Originating in Wuhan, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has astonished health-care systems across globe due to its rapid and simultaneous spread to the neighboring and distantly located countries. To gain the systems level understanding of the role of global transmission routes in the COVID-19 spread, in this study, we have developed the first, empirical, global, index-case transmission network of SARS-CoV-2 termed as C19-TraNet. We manually curated the travel history of country wise index-cases using government press releases, their official social media handles and online news reports to construct this C19-TraNet that is a spatio-temporal, sparse, growing network comprising of 187 nodes and 199 edges and follows a power-law degree distribution. To model the growing C19-TraNet, a novel stochastic scale free (SSF) algorithm is proposed that accounts for stochastic addition of both nodes as well as edges at each time step. A peculiar connectivity pattern in C19-TraNet is observed, characterized by a fourth degree polynomial growth curve, that significantly diverges from the average random connectivity pattern obtained from an ensemble of its 1,000 SSF realizations. Partitioning the C19-TraNet, using edge betweenness, it is found that most of the large communities are comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of countries belonging to different world regions suggesting that there are no spatial constraints on the spread of disease. This work characterizes the superspreaders that have very quickly transported the virus, through multiple transmission routes, to long range geographical locations alongwith their local neighborhoods.


An examination of what is happening to the ordinary people of Britain at the turn of the century. Illustrating her argument with real cases of abuse, corruption and complacency, Cameron reveals how the British citizen has been disempowered, and suggests what can be done to reverse this.


This paper investigates the robust stability analysis of fractional‐order interval systems with multiple time delays, including retarded and neutral systems. A bound on the poles of fractional‐order interval systems of retarded and neutral type is obtained. Then, the concept of the value set and zero exclusion principle is extended to these systems, and a necessary and sufficient condition is produced for checking the robust stability of them. The value set of the characteristic equation of the systems is obtained analytically and, based on it, an auxiliary function is introduced to check the zero exclusion principle. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results presented.


The Talks At The Yan'an Forum of Literature And Art by Mao Zedong reflects the path dependency of CPC's earlystage ideas on literature and art.A system-completed Chinese Marxism theory of literature and art was thus constructed by the literary theorists and bellwethers of CPC at the earlystage from the topics such as literary and revolution,literary and masses,literary and life,which related to the theories of writer,creation and works and had important impacts on the theories and policies of CPC's literature and art,and even the Chinese literary ecology thereafter.


According to the optimal model and the work flow of optimal design based on cost-benefit criterion presented early by author,a relative auto optimal program adopting multi-objective genetic algorithm as optimal search engine was developed by using MATLAB.The results of optimal design indicate distinguishing features of diversity,optional characteristic,client's active participation and experience dependence.


Recently, because of the development of power devices such as SiC and GaN devices, influence of parasitic parameters which are wiring inductance in power electronics circuits is discussed in many papers. However, it is should be discussed not only self-inductance but also mutual inductance in power electronics circuit. Because, power electronics circuits has some circuit loops such as main, gate-drive, and control circuits on one printed circuit board (PCB). This paper presents an influence of mutual inductance between main and gate-drive circuit, and simulation and experimental results, rated at 500 V and 20 A, will be shown.


Lecture ■ Behind the Battle Scene―Impression and Technology Kesao YOSHIZAWAアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート7 ■About Sports (for Running) Prosthesis Atsuo OKINOアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート11 ■Human Augmentation on Physical Function and Sympathy for Health Maintenance and Promotion―From Ergonomics, via Digital Human, to Human Augmentation― Yoshiyuki KOBAYASHIアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート15 ■Medal Production Utilizing Urban Mine Collection Metal Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI, Nobuyuki INOUE, Yuji KOMORI, Masakazu KONISHI and Taichi MIZUEアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート19 ■ Problems of Intellectual Property Protection and Expectation for AI Technology Takayuki YANOアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート23 ■Application of Deep Learning to Visual Inspection and Research Trends Shinya KUBOTAアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート27 ■ Latest Technology of Integral 3D ImagingSystem Naoto OKAICHIアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート31 ■ Policies and Efforts on Accessibility for Passenger Facilities and Vehicles on Public Transport toward 2020 Daisuke SAWADAアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート36 ■ Challenges for Visual Navigation ofMobile Robots Keita KURASHIKIアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパートアパート41


Discussions of the dimensional structure of affect usually are based on results of factor analyses. Disagreements focus largely on issues of measurement and measurement error. I argue that the structure of affect is not discussed meaningfully without considering functional implications of affects. A functional analysis is outlined in which approach and incentive-related affects (both positive and negative) are managed by 1 self-regulatory system, and avoidance and threat-related affects (positive and negative) are managed by another self-regulatory system. In both cases, positive and negative affects are posited to convey information about whether the behavior being engaged in is going well or poorly. This view argues for the existence of 2 bipolar affective dimensions, the properties of which are informed by an understanding of both behavior and feelings.


The compounds WX4Y (Y = S and Se, X = Cl and Br) have been allowed to react with a range of ligands containing nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulphur donor atoms. Simple six-co-ordinate adducts WX4Y,L and 2WX4Y,L' (L = unidentate and L' = bidentate ligand) have been isolated in many cases and characterised. In these adducts the terminal WY bond is retained. Under more severe reaction conditions, longer reaction period or higher temperatures, tungsten can be reduced to the quinquevalent or quadrivalent state. Thus MeSCH2CH2SMe (mte) gives WCl3S,mte, while triphenylphosphine both reduces tungsten and extracts sulphur or selenium to give tungsten(IV) adducts of the type WX4,PPh3,P(Y)Ph3.


Our group has been developing a hybrid simulation of the molecular dynamics (MD) and the binary collision approximation (BCA) simulation. One of the main problems of this hybridization model is that the multi-body potential suddenly appears at the moment when the simulation method switches from the BCA to the MD. This instantaneously emerged multi-body potential causes the acceleration or deceleration of atoms of the system. To solve this problem, the kinetic energy of atoms should be corrected to conserve the total energy in the system. This paper gives the solution. The hybrid simulation for hydrogen atom injection into a graphite material is executed in order to demonstrate the solution.


The aim of this study is to get a wider understanding regarding how social services handle cases with children of incarcerated parents. The study is based on interviews with seven social workers wh ...


Recent studies showed that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation improves healing of injured and diseased skeletal muscle, although the mechanisms of benefit are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether MSCs and/or their trophic factors were able to regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression and activity in different cells of the muscle tissue. It was found that MSCs in co-culture with C2C12 cells up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and function in the myoblastic cells; these effects were concomitant with the down-regulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2. Similar results were obtained upon incubation of conditioned medium from MSCs (MSC-CM) or in experiments where MSCs were separated from myoblasts by polycarbonate membranes, enabling diffusion of soluble factors while preventing the physical contact between the two cell types, suggesting that MSCs regulated MMP/TIMP balance in skeletal myoblasts by paracrine factors. In the single muscle fibre experiments, MSC-CM administration increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in Pax-7+ satellite cells and stimulated their mobilization, differentiation and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. The anti-fibrotic properties of MSC-CM involved also the regulation of MMPs by skeletal fibroblasts and the inhibition of their differentiation into myofibroblasts, as detected by reduced expression of α-smooth actin and type-I collagen in the fibroblasts incubated with MSC-CM. These findings add novel information on the effects of MSCs on the skeletal muscle healing, suggesting that growth factors and cytokines released by these cells may modulate the fibrotic response and improve the endogenous mechanisms of muscle repair/regeneration.


With the increasing popularity of social networking sites, we see many users expressing their opinions online while simultaneously building new social circles, making community detection a prominent research topic in network analysis. Traditional approaches for community detection either use the network structure or some optimization metrics to detect communities as well as rate these communities. However, as real networks grow, the problem of community detection becomes more complex such that structural properties of the network might not be enough to uncover details about user interactions, and semantic information from text might provide important information as well. In this work, we use the Yelp dataset and combine information from the structure of the network with textual understanding. Our models show that using textual features brings the model closer in terms of performance with our structural approach baselines, while also successfully capturing latent information about users. We thus show the value in combining structure and semantic textual information as a robust and novel method for community detection.


With the rapid development in metwork technology,there are a lot of network devices in the campus-wide network or Intranet. It is inefficient that these network device are mangaged by handwork.The article has compared many network management software as CA-Unicenter,HP-OpenView,WhatsUP,Cisco LMS;the SNMPc have comparative advantages in topology-map management,cost comtrol.This article studies the construction model of the SNMPc network management system.


Fermented milk products, for example yoghurts contain less lactose than the ordinary milk, however, this quantity of lactose can cause lactose intolerance. The aim of the work was to produce lactose free fermented milk products based on the lactose hydrolysed milk. Products were fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (N 71) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (N 1), Lactobacillus helveticus (N 43), Lactobacillus acidophilus (N 42). The growth characteristics, the acidity, the most important aroma productivity and the lactose content were measured. Products were evaluated with organoleptical test. Products were lactose free, so they are suitable for people suffering from lactose intolerance. There were differences among the acid content at the end of fermentation. In case of normal yoghurt culture acid content was 29.6 SH° and in case of probiotic cultures 30.4 SH° and 37.5 SH°, respectively. According to the results of sensory evaluation, the product made with traditional yoghurt bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) was better than products made with probiotic species because of the higher alcohol and lower acetic acid content.


