Background The decision-making process regarding therapeutic options in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) can be complex. Disease modifying therapies such as hydroxyurea (HU), bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or chronic blood transfusion (CBT) are heterogeneous in their therapeutic intent, efficacy in preventing progression of disease, costs, acute complications, patient burden and long-term side effects. Both healthcare provider and patient-related factors may influence decision-making regarding these treatment options. That a majority of patients with SCD belong to minority underserved populations adds to the complexity of the decision-making in this group of patients. Shared decision making (SDM), a collaborative process that allows patients and their providers to make health care decisions together is preferred since it takes into account the best clinical evidence available, as well as the patient9s values and preferences. There is a paucity of data on how physicians approach their conversations with patients regarding therapeutic options. The objective of this study was to determine the perspective of physicians with expertise in SCD and BMT regarding decision making about disease modifying therapy. Methods We enrolled a geographically diverse and nationally representative sample of physicians with expertise in the clinical management of SCD in this mixed methods study. We conducted and analyzed qualitative interviews focused on the physician perspective of patients9 values, preferences and decisional needs in decision making regarding disease-modifying therapeutic options in SCD. These interviews were part of a larger study to understand decisional needs of patients with SCD in order to develop a decision aid for the therapeutic options in SCD. Open-ended semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used NVivo10 for analysis of qualitative data. We sought to understand the framework of discussion used by physicians for the various therapeutic options. Our analysis concentrated on how physicians engaged in discussions related to therapeutic options to reveal whether physicians facilitate the patient9s decision process or intend to convince the patient of a treatment plan. Results We interviewed 37 physicians who were experts in pediatric or adult SCD or BMT. Twenty of the 37 were female. Physician narratives reflected high concern for the well-being of the patient and caregivers. Using content analysis, we categorized the physicians9 narratives on a spectrum based on their degree of involvement in guiding decision making regarding disease modifying therapies. Narratives placed on one end of the spectrum were those where the physician frequently discussed patient involvement in the decision-making process. On the other end of the spectrum, we categorized physicians who were explicitly advocating for a particular treatment plan for the patient. Thus, the assumption was that this latter group of physicians entered into physician-patient conversations with a recommended therapeutic plan. We further analyzed the content of this spectrum to reveal what patient attributes influenced the physician9s narrative. While all of the physicians in our study were advocates of patient education and active involvement, more than half of the narratives were explicitly promoting a particular therapeutic plan. Our analysis revealed that the degree of physician involvement was influenced by the perception of patient compliance, socio-economic barriers, and the patient9s current clinical condition. Physicians who advocated a treatment option were more likely to discuss patient non-compliance and barriers as influencing their treatment decision. Moreover, many of these physicians were less likely to discuss all available treatment options, such as BMT. Conclusions Decision making regarding disease modifying therapy in SCD is complex and the approach of physicians ranges from SDM model to that of a physician advocating for a particular treatment. These data suggest the need for greater awareness of and education about the SDM model for patients and physicians. They provide the rationale for creating of decision support systems regarding disease-modifying therapies for SCD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This article analyses user-generated YouTube cut and mix videos of irregular migration as producing communicative memory of those who have suffered at Europe's external borders. Visual and textual analyses examine a neglected perspective on the study of media representations of migration by examining a particular practice through which people engage with news images and participate in (re)construction of collective memory in relation to irregular migration. The analysis shows that while hegemonic Eurocentric imagery prevails also in the vernacular amateur productions, re-mixing different cultural productions nevertheless complicates the representation of irregular migration and affords alternative positions. The article examines an emerging area in memory studies: practices of vernacular commemoration and its convergence with more institutionalized and professional media and memory practices. The videos are communicative reactions to emotionally disturbing news images of suffering – the public's re-articulations of migration and migration control, which nevertheless are constrained into the existing mainstream media framings and entertainment economies. This type of performative citizenship is crucial for social equality, particularly since non-performance of memory in relation to contemporary migration tragedies has dominated European public spheres.


Four feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of using different levels of some medicinal plants on carcass characteristic of male broilers. In each of these experiments 300 broilers (Ross 308) from 1 to 42 days of age in two breeding periods, starter (1 to 21) and grower (22 to 42) days of age were used in a completely randomized design in 5 treatments and 3 replicates (with 20 birds in each replicate). The amounts of each medicinal plant powder were 0 to 2% for the control and the 5 experiment groups. The results showed that there were significant difference between treatments in all experiments about the carcass characteristics (p<0.05). By using chicory, the lowest percent of abdominal fat (2.16%) was observed in group 3, whereas the highest percent (3.61%) was observed in group 2. The highest and the lowest percents of thigh (27.70 and 25.37%) were observed in experiment groups 4 and 5. In using different levels of zizaphora the lowest and the highest percents of gizzard (2.54 and 3.1%) were observed in the control and the 5 groups. About nettle the highest and the lowest intestine percents (5.26 and 3.91%) were observed in control and 3 experiment groups, whereas the highest and the lowest gizzard percents (2.90 and 2.44%) were observed in 2 and control groups, the highest and the lowest percents of liver (3.85 and 2.87%) were observed in groups 5 and 3. Different levels of savoury could not affect the carcass characteristic in broilers, whereas different levels of chicory, zizaphora and nettle could effectively improve the carcass characteristics of broilers.

 Key words: Broilers, carcass traits, medicinal plants.


Abstra k . The focus of this paper is to analyze errors or irregularities in the form of improper use of the Japanese grammar in sakubun task (essay writing) as a variety of written languages.This researchadopts error analysis method with sakubun task transcript as the data sources.The results of this research indicate that the language errorsmay be caused by interference of the first language (LI) on the students' foreign language learning (L2).The study also shows that errors may be caused by lack of students'mastery of the Japanese grammar. K ata kunci : language errors, grammar, sakubun


This paper describes the deployment and first results of an acousticallylinked multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike vent field, with satellite connection to shore. Keyword : hydrothermal vents, deep sea observatory, Mid Atlantic Ridge INtrODUCtION Hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges is a fundamental process that impacts the transfer of energy and matter from the interior of the Earth to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere. The unique faunal communities that develop near these vents are sustained by chemosynthetic micro-organisms that use the hot fluid chemicals as a source of energy. Environmental instability resulting from active mid-ocean ridge processes create changes in the flux, composition and temperature of emitted vent fluids and influence the associated hydrothermal communities. The MoMAR (which stands for Monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) project was initiated 10 years ago by the InterRidge Program to promote and coordinate long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of hydrothermal vents at MAR. It aims at studying vent environmental dynamics from geophysics to microbiology. More recently, the MoMAR area has been chosen as one of the 11 key sites of the European project ESONET NoE. MoMAR-D was selected as a demonstration mission to deploy and manage a deep sea observatory at Lucky Strike for one year. Monitoring this large hydrothermal field, located in the centre of one of the most volcanically active segment of the MAR, will offer a high probability of capturing evidence for volcanic events, observing interactions between faulting, magmatism; hydrothermal circulation and, evaluating their impact on the ecosystem. DEPLOYMENt The observatory infrastructure is composed of two Sea Monitoring Nodes (SEAMON) acoustically linked to a surface relay buoy (BOREL, Fig. 1), ensuring satellite communication to the land base station in Brest (France). The entire system was deployed during the MoMARSAT cruise (The Pourquoi Pas ? /Victor6000, http://www.ifremer.fr/momarsat2010/) in October 2010. A first SEAMON node, dedicated to large scale geophysical studies, was moored in the centre of the large lava lake present in the Lucky Strike vent field. This node hosts an Ocean Bottom Sismometer (OBS) and a permanent pressure gauge (JPP) that were connected underwater using wet matable connectors (Fig.2). A second node was deployed at the base of the Tour Eiffel active edifice to study the links between faunal dynamics and variations of physico-chemical factors. This node is composed of a High Definition (HD) video camera, 6 LED lights, an Aanderaa optode (oxygen, temperature) and two in situ chemical analysers. These two nodes communicate via underwater acoustics to a BOREL buoy that is moored on the ocean surface within acoustic range of the SEAMON stations. This buoy is equipped with two identical and back up data transmission channels to ensure uninterrupted data flow. Scientific and technical data (including a low-resolution photo) are transmitted daily to the data centre in Brest. Autonomous instruments (OBS, ocean bottom tiltmeter, current meters, particle trap, colonisation experiments and temperature probes) were also deployed in the LS vent field. They will store their data for the whole duration of the experiment (1 year). rESULtS Treatment of data sets will be conducted in two stages: in near real time for the subset that is transmitted through the SEAMON system; and after the 12 months for the whole data set. The near real time data will serve both as support for scientific interpretation, and as an indicator that an event is occurring. Volcanic (eruption, underground diking event, or rapid degassing of the magma chamber), tectonic (displacement along axial faults), or hydrothermal events are all expected to occur on the MAR. Understanding the impact of these events on biological communities is one of our key objectives. The data can be viewed online, according to ESONET data policy and European directives (now, temporary access through http://www.ifremer.fr/WC2en/allEulerianNetworks). The system should be recovered in summer 2011 after 12 months on the bottom. ACkNOWLEDgEMENtS This work is partly funded by the European network of Excellence FP6-ESONET (PI R. Person, Ifremer, grant agreement 36851) and the European FP7-HERMIONE Collaborative Project (PI P. Weaver, grant agreement 226354). Instrumentation Viewpoint/11/ MARTECH11 34 tem global position using the integrated GPS receiver. This position is compared to a reference stored in the buoy deployment moment. If significant changes are detected, it is interpreted as an unwanted displacement due to a broken anchor or sabotage. In this case, an alarm is released by sending SMS messages with current position. 3. BUOY DESIgNED As important as the electronic development is the design of the mechanical structure of the buoy. The deployment of a WSN in the marine environment involves more difficulties than on land and therefore the importance of ad-hoc design to deployment characteristics [2]. Moreover it must be considered several requirements, some of these are the visibility for sea traffic, the use of the eco-material, stable behavior in adverse atmospheric conditions, low cost, lightweight, electronics housing free of the condensation phenomenon and design watertight packages. Other important factor is the mooring system to maintain horizontal the buoy and to prevent twists. Fig. 2 shows the buoy designed. It is a vertical structure which includes the different components required [2]. The communication antenna (9), the beacon light (8), the electronic mote and battery housing (10) and solar panels (11) are situated on top of the buoy. There is a float (1) on middle of the tube (2) and a counterweight (3) on bottom of the structure to provide stability to the buoy. Moreover, an anchor (4)(5) is situated on bottom of the sea to avoid displacement of the buoy location. Finally, oceanographic sensors (6)(7), on bottom of the sea, are connected with the electronic equipment (mote) on top of the buoy. REFERENCES [1] C. Albaladejo Pérez, M. Jiménez, F. Soto, R. Torres, J.A. López, A. Iborra , "A System for Monitoring Marine Environments based on Wireless Sensor Networks", OCEANS 2011. [2] C. Albaladejo, P. Sánchez, A. Iborra, F. Soto, J.A. López, R. Torres, "Wireless Sensor Networks for Oceanographic Monitoring: A Systematic Review", Sensors 2010, 10(7), 6948-6968. P.M. Sarradin1, A. Colaço2, M. Cannat3, J. blandin1, J. legrand1, J. Sarrazin1, J. Escartin3 and the project participants. 1 Ifremer, REM, centre de brest bP 70, F-29280 Plouzané, Pierre.Marie email@example.com 2 IMAR Cais de Sta Cruz 9901-862 Horta Portugal, email@example.com 3 IPgP 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75252 Paris cedex 05, firstname.lastname@example.com MONITORINg THE lUCKY STRIKE VENT FIEld IN REAl TIME


