This paper compares and contrasts child death review (CDR) structures and processes in six countries - Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, England and Wales. It presents findings from a comparative study based on analysis of data from 18 case studies. Data were collected through a combination of documentary analysis, interviews and observations. The study found that CDR processes vary according to: where the function is located and whether review is undertaken at state, local or national level; whether review is rooted in legislation; the focus of review; whether dedicated funding is provided; whether families are involved in the process; and whether structures are supported by useful data systems. It was not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of different review systems but the findings suggest that structure makes little difference in terms of determining the extent to which CDR findings inform prevention effort and activity. While factors such as lack of funding, lack of national data, or lack of legislation may hinder the work of CDR teams, CDR findings have informed prevention initiatives despite such barriers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 'It presents findings from a comparative study based on analysis of data from 18 case studies' Key Practitioner Messages * Standardisation and aggregation of data at national or state level are crucial for effective CDR. * A model of individual review, cross-case review and themed review can result in real learning and practice change. * A public health model of CDR offers the most potential in terms of prevention. * Families can contribute key information but participation must be managed sensitively and take account of cultural issues. 'A model of individual review, cross-case review and themed review can result in real learning and practice change.' Language: en


Sometimes the road accident happened is out of control, but most of the time,life of victim in the accident can be saved by sending an immediate alert signal to seek help.Usually,before accident happens, emergency brake is being applied and therefore the heat generated can be recovered and converted into electrical energy by using thermoelectric generator (TEG).However,the challenge of energy conversion using TEG is very low and the output voltage may not sufficient to operate an electronic device for sending the signal. The objective of this project is to provide a solution for this problem. Therefore,the solution which is being proposed in this project is designing a self-powered vehicle braking monitoring system using TEG and power conditioning circuit.The power conditioning circuit used is a DC-DC boost converter.The development of this DC-DC boost converter is using LTC3108 to boost up the voltage generated by TEG from conversion of heat from disc brake. From the experiment result,it shows that the output voltage of TEG which is 5V after DC-DC step up and it is sufficient to power up the RF transmitter without the use of battery.The RF transmitter will send signal to RF receiver to activate an alarm and send an email with GPS location to base station.


Obta in ing com prehensive and accurate inform a tion is very im po rtan t in intellig ent traffic system ( ITS). In ITS, the GPS floa ting car system is an important approach for traffic data acquisition. H ow eve r, in th is sy stem, theGPS b lind areas caused by tall buildings or tunne ls could a ffect the acquisition of traffic inform ation and depress the system perform ance. A im ing a t th is problem, a novel me thod emp loy ing a back propagation ( BP ) neura l network is deve loped to estim ate the tra ffic speed in the GPS blind areas. W hen the speed of one road section is lo st, the speed of its re lated road sections can be used to estim ate its speed. The com plete h isto rical da ta o f these ro ad sections a re used to tra in the neu ra l netwo rk, using Levenbe rg-M arquardt learn ing algorithm. Then, the current speed of the related roads is used by the tra ined neura l ne tw ork to get the speed o f the road sec tion w ithout GPS signa.l W e compare the speed of the road section estim ated by ourm ethod w ith the real speed o f this road section, and the exper im enta l resu lts show that the proposed m ethod of traffic speed estim ation is very effec tive. K ey words: BP neura l netw ork; data fusion; tra ffic speed; inte lligent traffic system


This paper is an attempt to present the theory of subdifferentials of nonsmooth and nonconvex functions on infinite dimensional Banach spaces in a unified and systematic way. The necessity to study such "bad" functions and mappings was mainly determined by the needs of optimization and optimal control theories. The first subdifferentials for such functions were introduced in mid-70s FHC73,FHC75,BM76,JPP74 [10, 11, 43, 50], more appeared shortly afterwards CL83,DMT80,AI81,AK81,KM80 [15, 17, 25, 38, 40] and since then have developed into a powerful instrument with a wide range of applications. The crucial role of smooth variational principles of Borwein-Preiss and Deville-Godefroy-Zizler in these developments should be emphasized. Multiplicity of subdifferentials used now in variational analysis is necessitated by complexity of objects, on the one hand, and differencies in geometries of different classes of Banach spaces, so that certain constructions that work well in some spaces are not very useful in others. The idea to find a common viewpoint for the variety of available and utilizable subdifferentials is by no means new. We can mention e.g. ACL95,ACL,CCT09,AI87,IP96,BM,TZ [2, 4, 14, 30, 33, 46, 55] where one or another generalizing concept was offered, each time, however, to embrace properties relating to some specific topic or group of results. Interconnections between various types of subdifferentials have been thoroughly studied in many publications since the very beginning, but no real attempt has been made to develop a sufficiently comprehesive theory and/or unified techniques that could be equally applied to various subdifferentials. The reader now has to turn to different sources to learn about one or another subdifferential. A sufficiently complete account of the finite dimensional theory is contained in RW [54]. The calculus of Clarke's generalized gradients is presented in FHC83,CLSW [12, 13] For acquaintance with Frechet subdifferential one can go to BZ [9], an exaustive treatment of limiting Frechet subdifferentials can be found in BM [46], information about approximate subdifferentials is scattered in many non-monographic publications. The two main new elements that have made the unification possible are a (rather simple) observation that a more accurate fuzzy calculus of β-subdifferential ( associated with bornologies) is available with the level of fuzziness gradually varying from fuzziness up to a norm neighborhood of zero for the Frechet subdifferential to fuzziness up to a weak∗neighborhood for the subdifferential associated with the simple (Gâteaux) bornology and a new series of subdifferentials, called here "metric modifications" that includes the limiting Frechet subdifferential and the approximate G-subdifferential at its opposite poles. The paper consists of two parts. The first called "General theory" is devoted to general principles and results that are equally applied to all subdifferentials. The second part, "Special theory" deals with a number of specific subdifferential that are studied


This article proposes to define, contextualize and methodologically characterize the use of focal groups as a qualitative investigation technique committed to a comprehensive meta- scientific approach. The factors that affect focal groups discussion will be considered in the present work, as well as the outcomes of this investigation, the greatest methodological challenges of this technique. The present essay is divided into three sections: the first one covers wider methodological aspects and places the focal groups under the idiographic and hermeneutic approaches. The second section focuses on the definition and characterization of focal groups as a qualitative investigation technique, besides taking into account the methodological challenges of this technique and the factors that affect group discussion. To end it up, some considerations as far as the advantages and limitations of using this research technique are pointed out.


