Abstract : A recently developed Fortran program for calculating rigid-aircraft gust response has been applied to obtain Longitudinal and Lateral transfer functions and output response spectra for a general aviation, high-wing aircraft.


In a financial economy with asymmetric information and incomplete markets, we study how agents, having no model of how equilibrium prices are determined, may still refine their information by eliminating sequentially " arbitrage state(s) " , namely, the state(s) which would grant the agent an arbitrage, if realizable.


Advanced architectures for cluster-based services that have been recently proposed allow for service differentiation, server overload control and high utilization of resources. These systems, howev ...


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: method of defrosting and/or heating of liquid medical and food products, including components of blood, blood plasma and so forth, situated in flexible or solid vessels, provides contact action of the thermal source on products due to use as a heat source of the elastic electric heating module which densely wrap the vessel with a product. Meanwhile during heating the product in the vessel is being mixed from the moment of thawing. The efficiency of the heating module is increased due to displacement of air bubbles from the space between the vessel and the heat source by dense wrapping of the vessel with the elastic electric heating module. Meanwhile the process of product defrosting is monitored and controlled. At decrease of rate of change/growth of temperature Vi > Vi+1 is the mixer is switched on. The device for implementation of the method of defrosting and/or heating of frozen liquid medical or food products consists, at least, of one vessel with a product, the heat source, the mixer and the control unit. The heat source is the elastic electric heating module consisting of an elastic electric heating element placed in an electric insulating shell. The mixer is a platform fitted with the drive and the control unit on which the vessel with the electric heating module is fixed. EFFECT: device and the method allow to provide sufficiently uniform heating at direct contact with frozen liquid medical and food products without using the intermediary heat carrier, ensure intergity of defrozen products at significant decrease of power consumption per unit of defrozen product, possibility of creation of small-sized, independent defroster capable to work both from network power supplies, and from board and independent power supplies with low operating voltage that improves the safety of operation of such devices and creates conditions for significant expansion of scope of application. 10 cl, 4 dwg


This paper presents an experimental investigation of the behavior of a biomass test material, wheat. Ground wheat grain is replicated as fine biomass base. The experiment is based on voltage application inside a capacitive sensor. This sensor allows the sensing of very small capacitive variation. The sensor is incorporated with an interface sensing circuit based on circular and semi-circular shaped electrode and modified capacitive bridge. Analysis of a particular material's flow sensing behavior has been carried out by evaluating the measurement data and assessing conformity between experimentally obtained and simulated data.


Significance This study provides a deep population genomic analysis of 10,000 Capsicum accessions held in genebanks and representing a frame of the global diversity of the genus. By combining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based data and passport information, we investigated the genomic diversity and population structure of wild and domesticated peppers, tracing back to routes of evolution and providing a model of Capsicum annuum distribution, which reflects human trade and historical/cultural influences. Our results highlight west–east routes of expansion, shedding light on the links between South and Mesoamerica, Africa, and East/South Asia, the latter two constituting important diversification centers of pepper diversity. Finally, we outline a roadmap for genebank management and future direction for better exploitation of germplasm resources. Genebanks collect and preserve vast collections of plants and detailed passport information, with the aim of preserving genetic diversity for conservation and breeding. Genetic characterization of such collections has the potential to elucidate the genetic histories of important crops, use marker–trait associations to identify loci controlling traits of interest, search for loci undergoing selection, and contribute to genebank management by identifying taxonomic misassignments and duplicates. We conducted a genomic scan with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10,038 pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions from worldwide genebanks and investigated the recent history of this iconic staple. Genomic data detected up to 1,618 duplicate accessions within and between genebanks and showed that taxonomic ambiguity and misclassification often involve interspecific hybrids that are difficult to classify morphologically. We deeply interrogated the genetic diversity of the commonly consumed Capsicum annuum to investigate its history, finding that the kinds of peppers collected in broad regions across the globe overlap considerably. The method ReMIXTURE—using genetic data to quantify the similarity between the complement of peppers from a focal region and those from other regions—was developed to supplement traditional population genetic analyses. The results reflect a vision of pepper as a highly desirable and tradable cultural commodity, spreading rapidly throughout the globe along major maritime and terrestrial trade routes. Marker associations and possible selective sweeps affecting traits such as pungency were observed, and these traits were shown to be distributed nonuniformly across the globe, suggesting that human preferences exerted a primary influence over domesticated pepper genetic structure.


[Objective] To explore the role of 6T Practive Management in food safety management in college canteens.[Methods]To explore the effect of 6T practice management on food safety management of college canteens.[Methods]The methods of 6T practice management in college canteens and change of canteens after implementation of 6T practice management were investigated and analyzed detailedly.[Results]After 6T practice management was carried out,the college canteens became clean and tidy,the positivity of canteen staff was improved,the disinfection effect of tablewares and cooking utensils was enhanced,and the food safety was ensured.[Conclusion]6T practice management can combine with quantitative classification management system on food hygiene,which can improve the management level of food safety in catering industries.


The aim of this study is to utilize fly ash from various sources on chemical and physical properties of cement type I (OPC). Utilization of fly ash can improve the strengthness of the cement. It can reduce the waste of fly ash by utilization into cement process. The procedure has been carried out on cement type I (OPC) with the addition of fly ash additives from various sources with concentration variations such as 10% and 20%. Utilization of fly ash as additives substance in cement works to improve the quality of cement. The main parameter in determining the quality of cement is determined by the compressive strength. The results of the compressive strength test showed that the addition of fly ash with a concentration of 10% had a higher effect on the compressive strength than the addition of a concentration of 20%. 5 types fly ash from various sources, fly ash from PT Sinar Mas gives greater compressive strength at 28 days. the addition of fly ash additives to OPC cement mixture has chemical and physical properties which are not much different from properties of PCC cement.


There has been a rapid and significant growth in the use of projects as a method to drive the implementation of organisational change, thus a shift to a management paradigm. In practice, a project manager is often allocated to projects post scoping where the focus is on governance and execution; often with little understating of the real problem statement and the socio-political dynamics of the project environment. This paper provides a critical literature review which explores the current state of research relating to organisational change projects and argues that increased attention to socio-political dynamics and complexity within the front-end of projects would likely influence assessment of project viability, scope and approach. The paper identifies a gap in the literature focused on the pre-initiation phase of complex organisational change projects that puts people and uncertainty at the heart of this phase. It draws on the dynamics of the project environment, people and decision making under the umbrella of complexity during the critical pre-initiation phase of a project, where real value can be injected or destroyed. In doing so, the paper outlines a research agenda to inform future empirical work which is likely to hold significant implication for the boundaries of the project management discipline and the role of project management practitioners.


A total of 1594 dogs were screened and 53 dogs were found positive for dental affections. Recorded prevalence was 27 (50.94%) in Spitz cross, 5 (9.43%) in Doberman, 5 (9.43%) in Labrador, 8 (15.09%) in German shepherd, 1 (1.8%) in Great Dane, 1 (1.8%) in Saint Bernard and 6 (11.3%) in non-descript. Bacteria were isolated from the dental plaques and identified by Gram's staining. Among 27 samples, 8 bacterial genera were identified and those were of Neisseria (11.11%), Staphylococcus (29.62%), Bacillus (22.22%), Escherichia (14.81%), Moraxella (11.11%), Pseudomonas (3.73%), Streptococcus (11.11%) and Corynebacterium (3.73%).


Abstract Laboratory cultures of the mites Blomia tropicalis (van Bronswijk, Cock & Oshima) and Blomia kulagini (Zakhvatkin) were used to study the population dynamics of the mites and the kinetics of released allergens during the growth cycle. The analysis of extracts obtained after different incubation periods, by means of immunoblotting, and quantification of the major allergen Blo t 5, allowed definition of three different growth phases, demonstrating that mite cultures during the maximum growth (end of exponential growth curve–beginning maximum growth plateau) contain the largest amount of allergenic components as well as the highest Blo t 5 concentration.


In this text the authors explore such issues as US interests in Third World development, debt reduction strategies, the implications of the environmental crisis, appropriate goals for US development co-operation and the management of US policies and programmes.


BACKGROUND
Recent development of an assay based on the hybridization of the amplification product obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the RNA of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with specific probes for each viral genotype ("reverse-hybridization"), has permitted to have a rapid, simple and reproductible technique to identify the different genotypes of HCV. The identification of HCV genotypes seems to be important given their different pathogenic capacity and response to interferon therapy.

METHODS
We prospectively studied 221 patients with HCV infection defined by the detection of viral RNA in serum by "nested-PCR". HCV genotype was determined by "reverse-hybridization" using specific oligonucleotide-probes for each genotype corresponding to the 5, UTR.

RESULTS
HCV 1b genotype was predominant in 221 patients studied (180/221, 81%), followed by 1a (10%) and by 3 and 4 (4% respectively). Two patients presented mixed infection (1a/1b). No case of infection by genotypes 2 and 5 was found. The predominance of 1b genotype was more evident in adults than in children (83 vs 62%) (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
HCV 1b is the predominant genotype among our patients with hepatic disease induced by HCV. The reverse-hybridization assay is a simple and rapid technique that permit the identification of the most important genotypes of hepatitis C virus.


Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in human renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),dexmedetomidine group (group DEX),H/R group and H/R+ dexmedetomidine group (group H/R + DEX).In group C,the cells were incubated for 28 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group DEX,dexmedetomidine 0.1 nmol/L (final concentration) was added to the culture medium and the cells were incubated for 2 h,and then incubated for 28 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group H/R,the cells were incubated in an anaerobic chamber for 24 h at 37 ℃,and then incubated for 4 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group H/R + DEX,the cells were incubated for 2 h in the culture medium containing dexmedetomidine 0.1 nmol/L (final concentration),incubated in an anaerobic chamber for 24 h at 37 ℃,and then incubated for 4 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.After treatment in each group,the cell viability was measured by MTT assay,cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA was detected using RT-PCR,the expression of HIF-1α and activated caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blot,and the cell growth was observed.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the apoptosis rate was increased,and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein and activated caspase-3 protein was up-regulated in H/.R and H/R + DEX groups,and no significant change was found in group DEX.Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the expression of activated caspase-3 protein was down-regulated,and the cell status was significantly improved in group H/R + DEX.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates H/ R-induced damage to human renal tubular epithelial cells may be related to up-regulated expression of HIF-1 α and inhibited cell apoptosis.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine;  Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit;  Kidney tubules; Epithelial cells;  Reperfusion injury


The objective of this study was to estimate the sequestration of carbon under various land- use systems (LUS) in comparison with that of cocaine (Erythroxylon coca Lam.) cultivation. The ten land use systems evaluated were: cocaine, secondary forest, and eight agroforestry systems (AFS): AFS citric (Citrus sinensis L) established for 30 and 15 yr; AFS cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) both traditional and improved; AFS pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); AFS coffee (Coffea arabica L); SPS Echinochloa polystachya HBK, and Paspalum conjugatum Berg. Established technology was used to estimate carbon contents. Unlike cocaine monoculture, the other LUS were characterized by great botanical diversity, which permitted the storage of different quantities of carbon, depending upon age of the systems, with those up to five years of age (AFS coffee, AFS pupunha, improved SSP) exhibiting greater carbon accumulation than those of older age. The AFS were similar in storage of carbon in total biomass and in aerial biomass, but varied in carbon storage in the soil and differed from cocaine cultivation.


Soyasapogenol B, aglycone of soybean saponin, is known to have hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, antivirus, and anti-inflammatory activities. Flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) was the best immobilization carrier among five porous carriers testedfor immobilization of Aspergillus parasiticus cells for soyasapogenol B production from soybean saponin. Best yield of 79.45 % soyasapogenol B was obtained using only 50% of the biotransformation medium contents supplemented with five polyurethane foam discs loaded with 10 5 /ml spore suspension after 72h in the first cycle. This yield was higher thanthat produced by free cells (65 %) in full medium contents after 72h. Additionally, repeated batch biotransformation with immobilized fungal cells on flexible PUF could be successfully maintained for fifteen days and fermentation time could be reduced to 48h in the successive cycles (after the first one). The highest yield of soyasapogenol B (89.40 %)was reached on the third batch.


The article describes activity of g-glutamyltransferase in hepatic tissue of alloxan diabet. There is shown correlations between activity of gglutamyltransferase, redused glutathione level in hepatic tissue, oxidative stress of diabetes mellitus.


Caring for Places: Imagining Difference As the pressures of change and growth transform the very conditions of our being, the public realm urgently needs attention. We need to learn to make each project advance the place of which it is a part. There are many to advocate for singular advantage, but often no real voice or measure of extended conse- quence. The public realm needs publicity. Articles in the theme section of this issue, guest-edited by Charles C. Bohl with Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, explore both the differentiation of places according to their location in the region, and the dynamic between thinking in larger patterns and nurturing/accommodating the specific and the innova- tive as they contribute to the public realm. The works described here intend to overcome a ubiquitous form of thinking that has placed automobile access and singular buildings at the apex of a system of codes and regulations that now govern the dispersal of America and the excessive consumption of both land and energy resources. To offset the bundle of uniform, auto-oriented assumptions that have infil- trated planning and development processes nationwide, and that now guide construction of large segments of the U.S. (and increasingly the rest of the world), they suggest a graduated scale of development types, each suited to its position in a section (transect) cut through the land to reflect a complete range of possible settlement densities, from rural to urban. Each area of the transect is coded to certain types of building form, landscape arrangements, street designs, and transportation modes. The transect approach establishes arrangements that can, and should, be tuned to specific cultural and geographic conditions. For some, the idea of new form-based design codes based on transect zones may simply be about substituting one set of universalizing assumptions for another. Following a transect-derived form-based code may reduce the mind- less disorder of the suburban strip and lead to more clearly defined places at a variety of densities. But some "disorder" may also reflect the vibration of lives lived differently as a result of changing cultural and economic patterns. Aberra- tions may also result from a spirited urge to manifest an individual view on what it means to care for one's place in the world—to provide an intelligent dissent that is uncomfortable, but instructive. Whatever the case, the idea of the transect raises important issues that plan- ners, designers, and interested citizens should be addressing. As we have often pointed out, the purpose of Places is not to answer questions, but to raise them. How can any system of codes and regulations really help "build community"? If not the transect, how can we frame ideas about the connections of building form to location, and then bring them to play in community decisions? We need intelligent new theories about how to improve the often dismal quality of the world expanding around us. Building community requires absorbing the energies of life. We must learn to construct places that have sufficient diversity to nurture both change and reassurance. Used as a ground for imagining broad differences, the transect can help us to get there—emphasizing fundamental relationships in the public realm and giving them force. Used as a confining doctrine rather than as a tool for building communities of interests, it will not. We need places that encour- age and sustain both individual aspiration and common understanding. — Donlyn Lyndon Places 18.1


School Leadership - International Perspectives, (2010). Edited by Stephan. Gerhard Huber, New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg. 330 p. (ISBN 978-90-481-3500-4 [Print], 978-90-4813501-1 [Online]. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3501-1The demands of globalization, coupled with neoliberal agendas, are driving multiple changes worldwide in education systems. One issue in particular is an increase in accountability, which has placed improving school effectiveness as a core competency resulting in heightened interest in developing more effective school communities. Subsequently, this focus has increased the demand to improve school leadership. As Dimmock & Walker (1998) suggest, a broaden crosscultural research and comparative analysis of international initiatives of past and current leadership development is needed. School Leadership: International Perspectives provides such a collection. Stephen Huber, who is considered an expert in the field, edited the book. His work has focused largely on education management, system counseling, effectiveness and improvement of schools, and the professionalization of teachers and school leaders. In 2003 Huber joined an international conference organizing team and began hosting the conferences. Huber's aim of the conferences was to bring experts from the different fields of education together to discuss current issues, exchange ideas, and possible solutions to challenges faced in leadership. One of his strategies initiated from the conferences was a book project. The result is a collection of contributions from various conference attendees in the book, School Leadership: International Perspectives.Based on a premise that better leaders will improve teaching, student learning, and thus overall school effectiveness, School Leadership - International Perspectives makes a significant contribution to the field of educational leadership. It brings together a range of international perspectives of emerging issues and research based evidence. The book is particularly relevant for people in the field of educational leadership. Among other things, the book sheds light on emerging issues and current directions of leadership development. It helps illustrate how and why better leaders will help schools become more effective.Huber (2010) declares, the purpose of School Leadership - International Perspectives is to address the importance placed on school leaders as occupying the pivotal role to improving school effectiveness. This purpose provides the direction from which the book authors address current, international issues and trends in school leadership in areas such as professional development programs, professionalization, selection processes, qualifications and decision making authority. In the opening section of the book, to start the conversation, a remarkable collection of responses from the contributing book authors concerning good and bad leadership and metaphors of school leadership are included. The metaphors represent different perspectives on leadership and have different foci, depending on the context. This section is followed by a list of 16 significant discussions of the emerging issues of and reflections on school leadership, which sets the framework for the chapter topics to come. Therefore, the book is a collection of 16 chapters written by expert researchers in the field of school leadership. Considering leadership is a multilayered field of study, collectively the chapters provide a well-rounded discussion of cross-national research models, theories, comparative analyses of leadership approaches, professional development, methods for measuring leader effectiveness, and insight into the future of school leadership.For a book to be considered international status, it is important to present a variety of perspectives from both Western and Eastern points of view. Even though the international perspective is not all encompassing in the book, and may appear to be from a more western perspective, the chapters are promising in encouraging and providing transferability, valuable resources, and inspiration for other countries beginning to face emerging issues and developmental stages of school leadership. …


To resolve directed cutset of Directed Assembly Connection Graph(DACG),an efficient algorithm for the enumeration of all directed cutsets of DACG was presented.This algorithm recursively enumerated a part of DACG directed segs which had one connected subgraph by using the theory of edge contraction.And then all directed cutsets from the set of those directed segs were selected by analyzing connectivity of another subgraph.Theoretical analysis and experimental analysis of the algorithm showed that the improved algorithm was feasible and efficient.Time complexity of the improved algorithm was much lower than existing algorithms.


A model is proposed for the mechanism of material removal in ultrasonic machining. From this model and fundamental physical principles, a machining rate equation is derived for the special case where solid, circular tools are used in conjunction with a puddled slurry. A comparison of the predictions of the theory with the experimental data shows that the theory gives the correct relationship between the machining rate and the variables involved in the machining process. Suggestions for the improvement of the ultrasonic machining process are presented, and the method to be used in generalizing the theory is outlined. The poor reproducibility of the machining rate measurements is explained on the basis of the machining rate equation.


