The purpose of this paper is, first, to point out the fact that there is a considerable amount of disagreement between scholar's definition about word in Korean and the general public's understanding about word, who are engaged in Korean language teaching in general, and second to try to theoretically revise the definition of word on a realistic basis. To put concretely, this paper claims that the current 9 parts-of-speech system must be revised on the grounds of ones as follows. First, the current 9 parts-of-speech are chosen based on misguided word functions. Second, there are no clear-cut standpoints available about the basic syntactic unit. The morphological criterion such as the minimal meaningful unit can no longer hold itself for the syntactic criterion. Syntactic criterion must be chosen strictly only by syntactic functions, not by morphological units. Third, phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, orthographic, and vocabulary words are all different. They are not interchangeable. Fourth, in a language like Korean being one of agglutinative language, the vocabulary word and syntactic word corresponds one to one in principle. Therefore, the existence of inflectional suffixes in Korean cannot be approved, which can only be approved on the ground of not being in correspondence between vocabulary and syntactic word. Fifth, the so called conjugated body (e.g., mek-ess-ta) is not a syntactic word, but an orthographic word. And the orthographic word is not a member of syntactic units. Therefore, it is morphology where the orthographic words are formed not in syntax. Based on the aforementioned, I would claim that the current 9 parts-of-speech must be revised as follows; -the current 9 parts-of-speech: noun, pronoun, numeral, pre-noun, adverb, interjection, josa, verb, adjective -to be eliminated: pronoun, numeral, adjective -to be added: ending, idiom, collocation, light-verb-construction, temporary-word-construction, temporary-idiom-construction.


A novel regression model is developed to estimate the monthly global solar irradiance in Malaysia. The model is developed based on different available meteorological parameters, including temperature, cloud cover, rain precipitate, relative humidity, wind speed, pressure, and gust speed, by implementing regression analysis. This paper reports on the details of the analysis of the effect of each prediction parameter to identify the parameters that are relevant to estimating global solar irradiance. In addition, the proposed model is compared in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), and the coefficient of determination () with other models available from literature studies. Seven models based on single parameters (PM1 to PM7) and five multiple-parameter models (PM7 to PM12) are proposed. The new models perform well, with RMSE ranging from 0.429% to 1.774%, ranging from 0.942 to 0.992, and MBE ranging from −0.1571% to 0.6025%. In general, cloud cover significantly affects the estimation of global solar irradiance. However, cloud cover in Malaysia lacks sufficient influence when included into multiple-parameter models although it performs fairly well in single-parameter prediction models.


With the fast development of global economy, the debate between "invitation" and "Going abroad" becomes hot. According to the benign circumstance, we have a research into the space and future of the investment abroad in this paper, which has a direct significance to some extent to the foreign investment of the enterprises in China.


This paper describes the mechanical properties of hemispherical-grained (HSG) polysilicon. While HSG polysilicon can be fabricated in a manner similar to conventional LPCVD, it has mechanical properties and a morphology that are very different from those of conventional polysilicon and amorphous silicon: tensile stress built in an as-deposited film and large roughness located on the surface. The formation of HSG occurs on the amorphous surface, although polycrystallization due to annealing usually occurs on the silicon-to-dioxide interface surface.


This paper explores the noise characteristics of a 20 x 64 element cryo-SiCMOS multiplexed FPA readout of the switched MOSFET type over the temperature range 8-30 K. Both subtractive double sampling and correlated double sampling techniques were used to probe the multiplexer's output waveform during static and dynamic operation. The rms noise was observed to be a weak, decreasing function of temperature over the ranges 8-19 K and 24-30 K, while the apparent noise was excessively high in the region 19-24 K, owing to a device instability that is attributed to a fundamental property of silicon-based cryo-MOSFETs.


Background: Eclampsia, a common medical emergency of pregnancy mainly seen in 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of eclampsia on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 clinically diagnosed women with eclampsia in their third trimester of pregnancy. Inclusion criteria for the study was; females with singleton pregnancy, all in the third trimester which were diagnosed to have PIH based on the development of hypertension for the first time, proteinuria with or without edema, with no history of previous urinary tract troubles and no evidence of UTI.Results: Almost 84.0% participants were belonged to age group of 20 to 30 years age, 54.0% were belonged to rural area and 92.0% were belonged to lower socio-economical class, 88.0%% participants were registered as emergency case, 34.0% participants were stayed more than 10 days at hospital and 36.0% were completed ANC visit. Almost 24.0% participants were anemic, 6.0% pre-eclampsic and 4.0% have tween pregnancy. Severe hypertension at the time of admission were noted in 50.0% participants followed by absent knee jerk (12.0%), proteinuria (78.0%) and edema (62.0%) respectively. Maternal mortality and still birth observed in 2.0% and 18.0% cases respectively.Conclusions: Early age, lower socio-economic class, anemia, less ANC clinic visit, higher hospital stay and primigravida observed more among study participants and these factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eclampsia.


Introduction. In the system of pedagogical education, the training of professionals is possible at several levels, but the logic, concept, and basis of training should be unified and pass through all levels of education, but the normative legal acts underlying each level are mostly not synchronized with each other. Overcoming the existing contradictions is seen through the implementation of an axiological approach in education, in which value orientations should determine the meaning and content of education. The hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that there are significant differences in the values of pupils studying at different levels of pedagogical education. To overcome the existing gap, the training of future teachers should be based on common value guidelines and educational results.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the work is to determine the value orientations of pedagogical activity from the point of view of the students of the pedagogical college and students of the pedagogical university. Sample: 400 people participated in the online study: 147 students of the pedagogical college and 253 students of the pedagogical university. Methods: the author's methodology is a questionnaire of values laid down by educational and professional standards. The structure of the methodology consists of three lists of values (relation, qualities, knowledge), reflecting the value orientations associated with the target objects – the child, the educational environment and the teaching profession.Results. Students of both levels of pedagogical education at the top of the subjective rating of values have the professional activity of a teacher for society. Otherwise, both groups of study participants have all the values expressed equally, but they put different personal meaning into them. For college students, the methodological literacy of a specialist is in the first place, the instrumental basis of the profession, which is expressed in the main thing – the teaching methodology and the possession of various methods and methods of teaching. And university students are more focused on the areas of "educational environment" and "profession".Discussion and Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the following problems: a low level of subjectivity of the child and the development of the student's personal potential for the future teacher. The solution to these problems is seen in ensuring the equivalent translation of values belonging to the category "child-environment-profession" and "qualities-relations-knowledge". The diagnosed value gaps must be leveled by combining the requirements and results laid down by educational standards and implemented in learning technologies.


Two principles of good teaching are encouraging active learning and
emphasizing time on task. Three logically distinct components, ability,
inclination, and sensitivity have been identified as necessary for dispositional
behaviour towards critical thinking. Not all students do possess all three, and
some may lack the discipline-sensitive imagination to develop their own
activities for their learning: this is where technology helps us devise welldesigned
exercises. Furthermore access to activities that students enjoy
interacting with should encourage them to spend more time with the
material, hence increasing 'time on task' in a productive way. An on line site
was developed a couple of years ago in the unit Clinical Physiology. The site
has now been evaluated by questionnaires given to students. Results show
that access and navigation are satisfactory, but there was poor use of the few
interactive activities. The resources were perceived as useful to the learning.
Students' assessment in the unit is based on the discussion of case studies;
answers in examination have reflected mostly a surface approach learning:
facts, but no development of reasoning in the answers.
The results of the evaluation of the on line site and the examinations answers
motivated us to further develop the on line site with the aim of encouraging
active learning and time-on-task. Using interactive activities that are
interesting and enjoyable can help students develop inclination and
sensitivity in the thinking of the discipline.


Edge routers are one of the key elements in an optical burst switched (OBS) network. Packets are assembled into bursts and then disassembled after being switched through the network. In a span-constrained OBS network, the edge router latency dominates propagation delay through the network. Consequently, the analysis of the edge router latency under different input traffic conditions and for different edge router parameters is essential for achieving an optimized network performance. In this paper, we present a framework to model and analyze in detail the performance of an edge router for span constrained networks under varying traffic utilizations, traffic statistics and burst assembly parameters. Two burst assembly algorithms are presented, and their impact on burst size and assembly time is studied for fixed and variable-size packets. We identify three distinct regions of edge router operation as a function of the input traffic statistics and burst assembly parameters. This enabled us to better understand the behavior of edge router latency under different input traffic conditions. The results of the analysis are then used to formulate design principles for the edge router. The impact of traffic self-similarity in each of these regions of operation was also analyzed. It is shown that self-similar traffic affects the variance of the burst size and assembly time, but does not impact overall edge router latency.


Second screening is widespread worldwide, particularly in younger populations. We analyze a survey of college students in Brazil and the United States to compare second screening frequency, types, platforms, and motivations between the two countries. Despite lower Internet penetration, Brazilians second screen significantly more than Americans, a result of the country's tradition of interacting with producers of television. In both countries, those who use the interactive affordances of social media are more likely to second screen. As such, we posit this unique audience-driven act works to bridge Web-connected devices and television to create a converged atmosphere.