Our study was focused on the quantification and determination of the chemical composition of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts from dried leaves and stems of five Lebanese plants Astragalus coluteiodes, Astragalus angulosus, Euphorbia macroclada, Trigonella berythea and Anacyclus nigllifolius. In order to detect the presence of phenol, saponin, coumarin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid and volatile oil, a preliminary phytochemical screening has been done. The quantification of saponin, alkaloids, lipids, ash, elements contents and humidity has been done using the classical methods. The phytochemical screening showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts from both the leaves and stems of the five studied plants contain polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, saponin and terpenoid in different concentrations. On the other hand, our plants contain fewer amounts of some heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Mn, Cr and Cu). From our work, it can be concluded that both leaves and stems of the five plants contain good compounds that may be used in the prevention or treatment of some diseases.


Abstract : A method for estimating the density of the latent trait (or ability) in an item response model is given based on the logspline density estimator of Stone and Koo. In the implementation presented here, families of densities whose logarithms are quadratic splines are used to estimate the unknown latent trait density. The number of knots in the spline is variable permitting arbitrary densities to be well approximated from the logspline family. Because the family is exponential and contains all normal distributions, the likelihood ratio test can be used to test for normality. An ad hoc method is proposed for choosing the number of knots, and the method is illustrated with two simulated data sets. (KR)


This thesis was depth analysis in the lighting application on the roles and the time and space environments in Stop-motion Animation,and initially enriched the theory system of the lighting technology,which made an actual signif icance to direct the practices of Stop-motion Animation.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of 1-hydroxy-2, 3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (QGS) on acute lung injury of mice induced by ip lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Mice were pretreated with QGS for 7 d. Murine models of acute lung injury were duplicated by injection of LPS 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. In 12 h, the lung weight index was observed and the NO level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured with kits. The lung was also assessd for the expression of I-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-Ⅱ (COX-2) using Western blotting analysis. Lung pathological changes were also observed by HE in each group. Results The lung weight index of injury lung in mice induced by LPS was decreased in 500 mg/kg QGS group (P0.05), the NO level in BALF of mice induced by LPS was decreased significantly in 250 and 500 mg/kg QGS groups with the inhibitory rate of 37% and 48.1%, respectively. Meanwhile the protein expression of IκB-α in lung tissue was increased remarkably but the expression of iNOS and COX-2 was suppressed in 500 mg/kg QGS group. Conclusion QGS could protect mice from the acute lung injury induced by LPS, which is relative to the increasing of IκB-α protein expression and the suppressing of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression.


(Pyridine)(tetrahydroborato)zinc complex, (Py)Zn(BH 4 ) 2 , can efficiently perform acetylation of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines with ethyl acetate under refluxing THF.


Generating object proposals before object detection has become a common way. In this paper, we present a novel method to measure the objectness of bounding boxes using edges. The contours play an important role in object localization and detection. The number of edges that are close to the boundary of a box has strong relationship with the likelihood of the box covering an object. In our method, we adopt a two-step scheme to generate object proposals. In the first step, we count the number of contours close to the box, where we use the proposed "Tile Algorithm" to wipe off the inner edges of a box. In the second step we re-rank the object proposals with a linear SVM classifier across all aspect-ratios for calibration. Experiments on the VOC2007 dataset show that we achieve 96.47% object detection rate with 1000 proposals.


The present work is devoted to the experimental measurements and calculations of thermo-optical and dielectric constants of four commonly used dielectric polar and nonpolar laser dye solvents; toluene, chloroform, carbon disulphide, and benzene. Using a modified high precision laser Mach–Zehnder interferometric technique the refractive index n and its thermal coefficient dn/dT were measured at two different laser wavelengths (514.5 and 632.8 nm). The measured experimental data of n and dn/dT were used in determining about 16 important physical constants and related parameters. On the other hand, the density and molar refraction as a function of temperature for the four solvents are calculated.


A greener approach for the preparation of fluoro-aromatics by diazotization of aromatic amines followed by thermal decomposition of derived tetrafluoroborate in ionic liquids has been developed. The advantages of this procedure are simplicity of reaction, no workup, high purity of the product, safer process, low waste effluents and commercializable processes with recyclability of ionic liquids.


We measured the velocity distributions of laminar round jets discharged into stagnant air by the LDV system. Using particles of smoke, we developed a measuring scheme to evaluate the velocity field exactly. We have measured the velocity field not only in the axial direction but also in the radial direction which has never been previously measured. In addition, we have suceeded in measuring the velocity field in the jet pipe. From this experiment, we have established the condition that the centerline velocity of jets is accelerated by gravitational force. To confirm the experimental results, we have carried out the numerical analyses using a code which we developed. The results of the numerical analyses supported those from the experiments.


This paper introduces the basic theory and method about mine lift equipment long distance special design. Using Microsoft ASP technology and ODBC industrial standard database interface,the paper develops a suit of software to implement long distance special design based on Internet about lift equipment in mine, and validates the feasibility of the software.


A modular synthetic approach to preparing a family of triaminotriazine receptors bearing porphyrin chromophores is described. The porphyrin-appended triaminotriazines are prepared in a stepwise manner employing either cyanuric chloride or fluoride and 5-(4′-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin in the first step. Reaction of the porphyrintriazine with excess 1-pentylamine leads to a triazine core programmed for three-point hydrogen bonding. Addition of a complementary naphthalene diimide yields a supramolecular donor–acceptor dyad. Photophysical studies in CH2Cl2 solvent show efficient quenching of porphyrin fluorescence within the dyad, consistent with an electron transfer process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Middleware is the key technology at the period of which realize resource management and information recombination.It is software that acts as the glue or plumbing between two separate applications.In acting as an intermediary,it is in perfect position to provide a set of services to the end-applications.Basing on researching middleware technology,it searches for the method that can solve problems such as using of current resource,uploading message,refreshing the home page and search at different database.And it can use present resource effectively,simplify the steps that put up message to the Web,reduce intensity that Web management works,make the Web's message updated automatically.It also can raise the efficiency of using data,increase the scope of search data.


From a brief passage in the work of Waly Salomao, this paper tries to find some elements to answering the questions: "What is the place of the poet?" and "What is the poetry's role in society?". Confident on the power of the word as the lever of the world, we launch a look on poetry underlining its function of setting up new possibilities of being in the world. Through the act of creation, the poet produces desorganizing outbursts, operating a language's renewal. Also the psychoanalytical act, by making a cut in the subject's chain of discourse, provides the necessary displacement to bring about something new, a new desire, as pointed by Lacan, by developing the formulation of the psychoanalytical act. On this point we can propose some articulations between poetry, utopia and psychoanlysis. Palavras-chave : poetry, analytical act, utopia, Waly Salomao


: This study uses a Low Emissions Analysis Program (LEAP) model to optimize the integrated energy systems of a developing economy (Nigeria) over 2020-2050 modelling period using Technology. It attempts to address the perennial energy dearth challenge, which plagues developing economies, while minimizing associated environmental impact GHG Emissions. The study models existing conditions within the developing economy as a baseline and evaluates a technology application scenario. The results obtained indicate that the application of technology has a significant impact with as much as 70.6% reduction in energy demand and 64.8% reduction in GHG emissions within the modelling period. The application of technology is therefore critical for sustainably meeting the future energy demands of the developing economy modelled (Nigeria). The study recommends that specifically applicable technology identified should be implemented in the developing country to address the energy dearth by enhancing supply while keeping the associated Green House Gas (GHG) emissions low.


While it has been clearly demonstrated that spontaneously breathing children of all ages with bronchospasm respond well to nebulized bronchodilators, only a small proportion of aerosolized drug reaches the lungs.[1][1]–[9][2] In addition, the combination of a small airway diameter, a rapid


The invention relates to a method to decrease the rock micro space flowing resistance. It pours the solution containing the drainage nanometer particle into the rock micro space in petroleum reserving layer to keep the effect absorbing time. So the drainage nanometer particle absorbs the rock micro space wall which is formed with a nanometer absorbing layer to make the wetting property of the rock micro hole wall become the hydrophobicity to form the flow slipping layer and the water-flow resistance is decreased.


Ever increasing fertilizer costs and the increasing demand for food have emphasized the need for full exploitation of biological nitrogen fixation (Reddy et al., 1997). The repeated and excessive application of costly inorganic fertilizers has proved harmful to the plants and environment. Further, the biological equilibrium, soil health and nutrient dynamics also get affected. Application of biofertilizers in recent years has emerged as promising components to nutrient supply system (Pradhan, 1994). Azospirillum is known to provide plant nutrients to crops and can supplement the expensive inorganic fertilizers (Navala et al., 2004). Global consumers are increasingly looking forward to organic food that is considered safe and hazard-free. The demand for organic food is steadily increasing both in developed and developing countries, with annual average growth rate of 20-25%. Worldwide, over 130 countries produce certified organic products in commercial quantities (Kumar, 2008). Organic manures have been time tested materials for improving the fertility and micro nutrients and improve soils physical and biological condition in sustainable crop production. The dependence on the use of inorganic fertilizers can be minimized or avoided by adopting integrated approach through use of organic matter (Gupta and Sharma, 2004). Application of organic manures has various advantages like water holding capacity and organic carbon content apart from supplying good quality of nutrients (Krogdahi and Dahisgard, 1981). The non-edible oil cake of neem is used as organic manure. It is good, cheap and environment friendly and has shown promising results in inhibiting nitrification in soil, reducing nitrogen losses and increasing fertilizer efficiency. The present study was aimed to determine the potential of plant growth promoting Azospirillum and neem cake alone and in combination of both on growth and yield of Brassica junea (L.) Czern and Coss.