For a small country like the Philippines, watching the rise of Asia and the relative decline of the West hearkens its people to re-examine their past in the light of recent geo-political shifts. How is a nation to survive obvert and subversive political violence from State enemies? The answer is to find strength from collective resolve against aggression and intimidation by the world's latest bullies, by taking refuge in the rule of law embodied by the United Nations, and in collective security arrangements with fellow democracies and like-minded allies. Like most global upheavals, this storm would pass over


A significant majority of Indigenous infectious syphilis notifications in Queensland arise in remote parts of the Northern Area Health Service (NAHS) in populations that historically have sustained a disproportionate burden of disease and where cases of congenital syphilis are notified almost every year. The downward trend in Indigenous syphilis rates state-wide is amplified in three remote health service districts where 29% of the NAHS Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population reside (Map). In contrast, the notification rate for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population living in the NAHS but outside these remote districts, showed no significant trend over the same period (p=0.092), suggesting that changes within these districts were largely responsible for the observed fall in the Queensland Indigenous notification rate. (author abstract)


: The aim of the study was to verify the efficacy of the Tone-Control method in inducing a reduction in the tension of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, and therefore a normalisation of posture in the segment. The authors analysed the change in posture, which was related to the muscle tension of the pectoralis major muscle and the trapezius muscle, resulting from the administration of a programme of encoded exercises known as the Tone Control method. The study was conducted on 70 patients with postural back pain, aged between 25 and 81 years and with a mean age of 61.9 years, 11 male patients and 59 female patients, who attended group rehabilitation for a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 15 sessions. Acute phase patients, patients on anti-inflammatory pharmacological treatment and patients with hernias or bulging causing thecal sac impingement were excluded from the study. Measurements were taken of the angles of the joints in the scapulohumeral segment during the first and last sessions. The NRS (numeric rating scale) pain scale was administered at the start and end of the cycle of sessions. Conclusions: Patients in the study group experienced improvements in the angle measurements that were proportionally greater than those of the control group, together with a considerable reduction in perceived pain, with an overall improvement in posture and shoulder girdle function.


FIELD: measuring equipment. SUBSTANCE: linear displacement meter contains a differential eddy current transducer, in parallel with the excitation winding of which a capacitor is connected, forming a parallel resonant LC circuit with the excitation winding, as well as an indicator and a generator. The measuring windings of the differential eddy current transducer are connected through the first and the second rectifiers respectively to the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the differential amplifier. In addition, a current source, an amplitude detector, a scale amplifier, the second indicator, a comparing unit, and a calculating unit are input. EFFECT: increasing the accuracy of the displacement measurement and expanding the functionality by simultaneous measuring the longitudinal and transverse movements of the monitored object. 2 dwg


The nature and extent of degradation of three hydrogen montmorillonites differing in their chemical composition owing to isomorphous substitution was evident from their lattices at the edges and planar surfaces os indicated by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal, chemical and electrometric analyses and determination of free oxides. There is marked colour change, appreciable lowering of pH, and loss of dispersive character and formation of flocs, often of a thixotropic gel. There is an increase in the free oxide contents of the montmorillonites as well as the water holding capacities. Considerable amounts of aluminium, iron, magnesium and other octahedral cations are removed from the lattices followed by redistribution of electrical charges in the tetrahedral and octahedral layers. They also exhibit a gradual change from weak acid to strong acid character with decrease in cation exchange capacities. The three hydrogen montmorillonites differ widely in the degradation of their lattices.


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Hand eczema (HE) causes frequent periungual inflammation, affecting the functioning of the nail matrix unit leading to varied clinical reaction patterns. The objective of the study was to study nail dystrophic changes among patients of HE and to investigate the association between the prevalence of nail dystrophy and HE severity.

In the present study, 100 consecutive patients of HE presenting to our hospital were evaluated. Morphological features of nail dystrophy, involvement of HE in the fingertip area, and presence of paronychia were assessed. Where indicated, samples of nail unit were sent for bacterial and fungal cultures.

Nail involvement was seen in 76% of the patients; loss of cuticle was the commonest (37%) finding. A positive correlation (P = 0.012) was found between paronychia and nail dystrophic changes. Hand eczema severity index >12 was seen in 28.9% of patients with nail dystrophy as compared to 12.5% without nail dystrophy (P = 0.259). Severity index of 3+ was documented more in the presence of nail dystrophy as compared to 0 in patients without nail dystrophy (P = 0.001). Out of 20 samples sent for bacterial nail culture, 8 (40%) grew Staphylococcus aureus and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Yeast grew in nail KOH in 7 (30.4%) of 23 samples but cultures were negative.

Nail involvement adds up to the clinical severity of the disease and maybe affected by chronicity, duration of disease, and impacts the disease prognosis.


For over 30 years, crash prediction models (CPMs) have been created and analyzed, trying to find the best way to predict where crashes will occur and how to prevent them in the future. This has recently become a popular discussion and reality since the release of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) and its CPM in 2010. However, many are still hesitant to begin implementing these methods as the accuracy can vary. This is a study testing the original HSM's CPM to a state calibrated CPM, and new, independent CPMs to find the best model for rural, two-lane highways in Kansas. Almost 300 miles of highway geometric data were collected to create these new models using negative binomial regression. The most significant variable in each model was found to consistently be the roadside hazard rating. These models were compared against CPMs calibrated to be used on the HSM using nine validation segments. A difficulty to overcome was the large amount of animal-related crashes, as they accounted for 58.9 percent of crashes on Kansas highways. Removing those from the equation showed a large improvement in accuracy against other models created.


is study aims to examine and analyze the effect of liquidity, profitability, the size of the firm and its value in capital structure. e sample in this study was 15 banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the 2014-2018 period. e method of analysis used was Eviews 8.0 program. e results of this study indicate that liquidity, profitability, and firm size significantly influence capital structure. Capital structure is not a mediator of the influence of liquidity and profitability on firm value, while the capital structure is a mediator of the effect of firm size on firm value.


The global microchip marketplace has seen unprecedented growth and evolution over the last few years, yet the North American market remains relatively undeveloped, despite the widespread belief in the tremendous benefits that this technology has to offer. With leadership and user group solidarity in North America, Canadian veterinarians can be the catalyst for similar marketplace evolution and broader technology implementation. This article is intended to provide an overview of the dynamics of the current global microchip marketplace and the status of standardization efforts, including the benefits that have and will accrue to those who embrace it. It will culminate in a suggested blueprint for change that is intended to spur discussion and eventual implementation of an action plan to realize the full potential that this technology has to offer.


This paper is organized into two sections. The first, on alternative decentralization strategies, examines government structures and their strategies for decentralizing public sector agricultural extension service systems. Two basic governmental structures (federal and unitary) and three basic strategies (structural, fiscal and stakeholder participatory involvement in management) are examined; a conceptual framework is developed around these structures and alternative strategies. This framework suggests that decentralizing reforms are determined in part according to a country's constitutional status, and that this status informs the type of strategy adopted or in progress and, in some cases, the type of financial strategy for cost recovery. The second section, on decentralization guidelines and recommendations, considers a number of related questions: the practice of setting national goals, determining institutional strategies and clarifying intended outcomes. Also briefly reviewed are a number of guideli...


Thermal sensing and thermography yield important information about the dynamics of many physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. Spatially resolved thermal sensing enables failure detection in technological systems when the failure mechanism is correlated with localized changes in temperature. Indeed, IR-imaging systems have become ubiquitous for applications where line-of-sight contact can be made between the measured object and the camera lens. Nevertheless, many critical applications do not lend themselves to radiative IR imaging because of the subterraneous nature of the monitored surface, spatial constraints, or cost considerations. The recent challenge of monitoring the skin temperature beneath the thermal tiles on the space shuttle represents a good example in which high-spatial-resolution information is required on very large surface areas but which cannot be obtained using traditional thermal-imaging systems. Thus, the problem of continuously monitoring and detecting a thermal excitation on very large areas (100 m) with high resolution (1 cm) is one that has remained largely unsolved. We present a new methodology for measuring spatially resolved temperature information on large areas with high spatial resolution and low cost. Underlying our approach is a new fiber material that senses heat along its entire length and generates an electrical signal. This is in contrast to all previous work on thermal sensing using fibers, which require the use of optical probing signals. Although the fibers are produced by thermal drawing, they contain a set of materials that have not been traditionally associated with this process. The use of thermal drawing guarantees the production of extremely long fibers, while the innovation in preparation of the preform and choice of materials allows the incorporation of novel functionalities. Specifically, both thermal and electrical functionalities are obtained in the fibers studied in this communication, while optical and optoelectronic functionalities in alternative designs have been obtained previously and are reported elsewhere. The fibers are produced by a novel fabrication technique that enables the incorporation of materials with widely disparate electrical and thermal properties in a single, macroscopic, cylindrical preform rod, which subsequently undergoes thermal drawing to give solid-state microstructured fibers with high uniformity. The main requirements in the materials used in this preform-to-fiber approach are as follows: 1) the component which supports the draw stress should be glassy, so as to be drawn at reasonable speeds in a furnace, with self-maintaining structural regularity; 2) the materials must be above their respective softening or melting points at the draw temerature to enable fiber codrawing; and 3) the materials should exhibit good adhesion/wetting in the viscous and solid states without delamination, even when subjected to thermal quenching. According to these requirements, we identified suitable semiconducting, insulating, and metallic materials. The insulating material is a 75 lm thick polymer film: polysulfone (Ajedium, USA), having a glass-transition temperature, Tg = 190 °C. The chosen semiconducting glass, Ge17As23Se14Te46 (GAST), was arrived at by optimizing the composition formula GexAs40–xSeyTe60–y (10 < x < 20 and 10 < y < 15) under constraints of compatibility of Tg and viscosity with the codrawn polymer. Metallic electrodes are made of the alloy 96 %Sn–4 %Ag, which has a low meltingtemperature range (TM = 221–229 °C) below the fiber-drawing temperature of 270 °C. The chemical composition of the glass is chosen such that the electronic mobility gap of the amorphous semiconductor is small, yielding high electrical responsivity to small changes in temperature. The fabrication process (see Fig. 1A) begins with preparing cylindrical rods of the glass (see "Amorphous Semiconductor Synthesis" in the Experimental section). A cylindrical shell of polymer having an inner diameter equal to that of the glass rod is prepared with four slits removed from the walls. Four thin rods of the metal alloy are then placed in these slits. The glass rod is inserted into the polymer shell (Fig. 1A(a)), and a polymer sheet is then rolled around the resulting cylinder to provide a protective cladding (Fig. 1A(b)). Finally, the cylinder is thermally consolidated (Fig. 1A(c)) and subsequently is drawn in a fiber-draw tower producing hundreds of meters of C O M M U N IC A IO N S


