to incorporate their two screenplays, do not as a mere support of instructions, but as a meeting point in which the dialogue between film and literature is better appreciated.


This paper will aim to address one of the ETC conference themes: "Guidance for option development in transport studies? How are particular mode solutions chosen?" The international policy context for particular public transport mode solutions will be examined [Europe, North America and Australasia]. As additional context a review of best practice literature will be analysed to highlight the relative performance of a range of public transport mode options [from bus to light rapid transit]. The paper will also briefly highlight some recent technology advances in local public transport which could influence mode selection. In the UK context this includes the development of 'cost contained' light rail and high quality bus technology (e.g. the high capacity 'Roadtrain' double deck bendy bus and the ftr streetcar). The paper will identify that general characteristics of public transport modes are insufficient to select the right mode for any particular application which requires a detailed understanding of the local context. The paper will therefore concentrate on Case Studies to draw on the outcomes from a number of international projects and studies to compare and contrast alternative approaches in the selection of particular transport mode solutions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135582.


ACLI applauds the U.S. House of Representatives for approving legislation clarifying the Federal Reserve Board's authority under the Dodd-Frank Act's "Collins Amendment" to develop insurance-based capital standards for insurance companies under its supervision.


This article presents the first application of a digital-intensive intrinsically linear digitally controlled class-E technique in a Doherty configuration. By careful nonlinear segmentation and multiphase RF-clocking along with overdrive-voltage control and automatic duty-cycle correction, it is shown that even the nonlinearities related to Doherty operation can be fully handled by the underlying design such that digital predistorion (DPD) can be, in principle, omitted. The nonlinearity behavior of the whole digital Doherty power amplifier (PA) is analyzed, and closed-form equations are given to predict the AM–AM and AM–phase modulation (PM) curves. In addition, time/phase mismatch between the peak and main branches and the AM and PM signals is accurately compensated. In order to achieve the maximum intrinsic linearity, two separate chips with the same architecture, but different design parameters, are fabricated as the main and peak amplifiers in 40-nm bulk CMOS. To achieve a large RF bandwidth and high passive combiner efficiency, a differential low-loss, wideband Marchand balun-based Doherty power combiner, implemented using reentrant coupled lines with independent second-harmonic control is proposed, and together with the matching network is fabricated on a two-layer PCB. The measured peak/6-dB power backoff $P_{\mathrm{ OUT}}$ , drain efficiency/power-added efficiency at 2.4 GHz are 17.5 dBm/12.2 dBm, 57%/52% and 36%/25% with VDD main/peak = 0.6 V/0.7 V. Measured results without using DPD show −41-dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and −36-dB error vector magnitude (EVM) for a 16-MHz OFDM signal at 2.5 GHz. By using DPD, the measured ACPR and EVM of a 16-MHz/32-MHz OFDM signals are −52 dBc/−48 dBc and −50 dB/−48 dB, respectively.


The concepts of industrial design and cartoon are getting increasingly known to people. Instead of being satisfied with the functions of the products, customers now have higher expectations on the products image. In other words, they demand more on spirit rather than material. Therefore, cartoonization design comes to be a special visual form in products design. This paper makes an attempt to investigate the ways of cartoonization design for industrial products, the current status and the trend.


An experimental investigation was carried out to study the impact of two retrofitting techniques on the flow pattern and rate of discharging solids from a conical screen hopper at the bottom of an ion-exchange column. The two retrofits were a double-pyramid insert and a throttling vertical tube attached to the outlet orifice. Part 1 [1] discussed the impact of the double-pyramid insert on converting the flow pattern in the conical screen hopper from funnel to mass flow. Part 2 shows that developing severe and sudden constriction at the outlet orifice, by utilizing throttling vertical tube, will raise the shear rate and magnify the interstitial drag effects. This will induce the solid particles to dilate in order to accommodate the shear thereby causing transition from packed bed to suspension flow regime. The dynamics of the flow transition may include a sudden collapse of the interface between the two flow regimes resulting in a significant increase in the mass flowrate. Cavitation is believed to occur under these circumstances resulting in an intensified transition. Furthermore, experimental results support the hypothesis that as the constriction increases, the flow switches to a regime with density waves (plugs) of constant velocity down the throttling vertical tube.


Kalijodo has a long history in terms of gambling, prostitution, human trafficking and other illicit activities. Although it is a green belt area, the location had always being filled with semipermanent buildings. The area was changed its meaning in 2016 when the late Governor of Ahok with the help of the police and army, eradicated these housing and transformed this place as the community center (RPTRA-Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak). Together with Yori Antar, Basuki changed Kalijodo into a new center for Jakarta with its mural and skatepark. Former illicit users have been pushed out from the site. Some built a temporary shelter under the highway bridge while others went to their villages. After the fall of Basuki due to the blasphemy crime, the image of RPTRA Kalijodo was contested. Within a day, the area was filled with illegal parking and prostitution returned in different forms taking place under the highway bridge. Layers of meaning and use of Kalijodo transforms rapidly and in results changes the image of the city. Through observation, interviews and archival research, this paper analyses the contestation of the city image by investigating the relationship between the top-down approach and the everyday life uses of space.


Implicit residual smoothing operators for accelerating the convergence of explicit, multistage, artificial compressibility algorithms are developed using ideas from pressure-based methods. The velocity derivatives in the continuity equation and the pressure gradient terms in the momentum equations are discretized in time implicitly. The discrete system of equations is linearized in time producing a block implicit operator which is approximately factorized and diagonalized via a similarity transformation. The so-derived diagonal operator depends only on the metrics of the geometric transformation and can, thus, be implemented in an efficient and straightforward manner. It is combined with the standard implicit residual smoothing operator and incorporated in a four-stage Runge?Kutta algorithm also enhanced with local time-stepping and multigrid acceleration. Linear stability analysis for the three-dimensional Navier?Stokes equations and calculations for laminar flows through curved square ducts and pipes demonstrate the damping properties and efficiency of the proposed approach particularly on large-aspect ratio, highly skewed meshes.


Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet (DSPM) motor which came forth in 1990s is a novel system of mechanical and electrical integration.Based on the tatic characteristics and operating principles of doubly salient permanent magnet motor,a novel DSPM controller is designed and executed based on DSP.The controller includes two control loops which are a speed loop (variable parameter PI adjustment) and a current loop (single-chop current delta-control). Experimental results testify that the design of digital control system given in the paper can improve torque output and stability of DSPM motor.Furthermore,the design has some excellences such as simple construction,high power density,high efficiency,fast dynamic response and easy contol.


In a talk in which I described an extended case study of the young child's acquisition of biological knowledge (Carey 1985), 1 claimed that the preschool child's concepts animal and baby differ from our adult concepts.' One source of evidence for this claim is that 4and 5-year-olds typically do not realize that all animals have babies, indicating a concept linirnal without reproduction as a core property, and a concept baby not tied to the young of each animal species. A few days after the talk I received a l etter from Barbara Dosher, reporting a conversation with her 4-yeirr-old son. Doubting my claim, she had asked him whether pigeons havei baby pigeons. He had replied, 'Sure, and dogs have baby dogs; cows have baby cows; cats have baby cats...'. At this point, her doubts confirme( she asked 'and what about worms; do worms have baby worms? He stopped dead in his tracks, thought for a long time, and finally replied, slppwly, 'No ...worms have short worms.' Being an articulate youngster, he jcould explain perfectly the difference between baby animals and short w~.Mns. The essence of his account: babies are small, helpless, versions of t igger creatures, who because of their behavioural limitations, require the rigger ones to take care of them. As he explained, baby birds cannot tlyk and need their parents to bring them worms; baby cats and dogs do not , have their eyes open, and cannot walk; and baby people, the archetypical baby creatures, are useless-they can't talk, walk, play, eat by themselve$, use


DURING the week August 11 to 18, 1946, a total of 34 new cases of poliomyelitis were reported in Nebraska, 176 cases having been reported for that year. With serious epidemics in the neighboring States of Minnesota, South Dakota and Colorado, there was considerable apprehension on the part of the people of this area. On the front page each day the press reported the new cases and the precautions to be taken. In letters to editors, readers asked for a spraying of the City with DDT, and offered new epidemiologic theories. The terror that past generations manifested toward "the plague" . . .


Finding patterns that are interesting to a user in a certain application context is one of the central goals of data mining research. Regarding all patterns above a certain frequency threshold as interesting is one way of defining interestingness. In this paper, however, we argue that in many applications, a different notion of interestingness is required in order to be able to capture "long", and thus particularly informative, patterns that are correspondingly of low frequency. To identify such patterns, our proposed measure of interestingness is based on the degree or strength of closedness of the patterns. We show that (i) indeed this definition selects long interesting patterns that are difficult to identify with frequency‐based approaches, and (ii) that it selects patterns that are robust against noise and/or dynamic changes. We prove that the family of interesting patterns proposed here forms a closure system and use the corresponding closure operator to design a mining algorithm listing these patterns in amortized quadratic time. In particular, for nonsparse datasets its time complexity is \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\newcommand{\bigo}[1]{O\!\left(#1\right)} \bigo{nm}$\end{document} per pattern, where n denotes the number of items and m the size of the database. This is equal to the best known time bound for listing ordinary closed frequent sets, which is a special case of our problem. We also report empirical results with real‐world datasets. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 346‐360, 2009


Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is notoriously complex, multifaceted, and difficult to measure as a psychological construct. Recently, Duckitt et al. developed the ACT scales, offering theoretical refinement of the RWA construct. Although the validity of the ACT scales had been supported by a considerable body of research, shortcomings in previous analyses cannot rule out the existence of possible method effects. In the present research, we sought to test for the presence of such effects in a representative community sample of adults in Singapore (N = 738). We re-evaluated the factor structure of the ACT scales by assessing four separate models using an item-based approach in our confirmatory factor analyses. Results found significant method effects associated with both the pro-trait and con-trait items in the ACT scales. The implications of these results and possible strategies for controlling method effects in the ACT scales are discussed.


For a short book that covers so much ground, Depression: Integrating Science, Culture, and Humanities is surprisingly rich with detail. Lewis's careful account of what doctors learn in psychiatric textbooks is followed by an excellent summary of scientific controversy regarding diagnostic expansion, the efficacy of antidepressants, and the "broken brain" analogy. His 19-page chapter on Western history somehow manages to avoid superficiality, even though it begins with The Epic of Gilgamesh and ends with psychiatry's turn away from psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in the 1980s. Lewis's discussion of cultural contexts is particularly compelling. In addition to conveying the central role of culture in shaping experiences and expressions of sadness, he sharply critiques the American pharmaceutical industry as an agent of cultural change. Focusing on the transformation of the Japanese market for antidepressants in the 1990s, Lewis reveals the industry's calculated efforts to export a disease model of sadness, thereby increasing demand for the drugs they sell. Despite such incisive analyses, Depression: Integrating Science, Culture, and Humanities has some blind spots. Lewis mischaracterizes David Karp's (1997) Speaking of Sadness as a "memoir." A qualitative study of 50 people with depression, Karp's work is considered a seminal contribution to the sociologies of emotion and mental health and can hardly be considered autobiographical. Lewis's failure to mention Is It Me or My Meds?, Karp's (2007) study of how people manage and make sense of taking antidepressant medications, is even more puzzling, given how nicely it dovetails with Lewis's own assertion that clinical decisions should align with a person's "life choices, life goals, and narrative identity" (Lewis 2012:88). By leaving sociological accounts like Karp's out of the picture, Lewis downplays how much social scientists already know about people's active and complicated relationships with psychiatric models of sadness in the contemporary United States. It seems, in fact, that the only people in the academy who remain stubbornly unaware of depression's multidimensionality are scientific psychiatrists and other purveyors of the disease model. Here I think that Lewis's analysis could be much more to the point. He has little to say about medical scientists' complicity in the rise of "big pharma," and he writes only a sentence or two about the legitimacy that psychiatrists sought to gain by turning toward a biomedical framework in the 1980s. Although Lewis highlights the shortcomings of the disease model, he only hints at the potential harm that can result from biological reductionism and the widespread medicalization of human sadness. By positioning the disease model as one among many potentially useful frameworks, he largely neglects the dynamics of power and inequality that shape the availability of particular discourses. Somewhat paradoxically, these gaps make the text a good supplement for sociology courses, which are apt to focus on some of the social and political dimensions of depression that Lewis overlooks. Not only is the book's brevity ideal for undergraduate instruction, but Lewis's writing is engaging and highly accessible. Appropriate for courses such as Self and Society, Medical Sociology, and the Sociology of Mental Health, Depression: Integrating Science, Culture, and Humanities offers a short but well-grounded introduction to key perspectives on depression. If Lewis's work is any indication, Routledge's series on Integrating Science and Culture will be a fruitful source of other cross-disciplinary texts in the future.