Two chemically active spheres in an infinite medium, one a zeroth-order reactant source and the other a first-order sink, are considered for various sphere size ratios, center-to-center distances, and sink strengths from chemical to diffusion controlled conditions. This source–sink model simulates some aspects of biological mutualism interactions between different cells. Infinite series expansions in a single index n are obtained for the sink reaction rate and reactant concentration profiles using the bispherical expansion. Each of the coefficients, generated exactly by a matrix elimination method, is expressed in terms of nested, continued fractions easily evaluated for the given n. At intermediate and larger sink–source separation distances the sink reaction rate decays harmonically. For smaller sink–source separations with a highly reactive small sink, a local maximum in the sink reaction rate is found.


In the background of the Belt and Road, China get more opportunities to export surplus labors to other countries. However, there are many issues about labor exporting management and administration. As the biggest labor exporting country around the world, the Philippines has exported labors since 1960s, and it has rich experience about how to manage and assistant labor exporting. Therefore, this paper will research and analysis the Philippines labor exporting experience, and then it will give suggestions to solve relevant current issues. Key Words—the Belt and Road; labor exporting; current issues; The Revelation


The neonate is a relatively immunocompromised host. Deficiencies in both the neutrophilmacrophage phagocytic system and antibodymediated immunity contribute to the risk for bacterial sepsis, a life-threatening condition with a 20% to 75% mortality rate. 1-3 Previous studies have suggested the benefit of granulocyte transfusions and intravenous gamma globulin in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. 4,5 Recently, success using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for chemotherapy-induced and congenital neutropenia 6 has led to investigations using this hematopoietic cytokine during neonatal sepsis. Data from neonatal rat models demonstrate the effectiveness of rhG-CSF therapy during experimental sepsis. 7-9 Results of preliminary biological studies of the efficacy and toxicity of rhG-CSF in human neonatal sepsis also appear favorable. 10 We describe a premature neonate with Escherichia coli sepsis and neutropenia who was given rhG-CSF and responded with an increased neutrophil count and rapid resolution of sepsis. Patient Report. A 1580-g male infant was


The invention provides a heat treatment method for reducing the yield ratio of a 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN turbine blade. The heat treatment method comprises the following steps that 1, solid solution treatmentis carried out, wherein the 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN turbine blade is subjected to heat treatment, and then is cooled to the room temperature; 2, primary tempering heat treatment is carried out, wherein the 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN turbine blade subjected to the solid solution treatment in the step 1 is subjected to the primary tempering treatment, and then is cooled to the room temperature; and 3, secondary tempering treatment is carried out, wherein the 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN turbine blade subjected to the primary tempering treatment in the step 2 is subjected to the secondary tempering heat treatment, and then iscooled to the room temperature. According to the heat treatment method for reducing the yield ratio of the 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN turbine blade, the yield ratio is reduced, and the phenomena of blade reworking and even scrapping caused by the slightly higher yield ratio are effectively avoided.


Starting from the Great War, fracture of historic course, watershed of contemporary culture and beginning point in the process of shifting the center of the world, the article reflects on currency of Indian Subaltern Studies. In particular, in the cultural debate on postcoloniality, it focuses on the contribution of Dipesh Chakrabarty in proving that the pattern of a euro-centric and patriarchal universal History, originated in Europe with the primacy of its modernity, must necessarily give space to the subaltern voices emerging from the suburbs of the globe (Provincializing Europe), by an adequate methodology that recoveries them in terms of historical and cultural reconstruction. Then it emerges the work of feminist scholar Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak on the gender subalternity, neglected issue in the official Indian historiography. Spivak locates in literature useful source through which to make the history more closely at what happened, notwithstanding the possibility that subalterns have had to express themselves, and she also shows, in the Indian postcolonial context, that different forms of minority, from ethnicity to caste, embodied in the condition of the female gender, intertwine in the figure of the woman, subaltern subject par excellence. This is the case of the tribal women of Bengal, to which, however, the Indian writer Mahasweta Devi can give a significant voice.


The frame of a single day is used to reveal the multiple ways in which parents move between and among the genres of digital parenting within the day. Through negotiating the now-mediated activities of getting up, homework, family time, and bedtime, parents articulate their values not only about digital technologies but also, importantly, about family life. The authors contrast public policy that, problematically, exhorts parents to police their children's "screen time" with parents' efforts to sustain a more democratic mode of family life that respects their and their children's interests in digital technologies. Eschewing the myth of parents as unremittingly digitally ignorant, this chapter reveals how their own interest in and hopes for digital technologies lead them to seek new modes of parenting, surprisingly often focused on shared digital pleasures.


Infrastructure networks are vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. Building a secure and resilient networked system is essential for providing reliable and dependable services. To this end, we establish a two-player three-stage game framework to capture the dynamics in the infrastructure protection and recovery phases. Specifically, the goal of the infrastructure network designer is to keep the network connected before and after the attack, while the adversary aims to disconnect the network by compromising a set of links. With costs for creating and removing links, the two players aim to maximize their utilities while minimizing the costs. In this paper, we use the concept of subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) to characterize the optimal strategies of the network defender and attacker. We derive the SPE explicitly in terms of system parameters. We further investigate the resilience planning of the defender and the strategic timing of attack of the adversary. Finally, we use case studies of UAV-enabled communication networks for disaster recovery to corroborate the obtained analytical results.


To investigate the application of virtual assembly simulation for the industrial manipulator and improve work efficiency and ergonomics, we performed the study on the interactive assembly operation simulation including the use of the non-powered and/or powered hand tools in a virtual workshop environment based on the DELMIA (Digital Enterprise Lean Manufacturing Interactive Application) software simulation platform. Manual assembly work is often associated with ergonomically poor conditions that result in work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which result in low productivity and quality problems. Aiming at finding out the impact of bad body postures, postural analysis tool using Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) selected for assessment that indicates that the workers are working above the secure limit. To reduce operator's fatigue and improve assembly quality and efficiency, the paper then proposed improvement scheme of assembly work postures and the surrounding work environment based on the ergonomics analysis and evaluation results. Simulation test showed the improved design could avoid inadequate working postures during assembly task performing and effectively improve assembly quality. This study provides a reference for the industrial manipulator assembly task in small-scale robotics industry, which has great significance for the increasingly competitive domestic robotics industry.


SUMMARY Seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. were collected from trees in Haiti and the effect of pre-germination treatments were investigated in the laboratory at the Instituto Superior de Agricultura, Santiago, Dominican Republic. Soaking seeds in water for up to 3 days had no effect on germination. Removal of the endocarp improved germination significantly even when seeds were air-dried. Possible physiological mechanisms for the loss of seed viability and the role of the endocarp are discussed including the development of a physical barrier to water and/or gas exchange, inhibitors, and metabolism of fatty acids in the seed.


Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor. Even with optimal treatment, tumors repeatedly recur and grow, eventually invading the entire brain. Few studies have evaluated the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of terminal glioblastoma. In this study, we describe the pathological characteristics of 26 glioblastoma cases (including 18 autopsy cases) that were analyzed from initial treatment to confirmation of death at our hospital. The mean age of the 26 patients was 60.7 years, and mean overall survival was 16.7 months. The interval of clinical symptoms from coma to death was 36.2 days, and the interval from onset of respiratory depression to death was 12 days. Steroids and antiepileptic drugs were often continued after completion of active treatment. Psychiatric symptoms and central fever were observed in patients with intrathecal dissemination, and disease progression was rapid in these patients. These patients presented with a variety of symptoms, including psychiatric symptoms, headache, neck pain, and central fever. In addition, a case of diffuse infiltration from the brain parenchyma to the periventricular area in a patient treated with bevacizumab suggested a possible change in the form of recurrence. In the terminal stage of glioblastoma, hypoxemia due to disturbance of the respiratory center results in progression from impaired consciousness to death. Because convulsive seizures are rare when patients are close to death, continuation of antiepileptic drugs may not be necessary. Although many patients develop local recurrences, new treatments may change the mode of recurrence or alter tumor cell characteristics. The number of patients receiving home care and end-of-life care has recently been increasing because of medical improvements, such as home care. Further study of the pathophysiology of glioblastoma may yield better end-of-life care.


Starting from the city of Baghdad the golden age of Islamic civilization was achieved by the Abbasid dynasty which was headed by the Caliph Harun al-Rasyid. The city of a thousand nights was made a source of motivation throughout the world for a transformation of civilization. The various fields were repaired by Harun al-Rasyid starting from administration, governance, and Social-ekonomi. But he was more in science and education. It proved to be the leadership of Harun al-Rasyid giving birth to scholars, and Muslim scholars and development on a number of educational institutions. Harun al-Rasyid as the Caliph intervened in scholarly development affairs, ranging from education curriculum, educational methods, the character of an educator who must conform to the established criteria and welfare of an educator Note. Until an educator at the time of caliphate Aaron Al-Rasheed obtained a glorious place. Writing This article uses the 'library' approach with historical-descriptive methods. Keywords: Islamic civilization, Harun al-Rasyid, Education, Teacher Position


This chapter is about the prevailing system of governance in public education in the United States and efforts to replace boards of education with state government and or mayoral control. Results on public school districts, which have been administered under these models, have not produced conclusive and compelling evidence of success. In addition, the author of this chapter served as superintendent of one of the large urban public school districts that historically operated under mayoral control and shared some observations about his experience.