CENTURIES of proximity, both geographical and legal, have failed to provide any precise authority as to whether English courts should treat the whole of the law of Ireland as foreign law to be proved as a fact ' or as domestic law to be judicially noticed. On this subject the textbooks are not unanimous. Writers on the English conflict of laws and on evidence are agreed, it is true, as to the status of Irish law in the House of Lords, that commune forum of the United Kingdom, where Irish law has been judicially noticed. But as to the English courts, though Taylor " and Wills * regard Irish law as the subject of notice, Stephen a and Halsbury ' deal only with judicial notice of the unwritten or common law of Ireland. Yet Cheshire states without qualification that the law of Northern Ireland is foreign law, and a recent writer on evidence asserts that the law of both Northern Ireland and Eire is a matter of fact to be determined on the evidence adduced.* As this disparity of opinion cannot be explained entirely by the constitutional changes in Ireland, it may be well to consider briefly whether Irish law has any of the features of foreign law in other systems within the British Isles or Commonwealth or elsewhere. (1) A consideration of two principal sources of law shows that at least half the jurisdictions within the British Isles administer law which is foreign to the English courts. Thus, it is well settled that the institutional law of Scotland, apart from its affinity to Roman


Steady, one‐dimensional, oblique, hydromagnetic waves of small but finite amplitudes in a cold plasma are considered. Analysis is based on an equation derived by Saffman and is restricted to a class of the waves with a large critical Mach number and high‐frequency oscillations. Solutions are given in an asymptotic expansion. In the lowest order of perturbation the equation is integrated to give the solutions in closed form, which exhibit compressional solitary waves.


Abstract The efficacy and safety of thoracoscopic atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting have been previously reported. Herein, we describe the successful combination of both procedures in a high-risk patient with symptomatic drug-refractory paroxysmal AF and a proximal left main stenosis. This innovative procedure offers patients an all-in-one, truly minimally invasive approach to treat AF and left anterior descending artery disease. Based on our initial experience, the procedure is safe and feasible.


Bratney, William A., M. S . , 1977 Geology Mineralogical and Elemental Trends in the Stibnite H i l l Mine, Sanders County, Montana Chairman: Dr. Ian M. Lange The mineral ization studied in the Stibnite H i l l Mine consists of abundant s t ibn ite and quartz superimposed on an e a r l i e r , minor arsenopyri te , sphalerite, and pyrite mineral assemblage. Trace amounts of chalcopyrite exsolved from sphalerite, and realgar associated with arsenic-saturated st ibn ite were also observed. Forty-nine samples of st ibn ite collected from 17 vein exposures in the Babbit Vein were anal yzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the ir content of the major non-stoichiometric elements— arsenic, iron, zinc, lead, and copper. The v a r ia b i l i t y shown by the results obtained for the individual e le  ments and the total metals supports an e a r l ie r suggestion that s t ibn ite may be a valuable indicator of subtle changes in low temperature, a n t i  mony-rich, aqueous alkaline sulfide solutions. The lead values were most abundant in the older workings of the mine, closest to the pre sumed source of the antimony mineralization within the Thompson Pass Fault. The trend established for the total metals values was similar to that of lead, in that both decreased along the str ike of the vein to the northeast. Zinc was most abundant in the central portions of the deposit. Copper, iron, and arsenic increased along str ike. The total metals values varied from about 1500 ppm to about 11,800 ppm. This trace element zonation pattern ( lead--z inc--copper-i ron--arsenic) may be related to the re la t ive s t a b i l i t ie s of the trace metal complexes in alkal ine sulfide solutions, and hence may indicate the source of the mineral ization. Sulfide complexes of lead have been shown to have only a very limited so lub i l i ty in this type of ore solution. Thus, i t is not surprising that i t is most abundant closest to the presumed source. Zinc and copper form more stable sulfide complexes than lead, and were deposited most rapidly farther from the source. Iron is known to form stable complexes in the presence of abundant sulf ide ion, and although there is a great deal of overlap between the d i f fe ren t trace elements, i t seems to have been deposited most abundantly even further from the Thompson Pass Fault than copper or zinc. Arsenic is known to form very stable sulfide complexes, and is found in greatest amounts farthest from the source. Thus, this explanation of the trace metals d is t r ibu  tion indicates that the most l ik e ly direction of ore solution trans port was to the northeast. Application of these findings may prove to be a valuable tool in the development of this property and other s t ib nite-bearing mineral deposits. i i


ed by Louis Lauro, Ph.D. Comments by Abstracter/Translator: Although there is no explicitly identified theme for this number of the Rivista, most of the articles deal with symbolization. Vallino describes the importance of ultimately enabling the symbolic representation of pathological transferences in trauma cases. In a sociological/psychoanalytic analysis, Contardi describes the current trend toward emphasizing action at the expense of symbolization and reflection, in both clinic and culture. Zilkha describes psychodrama as complementary to psychoanalytic work in enabling the representation of separateness in a severe narcissistic disorder of adolescence. Theoretical-Clinical Journeys through Trauma. By Dina Vallino. Pp. 5-22. The familial type of trauma is not necessarily experienced by the subject as a loss that affects him; but it is one that powerfully impacts and subsequently pervades the family environment. Patients who have suffered such traumas often end up in interminable analyses because these traumas bring about the collapse of normal identifications and the formation of pathological identifications, a phenomenon extensively described by Ferenczi. These pathological identifications resist symbolic representation and persist as introjects, persecutors of the Ego; they are not integrated into the developmental process, but are etched into the mind, devitalizing the self.


Objectives: The primary chondrosarcoma of the trachea is an extremely rare non-epithelial neoplasm with only few cases published in the literature. We present a clinical case of primary chondrosarcoma of the trachea with exten- sive extraluminal growth. Case description: trachea. at the end of the the trachea, on the eve of Cytologic examination of the transtracheal biopsy the respiratory function 3 days operated on via partial median sternotomy. Tracheal resection (5 rings) and removal of bulky extratracheal tumour component was carried out. Tracheal anas- by standard membranous part, interrupted sutures on the anterior wall). The postoperative uneventful. Pathologic proved low-grade (G1) chondrosarcoma of the trachea. the on postoperative day9.Heiswellanddisease-free24monthsaftersurgery. Conclusions: This report demonstrates the unusual presentation of the primary chondrosarcoma with component


Many students are less interested in mathematics, where mathematics is known for its difficulties. But there are also students who enjoy math lessons. The attitudes and traits of students are quite diverse in the classroom with some of the characters they have. As teachers, we must be able to understand and shape the character of students so that they become good students. The purpose of character education is to form the mental and attitudes of students to be more positive. SDN Badak Anom became one of the schools chosen to see the various characters of students in the classroom during mathematics learning. Therefore, students are expected to have the ability of cognitive aspects, psychomotor aspects, and effective aspects. Then apply positive character values. Religious values, discipline values, tolerance values, and responsibility values.