The invention relates to the technical field of the terminal LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens and in particular relates to an interference debugging method for a terminal LCD bright screen. The interference debugging method comprises detecting an LCD clock frequency and obtaining a harmonic frequency corresponding to the LCD clock frequency, and if any harmonic frequency falls into a preset receiving frequency band of radio-frequency receiving of a terminal, calculating the optimal LCD clock frequency according to the harmonic theory so that the any harmonic frequency falls beyond the preset receiving frequency band and adjusting the LCD clock frequency to the optimal LCD clock frequency. The debugging method is capable of quickly obtaining the position relationship of the harmonic frequency corresponding to the LCD clock frequency to the radio-frequency receiving frequency band of the terminal, and obtaining the optimal LCD clock frequency enabling the harmonic frequency to fall beyond the preset receiving frequency band by virtue of simple calculation, and therefore, the debugging time of the interference of the terminal LCD bright screen is greatly shortened, an electromagnetic environment is effectively optimized and mutual interference phenomena are reduced.


The recent progresses of perovskite BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were reviewed in this paper,and compared with other lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,enumerated the development of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics recently and hot systems.The new design principle for BNT-based lead free piezoelectric ceramics was also summarized.


From 2010, ERDF (French DSO) started the "Linky" project. The project aims at installing 35 millions smart meters in France. These smart meters will collect individual client's consumption data in real time and transfer these data to the data center automatically in a certain frequency. These detailed consumption information provided by the smart metering system enables the designs of more accurate load models. On this purpose, two distinctive objectives are defined in this dissertation: the forecasting load models for the operation need and the estimation load models for the planning need. For the operation need, two models are developed, respectively relying on the "time series" and the "neural network" principals. They are both for the objective of predicting the loads in "D+1" and "D+2" days based on the historical information till "D" day. The "time series" model divides the load curve into three components: the trend, the cyclic, and the residual. The first two parts are deterministic, from which two models named the trend model and the cyclic model are made. The sum of the prevision of these two models is the final prediction result. For a better precision, numerous statistical tools are also integrated such that the stationary test, the smoothed periodogram, the ANOVA test and the gliding window estimation, etc. The time series model can extract information from the influence factors such as the time, the temperature, the periodicities and the day type, etc. Being the most popular non linear model and the universal approximator, the neural network load forecasting model is also studied in this dissertation. We focus on the strategy of the structure selection. The work is in collaboration with Prof. Dreyfus (SIGMA lab), a well known expert in the machine learning field. Input selection and model selection are performed by the "orthogonal forward regression" and the "virtual-leave-one-out" algorithms. Results show that the proposed procedure is efficient and guarantees the chosen model a good accuracy on the load forecasting. For the planning, a nonparametric model is designed and compared with the actual model "BAGHEERA" of the French electricity company EDF. With the opening of the electricity market, the relationship among the regulators, suppliers and clients is changing. The qualitative information about a particular client such as his subscribed power, his activity code and his electricity tariffs becomes less and less available. The evolution from the BAGHEERA model to a data-driven model is unavoidable, since the BAGHEERA model depends on these information to attribute every client in the French territory into a pre-defined category. The proposed nonparametric model is individualized and can deal with both temperature sensitive (possessing an electrical heater) and temperature insensitive clients. Three nonparametric regressors are proposed: the Nadaraya Watson, the local linear, and the local linear adapted. The validation studies show that the nonparametric model has a better estimation precision than the BAGHEERA model. These novel models are designed and validated by the real measurements collected in the French distribution network.


Objective:To observe the effect of Guizhi Mahuang Geban Tang(GMGT,Integrated Decoction of Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction and Herba Ephedrae Decoction) ,Yinqiao San(YS,Powder of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae) ,and Xinjia Xiangru Yin(XXY,Modified Herba Moslae Powder) on interleukin 2(IL-2) and T lymphocyte subgroups in mice infected with influenza A virus of type 1 or type 3. Method:NIH mice with specific pathogen free were given GMGT,YS and XXY(0. 4mL · d-1,ig) respectively one day before the mice were attacked by intranasal dripping of 0. 05 mL influenza A virus solution. After establishing the model,blood sample was collected on the fourth day,and the amount of IL-2 and CD 3+,CD 4+,CD 8+ in the blood was examined. Result:After infection,the peripheral IL-2 level in infected mice was decreased as compared with the normal group(P 0. 05) . YS had no significant effect on mice infected with type 3 influenza A virus. Both virazole and three exterior-releasing therapies increased the peripheral IL-2 level in mice infected with influenza A virus,and three exterior-releasing therapies increased the peripheral IL-2 level in mice infected with type 1 influenza A virus(P 0. 05,compared with the normal group) . CD 3+ and CD 4+ percentage in the mice infected with type 1 influenza A virus decreased as compared with those in the normal group(P 0. 05) ,and the decrease of CD 4+ percentage in the infected mice was obvious,resulting in the lower CD 4+ /CD 8+(P 0. 05 compared with the normal group) . Three exterior-releasing therapies increased the total amount of CD 3+ and CD 4+(P 0. 05,compared with the model group) ,and increased the CD 8+(P 0. 05,compared with the normal group) and CD 4+ /CD 8+(P 0. 05,compared with the model group) ,being close to the normal level. Conclusion:The anti-virus mechanism of the three exterior-releasing therapies,GMGT,YS and XXY,is probably related with elevation of the cellular immune function.


Hydroxypropyl-I²-Cyclodextrin (HP-I²-CD), prepared via reaction of I²-Cyclodextrin (I²-CD) and propylene oxide (PO), is utilized to research solubilization of HP-I²-CD on cholesterol in aqueous solution. HP-I²-CD is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), and concentrations of cholesterol solution are measured by ultraviolet and visible (UV VIS) spectrophotometer. The research on optimal synthesis conditions of HP-I²-CD indicates that sodium hydroxide amounts have the most effect on yields of product. The maximum solubilization multiples of HP-I²-CD reaches 15, below which molecular rate of HP-I²-CD and cholesterol in inclusion complex is 1:1.