This study examined the effect of public expenditure on economic development in Nigeria for the period 2000–2015. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression model was employed on the perceived causal relationship between public expenditure and economic development. The study revealed that capital expenditure on Economic Services and recurrent expenditure on administration exerted positive and insignificant effect on unemployment rate in Nigeria while public expenditure on social and community service exerted negative and insignificant effect on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Also the study revealed that capital expenditure on Economic Services and Social and Community Services exerted positive and significant effect on private investment in Nigeria while recurrent expenditure on administration exerted negative and significant effect on private investment in Nigeria. In all, the study revealed a significant impact of public expenditure on GDP, unemployment rate and private investment in Nigeria for the period 2000-2015. It is recommended amongst others that capital and recurrent expenditures on economic services should be directed mainly to the agricultural sector. This will stimulate activities in the economic sectors and, perhaps, reverse the negative effect on economic development.


Background: Fissure-in-ano is a very common anal disorder which predominantly presents with severe pain. Lateral internal sphincterotomy
remains the main treatment modality. This may be performed using open or closed method, each with their attendant complications.
Objective: This prospective study compared the results and complications of open versus closed technique of lateral sphincterotomy in patients
with chronic anal ssure.
Materials and Methods:Atotal of 64 patients with chronic anal ssure were enrolled in this study. Of these, 34 patients underwent open lateral
sphincterotomy, and 30 underwent closed sphincterotomy. They were followed up for 6 months postsurgery. The results and complications of the
two groups were compared and statistically analyzed.
Results: Post-operative complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, incontinence, and recurrence were compared between the two groups.
Pain, bleeding, and incontinence to atus were signicantly lesser in the closed group (P < 0.05), while there was no difference in the incidence of
infection and recurrence between the two groups.
Conclusion: Closed lateral internal sphincterotomy is a better alternative compared to open sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal
ssures.


Background: Substance abuse continues to be a major public health problem. Keeping substance abusers in treatment is a challenge, and researchers continue to investigate ways to increase retention. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity in substance abusers and length of stay in the context of therapeutic community. Methods: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale– 11 (BIS-11) was used to assess impulsivity in 138 substance abusers at admission and at nine months in a therapeutic community. Results: Impulsivity significantly decreased in subjects who completed nine months in the therapeutic community. Legal stipulation increased length of stay, on average, by three months. On admission, female participants were on average more impulsive than their male counterparts. Conclusion: Impulsivity decreased in subjects who remained in therapeutic community for nine months although self-reported impulsivity at baseline did not seem to be associated with retention. Scientific Significance: Therapeutic community factors contribute to a decrease in self-reported impulsivity and these factors might be enhanced to increase retention in therapeutic community.


A database access control method and apparatus. The method is applied in a database system, at least two databases exist in the database system, the at least two databases comprise a first database and a second database, and a database connection is established between an application and the first database. The method comprises: a data access layer receives an access request from an application, and determines that a target database to which the access request is sent is a second database; the data access layer establishes a database connection between a connection broker and the second database, and sends the access request to the second database through the connection broker; the data access layer determines that a target database to which the access request is sent is a first database; and the data access layer sends the access request to the first database through a database connection between the application and the first database. The database access control method and apparatus can be used to implement linear expansion of a database application, and save database connection resources.


The psychological contract is the psychological link connecting the organization with the staff,also is an important factor which affects the staff's behavior and attitude.There are psychological contracts with mutual respon sibilities between the library and its employees.This paper elaborates the concepts of psychological contract,and discusses human resource management methods of libraries based on psychological contract.


World Veterinary Day took place on 30 April. Dr Gordon Adam, Western Cape coordinator of the Ruminant Veterinary Association of SA (RuVasa), spoke to Glenneis Kriel about the latest trends in animal health and veterinary services.


'Hanfu' apple cultivar(Malus×domestica) and its parents were used in this research to study its self-compatibility and identify their S-genotypes. The pollination test in the field showed that the 'Hanfu'is self-compatible, and its female parent 'Dongguang'is also self-compatible, but its male parent 'Fuji'is self-sterile as known. The S-genotype of 'Hanfu'was identified as S1S9 by the PCR-based me-thod. Also, the S-genotypes of all 'Dongguang'which are homonym were identified except the 'Toko'which came from Japanese and was named as 'Dongguang'in Chinese. The results showed the S-genotype of 'Dongguang'from Liaoning Research Institute of Pomology is S2S19, showing no relationship with 'Hanfu', and the S-genotypes of 'Dongguang'cultivars from Shenyang Agricultural University, and Jilin Research Institute of Pomology contain S9 allele, suggesting they are probably the female parent of 'Hanfu'.


In this paper, the influence of synthetic conditions (the molar ratio of Mg2+ and Al3+; the concentration of cationic; the aging temperature and time) on the grain size and crystallinity of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been investigated systematically based on the orthogonal experiment. Mg-Al LDH was prepared using magnesite through chemical precipitation and hydrothermal methods. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The grain size which along a and c axis were calculated through Scherrer formula. The experimental results showed that the grain size along a axis increased with the rise of synthesis temperature, while the grain size along c axis reduced. It was also found that the aging temperature and time had a great influence on the crystallinity of Mg-Al LDH.


A feature of cochlear mechanics is local amplification, in which the response at a given frequency is amplified over a relatively narrow longitudinal extent of the cochlea. The basis for the place‐frequency tuning of the amplifier has been explored in cochlear theories, and many models predict realistic level‐dependent tuning in BM motion. Modern observations of in vivo active cochlear mechanics also include measurements of local driving pressure, and local extra‐cellular voltage. These quantities have been predicted by theories of active cochlear mechanics, and thus the data provide useful modeling constraints. In particular, experimental observations argue against an amplifier that results in highly tuned and nonlinear relationships between pressure:velocity:voltage. These observations are consistent with predictions of some but not all cochlear models. Thus, simultaneous measurements of several cochlear quantities can be very useful in guiding concepts of how cochlear tuning and amplification work.