The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of acoustic stimulation on human spinal motoneuron excitability. For this purpose, we used the soleus (Sol) H-reflex as a test reflex, and three different types of acoustic stimuli as conditioning stimuli. The features of the acoustic stimuli were as follows, 1) click sound (CS) , 2) tone burst composed of 11 click sounds (TBL, interstimulus interval 10 ms), 3) tone burst composed of 21 click sounds (TBH, interstimulus interval 5 ms). The intensity and frequency of each sound was 110 dB and 0.5 kHz, respectively. Significant facilitation of the Sol H-reflex occurred at conditioning-testing (C-T) intervals of 50 ms in all subjects when the TBL stimulus was used (mean•}S. D. ; 50.3•}8.2 ms). This facilitatory effect appeared early and later when TBH (43.7•}3.7 ms) and CS (59.2•}4.5 ms) stimuli were used, respectively.The maximum facilitatory effect appeared at a C-T interval of 100 ms (mean and S. E.; 98.0•}0.8 ms) and the amount of peak facilitation at that time was 156.1•}1.4% (relative to the con trol value). Thereafter, the amount of facilitation decreased sharply up to a C-T interval of 200 ms. However, slight but significant facilitation was observed continuously up to a C-T interval of 500 ms. No significant inhibition of the Sol H-reflex was observed between a C-T interval of 0 and 500 ms in all subjects. Irrespective of whether the magnetic cortical stimulation was given before or after the Sol H-reflex at a short interval (2 to 2 ms) , the acoustic facilitation of the Sol H-reflex was not changed with a C-T interval of 50 ms. Additional facilitation due to magnetic cortical stimulation was, however, obtained in one of the four subjetcts when a C-T interval of 100 ms was used. These results suggest that the acoustic facilitation of the Sol H-reflex is composed of three different facilitatory mechanisms; 1) a pathway with a high threshold and shorter latency (about 40 ms), 2) a pathway with a lower threshold and medium latency (about 60 ms), and 3) a pathway with a relativelyhigh threshold and longer latency (longer than 200 ms) . In addition, we discussed the mechanisms that underlie the facilitatory effects of the Sol H-reflex. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Med. 1995, 44: 163.172) key words : auditory stimulation, H-reflex, magnetic cortical stimulation, human, facilitation


The internet of things and just-in-time are the embryonic model of innovation for the state-of-the-art design of the service system. This paper aims to develop a fault-tolerant machining system with active and standby redundancy. The availability of the fault-tolerant redundant repairable system is a key concern in the successful deployment of the service system.,In this paper, the authors cogitate a fault-tolerant redundant repairable system of finite working units along with warm standby unit provisioning. Working unit and standby unit are susceptible to random failures, which interrupt the quality-of-service. The system is also prone to common cause failure, which tends its catastrophe. The instantaneous repair of failed unit guarantees the increase in the availability of the unit/system. The time-to-repair by the single service facility for the failed unit follows the arbitrary distribution. For increasing the practicability of the studied model, the authors have also incorporated real-time machining practices such as imperfect coverage of the failure of units, switching failure of standby unit, common cause failure, reboot delay, switch over delay, etc.,For deriving the explicit expression for steady-state probabilities of the system, the authors use a supplementary variable technique for which the only required input is the Laplace–Stieltjes transform (LST) of the repair time distribution.,For complex and multi-parameters distribution of repair time, derivation of performance measures is not possible. The authors prefer numerical simulation because of its importance in the application for real-time uses.,The stepwise recursive procedure, illustrative examples, and numerical results have been presented for the diverse category of repair time distribution: exponential (M), n-stage Erlang (Ern), deterministic (D), uniform (U(a,b)), n-stage generalized Erlang (GE[n]) and hyperexponential (HE[n]).,Concluding remarks and future scopes have also been included. The studied fault-tolerant redundant repairable system is suitable for reliability analysis of a computer system, communication system, manufacturing system, software reliability, service system, etc.,As per the survey in literature, no previous published paper is presented with so wide range of repair time distribution in the machine repair problem. This paper is valuable for system design for reliability analysis of the fault-tolerant redundant repairable.


The requirements of different electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride), dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and salt source in broilers have considerably changed in recent times. The increasing level of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and DEB are associated with higher pH (i.e. alkalosis) while lower levels of chloride (Cl) and DEB are linked with a lower pH (i.e. acidosis). A narrow range of DEB (150–250 mEq/kg) is recommended to overcome the variations in acid base homeostasis and normal blood chemistry especially in summer conditions. The supplementation of suitable salts like NaHCO3 and KCl are proven to be beneficial to sustain viability of various biochemical processes. The cations usually alleviate whereas anions exacerbate the lysine:arginine antagonism. In most cases, the electrolytes and their balance (DEB) are considered ineffective in order to influence carcass and related traits; however, the supplementation of their respective salts, particularly NaHCO3 and KCl under heat stress, showed contrary but potentially useful results. The role of electrolytes in combination with coccidiostats is still ambiguous; however, the level of both entities (electrolytes and coccidiostats) should be kept low and studied in detail for mutual compatibility. The inclusion level of electrolytes from various salt sources changes whenever there is change in coccidiostat and environmental condition. Keeping in mind environmental constraints, it is recommended to use the lowest dosage of NaHCO3/ NaCl alongside ionophores. Consequently, it is recommended to supplement electrolytes through a combination of NaHCO3 and KCl, and maintaining dietary electrolyte balance (150–250 mEq/kg) is mandatory to exploit improved physiological responses of broilers for maximum growth response.


Earthquake Prediction: Seismo-Electromagnetic Phenomena is a review of research on electromagnetic emissions (EME) as precursors to earthquakes. The authors state in the introduction that the book is primarily based on their own work, so there is heavy emphasis on the Russian literature. Fewer than 15% of the references are taken from European, Asian, and North American sources. Though the title implies a diverse range of signals, the authors focus mostly on EME in the kHz-MHz range. There is little discussion of signals in the ULFand lower-frequency bands.


We mainly study the controller design problem of discrete network cascade control systems (NCCSs) with state delay and event-triggered control are studied firstly in this paper. For the reason that use network bandwidth resources effectively, a delayed event-triggered mechanism is introduced into the system with time delay. Firstly, Considering the influence of network delay and event-triggered control, and on account of the above conditions, the NCCS model with state delay is established. After that, We can construct a suitable Lyapunov function and provide sufficient conditions of system stability. On this basis, the co-design method of the four event generator parameters and two gain of proportional (P) controllers. Finally, based on the actual needs of industry, a Matlab simulation example of NCCS based event-triggered control in a thermal power plant is given to show the availability of this way, which shows that this method can save network bandwidth resources.


Three shallow lakes from the southeastern pampas, which exhibit differences in their physic-chemical characteristics of water and substrate, were studied with the aim of comparing live/dead fidelity and preservation of mollusk shells. The studied lakes were Las Mostazas (LM; 37°9'57″S; 57°14'50″W), Los Carpinchos (LC; 37°3'34″S; 57°19'56″W) and Nahuel Ruca (NR; 37°37'21″S; 57°25'42″W). The three lakes exhibited differences in specific richness, abundance, compositional fidelity, and taphonomic alteration. The lake that presented the higher values of conductivity (3.34±0.72), hardness (286±83 mgl-1) and carbonates saturation index (SIcalcite= 1.95±0.21) was the one that recorded lower specific richness in living assemblages, differences in richness and diversity between living and death, and was the only lake where the number of species was higher in dead assemblages (R=5) than in living communities (R=2), suggesting a higher residence time in the taphonomically active zone. On the other hand, the lakes with lower values of the same characteristics (conductivity= 2.2±1.2; 0.8±0.5; hardness= 157±55; 250±127 mgl-1; SIcalcite= 0.35±0.15; 0.43±0.36, for LC and NR respectively) showed a higher species richness, lower number of species in dead assemblages (8 species) than in living communities (10 species) and taphonomic attributes that suggested recently dead and deposited individuals. All these results suggest that water conditions in these lakes decreases the preservation of carbonate remains in comparison with the previously mentioned lake. Even though the lakes are located close from each other and have similar shape and depth, the differences in water characteristics may be affecting shell preservation giving rise to different fossil assemblages.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED Olive processes and to provide a method and apparatus for the paste. A for processing the set material, in particular, an apparatus and method for making the olive paste to extract the oil. Device includes a housing having an inlet for receiving a set material, a drive shaft which coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the housing, it is attached on the eccentric portion of the drive shaft, and a crushing drum can freely rotate around the eccentric portion, and a final mill located downstream of the crushing drum. .FIELD 2B


Foreword by Robert M. May, University of Oxford, U.K.- Emergent Phenomena in Spatially Extended Model Ecosystems.- Diversity, Stability, and Metadynamics: Remarks from Coupled Map Studies.- Spatial Dynamics of Populations.- Deterministic and Stochastic Host-Parasitoid Dynamics in Spatially Extended Systems.- Metapopulation Collapse: The Consequences of Limited Gene-Flow in Spatially Structured Populations.- On Wolf Territoriality and Deer Survival.- Models of Habitat Fragmentation.- Making Sense of Spatial Models in Ecology.- The Incidence Function Approach to Modeling of Metapopulation Dynamics.- Transients in Spatial Ecological Models.- Spatial Pattern Formation in Ecological Systems: Bridging Theoretical and Empirical Approaches.- The Challenge of Applying Spatially Explicit Models to a World of Sparse and Messy Data.- Index.


Composite material of glass fiber base is very promising material for future structures. It is possible to create bridge span consists of steel main beams and GFRP deck, according for example ASSET system. The author's research is about parameters of composite material of bridge deck like alternative for concrete one. Identification of kind of glass fiber and type of polymer matrix or type of adhesive with steel or concrete, there are very interesting directions of searching line. The paper will be presented the results of DTA and spectroscopy analysis of GFRP composite, according own paper author's research. It will be described the examples of bridges where GFRP deck have been constructed with main steel beams. The text will give horizon of future author's research of this kind of bridges. Future model stress and fatigue analysis will be showed by main topics. Presented kind of bridges are good alternative for traditional structures by long durability, anticorrosion, light deck with imposing stress parameters. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and review under responsibility of University of Žilina, FCE, Slovakia.


The new tomographic formulation of quantum mechanics is used to develop a method which can reconstruct the entire density matrix of a two-particle spin state in terms of positive classical distributions of probabilities of the values of certain observables. It is shown that to obtain a complete description of the mixed spin state it is necessary to know not only the probabilities of the spin projections as functions of the coordinates of the points on a unit sphere but also the probabilities defining the contributions of the pure states to the mixed ones. With the help of this method the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox is analysed. It is shown that to remove the paradox the observer must strictly fix at every moment the set of observables and describe the transformation of one set into another. Such a description is performed with the help of the technique of selective and nonselective measurements as defined by Schwinger.