The present invention discloses a partial carbon dioxide enriched combustion capture combined nitrogen-oxygen separation device, the present invention combines the research and related physical properties of the mixture of carbon dioxide, the gas-liquid separation by cryogenic First, partially liquid carbon dioxide, liquid after separation, the remaining gas mixture continues to cool desublimation separation of carbon dioxide, dry ice after desublimation collected condensate pool, which control the pressure above the triple point pressure of carbon dioxide, dry ice directly isolated desublimation melting temperature was raised sublimation is a liquid rather than a gas. Separating the mixed gas of carbon dioxide, and then through the two-stage rectification column separating nitrogen and oxygen, the entire system through the rational design of fully recovering cold nitrogen gas; discharge oxygen directly into the boiler for oxyfuel combustion. This device effectively increases the purity carbon dioxide capture, increasing the capture rate of carbon dioxide, while addressing the shortcomings of the oxyfuel combustion system, part of the preparation of the high energy consumption required for oxygen to improve the recovery of refrigeration systems.


Controlling flexible robots is a challenging issue for a variety of reasons, including: highly nonlinear dynamics, strong coupling, time-varying specifications, vibration and deviation. In addition, the existence of dependent uncertainties on their dynamics and kinematics is inevitable, so that accurate models for controller design are not available in such systems. In this paper, one "$\mathscr{L}_{1}$ adaptive controller $({\mathscr{L}_{1}}\_{\text{AC}})$" using "continuous-time model predictive control (CMPC)" is proposed on position tracking and removing vibration and deviation in "single-link flexible joint manipulator (SLFJM)" with existence of the unknown nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties. Eventually, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, this method is simulated on SLFJM and the results are compared with conventional ${\mathscr{L}_{1}}\_{\text{AC}}$ and "Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC)" methods.


We present a newly developed multiplex sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectrometer that has wavelength tunability of the visible probe. The tunable wavelength range of the visible probe was 470∼800, and 401 nm. The frequency width of the visible probe were 7∼10 cm−1. An SFG spectrum over a 400 cm−1 spectral region was obtainable by a single measurement. We measured SFG spectra of a self-assembled monolayer of octadecanethiol on a gold substrate with the visible probes laser of various wavelengths (401, 477, 535, 633 nm). The observed spectra were drastically changed with the wavelength of the visible probe. We ascribed this spectral change to the change in the phase and magnitude of the contribution from the gold substrate because the interband transition threshold of gold is located in the wavelength range of the visible probe.


The Intelligent Classroom is an automated lecture facility where one of the primary goals is that speakers be able to control it by i n teracting with it as they would with a human AAV technician. In this paper we describe our research i n imbedding Microsoft Powerpoint i n to the Intelligent Classroom. In particular we discuss how w e use two modes of sensing Computer Vision and Speech Recognition to provide hands-free control of slide presentations. We look at utterances and gestures that serve as commands. And, more interestingly, w e discuss some probabilistic techniques that can be used to match slide content to the speaker's words, providing new and useful ways of performing a presentation.


Specific features of HIV epidemic in Tajikistan are reviewed with special attention to population groups at risk. Factors of HIV transmission and spread and conditions that promote them are described. The causes of increasing HIV prevalence in 1991-2013 are determined. Uneven territorial HIV distribution in Tadjikistan is revealed.


Abstract Recent reports indicate that it is possible to transfer genetic material to the genomes of laboratory and domestic animals. This paper describes the progress in the development of a gene transfer methodology in the chicken using the avian retrovirus as a vector. Retroviruses are well suited as vectors for the transfer of exogenous genetic material, as during their life cycle they integrate into the host's genome. We have chosen reticuloendotheliosis virus as a model system to establish the experimental conditions for integration of genetic material into the chicken genome. It was found that replication-competent virus can be transmitted to progeny by the inoculation of developing ovarian follicles in the reproductively active ovary. Further, it was found that a replication-defective vector carrying the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene could be transmitted by a similar route.


Soil acidification was common in Chinese tea plantations, which seriously affected the growth of tea trees, and it was of great significance to explore soil remediation in acidified tea plantations for the sustainable development of tea industry. We sought to determine how different fertilizers improve acidified soil and their nitrogen transformation in tea plantation. Different fertilizers were used to treat acidified soils in tea plantations for 4 consecutive years from 2017 to 2021, and the changes in soil pH, indexes related to soil nitrogen transformation and tea yield were analyzed to construct interaction networks of the above indexes and obtain the indexes with the greatest influence on the fertilization effect. Long-term use of sheep manure fertilizer in tea plantation improved soil acidification, increased the soil pH value, enhanced the number and intensity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifying bacteria, urease, protease, asparaginase and N-acetamide glucose ribosidase activities, nifH gene expression, reduced the number and intensity of soil nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities, and the expressions of amoA-AOA, nirK, nirS, narG and nosZ genes, which in turn increased ammonium nitrogen content of the soil, reduced nitrate nitrogen content, and enhanced tea yield. Topsis index weight analysis showed that ammonium nitrogen content in soil had the greatest impact on the fertilization effect. Long-term use of sheep manure fertilizer was beneficial to restore the balance of micro-ecosystem of acidified soil. This study provided an important practical basis for soil remediation and fertilizer management in acidified tea plantation soils.


At present,the main problems of the Discrete Mathematics curriculum teaching evaluation are mainly influenced by test scores,and the results-oriented evaluation methods are not beneficial to the training of comprehensive quality with professional knowledge and skills for students.In this paper,guided by the theory of effective teaching,every index of curriculum teaching evaluation system is established and enriched.Analytic hierarchy process is adopted to quantify index proportion.This evaluation system contains the evaluation of the initiative and autonomous learning of students.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,is a chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology which may be referred to genetics,immunology and environmental factors. Accumulated evidences suggest that intestinal microecology comprised by gut flora plays an important role in the development of IBD,which increasingly evokes the interests of many researchers. The present article introduced the latest studies of microecology in IBD for further understanding the relationship between IBD and intestinal microecology and to explore the new therapeutic strategy for IBD.


The winter regime of river-ice covers in high northern latitude regions is often a determining factor in the management of water resources, conservation of aquatic ecosystems and preservation of traditional and cultural lifestyles of local peoples. As ground-based monitoring of river-ice regimes in high northern latitudes is expensive and restricted to a few locations due to limited accessibility to most places along rivers from shorelines, remote sensing techniques are a suitable approach for monitoring. This study developed a RADARSAT-2 based method to monitor the spatio-temporal variation of ice covers, as well as ice types during the freeze-up period, along the main channel of the Slave River Delta in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The spatio-temporal variation of ice covers along the river was analyzed using the backscatter-based coefficient of variation (CV) in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winters. As a consequence of weather and flow conditions, the ice cover in the 2013–2014 winter had the higher variation than the 2014–2015 winter, particularly in the potential areas of flooded/cracked ice covers. The river sections near active channels (e.g., Middle Channel and Nagle Channel), Big Eddy, and Great Slave Lake also yielded higher intra-annual variation of ice cover characteristics during the winters. With the inclusion of backscatter and texture analysis from RADARSAT-2 data, four water and ice cover classes consisting of open water, thermal ice, juxtaposed ice, and consolidated ice, were discriminated in the images acquired between November and March in both the studied winters. In addition to river geomorphology and climatic conditions such as river width, sinuosity or air temperature, the fluctuation of water flows during the winter has a significant impact on the variation of ice cover as well as the formation of different ice types in the Slave River. The RADARSAT-2 based monitoring algorithm can also be applied to other river systems in high latitude ecosystems to annually monitor their river-ice variation and formation during the freeze-up and ice cover progression period.