Abstract : The high specific heat of hydrogen compared with air leads to turbine stages which have low pressure ratios for comparable levels of specific work. In high speed propulsion systems designed for reusable space launch vehicles, the choice of scantlings is influenced by the need to minimise weight consistent with the achievement of the required efficiency. The effect of unit increase of mass in a component is, typically, to increase the take-off weight by approximately five units, and efficiencies significantly lower than those of normal aero-gas turbine practice are adopted. A multi-stage turbine design with overall pressure ratio of 7.6 and overall loading AH/ U2 = 31.4 is described in the paper. A parametric study covering a range of mean diameters and number of stages was performed, in which the aim was to establish the trends of efficiency against weight. The final design has ten stages with a common hub diameter.


Abstract : This thesis examines the various privileges and immunities provisions upon which the United Nations is entitled to rely, with respect to its presence in the territory of a Member State of the Organization. It examines these provisions in the context of the United Nations peacekeeping operation in the Former Yugoslavia. The author concludes that host nations are not meeting their obligations, and that the United Nations is not meeting its obligation to enforce the privileges and immunities to which it is entitled. The author argues that the United Nations must enforce its privilege and immunity rights more vigorously; the Model Status of Forces Agreement adopted by the General Assembly in October 1990 must be rescinded; and steps must be taken to adopt a new more encompassing convention that will be a clear definition of host authority obligations in all circumstances, and will provide a mechanism for enforcing those obligations.


There should be a day when traditional energy sources be used up,so exploration of the reproducible energy sources is now becoming a new area of revolution in the world.Advocating and using reproducible energy in residential development projects is not only the key of sustainable development of real estate industry and development of recycling economy,but also inevitable choice of building well-off and harmonious society.This article analyzes the economical benefit of the use of reproducible energy sources in the residential development projects by the case of the Nanjing Qiyuan project in which the author taken part,such as the solar energy domestic hot water technology,solar energy photovoltaic and ground source heat pump system.The author believes that the use of reproducible energy will not only depress the cost consumedly,but also bring the great economical benefit and the long-term significance of demonstration.


about the 'warrior and citizen' theme, and almost nothing about the one exception which might have been said to prove the author's rule. It was precisely because poorer Athenians had a significant role as rowers, unlike those elsewhere, that Athens went further in the direction of democracy than any other ancient state. This was most strikingly shown in 411 BC, when it was the navy's opposition that brought to an end, after only four months, the one internal attempt to overthrow the democracy (see Thucydides 8.72-7 and 89ff.). To say merely that in Athens 'men of the fourth class formed the light infantry' (p. 8) is positively misleading. As for symbolism, again apart from scattered remarks, discussion seems to be confined to some 14 pages (74-81, 143-7 and 198-200), and much that could have been interesting is omitted. It was the Persian Wars, for example, that first evoked the very idea of 'Hellas', but where is Pindar's description of Artemision as 'the shining foundation of freedom'? Where is the Corinthian monument on Salamis, with its reference to 'holy Hellas'? Where is the 'Serpent Column' with its list of 'those who warred the war'? Or the Temple of Nike, or the Amazons, so often a 'symbol' for the Persians? Even some of the 'symbolism' which is included is taken out of context. For example, the fragment of Simonides about Tegea quoted on p. 78 probably refers to those who died in battle against the Spartans in the 470s (cf. Herodotus 9.35.2), not against the Persians. As a whole, then, the book represents something of a missed opportunity, which is a pity.


Since the first Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) was introduced in 2001 by Infineon, lots of technical advancements and studies related to this technology have been reported, but thermal studies have not been reported due to their thermal favorable through-silicone vias (TSVs). The constant advancements of Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) lead to reach the maximum capacity of the thermal solutions provided by TSVs. As a result, a few thermal solutions through the structural changes of a package have been reported recently. However, the approach via a thermal conductive encapsulant has not been introduced for large area molding applications.This thermal solution via the concept has been studied and developed in our lab recently. Especially, Liquid molding compounds (LMCs) have been focused on due to their manufacturing history and well-established processes for 3D, 2.5D, and FOWLP. The high thermal conductive LMCs for WLP are dissimilar and even more challenging than the conventional epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) in terms of the fundamental properties, the warpage, and the thermal conductivity (K) of high K encapsulants for WLP and the process standards of WLP.For the warpages of WLP, the cure temperature and the degree of cure have been adjusted. The reduction of cure temperature and the degree of cure lowers the thermal shrinkage and modulus of LMCs respectively. It is able to meet the requirements of warpages in WLP steps. Next, the key challenge of these compounds is to load the maximum amount of high thermal conductive fillers into the system because heat dissipates mainly through high K fillers, a higher heat conductive material. The conventional high thermal conductive materials can load fillers up to 95 wt% and easily surpass 7 W/mK according to the recent experimental reports. Unlike these conventional materials, the development of high K LMCs for WLP are not easily achieved because the fundamental properties, warpage, and thermal conductivity have to be met at the same time. Along with these, other qualifications, including workability, reliability, and properties, must be satisfied with the process standards of wafer level packaging. Detailed experiment procedure, data, test results of this compound will be presented here.


The authors report the case of a 26 years old woman with a medical history of three late fetal loss (between 20 to 22 weeks) who benefit in her actual pregnancy a recue cervical cerclage at 20 weeks of gestation. It allowed the continuation of the pregnancy until 38 weeks after elective suture removal at 36SA. The patient give birth by natural delivery to a baby girl in good condition. Prophylactic cerclage was recommended to the patient in later pregnancies. Through this case and based on recent literature reviews, the authors discuss the indications, contraindications, technical aspects and prognosis of rescue cervical cerclage.