Abstract Calixarenes are synthetic macrocycles obtainable by joining phenolic units through methylene bridges. Since they have original molecular architecture, they are considered to be important starting materials in design novel host-molecules for molecular recognition and separation. Introduction of chirality into calixarenes seems to be of great value for development of new class of artificial enzymes. Chira1 lower rim trisubstituted calix[4]arenes 2 possessing no plane of symmetry were synthesized with good yields by one-pot procedure consisted in successive treatment of 1,3-di-phosphorylcalix[4]arenes 1 in cone conformation with 1 eq. NaH and benzoyl chloride or methyl monobromoacetate.


Abstract: Sacrificial anode technique has been used to synthetize title compounds in two different ways. First, use was made of α-chloronitriles as the starting materials, zinc as the anode and a THF-HMPA mixture as the solvent. Second, use of an aluminium-made anode, the nitrile being at the same time the substrate and the solvent was shown to be also efficient. This work is part of the Ph.D. Thesis of T.C. (University Bordeaux I, 1994). Present address: Laboratoire de Synthese Asymetrique (URA 1410 CNRS) ENSSPICAM, Faculte des Sciences de Saint-Jerbme, Avenue Nomandie- Nibmen, 13297 Marseille Cedex 20 (France).


To evaluate the effect of technical progress on economical growth,the R. M. Solow Residual Value Method can be adopted to calculate thecontribution rate of railway transport technical progress. According the charactersof railway transportation, choosing relevant economical values and eachparameter needed by the calculation, the annual technology contribution ratecan be obtained for railway transportation for the period of 1996-2001. Thecalculation result is highly credible and can be used as statistics data for railwaytransport sector as well as reference for decision-making.


In this paper, we use the numerical method to study the influences of and deformations on the quantum statistical properties of even and odd qs-coherent states. It is shown that nonclassical properties of the even and odd qs-coherent states are very different from those of the usual even and odd coherent states. It is found that squeezing and antibunching effect appear for both even and odd qs-coherent states in some range of the parameters , and . The smaller the and are, the larger the difference between the even and odd qs-coherent states and the usual even and odd coherent states is.


The article discusses the creation and teaching of public strategic management methods that will help to work against the rapid rise of public problems. Solutions to these problems must be analytical so that they focus on the situation at hand and do not create new problems to be solved. Using group-generated word-and-arrow diagrams and computer-supported group modeling, researchers were able to take advantage of high levels of viewpoint inclusion and analysis. However, the time that it took to integrate several different research approaches would noticeably increase the time that would be needed spent with each individual group.


Prediction of gas well productivity is very important in gas field development.There are a variety of prediction methods,but the theory of steady seepage still is the basis of gas well productivity prediction.A variety of new theories and methods are comprehensively assessed and discussed,especially the adaptability of quadratic trinomial and cubic trinomial.Case application indicates that quadratic trinomial can determine the absolute open flow and critical production of gas wells,which are used to determine more rational working system.For high pressure and high production gas wells,cubic trinomial is feasible to determine the absolute open flow.On this basis,this paper discusses and analyzes gas well productivity formula respectively and concurrently taking account of threshold pressure gradient and slippage effect,as well as for gas wells and horizontal gas wells in gas reservoirs with deformed media.


gation of cases of cerebellar disease. In cases of hemiplegia, the rigidity is contemporaneous with the ensuing of Wallerian wasting in the spinal cord. Whether there is a "descending" wasting in cerebellar rigidity I do not know. I would remark that the ngidity in cerebellar disease differs from the rigidity of paralysis agitans ; in the latter, the body is bent forwards; in the former, backwards. (c) Tetanus-like Seizures.-Besides rigidity, we find in some cases of tumour of the middle lobe attacks very like, if not quite like, those of ordinary surgical tetanus. I have only once seen seizures like tetanus in a case of local cerebral disease, and, in that case, they occurred during the last hours of life, during dying. Dr. Gowers discovered no cerebellar lesion; there was large cerebral tumour corresponding to hemiplegia. In the case of extensive rigidity and tetanus-like seizures, the tumour has been of the middle lobe, and has been large. I suppose the cerebellar rigidity to be owing to unantagonised cerebral influx (rigidity in hemiplegia being owing to unantagonised cerebellar influx), and the tetanus-like seizures to be owing to cerebellar discharges analogous to those cerebral discharges which produce unilaterally beginning (epileptiform) convulsions. But there is the obvious objection that the two symptoms with cerebellar disease may be owing to interference with the corpora quadrigemina (electrical excita. tion of which, Ferrier finds, produces tetanus-like states), or to interference with the medulla oblongata. Hitzig and Ferrier have convinced most people that some parts of the cerebral cortex represent movements ; and Charcot, by a very dif. ferent kind of evidence, clinical and pathological, has confirmed their opinions. I have long wished to ascertain if the cerebellum cannot be broken up into regions, each representing especially some movements of the body. In the case of the subject of this paper, there was a very local movement-a local tetanus. That the drawing back of the head in paroxysm, was owing to discharge of some part where the movements for drawing back or supporting the head are esented is a truism. But I do not draw the inference that it was tlmrt in which the tumour lay. For, besides objections already stated, have but one case. If the discharge were of the cerebellum, it may have been of some part of the middle lobe. Of course, the discharge would be of nerve-cells, rendered highly unstable by action of the tumour ; and it does not follow that the neai est cells would soonest become unstable; probably small cells become unstable before large ones. Another important thing is that one would suppose the movements of drawing back or supporting the head to have a wide representation; and we could, I think, only expect to find some part of the cerebellum, on each side doubtless, where movements of the head are chiefly represented. There are clinical difficulties. Drawing back of the head occurs in cases of meningitis. But plainly the best cases for investigation of regional localisation are cases of small tumours producing a *chronic illness. Occasionally we meet with other local tonic spasms, sometimes of the jaws. Of the pathology of these cases I know nothing at all. I would suggest that the cerebellum should be carefully searched, as well as other parts, in all cases of local tonic spasm, including ordinary torticollis. I think there is evidence that, in some parts of the cerebellum, there is an unilateral representation in the order from trunk movements to mnovements of the hands and feet. I have no doubt that BrownSe'quard is right in saying that tumour pressing on the crus cerebelli produces paralysis of the same side; and I believe this is mainly of movements of the trunk and those passing to the upper parts of the limibs. The erratic movements of the arm in some of these cases partly depend, I think, on paresis of muscles attaching the limb to tLe trunk. There are indirect symptoms from tumour of the middle lobe and large tumours under the tentorium. There is vast increase of fluid in the lateral ventricles of the cerebrum in some cases. In children, the head enlarges; there is great hebetude of mind, a slowfailure of mental faculties. This I used to suppose to be caused by pressure on the veins of Galen. Dr. Stephen Mackenzie, in an admirable paper on Cerebellar Disease, recently read before the Hunterian Society, suggests as an additional and more important factor closure of the communication between the ventricles and subarachnoid space.


Quality control of a product must be maintained, so that consumers feel satisfied in using the products produced. One way that can be done by the industrial world is efficiency in product quality classification. A very good classification method compared to conventional methods, is the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The Support Vector Machine method is a supervised learning classification method. The SVM method is an algorithm that works using nonlinear mapping to change the original training data to a higher dimension. The purpose of the research is to obtain a classification model that has high accuracy or small errors in welding quality classification. The target of the researcher is to produce a control device to maintain effective and efficient welding quality. This research is a study that uses actual data, using the second data obtained from March 2018 to May 2018. The results of testing the model using a quadratic function kernel shows the accuracy of 96.2%, and testing using test data shows the results of accuracy 98% using a quadratic function kernel.


We present a numerical study on an enhanced periodic auxetic metamaterial. Rotating squares mechanism allied to precompression induced buckling give these elastic structures exotic properties. The static properties of the reference structure and the enhanced ones are first compared. After numerical analysis to ascertain the differences between several band calculation methods, we demonstrate the effect of precompression issued stress field on the dispersion diagram of the metamaterial. An optimization study is then performed to assess the potential vibration isolation improvement obtained with the new design. As a result, the bandgaps widths and range are found to be greatly increased by the geometric modifications proposed.