Through the survey data of the tea professional cooperation in Jixi County,benefit of the tea professional cooperation organization was analyzed.The results showed that great economic benefit and social benefit were obvious but the cooperation organization principles and structure affected the operating efficiency at present.It′s proposed that the tea professional cooperation should be evolution in consideration of its member′s characteristics and the market environment adaptability.


s of papers presented at the Symposium on Botanical Applications of Electron Microscopy held at the Botany School, Oxford, 23–25 September 1963 (1964) J. R. Microsc. Soc. 83,


To achieve stable and reliable control of PWM rectifier system,this text introduces a new kind of virtual flux direct power control based on traditional three-phase voltage direct power control.This control strategy replaces traditional switch table and Hysteresis comparison by introducing SVPWM modulation module,solving the problem of high and unfixed frequency in the traditional virtual flux direct power control,to reach the purpose of the fixed frequency.At the same time it can get voltage vector in any direction,with lower current distortion rate and the ability of anti-interference.The simulation results can prove the feasibility of the control strategy.


ing Scheme, a reading laboratory that has recently appeared on the market and which is thought to be the first such laboratory developed for learners of English as a second language. The laboratory was produced in 1971 for the countries of the Pacific region, notably Papua New Guinea and Fiji, where English is learned as a second language. The principal name associated with the scheme is that of Humphreys, Senior Research officer in the Department of Education, Papua New Guinea. The present writer played a relatively small role in advising on procedures for grading the reading materials comprising the scheme and planning a research design based on cloze procedure for this purpose. The use of the scientific cloze procedure for grading is believed to be another first for the Pacific


This paper tries to find out whether a link exists between a firm's portfolio of foreign direct investment and corporate tax avoidance from perspective of host countries' legal system and degree of development. In this paper, we use a sample of Japanese listed firms and multivariate regression models to test four hypotheses on the association between the proportion of common law countries or developed countries that a firm has in its foreign direct investment portfolio and corporate tax avoidance. We find that the greater the proportion of common law countries or developed countries that a firm has in its foreign direct investment portfolio, the less likely it is to engage in tax avoidance practice. We also find that the proportion of common law countries or developed countries in a firm's foreign direct investment portfolio reduces the effect of foreign firm ownership on the firm's tax avoidance practice. After several sensitivity tests, our findings remain unchanged. These findings can enrich our understanding on the relation between corporate decision-making, including host countries choice, and tax avoidance practice.


Objective: To study the endothelin-1(ET-1) expression in lung cancer and its correlation with the tumor type and grade.Methods: ET-1 expression was detected by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and image analysis technology.Results: The positive expression of ET-1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm in 104 lung cancer tissues.The positive rates of ET-1 in adenocarcinoma,squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell lung cancer were 74.1%,57.1% and 40.0%,respectively.The positive rate of ET-1 in small-cell lung cancer was 21.4%,significantly lower than that in nonsmall-cell lung cancer.The result of image analysis on adenocarcinomaand squamous-cell carcinoma showed that the lower tumor differentiation,the higher ET-1 expression level.Conclusion:The ET-1 expression level may be related to the differentiation degree of lung cancer.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors have reported a number of concerns and unmet needs after treatment completion. This paper aims to explore existing survivorship interventions after CRC treatment according to the American Cancer Society CRC Survivorship Care Guidelines, to identify study gaps, and provide valuable evidence directing future research.


PURPOSE: A mobile phone having a touch screen and an installing method thereof are provided to install the touch screen on a part of a keypad in a general mobile phone, so as to reduce the thickness of the mobile phone and implement a large screen. CONSTITUTION: A mobile phone body(21) and a flip(22) are arranged. A display part(23) composed of an LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) element and arranged on the front of the mobile phone body(21) outputs and displays data such as characters. An antenna(25) is arranged in one part of the mobile phone body(21). A battery(26) is attached to the back of the mobile phone body(21). A touch screen(24) arranged on the front of the display part(23) implements a function key providing frequently used functions and convenient functions with the touch of a user. And the touch screen(24) is divided into a function key area(24a) and a character input area(24b).


The present invention provides a cation exchange membrane which has excellent durability, a high limiting current density, a low direct current membrane resistance and excellent selectivity to monovalent cations. In the present invention, a cation exchange membrane excellent in selective permeability to monovalent cations is produced by bringing high molecular cations into contact with a surface of a cation exchange membrane in the presence of anions of an oxyacid or anions of an organic sulfonic acid.


Dissolution of gypsum rock in water is significant, which may result in hydrocarbon reservoir formation and evaporate deposits. However, the complexity of the gypsum dissolution process is still of interest because of its uncleanness that requires more critical analysis. The objectives of this experimental study are emphasis on the dissolution characteristics of gypsum rock under room temperature and by various types of water; namely: deionized, tap, fresh, acidic, well, and normal rainwatre. In addition, the influences of dissolution on gypsum rock's mechanical and physical characteristics. Gypsum rock was obtained from Agjalar area, in the southwest of Sulaymaniyah city, Northern Iraq. Experimental results show that well water is the most effective type to dissolve gypsum and cause significant reductions in the mechanical characteristics of gypsum rock.


Introduction: The role of the head of the customary law union as a mediator is to help both parties to the dispute with a family approach.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to identify and explain the role of the Head of the Customary Law Alliance as a mediator in Hutumuri Country in resolving disputes over the sale and purchase of Tanah Dati. Methods of the Research: The research method used is the type of empirical research. The data used in this paper include primary data and secondary data. Techniques Data collection is done by means of field studies and literature studies. Analysis of the materials used in writing this thesis is to use the method of qualitative material analysis.Results of the Research: The results of the study indicate that all problems or disputes related to Dati's land will be resolved at the State Office by the Head of the Customary Law Alliance as a mediator, whose role is to assist the disputing parties by identifying the disputed issues, balancing options, and considering alternatives that can be offered to them. The parties to reach an agreement and only have the authority to provide advice or determine the mediation process in seeking dispute resolution.


Let $Gamma=(G,sigma)$ be a signed graph, where $G$ is the underlying simple graph with at least one edge and $sigma : E(G) longrightarrow lbrace -,+rbrace$ is the sign function on the edges of $G$. In this paper, we study the $ k $-th spectral moment of $(K_n,sigma)$, for a signature $sigma$. Also, we obtain the number of negative cycles in a signed complete graph whose negative edges induce the disjoint union of two distinct complete bipartite graphs.


Introduction. The study found that in modern conditions, the development of scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the competitiveness of a machine-building enterprise based on the use of risk management tools is an urgent problem, the solution of which will increase the level of competitiveness of machine-building enterprises.
The purpose of the paper is to develop scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the competitiveness of the machine-building enterprise on the basis of the use of risk management tools.
Results. Modern industrial enterprises operate in an uncertain market environment and are forced to maintain their level of competitiveness in an uncertain market environment, the current decline in industrial production and martial law. Proposed scientific and methodological recommendations on how to improve the competitiveness of the machine-building enterprise on the basis of the development of tools for risk management. It is recommended to use risk management tools in combination with compensatory measures at industrial enterprises of the machine-building industry, namely: refusal of certain management decisions, risk limitation; risk diversification; risk forecasting; creation of reserves; risk insurance; risk management outsourcing. The main risks of the machine-building enterprise are singled out and the main measures concerning their prevention and compensation are offered.
Conclusions. The analysis of scientific publications on risk management at industrial enterprises and scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the competitiveness of a machine-building enterprise based on the use of risk management tools was carried out. Scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the competitiveness of a machine-building enterprise based on the use of risk management tools are proposed. The use of risk management tools to improve the competitiveness of a machine-building enterprise is one of the modern methods that accompany the process of effective use of key competencies to increase the level of competitiveness of machine-building enterprises.


Presentation at the APHO workshop on methods for visualising comparative data on 22nd September 2003.
This presentation is on the applications of statistical process control methods to clinical governance in primary care.


Abstract This survey aims to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Amazonian Brazil, through three distinct techniques, correlating the prevalence rates with family income and age groups as well as assessing the household clustering of infections. Prevalence rates were assessed through Graham (n = 113), Baermann-Moraes (n = 232) and Ritchie (n = 463) methods. The Graham method was adopted only for children under 5 years old, 15% of whom were positive for Enterobius vermicularis. By the Baermann-Moraes technique, 5·6% of the samples were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. The Ritchie technique disclosed the following results: Ascaris lumbricoides (26%), Trichuris trichiura (22·5%), hookworms (9·5%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (25·3%), Giardia lamblia (12·5%) and E. vermicularis (0·6%). Children aged 5–14 years presented the highest prevalence for pathogenic parasites. Giardiasis and hookworm infection rates were inversely related to family income. The presence of positive contacts in the same household substantially increased the risk of infection by enteric parasites: odds ratio (OR) = 2·70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·69–4·29 for ascariasis; OR = 2·17, 95% CI = 1·34–3·51 for trichuriasis; OR = 2·13, 95% CI = 1·08–4·17 for hookworm disease; OR = 3·42, 95% CI = 1·86–6·30 for giardiasis; and OR = 2·16, 95% CI = 1·35–3·47 for amoebiasis, supporting infection clustering in the home. Intestinal parasitoses are extremely frequent in the studied area, and routine methods for diagnosis may underestimate the prevalence of enterobiasis and strongyloidiasis.