To improve seismic calibration for nuclear explosion monitoring, we use 3D sensitivity kernels of finite-frequency body and surface waves to develop models of the crustal and mantle structures beneath eastern Eurasia. We have collected and processed available broadband data from both permanent stations and temporary networks in eastern Eurasia. We obtained a regional P-wave velocity model for the mantle structures down to 1,500 km beneath the eastern Eurasia. We also carried out a detailed study of the P- and S-wave velocity structures in southeastern Tibet, which led to some interesting geological findings. Our P- and S-wave velocity models reveal a low-velocity anomaly in the crust and upper mantle to ~ 300 km depth beneath a north-south-trending rift zone in southeastern Tibet. This low-velocity anomaly is situated above a tabular, high-dipping-angle, high-velocity anomaly that extends into the upper-mantle transition zone. These results are evidence for the delamination of the mantle lithosphere and its causal relationship to the formation of the north-south trending rift in southeastern Tibet. In order to improve models at shallow depths, we apply the finite-frequency methodology to the surface wave tomography using the ambient seismic noise. Unlike previous studies that calculated the dispersion curves from the estimated Green's functions to solve for phase or group velocity maps, we have developed a new approach using the 3D finite-frequency sensitivity kernels for the Green's functions. We have collected continuous data for stations in southeastern Tibet and computed the cross-correlations between all possible pairs of components from two stations. We constructed 3D sensitivity kernels for the estimated Green's functions derived from the cross-correlation of ambient noise, taking into account the effects of the surface topography. We will carry out a joint inversion of finitefrequency S-waves and estimated Green's functions, which are dominated by surface waves to resolve both the crustal and upper mantle structures.


Based on the briquette specimens of the outburst coal seam #7 of typical coal and gas outburst mine of Datong a mine of Songzao Coal and Electricity Co.,Ltd.,the experiment of outburst coal′s gas seepage was carried out under fixed axial and confining pressures but changeable gas pressure by a self-developed triaxial permeameter. The experimental results are as follows. The gas seepage velocity of outburst coal samples increase with the increase of gas pressure under fixed axial and confining pressures. And the relationship between gas seepage velocity of outburst coal samples and gas pressure can be described as power function. The increasing rates of pressure gradient of two sides of outburst coal decrease with the increase of gas pressure and reach to zero at last. The increasing rate of the gas seepage velocity of outburst coal samples was decreasing with the increase of gas pressure and reaches to a constant value at last. The experimental results are of great significance in improving the efficiency of gas extraction.


MEDICAL effort first arose from human sympathy. The friends and comrades of the sick and injured began the work, and the continuation of human suffering has constantly supplied material for those whose special fitness or generous impulses have called to this field of labor. Year upon year, and age upon age, those who have preceded us have earnestly and faithfully pursued this labor of love and mercy, gathering truth and wisdom to furnish the wonderful storehouse of knowledge to which we of today have access. Do we appreciate our opportunities, or realise our responsibilities? Are we, each of us, doing our full duty to alleviate human suffering and add something to the sum total of medical knowledge to be left to our successors? True, we can not all lay claim to the genius which makes men inventors, but we may be able to detect errors, or bring together and put into useful form, and help assign their proper place, the discoveries of others, and thereby become only a little less useful than the discovers themselves, who often lack time, and frequently the ability to put into practical form their own inventions. A great mistake made by many is to seek reputation at whatever cost. Now, a man may acquire a reputation, good or bad, dependent largely upon the influence, energies and volubility of his friends or enemies, but this is not success, neither is it the road to success. The first requisite of true success is character, that wonderful structure of our own building, that quality by which we remember men when they are gone. It has been said of Gladstone "He gave us many gifts, but the most precious, and the most enduring, was himself—his character,'' and of his life; "he lived and labored with God before his eyes, and made a conscience of what he did.'' Our profession requires of us knowledge, skill and devotion, and the first and highest aim of the physician should be to establish character. Surrounded as we are by ignorance and deception, false ideas of life and its purposes, compelled, as some of us are, to work, to plan and to economise, there are many temptations which tend to draw us from the straight and narrow way. The desire for worldy applause, the constant endeavor to surpass, the haste to acquire fame or fortune, are full of snares, but let us look these matters square in the face, and meet them bravely, as we would a contagious disease.


Several budgeting approaches have been initiated as alternatives to the traditional, incremental process. These include formula budgeting; zero-base budgeting; planning, programming, and budgeting systems; and responsibility center budgeting. Each is premised on assumptions about how organizations might best make resource allocation decisions. Though the incremental approach remains dominant, experience with the alternative approaches suggests key questions that can guide the work of community college budget developers.


Thesis submitted to the Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology.


In Christian art there are scenes in the life cycle s of the Virgin Mary and Jesus that, though familiar and known, possess an iconographic content that does not respond strictly to the canonical Gospel accounts. Engendered in the bosom of the Church, they also derived from apocryphal stories and legends and oral traditions. In this context, this paper will examine different ways of representing the Holy Family trips during t he period between the V and XV, seeking to explain the popularity of such scenes.


A novel side‐coupled 45° Schiffman phase shifter for 2.2‐GHz applications is presented with measurement results. The proposed phase shifter on a Teflon substrate is fabricated in a smaller area and more cost‐effective way, as compared to the conventional Schiffman phase shifter. In addition, the phase shifter seems very promising and useful, particularly for future 2.2‐GHz wireless applications and beyond. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 147–150, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10999


One of the major factors that influence proper management of asthma is patient's education. Prior knowledge of etiology, usage of medication regarding asthma is a necessity for better patient compliance. Evaluation of knowledge of diseases and attitude is very important for the patient's wellbeing, which hinders asthma complication and also synergises health improvement. Data regarding disease knowledge and drug adherence for occupational asthma is negligible in India. Hence the evaluation of knowledge of garment induced bronchial asthma amongst textile workers which was conducted in a few textile industries adds in to the data. In reference to this regard, patient required information had been taken from 857 patients with a response rate of 96%. Majority of the participants were between 30-60 years of age. Ratio of male and female was found to be 39.08% (334) and 61.02 % (523) respectively. The participants received a score value of 20 and 15 for disease knowledge and attitude towards asthma respectively. Therefore present clinical study concluded that patients lack the knowledge and medication adherence which also induces misunderstanding in management of disease condition precisely in patients suffering from occupational asthma.