High friction surface treatment (HFST) was applied to two on-ramps in the Seattle urban area to improve friction resistance. The ramps were high accident locations. The system applied was polyester resin binder and calcined bauxite aggregate. Testing of the completed HFST resulted in average friction numbers (FN40R) ranging from 75 to 86 with no individual value below 72. An evaluation period of five years is planned to monitor the performance of the HFST. At the end of the five-year period, a final report will be written which summarizes the friction and performance characteristics of the application, its effectiveness at reducing collisions, its cost effectiveness and recommendations on the future use of the high friction surface treatments.


This article presents a reliability-based evacuation route planning model that seeks to find the relationship between the clearance time, number of evacuation paths, and congestion probability during an evacuation. Most of the existing models for network evacuation assume deterministic capacity estimates for road links without taking into account the uncertainty in capacities induced by myriad external conditions. Only a handful of models exist in the literature that account for capacity uncertainty of road links. A dynamic network–based evacuation model is extended by incorporating probabilistic arc capacity constraints and a minimum-cost network flow problem is formulated that finds a lower bound on the clearance time within the framework of a chance-constrained programming technique. Network breakdown minimization principles for traffic flow in evacuation planning problem are applied and a path-based evacuation routing and scheduling model is formulated. Given the horizon time for evacuation, the model selects the evacuation paths and finds flows on the selected paths that result in the minimum congestion in the network along with the reliability of the evacuation plan. Numerical examples are presented and the effectiveness of the stochastic models in evacuation planning is discussed. It is shown that the reliability-based evacuation plan is conservative compared with plans made using a deterministic model. Stochastic models guarantee that congestion can be avoided with a higher confidence level at the cost of an increased clearance time.


Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring estrogenic compounds found in plants and plant products. These compounds are also known to exert cellular effects independent of their interactions with estrogen receptors. We studied the effects of the phytoestrogens phloretin, phloridzin, genistein, and biochanin A on Ca uptake into the cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Genistein and biochanin A did not affect SR Ca uptake. On the other hand, phloretin and phloridzin, decreased the maximum velocity of SR Ca uptake but did not affect the Hill coefficient or the Ca-sensitivity of uptake. Measurements of the ATPase activity of the cardiac SR Ca pump (SERCA2a) revealed direct inhibitory effects of phloretin and phloridzin on SERCA2a. Neither compound induced a detectable change in the permeability of the SR membrane to Ca. These results indicate that phloretin and phloridzin inhibit cardiac SR Ca uptake by directly inhibiting SERCA2a. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on October 14, 2005 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.092940 at A PE T Jornals on A uust 9, 2017 jpet.asjournals.org D ow nladed from


This paper uses the Rwandan Industrial and Mining Survey (RIMS), a joint exercise between the World Bank, and the institute of statistics, ministry of finance and economic planning of the Government of Rwanda (GoR), to examine the constraints faced by the industrial sector in Rwanda. The RIMS survey was undertaken between January and March 2006, with survey data covering the period 2004. A total of 111 establishments were surveyed, of which about 26 establishments were randomly sampled from the mining sector. Analysis of the data showed that the overall growth potential of the manufacturing sector depends on removing the constraints posed by high electricity, transport and finance costs. Close to 75 percent of respondents reported owning or sharing a generator. For these firms, an average of 45 percent of their power comes from these generators. Due to costs of fuel and upkeep, however, fewer generators are owned by smaller firms, domestically owned firms, and firms that do not participate in international markets (non-exporters). The cost of finance (interest rate, fees, etc.) was identified as a constraint by 54 percent of firms surveyed, and as a major or severe obstacle to doing business by 34 percent of firms. Smaller firms are more credit constrained than larger firms, given the need for collateral to obtain a loan. Therefore, financing is a constraint for micro and small enterprises. Further, larger firms are charged an average of 14 percent for overdraft facilities or lines of credits, while micro and small firms are charged an average of about 17 percent. Aside from the poor state of infrastructure, availability of skilled labor is reported to be a major constraint by 40 percent of firms, and the high returns to education suggests there is a skills deficit in the sector.


The methods of observing and processing infrasonic signals from earthquake sources are discussed in this paper. The categories of earthquake infrasound are firstly discussed. Spectrum analysis as well as travel speed calculation are used to distinguish high frequency local infrasound from the acoustic-gravity wave. Monitoring network has been established to capture the signals from the atmosphere. Basing on a simplified correlation method, a triangle array made of three sensors can decide the direction of the coming signal, and locate the earthquake sources. The calculation error and steps of further improvement are also discussed at the end of the paper.


There are many challenges in the performance evaluation of floating car technologies, especially for cellular probe-based systems. Using floating test vehicles for reference data will show good performance of the detection system under test, even if the detection system completely fails to detect slowdown events, when averaged for a long time. Slowdown detection latency is the most important factor, which should be benchmarked against road sensors only during times of speed fluctuations. This paper summarizes the queries, results and conclusions which were identified and reached by Cellint Traffic Solutions ("Cellint") based on its experience and as validated by independent evaluations by departments of transportation and road operators.


Accession day was an important feast in the emerging political calendar of early modern Britain. Some of the sermons were published and contributed to shaping the royal image. Since a sermon was one of the few traditionally acceptable ways to criticize a monarch and to steer him or her onto the right path, a preacher could stress the ideal traits of the royal image while condemning the negative ones. I analyse this kind of sermon in the period of Charles I's Personal Rule and the Civil Wars. I examine the development of the royal image from the godlike intercessor between God and the people, to the 'toiler' doing his best to achieve peace, and the martyr (even before his captivity and execution), and to the democratized version of the previous 'majestic' image applied to 'the magistrates' in Westminster. This material helps us understand better the theological and political ideal of a ruler, in the years of one of the major crises of the British political system.