We consider the problem of comparing the similarity of image sets with variable-quantity, quality and un-ordered heterogeneous images. We use feature restructuring to exploit the correlations of both inner$\&$inter-set images. Specifically, the residual self-attention can effectively restructure the features using the other features within a set to emphasize the discriminative images and eliminate the redundancy. Then, a sparse/collaborative learning-based dependency-guided representation scheme reconstructs the probe features conditional to the gallery features in order to adaptively align the two sets. This enables our framework to be compatible with both verification and open-set identification. We show that the parametric self-attention network and non-parametric dictionary learning can be trained end-to-end by a unified alternative optimization scheme, and that the full framework is permutation-invariant. In the numerical experiments we conducted, our method achieves top performance on competitive image set/video-based face recognition and person re-identification benchmarks.


Simple Summary Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer. All current therapies involving AR inhibition either directly or indirectly target its ligand-binding domain (LBD). We have developed the first novel compounds which target the N-terminal domain, (NTD) a region which is essential for AR transcriptional activity. First-generation ralaniten (NCT02606123), and second-generation EPI-7386 (NCT04421222) remain the only AR-NTD inhibitors to progress to clinical trials. Here we aim to characterize differences between different classes of AR antagonists targeting the AR-LBD and the AR-NTD, as well as next generation AR-NTD inhibitors. An incidental finding was that ralaniten was uniquely associated with increased metallothionein expression which was independent of AR activity. Instead, expression of metallothionein genes was driven by MTF-1 indicating a potential off-target effect. Neither AR-LBD inhibitor enzalutamide nor second-generation AR-NTD inhibitor EPI-7170 had this effect. This work has important implications for the development of novel AR-NTD inhibitors. Abstract Hormonal therapies for prostate cancer target the androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD). Clinical development for inhibitors that bind to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of AR has yielded ralaniten and its analogues. Ralaniten acetate is well tolerated in patients at 3600 mgs/day. Clinical trials are ongoing with a second-generation analogue of ralaniten. Binding sites on different AR domains could result in differential effects on AR-regulated gene expression. Here, we provide the first comparison between AR-NTD inhibitors and AR-LBD inhibitors on androgen-regulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells using cDNA arrays, GSEA, and RT-PCR. LBD inhibitors and NTD inhibitors largely overlapped in the profile of androgen-induced genes that they each inhibited. However, androgen also represses gene expression by various mechanisms, many of which involve protein–protein interactions. De-repression of the transcriptome of androgen-repressed genes showed profound variance between these two classes of inhibitors. In addition, these studies revealed a unique and strong induction of expression of the metallothionein family of genes by ralaniten by a mechanism independent of AR and dependent on MTF1, thereby suggesting this may be an off-target. Due to the relatively high doses that may be encountered clinically with AR-NTD inhibitors, identification of off-targets may provide insight into potential adverse events, contraindications, or poor efficacy.


Radiative effects are considered when a scalar particle interacts with the field of an intense plane wave of a general type propagating along a magnetic field. Within the framework of operator technique the mass operator of a particle is calculated. A detailed analysis in the case of a circularly polarised monochromatic wave is carried out. The behavior of particles in the vicinity of the cyclotron resonance is analysed.


Objective To improve the hematology physicians' degree of understanding Sweet Syndrome and the level of its diagnosis.Methods A case was analyzed for the reasons for misdiagnosis of Sweet Syndrome and related literatures were reviewed.ResultsThe patient's symptoms being not typical,clinician's lack of knowledge,and careless interrogation and examination led to misdiagnosis at the beginning;when Sweet Syndrome was confirmed,the patient was recommended to hematology department for examination,which avoided second possible misdiagnosis.Conclusion Because its malignant companion disease is frequent,dermatologist should identify Sweet syndrome early in diagnosis stage,do long-term follow-up to investigate potential homeopathy after confirmation diagnosis.And dermatologist should prescribe drugs such as G-CSF with caution.


1. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 3. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 4. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain 5. Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain 6. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain 7. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 8. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC -, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 9. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author


Between 1976 and 1987, acute arterial reconstruction was performed to relieve acute upper arm ischemia in 23 cases. The clinical findings and results were as follows.1. Twenty-three cases were divided etiologically into vascular trauma (15), thrombosis (4) and embolism (4). Vascular trauma cases consisted of traumatic thrombosis (8), traumatic arterial rupture (5) and traumatic aneurysm (2).2. Fifteen cases (65%) were treated withih 3 days from onset.3. For thrombosis and embolism, the major procedure used was thorombectomy. For vascular trauma, angioplasty and arterial anastomosis were required in seven cases of traumatic rupture and thrombosis. Other procedures used were aneurysmectomy (2), bypass grafting (3) and thrombectomy (3).4. Prognosis was fair and amputation was not necessary in any case.


Abstract : The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, changed the lives of every American. With the horrible loss of life came a wake-up call that our country was embroiled in a war with wily, determined enemies. These enemies are fighting asymmetrically and are intent on destroying our way of life by any means possible. Future attacks on our nation are inevitable and our mindset must not be if weapons of mass destruction are used, but rather how are we going to respond to the aftermath when they are used . The USNORTHCOM Commander is responsible for providing military assistance to civil authorities, which includes consequence management operations in response to attacks using Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High-Yield Explosives (CBRNE). This joint Department of Defense mission must be able to respond with all the available resources that are needed in the most expeditious way possible. Presently, there are logistical resources from the United States Army Reserves (USAR) that are scarcely being implemented into the National Response Plan. This paper proposes uses for the combat support and combat service support elements of the USAR that could significantly assist the efforts of the consequence management team during a WMD catastrophic attack.


An outstanding open problem in neuroscience is to understand how neural systems are capable of producing and sustaining complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Computational models that combine local dynamics with in vivo measurements of anatomical and functional connectivity can be used to test potential mechanisms underlying this complexity. We compared two conceptually different mechanisms: noise-driven switching between equilibrium solutions (modeled by coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators) and deterministic chaos (modeled by coupled Rossler oscillators). We found that both models struggled to simultaneously reproduce multiple observables computed from the empirical data. This issue was especially manifest in the case of noise-driven dynamics close to a bifurcation, which imposed overly strong constraints on the optimal model parameters. In contrast, the chaotic model could produce complex behavior over an ampler range of parameters, thus being capable of capturing multiple observables at the same time with good performance. Our observations support the view of the brain as a non-equilibrium system able to produce endogenous variability. We presented a simple model capable of jointly reproducing functional connectivity computed at different temporal scales. Besides adding to our conceptual understanding of brain complexity, our results inform and constraint the future development of biophysically realistic large-scale models. The quote "What I cannot create, I do not understand" was found written in the blackboard of celebrated physicist Richard Feynman at the time of his death. This sentence suggests a way forward for neuroscientists interested in unravelling the principles behind the richness and complexity of spontaneous brain dynamics. Over the last decades, tremendous advances in neuroimaging enabled the construction of whole-brain activity models with real predictive power in the statistical sense. It is now possible to create realistic complex dynamics, instead of passively screening for their presence in neuroimaging data. We contrasted two different types of building blocks (i.e. two choices of local dynamics) and tested their capacity to reproduce the empirical data, with the purpose of increasing our conceptual understanding of the mechanisms behind large-scale spontaneous activity in the human brain.