From experiments of thermal predeposition of phosphorus in silicon, performed at 920 °C and followed by neutron activation analysis and TEM observations, it is concluded that SiP precipitation takes place in the furnace during the isothermal process. In fact, the surface concentration of phosphorus increases with predeposition time attaining values well above the solid solubility; in addition the flat rodlike SiP precipitates grow with the time of predeposition, according to a parabolic law. Finally, considerations of the size of the precipitates indicate that they are not formed during the cooling stage subsequent to predeposition.


We show that the integrally charged quark model predicts an upward shift of W and Z masses by 3.3 and 3.7 GeV respectively, as compared to the fractionally charged quark model. When combined with radiative corrections and compared with experimental data on MW and MZ, a heavier top quark, than in the fractionally charged quark model, is implied.


This study was conducted in a metallurgical state of Rio Grande do Sul having as main purpose to identify the ways in which the process is to choose the strategies that are adopted by the company to introduce a new product to market. In this case the product analyzed, at its launch, was the minibus. Was also analyzed from the interview what are the core competencies in the organization. Thus the data collection was conducted through interviews with the chief executive and the company was considering the launch held in the period between the years 2006 and 2008. We also carried out a review of literature on the subject with the intention of joining the existing theory with practice and daily life of the studied company. Among the key findings raised was possible to see that the company achieved a 30% increase in market share and a growth of 97% in sales with the minibus.


An anti-slip method for locomotives using improved adhesion characteristic curve slope method is proposed to solve the problem of low stability and control precision of the original adhesion characteristic curve slope method, it's adopting differentials of adhesion coefficient and slip speed as the identification criterion for locomotive states. The relationship among locomotive adhesion, resistance, and locomotive speed is used to estimate the real-time speed of the locomotive. Mechanical dynamics simulation software is used to establish the anti-slip simulation model of the locomotive. Theimproved adhesion characteristic curve slope method is compared with the combined correction method under different working conditions. Simulation result shows that the method is superior to the combined correction method in terms of reliability and control precision.


LiDAR-based place recognition (LPR) plays a pivotal role in autonomous driving, which assists Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems in reducing accumulated errors and achieving reliable localization. However, existing reviews predominantly concentrate on visual place recognition (VPR) methods. Despite the recent remarkable progress in LPR, to the best of our knowledge, there is no dedicated systematic review in this area. This paper bridges the gap by providing a comprehensive review of place recognition methods employing LiDAR sensors, thus facilitating and encouraging further research. We commence by delving into the problem formulation of place recognition, exploring existing challenges, and describing relations to previous surveys. Subsequently, we conduct an in-depth review of related research, which offers detailed classifications, strengths and weaknesses, and architectures. Finally, we summarize existing datasets, commonly used evaluation metrics, and comprehensive evaluation results from various methods on public datasets. This paper can serve as a valuable tutorial for newcomers entering the field of place recognition and for researchers interested in long-term robot localization. We pledge to maintain an up-to-date project on our website https://github.com/ShiPC-AI/LPR-Survey.


18606 Background: Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy has been safety supported with Filgrastim (F). Pegfilgrastim (PEGF) is a pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that has a long half-life, a fact that facilitates a less frequent dosing. Its safety and efficacy has been established in 21- and 28-days schedules.

METHODS
We have performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 2 cohort of patients (n=38) treated at our institution between December 2003 and November 2005. All patients received Adriamicin 60 mg/m2 plus Ciclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 q2w for 4 cycles followed by Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 q2w for 4 cycles. As G-CSF support, in Cohort A (n=29) PEGF was administered 6 mg on day 2 of each cycle and in Cohort B (n=9) F days 3 to 10 at 5 μg/kg. The primary end point was to explore the feasibility and safety in terms of febrile neutropenia (FN) events, number of treatment delays (TD), incidence of neutropenia grade 3 (NPG3) and 4 (NPG4) and mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) on day 14 of cycle 1 to 7 for both groups. Indirect comparisons have been performed.

RESULTS
Patients characteristics in both cohorts were well balanced, except for age in cohort A compared with cohort B (44,89 versus 52,5, p = 0,02). FN events and TD were increased in cohort B compared with cohort A (22% versus 0%, p=0.051, both comparisons). No statistically significant difference in number of episodes of NPG3 and NPG4 was observed. Median ANC on day 14 for each treatment cycle was significantly greater for Cohort A than Cohort B, except for cycle 6.

CONCLUSIONS
PEGF is very safe and efficacy in patients treated with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. It could be even more efficient than F in preventing febrile neutropenia events. [Table: see text].


The Bayesian method for selecting regression models proposed by Chipman et al. (1998a) as well as some related results of the
same authors are explored. In applications of this method, forming groups of the generated models has resulted a very useful tool
(models are generated by Monte Carlo Markov Chains) so some metrics are required and here we propose a new one for
grouping the models. The possibility of reducing the number of necessaries models to be generated in order to determine (with
Chipman et al. (1998a) approach) a tree which give a satisfactory explanation of the data is explored by means of a simulation
study. We apply the method to the data used by Denison et al. (1998) and some comparisons are made. Lastly we analyze the
results of the application to the data of some socio-economical study.


The present invention provide a printing apparatus and a method for conveying a sheet wherein generation of noise is minimized using a simple configuration, wherein, during sheet discharging, a sheet is discharged at a speed suitable for the sheet discharging, and wherein the sheet is aligned at a sheet discharging position. The printing apparatus controls conveyance of sheets as follows. A first sheet and a second sheet fed subsequently to the first sheet are conveyed at a relatively low conveying speed until an upstream trailing end of the first sheet is placed at a sheet discharging standby position. Then, the first sheet is discharged to the sheet discharging position, and the first sheet and the second sheet are conveyed at a relatively low conveying speed until a downstream leading end of the second sheet is placed at a sheet feeding control position.


We consider the problem of anomalous cluster detection (ACD) on a graph under the elevated mean Gaussian model, where each node is associated with a feature. Under the null hypothesis, features are i.i.d. standard Gaussian, while under the alternative, there is an unknown connected cluster of nodes whose features are i.i.d. Gaussian with positive mean and unit variance instead. For this problem the GLRT scan statistic is usually adopted; however there are very few practical algorithms that target arbitrarily connected clusters. We formulate this problem as an integer program (IP) in terms of indicator variables, and characterize the connectivity of a cluster by a linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint. We then propose a convex relaxation of the IP together with a rounding scheme, leading to a completely convex formulation for computing the scan statistic over arbitrarily connected clusters. Synthetic and real experiments justify our idea.


This study investigates the extent to which cognitions mediate the relationship between negative life events and depression. College students and their same-sex parents and grandparents (N = 171) completed measures of stressful life events, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and depression. There was an interaction between negative life events and cognition for the young adults but not for either of the older groups.


This paper treats the statistical theory used to estimate waveinduced motions and loads on ships. This theory was the basis for the investigation undertaken in connection with the development of a hull surveillance system, i.e. a warning instrument which indicates the dynamic load levels on the ship's hull. The cargoliner M/S TAIMYR was instrumented, and over a period of 1-1/2 year, a series of full scale measurements were carried out. Based on the results obtained from this project the "Hull Load Monitor" system was designed. The "Hull Load Monitor" is based on measured dynamic main stresses in the hull and the vertical acceleration of the bow, all of which are processed by a microprocessor and displayed to the navigator. The navigator thus obtains a measure of the expected load condition the ship will experience in the near future provided the environmental conditions remain unchanged, i.e. the present course, speed and wave-conditions are constant.


This project examines two works of nineteenth-century utopian fiction, Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and William Morris's News from Nowhere, and considers the way in which the organization of work in these imagined post-capitalist futures is guided by their respective philosophies of labor: while Bellamy's utopia is structured by an understanding of labor as primarily a social duty, Morris presents labor as central to the full development and happiness of the individual. These two utopias are read as representative of a fundamental tension within the writings of Marx: while Morris's understanding of labor aligns with the early works of Marx, Bellamy's vision is an expression of later attempts by Marx to distinguish between productive activity performed in the "realm of necessity" and that performed in the "realm of freedom." This project identifies in Bellamy's utopia a continued presence of alienated labor and reads this limitation as the inevitable outcome of an attempt to realize Marx's distinction between necessary and free production; Morris's ability to eradicate alienated labor in his utopia is thus only possible because he abandons this distinction and recognizes, as did the early Marx, the centrality of all forms of production to the individual's realization of her creative human essence. However, while Morris overcomes alienation, his attempt to break with the material foundations of capitalism leaves his utopia unsustainable; this project therefore looks to Bellamy's economic structures in an attempt to imagine how Morris's labor philosophy might be infused with Bellamy's structural elements to create a socialist future which would grow from the material conditions of capitalism while fully separating itself from the alienation of capitalist labor relations.


The author summarises recent progress in the development of methods of imaging electrophysiological function in humans using non-invasive measurements of external magnetic fields. The focus is on instrumentation and analysis, but brief mention is made of applications in biomedicine.


Four cases of superiore mesenteric artery syndrome are presented. Reference is made to the difficulties involved in the clinical diagnosis of this form. It is pointed out that radiological examination is essential, since it dispel all doubts in nearly every case. Associations between the syndrome and peptic ulcer are relatively, and the joint surgical resolution of both forms is recommended.