In this paper we proposed a multicriteria index to evaluate rural social welfare. This index was named "rural welfare". We took into account some criteria related to health, work, infrastructure and type of habitation. We used the classical MACBETH approach and an optimistic variation to determine the weights. The last one uses the most favorable weights (for each farmer) belonging to an interval defined by the MACBETH, instead of the MACBETH weights themselves. This approach was motivated by an optimist behavior assumption. This premise is justified as the field researchers noticed that the rural producers overvalue their belongings and under-evaluate things that they do not have. The results showed that the rural welfare has, in average, growth tendency for the group of family farmers under evaluation.


This study investigates the predictive performance of two different machine learning (ML) models on the stock market and compare the results. The chosen models are based on artificial neural networ ...


For wafer testing, high parallelism is important in order to reduce test costs. However, increasing parallelism is becoming more difficult because there are limitations to how much the parallelism can be increased with design changes. To solve the limitations, wafer level test schemes based on the network-on-chip (NOC) have been developed. However, connecting to one device under test (DUT) has a reliability problem in which fault distribution causes good-DUT to be improperly tested is becoming a concern. In this paper, a new MPT method is proposed which achieves both its high parallelism and reliability with BT algorithm. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves the nearly 100% reliability without affecting yield.


This paper deals with actual behaviour of beams of structural glass. Simple beam was modeled in software based on finite element method. Due to the manufacturing process of structural glass components the cross-section is rectangular. Set of rectangular cross-section was modeled with variable aspect ratio ranging from 20 to 0,03. Numerical models were realized using space, planar and one dimensional finite elements and both linear and nonlinear solutions were performed. Results from numerical modeling were compared with analytical calculation results. In analytical computation deflections due to bending and shear were considered. Key-Words: Structural glass beam, glass stairs, glass building envelope, bending deflection, shear deflection, nonlinear analysis, final element method


This report presents the findings of a study of Islam in Pakistan that aimed at understanding and evaluating the relationships between Muslim organizations and activity in the formulation of development policy. The question at the heart of the inquiry is whether religion can play the role of a driver for change in terms of pro-poor policy and practice. The study analyses the nature and direction of the latent force and dynamism of the Islamic establishment, especially in its organizational setting, both in government and in opposition. It shows that the state in Pakistan has typically pursued a policy of exploiting the functional uses of Islam as a source of legitimacy in the absence of, or in combination with, a mass mandate. In so doing, it has played on the turf of Islamic groups by seeking to control the production and the spread of the religious message, co-opting the Ulema and managing religious affairs, ranging from levying Islamic taxes to the management of shrines, policies towards madrasas and a role in sectarian conflict. However, it is necessary to go beyond a purely instrumentalist explanation of how religion is used by the state to understand the structural dynamics of Islam as a constant, pervasive and intense force that includes, but at the same time transcends, the manipulations of the ruling elite.


Based on optimal control, the process control of a nonlinear single inverted pendulum is studied. An optimization method with penalty term is proposed to compute open-loop control law. Compared with ordinary numerical methods, this method is in terms of optimal step length instead of fixed step length so as to set precisely the control per unit time interval in computation. The computation for the control law on the swing-up process of single inverted pendulum is thus programmed. A simulative analysis of the process was carried out, of which the result showed that a high-precision control law is available to control the process of nonlinear system.


ABSTRACT The article discusses two claims from Seiberth's book Intentionality in Sellars: A Transcendental Account of Finite Knowledge, both of which bear on the question of what it takes to be in touch with the world. Seiberth claims, first, that the philosophical method known as transcendental analysis, which Sellars adopts from Kant, is more basic than Sellars's other methodological commitments, including the method of providing a conceptual analysis of the manifest and the scientific image of man-in-the-world. I ask whether the results of transcendental analysis should be applied to the manifest image. Does Sellars think that the manifest image fulfills the transcendental conditions for any conceptual system that is a) about the world of which it is a part and that b) allows those using it to gain knowledge of that world? On Seiberth's reading of Sellars, the answer seems to be negative. Second, Seiberth claims that there is only one kind of vertical relation between the conceptual and the real, the non-semantic relation Sellars calls picturing. I contest that claim, arguing that Seiberth gives too strong an interpretation of Sellars's denial that meaning statements are relational statements connecting a word with an independently existing object. This precludes Seiberth from seeing that Sellars, just like Kant, is an empirical realist in a robust sense. I also argue that picturing provides a meagre substitute for what in my reading of Sellars we might call vertical 'semantical' relations between words and things after all.


The objective of this study is to determine the chemical kinetics of desulphurization of Thai limestone in an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC). The experiments, which employed the batch technique using the limestone samples from six major sources in Thailand, were performed in a laboratory‐scale AFBC. The results obtained were analysed and correlated in the form of apparent reaction rate and deactivation rate constants as a function of operating conditions of the furnace and their properties, respectively. The formulae derived from these correlations were kept as general as possible in order that they could be used as input parameters for the selected mathematical model of desulphurization in an AFBC that is suitable for practical use. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The residual dynamics and final residues of chlorpyrifos,fenvalerate and beta-cypermethrin in cabbage grown in open-field in spring were studied using gas chromatography with ECD.The results showed that these pesticides had different half-lives,and there was no pesticide accumulation in cabbage.According to its recommended dose,the half-lives of chlorpyrifos,fenvalerate and beta-cypermethrin were about 2.1,2.8 and 3.7 days,respectively.Based on the standards of China,Japan and Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC),different safe intervals were calculated for these pesticides.Beta-cypermetrhin with the least residue in cabbage,whose recommended interval was 3 days,was mostly suitable for insect control in cabbage production.However,chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate should be used with considerable caution in case of maximum residue limits(MRLs) exceeded,and the range of their safe intervals was from 3 to 14 days.Although different MRLs may be needed in different countries,all are legal limits with a health-based foundation.In order to meet the MRLs requirements of different countries,the good agricultural practice must be implemented and the application of pesticide must strictly comply with the direction on its label.


The effects of wafer backgrinding on the strength of silicon devices in the form of dies are investigated experimentally and analytically. In particular, the scale and orientation of striations generated by in-feed grinding on wafer and die back faces are shown to be critical factors in determining the spatial arrangement of die strengths over a wafer and the strength distributions of dies sampled from a wafer. The scale of the striations is considered in the context of controlled indentation and scratch flaw experiments, leading to the assessment that strength-controlling grinding striations are formed by translated sharp contacts with approximately 0.1 N normal load. The effect of striation orientation is described by a simple expression fit to experimental die strength measurements. An analytical formulation of striation orientation based on in-feed grinding geometry parameters implements the expression to generate wafer strength maps and sample strength distributions. The maps and distributions are of direct engineering applicability.


This paper explores the results of an 18‐month study at Brunel University that aimed to explain the significant gendered differences in academic performance amongst geography students. Male students are doing considerably less well than their female peers, being awarded far fewer first class and upper second class degrees, a phenomenon that cannot be accounted for by A‐level entry grades. This paper draws on interviews with students which suggest that differences in achievement are explained by the fact that males and females perform the role of student in very different ways. While females are generally performing the role of hard‐working, dedicated and focused student, males seem to be identifying with a 'macho' culture that glorifies sporting prowess and socializing at the expense of academic study.


The absolute rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with benzene was determined using fast reactton techniques in a pulse radiolysis study of the benzenewater system. By synchronized flash absorption spectroscopy of pulse-irradiated aqueous benzene solutions, a transient spectrum having a broad UV absorption with a strong maximum at 313 m mu was observed. By fast photoelectric recording of the transient absorption at 313 m mu , after a 0.4 mu sec pulse of l5 Mev electrons at an average current of 60 ma, the rate of formatton of the radical in the fast reaction OH + C/sub 6/ C/sub 6/H/sub 6/ = radical was observed. Data were obtained at benzene concentrations of 1 x 10/sup -4/ and 2 x l0/sup -4/ M(M underlined), and at an initial STAOH!/sub 0/ < 5 x l0 / sup 6/M( M underlined). The rate constant obtained is k/sub 1/ = 4.3 plus or minus 0.9 x l0/sup 9/ M/sup -1/ sec/sup -1/ at 23-C. It was concluded that the reaction consists of OH addition to form the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical, to which the transient spectrum is to be assigned. (P.C.H.)


Objective
To present the experiences of three kinds retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection(RRPLD) and to evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients treated with three different approaches .

Methods
From January 2012 to December 2017, 141 patients with chyluria who underwent surgical treatments in our hospital were collected(58 males and 83 females). Thirty-four patients underwent traditional RRPLD, 64 patients underwent modified RRPLD and 43 patients underwent simplified RRPLD. The differences of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bed time, anal exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay, follow-up recurrence rate and postoperative pain score(VAS) were compared.