Abstract An inverse mosaic method, a geometric mapping for a triangular element followed by mesh smoothing, has been proposed. The main difference between this and the original geometric mapping method lies in the type of element by which the final deformed shape is defined. In fact, the quadrilateral element is less dexterous than the triangular element for a description of surface shape, and describable surface shape using only the quadrilateral element is quite limited. Because of this problem, original geometrical mapping has limited applications to relatively simple shapes. Since the present inverse mosaic method is based on the triangular element, the method is applicable to most surfaces regardless of the complexity of the shape. Moreover, polygons can be divided into several pieces of triangles; the method can be applied to the finite element mesh system generated by a mesh generator, where quadrilateral elements and triangular elements are mixed together. Accuracy and dependence on the order of determination are also significant problems. In the inverse mosaic method, the accuracy has been improved markedly through smoothing after mapping, sufficient for it to be used for the actual problems, e.g. trim-line design. In spite of these marked improvements, the accuracy is basically limited, especially when the involved deformation mode is mainly by drawing or stretching, rather than bending, since deformation behaviour has not been accounted for. In general, the accuracy of an iterative scheme is better than the retromarching scheme, e.g. geometric mapping for optimal blank design; however, the method requires an initial guess to start the iterative sequence. Both the accuracy and the initial guess generation have been solved by combining the present inverse mosaic method and the radius vector method, a kind of iterative method. The efficiency has been verified through deep-drawing examples.


Over the entire temperature range that leads to low from high temperature, intended to provide a steel and air preheater with which the heat transfer element with excellent resistance to sulfuric acid dew point corrosion, C mass%: ≦ 0.20%, Si : 1.2~3.5%, Cu: 0.05~1.0%, Sb: 0.03~0.30%, Mn: ≦ 1.0%, P: ≦ 0.05%, S ≦ 0.05%, containing Al ≦ 0.10% the balance being incidental ingredients and / or steel excellent in resistance to sulfuric acid dew point corrosion of Fe including inevitable impurities. Furthermore, Cr: ≦ 1.0%, Mo: ≦ 1.0%, Ni: ≦ 0.5%, Nb: ≦ 0.1%, V: ≦ 0.1%, Ti: ≦ 0.1%, sn: ≦ 0.01~0.2%, B: containing one or more from 0.0005 to 0.010%.


A novel method used to count and locate multi-moving objects in thermal sequences is proposed in this paper. At first, convex points of objects boundary are detected. Thermal and position information of human shape are used to weight the coefficients of vertical projection histogram. Potential function clustering method is used to determinate the number of apex in the histogram and to locate the position of apex. Conves points and apex of histogram are chosen to determinate the number and the position of moving object heads. Experimental results show that our method is effective and feasible to count and locate the moving objects in thermal sequences.


A transfusion of donor red blood cells can be life saving In individuals with massive blood loss due to an accident or surgery or in individuals with constitutive anemia due to a defect in erythropoiesis. Donor blood can, however, not be simply transfused to every patient. When a recipient of a red blood cell transfusion has an antibody to a blood group antigen present on the surface of the transfused donor red blood cells, the recipient's immune system can destroy all donor red blood cells resulting in a sometimes fatal transfusion reaction. Consequently, it is very important to transfuse compatible donor red blood cells. At this moment blood group antigen status is determined via serology, but serology is sometimes inconvenient or not possible. Genotyping of blood group antigens can replace serology. To correctly genotype blood group antigen status the genetic basis of a blood group and the effect of genetic variation in blood group alleles must be known. We determined that negativity of the Vel blood group is caused by a deletion in the SMIM1 gene. Furthermore, we determined the quantitative and qualitative effect of genetic variation on antigen expression of the RhD, Kidd, JRA, LAN and Vel blood group systems. Finally, the developed blood group genotyping assay can correctly determine the status of almost all blood group antigens. In conclusion, when genotyping of blood group antigens replaces serology blood transfusions can be better adjusted between donor and recipient and the amount of (fatal) transfusion reactions will be further diminished.


Botanical illustration - coloured - Delosperma testaceum (Haw.) Schwantes. Dissected drawing of flower included plus attached capsule. Bolus Herbarium 17046. Hort. N.S.Pillans.


We examine the Lyα absorber population at z < 0.3 detected in spectra of the QSOs PG0953+415 and H1821+643 taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We compare their statistical properties to those in carefully-constructed mock quasar spectra drawn from a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of a ΛCDM universe. We find very good agreement in the column density and b-parameter distributions, down to the smallest observable absorbers with NHI ≈ 10 cm. The observed absorber population is complete for NHI & 10 cm, with a column density distribution slope of β = 2.04 ± 0.23 and a median b-parameter of 21 km/s above this limit. The intergalactic gas giving rise to these weak absorbers is analogous to that at high redshift, located in diffuse large-scale structures that are highly photoionized by the metagalactic UV flux, though a greater number arise within shockheated warm gas. The density, temperature, and column density of these absorbers follow similar relationships to those at high redshift, though with substantially larger scatter due to the shockheated gas. The b-parameters typically have a significant contribution from thermal broadening, which facilitates a measurement of the low-z IGM temperature as traced by Lyα absorbers. From our simulation we estimate TIGM ∼ 5000 K, with an upper limit of 10 4 K, at the mean density. The agreement in predicted and observed amplitude of the column density distributions allows us to measure the H I photoionization rate at z̄ = 0.17 to be ΓHI = 10 s (estimated modeling uncertainty), close to predictions based on quasar properties. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — cosmology: theory — intergalactic medium — quasars: absorption lines — quasars: individual (PG0953+415,H1821+643)


Advances in gas treatment technologies over the past ten to 20 years have widened the range of economically recoverable gas sources