ABSTRACT Employability is a set of skills, knowledge and personal attributes that make an individual adapt to changes in the labour market. This study applies 'Human Capital Theory' (HCT) and the 'theory of Interrole Learning Transfer' (ILT) to examine factors which affect the attitudes, motivations and actions of learners towards their future employability. A qualitative approach enabled in-depth interviews with 36 participants drawn from academics, students, company managers and policymakers. Our findings reveal that there is a disconnect between the teaching of theoretical knowledge and employability skills. Higher education (HE) is presented to Nigerians as if young people must achieve a degree certificate to have a chance to succeed in life. Also, it appears that students have a notion that the certificate is enough to evidence ability. The findings lead to the development of 'employability model' which proposes that individual orientation and institutional factors determine the enactment of employability skills.


This is the third part of a trilogy on parallel solution of the linear elasticity problem. We consider the separate displacement ordering for a plain isotropic problem with full Dirichlet boundary conditions. The parallel solution methods presented in the first two parts of the trilogy are here generalised to higher order by using hierarchical finite elements. We discuss node numberings on regular grids for high degree of parallelism and even processor load as well as the problem of stability of the modified incomplete Cholesky factorisations used. Several preconditioning techniques for the conjugate gradient method are studied and compared for quadratic finite elements. Bounds for the condition numbers of the corresponding preconditioning methods are derived, and computer experiments are performed in order to confirm the theory and give recommendations on the choice of method. The parallel implementation is performed by message passing interface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Most algorithms for estimating audio similarity either completely disregard time or they treat each moment in time equally. However, many studies over the years have noted several factors that affect how much attention we give to certain sounds or parts of sounds (e.g. loudness, the attack, novelty). These findings suggest that some time segments of audio may be more salient than others when making similarity judgments. We believe that if we could estimate this information, we could improve audio similarity measures. This paper presents the results of a human subject study designed to test the hypothesis that sounds segments with high timbral change are more salient than segments with low timbral change. We then investigate whether we can use this information to improve two audio similarity measures: a "bag-of-frames" approach and a dynamic time warping approach.


Shown is a quick coupling element (2) on or for attachment to the underside (3) of bicycle accessories (4) for mounting of accessories (4) on the top of a bicycle luggage carrier (1) matching at least one complementary quick coupling element (34, 35) the bicycle luggage carrier (1), each with at least a portion (12) of at least two joints (11, 13; 14, 16) between the quick coupling elements (2; 8, 9) to the accessory (4) and (on the bicycle luggage carrier 1), (horizontal joining direction parallel to the bicycle plane 57), said parts (12) of at least two joints (11, 13, 14, 16) on the accessory (4) transverse to the bicycle plane with clearance (45, 46; 47, 48 ; 49, 50) are arranged and this space (45, 46; 47, 48; 49, 50) is variable. Here, the parts (12) of the at least two joints (11, 13, 14, 16) on the accessory-side quick coupling element (2) of the quick coupling element (2) for mounting purposes as intended, individually or together releasably. The quick coupling element (2) is provided with a bolt (7) for locking the accessory (4) to the luggage carrier (1).


LiNbO3/SiO2/Si films were prepared by radio-frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering technique.The phrase,crystal orientation and composition of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Inductively coupled plasma massspectrum(ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum(FT-IR).The photoluminescence(PL) of the LiNbO3/SiO2/Si films was measured by Fluorescence spectrophotometer.The results show that LiNbO3/SiO2/Si films emitted blue light with 470 nm wavelength at room temperature by a light excitation of 280 nm wavelength and PL came from the recombination of self-trapped exciton,and PL mechanism of SiO2/Si film changed after LiNbO3 film was grown on the SiO2/Si film.


The combined effects of three different plant extracts (Ashwagandha root, Guggulu gum and Bauhinia bark) on the regulation of thyroid function and on lipid peroxidation have been studied in laboratory mice. Daily administration of these extracts (1.4g kg−1 Ashwagandha, 0.2 g kg−1 Guggulu and 2.5g kg−1 Bauhinia) for 30 days enhanced serum concentrations of both thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) without altering hepatic lipid peroxidation, indicating that these plant extracts, given in combination, stimulate thyroid function without hepatotoxic effects. The plant extracts also induced an increase in hepatic catalase activity, further suggesting the hepatoprotective nature of the extracts.

These plant extracts might be used to formulate a drug for the treatment of hypothyroidism.


INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of anticipatory counseling regarding postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) provided by obstetrician–gynecologists (ob-gyns) and primary care providers (PCPs). We also sought to determine whether counseling is associated with an increased likelihood of presenting for evaluation of PMB. METHODS: This survey study was administered at the University of Minnesota's research building at the Minnesota State Fair 2021. Eligible participants were aged 18 and older and female sex assigned at birth. Self-reported menopausal participants answered questions about their healthcare providers (PCP, ob-gyn, or both), when they were last seen, and whether they had been counseled about PMB. They were then questioned about when they would present to a provider for PMB. RESULTS: A total of 129 post-menopausal survey participants were included in the analysis. Of these participants, 46.5% (60 participants) reported that their provider counseled them about PMB. There was almost a significant difference between type of provider seen and rate of counseling, with the highest rate occurring in those who had seen both a PCP and an ob-gyn provider in the last 5 years (P=.052). A total of 61% of participants (79 participants) reported they would tell their doctor if they had PMB after just one episode. There were no differences in likelihood of telling a doctor about PMB between participants who had received counseling and those who had not. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a low rate of provider counseling regarding PMB. The relatively low likelihood of presenting for evaluation of an episode of PMB highlights the need for improved patient education regarding this symptom.


Due to the presence of highly scattered inclusions or impurities on the surface or inside of the tooth, resulting in loss of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) signal under the aforementioned defects including image-accurate assessment teeth. In this study, we developed a multi-view multiplexing algorithm based on the nearest point repeat (ICP) algorithm to reconstruct the missing information. The use of a biaxial angle stage allows for multi-view images to be obtained at varying degrees of control. The result of our proposed method is that it is possible to improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of dental OCT images.


A new CdII-based luminescent metal-organic framework (LMOF) with the formula {[Cd(BIBT)(NDC)]·solvents}n (JXUST-32, BIBT = 4,7-bi(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzo-[2,1,3]thiadiazole and H2NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) was successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method. JXUST-32 shows a two-dimensional (4,4)-connected network and exhibits significant fluorescence red shift and slight enhancement for H2PO4- and CO32- sensing with detection limits of 0.11 and 0.12 μM, respectively. In addition, JXUST-32 has good thermal stability, chemical stability and recyclability. Significantly, JXUST-32 represents a fluorescence red-shift dual response MOF sensor for H2PO4- and CO32- detection and the analytes can be identified by the naked eye, aerosol jet printing filter paper, light-emitting diode beads and luminescent films.


In the whole enterprise management,the humanist management is a management model which will pay full attention to essential factors of human nature and exploit human potentialities.It is a means of integrating the enterprise culture with the personal consciousness of the staff.It will run through the whole process of talent recommendation,cultivation,growing and contribution.In the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",Liu Bei,relying on his humanist management model,organized an outstanding talent group and provided a strong talent basis for the development of his kingdom,which provides a good reference for our present humanist management research.


Applications of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the concept of libraries. The Libraries are now come up from the physical boundaries to the virtual world. Nowadays, Libraries are slowly and gradually getting digitized. A 'Digital Library 'comprises digital collections, services and infrastructure to support lifelong learning, research, scholarly communication as well as preservation and conservation of the recorded knowledge. This article discuss the factors that demands the traditional libraries to get digitized and what are the role of librarian in the new environment. The paper also throws some lights on the theoretical framework of the concept digital library.


Ethnobotany is an important branch of research that deals with medicines derived from plants and use of different plant parts in the treatment of various disease and ailments, based on indigenous pharmacopoeia, folklore, and herbal charms. An extensive study on Traditional practice of medicinal plants by 4 major tribes of Nagaland was conducted in different localities from districts of the state. The tribes undertaken for study were Ao, Angami, Lotha, Sema, residing in Nagaland. The survey was conducted by interviewing Local healers, village elders, and farmers. A total of 50 informants from 20 villages were interviewed which includes 9 local herbalists, 11 traditional healers, 8 mid-wives, 6 bonesetters, 10 village elders, and 6 farmers. The study comprises 257 species of ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 85 families. The conservation efforts are needed for plantation and protection of these plants with maximum participation of local people.


The main topic of this PhD thesis is to combine the information coming from PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and CT (Computed Tomography) images to locate, with a good quality and in a robust way, the tumors placed in the thoracic regions. For this, a priori information about the anatomy and the spatial organization of the organs inside the body is integrated at different levels. The first step consists in segmenting organs which are visible in both modalities by exploiting their structural relative positions and a priori anatomical knowledge. In particular, we have developed an original method for segmenting the heart on non-contrast CT images. The main contribution of this thesis is the registration method with constraints that we have developed. This approach relies on landmarks, defined automatically on the surfaces of the lungs, and on rigidity constraints on the pathologies. The rigidity constraints on the tumors guarantee that no information provided by the PET image about their shape and their grey levels is lost. Another originality of this PhD thesis is the introduction of a dynamic model of breathing in the registration method. This contribution seems extremely interesting because it makes it possible to find the trajectory that the tumor follows during the respiratory cycle and, in this way, registration could be performed with a better precision.