Results
All surgeries were performed successfully. Simplified RRPLD was superior to modified and traditional RRPLD in terms of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bed time, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative VAS, the differences were statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in surgical complications and recurrence rate among the three groups.

Conclusions
Compared with traditional and modified RRPLD, simplified RRPLD has the similar results.Simplified RRPLD procedure is more simple and has the advantages of shorter operation time, less bleeding and quick recovery after operation, it is a feasible and effective surgical method in the treatment of chyluria.

Key words:
CHYLURIA; Lymphatic Vessels; Ligation; Laparoscopy


The argali (Ovis ammon) is a species of great conservation concern throughout its range in central Asia, and is particularly sensitive to human disturbance and habitat degradation. Recent increases in livestock numbers have potentially reduced the capacity of habitats to sustain argali because of forage or interference competition. We studied the potential for forage competition between argali and domestic livestock in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia by quantifying overlap among seasonal diets using microhistological analysis of fecal samples. We collected 100 fecal samples from argali and 100 fecal samples from livestock during June 2002, August 2002, January 2003, and April 2003. Argali and livestock used the same plant species with the exception of five used only by livestock. We also quantified forage availability in both summer (2002) and winter (2003) seasons. Total mean biomass in summer ðx 1⁄4 19:0g=m2Þ declined w82% to a winter mean of 3.5 g/m2 (t 1⁄4 10.00, P < 0.0001). Dietary overlap between argali and livestock was high, varying from 72% in summer to 95% in winter. We concluded that high degree of overlap for forage coupled with the low available vegetative biomass in winter suggests the potential for competition between argali and livestock. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


It has been observed that adrenal cortical carcinomas, normally expected in JAX strain ce mice when gonadectomized soon after birth, did not appear following treatment of such mice with a synthetic estrogenic hormone, diethylstilbestrol. In the present experiments fusion pellets, 25 per cent diethylstilbestrol in cholesterol, av. wt. 4.8 mg., were used.' These were introduced into the subcutaneous tissue of the right axilla when the mice were approximately 7 weeks of age. Only one pellet was used at this age in each mouse and none were implanted later in life. Experimental mice were prepared by removing the gonads of strain ce mice immediately after birth. Adrenal cortical carcinomas had previously been observed in 100 per cent of gonadectomized female mice of this strain 6 months of age and older.2 In gonadecto;mized male mice these tumors also had occurred starting at 7 months.3 Diethylstilbestrol treated mice of both sexes observed up to 14 months of age did not have these tumors (table 1). Diet and other environmental factors were kept as near constant as possible in all groups. Although time has not been sufficient for protection to be observed for mice of extremely advanced ages, the present results are encouraging for continued protection, since nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex which preceded the occurrence of carcinomas in previous experiments was also prevented by the use of diethylstilbestrol pellets. VOL. 32, 1946 239


The invention provides a communication service processing method and a terminal. The communication service processing method comprises the steps as follows: a real-time status of a communication module is assigned in a detection terminal; and if the assigned communication module is judged not to process designed communication services according to the real-time status, the assigned communication services received by the designed communication module are processed by other communication modules. According to the technical scheme, the designed communication services can be processed by other communication modules when the designed communication module cannot process the designed communication services, so that all communication services of the designed communication module can be processed in time, and the effect on the user experience due to the fact that the communication module cannot process the designed communication services is avoided.


The Moral judgment is an activity in which an individual measure the moral value of another individual or group's behavior or event according to social moral norms and value measurement standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the individual's moral choice from the perspectives of male and female, Eastern and Western cultures. In the face of, for example, the trolley dilemma or the footbridge dilemma, moral judgment is influenced by describing the problem as the number of people that could be saved or killed, whether the action resulting in negative moral consequences is a means to an end or an incidental effect to an end, whether it is intentional or unintentional, the number of reasons, and the relative number of lives that could be saved. Moral judgments from different perspectives will produce different differences. The differences in physiological structure, social attributes, positioning and thinking modes between men and women, and the differences in thinking modes under the influence of Western and Eastern cultural values, all have different psychological reactions to the same event, although the differences in moral choices are not obvious. However, there are obvious differences from the level of individual psychological activities.


The effective Verdet constant is measured in a 25-wt%.-terbium-doped phosphate fiber. It is six times larger than a silica fiber, with contributions from the materials in the core and the cladding.


Arguably, no ecosystems on the planet are unaffected by human society. Airborne contaminants are circulated globally; trash is left even on Everest; and the world's oceans contain oil and plastic, not to mention a variety of other wastes from human society. However, ecosystems are more than depositories for the waste of human society. Ecosystems furnish a variety of services that benefit human society, such as maintaining the atmospheric gas balance and water quality. As the human population approaches 10 billion, the amount of space available for occupancy by non-domesticated species will be greatly diminished per capita. If ecosystem services are to be maintained, the areas occupied by non-human, non-domesticated species will have to be managed so that, at the very least, services necessary to maintain the quality of human life will not diminish and, optimally, little additional biotic impoverishment (extinction of species) occurs. From the anthropocentric viewpoint, ecosystem health could be viewed as the maintenance of biological integrity necessary for the delivery of ecosystem services necessary for human society. This manuscript discusses the barriers to the use of ecosystem health concepts, which diminish risks to natural systems and the ways in which the integrity of these systems can be maintained. Maintenance of integrity will ensure the sustainable use of these ecosystems as sources of services upon which human society is dependent. 1. Implementing ecosystem health concepts in an age of fragmented information Determining the health of complex, multivariate systems requires a holistic view in which a diverse array of information is integrated over significant spatial and temporal scales, as well as at different levels of biological organization. The globalization of economies and marketplaces is already well underway. In addition, we are already well into the information age which generates mind-boggling amounts of information available to anyone with modest electronic technology. However, the ways in which this information is used in the aggregate often appear much less effective than when much less information was available for complex decisions. In his book, Amusing Ourselves to Death, Postman (1986) contends that television, even its news segments, is a form of entertainment and that public discourse in the age of show business is fragmented rather than contextual. MacNeil (1983) describes the secret of success for the basic idea in television news: .. . keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action, and movement. You are required .. . to pay attention to no concept, no character, and no problem for more than a few seconds at a time. In addition, Postman (1986) has three commandments for teachers: (1) thou shalt have no prerequisites, (2) thou shalt induce no perplexity, and (3) thou shalt avoid exposition like the ten plagues visited upon Egypt.


We review the capacity records achieved using mode-division multiplexing in few-mode fiber and hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. Currently the MDM-capacity record for both fiber types is 73.7 Tb/s, whereas per wavelength 960 Gb/s is achieved.


Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic disease, caused by the defect of synthesizing either the alpha or beta polypeptide chains of hemoglobin (Hb). In the more severe cases, the bone marrow increases in red cell synthesis thus resulting in marked orofacial defects that leads to dental decay and periodontal diseases. We studied dental heatlh in students (control group), hemglobin H disease, beta thalassemia major and beta thalassemia Hb E disease in 120, 29, 62 and 64 cases respectively, with 120, 29, 48 and 63 cases respectively for deciduous teeth, and 97, 29, 62 and 64 cases respectively in permanent teeth. There were significantly different in dental caries (p = 0.05) in both deciduous and permanent teeth. However, comparison of dental caries between groups show no significant differences in deciduous teeth, but was significantly different (p < 0.05) in permanent teeth between the control group and the thalassemic patients. Most patients had decay on permanent lower first molar.According to the pattern of dental occlusion, the ratio of classes I : II : III was 4.1 : 1.0 : 0.87 in students, and was 3.02 : 1.0 : 0 in thalassemic patients. As dental caries is a significant problem in thalassemic patients, it is necessary to prevent the caries by applying fluoride or sealant on this tooth after its eruption, including incremental dental care. Chiang Mai Med Bull 1999; 38(3-4): 99-105.


s. Studies were carried out in an experimental orchard in the years 2008–2009. Apple-trees of 'Topaz' cultivar were planted in five "soil localities": 1 – directly in grubbed up rows of an apple-tree orchard, 2 – in herbicide fallow belts of grubbed up apple-tree orchard, 3 – in turf belts of grabbed up apple-tree orchard, 4 – in a locality after a four-year break in apple-tree cultivation, without any preparatory treatments and 5 – in a soil after previous agricultural use – virgin soil. During the studies realization, an evaluation of the soil biochemical properties was carried out. This evaluation was done on the basis of activity of enzymes: dehydrogenases, proteases, acid phosphatase and urease, IAA content, total content of organic carbon and of organic carbon soluble in water. Our studies have shown a significant influence of the soil locality and of the term of soil sampling for the identification of the biochemical properties of soil expressed by the enzymatic activity. The activity of three studied enzymes was significantly lower in the locality 1 in comparison with the soil in a locality 5. Also in case of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), its highest value was found in the soil of combination 1 while the highest value of the IAA acid was found in combination 3. The previous method of soil utilization also exerted a significant influence on the content of organic matter in the soil. The content of total organic carbon and organic carbon soluble in water were significantly lower in the soil from the orchard planted directly after previous agricultural use. Enzymatic activity and content of organic carbon were the highest in the autumn period, while the lowest value was shown in summer.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feed barrier design on displacements in dairy cows fed only roughage diets in the bunk in small commercial dairy herds. Six Norwegian dairy herds with open barriers (OB) and six herds with individual headspace barriers (IHB) were randomly selected. Number of displacements and withdrawals without physical contact was somewhat higher, but not significantly higher, in the IHB herds than in the OB herds but the variation between herds within the type of barrier were very large. The number of pushes and buttings directed towards the front part of the body of cows was significantly higher in the OB herds than in the IHB herds whereas pushes and butts directed towards the side of cows were significantly higher in the IHB herds than in the OB herds.