Abstract : The kinematics of manipulators is studied. A model is presented which allows for the systematic description of new and existing manipulators. Six degree-of-freedom manipulators are studied. Several solutions to the problem of finding the manipulator configuration leading to a specified position and orientation are presented. Numerical as well as explicit solutions are given. The problem of positioning a multilink digital arm is also discussed. Given the solution to the position problem, a set of heuristics is developed for moving a six degree-of-freedom manipulator from an initial position to a final position through a space containing obstacles. This results in a computer program shown to be able to direct a manipulator around obstacles. (Author)


The effort to treat hypertension by surgical as well as medical means is a development of recent years. While the theoretical basis of certain operations used is insecure, some of the results obtained are worthy of serious study. Two operations among the many proposed appear most likely to be of some value. These are resection of the. anterior spinal nerve roots 1 and resection of the splanchnic nerves. 2 Three and one-half years ago Dr. George Heuer of the New York Hospital and I decided to study intensively the effects of these two operations on patients with hypertension. A plan was put into effect whereby the patients were studied for a long period in the Rockefeller Hospital and transferred to the New York Hospital for operation by Dr. Heuer. They were then returned for further study. In this manner we believed that the study would be as objective as possible.


A control module can be attached to an electrical load, such as for example (e.g., lighting load) and / or an electronic device load adjusting device. Attempts to determine the electrical load control module (e.g., a driver for the lighting load) responsive to the control of a variety of techniques or more of the control. The control module may be able to automatically determine a suitable control technique for controlling the drive connection and / or lighting loads. The control module may be sequentially attempted to use a variety of control techniques to control each of the drive control and / or lighting loads connected, and determines the drive and / or whether the lighting load in response to the current control. This variety of control techniques include one or more analog control techniques and one or more digital control.


The Discrete Cosine Transform [1] is a good but computation consuming first step of many image coding and compression algorithms for good quality, low rate transmissions. A low-cost implementation of a high-speed DCT operator would lower the price of CODEC and could open new fields of applications for DCT in real time image processing. This paper presents a one chip operator, achieving a full 16 × 16 DCT computation at video rate. Algorithmic, architectural and implementation choices combined with a careful optimization of the layout have made it possible to design a reasonnable size chip exhibiting such high performance.


Data are reported on 1457 plant extracts which were tested in the primary screens of the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. Almost all the materials were tested in Sarcoma 180, Adenocarcinoma 755, Leukemia 1210, and KB cells in culture; some tests were also carried out in Friend virus leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, Human sarcoma HS1, Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum, and Melanotic melanoma. Data are reported only on materials that have not demonstrated sufficient activity in these systems to warrant further investigation.


Power consumption of datacenters, especially of large-scale systems, has a growing concern nowadays due to economic and ecological reasons. In this paper, we propose a power-aware mechanism based on DVS that takes into account energy conservation of homogenous clusters and schedulability of deadline-constrained tasks. Although power-aware real-time scheduling heuristics have been intensively studied in the past decade years, they lack a theoretical guideline. From a theoretical perspective, we prove the necessary and sufficient conditions to test whether real-time tasks can be scheduled over a homogenous cluster, and deduce a lower bound for power reduction while guaranteeing the deadlines not violated. Besides, we develop the most power-efficient speed which can minimize the energy consumption. This speed is constant, only depending on the type of processor, and partitions an effective zone for speed scaling in a power-aware cluster. From a practical perspective, we propose a Node Scaling (NS) algorithm applying with other existing heuristics, which can further reduce the power consumption by extending the number of nodes and slowing the processor speed without missing any deadline constraints. Case studies are carried on Intel PXA270 processors. The simulation results show NS is effective for power reduction on the basis of EDF-FF.


We consider an oligopolistic market game, in which the players are competing firms in the same market of a homogeneous consumption good. The consumer side is represented by a fixed demand function. The firms decide how much to produce of a perishable consumption good, and they decide upon a number of information signals to be sent into the population in order to attract customers. Due to the minimal information provided, the players do not have a well-specified model of their environment. Given a simple mode of adaptive behavior, which we showed in a previous paper explained the data relatively well, our main objective here is to analyze whether experienced players behave differently to inexperienced players. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.


Introduction: Teaching of Clinical Nutrition should be an ally of the patient's right to humane
care. However, the literature has attracted the attention to the fact that undergraduate courses
in Nutrition are giving little importance to ethical and human dimensions in the academic life of
the nutritionist. Methods: 118 clinical cases studies, grouped according to the human life cycles,
called: children and teenagers, adults and elderly. They were analyzed considering the categories
diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In these, the variables patient participation, companion participation,
available materials, appropriate professional and multidisciplinary team. The instrument
for analysis was constituted by the theoretical framework of the disciplines that make up the clinical
area. Results: Although the cases studies have been grouped respecting the different aging
groups, the datas indicate similarity between the results of each group. It was observed that the
students do not seem to give real importance to the basic variables of humanizing expressions,
whether in the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis, since in most cases analyzed variables were not
problematized. Conclusion: The research points to the necessity of changes on the content of the
subjects of the clinical area, including not only concepts and theories, but also clinical practice.
Moreover, it raises awareness of the need for questioning regarding the topic in pedagogical
political projects of a lot of Brazilian Nutrition courses.


The diffraction of small-amplitude surface waves by a horizontally submerged disk of elliptic cross section located at a finite depth beneath the free surface is investigated analytically. The fluid domain is divided into three regions, two internal regions, one above and one beneath the disk, and an external region extending to infinity in the horizontal plane. The theoretical formulation leads to solutions for the fluid velocity potentials in each region in terms of series of Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions of real argument. Numerical results are presented for the wave-induced forces and moments, and the variation of water surface elevation in the vicinity of the disk for a range of wave and structural parameters. In particular, the results for the hydrodynamic loads show significant differences from the corresponding estimates for a circular disk, while the results for the water surface elevation clearly show the effect of wave focusing around the rear of the disk.


In the present work, the main characteristics of a Combined Cycle Full Scope Simulator for Operators´ Training (CCS) developed by the Electrical Research Institute (IIE) of México are described. The simulator is installed in the National Centre for Operator's Training and Qualification (CENAC), the capacitating entity of the Electricity Federal Commission (CFE, the Mexican electrical utility company). In general, the models were developed using the basic conservation principles of mass, energy and momentum. However, due to some particular circumstances a simplified approach to simulate some systems was adopted. The causes of this resolution and some results of the simulator are also presented in this paper.


There is a growing public and political interest i n effects of agricultural policy on income distribu tion in the agricultural sector. However, tools for an ex-an te analysis of impacts of sectoral or macroeconomic policies on the individual farm income level can hardly be foun d for the agricultural sector. Most of the literatu re regarding redistributive effects of agricultural policy is ex -post and static in nature. Against this background, the main objective of this paper is to develop a tool that is able to consistently assess impacts of sectoral policy on i ndividual farm incomes, thereby building up on existing approaches of model coupling and taking behavioural effects i nto account. For illustrative purposes redistributive effects of different liberalization scenarios of European agr icultural policy on the West German agricultural sector are analysed. T he analysis of inequality effects based on individu al data is compared to an analysis based on more aggregate far m groups. It is revealed that the amount of inequal ity may be seriously underestimated when only taking grouped da ta into account. Redistributive effects of liberali z tion scenarios differ slighty in absolute terms and more in relative terms.


This paper proposes a new kind of polymer actuator, braid-shape polymer microactuator, BSPM. The BSPM is braided by narrow PVDF tapes. This paper aims at analyzing the effects of the braiding method and solving the methodology of braiding. It is difficult to realize the prototype and confirm its properties by experiment. Therefore, this paper introduces ways of construction of the braided polymer films. The physical model of deformation of BSPM is described and the deformation of the BSPM is analyzed. Some prototypes of BSPM, and some basic experimental results, are presented.


The first of these sessions focused on a presentation by Dan Nunan (Birkbeck), summarising his paper, 'The declining use of the term "market research"' (IJMR 58/4, pp . 503–522), followed by a panel discussion with Nunan, Virginia Monk (Network Research) and Sanchia Templar (BT), chaired by Corrine Moy (GfK) . While the evidence presented by Nunan points to a declining use of the term 'market research' and a growth in peripheral activities across the sector – points that the other panellists agreed with – it seems hard to identify an appropriate replacement term, or 'branding', that encapsulates the expanding range of activities carried out by agencies, consultants and within client organisations . Nunan also pointed out that 'market research' is viewed as a vocational skill-set from an academic perspective and that job vacancies still predominantly use the term market research, despite the changing nature of the sector . This focus on narrow skill-sets can be detrimental to pay, status, career prospects and attracting talent to the sector, despite the widespread application of 'market research' in developing strategy . But this is hardly a new debate! From the floor, Simon Chadwick (CEO Insights Association) described how the changing nature of the market research sector in the United States, especially within client organisations where the focus is increasingly on the creation of insight from a range of data sources requiring a wider range of specialisms and skill-sets, led to the name 'Insights Association' being chosen for the new body formed from the amalgamation of CASRO and the MRA . We seem to be rather confused at present about our identity, but need clarity . It seems to me that simply applying generic terms such as 'research', 'insight' or 'evidence' does not provide the obvious context for the focus, applications and promotion of the sector that the term 'market' implies . As one speaker commented, labels create shortcuts (heuristics) . One key attribute of market research mentioned in the discussion is the strong ethical foundations that underpin and Editorial


The unburned carbon particle, formed due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass, raises great environmental and health problems. During the measurement of flames, a non-intrusive and in situ optical method is preferred rather than probe sampling method. Also the method with high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution is required for fast dynamic reactions such as combustion research. The technique based on laser-induced incandescence (LII) has been developed to characterize the soot particles. In this work, the simulation of LII signals have been did. In the simulation, different parameters have been applied and acquired corresponding results. The method provides theoretical results to analyze LII signals, and will eventually use in experimentation


Objective To get the firsthand material about the infection situation of Demodicid mites among the inhabitants of a county.Method Transparent adhesive tape was pasted around the nose and forehead of the inhabitants.Results Demodicid mites infection rate was 45%(45/100),while there was no statistical significance related with sex or skin type(P0.05).The evidence showed that the infection rate of Demodicid mites was related to age,sharing towel and frequence of washing face(P0.05),and the infection rate was higher in patients suffered from some skin diseases.Conclusion The infection rate of Demodicid mite is high among the inhabitants living in country,meanwhile it seems to be related to age and skin diseases.