While most speakers at the 1996 World Food Summit expressed concern about the injustice that forces more than 800 million people worldwide to live with hunger, some sought solutions through economic and social development while others called for a more liberal marketplace. Among world leaders, only Fidel Castro raised issues and challenges that addressed some of the underlying causes of malnutrition. The Plan of Action that grew out of the Summit has only one measurable commitment, which is to halve the number of undernourished people by 2015. The other six commitments, while diluted, contain important objectives even though they give little emphasis to the underlying causes of poverty or hunger. The Summit process, however, did contribute to the fact that food-related issues are now placed higher on the world agenda because many of these issue were raised by civil service organizations (CSOs) at the Summit's parallel NGO (nongovernmental organization) forum. In fact, one of the most positive outcomes of the Summit may prove to be the increased effectiveness of the CSOs as a result of the creation of improved networks in preparation for the Summit. The CSOs contributed examples of how food security could be improved, published an active site on the World Wide Web, and challenged the statements of governments. In addition to raising trade issues, CSOs also lobbied for sustainable agriculture and agricultural biodiversity. In fact, CSOs may have to set a new action agenda for the formal sector to encourage development of new institutions and new global forums that give NGOs a place at the table.


An architecture for a new generation of multimedia systems is presented based on the concept of metawidgets, which are collections of alternative representations for information, both within and across sensory modalities, along with user—transparent mechanisms for choosing among them. The proposed architecture allows us to overcome certain drawbacks of today's systems, where the designer typically must assign each component of the display to a specific modality in a fixed and inflexible manner. The design of the PolyMestra environment based on our architecture is next described in detail, with particular emphasis on the layered development approach, core software tools and inter—application communication. Finally, we discuss the current status of the implementation, and outline plans for distribution of the prototype later this year to get user feedback.


Cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes display features of myocardial hypertrophy including increased cell size, myofilament organization, and reexpression of the embryonic gene for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). KN-93, an inhibitor of multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase II), blocked the induction of these responses by the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine, whereas its inactive analog KN-92 did not. To directly determine whether CaM kinase II could regulate ANF gene expression, we transiently expressed each of three isoforms of CaM kinase II (α, δB, and δC) along with an ANF promoter/luciferase reporter gene. The δB isoform markedly increased luciferase gene expression, whereas comparable levels of the δC and α isoforms were ineffective. Expression of δB-CaM kinase II also potentiated phenylephrine-mediated ANF gene expression, and this effect was blocked by KN-93 but not by KN-92. The ability of δB-CaM kinase II to transactivate a truncated ANF promoter, containing a serum response element (SRE) required for phenylephrine-inducible gene expression, was lost when this SRE was mutated. The δB isoform of CaM kinase II has been shown to exhibit nuclear localization. Coexpression of the non-nuclear δC or α isoforms, which can form multimers with the δB isoform, prevented the nuclear localization of δB-CaM kinase II and also blocked its effects on ANF reporter gene and protein expression. In addition, a chimeric α-CaM kinase II which contains the nuclear localization signal of the δB isoform was able to induce ANF reporter gene expression, albeit to a lesser extent than δB-CaM kinase II. These data are the first to assign a function to the δB isoform of CaM kinase II and to link its nuclear localization to subsequent activation of cardiac gene expression.


The switched-current technique is recently proposed to perform sampled data in analog signal processing. A lot of synthesis methods are currently available for the design of SC filters, as there is an inter-reciprocity relation between SC and SI filter circuits, so the SI filter can be obtainedfrom the transpose of the signal flow graph of an SC filter. A second order butterworth band-pass example is given in this paper.


Objective This paper was to summarize the clinical features of Helicobacter pylori( HP)negative patients with duodenal ulcer,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 30 cases of HP- negative patients with duodenal ulcer were chose as a negative group,50 cases of HP- positive duodenal ulcer patients were selected as positive group. A retrospective analysis was done on the clinical datas,and the analysis focused on disease characteristics,clinical symptoms and physical and chemical characteristics of checking features. Results The difference of construction of occupation andsex of the two groups was notstatistically significant( P 0. 05). The incidence ofduodenal ulcer in those over 60 years in the negative group was significantly higher than the positive group( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference on clinical symptoms and diameter of ulcers between the two groups( P 0. 05). The average number of ulcers in negative group was significantly higher than that of the positive- negative group( P 0. 05). The incidence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in negative group was higher than the positive group( P 0. 05). Conclusions HP-negative patients with duodenal ulcer has its unique clinical features,clinical differential diagnosis can be used as a reference.


Aviary simile in the Theaetetus bears some relation (cf. my article in Classical Quarterly, xxxiii, 1939, pp. 208 ff.). The origin of syllogism is also found in dialectical disputation, and the Analytics are regarded as giving a theoretical systematization of dialectical practice. The old question, Can the syllogism lead to new knowledge ? is disposed of by pointing out that Aristotle at any rate never supposed that it could. For him it was a method of explaining known facts by deriving them from known principles. So in dialectic the conclusion to be proved is known throughout, the problem being to prove it. But we may also perhaps see here the influence of geometry, which was even to Aristotle the model science, a view which comes out strongly in the Posterior Analytics. For in geometry too the conclusion to be reached is known in advance: what is done is to find premises from which it can be proved. Induction ('the way from particular to universal') is treated more briefly and related to Socrates' inquiries, as it is by Aristotle himself. H. D. P. LEE.


The development of microscopical journals in the United Kingdom, America and in France and Germany since the 1840s is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the periodicals issued by the Royal Microscopical Society, the Quekett Club and the Postal Microscopical Club. Conclusions are drawn concerning the roles of societies and commercial publishers as patrons of scientific research.


In this study, mixtures at different ratios of carob flour and breadcrumbs were added in chicken meatballs at level of 5% and their effects on some properties were investigated. Color values of raw samples were determined whereas yield, diameter reduction, color values, moisture retention ratios, fat absorption ratios and sensory properties of fried meatballs at 175 o C for 5 min were established. In the end of the study, it was observed that carob flour increased the a value of raw samples. However, it increased the yield and moisture retention ratios whereas showed that it may be an alternative material in low ratios for sensory properties. Based on the results, it was understood that carob flour: breadcrums mixtures can be recommended at 1:2 and 2:1 ratios in chicken meatballs.


A description is given of the method used in analysing data from the Great Slave Lake summer fishing by which the fishing effort exerted by gill nets that are cleared every two, three, four or five days can be made comparable with the effort exerted by gill nets that are cleared daily. A comparison of catches made in 151 pairs of cases where gill nets were cleared daily and every two days under otherwise apparently identical conditions indicated that the greater the catch per net that can be made in nets that are cleared daily, the less will be the relative increase in catch per net when they are cleared every two days. It is possible to "saturate" nets after which they will catch no additional fish.


5. to provide the student with opportunities for discussion and for verbalizing his knowledge of mathematical concepts; 6. to provide the elementary education student with some practical experience with the problems encountered in a learning situation; 7. to establish criteria for evaluating the student that would be based not only on his performance on tests but on impressions received from personal contact with him; 8. to involve the student more meaningfully in his own learning experiences as well as in the learning experiences of his classmates; and 9. to provide a relaxed atmosphere in which the student could enjoy learning mathematics.


This paper introduces the curricular structure, curricular program and laboratory construction of information engineering specialty in reform. The features are also introduced in this paper. Based on the curricular structure and program, it puts forward a new idea of carrying out both teaching research and teaching reform according to the "curricular group". This new idea increases the force of experiment in reform and enhances the cultivation of the practice and innovation of the students.


Just like a fingerprint, every human head has its own uniqueness. To take advantage of its unique geometrical and physical characteristics, we can insert an inward-facing microphone into the ear canal to record sound coming from a bone conduction transducer on the mastoid on the contralateral side of the head. This sound is known as "cross-talk" sound, which is unique for each individual. In this study, we present an evaluation of bone-conducted "cross-talk" sound in the head for biometric user identification. Our approach relies on "cross-talk" sounds to estimate impulse responses (IRs) and uses them to identify the corresponding users. Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are extracted from a 16-ms IR as acoustic features, and 1-nearest neighbor (1NN) classifier is used for making a decision. Finally, we evaluated the proposed approach with ten participants. Our results showed that "cross-talk" sounds could be used to identify users with an average accuracy of up to 99.8%, and the equal error rate (EER) obtained was 2.6% in user authentication. In addition, the IRs dataset and a video demonstrating how the system worked were made available on GitHub and YouTube.


BACKGROUND
HFE-associated hemochromatosis is one of the most common inherited liver disease in Caucasian populations and refers to the association of increased iron stores with tissue damage (e.g., cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy), which is progressive when diagnosis and treatment are delayed.

AIMS
Description of a case of hereditary hemochromatosis in an asymptomatic 44-years-old patient, whose diagnosis was made through casual identification of abnormal iron markers. We will also present a brief review of the literature about the topic.

CONCLUSIONS
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an ideal disease for primary prevention since the disease can be detected well before serious complications develop. This intervention has been shown to prevent the manifestations of the disease, altering its natural history.