Background: LMP7 (beta5i/PSMB8) is a proteolytic subunit of the immunoproteasome that is predominantly expressed in leukocytes and inflamed tissues. The immunoproteasome degrades ubiquitinated proteins for maintenance of cell homeostasis and generation of peptides for MHC class I presentation. LMP7 has been implicated in multiple myeloma, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-related cancers. Here, we evaluated the effect of M3258, an orally bioavailable, highly-selective, and reversible inhibitor of LMP7, on the tumor microenvironment (TME) using in vitro and in vivo models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Methods: The proteolytic activity of M3258 was determined using the fluorogenic LMP7-specific peptidic substrate (Ac-ANW)2R110. Its anti-proliferation activity was determined using the CellTiter-Blue cell viability and sulforhodamine B staining assays. Expression of immunoproteasome subunits under different conditions was examined by Western blotting. All in vitro assessments were done with or without IFNγ, which is known to increase immunoproteasome expression. The in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of M3258 was evaluated using a SUM-149 PT TN-IBC xenograft mouse model implanted in humanized mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used in this same study to examine the impact of M3258 on the TME. Results: M3258 inhibited LMP7 activity (IC50 = 6.5-212.8 nM) and had no effects on LMP7 protein expression in a panel of TNBC cells (DU4475, HCC1187), IBC cells (SUM190, IBC3, KPL4), and TN-IBC cells (SUM-149 PT, BCX-010, FC-IBC02). M3258 inhibited proliferation of TNBC and IBC cell lines in vitro (IC50 = 1-20 µM). In keeping with previous reports, IFNγ treatment strongly induced LMP7 expression and enhanced its proteolytic activity in these cell lines in vitro and increased M3258 sensitivity (2- to 5-fold). In the humanized SUM-149 PT xenograft mouse model, M3258 orally administered at 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth versus vehicle (31.4%, P < 0.01) and was tolerated. ScRNA-seq analysis of the terminal tumor samples from this study revealed that M3258 reduced the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, M1 and M2 macrophages, and dendritic cells. Gene expression profiling indicated a particularly pronounced inhibitory effect of M3258 on M1 and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, M3258 treatment activated CD8+ T cells and suppressed expression of genes involved in inflammatory response, IFNα signaling, IFNγ signaling, and TNFα signaling in immune cells. In light of the scRNA-seq findings, we assessed the impact of M1 and M2 macrophages on the invasiveness of TN-IBC cells in vitro. Co-cultures with M1 or M2 macrophages enhanced invasiveness of SUM-149 PT cells (4.6-fold by M1, P < 0.001; 6.3-fold by M2, P < 0.01) and BCX-010 cells (2.1-fold by M1, P < 0.05; 4.0-fold by M2, P < 0.01). Since M2 macrophages showed a superior effect than M1 macrophages on TN-IBC cell invasiveness, we further assessed M3258's ability to inhibit such activity. M3258 at 500 nM significantly inhibited M2 macrophage-induced invasion of SUM-149 PT cells (29.6%, P < 0.05) and BCX-010 (49.5%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Using the exquisitely selective LMP7 inhibitor M3258, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that LMP7 plays an important role in the inflammatory microenvironment, proliferation and invasiveness of TNBC and IBC cells, in particular by modulating the pathogenic role of M2 macrophages. These data warrant future in vivo studies into the antitumor efficacy of M3258 when used with immunotherapy agents.
 Citation Format: Xuemei Xie, Jangsoon Lee, Ganiraju C Manyam, Troy Pearson, Gina Walter-Bausch, Manja Friese-Hamim, Samantha M Goodstal, Debu Tripathy, Wang Jing, Michael Sanderson, Naoto T Ueno. LMP7-specific inhibitor M3258 modulates the tumor microenvironment of aggressive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-04.


Fate is a dominant power beyond the human beings;we can not see but can feel its mysterious force.From Oedipus's tragic fate,this article analyzed the concept of fate of ancient Greek,and pointed out that Oedipus's tragic fate originated from his ignoration of the limitation of human beings and the infinity of the world.Oedipus trusted and relied on the power of consciousness too much.


Yogyakarta was one of Indonesian tourist destinations that had potentials from its art and cultural interest. This was indeed supported mode development that was also one of art-cultural forms. Along with the era development, it was established a mode appreciation in Yogyakarta namely a boutique. The intense of boutiques in Yogyakarta had become various modes created so that it sometimes made customers had difficulties to determine which boutique to visit. This kind of condition was not effective towards time, cost and employees. Therefore, it needed a technology that was able to help customers in selecting boutiques.
The study was designed and built using the Android mobile operating system is a variant of a mobile operating system developed from the Linux operating system. Android has a location-based service location-based service that is used to display and manipulate maps. Technology location based services using android smartphone media can create applications that are useful in the selection of modes available in every boutique and facilitate the search location by using maps and routes that connect to the google map service.
The results of this study are based apps location-based service boutique android for the selection of boutique and can help facilitate in finding boutique location information.


Jean Genet (b. 19 December 1910–d. 15 April 1986) was a 20th-century French poet, novelist, playwright, film director, essayist, and political activist. His work is renowned for its literary experimentation and poetic intensity and for its unequivocal opposition to the norms of bourgeois culture. Genet's profile was singularly unconventional for a man of letters. His trajectory was far from traditional: abandoned by his mother when seven months old, he was placed in a foster family until his adolescence. He spent much of his teenage years in a reform school, Mettray, before joining the army only to desert soon afterward. Repeatedly convicted over the following decade for petty theft, he began to write in prison at the age of thirty. His use of highly poetic language in conjunction with an extremely explicit, unapologetic treatment of themes such as homosexuality and criminality won him recognition as a major literary figure in a remarkably short space of time. Within ten years, he had published a collection of poems as well as five dense prose texts and two plays, directed a film, and staged a ballet. Moreover, the prestigious publishing house Gallimard had commissioned his "Completed Works" in an unprecedented gesture for a living author, let alone one only forty years old. Genet then published very little over the next five years, before producing three plays in quick succession. Following the suicide of his lover in 1964, Genet claimed that he would write no more and he tore up his manuscripts; although the archives show that he continued to work on a number of projects, he would publish no further major work during his lifetime. He turned to political activism, culminating in 1970 when he accepted an invitation to tour the United States in support of the Black Panthers, and he spent six months with the Palestinian fedayeen in Jordan. By chance, he was one of the first people to enter the camps of Sabra and Shatila after the massacres in 1982; the experience appears to have been decisive in motivating him to return to writing. Although he had been diagnosed with throat cancer in 1979, he spent his final years working on a text about the Palestinian revolution. He died while correcting the proofs of this book, which was published posthumously one month later. He is buried in Larache, Morocco.


Addresses the problem of estimating left ventricle rigid and nonrigid motions from 3D dynamic CT data via a model-based approach. The authors have developed a two-stage scheme to estimate the motion and deformation of the left ventricle. In the first stage, the rigid motion of the left ventricle is computed from the position and orientation change of an object-centered coordinate system. In the second stage, the global deformations of the left ventricle are estimated by fitting the digital surface to superquadric modeling primitives which are used to model the time-varying and deformable left ventricle shape. Deformation operations, such as tapering and bending, are applied to the basic superquadric modeling primitives in order to capture the complex nature of the left ventricle shape and nonrigid motions.<<ETX>>


of the advantages often quoted by those who like working on shift rotas is the greater flexibility which these can permit in a man's daily routine. In short, if one sees absence behaviour as an exercise of choice by the worker between the time he spends at work and the time he spends away from it, then it is reasonable to consider the possibility that, by giving him additional opportunity to manipulate his work and leisure hours, voluntary absence might be reduced.


To achieve a size-dependent detection sensitivity of spherical nanoparticles, we propose a one-dimensional array of double-bent Au strips as a nanoplasmonic sensor and also as a size-filtering device. Electromagnetic simulations and measured absorbance spectra demonstrate that local plasmonic fields developed at the double-bent Au strips differentiate plasmonic responses for 100 nm- and 200 nm-sized spherical particles. Our results highlight the potential of the double-bent Au strip array as a sensing platform providing size-dependent sensitivity for spherical analytes.


Ethanol obtained in the distillation process contains a number of impurities, the concentration of which depends on the distillate quality. Since standards often have different definitions of the presence of impurities, it is difficult to compare them. Taking into account this fact, the comparison of standards in this paper was carried out expressing the composition of the distillate (multicomponent mixture) in the same way.


Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyze illiteracy as a source of women as compensation for settlement tribal clashes in District Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan. The present study was conducted in a rural area of District Khairpur.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The Data were collected through a questionnaire from the victims of Parents, brothers, and blood relatives of women. A sample size of 460 was randomly selected. Using techniques of descriptive statistics, reliability, and regression analysis to find out the relationship between Illiteracy and women as compensation (Sangchatti). All techniques were performed in SPSS 25.0 version for the data analysis.
Findings: Illiteracy is a societal problem, which has unfavorable effects on the overall living conditions of tribal individuals. The high illiteracy ratio is one of the causes of tribal clashes and women as compensation for settlement disputes. Moreover, Illiteracy and women as compensation (Sangchatti) have a significant relationship among them. When they are having their businesses, in such cases as well, when they are literate, they will be able to render a significant contribution to achieving personal and professional goals. There are various causes of illiteracy, which are experienced by tribal individuals.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study indicated that despite the provision of resources for their education, people had strong reservations about educating their females because of the tribal structure, their fear of Wadera, and their acceptance of their involvement in decision-making.


Proof-of-work was originally proposed by Dwork and Naor in 1992 and has proved its powerfulness in Bitcoin as a decentralized mechanism for blockchain construction. Proof-of-work is the basis of most popular cryptocurrencies and smart contract systems, where participating miners are required to solve difficult mathematical problems to validate transactions. One of the major challenges that proof-of-work faces is the 51% attack, i.e., if an adversary controls more than half of the computation power, he/she can control the blockchain construction and determine which blocks will be included. This is not a major concern when the number of miners is large. However, for an early stage blockchain system with a limited number of users, it is relatively easy for an attacker to launch the 51% attack. To mitigate such risk, we propose a new hybrid blockchain construction scheme that uses the combination of proof-of-work and the stake, which is the number of coins produced by a miner, to determine whether this miner is allowed to construct a block. We prove that stakes play an important role in the hybrid scheme at the beginning, so that an attacker is not able to launch the 51% attack even if he/she controls the majority of the computational power. Meanwhile, the hybrid scheme will converge to pure proof-of-work after sufficiently many blocks are generated, and thus captures the desired properties of proof-of-work. Most importantly, such a convergence is "smooth" in the sense that neither changes in the rules nor parameters are introduced, and thus no hard/soft-forks will be triggered. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the new scheme using simulations with different configurations, which can help a designer to select adequate parameters for a specific blockchain application.