Objective
To explore the valuable thematic information and sentiment distribution in patients′ medical service complaint texts based on topic modeling and sentiment analysis, and investigate the main driving factors affecting patients′ service experience and satisfaction.

Methods
Topic mining was carried out on the offline patient complaint text set of a tertiary hospital in South China from 2013 to 2017. The seed word set extracted from 1 000 sampled texts was used to guide semi-supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation training of texts. Relevant subject categories were extracted and subject characteristics were graded emotionally.

Results
in the end, 30 subject categories were extracted from the 8 000 complaint texts, and the sentiment score of the subject characteristics was consistent with the sentiment tendency of the actual data set. However, the satisfaction was relatively low in " toilet" , " ward" , " hygiene" and other subjects, and the main complaint subjects included " attitude" , " examination" , " ward" among others.

Conclusions
Based on the theme distribution, combined with the results of emotional analysis and the specific clinical environment, strengthening management in the medical service sector with a large negative emotional score can guide the hospital management practice and service improvement process, and help to improve the patients′ perception experience and emotional experience.

Key words:
Medical service experience; Satisfaction; Negative text; Topic modeling


It is unclear what audience will want to read this book. Its stream-of-consciousness style and the errors in details make it useless for an undergraduate audience. On p. 174 we are told that "the puddling process led to the Bessemer convertor (sic) of 1835." It often contradicts itself: blast furnaces, we are told on p. 132 were probably already found in Sweden between 1150 and 1350 (p. 132) but "the earliest blast furnace in Europe was at Namur in 1340" (p. 262). Experts looking for a convenient survey of the history of metals will find the lack of references to standard authorities disturbing (the chapter on iron in the Industrial Revolution does not mention the standard works by Charles Hyde and John R. Harris). Many of the ideas are hardly new, but poorly argued. It may well be that all three monotheistic religions in the first millennium AD were a source of technological retrogression, but the issue is too complex for anyone to just declare this as an obiter dictum. In the final chapter, Goody returns to the topic that dominates many of his earlier books. Europeans were not unique. Global history, he thinks, is an "alternation" between different civilizations within the Eurasian continent. Few people hold today the view that somehow only European culture encouraged invention, but the notion of a "pendular history" (a term coined by a reviewer of one of Goody's earlier books), as a metaphor for technological leadership swinging back and forth between parts of the Eurasian continent is problematic. First, a pendulum denotes some kind of dynamic equilibrium in which the swings are returning and follow identical motions —an idea that Goody himself is uncomfortable with (he prefers "spiral," p. 293). But more seriously, pendular movement is symmetric, and this symmetry—if it ever existed—was disrupted by the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Goody's notion that technological leadership is temporary, which he presses hard in the final chapter, is not novel (it was proposed by D.S.L. Cardwell in 1972). But whether the exploitation of metals makes for technological leadership or the other way around remains an unresolved question.


In the following pages I have described eleven new forms of Pelastoneurus , several of which have remarkable distinguishing characters. The accompanying plate gives drawings of wings or wing tips where it seemed that they would be a help in determining specimens.


The article compares the results of the Survey on the position of immigrants, their descendants, and their cultures in Slovenia (ISIM - Institute for Slovenian Emigration Studies, SRC SASA) with the research results of other authors. The results show that the low level of linguistic and cultural integration of the immigrants, i.e. the low level of acceptance of their languages, cultural traditions, and values in the wider society, helps to perpetuate stereotype ideas and a xenophobic attitude to immigrants among the members of the majority society. This xenophobic attitude influences the social and economic position of the immigrants because - according to the immigrants' experiences - it is reflected in their opportunities for education, scholarships, employment, working conditions, and professional advancement.


AIM: To study the characteristics of tricuspid annulus movement for better clinical application of tissue Doppler imaging (DTI) of tricuspid annulus. METHODS: Doppler tissue velocity mode was used and the tricuspid annulus movements of anterior, septal and posterior attachment points in 60 healthy people were detected from apical four chamber view (AP-4CV), parasternal four chamber view (PS-4CV) and apical right heart two chamber view (AP-RH-2CV). The peak systolic flow velocity v s, peak diastolic early period flow velocity v dR and peak diastolic late period flow velocity v dL in the five points of tricuspid annulus were recorded and the values of v dR /v dL in the five points were calculated. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons by SPSS 11.0 . RESULTS: There was significant difference in the velocity of v s, v dR and v dL in the five points of tricuspid annulus in gross (v s, F=53.40, P0.05; v dR , F=15.62, P 0.05 ; v dL , F=16.91, P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the values of v dR /v dL in the five points of tricuspid annulus in gross (v dR /v dL , F=2.41, P0.05). CONCLUSION: There is asymmetry in the tricuspid annulus movement, and it is important to choose the appropriate point in applying tissue Doppler imaging technique to study the movement of tricuspid annulus.


Many engineers and planners are increasingly challenged to develop cost affordable, environmentally sensitive transportation systems that provide and enhance mobility to an increasing population. This creates opportunities to develop and implement innovative solutions to meet increasing traffic demands. Interchanges and limited access facilities provide the greatest yields in terms of mobility, however, they also provide the greatest costs. Therefore, other more cost effective, environmentally sensitive improvements must be considered. At highly congested, built-out intersections, one improvement that is being considered more often is the implementation of triple left-turn lanes. Triple left-turn lanes were introduced in the 1970s and have been constructed throughout the United States. Studies are just now being completed for the design, operation, and maintenance of triple lefts with the most comprehensive studies being completed in the last decade. Since triple lefts are still a relatively new concept, many agencies are hesitant to approve the concept. This paper outlines the process and analytical techniques used to obtain approval of the first triple left-turn lane on the west coast of Florida.


In describing the efforts of CARE International, this chapter demonstrates how nongovernmental organizations have begun to set their own evaluation standards.


This article considers the 2010 Soulforce Equality Ride, a movement of queer Christian students who traveled around the country protesting conservative Christian colleges and universities with anti–lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) policies. We argue that the movement is comparable to a toxic tour, as described by Pezzullo (2007), because of the harmfulness of the campuses' policies, the difficult rhetorical challenge the movement faces, and the importance of presence for the Equality Ride activists and the students they met along the way. We understand the conservative Christian college campuses as environments and the anti-LGB rhetoric and policies as toxins. We argue that the movement offers hope by undermining the notion that LGB sexualities and Christian spirituality are mutually exclusive categories of binary opposition.


This article integrates developmental schema and the tenets of positive psychology toward addressing "money issues" for stepfamilies. As stepfamilies represent the fastest growing demographic in family configurations, family counselors must be knowledgeable regarding normative stepfamily issues and familiar with techniques to support family development and enhancement. This article offers attention to the initial three areas of family demographics, positive psychology, and stepfamily developmental schema as foundations for the suggested practices.


DALBIT-1, a miniature-sized, fully integrated, Earth-based lander test bed was designed and developed for the vertical takeoff and vertical landing flight demonstration. Mission and design requirem...


Under the background of new business subject, with the development of the Internet and the emergence of big data technology, the demand of enterprises and society for the compound marketing talents of "traditional marketing + Internet + big data technology" is increasing day by day. At present, the new challenge is put forward to the compound talents who meet the market demand in the colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper redefines the knowledge, ability and quality needed by marketing talents under the background of new business subject, and perfects the marketing talent mode of colleges and universities through targeted measures such as improving curriculum and personnel training, so as to cultivate big data marketing talents who really meet the needs of society and the practice of enterprises.


What characterizes an agile software development process? Is agility about being fast to deliver? "Faster, better, cheaper" is a laudable goal, but faster in itself is not necessarily the right thing to achieve if it is detrimental to quality. Is agility about minimizing the size of the process used to develop software, the size of its description? Not really, or by that measure the null process would be the best.


In the new millennium, liberalism continues to shape the educational discourse, process, and structure in most democratic states. Liberalism is by no means a monotonous and monolithic school of political philosophy. In recognition of cultural pluralism, contemporary liberal thinkers such as John Rawls have endeavored to delineate a naturalistic and pragmatic version of political liberalism in order to address politics of difference. However, the dominant liberal discourse on education, from Jeffersonian crusades against ignorance to the recent No Child Left Behind Act and Race to the Top, continues to encounter difficulties as it attempts to define the role of cultural pluralism in shaping educational policies. At the theoretical level, cultural pluralism is irrelevant to the cultivation of an autonomous and reasonable citizenry, the cornerstone of liberal democracy. However, modern schooling has embraced various degrees of cultural assimilation in order to sever the marginalized individuals' ties with their affiliated cultures. Such a deliberate effort not only conflicts with the tenet of individual freedom within the liberal framework but also encounters resilient resistance. Moreover, while the presumably "progressive" cultural difference theory seeks to rectify the perceived "deficits" of marginalized groups' cultures, the recognition of cultural differences does not necessarily entail any substantial educational and political reforms to redress imbalanced power relationships among varied cultures. In the same vein, although the resilience research recognizes marginalized groups' agency in adversity, it understates the oppressive power of psychological, economic, cultural, and political adversity.