The worst-month concept of propagation phenomena is a tool for radio communication system design based on monthly objectives of service availability or performance. This letter presents an empirical analysis of worst-month complementary cumulative distribution functions obtained using one-minute integrated rain rate data from the Aburra Valley in the country of Colombia, and evaluates models to relate average year and worst-month probabilities for rain rate and rain attenuation on satellite paths


Recently, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is gaining a renascence for modifying proteins and peptides, via OPA-amine two-component reactions for bioconjugation and intramolecular OPA-amine-thiol three-component reactions for cyclization. Historically, small thiol molecules were used in large excess to allow for the intermolecular OPA-amine-thiol reaction forming 1-thio-isoindole derivatives. In this report, we discovered that guanidine could serve as an effective additive to switch the intermolecular OPA-amine-thiol three-component reaction to a stoichiometric process and enable the modular construction of peptide-peptide, and peptide-drug conjugate structures. Thus, twelve model peptide-peptide conjugates have been synthesized from unprotected peptides featuring all proteinogenic residues. Besides, six peptide-drug conjugates have been prepared in one step, with excellent conversions and isolated yields. In addition, a conjugate product has been further functionalized by utilizing the pre-modified OPA derivative, demonstrating the versatility and flexibility of this reaction.


The aim of our investigation was to find out the differences in perceived satisfaction with health within three evaluated groups with different level of health status: healthy people, people with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and people with disabilities. Two main groups of people were recruited for the study: (1) active people (n=607; regularly participating in sport activities) and (2) inactive people (n= 494; not participating in sports activities). We used second part of S.QUA.L.A. questionnaire where participants evaluated perceived satisfaction with 23 indicators using the 5-point rating scale. The lower mean score meant the higher perceived satisfaction. For our investigation we analysed perceived satisfaction with only one indicator "overall health". Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. The data were statistically tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the sample distribution normality. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences in perceived satisfaction with health within three evaluated groups based on their health status. Post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to examine the differences in satisfaction with health between two groups of population based on their health status. Student's two-sample t test was used to examine the differences between active and inactive people within each population group based on their health status. We found the highest level of perceived satisfaction with overall health in the group of healthy actively living population and the lowest perceived satisfaction with overall health in the group of inactive people with NCDs. In the group of active as well as inactive people we found significantly higher perceived satisfaction with health in the group of healthy people comparing people with NCDs and people with disabilities. No significant differences were found in the comparison of perceived satisfaction with overall health between people with NCDs and people with disabilities nor in the group of active neither inactive population. In all groups of people related to their health status the significantly higher perceived satisfaction with health was demonstrated by actively living populations comparing inactive population.The aim of our investigation was to find out the differences in perceived satisfaction with health within three evaluated groups with different level of health status: healthy people, people with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and people with disabilities. Two main groups of people were recruited for the study: (1) active people (n=607; regularly participating in sport activities) and (2) inactive people (n= 494; not participating in sports activities). We used second part of S.QUA.L.A. questionnaire where participants evaluated perceived satisfaction with 23 indicators using the 5-point rating scale. The lower mean score meant the higher perceived satisfaction. For our investigation we analysed perceived satisfaction with only one indicator "overall health". Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. The data were statistically tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the sample distribution normality. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences in perceived satisfaction wit...


In order to reach the objectives of the UE project "RESGEN" for conservation, characterisation, collection and exploitation of genetic resources in agriculture, it will be performed the description, collection, employing and organisation of germplasm available at different European institutions. The planned activity was aimed to constitute an operative germplasm gene bank. To perform this goal a number of genotypes have to be described, evaluated and characterised for agrophysiologic, adaptive and technologic behaviour. The first step was to collect and catalogue all the genetic resources currently available in the different European rice countries that at the beginning of the project amounted to about 450 varieties. (Resume d'auteur)


Objective. To compare literature-based estimates of the cost-effectiveness ratios of strat egies for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis cannit pneumonia (PCP) In AIDS patients with estimates obtained using data from a recent comparative clinical trial Design. A decision- analytic Markov model with data on drug efficacy and toxicity from both the medical literature and a national randomized clinical trial. Drug costs were from average wholesale prices. Discounted life expectancy, total direct medical costs, and cost-effectiveness were projected in dollars per year of life saved (YLS). Setting. Hypothetical for the literature-based model, then the clinical trial results from the multicenter AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG Protocol 021). Patient population. Patients with AIDS and a pnor episode of PCP Interventions. Strategies induded no prophylaxis, TMP-SMX (160/800 mg) daily, or aerosolized pentam idine (300 mg) monthly. Patients experiencing major toxic reactions to either medication would cross over to the other agent. Main results In the literature-based model no prophylaxis was associated with a projected life expectancy of 1.430 years, and total direct cost of $42,080. TMP-SMX increased life expectancy to 2.051 years and cost to $42,300; for aero solized pentamidine life expectancy was 2.066 years and cost $43,960. TMP-SMX had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $350 per YLS compared with no prophylaxis; the incremental ratio for aerosolized pentamidine was $2,950 per YLS when compared with no prophylaxis, but rose to $110,880 per YLS compared with TMP-SMX. When data from ACTG clinical trial 021 were utilized in the model, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for TMP- SMX compared with no prophylaxis was $720 per YLS, aerosolized pentamidine was not cost-effective, and was "dominated" by TMP-SMX because it was associated with higher costs and shorter life expectancy. Conclusions. Literature-based cost-effectneness models are useful in developing health policy before clinical trials are completed. Clinical trial results, when available, can be used to validate and revise these models. For secondary PCP prophylaxis in AIDS patients, TMP-SMX is substantially more cost-effective than aerosolized pentamidine. Key words: decision models; cost-effectiveness; Pneumocystis carmu pneu monia. (Med Decis Making 1996;16:29-35)


— This paper presents the time-step and grid-size calculation methods for solving time series wave differential equations using the Finite Difference Method. The methods are formulated using the Taylor series, assuming that at a very small time-step and grid-size, the number of terms in the Taylor series starting with 2nd order with the highest order is much smaller than the order 1.


The Waste Vitrification Plant (WVP) converts Highly Active Liquor (HAL) from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing into a stable vitrified product. During the first decade of operation, WVP failed to operate at basis of design throughputs and waste incorporation rates. As a consequence, WVP came under pressure from the UK regulator to progressively reduce holdings of HAL waste stored in above ground tanks. To enhance performance, a decision was taken to invest in a full scale Vitrification Test Rig (VTR) to support WVP. The mission of the VTR was to increase waste throughput in terms of processing rates and the amount of waste incorporated into the glass product. During the first two years of operation the VTR was able to demonstrate these objectives by raising throughput from 21 kg/h to 28 kg/h and incorporation from 25 %w/w to 28 %w/w to underpin WVP plant performance. The advantages of having a full scale support facility were clearly demonstrated in the initial two years of operation, leading to a significant extension of the work programme for the VTR. Experimental work carried out on the VTR led to further advancements in throughput and incorporation and a significant broadening of the operational envelope for WVP to help extend equipment life, optimise process conditions and demonstrate the glass product quality. Further benefits have been; training of operational and support staff for WVP, improved operability of WVP and a platform for rehearsing recovery of breakdowns and mal-operations. The VTR is currently being used to support the vitrification of post operation clean out wastes as WVP approaches the end of its scheduled life cycle. The benefits of the VTR being full scale can be clearly demonstrated by removing any arguments with respect to "scale-up" issues. Products generated on the VTR and the conditions under which products are manufactured are directly comparable to those on WVP.


Because engineering faculty seldom use research-based instructional strategies, the engineering education community hasbecome increasingly concerned with how to help faculty sustainably integrate education research into their teachingpractices. We developed the Intrinsic-Motivation (IM) Course Design Method to make motivation theory accessible tofaculty and to help faculty think more concretely about the costs that demotivate them and make their course designsuntenable. Our course design method complements existing course design methods by providing an approach to designingfor motivational outcomes. In this paper, we describe the IM Course Design Method and then illustrate how this methodwas used to refine the design of a sophomore-level engineering course that enrolled over 200 students. We then presentevaluation evidencefrom this course to suggestthat applicationof the method canincrease students'intrinsic motivationinengineering courses.


Burning in South Central Africa is primarily responsible for the vast buildup of ozone in the mid-Atlantic noticeable in the Belem, Brazil, ozonesondes, and also visible in analyses using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). We report on full-scale chemistry simulations for the SAFARI/TRACE-A field period of September-October, 1992. These observational programs provided a wealth of comparison data, including spectacular depictions of the vertical structure of ozone and particulate pollution over Africa, South America, and the Equatorial Atlantic [Browell JGR, 1996, submitted] above and below the NASA DC-8 airplane path. These depictions provide strict tests on the ability of a 3-d simulation and its controlling input parameters, most notably the biomass burning emissions strength. We use meteorology from MM5 used as a synoptic assimilation model and our own GRACES Global Regional Air Chemistry Event Simulator. This report will focus on the unique meteorology of the Equatorial Atmosphere around the Gulf of Guinea during the TRACE-A period, which we describe as "the opening of the gate," "the Great African Plume," and the "African Recirculatory System." We expect to assess whether the ozone observed is primarily "transported African smog," the standard view, or whether "re-$NO_[x)$-ification" of the Central Atlantic troposphere (reduction of nitric acid to active nitrogen oxides in clouds or aerosol) may be required for "extended intercontinental ozone production." A status report on a second nitrogen problem, "lower-tropospheric missing NO(y)," in which we find a serious imbalance in the $NO_ {x }$ and $NO_{y}$ budgets when compared with similar atmospheric tracers, will be given. An elaboration of the concepts set off by quotation marks in this abstract will be given in the talk.