As part of ambitious development plans to revitalise the city of Helsingborg, an international competition was launched in 2014 for the design of a new Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge linking the main Public Transport hub in the City Centre to the area called Oceanhamnen. Ramboll was ultimately successful in the design competition with an innovative proposal for a unique bridge form, a suspension/cable stayed hybrid, conceived as a gently inclined flowing S form. This paper charts the development of the design focusing primarily on the use of parametric modelling software to determine the bridge's intricate 3-dimensional geometry. This process simultaneously confirmed the final aesthetic form and addressed complex structural and buildability issues to ultimately make this unique bridge both structurally efficient and costeffective.


This study aims to determine the level of role of agricultural extension workers on adopting integrated crop management, determine the level of adoption of integrated crop management of paddy rice in increasing productivity, analyze the relationship between the role of agricultural extension workers and adoption of integrated crop management, and analyze the relationship between adoption of integrated crop management and the productivity of lowland rice.  Determination of sampling conducted by proporsional random sampling and obtained 99 people divided into eight agricultural extension work areas.  The research data is analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics of Rank Spearman correlation test.  The results of the study showed that the role of field agricultural extension workers in the management of integrated crops of paddy fields was in the medium classification; these roles included activities in education, dissemination, facilitation, consultation, supervision, monitoring, and evaluation. Adoption of integrated plant management based on the use of quality seeds and planting systems, irrigation, fertilization, control of plant pests, handling of harvests to post-harvest were in the medium classification. The role of field agricultural extension workers was significantly correlated with the adoption of integrated crop management, while adoption of integrated crop management was related to the productivity of lowland rice.Key words : adoption, agricultural extension workers, integrated crop management, paddy, roles


A welfare-theory-based framework for the evaluation of urban transportation investments is described. An economic efficiency criterion is developed in terms of the community demand schedules for accessibility and for environmental quality. A procedure for modifying this efficiency criterion to reflect income distribution goals is presented. It is argued that the necessary empirical information for this evaluation framework must be derived from the application of some consistent theory of democratic group decisions. A number of models of the political process are then reviewed. Recent experience with several institutional frameworks for planning is discussed and some of the principles of the models are used to evaluate this experience. The contributions that available models of the political process might make to the extension of the welfare-based-evaluation framework are then explored. The elementary extensions presented in the paper provide a basis for studying the goal formulation and weighting processes in particular communities. Comparative studies in a number of urban communities should lead to the development of a meaningful institutional framework for urban transportation planning activities.


Analytical expressions for the thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field are derived.This is accomplished by first deriving the general expression for the thermodynamical potential,and then employing this result to obtain the corresponding expression for the two-dimensional gas.The chemical potential and magnetization are studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field,and shown to be in agreement with prior work.It is also shown that the results are close to those obtained by assuming a Gaussian density of states for the Landau levels.


Introduction: The Guarani people from the indigenous village of Tekoa Pyau, in the municipality of São Paulo, are confined to a small area imperiled by territorial disputes and surrounded by intense urbanization. These circumstances hinder their traditional practices and favor an increasing circulation of people and industrialized goods, diminishing their autonomy in relation to such goods, thus impacting political, environmental, economic, spiritual, social and health-related aspects of the community. The sociocosmological knowledge that informs their culture and practices around food could be powerful tools for fostering alliances between traditional food systems and government policies. Objective: Discuss Food and Nutritional Security in relation to existing public policies for the village and elaborate proposals for their effectiveness. Method: Ethnography was chosen to understand a world in which food practices can only be apprehended within their local meaning. Results: The Guarani categorize foods as "dead foods" (purchased in supermarkets and that weaken their bodies, including ultra-processed foods) and "living foods" (extracted from nature directly, which strengthens them). Among the "living foods" they yield avaxi etei ('real corn'), a gift from Nhanderu ('Our Father' deity) and basic ingredient of their traditional foods. Conclusion: In the data analysis, public mismanagement of resources with inappropriate distribution of infant formulas, political invisibility and school meal programs with no relation to the traditional food are examined. In order to build appropriate public policies, it is important to consider the link between traditional foods and the cosmology, and to understand the healthcare practices of the Guarani.


Axial Period,the concept first raised by German philosopher Kari Jaspers in the 20th century essentially suggests that during the period about 120 years from the 6th century BC there appeared 5 intellectual giants in the world who believed that the human wisdom and spiritual power could defeat greed and evil as well as push the progress of the world and initiate a new voyage of people's spiritual life over the world.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of innovation management in the eighteenth century in the context of the search for precision time keeping in the watch making industry. In particular it looks at how knowledge was managed and transferred among interested stakeholders in the process.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the published horological literature on the subject and considers it within modern theories relating to the management of innovation.Findings – This paper illustrates that personal contact and collaboration is important to the development of innovation. The paper highlights the importance of networking in the process of innovation and collaboration as a means to share and develop ideas. Collaboration with organisations working in adjacent technologies was found to be present and competition promoted by the incentive of financial reward was found to be a motivator factor for moving innovation forward.Originality/value – This paper will be helpful to aca...


We demonstrate how to track atomic motion within a unit cell when driving a phonon mode in the prototypical perovskite SrTiO3 with intense THz pulses. We show that at the highest THz fields nonlinear phonon coupling is observed and energy is transferred coherently from the low frequency soft mode into higher frequency phonon modes.


Objective
To explore the clinical effect of renal transplant from donation after citizen's death (DCD) donors with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
This was an observational retrospective study of 622 patients who underwent renal transplantation from 312 DCD donors' kidneys at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2011 to December 2016. The transplant patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria based on initial and terminal creatinine values. We evaluated and compared transplant outcomes of these two groups.

Results
There were 131 donors with AKI, and the incidence of AKI was 42.0%. AKI group and non-AKI group recipients respectively had DGF in 20.2% and 7.2% of cases (P<0.01), 153.6±56.2 and 119.3±40.7 μmol/L of serum creatinine (SCr) levels at 1st month (P<0.01), and 38.5±14.1 and 57.6±23.4 ml·min-1 (1.73 m2)-1 of eGFR at 1st month (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in SCr and eGFR between two groups at 1st year after transplantation.

Conclusion
Most of kidneys from DCD donors with AKI can be considered for transplantation. Renal transplantation of organs from DCD donors with AKI showed greater DGF but good outcomes.

Key words:
Acute kidney injury; Organ donation; Kidney transplantation


Laser weapons have long been the subject of debate. The article discusses the potential adoption of laser weapons by infantry units and the future of small firearms. The text analyses these weapons in selected categories that subsequently support the evaluations and the conclusion. If miniaturisation is successfully managed, the comparison reveals an interesting paradox. While laser weapons and firearms do not rival each other as distinct functionalities, given the right conditions, they can actually complement each other and compensate for any disadvantages within their respective categories. Today's complex battlefield is placing ever greater demands on small arms, pushing conventional weapon mechanisms – combined with ammunition that guarantees accuracy and lower recoil, albeit at the expense of penetration – towards the limits of further possible advancement in technology. Improved passive individual protection restricts the wounding potential of pistol ammunition, reducing it to below 150 m for rifle cartridges, while guided ammunition tends to be prohibitively expensive. Under the right conditions, laser weapons could compensate for any of these drawbacks.


This article considers attachment from a post-modern, narrative and psychosocial perspective. Charles Dickens' Little Dorrit is used as a case study from which to explore these perspectives. The received wisdom that attachment styles are almost exclusively derived from the caregiver-infant relationship is critiqued, making use of the personal history of one of the authors to illustrate the importance of unintentional and unforeseen childhood experiences in generating attachment narratives. Attachment is treated not merely as a psychological phenomenon, but impacted on by social forces and occurring within social frameworks including identity. Literary sources offer one lens through which such psychosocial phenomena can be examined. Dickens' story illustrates the difficulties faced by boys and men in terms of gendered attachment behaviours, but does so without falling into the trap of portraying either men or women in stereotypical ways. The authors propose that avoidant attachment is a defence against the possibility of extreme dependency, and that the underlying fear is therefore the same for both avoidant and ambivalent internal working models, namely that the loved one will disappear. The therapeutic relationship is conceptualised as one in which personal narratives are re-authored within a collaborative and co-creative framework, but the possibility of re-authoring is also considered possible without the intervention of a psychotherapist and the arts in particular are considered as media in which reflective function is fostered. Conclusions are drawn for how literature can act as research data in order to enhance understanding of the psychosocial complexity within which individuals negotiate issues of attachment.