Inflammation is associated with symptoms of anhedonia, a core feature of major depression (MD). We have shown that MD patients with high inflammation as measured by plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and anhedonia display gene signatures of metabolic reprograming (e.g., shift to glycolysis) necessary to sustain cellular immune activation. To gain preliminary insight into the immune cell subsets and transcriptomic signatures that underlie increased inflammation and its relationship with behavior in MD at the single-cell (sc) level, herein we conducted scRNA-Seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a subset of medically-stable, unmedicated MD outpatients. Three MD patients with high CRP (>3mg/L) before and two weeks after anti-inflammatory challenge with the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab and three patients with low CRP (  3mg/L) were studied. Cell clusters were identified using a Single Cell Wizard pipeline, followed by pathway analysis. CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes were more abundant in MD patients with high CRP and were reduced by 29% and 55% respectively after infliximab treatment. Within CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes, genes upregulated in high CRP patients were enriched for inflammatory (phagocytosis, complement, leukocyte migration) and immunometabolic (hypoxia-inducible factor [HIF]-1, aerobic glycolysis) pathways. Shifts in CD4+ T cell subsets included ~30% and ~10% lower abundance of CD4+ central memory (T CM ) and naïve cells and ~50% increase in effector memory-like (T EM-like ) cells in high versus low CRP patients. T CM cells of high CRP patients displayed downregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, a main energy source in this cell type. Following infliximab, changes in the number of CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T EM-like cells predicted improvements in anhedonia scores (r=1.0, p<0.001). In sum, monocytes and CD4+ T cells from MD patients with increased inflammation exhibited immunometabolic reprograming in association with symptoms of anhedonia. These findings are the first step toward determining the cellular and molecular immune pathways associated with inflammatory phenotypes in which may lead to novel immunomodulatory treatments of psychiatric illnesses with increased inflammation. specific expression differences. Results indicate that peripheral blood immune cells from MD patients exhibit increased activation of signaling pathways related to inflammation and innate immune responses including pathways enriched for IL-6, Type I IFN, and the TNF receptor gene as well as accelerated aging. 79-87 Moreover, consistent with the impact of inflammation on neurocircuits involving subcortical nuclei, gene networks interconnecting TNF and NF-kB have been linked with the morphology of the caudate. 31 Finally, a study in women with postpartum depression identified gene pathways in depressed subjects associated with bioenergetics including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in conjunction with pathways related to TLR signaling and cytokine/cytokine receptor interactions. 88 These latter two findings are consistent with our previous results in bulk PBMCs in MD patients indicating that canonical inflammatory signaling pathways including TNF, TLRs and NF-kB as well as metabolic pathways involving insulin signaling, glycolysis and lipid metabolism are associated with anhedonia and psychomotor slowing, as well as both fMRI FC between both ventral and dorsal striatum (respectively) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the behavioral response to the TNF antagonist infliximab. 20,89-92 For example, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to insulin signaling, insulin resistance, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1 alpha) signaling and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (also referred to as Akt) signaling pathway were significantly associated with anhedonia as well as psychomotor slowing in MD patients with high inflammation. 90,92 Taken together, these data indicate that, in addition to canonical activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, there is molecular activation of pathways associated with metabolism involving insulin signaling, glycolysis and lipid metabolism under aerobic conditions that reflect the immunometabolic shifts that have been shown to occur in activated immune cells and represent a "Warburg" effect. anhedonia infliximab associated with reduction in the CD14+ monocyte cell population as well as the T EM-like cell population. These findings are the first step toward determining the cellular and molecular immune pathways and networks associated with high inflammation in MD, as well as those that are impacted by inhibition of TNF by infliximab in relation to brain and behavioral responses. Future analyses in a larger sample may lead to identification of new immunomodulatory targets and biomarkers for treatments that may have greater specificity and efficacy (and therefore safety) than available anti-inflammatory therapies including cytokine antagonists that carry a high risk of infection, exacerbation of demyelinating conditions and the possibility of cancer. the shared and the distinct cytotoxic hallmarks of human


Shanghai Jin Mao Building with a height of 420.5m is at present the tallest building in China and the third tallest in the world.Wind load plays the most important role in the structural design of this building.High-frequency-force-balance technique is widely used for studies on wind-resistant design of tall buildings,and is also used in the present study.The dynamic responses and equivalent wind loads of the Jin Mao Building are obtained based on the experimental results.They are finally compared with the dynamic responses of the building from other research sources.


In order to solve the problem of large-scale multimedia content delivery, we present Multimedia Content Delivery Network (MM-CDN). For providing multimedia services with high quality in MM-CDN, the traditional request routing approaches in CDN face two key challenges, namely performance and cost. To balance the tradeoff between performance and cost in MM-CDN, we propose an improved request routing approach. First, based on the idea of network coordinates, the computation and transfer costs of different server clusters are computed depending on the network and server status change. Then, all the server clusters are reorganized in the coordinate space. Finally, user requests can be adaptively redirected to the server clusters with minimum cost without sacrificing performance. Computational results show that the effectiveness of our approach with acceptable time performance.


e13505 Background: The cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in both cancer initiation and relapse as they are resistant to most of cytotoxic agents and able to proliferate indefinitely. The recent identification of CSCs in multiple human cancers provides a new inroad to understanding tumorigenesis at the cellular level. Oxymatrine is an alkaloid compound found in plants that display anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. And also has been demonstrated to have the anti-tumor effects. Since to date, very few treatments have targeted cancer stem-like cells, so the detection of CSCs in breast cancer leads us to investigate whether oxymatrine might affect the CSCs specifically.

METHODS
Cytotoxicity and cancer stem-like cells (side population, SP) identification and sorting were performed. Inhibitory effect was evaluated on the sorted SP and non-SP cells. At the same time, β-catenin, phosphorylated β-catenin, c-myc and cyclinD1 were also detected by fluorescence microscope, FACS, Western blot and fluorescence quantitative PCR among oxymatrine treated MCF-7 and the control one. Cisplatin was the positive control drug of these experiments.

RESULTS
SP cells were identified with percentage (3-5%) in MCF-7 cells. Oxymatrine caused a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and a decrease in SP cells relative to untreated controls. As compared to non-SP cells, inhibitory effect in the SP cells was higher. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also examined by analyzing the expression of totalβ-catenin and phosphorylatedβ-catenin in cytoplasm, oxymatrine treatment was associated with an inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway relative to untreated controls.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the growth inhibitory effects of oxymatrine treatment on MCF-7 cells may be partly via effects on SP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further work is warranted to explore whether oxymatrine may be a useful novel therapeutic drug for targeting breast CSCs.


This paper introduces a new concept on sub-wavelength resolution imaging and surface scanning using metamaterial based near field sensor array. Multiple split ring resonator structures (SRRs), having different band stop frequencies, are implemented in a microstrip transmission line configuration. A mirror image copy of these resonators is also incorporated on the transmission line to achieve built in frequency references. A smart card is scanned to detect buried antenna and Si chip within the plastic card.