AIM: To find a convenient method for DNA extraction from ancient teeth.METHODS: Eight unearthed teeth in the area of Xi'an were chosen in this study,one of which was about 1000 years ago and the others were 3000 years ago.Two teeth from modern people were chosen as the control.The "Reverse-root-canal technique" and Chelex-100 were applied to extract DNA from the teeth samples.The specific primers of amelogenin were designed and PCR method was used to perform the sex typing.RESULTS: The genomic DNA extracted from the samples had a high quality for PCR amplication and sex determination.Of the ten samples in the study,one was male and nine were female.CONCLUSION: The "Reverse-root-canal technique" is a low-destructive method for obtaining DNA from ancient teeth.It is convenient for research in archaeology,genetics and other science branches.


Background and objective: Adolescence is the most dangerous of lifetime regarding the onset of substance abuse and education is one of the most important methods to prevent this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention in the prevention of substance abuse among adolescents in Qazvin city using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. With multi-stage sampling method, 216 students participated in the experimental and control groups. Five focus group discussions (including 8-15 members) were presented to the experimental group mainly based on role-playing, brain storming and group discussions methods. Self-reporting questionnaires were used for data collection consisted of demographic questions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and preventive behavior with 5-point Likert response options. Reliability and validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest coefficient. The data collected before and 2 months after training were analyzed with SPSS 20 and Chi-square, pair and independent t-test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: The mean scores of attitude (from 26.3±17.4 to 45.7±21.6), subjective norms (from 20.4±14.6 to 33.4±15.2), perceived behavioral control (from 36.6±20.9 to 58.4±27.3), intention (from 6.24±2.2 to 11.4±3.8) and addiction related preventive behavior (from 24.11±9.5 to 40.6±13.7) were significantly improved after educational intervention among the experimental group (p Conclusion: TPB provides an appropriate framework for designing educational interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents and its application in health promotion programs in schools and prevention of substance abuse is recommended. Language: en


The paper provides an analysis on the hazards of sticker during the process of reutilizing of waste paper and gives an introduction to the new mechanical and chemical technology and equipment of removing and controlling the sticker.


Large (mega-scale) nourishments have been proposed as a promising alternative for traditional beach and shoreface nourishments, especially for locations with large structural erosion and sufficient sediment to dredge. This paper examines the initial bathymetric evolution of the Sand Engine, a mega-nourishment of 17 million m3 protruding almost 1 km seaward from its surrounding coast. Topographic surveys show that, despite the blunt initial shape of the nourishment, the sediment is reworked into a nearly symmetrical (bell curve like) shape in less than 1.5 years. The cross-shore extent decreased by 150 m in this period which is a reduction of 15 % of its original extent. Simultaneously, the alongshore size of the nourishment increased by 60 % as the sediment is redistributed to the adjacent coasts. This is also reflected in the large 1.6 million m3 loss of sediment on the peninsula. Almost 70 % of this volume is found to accrete in adjacent coastal sections. Although not all sediment loss from the peninsula could be relocated, the findings reveal that the Sand Engine mega nourishment is feeding its surrounding coast substantially.


The gliding motility of gregarine protozoans has intrigued biologists for several decades but more recently key roles for actin and myosin have been established. Using the trophozoites/gamonts of Gregarina cell surface translocation of added 2 μm occured with similar properties to those displayed by overt gregarine gliding including motility rates of between 0.1 and 10 μm/s. Although this movement has been viewed as a smooth process, gliding (and bead translocation) is an erratic process. Thus a single 2-μm bead translocation observed over 30 s at 0.2-s intervals demonstrated movement for only 26% of this time (39/150). At the low Reynolds Nos operating here bead movement can only occur when force is developed at the cell surface (no consideration of inertia could apply). A laser trap was used to position a bead at the cell surface. Subsequently, the cell surface motor was able to carry the bead posteriorly out of this force trap of 50 pN. Using established figures for myosin energetics we estimate that the number of myosin heads at the interaction site to be in excess of 200. Porospora gigantea demonstrated gliding/bead translocation rates of up to 60 μm/s=four times the speed of myosin movement along the actin filaments of a muscle sarcomere!


In this paper, the various physical mechanisms in low-frequency intensity fluctuations are identified, that occur when a diode laser is subject to moderate optical feedback while operating close to its solitary threshold. The maximum gain mode, which surprisingly often stable, serves as a seemingly unreachable goal for the system. In attempting to reach this mode, the system forms mode-locked pulses. In between pulses the mode-locking is frustrated and inevitably the system passes too close to one of the many saddle points, that will take the system back to the low power solitary laser state.


The Straits of Malacca connects two primary networks of shipping routes. To the west lies the Indian Ocean, with routes extending from the western coast of the Malay Peninsula to the shores of Africa, and to the east the South China Sea, with a network of routes connecting East and Southeast Asia. For many centuries before the arrival of Europeans in this area of the world, economic and sociocultural interaction was frequent. Even after European intervention many of these networks continued to operate with long-term consequences. While trade among people of different ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds was generally the prime motive to move, it did not restrict itself to the exchange of goods, but extended to the exchange of ideas, knowledge and customs.


Objective To evaluate the characteristic signs and value of CT in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.Methods CT features of gastric carcinoma in 35 cases confirmed by operation were analyzed retrospectively and comparative study of CT features and operative findings was made.Results The basic CT signs of gastric carcinoma demonstrated as thickened gastric wall and soft tissue mass. Direct infiltration and distal metastasis of gastric carcinoma were observed by CT.In 87.6% the CT findings were consistent with operative and pathological findings.Conclusions CT is an effective method for examining gastric carcinoma and the diagnosis would be more reliable.


In the development of science and technology, the public scientific theses have played an important role and greatly promoted the development of society. The vast majority scientific progress was announced in the form of papers in past centuries, and impactful contributions were often recognized by the research community with a great number of citations. However, inappropriate citation of papers still occurs from time to time and hinders the progress of human civilization. In this paper, we proposed an effective framework to address the citation intent recognition challenge in ACM WSDM Cup 20201. Our team name is ferryman and in our solution, we regarded this problem as the Information Retrieve (IR) task and proposed a framework with two stages of recall and ranking and finally our team won the 1st place with a Mean Average Precision @ 3 (MAP@3) score of 0.42583 on the final leaderboard2.


Introduction
We present a case of pacemaker infection with a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM).
Case presentation:
An 80-year-old woman presented with fever, weight loss and malaise for 2 months. Mycobacterium neoaurum was isolated from blood cultures and from cardiac pacing wires. She made an excellent recovery with combination antimicrobial therapy and removal of the device.
Conclusion:
Such RGMs are encountered with increasing frequency in intravascular device-associated infections, posing challenges for both laboratory identification and clinical management.


Global crop production is being challenged by rapid population growth, declining natural resources, and dramatic climatic turnovers. These challenges have prompted plant breeders to explore new ventures to enhance adaptation and sustainability in crops. One intriguing approach to make agriculture more sustainable is by turning annual systems into perennial which offers many economic and biodiversity-friendly benefits. Previous attempts to develop a perennial cereal crop employed a classical breeding approach and extended over a long period with limited success. Thus, elucidating the genetic basis of perenniality at the molecular level can accelerate the breeding process. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of bulb formation in the barley congener species Hordeum bulbosum by elucidating the transcripts presence/absence variation compared with other annual species in the Poaceae, and a differential expression analysis of meristem tissues. The PAV analysis recaptured the expected phylogeny and indicated that H. bulbosum is enriched with developmental and disease responsive genes that are absent among annual species. Next, the abundance of transcripts was quantified and allowed to identify differentially expressed genes that are associated with bulb formation pathways in addition to major circadian clock genes that regulate flowering. A first model for the bulb formation pathway is suggested and include developmental and starch biosynthesis genes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first transcriptome developed for H. bulbosum and the first attempt to describe the regulation of bulb initiation in cereals at the molecular level.


A method for the determination of the temperature of a gas by means of the absolute area of a Raman difference spectrum is described. Its versatility and accuracy are briefly discussed.


In an ordered decision information system, the consistent reduct, which is the minimal condition attribute subset keeping the set of consistent objects in the original information system invariant, is proposed. Then, it is proved that the consistent reduct is actually a L-reduct as well as a Q-reduct. Finally, the discernibility function of the consistent reduct is constructed, and used to compute the consistent reduct by using Boolean reasoning techniques. By discussing the consistent reduct, we get a new computing method which employs discernibility function for Q-redut.


A guide to researching the federal budget process: best government links/resources, interesting outlooks, where to find data. Sources outside government and policy analysis.