Measurements of angular distributions for scattering of low energy (≊20 meV) monoenergetic (Δv/v = 0.8% FWHM) He beams from a LiF (001) crystal along the 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions and from a NaF (001) crystal along the 〈100〉 direction reveal a large number of mostly small maxima and minima between the specular and diffraction peaks. Typical intensities of these features are about 10−3 of the specular peak. Time‐of‐flight spectra of the scattered atoms at the incident angles corresponding to the maxima reveal that the atoms were inelastically scattered by single phonons. From the known bound state energies for both systems He–LiF and He–NaF, we find that most of the maxima can be explained by a two step process in which the atoms are first elastically selectively adsorbed by diffraction into an in‐plane bound state and then are subsequently desorbed as a result of a single phonon inelastic process. From the observed half‐widths the lifetimes of atoms in the trapped states are found to depend on the vibrat...


In accordance with the serious contrast between the rich resource endowments and the low industrial cultural value in Wuling Mountains Minority Ethic Group region,this paper analyzes the necessity and the "bottleneck" to improve the industrial cultural values.It also proposes some basic measures,to integrate the scattering resource "points" into "zones" ;to turn the natural "objects" into unlimited "wealth" ;to upgrade the low-end industries,and improve the general commodities into fine goods by adding the invisible" ideas "(cultural creativity) into the physical objects.


An experimental 640-Gbit/s ATM switching system is described. The switching system is scalable and quasinon-blocking and uses hardware self-rearrangement in a threestage network. Hardware implementation results for the switching system are presented. The switching system is fabricated using advanced 0.25-μm CMOS devices, high-density multi-chipmodule (MCM) technology, and optical wavelength-divisionmultiplexing (WDM) interconnection technology. A scalable 80Gbit/s switching module is fabricated in combination with a developed scalable-distributed-arbitration technique, and a WDM interconnection system that connects multiple 80-Gbit/s switching modules is developed. Using these components, an experimental 640-Gbit/s switching system is partially constructed. The 640-Gbit/s switching system will be applied to future broadband ATM networks. key words: ATM, switch, multi-chip module, WDM, intercon-


HGIS site after installation,use frequency conversion series resonance method for AC withstand voltage test is effective detection means,through the withstand voltage test the installation quality problem can be found.In this paper,the two discharge faults are found through the withstand voltage test,according to the analysis on the cause of discharge,distinguish between the discharge properties,detect the fault position,ensure the installation quality.


Abstract. Expert systems proliferate. They are now a usable and used tool in a variety of organizations. However, little research has been undertaken on the quantification of success or failure of expert system projects. By and large the only test carried out for expert system validation is one of comparison of the conclusions of the system with those of an expert or team of experts. While questioning the validity, this paper accepts that this method is being used and analyses whether or not the results obtained from this type of test should be a surprise. That is, what sort of results should be expected and to what extent do the reported ones live up to these expectations? Earlier research from the field of human information processing casts doubts on the success claims made for current expert systems. The implications of this research are then analysed in order to explore the possible redeeming features of expert systems which are not taken into account in such comparisons. The use of linear models as comparators for expert systems may prove beneficial.


The poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were obtained by solution intercalation of PLLA into the PLA-COOH modified LDHs (P-LDHs) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The P-LDHs were prepared using ion-exchange reaction with various ratio magnesium (Mg)/aluminum (Al) LDHs (MgAl-LDHs). For the PLLA/LDH nanocomposites, the dispersion behaviors and physical properties of nanocomposites are characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both WAXD data and TEM images indicated that P-LDHs were exfoliated in PLLA matrix. The DSC profiles of nanocomposites indicate that exfoliated 3 wt% P-LDHs into PLLA increase the melting temperature by about 3°C. The TGA data give evidence that the thermal stability of exfoliated PLLA/LDH namocomposites were reduced by adding the P-LDHs, which is probably due to the dehydroxylation of the LDH layers and decomposition of intercalated PLA-COOH.


According Marx's historical philosophy theory and real existence, this article uses the viewpoint and way of unified productive force, production relations and historical environment to recognize social development stage, then puts forward different views of academic circles about social development stage of our country in recent years, at last it points out that China is in a primary form of social development stage.


This paper is a thorough survey of intellectual property protecting in the exploiting of the internet information resources research papers published from 2000 to 2004 in China.The analysis is carried out in three aspects:topic,distribution,author distribution,terms of time distribution and space distribution.


Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) of resin coated silica sands is a promising technology for shell-mould casting fabrication. In the scientific literature a deep lack of information is present about this subject. Several aspects have to be studied to correctly analyse this process: the initial sand properties, the contact area among grains, the thermal conductivity dependence on thermal history and the pre-heating effect during hardening. These aspects are discussed by the authors in the current paper and are fundamental for the definition of a new SLS procedure to produce consolidated components directly by a diode laser, without any further oven treatment. Sand hardening depends on several mechanisms: the coating resin flow, its cure and thermal degradation. Best results in terms of mechanical properties of sand components can be obtained if sufficient time is given for resin flow before the cure initiation, without generating the thermal degradation. The pre-heating phase plays a central role for sand agglomeration and has to be correctly taken into account during laser sintering to avoid thermal degradation.


Constitutional delayed puberty (absence of pubertal modifications after 14-15 years of age) due to a transitory deficit of GnRH secretion often poses a difficult problem of differential diagnosis from permanent GnRH deficit, which can be identified only after 18 years of age in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In the case of constitutional delayed puberty, treatment is not indicated for somatic reasons, although severe psychosomatic disturbances may make it necessary in many cases (1). Gonadotropins, GnRH, GRH, GH or sex steroids have been used in the therapy of constitutional delayed puberty (1). These methods aim to increase height velocity and promote sexual maturation. We present here a case of constitutional delayed puberty. He was treated with pulsatile GnRH infusion and testosterone, and the effects on sexual development of both treatments are compared. Case Report


The paper provides an analysis of the technological aspects of the electric transmission system in large and medium sized paper-making projects with the application of ABB ACS600 multipoint transmission system(MultiDrive) in 2200m/min toilet paper machine in Weida Paper Co., Ltd..