Background:Epidemiological studies have found that 7-13% of adults have FVC values Aims:the objective of this study is to evaluate predictors of restrictive pattern, including several potential occupational risk factors. Methods:A general population sample of 3645 subjects was selected from the population register in Goteborg, Sweden.Restrictive pattern was defined as having FVC values Results:71 subjects (2%) had a restrictive ventilatory defect. Risk factors for a restrictive pattern were male gender, BMI, low birth weight, being non-swedish born.Among subjects overweight, alongside the before mentioned risk factors, occupational exposure to textile fibres and leather dust was associated with a restrictive pattern (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.05-11). Conclusions: A restrictive ventilatory defect in spirometry is not a common finding.In our study overweight blue-collar workers, exposed to textile and leather dust, are at higher risk of restricitive pattern.This interesting finding needs to be confirmed in studies considering also lung volumes.


The force of gravity is one of the four fundamental interactions in physics. Gravity is part of general relativity, while the remainder (electromagnetism and weak and strong nuclear force) are described by the Standard Model of particle physics. A multitude of hypotheses attempt to reconcile these two distinct models, but remain unproven so far. Meanwhile, indications of the existence of dark matter and dark energy also warrant further investigation. One popular approach for extending the Standard Model is to introduce small modifications to Newtonian gravity at different scales. In the quest of examining Newton's law from microscopic to cosmological distances, the qBounce experiment is in a unique position to observe interactions at the micrometer scale using the novel concept of gravity resonance spectroscopy. In the Ramsey-like setup, state transitions of the probe particles are induced by mechanically vibrating sections of the flight path. Neutrons are used as probe particles due to their vanishingly small electrical charge and low electric susceptibility. In particular, ultra-cold neutrons (UCNs) are used, which undergo total reflection at any angle due to their low kinetic energy, thus "bouncing" through the experimental setup. When exposed to the earth's gravity potential, the UCNs form bound energy states as they pass over the five mirror stages. The eigen energies of the quantum bouncers on the vertical scale are determined by the Fermi potential of the mirror and the linear gravity potential. It is thus critical for the accuracy of the experiment to establish reliable mirror control so as to avoid unwanted state transitions. As such it is necessary to align the edges of the mirrors to each other to minimize vertical gaps and obtain surface maps of the mirrors in order to further improve measurement accuracy. The main objective of this work is to build and characterize a prototype measurement solution that is capable of resolving mirror surface geometry with nanometer precision. This entails the problem of establishing a stable reference for use as coordinate zero. Existing designs have used a mechanical surface as reference, which results in duplication of any surface defects the reference may have during the measurement process. With the desire to further increase sensitivity of the qBounce experiment, the existing solution cannot keep up in terms of accuracy. The proposed new surface measurement system uses a laser-based position hold system so as to provide a physically perfect reference plane. Using a basic version of this technique in a prototype, an accuracy of 192 nm RMS is reached, with the next iterations of this system aiming to improve this figure to below 10 nm. In order to increase the performance of the prototype system, external disturbances like seismic and electronic noise, temperature effects and properties of the signal-processing setup are characterized in detail. As a demonstration, surface elevation maps of a mirror are recorded with two different interferometric measurement devices. In another test, a fiber interferometer is shown as an effective means of calibrating the steps between the mirror stages. Finally, these characterizations are used to make recommendations for the upcoming iteration of the surface measurement appliance.


Relaxed real time services that do not provide guaranteed loss rates or delay bounds are of considerable interest in the Internet, since these services can achieve higher utilization than hard real time services while still providing adequate service to adaptive real-time applications. Achieving this higher level of utilization depends on an admission control algorithm that does not rely on worst-case bounds to guide its admission decisions. Measurement-based admission control is one such approach, and several measurement-based admission control algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we use simulations to compare the performance of several of these algorithms. We find that all of them achieve nearly the same utilization for a given packet loss rate, and that none of them are capable of accurately meeting loss targets.


College students usually exhibit an irregular sleep-wake cycle characterized by great phase delays on weekends and short sleep length on weekdays. As the temporal organization of social activities is an important synchronizer of human biological rhythms, we investigated the role played by study's schedules and work on the sleep-wake cycle. Three groups of female college students were investigated: (1) no-job morning group, (2) no-job evening group, (3) job evening group. The volunteers answered a sleep questionnaire in the classroom. The effects of day of the week and group on the sleep schedules and sleep length were analyzed by a two way ANOVA for repeated measures. The three groups showed delays in the wake up time on weekends. No-job evening and morning groups also delayed bedtime, but the job evening group slept at the same time on weekdays as on weekends. Sleep length increased on weekends for morning group and job evening group, whereas the no-job evening group maintained the amount of sleep from w...


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Molded body manufacturing apparatus, the release agent application mechanism, prior to the filling of the molding material into the cavity, with the upper punch is positioned above the upper end opening of the cavity, toward the upper punch surface release agent by injecting, with releasing agent is coated on the upper punch surface, with the lower punch surface is positioned lower than the upper end opening surface in the cavity, a release agent toward the lower punch surface injection it allows applying respectively a release agent on the inner peripheral surface of the cavity exposed to the upper side of the lower punch surface and the lower punch surface that. Therefore, the upper punch surface, the sticking of the molding material to the inner circumferential surface of the lower punch surface and the cavity is prevented.


This work considers the two-dimensional Allen-Cahn equation $$ \partial_t u = \frac{1}{2}\Delta u + \mathfrak{m}\, u -u^3\;, \quad u(0,x)= \eta (x)\;, \qquad \forall (t,x) \in [0, \infty) \times \mathbb{R}^{2} \;, $$ where the initial condition $ \eta $ is a two-dimensional white noise, which lies in the scaling critical space of initial data to the equation. In a weak coupling scaling, we establish a Gaussian limit with nontrivial size of fluctuations, thus casting the nonlinearity as marginally relevant. The result builds on a precise analysis of the Wild expansion of the solution and an understanding of the underlying stochastic and combinatorial structure. This gives rise to a representation for the limiting variance in terms of Butcher series associated to the solution of an ordinary differential equation.