The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and in groundwater, has been recognized as a great environmental concern. Biodegradation and sorption are the main processes leading to the removal of contamination from the water phase. The aim of this study was to determine the transport processes of selected pharmaceuticals (antipyrine, atenolol, carbamazepine, caffeine, diclofenac, ketoprofen, sulfamethoxazole) in selected sediments (coarse sand, medium sand, sandy loam) in laboratory experiments. Moreover, the impact of flow velocities on the sorption and degradation rates of the selected compounds was studied. Column experiments were performed at three flow velocities, under abiotic and biotic conditions, applying conservative (bromide) and reactive tracers (pharmaceuticals). From the breakthrough curves, retardation factors and degradation rates were determined and the influence of variable flow conditions on transport parameters was evaluated. Low observed concentrations and recoveries of atenolol indicated a strong influence of sorption on its transport. Diclofenac, caffeine, and carbamazepine were also affected by sorption but to a lesser extent. Sulfamethoxazole, ketoprofen, and antipyrine were recovered nearly completely, indicating an almost conservative transport behavior. Biodegradation was small for all the compounds, as the results from biotic and abiotic column experiments were similar. Transport of the tested pharmaceuticals was not influenced by different flow velocities, as similar modelled degradation rates and retardation factors were found for all tested flow velocities.


Compaction history, reefs, Ireton Formation (Devonian), Alberta, Wizard Lake; previously published material (see this Bibliography Vol. 34, No. 4, 17 E70-12367) revised with reference to Mossop9s conclusions (see Mossop, Grant D., 17)


Key Points Question What are the rate of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 among a cohort of health care workers (HCWs) and the estimated effectiveness of the inactivated whole virion vaccine BBV152 against reinfection? Findings In this cohort study of 4978 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 from March 3, 2020, to June 18, 2021, the incidence density of reinfection was 7.26 per 100 person-years. A protective association of 86% against reinfection was observed among HCWs who completed the 2-dose schedule of BBV152 and for whom at least 15 days elapsed without reinfection after vaccination. Meaning The results of this study suggest that complete vaccination with BBV152 among HCWs in India is crucial, including in persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.


This paper deals with expletive negation, ne, in 17th century French. By 'expletive' ne, we usually mean the use of ne, in dependant clauses (comparative clauses: il est plus grand que n'etait son frere, or noun clauses: je crains qu'il ne vienne), where it can commute with zero, but not with full negation ne...pas. The first part of the paper examines the theoretical treatments of expletive ne, and especially its relation to negative ne (used alone or with pas); in case of a unitary treatment of the morpheme ne, two positions are possible: either deny to ne any full semantic value and consider it as a conditioned element, dependant of other contextual markers; or attribute to ne a basis semantic value, either negative (Guillaume) or "discordantielle" (Damourette et Pichon), which is responsible of different contextual values. The second and third parts, working on classical French corpora (first comparative clauses, then noun clauses), proves that expletive ne is used in much more delimitated contexts than in contemporary French, and its competition with zero is very limited. The paper examines which are the contextual factors correlated to the use of expletive ne or zero, and which semantic interpretation can be proposed when they can commute in similar contexts.


As one of the main and large-scale components of canned main circulation pump,the weight and size of canned motor possess direct impact on the weight and volume of main circulation pump.Based on mapping crossover genetic algorithm,a selfdeveloped method,the research on the conceptual design optimization of canned motor was carried out with the weight of effective material of the canned motor as the objective of optimization.The results show that the optimal weight of effective material is 9.933%less than the original design proposal,and the optimization effect is obvious.The sensitivity study of the effects of relevant parameters of the geometry size,wires and groove shape on the weight of effective material was also conducted in this paper.Corresponding results can provide reference for engineering design.


The goal of this research is to develop a mathematical model of heat transfer in protective garments exposed to routine fire environment (low level of radiant heat flux) in order to establish systematic basis for engineering materials and garments for optimum thermal protective performance and comfort. In the first stage, this paper focuses on the formulation of heat transfer model suitable for predicting temperature and heat flux in firefighter protective clothing, using COMSOL Multiphysics® package based on the finite element method. Computational results show the time variation of the temperature at the inner face of the protective clothing system during the exposure to a low-radiant heat flux as well as during the cooling-down period. Model predictions of the temperature agreed very well with the experimental temperature. In the second stage of this study, in order to predict the first and second-degree burns, the model of heat transfer through multilayer protective system was coupled with the heat transfer model in the skin. The Pennes model was used to model heat transfer in the living tissue. The duration of exposure during which the garment protects the firefighter from getting first and second-degree burns is numerically predicted using Henriques equation. The results demonstrated that even for a low-level thermal radiant heat flux, a typical three-layer thermal protective clothing system is required to protect the wearer from skin burn injury.


Liver fibrogenesis remains a significant outcome of chronic liver disease and etiologic factors of progression to end-stage liver cirrhosis.In recent years,the collective research efforts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this pathogenic condition have uncovered important regulatory roles for microRNAs(miRs) and autophagy signaling.In particular,miR-mediated silencing of target gene expression has been shown to regulate activation of the hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),which are the main source of the aberrantly synthesized and deposited extracellular matrix proteins.While several specific miRs have been identified and functionally characterized under conditions of liver fibrosis,such as miR-29b and its effects on type I collagen and TGFβ signaling,the entire panel of miRs and their contribution to the pathogenic process remains to be fully elucidated.Autophagy signaling has also been shown to regulate HSC activation.In particular,autophagy signaling stimulates the release of retinol ester and triglyceride containing lipid droplets from quiescent HSCs,and the energy generated from these fatty acids' breakdown causes HSC activation.In this review,the current knowledge on each of these newly recognized pathogenic mechanisms is summarized.By expanding our knowledge of the fibrogenesis-related processes involving miRs and/or autophagy signaling pathways/factors,effective molecular biomarkers may be identified to improve diagnosis,and novel therapeutic strategies may be developed for clinical applications.


This chapter considers the relationship between the development process and the diversification of activities induced by foreign direct investment (or FDI) over the past five decades of industrialisation. It analyzes the regional context for FDI attractiveness in Thailand, the impact of FDI on industrial development and sector diversification, through empirical data and policy analysis. Three phases are considered: Firstly the founding decades (1959-1985), then FDI take-off cum export-led growth (1986-1996), the crisis years and, since 1997, post crisis period. The conclusion, focuses on the present decade and addresses the issue of "uncertainty of FDI" to contribute to a new competitive advantage.


Objective To analyze the correlation between antibiotic susceptibility andbiofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods
According to Standardized Operational Guidance for Clinical Microbiological Testing, fifty-eight non-repetitive pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from blood, urine, sputum and purulent secretions of inpatients in the Laboratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in January 2018. The antibiotics susceptibility of strains was characterized by disk diffusion method and VITEK-2.96-hole culture. The biofilm formation ability was detected bythe crystal violet assay and Congo redplate methods.The in vitro dynamic forming process of S.aureus′sbiofilm was analyzed by crystal violet staining combined with bacterial culture in 96 wells.Besides, the rate differences of drug resistance between biofilm producers and non-producers was performed by Chi-square test. The diameter of bacteriostasis zone of biofilm producers and non-producers was compared by t test. The drug resistance among strains with different biofilm formation ability was analyzed withnonparametric rank sum test.

Results
The positive ratio of biofilm producing S.aureus was higher in MRSA (68.42%) than in MSSA(20.00%) (χ2=12.304,P=0.001. Antibiotic resistance rates of biofilm producers were higher than non-producers.The resistance rates of biofilm positive strains to oxacillin and clindamycin were 73.33% and 53.33%, respectively. The antibiotic resistance of the strain was higher along with the biofilm forming ability was increasing.(χ2=9.099,P=0.008). Depths of the S.aureus′s biofilm on the 96-well plates increased significantly over time and reached biofilm maturation after 72 hours′ incubation. Light microscopic observation revealed that the mature biofilm was compact and growing with many layers.

Conclusions
For the clinical isolates of S.aureus, the antibiotic resistance of biofilm producers is significantly higher than non-producers. Strains with stronger biofilm forming ability had higher antibiotics resistance. Depths of the S.aureus′s biofilm on the 96-well plates increased significantly over time and reached biofilm maturation after 72 hours′ incubation.

Key words:
Staphylococcus aureus; Biofilms; Microbial sensitivity tests; Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus


The 1987 amendments to the Older Americans Act of 1965 required that State Offices on Aging identify agencies involved in identifying and treating abused, neglected, and exploited elders and determine the need for appropriate services for such individuals. This paper discusses how the Dallas, Texas Area Agency on Aging met this requirement and what the community did to increase services for those in need. The creation of an Elder Abuse Task Force had a radiating impact on state law, the statewide adult protective service system, and regional policymaking bodies.


This chapter proposes a wavelet data hiding scheme for video authentication and ownership protection. A watermark in the shape of a logo image will be hidden. In this research, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) process is implemented using orthonormal filter banks, where the Y components of the YUV color space of the video frames are decomposed using DWT, and a watermark is inserted in one or more of the resulting sub-bands in a way that is fully controlled by the owner. Then, the watermarked video is reconstructed. The filters used for the DWT decompositions are randomly generated to increase the security of the algorithm. An enhanced detection technique is developed to increase the reliability of the system. The overall robustness of this scheme is measured when common attacks are applied to the test videos. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is used with the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) technique to examine the whole performance. Furthermore, a selective denoising filter is built to eliminate the effect of the noise. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves well under both the visual and the metric tests. Moreover, it performed well against intentional and unintentional attacks. The average normalized correlation achieved is 97%, while the mean peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is 45 dB.