The main object of this investigation was to obtain an energy distribution curve for the electrons emitted by radium D during its disintegration. Such a distribution curve may be expected to be made up by the electrons coming from the nucleus, which have a continuous distribution of energy, together with secondary particles forming groups of homogeneous energy, produced by the action of the single y-ray of radium D. The nuclear electrons are of great interest because owing to their very low energy they have never been identified with any certainty. The energy distribution finally obtained is shown in fig. 4, each point on the curve representing the number of particles having energies lying within 1000 volts on either side of the point. A secondary object of the work was to attempt to estimate the absolute number of particles emitted per disintegration, which number should, of course, be unity for the nuclear particles and some fraction less than unity for the secondary groups. The latter are due to the ejection of electrons from the L and outer atomic levels only, since the energy of the y-ray, 47,200 volts, is insufficient to ionise the K level. The method used was to photograph the tracks formed by the particles in a Wilson expansion chamber. The ranges of the tracks, which consisted of lines of drops formed on the ions produced by the passage of the particle, were measured using a stereoscopic method. By measuring sufficient ranges it is possible to obtain an approximately accurate range distribution curve and by calculation an energy distribution could be deduced. With an expansion chamber of given dimensions it is only possible to measure tracks whose ranges lie between certain limits. Fortunately, a particle of given energy will have a range which depends greatly on the nature of the gas through which it passes and by varying the composition of the gas in the chamber it is possible to bring particles forming different parts of the energy distribution within the ranges which can be conveniently measured. In the present work three gas mixtures were used resulting in three energy distribution curves, valid over different regions. These are shown in fig. 3, and are combined to give the complete distribution in fig. 4.


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Composition of fatty acid in silver carp and its food, planktons was analysed by GC. High contents of EPA and DHA in the fish musele were found, which accounted for 19.4%~28.1% of the total fatty acid. That was because the planktons contained rich C 18∶3 ω 3 、 EPA and DHA, which were converted into EPA and DHA in silver carp through metabolism. As fas as contents of EPA and DHA were concered, the results of analysis were equivalent to those of the marine fish, which further proves that silver carp has excellent nutritional value and is valuable freshwater fish resource for processing and utilization.


In positron emission mammography (PEM) sampling artifacts can be introduced from the use of discrete crystals which form planar stationary detectors. With the breast positioned in between the two detectors, the images are reconstructed by backprojecting lines of response (LORs) onto seven, equally spaced, virtual image planes. LORs are assumed to start and end on a unique point which is the centroid of interaction of gamma rays within each crystal. This effect limits the sampling of the image space and introduces gridlike sampling artifacts due to the variable density of LORs that intersect each pixel in the image. When using crystals that are very densely pixilated, as in PEM, the regions associated with each crystal in the crystal identification matrix may overlap. We postulate that by allowing the LORs to shift away from the centroid, toward the next most probable crystal element, sampling artifacts should be reduced. The solid angle function is an image uniformity correction function that corrects for the varying geometrical efficiencies of image pixels. The solid angle function is the last thing applied before the images are displayed. We postulate that by reordering the solid angle function and the smoothing algorithm, image quality should improve. Reformatting data from contrast resolution and point source phantom studies with the new strategies showed no or very few sampling artifacts. Contrast resolution measurements showed an improvement in both contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. In most cases point source measurements showed an improvement in spatial resolution and a reduction in noise. The clinical PEM images were reformatted with the new strategies where they showed no sampling artifacts and were smoother. The reformatted images were easier to interpret.


Minahasa is a somewhat atypical and lesser known part of Indonesia. Located in the northern tip of the island of Sulawesi, the district surrounds the provincial capital of North Sulawesi, Manado. With the exception of Bunaken marine park and some other diving spots, Manado and its surrounding province is not a hugely popular destination for tourists. Furthermore, in the context of the modern Indonesian state, neither Minahasa nor North Sulawesi have been dominant regions within the archipelago. The fact that the population is majority Christian further differentiates it from other Indonesian provinces and demonstrates its traditionally strong ties to the Dutch and a very pro-western outlook.


Topographic effects on runoff generation have been documented observationally (e.g., Dunne and Black, 1970) and are the subject of the physically based rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979; Beven, 1986a;b) and its extensions, which incorporate variable soil transmissivity effects (Sivapalan et al, 1987, Wood et al., 1988; 1990). These effects have been shown to exert significant control over the spatial distribution of runoff, soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and by extension, the latent and sensible heat fluxes


In 2004, an archaeological survey was carried out in Aukstumala upland bog (in the Silutė district in western Lithuania), during which the remains of settlements from the Late Palaeolithic and Middle Mesolithic periods were discovered. These were the first sites from the Late Glacial and Early Holocene periods to be found in the lower reaches of the River Nemunas. The chronology and topography of the sites helped to identify the chronology of the area's population, and to localise the natural environment in which the people of these periods lived. Based on the typology of the discovered artefacts, manufactured flint items in the Palaeolithic settlement were identified as being close to Late Arensburgian culture, and those of the Middle Mesolithic to Maglemosian or Early Nemunas culture. Key words: Aukstumala, Palaeolithic site, Mesolithic site, Arensburgian, Mesolithic Nemunas culture, Lithuania. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.815


There have been several technical monographs on echocardiography written by pioneers in the field in this country. The present monograph was designed, its authors affirm, not as a competitive monograph for books by these basic investigators. Rather, the authors' aim was to provide an illustrated guide of characteristic echocardiographic demonstrations with appropriate explanation for medical students, house officers, primary care physicians, and internists who are not directly involved in performing or interpreting echocardiographic studies but who have a great need for understanding the interpretations and information afforded by this technique. The book is very thorough in its presentation and moves in an orderly sequence through the various intracardiac structures, which are commonly visualized rather well by echocardiography. The usually accepted normal ranges of echocardiographic dimensions are listed in a conspicuous location in the first chapter. Very good references are supplied for those who desire to read further on any one


Morphological characteristics of the terrestrial (Acteonemertes, Antiponemertes, Argonemertes, Katechonemertes, Leptonemertes) and freshwater (Campbellonemertes, Potamonemertes) paramonostiliferous nemerteans, all of which are at present unplaced at the family level, are compared and contrasted with those of the marine genera Plectonemertes (Plectonemertidae), Cratene-mertes, Korolkevilschia and Nippormemertes (Cratenemertidae). It is concluded that whilst Acteonemertes, Antiponemertes, Argonemertes, Campbellonemertes and Potamonemertes can with certainty be placed in the family Plectonemertidae, the unspecialized and geographically isolated genera Katechonemertes and Leptonemertes, although lacking positive grounds for their exclusion, are only questionably included in this taxon. The possible evolutionary relationships of the plectonemertid genera are discussed and a diagnosis of the family is provided.


This paper presents a remote testbed for metallic fuel fabrication using surrogates or depleted uranium. The testbed named "remote fuel fabrication mock-up (RFFM)" was created at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and specifically designed to incorporate remote operation and maintenance. The subsystems of the RFFM are described, and test results regarding remotely conducted metallic fuel slug fabrication at the RFFM are also presented. After fabricating fuel slugs using copper ingots, their specifications and properties were analyzed and evaluated using chemical analysis, radiographic tests, and diameter and weight measurements. Analysis results showed that the fabricated metallic fuel slugs have an acceptance rate of more than 90% and a casting ratio (ratio of weight of injected metal to charged metal) of more than 0.7. Moreover, operations involving remote handling of in-cell equipment were also satisfactory.


Computer science educators generally agree that abstract thinking is a crucial component for learning computer science in general and programming in particular. We report on a study to confirm the hypothesis that general abstraction ability has a positive impact on programming ability. Abstraction ability is operationalized as stages of cognitive development (for which validated tests exist). Programming ability is operationalized as grade in the final assessment of a model-based objects-first CS1. The validity of the operationalizations is discussed. Surprisingly, our study shows that there is no correlation between stage of cognitive development (abstraction ability) and final grade in CS1 (programming ability). Possible explanations are identified.


The movement of three pairs of different non-photoresponsive rotaxanes can be efficiently controlled by visible light through a photo-induced proton-transfer (PIPT) strategy in the presence of the photoacid 1-MEH. Moreover, the PIPT strategy also provides systems with a good fatigue resistance after more than 50 cycles.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C30H22O7, neighbouring benzene rings are twisted out of the plane of the five-membered ring by 27.30 (3) and 45.47 (3)°.


108 pigs were administered Prolan S to stimulate estrus and ovulation. 17 were small sows with anestrus and 14 were sows that would not go into estrus after separation from piglets. These animals were injected with 2 ml of the preparation. 77 sows were injected with 3 ml the 2nd day after separation from their piglets. The animals were then naturally mated. Fertilization successfully occurred in 76.5% of the anestrous animals in 78.6% of the 2nd group and in 92.2% of the 3rd group. Prolan S was judged to be effective and useful in both the treatment of anestrus and in regulating the resumption of normal estrus after separation from young.(Authors modified)


In recent years, the worldwide coating industries and scientific communities have introduced superhydrophobic coatings with exceptional water repellency for marine, automotive, and medical applications. Various research works has been devoted to creating a superhydrophobic surface. This review attempts to highlight the recent development and technical breakthrough on superhydrophobic coatings and its potential application in various fields. Moreover, emphasis has also been on providing insight regarding the recent development in superhydrophobic coatings using nanotechnology focusing both on novel preparation strategies and on investigations of their distinctive properties.