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of removing IUD by hysteroscopy and ultrasound in difficult cases.Methods After the failure of routine way,the IUD was identified first through B ultrasound only,then the IUD was identified again by the combination of hysteroscopy and B ultrasound.If the IUD was whole or part in the uterine cavity,the IUD was removed under direct visual of hysteroscopy.Results In the all 34 cases,Ectopia IUDs were found in 24 cases.The results of ultrasonic examination were correct in 26 cases.The IUDs in 34 cases were successfully removed under the guide of hysteroscopy and B ultrasound.Conclusion The main reasons for failure cases were cervical stenosis and ectopia IUD.The combination of hysterocopy and B ultrasound can help us to define the precise location of the IUD and to choose a proper project to remove the IUD.


The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a key pest of coconut. The efficiency of pheromone lures sourced from three countries along with natural (sugarcane) and synthetic (ethyl acetate) co-attractants, was tested in the infested coconut plantation. The results revealed that synergists and co-attractants are essential to sustain trapping efficiency. The best weevil captures were obtained when the pheromone trap had both the natural food bait (sugarcane) and the synthetic co-attractant (ethyl acetate). Pheromone traps with only ethyl acetate as a co-attractant led to lower captures as compared to pheromone traps with only the food bait (sugarcane). In general, the captures were female dominant with an overall male: female ratio of 1:1.35.


An introduction was made on main water systems and equipment,water consumption administration and measuring of Yuchai Machinery Co.,Ltd.Based on analysis of the water balance measuring data,balance results,main water consumption technical and economic indexes of this enterprise,water-saving measures were put forward.


This study, analyzing ratings, audience flow and repeat viewing for news programs before and after a network affiliation change, tests divergent predictions based on network, program and channel loyalty.


Study on the ideas of higher education has been one of the hot spots of our country's studies on higher education theories in recent years.The contents of relevant study are various and complex.The paper concludes that the ideas of higher education can be interpreted by individual or by colony,in a broad sense or in a narrow sense.At the same time,it is a practical cognition,which decides its structure and the method used to evaluate and verify it.All in all,the study field can be divided into two systems in general: the philosophical system and the practical system.Therefore,this can make the content of study more centralized and obvious,the research method more scientific.


This study is about inventing a thermal insulation particle board. Sugarcane bagasse and kenaf fibers were chosen for this project. It is believed that natural fibers have a lot of advantages compared to the non-natural fibers. These materials will be formed into a composite particle board by using polyethylene as the binder. In this study, different composition of these three main materials will be produced. The first composition consists of 100% polyethylene. The second composition is 80% polyethylene, 10% kenaf fiber and 10% sugarcane baggase. The third composition is 60% polyethylene, 10% sugarcane baggase, 30% kenaf fiber while the fourth composition is 60% of polyethylene, 10% kenaf fiber and 30% of sugarcane bagasse. The mechanical properties for every different composition will be measured by using Rockwell for the hardness test. Instron will be used for the tensile and bending test, KD2 Pro to measure the thermal conductivity and pendulum impact test machine to measure the impact. Based on all mechanical tests that had being done, the composition with 60% polyethylene, 30% sugarcane and 10% of kenaf fibers has the best mechanical properties.


In this paper, we consider the output feedback exponential stabilization problem of an ODE-Schroödinger cascade systems with the external disturbance. We propose a new extended state observer (ESO) that estimates both state and disturbance, then design a stabilizing control law by utilizing the backstepping approach. The resulting closed-loop system is shown to be exponentially stable with guaranteeing that all internal systems involved are uniformly bounded.


At present,power supply of Pingxiang,Yichun and Fairy Lake Area is limited by small diameter wire power supply and unstable operation of Fenyi Power Plant.After Pingxiang Power Plant shutdown,problems of power supply are prominent: N-1 in 220 kV Anquan Iline and 220 kV Anpao Iline,trip of 500 kV Luoan double circuit line or trip of 220 kV Luoyu Luoan double circuit line,as well as overload in Daxian,Fenbai and Xinzhu line.In order to solve these problems,the third 500 kV line from Anyuan to main system and 500 kV Xinyu substation are put into construction.Therefore,before the substation establishment,reform and strengthening 220 kV power grid are under taken to make up for power supply shortage.


Cryptococcus gattii R265 is a hypervirulent fungal strain responsible for the recent outbreak of cryptococcosis in Vancouver Island of British Columbia in Canada. It differs significantly from Cryptococcus neoformans in its natural environment, its preferred site in the mammalian host, and its pathogenesis. Our previous studies of C. neoformans have shown that the presence of chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, in the cell wall attenuates inflammatory responses in the host, while its absence induces robust immune responses, which in turn facilitate clearance of the fungus and induces a protective response. The results of the present investiga-tion reveal that the cell wall of C. gattii R265 contains a two- to threefold larger amount of chitosan than that of C. neoformans . The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of chitosan are highly conserved in the R265 genome; the roles of the three chitin deacetylases (CDAs) have, however, been modified. To deduce their roles, single and double CDA deletion strains and a triple CDA deletion strain were constructed in a R265 background and were subjected to mammalian infection studies. Unlike C. neoformans where Cda1 has a discernible role in fungal pathogenesis, in strain R265, Cda3 is critical for virulence. Deletion of either CDA3 alone or in combination with another CDA ( cda1 (cid:2) 3 Δ or cda2 (cid:2) 3 (cid:2) ) or both ( cda1 (cid:2) 2 (cid:2) 3 (cid:2) ) rendered the fungus avirulent and cleared from the infected host. Moreover, the cda1 Δ 2 Δ 3 Δ strain of R265 induced a protective response to a subsequent infection with R265. These studies begin to illuminate the regulation of chitosan biosynthesis of C. gattii and its subsequent effect on fungal virulence. IMPORTANCE The fungal cell wall is an essential organelle whose components provide the first line of defense against host-induced antifungal activity. Chitosan is one of the carbohydrate polymers in the cell wall that significantly affects the outcome of host-pathogen interaction. Chitosan-deficient strains are avirulent, implicating chitosan as a critical virulence factor. C. gattii R265 is an important fungal pathogen of concern due to its ability to cause infections in individuals with no apparent immune dysfunction and an increasing geographical distribution. Characterization of the fungal cell wall and understanding the contribution of individual molecules of the cell wall matrix to fungal pathogenesis offer new therapeutic avenues for inter-vention. In this report, we show that the C. gattii R265 strain has evolved alternate regulation of chitosan biosynthesis under both laboratory growth conditions and during mammalian infection compared to that of C. neoformans . coded by CHS3 and chitin synthase regulator 2 (Csr2) coded by the CSR2 gene are critical for the production of chitosan (27). There are four potential chitin deacetylase ( CDA ) genes in the genome of C. neoformans ; three have been shown to possess chitin deacetylase activity in vegetatively growing cells (28). Chitosan-deficient strains of C. neoformans induce significant host immune responses during mammalian infection and clearance of the fungus (26, 29). These results suggest that the presence of chitosan may influence the cell wall architecture, thereby shielding pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from being recognized by host immune cells. When grown in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) culture medium, all