The present study was conducted in order to find out whether the presence of the rapport between the examiner and the subject in testing has any influence on the performance. Studies of this kind have recently been reported by Miller, S. M. (9), Gibby, S. G. (5), Cole, D. (3), and Sacks, E. L. (10).In our study three kinds of intelligence tests were used by three examiners on three groups of feeble-minded children whose mean IQ and CA were 50 and 15 respectively. The tests were given according to the experimental design which is shown in Fig. 1 (p. 23). The examiners consisted of a person who has been living with the subjects for more than two years, one who has become friendly recently with the subjects through his visit to the institute, and one who has never met the subjects before the testing.Analysis of variance was used to find the interrelations among three factors of tests, examiners, and subject groups. A significant difference was found between the test scores of the groups of good and poor rapport, and also between those of fairly good and poor, but no so much between those of good and fairly good.This is the preliminary report of the study still going on. In the next step the same experimental study will be made with respect to normal children.


Al-Wahbah Crater is the largest of five basaltic tuff rings and a unique habitat in Saudi Arabia that is considered the largest among its kind in the Middle East. The present study is the pioneer that describes the floristic composition and economic services provided by the recorded plant species in Al-Wahbah Crater northeast Taif Province, Saudi Arabia. The plant species were recorded through different sites along three main habitats (bed, terrace and slope). Thirty-two species (7 annuals and 25 perennials) belonging to 28 genera and 20 families were recorded in the different habitats of Al-Wahbah Crater. Fabaceae and Zygophyllaceae had the highest contribution, followed by Brassicaceae and Areaceae. The highest number of species was recorded on the slope of the crater, while the lowest was in the bed. Hyphaene thebaica was the dominant in the crater terrace, while Tetraena alba var. alba was the dominant in the crater bed, and the slope was dominated with Phoenix dactylifera, Cenchrus ciliaris and Fagonia indica. Chamaephytes were dominated over the other life forms. In addition, bioregional elements were dominated over monoregional and pluriregional taxa with the dominance of Sudano-Zmbezian elements. About 75.0% of the recorded species were medicinal, while 40.6% were either grazing or used as fuel and 18.8% were edible. Owing to the information resulted produced by the present study, which represents the base for further ecological studies, there is an urgent need for monitoring and conserving Al-Wahbah Crater and the corresponding microhabitats in Saudi Arabia.


In the summer of 1953 I collected several parts of a skull of Cynarctoides arcidens (Barbour and Cook) from early Hemingfordian beds (Martin Canyon local fauna, Pawnee Creek formation) in Sec. 22, T 11 N, R. 52 W, Logan County, Colorado. The specimen consisted of part of the left maxillary with P2-M1; fragment of the left lower jaw with M'-M2; fragment of the right lower jaw containing M2-M3; and damaged basicranial region (figure 1). This material has been presented to the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas and given the number 9970.


Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide, with 80% being ischemic. Cells with no blood supply die via necrosis, forming the ischemic core. Adjacent to the ischemic core is an area of reduced blood flow, called the peri-infarct zone, which may have distinct injury/recovery processes. Thus, the study of the peri-infarct zone may improve stroke treatment. Neonatal white matter has a higher susceptibility to injury from ischemia than gray matter in rats. Therefore, white matter may require different treatment than gray matter. The purpose of the study was to discover whether peri-infarct white matter in adult rats is more susceptible than gray matter to ischemic changes. The hypothesis is that adult rat peri-infarct white matter is more susceptible to ischemic changes than gray matter following a stroke. Rose Bengal was injected into 22 Wistar adult rats and exposed to white light, causing blood coagulation. The rat brains were scanned by an MR machine and acquired as T 2 weighted sequence images. Slices were visually assessed to determine anterior/posterior boundaries of peri-infarct zone and had three regions measured on five major slices. The T 2 values were expressed as percentages of their respective controls. Histology slides of the brains were stained with Luxol Fast Blue and H&E. The three previously measured regions were visually assessed on the histology and scored YES or NO for signs of tissue injury/changes in myelination. Two general patterns of T 2 values appeared, separated into two groups: posterior increased (PI) and core centered (CC). When comparing white matter T 2 values between the two groups, posterior peri-infarct slices were significantly greater than anterior peri-infarct slices. There was a significant difference between white matter and upper cortex gray matter in posterior mild lesion slices of the PI group (p value = 0.031). The myelination score was NO for all central slices. 4/5 of the animals of the PI group had obvious signs of tissue injury at the deep cortex central lesion slice. There were no signs of injury in the CC group. There was, however, high correlation between deep cortex T 2 values and H&E tissue injury rankings (p = 2.0 x 10 -7 ). Meanwhile, white matter T 2 values and H&E scores were not significant (p = 0.182). At posterior slices remote from the ischemic core, signs of ischemic T 2 changes of white matter was greater than gray matter in the PI group. These changes were not observed in the CC group. Comparing central slice of PI and CC groups showed greater T 2 responses occurred in the PI group than in the CC group, suggesting a more severe ischemic insult occurred in animals of the PI group. However, posterior peri-infarct white matter did not show greater signs of tissue injury detectable by H&E than gray matter. The enhanced T 2 ischemic changes in posterior peri-infarct white matter appears to be due to reasons other than tissue injury detectable by H&E staining, such as cerebral edema and microscopic axonal injury. In conclusion, the data supports that white matter in adult rats can be more susceptible than gray matter to peri-infarct ischemic changes detected in the form of T 2 changes, specifically posterior to the ischemic lesion. Increased T 2 changes are a reflection of ischemic changes that could benefit from novel treatments targeted at white matter.


The prevention from unauthorized recapturing of screen is an important issue in multimedia security. In this study, we attempt to detect illegally created videos captured from display devices by analyzing unnatural signals contained in the videos. The proposed approach applies a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) for the classification. In order to reduce the computational costs, some frames are sampled from a target video, and are checked whether they are captured. In the training process, each frame sampled from captured/natural videos is partitioned into small patches, and a CNN model is trained by using the patches. The final decision is determined from the classification results at each frame. We conducted experiments to evaluate the classification accuracy and its dependency on camera devices. It is confirmed that we can classify captured and natural videos with high probability under our experimental conditions. When a same camera device is used for recording both original and recaptured videos, the classification accuracy is decreased from the case of different devices.


Objective: To explore the correlation factors of effects of self-control analgesia pump after tnoracotomy. Methods: VAS sale were applied to evaluate 276 patients using self-control analgesia pump after tnoracotomy. Results: 7.24% patients didn't achieve the analgesia effect. 4.71% patients stop to use analgesia pump in advance. Conclusion: Nurses should evaluate the correlation factors of effects of self-control analgesia pump, and take effective measures to improve the effect and help patients to relieve pain.


The work compares the properties of plasma and HVOF thermally sprayed coatings obtained by blending the NiCrBSi and Fe 2 O 3 powders. The deposition was performed by means of the Plancer PN-120 and the Diamond Jet guns for plasma spraying and HVOF spraying respectively. The SEM (EDS) method was employed to study the microstructure of the produced coatings. Although the blended powders differ in particle size, shape, and distribution, it is possible to obtain composite coatings with an NiCrBSi matrix containing iron oxides. Except for a different microstructure, plasma and HVOF coatings have a different phase composition, which was examined using the Bruker D-8 Advance diffractometer. Studies of the coatings wear and scuffing resistance showed that an optimal content of Fe 2 O 3 is about 26 % for plasma sprayed coatings and 22.5 % for HVOF deposited coatings.


this paper provides a novel research on the pricing ability of the hybrid ANNs based upon the Hang Seng Index Options spanning a period of from Nov, 2005 to Oct, 2011, during which time the 2007-20008 financial crisis had developed. We study the performances of two hybrid networks integrated with Black-Scholes model and Corrado and Su model respectively. We find that hybrid neural networks trained by using the financial data retained from a booming period of a market cannot have good predicting performance for options for the period that undergoes a financial crisis (tumbling period in the market), therefore, it should be cautious for researchers/practitioners when carry out the predictions of option prices by using hybrid ANNs. Our findings have likely answered the recent puzzles about NN models regarding to their counterintuitive performance for option pricing during financial crises, and suggest that the incompetence of NN models for option pricing is likely due to the fact NN models may have been trained by using data from improper periods of market cycles (regimes), and is not necessarily due to the learning ability and the flexibility of NN models.


When manufacturing a brake base plate,the reference diameter tolerance clearance might be negatively oversize,while the position of holes is supposed to be positively accurate for better measurement.A method is proposed in the thesis to optimize a receiver gauge for position of holes so that the quality of brake base plates is improved and better profit is achieved.


An excursion to Estonian Saaremaa is briefly reported on, where four botanists from department of systematic botany at university of Lund took part, hosted by professor Hans Trass and three colleagues from department of botany and ecology at Tartu state university. The excursions were mainly emphasized on the alvar localities in western Saaremaa and their lichen vegetation, which will be reported on in more detail in further publications


A semiconductor Laser Diode (LD) temperature control system based on Ziegler-Nichols tuning PID was introduced. According to the requirement of temperature stability in the LD system, the parameter auto-tuning Ziegler-Nichols algorithm and analog circuit was adopted to carry on the control of temperature.