A model derivation is presented for the effect of current drive on the saturated width of magnetic islands driven by the neoclassical tearing mode instability in axisymmetric plasmas. The derivation is carried out for continuous current drive as well as for modulated current that is driven at the same angle as the island O-point. The results of the derivation are implemented in a revision of the ISLAND module to compute saturated magnetic island widths. It is found that the greatest stabilizing effect of both modulated and continuous current drive on the island width is achieved when current is driven at the island center. In addition, narrow current drive is more effective at stabilizing the magnetic islands than wide current drive, for which more current falls outside the island. When modulated and continuous current drives are compared for equal total driven current, the modulated current is shown to be more effective, particularly as the offset from the island center increases.


17 cases of partial molar pregnancy were analysed cytogenetically by the direct-preparation method. Eight partial moles were triploid, 7 diploid/tetraploid mosaic, and 2 tetraploid. In the course of prenatal cytogenetic screening, out of 1,263 chorionic villus samplings, 2 tetraploid and 1 diploid/tetraploid cases were found. These cases of partial moles do not fit into the usual patterns of triploid partial moles. The findings presented here suggest that different causative factors may be involved in the origin of molar degenerations. These results also call to attention that tetraploidy is an existent and relatively common abnormality.


The disposal of solid waste is one of the major problems faced by fast developing urban areas today. Among all the disposal option of solid waste, Composting can be one of the sustainable solution for waste disposal. Seeing the amount of compost generated through MSW it can be effectively used for agricultural purposes as a replacement for synthetic fertilizer. As synthetic fertilizers do not support microbiological life in the soil and also leads to a negative impact on the environment throughout its lifecycle. Thus, integrated use of synthetic fertilizer along with urban waste compost can be an excellent solution to waste disposal these problems and it would also improve the soil properties. This study focuses on the importance of supplementing synthetic fertilizer with urban waste compost so that it would improve soil properties and analyzing its effect on environment. Life cycle assessment is carried out to predict the impact of integrated use of synthetic fertilizer and urban waste compost on environment.


Liubagou gold deposit,lying in the north margin of North China Craton,is a typical deposit characterized by largely potash feldspathization.Geological characteristics of rare earth elements in quartz and pyrite of the Liubagou gold deposit show that the early ore-forming fluid(K-feldspar) is hypothermal and reductive,and that the ore-forming fluid temperature decreases gradually.The Eu positive anomaly of quartz and pyrite is an important typomorphic characteristic for exploring the quartz and K-feldspar vein type gold deposits,and the Eu positive anomaly is proportional to ore-bearing potential.The middle and east parts of No.313 vein in the Liubagou gold deposit are the key prospecting areas.It is very possible to find the quartz and K-feldspar vein type gold deposit in the deep region.


The qualitative and quantitative detection of the toxic semi-volatile organic compounds including propanoic acid,isopropylbenzeen,2-phenyl-2-propene,2-phenyl-1-propanal,acetophenone,2-phenyl-2-propanol,1-phenethyl alcohol,phenol,benzoic acid in phenol-acetone production wastewater was established in this paper.The phenol-acetone production wastewater was pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction method with dichloromethane as the extraction solvent before detected by gas chromatography-mass chromatography(GC/MS).The conditions of chromatography were:DB-17 MS column(30 m×320 μm×0.25 μm),temperature programming,injected volume was 1 μL,MSD detector.The results showed that this method was available for analyzing toxic semi-volatile organic compounds in wastewater samples,all the nine compounds were well separated under the given chromatography conditions.The detection limits were below 0.04 mg/L,the relative standard deviations were in the range of 2.14%-5.15%,and the recovery rate was relative stable.The main compound in phenol-acetone production wastewater was 2-phenyl-2-propanol,which was followed by phenol,2-methylpropionic acid and 1-methylethyl-benzen.


S>By comparing the spectra of zircon and pliosphorus on the basis of zirconium orthosilicate activated by various rare-earth elements, it was proved that the groups of lines in the yellow-green and the blue region belong only to dysprosium and the ultra-violet group is called forth by the presence of gadolinium in the samples. (auth)


College readiness is a national policy priority in the United States, yet relatively little is known from large national samples about the factors and experiences that determine college readiness for historically underrepresented minorities at 4-year colleges and universities. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors and experiences that influence various measures of college readiness for historically underrepresented or underserved minorities (URMs) at 4-year colleges and universities using data from the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS:2002). Using multivariate statistics and hierarchical linear regression techniques, the author examines the following questions: (a) Are there differences among historically underrepresented groups in their level of college readiness? and (b) What factors significantly predict URMs' college readiness as measured by high school GPA, 12th grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) standardized math score, and 12th grade highest math level? Implications for future policy, practice, and research are highlighted.


The eighteenth century was a period of important changes. The demographic increase experienced since the beginning of the century and illustrated policies carried out —the loss of crops, fences and land shoulder—, produced a restructuring of economic activities that originated a sec- toral movement of its agents. The unpublished document presented here, the extraordinary military enlistment in 1795 in the town of valencia de alcantara, highlights these and other changes that occurred in the final moments of the old regime, facts that seem extensible to other places of the antique Province of extremadura.


This is the first part of a two-part report that revisits and updates the verification and validation (V&V) of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). The V&V study in this part of the report focuses on hydrodynamic and wave modeling. With the updated CMS code (Version 5) and its latest graphical user interface, the Surface-water Modeling System (Version 13), the goal of this study is to revisit some early CMS V&V cases and assess some new cases on model performance in coastal applications. The V&V process includes the comparison and evaluation of the CMS output against analytical solutions, laboratory experiments in prototype cases, and field cases in and around coastal inlets and navigation projects. The V&V results prove that the basic physics incorporated are represented well, the computational algorithms implemented are accurate, and the coastal processes are reproduced well. This report provides the detailed descriptions of those test simulations, which include the model configuration, the selection of model parameters, the determination of model forcing, and the quantitative assessment of the model and data comparisons. It is to be hoped that, through the V&V process, the CMS users will better understand the model's capability and limitation as a tool to solve real-world problems.


The business process execution language for Web services(BPEL)provides a powerful technology to aggregate encapsulated functionalities and define high-value Web services.While being a powerful language,BPEL is difficult to use.On the other hand,the colored Petri nets(CPNs)allow for the modeling,analysis and verification of Web services.In order to build a bridge between the CPNs collaboration model and the execution of the business processes,the CPNs based approach for process-model driven deduction of compatible BPEL code was presented.At first,the CPNs collaboration model was transformed into structured workflow net(WF-net)model.Then,the WF-net model was transformed into the BPEL code.At last,the case study of repairing telephones was provided to illustrate the applicability of the transformation algorithm.


Aims:  To determine the impact of medium composition, bacterial strain, trehalose accumulation, and relative humidity during seed storage on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds.


The shortcomings in the diagnostic value of the Wassermann reaction have been demonstrated by many authors. Of late, however, in addition to errors inherent to this reaction on account of its very nature, different investigators called attention to discrepancies arising from the use of various modifications. There is a definite tendency among the serologists to standardize the Wassermann test as a whole and thus make the results obtained by different workers comparable. In view of facilitating this standardization, we wish to call attention to certain qualities of antigen which have not been described thus far. So far as the chemical composition of antigen is concerned, the pure lipoid (acetone insoluble fraction of tissue lipoids) properly prepared is, in our experience, by far superior to any watery or alcoholic extracts, as well as to those reinforced by cholesterin. 1 We found, however, that in order to obtain constant results it is not sufficient to merely ascertain the chemical composition of antigen, but its physical state as well. By changing the method of emulsifying the alcoholic solution of acetone insoluble tissue lipoids in salt solution, we obtained emulsions which were essentially different from one another. In general, the emulsions can be divided into two groups: those opaque and those only slightly opalescent and fluorescent. The two types are essentially different; thus no amount of dilution of the opaque emulsions will give them the fluorescent appearance characteristic for the second group of emulsions even though the degree of opalescence can be approached. We found that the results of Wassermann tests performed on the same sera with these two emulsions give different results, and in general the opaque emulsions are more anticomplementary and the fluorescent are more antigenic.


This paper describes a 1.25-Gb/s all-digital clock and data recovery (ADCDR) circuit with binary frequency acquisition which is never achieved in reference-less ADCDR systems. The proposed configuration of digital loop filter without any adder can minimize to loop latency and the recovered clock jitter. The proposed ADCDR circuit occupies a chip area of 0.9times0.7 mm2 and consumes 80 mW from a single 1.8-V power supply. Simulation results show the binary frequency acquisition time is less than 500 ns and the total lock time is less than 800 ns while receiving a 1.25 Gb/s NRZ data. The recovered eye diagram exhibits 45 ps peak-peak jitter.