Abstract The effect of oil-in-water emulsions on the performance of four carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion inhibitors was studied in an impinging jet apparatus. Experimental conditions were 60°C to 90°C, pH 4.5 to 5, 1 bar CO2, 100% to 90% water-cut, and 0.1 wt% to 1 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl). A refined, low-aromatic, white spirit product was used as the oil phase. The jet flow velocities were varied in the range from 0 to 12 m/s. Corresponding wall shear stresses were 0 to 350 Pa. Oil-in-water emulsions were formed by injecting small amounts of oil in the impinging jet stream. This created small amounts of emulsion (on the order of 1 vol% to 2 vol% oil) that broke down in a few hours. Surface active, amphiphilic inhibitor molecules have a high affinity for accumulation at the oil-water interface. The dispersed droplets may constitute a large surface area. When the surface area exceeds 1 m2/L (order of magnitude) the droplets may deplete a significant amount of corrosion inhibitor from the corrosive aqueous...


The jacket structure is one of the most important structures in the offshore industry. It is mainly installed in relatively shallow water conditions. The jacket structures are subjected to continuous wave forces, which severely affect the life of the offshore platform. Generally, the jacket structures are designed such that their response is small under its environmental loads, but it also increases the cost. So, controlling its response is a good alternative to increase its life span. In this study, a 2D jacket structure in a water depth of 120m is studied for its response control using Magneto-Rheological damper (MR damper). MR dampers have been successfully implemented in semi-active control of civil structures. They have been well proven in controlling the structural responses subjected to multiple frequency excitations. The MR damper's semi-active control algorithm requires the calculation of optimal force by assuming the structure to be linear. This optimal force can be obtained using various methods, and one such widely used method is the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) strategy. The ocean waves are random, and hence the stochastic LQR Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) has to be used to compute the optimal control force on the structure. This optimal force calculated can further be used by the MR damper's semi-active control algorithm to obtain the controlled response. From the theory of the LQG method, the input excitation has to be a white noise process, but the ocean waves that excite the offshore platforms are a narrow band process. So, the spectral content of the input excitation is captured using the shaping filters. The shaping filters are designed to obtain the required narrow banded spectrum of the water particle kinematics at different points of the structure. The filters are designed such that the cross-correlation of the excitation at various offshore platform points is maintained. The Cholesky factorization of the spectral matrix at various grid points degenerates the problem into a single input multiple output problem. Thus, individual fitting of the factorized spectral matrix components is sufficient to obtain the correct cross-correlation along with the depth. The 2D jacket requires the water particle kinematics to be calculated at different horizontal locations also. This horizontal propagation problem requires developing an 'All-Pass' filter, which allows one to design the phase shift at different frequency components while maintaining the unit magnitude transfer function. The developed filter equations are then augmented to the original jacket structure, and LQR gains are computed for the stochastic regulator problem. A Kalman filter is designed, and the state estimate is obtained for each time step, which is further used in the calculation of the optimal force. It is shown that stochastic structural control works for an offshore structure like the jacket, and control efficiencies and limitations under various conditions are discussed.


ABSTRACT A parametric study of the LRM is made. The results consist of plots of normalized performance variables of the LRM for different geometrical parameter values. Detailed equations of the normalized performance variables are presented together with scale factors. For one case actual values are listed of machine dimensional parameters, scale factors, and performance variables. One case is verified experimentally.


Among the various interventions proposed to remediate the health and security effects of climate change by solar radiation protection is the proposal to enhance natural ocean whitecap formation. Compared to other solar protection interventions, this is technically simple and quickly terminated. However, it has a drawback: even if the energy be obtained from wind or wave, the power demand to maintain a foam raft determines the capitalization of equipment. The average power demand is inversely related to foam lifetime which can be prolonged by surfactants preferably derived from ingenerate resources. Here, we estimate the associated energy and power demands by identifying the parameters that can be adjusted to moderate the capital cost of implementation. Before dividing by efficiency factors, the range of power demand for an intermediate areal energy requirement of 5 MJ/km2 of ocean varies from 6 to 30 W/km2 for foam lifetime of 10–2 days. The most likely route to deployment is through merchant ship lubrication using bubbly liquids which both reduces fuel consumption and creates an extended wake and is perhaps an example of technical symbiosis.


The voice effects following laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer are poorly described. We investigated the voice outcomes of subligamentous cordectomy of progressive anterior–posterior extent of excision.


D�������� A. (2004): Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars. Plant Protect. Sci., 40: 135–140. The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85–100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1–40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.


Complex history of the Kerguelen Plateau formation accompanied by intensive magmatic and tectonic activity, determined various structure of the crust and the tectonosphere of its singular blocks. The data on potential fields, seismic tomography data and other geological and geophysical information allow us to identify plateau's singular blocks and define their structure and the tectonosphere's evolution.


Traumatic dislocation of the cervical spine is a relatively rare injury, but the ramifications of a missed injury are severe and life-long. The imaging findings related to traumatic dislocation are commonly mentioned in the literature although actual images of this pathophysiology are rare. In this particular case, three-dimensional computed tomography demonstrates the large amount of cervical spine distraction and associated damage. Epidemiology and management of acute cervical spine injuries in regard to this injury are discussed.


An analysis of the effect of contact potentials on photoelectric measurements with semi-conductors is made, which indicates a new method of determining the width of the forbidden energy interval for electrons in a semi-conductor. A possible application to precision determination of h/e by the photoelectric effect is indicated.


public health nursing should be utilized more effectively in the community mental health program. As the public health nurse has expanded her role to help the emotionally ill, she has been challenged to identify her mental health services. Frequently, the nurse is unaware of what it is she gives these patients. She often lacks the words to interpret how she promotes the mental health of families she visits.


In this paper we show how relative characteristics of individuals in context of their population can be used to customize and guide the search process in Differential Evolution, which is a state-of-the art real-parameter global optimization algorithm. Analysis of exploitation phase of the search process shows that probability of creating an offspring, which outperforms its parent and can hence enter the population is strongly negatively correlated with distance between them. We use this property in a censored Differential Evolution variant, which in the exploitation phase saves computational time by rejecting distant offsprings without evaluating their fitness. Comparison of censored and classical variants of DE/rand/1 and DE/best/1 for different dimensions of the search space reveals interesting patterns about appropriate choice of the scaling factor and questionably exploitative character of the DE/best/1 algorithm. Finally, we present the main idea of an ongoing study about basing adaptation on ranks or relative fitness of individuals in their population.


ABSTRACT R&D network structures have crucial impacts on firm's innovation performance. However, most previous studies have been based on the whole or ego network perspective, few studies have investigated the influence of community structure that a firm is engaged in on its innovation performance, and it is still unclear how a firm's relation to network community affect its innovation performance. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on the dynamics of firm's network community associations, empirically investigate the relationship between dynamics of firm's network community associations and its innovation performance. Based on the unbalanced panel data of smartphone R&D network during year 2004–2017, the results demonstrate that change in community member associations and movement across communities both have inverted-U-shaped effects on firm's innovation performance. Moreover, innovation openness depth has moderating effects on the relationships between dynamics of firm's network community associations and its innovation performance.


The article by Dr. M.R. Payne and others filled the author with misgivings. Sulpiride is a dopamine blocking agent and is liable to give rise to long term complications in particular tardive dyskinesia. This can be a socially stigmatising and disabling condition which is notoriously stubborn to treat. In 1/3 of cases it becomes persistent although the chances of this occurring in the age group receiving contraception is less likely. The dose of sulpiride used although low (50 mg twice daily) compared with that used in psychiatric practice does not guarantee the avoidance of this condition. Some authorities have stated that sulpiride with its more specific dopamine blocking agent is less likely than other neuroleptics to cause tardive dyskinesia and it has even been advocated as a treatment. However the evidence for this is unconvincing and all neuroleptics will treat tardive dyskinesia but only in the short term. It is unjustifiable to use this agent particularly when other forms of effective contraception are available. (full text)


The participation of women in ensuring the Continental army during the War for Independence is considered. The Association of American women engaged in the collection of cash, clothes and food, helping troops survive the crisis moments in their supplies.


The available literature presents the need to improve the training of community psychologists in order to understand and take action on the complexity of current social settings. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding how to train community social psychology (CSP) practitioners. This article postulates that integrality, as a political-strategic orientation of the Universidad de la Republica in Uruguay, creates suitable conditions to meet these requirements. Based on the notion of integral training spaces (EFI- espacios de formacion integral) as pedagogical devices aimed at implementing this approach and examining a specific case (EFI In-Ter-Accion Colectiva), the authors reflect on the components of these spaces and the dynamics that they acquire. It is proposed that complex pedagogical devices are needed, which must consider multiple dimensions of the training process: the theory-practice articulation, interdisciplinarity, knowledge co-production, the articulation of research in the intervention processes, and a consistent pedagogical proposal. It is concluded that it is necessary to address the increasing commodification of university education nowadays, acknowledging that the requirements of CSP training are situated in specific institutional contexts that condition the discipline.