Simple Summary Honeybees are vital pollinators for the human food chain. Colony depopulation is a serious threat to Apis mellifera populations and unfortunately it is also one of the most elusive and difficult to study. This research deals with the problem at its foundation: population imbalances. The proposed method allows to discriminate, with remarkably good performances, precocious foragers from proper aged ones using SDS-PAGE patterns of haemolymph proteins. Implications and future perspectives are discussed. Abstract Honeybees, as social insects, live in highly organised colonies where tasks reflect the age of individuals. As is widely known, in this context, emergent properties arise from interactions between them. The accelerated maturation of nurses into foragers, stimulated by many negative factors, may disrupt this complex equilibrium. This complexity needs a paradigm shift: from the study of a single stressor to the study of the effects exerted by multiple stressors on colony homeostasis. The aim of this research is, therefore, to study colony population disturbances by discriminating overaged nurses from proper aged nurses and precocious foragers from proper aged foragers using SDS-PAGE patterns of haemolymph proteins and a machine-learning algorithm. The KNN (K Nearest Neighbours) model fitted on the forager dataset showed remarkably good performances (accuracy 0.93, sensitivity 0.88, specificity 1.00) in discriminating precocious foragers from proper aged ones. The main strength of this innovative approach lies in the possibility of it being deployed as a preventive tool. Depopulation is an elusive syndrome in bee pathology and early detection with the method described could shed more light on the phenomenon. In addition, it enables countermeasures to revert this vicious circle.


Partial least squares technique has been in use for identification of the dynamics & control for multivariable distillation process. Discrete input-output time series data ) ( Y X were generated by exciting non-linear process models with pseudo random binary signals. Signal to noise ratio was set to 10 by adding white noise to the data. The ARX models as well FIR models in combination with least squares technique were used to build up dynamic inner relations among the scores of the time series data ) ( Y X , which logically built up the framework for PLS based process controllers. In this work, process dynamics was also identified in latent subspace using neural networks. The inverse dynamics of the latent variable based NN process acted as inverse neural controller (DINN). Distillation process without any decoupler could be controlled by a series of NN-SISO controllers General Terms Process Identification & control, Statistical Process Control


Objective To explore the effects of plasma endothelin 1(ET 1),sera nitric oxide(NO),and ET/NO on hemodynamics and respiratory parameters in patients with acute lung injury Methods Eight patients with acute lung injury(group ALI) and eleven patients without acute lung injury (group nALI) were studied.All patients required tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilaton Cardiac catheterization was performed in all patients to monitor their pulmonary hemodynamic parameters,ie heart rates (RR),mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP),systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP),diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (DPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured by a monitor and the resistance ratio (PVR/SVR) was calculated Cardiac output (CO) was measured by the thermodilution method using a computer Analysis of arterial blood gas was simultaneously determined which blood samples were obtained from the pulmonary artery and the radial artery Blood samples were obtained from the pulmonary artery were stored until analysis Plasma ET 1 levels were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay Serum NO levels were measured by colorimetric analysis Respiratory parameters including respiratory rate (RR),peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),and plateau pressure(Pplat) were monitored by the ventilator during ventilation Airway resistance (Raw) and lung static compliance (Cst) were calculated ResultsAmong the hemodynamic parameters,SPAP,DPAP,MPAP,PVR,and PVR/SVR in patients with ALI were significantly higher than those of patients without ALI( P 0 05,respectively) The respiratory parameters in two groups were distinct as RR,PIP,Pplat,and Cst were significantly higher in Group ALI and lung static compliance was significantly lower ( P 0 05,respectively) Artery oxygen tension(PaO 2 ) of patients with ALI were also significantly lower ( P 0 05) The plasma ET 1 levels in patients with ALI were significantly higher than those of patients without ALI The serum NO levels in patients with ALI were significantly lower The ratio of ET/NO in group ALI was (8 33±3 22),which was significantly higher than that of patients in group nALI(1 74±0 76, P 0 05) In the patients with ALI,plasma ET 1 levels correlated positively with lung injury score ( r = 0 894 3 , P 0 005),SPAP( r = 0 970 1 , P 0 005),MPAP ( r = 0 976 9 , P 0 005),and the resistance ratio (PVR/SVR) ( r = 0 910 2 , P 0 005),as well as airway resistance( r = 0 778 8 , P 0 05) While a significantly positive correlation was revealved between serum NO levels and PaO 2 ( r = 0 966 3 , P 0 001),the ratio of ET/NO was negatively correlated with PaO 2 ( r = -0 843 7 , P 0 01) No correlation was demonstrated for other parameters ConclusionsOur results demonstrate an inverse tendency of ET 1 and NO in the process of lung injury,implying the imbalance of ET and NO may contribute to pulmonary hypertension and increased airway resistance Measuring plasma ET 1 levels of patients with ALI is useful in evaluating the severity of lung impairment To rectify hypoxia and unbalanced ratio of ET/NO may play important role in prevention and treatment of ALI


The sub-prime mortgage crisis induces the current financial crisis,which leads to a worldwide economic decline.The reasons for the visible decrease of China's export trade speed are shrinking foreign demand,the rising export cost of our enterprises caused by rising prices of international raw materials and RMB appreciation,the decline of our domestic enterprises,capital turnover resulted from foreign banks' credit contraction as well as the appearance of trade protectionism policies.The paper concludes that foreign demand shrink is the most important factor,and that China's export trade speed is estimated to decline up to 3.2% in 2009.


Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide, and although its prevalence varies from a country to another, its related morbidity and mortality also varies according to many factors, including environmental and socioeconomic issues (1).


We present a space‐time finite element method capable of dealing with flows in multiple co‐rotating reference frames. Since equal order interpolation is used for all degrees of freedom, Galerkin/least‐squares stabilization is applied. We give a detailed derivation of the equations involved, introduce the variational form, present the stabilization parameters, and also discuss implementation issues. Numerical examples in 2D and 3D show generality and efficiency of the method, if steady‐state behavior of rotating components is sufficient for the CFD analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic model for lexicon-free handwriting recognition. Model inputs are word images encoded as Pyramidal Histogram Of Character (PHOC) vectors. PHOC vectors have been used as efficient attribute-based, multi-resolution representations of either text strings or word image contents. The proposed model formulates PHOC decoding as the problem of finding the most probable sequence of characters corresponding to the given PHOC. We model PHOC layers as Beta-distributed observations, linked to hidden states that correspond to character estimates. Characters are in turn linked to one another along a Markov chain, encoding language model information. The sequence of characters is estimated using the max-sum algorithm in a process that is akin to Viterbi decoding. Numerical experiments on the well-known George Washington database show competitive recognition results.