Objective
To analyze the angiographic results of intracranial aneurysms without complete embolization immediately after low-profile visualized intraluminal support device (LVIS) stent at mid-term follow up, and explore the risk factors for healing of partial occluded aneurysms.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-one patients with intracranial aneurysms treated by LVIS stent embolization in our hospital from December 2014 to December 2018 were selected; 193 aneurysms in total, including 93 un-ruptured aneurysms and 100 ruptured aneurysms, were noted. DSA was performed immediately after operation to evaluate the degrees of aneurysm embolization according to Raymond grading criteria. The embolization degrees of aneurysms were compared at 8 months after surgery and immediately after surgery, and the healing of aneurysms (Raymond grading 1) was calculated. Univariate Logistic regression analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis (forward maximum likelihood ratio method) were used to screen the risk factors for healing of incomplete aneurysm embolization.

Results
The embolization degrees immediately after surgery were as follows: 78 were with Raymond grading 1, 54 with Raymond grading 2, and 61 with Raymond grading 3; complete aneurysm embolization were noted in 78 aneurysms (40.41%) and incomplete aneurysm embolization were noted in 115 (59.59%). Follow up (8 months after surgery) results indicated that, of the 193 aneurysms, 171 were with Raymond grading 1, 10 with Raymond grading 2, and 12 with Raymond grading 3; there were 171 aneurysms (88.60%) having complete aneurysm embolization and 22 (11.40%) having incomplete aneurysm embolization. In the aneurysms having incomplete aneurysm embolization immediately after surgery, the healing rate was 81.74% (94/115). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, posterior circulation aneurysm, dissecting aneurysm, body-neck ratio and embolization degrees immediately after surgery were risk factors for healing of aneurysms (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that posterior circulation aneurysm and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for healing of aneurysms (P<0.05). The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve of the regression model was 0.755, indicating that the prediction efficiency of the regression model was moderate.

Conclusion
Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with LVIS stent is effective, and the complete occlusion rate is high, even in the aneurysms with incomplete embolization immediately after surgery; aneurysms located in the posterior circulation and associated with diabetes can affect the treatment of aneurysms.

Key words:
Intracranial aneurysm; Endovascular treatment; LVIS stent; Embolization


Groundwater contaminations by salt water are frequently observed especially in coastal zones. Moreover, upconing phenomena induced by important pumping is one of the major factor stressing and aggravating the process. After a short synthesis of the coupled equations describing the transport and density dependent flow, a finite element program able to simulate accurately this kind of problems is proposed: the SUFT program (Saturated Unsaturated Flow and Transport model). In order to avoid numerical instabilities, two methods have been introduced in this code covering by this way all the practical cases: the convection dominated as well as the dispersion/diffusion dominated transport cases. The validation procedure for this program has been completed on different well known academic cases for which analytical or numerical results have been previously published by many authors.


Abstract A direct and simple method for arsenic in organic compounds involves merely dissolution of the sample in an organic solvent, such as benzene, cyclohexane, or methyl isobutyl ketone, and direct aspiration into a fuel-rich acetylene-oxygen flame. The arsenic line at 2350 A is used; the detection limit is 2.2 u/ml. From iron and copper matrices arsenic is isolated by extraction from a solution 9 M in HCI and 0.25 M in KI with benzene.


The electromagnetic response of anticline fold models in a uniform field has been studied using scale-modeling. With the increasing conductance the in-phase anomaly increases initially but then starts to decrease and finally attains a negative saturations, whilst the quadrature anomaly reaches a positive saturation. E.M. response of folds is similar to that of an interaction between two weakly coupled circuits in a dipolar field. The base of the fold is one of the characteristic parameters to determine the measured response.


Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the decrease in uterine volume and fibroid volume in patients with uterine leiomyoma who were receiving low-dose mifepristone for 3 months as well as evaluating relief in symptoms produced by this medication. Design: This was a prospective study carried out in a tertiary-care center. Materials and Methods: Fifty women (ages 30–50) with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma were given 10 mg of mifepristone per day for 3 months. The patients' decrease in menstrual and pressure symptoms and reduction in uterine and fibroid volume, measured by transvaginal sonography, were assessed at the end of 3 months of treatment and after 3 months of stopping treatment. Results: There was a significant reduction in the patients' uterine and fibroid volume at the end of 3 months. The mean reductions in uterine and fibroid volume after 1 month were up to 9.6% and 11.1%, respectively; after the second month, they were respectively, 18.3% and 21.4%; and after the third month...


ABSTRACT In the current study, it was tried to design and synthesize a new derivative of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a result of reaction with D-maltose (β-CD-M) to compare and investigate its capability as an anticancer drug nanocarrier. The success in the β-CD-M synthesis was validated via common characterization techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results indicate that the obtained β-CD-M molecule has a crystalline structure with a size of less than 100 nm. In the following, methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) as the model of anticancer drugs were separately loaded in β-CD-M and their release profile was obtained. The outcome of the cytotoxic assay against MCF 10A cells indicated that β-CD-M is biocompatible and could be used as a drug carrier. Overall, from the obtained results, the synthesized biocompatible β-CD-M with more drug loading capacity and a controlled release profile in comparison to unmodified β-CD could be proposed as a potential nanocarrier for anticancer drug delivery.


Let S be a semigroup containing a minimal left ideal. Then S contains a kernel K which is a union of all the minimal left ideals of S. If a is any element of S, then Ka is a left ideal of S but not necessarily a minimal left ideal of S. In connection with some questions concerning random walks on semigrou ps prof. L. Schmetterer asked me some years ago to characterize those semigroups for which Ka is a minimal left ideal of S for all aeS. In this paper we first show that such semigroups can be described as right compositions of a special type of semigrou ps (denoted in this paper as (//-semigr oups). The converse problem is the following: Given a family of (//-semigrou ps we have to decide whether they admit at least one right composition (which is then a semigroup of the desired type). Though there is a general method how to proceed in concrete cases (see (3)), the solution of this question in reasonabl y simple terms seems hopeless. Hence we restrict our considerations to some special cases.


The holomorphic accessory parameters for the Heun (Fuchs with four singularities) and the Lamé equations are obtained by taking the classical limit of some null vector decoupling equations appearing in two-dimensional conformal field theory. In addition, a link between the aforementioned accessory parameters and the solution of some Bethe-like equations which occur in the supersymmetric gauge theories, is established.


This paper develops a tractable version of a two-sector open economy model with search frictions in order to account for the relative price and relative wage effect of technology shocks biased toward the traded sector. Using a panel of eighteen OECD countries, our estimates show that higher productivity in tradables relative to non trad- ables causes an appreciation in the relative price of non tradables along with a decline in non traded relative to traded wages while both responses display a considerable dis- persion across countries. The fall in the relative wage reveals the presence of mobility costs preventing wage equalization across sectors, while the cross-country dispersion in the relative wage responses suggest differences in labor market regulation. Using a set of indicators capturing the heterogeneity of labor market frictions across economies, we find that the relative wage significantly declines more and the relative price appreciates less in countries where labor market regulation is more pronounced. We show that these empirical findings can be rationalized in a two-sector open economy model with search in the labor market as long as we allow for an endogenous sectoral labor force participation decision. When we calibrate the model to country-specific data, the model performs well in reproducing the cross-country pattern in the relative wage responses and to a lesser extent in the relative price changes. While the responses of the relative wage and the relative price display a wide dispersion across countries, both display a significant negative relationship with labor market regulation.


As a method to measure a test case, mutation testing has become a subject of research, mostly about optimizing it using a search-based approach. At the time, there was no research about the potential obstacle of implementing a search-based approach in mutation testing. In this paper, using our previous work, we explored some alternative method to handle mutant redundancy. We use cache to improve our mutation testing tool performance, but surprisingly the cache can have other uses, to measure a search-based approach. We proposed the use of two alternative indicators to measure a search based mutation process: unique undetected mutant in population, and undetected mutant when the cache is full.


We have demonstrated that the ischemic metabolites thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and bradykinin (BK) contribute to activation of cardiac afferents during ischemia. The present study tested the hypothesis that there are reciprocal interactions between these two metabolites in stimulation of ischemically sensitive cardiac afferents. Nerve activity of single cardiac afferent units was recorded from the left sympathetic chain or rami communicantes (T2 – T5) of anesthetized cats. Twenty two ischemically sensitive afferents (CV= 0.46 – 4.34 m/s, 5 Aδ17 C‐fibers) were identified. In the first protocol, a repeat injection (2.5 μg) of TxA2 into left atrium (LA) 4 min after administration of BK (1 μg, LA) induced a significantly larger cardiac afferents' response than the first TxA2 response (0.55±0.17 to 1.54±0.41 vs.0.64±0.13 to 2.28±0.36 imp/s, first vs. second injection, n=5). In a control group, repeated TxA2 (2.5 μg, LA) evoked consistent responses in four other ischemically sensitive afferents. Secondly, we observed that administration of TxA2 (2.5 μg) and BK (1 μg, LA) together appeared to cause a response that was approximately additive of the individual responses. Finally, blockade of the TxA2 receptors with BM13177 attenuated the responses of four cardiac afferent to BK (1 μg, LA) by 47%. In contrast, repeated BK (1 μg, LA) induced a consistent discharge activity in three other afferents. These preliminary data suggest that BK and TxA2 reciprocally enhance the responses of ischemically sensitive cardiac afferent endings to the other metabolite (Supported by NIH HL66217).


Sustained growth of long lengths of silicon ribbons by the edge‐defined film‐fed growth (EFG) technique is shown to result in the attainment of an ''equilibrium'' defect structure and orientation by the crystals. The structure consists of parallel defect boundaries parallel to the edges of the ribbon with a ribbon orientation of {110} 〈211〉. The influence of seed orientation on the attainment of this structure has been examined.