Nowadays it is in constant growing the development of thin film bulk acoustic resonators. If the piezoelectric material is going to be implanted in the human body, an important requirement is the biocompatibility of the implant. In this regard, Aluminum Nitride (AlN) has emerged as an attractive alternative for use in biomedical MicroElectroMechanical Systems. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) is a promising material to be used in biomedical applications, due to its extraordinary mulifunctionality; it is exceptional for implantable medical devices requiring stringent biological performance. Since both UNCD and AlN films can be processed via photolithography processes used in microfabrication, the integration of UNCD and AlN films provides the bases for developing a new generation of biocompatible Bio-MEMS/NEMS. Research and development was conducted to produce implantable MEMS devices: Pt/piezoelectric AlN/Pt layer heterostructure was grown and patterned on the UNCD membrane with a Ti adhesion layer. By applying voltages between the top and bottom Pt electrodes layers the piezoelectric AlN layer is energized. The feasibility of the fabrication of biocompatible AlN/diamond-based FBAR structure has been demonstrated.


We analyse the absorption mechanism of silicon nanowire arrays on various substrates using a semi-analytic modal method. Independent of the substrate, we find a few well coupled, well concentrated, resonant modes to dominate the absorption.


Due to the ground surface buildings,mining method has to be adopted for some section of a Metro station on Line 5 of Guangzhou Metro,for which open-cut method was designed.In the paper,the construction sequence and the major construction technical measures adopted so as to ensure the safety of the buildings are presented,the differences between the changed mining method and the conventional open-cut method are compared and the advantages/disadvantages of the changed mining method are summarized so as to select construction methods and construction measures more reasonably.The paper can provide reference for similar works in the future.


Objective To discuss the effect of the different insertion place of tibial intramedullary nailing on the incidence of anterior knee pain. Methods We do a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 158 cases with tibial intramedullary nailing. According to the insertion place,we devoided the cases to two groups and compare the result of incidence of anterior knee pain,the VAS Scores on Kneeling,the VAS Scores on Squatting. Results There are nonunion 5 cases,infection 2 cases,osteofascial compartment syndrome 1 case. No patellar tendon disrupt and nail brisement occurred. The average of healing time is 21. 4 weeks. The transtendinous nailing group: the incidence of AKP is 51. 39% ,the VAS Scores on Kneeling is 7. 2,the VAS Scores on Squatting is 5. 8. The paratendinous nailing group: the incidence of AKP is 48. 84% ,the VAS Scores on Kneeling is 5. 5,the VAS Scores on Squatting is 5. 5. There is a significant difference in VAS Scores on Kneeling. Conclusion A paratendinous approach for nail insertion does not reduce the incidence of AKP,but it can relief the AKP symptom effectively.


In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger‐Poisson system: −Δu+λϕ|u|2α∗−2u=∫R3|u|2β∗|x−y|3−βdy|u|2β∗−2u,inR3,(−Δ)α2ϕ=Aα−1|u|2α∗,inR3, where parameters α,β∈(0,3),λ>0, Aα=Γ(3−α2)2απ32Γ(α2) , 2α∗=3+α , and 2β∗=3+β are the Hardy‐Littlewood‐Sobolev critical exponents. For α0, we prove the existence of nonnegative groundstate solution to above system. Moreover, applying Moser iteration scheme and Kelvin transformation, we show the behavior of nonnegative groundstate solution at infinity. For β0 small, we apply a perturbation method to study the existence of nonnegative solution. For β


Appraisal Theory studies textual attitudes,highlighting vocabulary and attaching importance to both overt and covert appraisal.Applying Appraisal Theory in the analysis of textual attitudes and their presentation of business texts,we find that such texts are characterized by courtesy and consideration and that there are both overt and covert presentations of textual attitudes.


Hole BT1B sampled 3 layers of carbonated peridotite (listvenite, 0-80, 100-180, 185-197 m) separated by 2 layers of carbonate-bearing serpentinite (80-100, 180-185 m), underlain by 100 m metasediment and metabasalt. Listvenites (magnesite and/or dolomite + quartz + Fe–oxyhydroxides + chromian spinel ± fuchsite rocks) replacing mantle peridotite at and near the base of the Samail ophiolite (Stanger 85, Wilde ea 02, Nasir ea 07, Falk & Kelemen 15: FK15) reveal processes of carbon transfer into the mantle wedge (Kelemen & Manning 15) and suggest methods for CO2 capture and storage (Kelemen ea 11). Near BT1, 10 to 200 m thick tabular listvenites interlayered with partly serpentinized harzburgite have contacts parallel to the basal thrust. Imprecise Rb/Sr and 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate listvenite formed during obduction (FK15). Listvenite-peridotite contacts are gradational over 1-2 m. The listvenite matrix is microcrystalline quartz + magnesite. Quartz recrystallized from opal as in listvenites worldwide (Akbulut ea 06, Boschi ea 09, Jurkovic ea 12, Aftabi & Zarrinkoub 13, Posukhova ea 13, Ulrich ea 14) with 80-120°C from clumped isotopes and phase equilibria (FK15). Thus listvenite formed –and deformed ductilely –at low T. The depth is unconstrained; this temperature range occurs in subdution zones at 6 to 60 km. Ubiquitous carbonate-rich veins locally comprise >10% of core sections; many have antitaxial textures consistent with expansion due to crystallization pressure. Carbonate-rich veins cut serpentinite and listvenite; veins formed a mesh, followed by replacement of mesh cores. Despite variability in and around veins, average Mg/Si, Fe/Si, Al/Si, Fe/Mg, and Cr/Al in listvenite (75 whole rocks, 7712 XRF scanner points) are indistinguishable from average Samail peridotite. CaO (average 5wt%, range 0-40), and strongly correlated Sr were added to peridotite, most likely from subducting sediment. Rare core with >10vol% dolomite has higher Fe/Mg than peridotite, but the same Mg/Si. Thus Mg, Si, Al and Cr, plus Fe in most rocks, were largely immobile on a 1-10 m scale during introduction of C, O, lesser Ca, minor Fe, and fluid mobile trace elements (Godard ea AGU 17) during transformation of Mg-silicates to carbonate + quartz. With prior and coeval serpentinization, this implies 80% solid volume expansion compared to unaltered peridotite, in a zone >200 m thick at the leading edge of the mantle wedge. EQ3/6 modeling of phase proportions requires a fluid with 3000 to 30,000 ppm CO2, in equilibrium with calcite in subducted sediments between 1-2 GPa. Observed paragenesis suggest unmixing into CO2- and H2O-rich fluids during decompression.


Introduction: A tight fixation between bone and implant materials is great importance for a successful outcome of procedures such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is reported that fiber mesh structure lead increase in binding strength between the implant and bone. This is caused by the porous surface that produces mechanical interlocking between bone and implants by bone ingrowth. Excellent results were reported by such types of cementless TKA We now expect to accelerate bone ingrowth to achieve tight binding in much shorter periods. Osteocondcution on bioactive ceramic such as hydroxyapatite attracts us to increase bone formation. It is however difficult to coat a hydroxyapatite on titanium fiber mesh by conventional techniques such as plasma spray method. In this paper we report the potential of novel method for coating of hydroxyapatite to improve bone ingrowth in titanium fiber mesh. Our method is a simple incorporation of hydroxyapatite particles in titanium mesh by hydroxy-propylcellulose. Effect of the HA incorporation in titanium fiber mesh on osteointegration was histologically and mechanically investigated.


Not only scientific, but also public interest is caused by the cookbook of the interwar twenty years with the statement of its experience of food practices and gastronomic culture of that time which till now remained on the margins of bibliographic studies. Meanwhile, it continued the best traditions of Ukrainian culinary book publishing in the early twentieth century (published by Emilia Levytska and Leontyna Luchakivska).
The emergence of numerous Western Ukrainian culinary publications during the 1920s and 1930s demonstrated a tendency to strengthen and popularize Ukrainian culinary discourse with its national traditions in their organic combination with the best examples of European cuisine, highlighting food culture with an emphasis on healthy and balanced nutrition. All this became possible due to the intensification of the process of forming the national identity of Ukrainians, increasing interest in the native language, culture, as well as modernizing the structure of all public and private life.
The analyzed array of book editions is 25 titles, of which — 18 units of cookbooks and 7 editions of the auxiliary segment (technological food direction). Books on purely culinary topics are classified into encyclopedias, textbooks, cookbooks and manuals in terms of their genre affiliation. Geographically, only Lviv (9 editions) and Kolomyia (8 editions) are represented as the main publishing centers of Galicia. The authors of a number of books were extraordinary figures of their time: writers, politicians, publishers, journalists, teachers, representatives of famous Galician families (O. Kysilevska, O. Zaklynska, O. Franko, O. Lishchynska), who left a noticeable mark in the history of Ukrainian culture. Other personalities were less fortunate, they left their descendants only their culinary world, and their names and destinies due to lack of documentary evidence are unknown not only to the general public but also to researchers of the subject (M. Horbacheva, M. Velychkovska, P. Slyuzarivna, H. Onyshkevych).
The Ukrainian cookbook of Galicia of the interwar twenty years is interesting not only for its selection of recipes and translation of culinary experience in our time; as one of the nation-building elements, it shows an interesting perspective for the conceptual understanding of the historical past. Everyday things, such as food, reveal not only the past (Ukrainian culinary traditions), but also the fact that in our culture it is worth respecting, returning or renewing.
Keywords: cookbook, Galicia, interwar twenty years, gastronomic culture, Ukrainian.