Objective. To investigate quality of life (QoL) among women reporting urinary incontinence (UI). Design. Population‐based cross‐sectional study. Setting. Survival status for all women who had primary treatment between 1987 and 1996 at the University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, was assessed in 2003. Eligible for study participation were recurrence‐free survivors of gynecological cancer and age‐matched women selected from the general population. Methods. Women who had no history of gynecological cancer were selected as age‐matched controls in a 4:1 ratio to survivors in the population census. In 2004, all eligible participants were sent an extensive questionnaire. After one reminder the response rate was 55% (176/319) and 41% (521/1276) for survivors and controls, respectively. UI (total, stress, urge and mixed) was in agreement with definitions of the International Continence Society. QoL was measured by Ferrans and Powers' Quality of Life Index (QLI). The chi‐squared test for categorical variables, unpaired T‐test for continuous variables and logistic regression were applied. Results. A history of recurrence‐free gynecologic cancer was not associated with reduced QLI. The prevalence of UI was 34.5%. Women with UI had lower scores on total QLI and all domains (health/functioning, psychological/spiritual, socio‐economic, and family domain) compared with continent women. A decreasing score of QLI and its domains were found for increasing severity of UI. After adjustment for other co‐morbidities UI remained an independent significant predictor of QLI below the 25. percentile, but not for QLI below the 10. percentile. Conclusion. UI has a negative impact on QoL. The more severe UI, the more reduced were total and all QLI domains.


This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest development area. The results of physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest development area shown on the average loamy sand~sandy clay loam in soil texture, 5.3~7.1 in pH, 0.02~0.18 dS/m in EC, 0.7~1.8% in OM, 0.03~0.11% in T-N, 11~15 cmol+/kg in CEC, 0.02~0.04 cmol+/kg in K+, 4.51~8.18 cmol+/kg in Ca2+, 0.93~2.77 cmol+/kg in Mg2+, 6~49 mg/kg in available phosphate. And the results of physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest non-development area shown on the average sandy loam~sandy clay loam in soil texture, 4.4~5.3 in pH, 0.03~0.05 dS/m in EC, 3.1~4.6% in OM, 0.13~0.23% in T-N, 14~18 cmol+/kg in CEC, 0.02~0.04 cmol+/kg in K+, 0.78~3.82 cmol+/kg in Ca2+, 0.29~1.31 cmol+/kg in Mg2+, 3~31 mg/kg in Av. P2O5. On the other hand, forest development area of topsoil sand content higher than 8~18% sand content than the forest non-development area. This trend is thought to be the absence of topsoil management development projects. Consequently, the results suggested a high potential of recycling of the topsoil from forest non-development area for planting soil. Therefore, in construction of the conservation and management of topsoil from forest non-development area is very important.


Introduction Chapter 1 - Close Reading: Marshall McLuhan, From Modernism to Media Studies Chapter 2 - Reading Machines: Machine Poetry and Excavatory Reading in William Poundstone's Electronic Literature and Bob Brown's Readies Chapter 3 - Speed Reading: Super-Position and Simultaneity in Young-hae Chang Heavy Industries's Dakota and Ezra Pound's Cantos Chapter 4 - Reading the Database: Narrative, Database, and Stream of Consciousness Chapter 5 - Reading Code: The Hallucination of Universal Language from Modernism to Cyberspace Coda - Rereading: Digital Modernism in Print, Mark Z. Danielewski's Only Revolutions


Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic risk factors involved in common, genetically complex diseases such as restless legs syndrome (RLS) or Parkinson`s disease (PD), much of the heritability remains to be explained. In this work, rare but also low-frequency and common variants were identified which contribute to the genetic architecture of both diseases and argue for the fact that, in line with the "common disease, rare variant" hypothesis, rare and low frequency variants next to common variants also contribute to the genetic framework of complex disorders.


The Image Dissector was one of the first all electronic TV tubes and was described by Farnsworth in 1934. (Ref 1). Fifty years later, in 1983, more modern image dissectors were used to measure the electron bunch lengths in synchrotrons. The advent of modern computers and high-speed electronics enables these rather elderly tubes to be used in exciting new applications. This paper described how we have adapted the image dissector to enable the development of low cost instruments with exceptional bandwidth, sensitivity and sampling rate for optical signals.


We report a comparative study of wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP) and single-site mutants in which threonine at position 203 has been replaced by aliphatic and aromatic residues, i.e., by valine (V), isoleucine (I), phenylalanine (F), tyrosine (Y), and histidine (H). Steady-state absorption spectra reveal changes that reflect different charge distributions in the mutants as compared to wild-type GFP. While the absorption peak of the protonated fluorophore, RH, undergoes only a small red shift in all T203 mutants, a pronounced red shift is observed for the deprotonated form R-, ca. 1000 cm-1 for the aliphatic mutants T203V and T203I, ca. 1200 cm-1 for T203F, and 1360 cm-1 for T203Y. Thus, we conclude that a ground-state conformation higher in energy than the wild-type R- state is the predominant origin of the red shift in all the T203 mutants investigated. Furthermore, mutant-dependent changes in the ground-state equilibria of RH and R- result from at least two modes of electrostatic stabilization...


The frog's basilar papilla is a useful study object for cochlear mechanics, because of it's relatively simple anatomy and functionality. We investigated the displacement amplitudes of the basilar papilla's tectorial membrane in response to stimulation of the oval window at various frequencies within the auditory range of the Northern leopard frog. From Our measurement data we find that the tectorial membrane exhibits a frequency selective response. The peak response was found to occur at 1500Hz in correspondence with known data for the response of auditory nerve fibers from the organ. From these data we conclude that; mechanical timing contributes significantly to the frequency selectivity of the frog's basilar papilla


Under the new situation of the development of Chinese ethnic higher education,creation of the world first-class university for nationalities has become one of new thatks of the Central University for Nationalities,and one of new requests for function of the Party Committee of universities for nationalities.This article puts forward a new thought of construction of function of the Party Committee of universities for nationalities.The new thought is as follows:vigorously carrying forward the spirit of going with times,completely strengthening the construction of function of the Party Committee from construction of systems and styles,and providing organizational and leading guarantee to construction of the world first-class university for nationalities for the Central University for Nationalities.


For realizing finer granularity rate adaptation with tradeoff between visual quality and network bandwidth, DASH provides sub-representation structure that can further refine QoE options with multiple temporal quality operating point at a fixed spatial quality, i.e., PSNR. In order to facilitate streaming QoE driven decisions with sub-representations, in this paper, we shall develop a new structure for constructing DASH sub-representations. Besides, we utilize the fame significance metric to characterize the temporal quality and introduce a gradient driven temporal quality layer packing algorithm based on the frames loss induced distortion, which can be used as one theoretical foundation of constructing DASH sub-representations for matching the available throughput with the improved spatio-temporal distortion tradeoff.


Using the diffusion model previously proposed for solid-state catalytic hydrogenation, it has been possible to show that for a hydrogen isotope exchange reaction resulting in the formation of two or more isotopomers the presence of spillover deuterium (or tritium) gradient in the organic phase induces qualitative alterations in the shape of the kinetic curves which can be used as a criterion of reaction mechanism. For gradient-controlled kinetics the shape of the time dependence plot of the isotopomer ratio Q RDD /Q RHD must be convex, whereas for uniform concentration distribution this function must be concave. An experimental study of the kinetics of isotopomer formation in the solid-state metal-catalyzed deuteration of glycine has been undertaken, and the results are consistent with gradient-controlled kinetics


This paper looks at the impact of National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in Uttarakhand that was launched in the year 2005 as a social security measure aimed at providing 100 day employment security to the poor in villages. The NREGA was also meant to use this labour to construct rural infrastructure. In this paper the researcher has made an effort to find out the socio economics impact of NREGA on income, employment, poverty reduction and migration in the state of Uttarakhand. The study has revealed that MGNREGA has provided ample opportunities of employment to the women and weaker sections of the society, has increased their income levels and has reduced poverty level in chamoli district as well as in Uttarakhand state


The effect of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus on sorghum seed germination and its efficacy against Phoma sorghina transmission to sorghum vegetative organs and seed were studied in field conditions in 2008–2010. During these years, we also examined the effect of panicle protection on the reduction of P. sorghina infection. The aqueous extract of C. citratus lowers sorghum seed germination compared to untreated seeds, seeds treated with water and those treated with fungicide calthio C. P. sorghina is transmitted to the whole vegetative organs and seed of all the treatments. However, the aqueous extract of C. citratus significantly reduces the transmission of P. sorghina compared to untreated seeds, to seeds treated with water and those treated with fungicide. The protection of sorghum panicles before flowering limits the infection by P. sorghina compared to the panicles not protected.


A minimum spanning tree (MST) of a connected, weighted (non-negative), undirected graph G = (V,E) is such that vertices of the graph G is connected by edges which have minimum weight and it forms a tree. Finding the MST from a graph is a NP-hard problem. In this paper a new technique is proposed to solve MST problem using Modified Shuffled Frog- Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) cross-over. SFLA is a meta-heuristic search method inspired by natural memetics. It combines the benefits of both meme-based Memetic Algorithm (MA) and social behaviour based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper some modification of SFLA is done and applied it to MST problem. Extensive experimental results show that the algorithm performs very well compare to other algorithms and gives accurate results with minimum no of iterations.