This work constitutes the first part of Pierre Leroux's biography; unpublished documents have been extensively used to destroy a number of previous legends about him. Whatever he may have said, P. Leroux's family background is not, properly speaking, that of a proletarian. His successful school-record (at the Lepitre boarding-school, at the lycee Charlemagne, at the lycee de Rennes) demonstrates that he is no self-taught man. An apprentice at a famous printer's, the inventor of a new typography, a militant carbonaro, one of the founders of le globe, he finds himself involved owing to the 1830 revolution in day-to-day politics. He is later attracted by a half-hearted variety of republicanism, and eventually turns, a disappointed and disheartened defender of the "republican monarchy" to saint-simonism - which he in time rejects. The part he plays in the romantic battle for liberalism, his ever-deeper practical involvement, help him initiate a thorough inquiry into philosophy, esthetics and politics which is the corner- stone of his later leadership as romantic prophet and socialist thinker.


Isolation of aristolochic acid I and of a small amount of aristolochic acid D, 2 from Aristolochia acuminata Lamarck and from Aristolochia multiflora DUCHARTRE. The cytotoxicity of aristolochic acid on animal tumoral cells is found again in vitro on vegetal cells, the tumoral cells of Crown–gall being the most sensitive to the action of the acid.


The objective of this study is to examine the nonlinear fluid characteristics near and inside a moonpool in various sea conditions. We estimate the...


All-optical wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the key techniques for building dynamic optical networks. In this paper, the cavity enhancing effect of the residual F-P cavity mode on the non-degenerated four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in a distributed-feedback semiconductor laser diode (DFB-LD) have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The conversion efficiency of NDFWM is obtained at small or large frequency detuning range. The results show that the NDFWM can be enhanced obviously when the probe wavelength matches one of the F-P cavity modes, and the high conversion efficiency can be achieved even if the frequency detuning between the injection probe frequency and free-running frequency of the DFB-LD is up to THz.


The use of model-driven approaches for embedded system design has become a common practice. Among these model-driven approaches, only a few of them include the generation of a full-system simulation comprising operating system, code generation for tasks and hardware simulation models. Even less common is the extension to massively parallel, NoC based designs, such as required for high performance streaming applications where dozens of tasks are replicated onto identical general purpose processor cores of a Multi-processor System-on-chip (MP-SoC). We present the extension of a system-level tool to handle clustered Network-on-Chip (NoC) with virtual prototyping platforms. On the one hand, the automatic generation of the virtual prototype becomes more complex as topcell, address mapping and linker script have to be adapted. On the other hand, the exploration of the design space is particularly important for this class of applications, as performance may strongly be impacted by Non Uniform Memory Access (NUMA).


All of us have mannerisms to some extent, Seemingly by compulsion, We habitually do certain peculiar things unconsciously for no apparent reason; we just keep on doing them. Mannerisms are not necessarily unpleasant or annoying to others. They may pass almost unnoticed, or even be subtly attractive as somehow an inseparable part of an individual personality. When they are conspicuous, however, they tend to distract attention, and when frequently repeated they may become insufferable.


The pharmacokinetics of 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied in 7 patients with neoplastic disease who received iv infusion of 5-FU. 5-FU concentrations were measured in serum by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum concentrations of 5 -FU .were fitted a one-compartment open model adequately, The pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be: T1/2, 14.82 min; V, 1.3528 L/kg; Cl, 0.0728 L/min.kg; and AUC, 121.25 mg. min/L. We have attempted to measure mesenteric and systemic drug concentrations in 12 patients following rectal administration of 5-FU, and the results were listed in table 3. Metabolite 5- fluoro - 2' - deoxyuridine (FUdR) was not detected in all 19 patients who received 5-FU.


This paper examined the influence of technological changes on growth of women owned micro and small scale enterprises in rural areas of Kitui County. The study used descriptive survey as the research design involving a target population of 390 women owned MSEs drawn from manufacturing, agriculture, commerce and services sectors in Kitui County. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to form a sample of 194 women entrepreneurs. Simple random sampling was applied on the sample to select the respondents from each sector for the study. The research instruments were pre – tested, questionnaire and observation guide covering all the study parameters. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between technology and growth of women owned enterprises in Kitui County. From the findings it was observed that majority of women entrepreneurs were not using mobile phones to do business and majority of women in rural areas are not computer literate. The study recommended that policy makers to encourage utilization of appropriate technology by MSEs, continuous training and dissemination of information to women entrepreneurs. Development of an online Women's Trade Portal. Building on existing resources, this could be an 'one‐stop‐shop' Internet site to provide practical guidance to women entrepreneurs. Web‐based networks for women locally, nationally and internationally should be established.


Light‐responsive biologically active compounds offer the possibility to study the dynamics of biological processes. Phototriggers and photoswitches have been designed, providing the capability to rapidly cause the initiation of wide range of dynamic biological phenomena. We will discuss, in this article, recent developments in the field of light‐triggered chemical tools, specially how two‐photon excitation, "caged" fluorophores, and the photoregulation of protein activities in combination with time‐resolved x‐ray techniques should break new grounds in the understanding of dynamic biological processes.


The authors tested the hypothesis that in the high-altitude acclimatized fetus, hypercapnia has a significantly less effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygenation than that in normoxic sea level controls. In the high-altitude acclimatized fetus (3801 m; maintained from day 30 of gestation to near term; n = 6), by use of a laser Doppler flowmeter with a fluorescent O 2 probe, the authors measured relative CBF (laser Doppler CBF [LD-CBF]), cortical tissue PO 2 (tPO 2 ), and sagittal sinus oxyhemoglobin saturation (HbO 2 ) in response to 20-minute hypercapnia. They also calculated cerebral O 2 delivery and cerebral fractional O 2 extraction. The authors compared these results to those obtained in near-sea-level control animals (low-altitude group). In response to hypercapnia (arterial PCO 2 = 63± 2 torr vs 42± 1 torr baseline), high-altitude fetuses showed similar increases in LD-CBF, cortical tPO 2 , and sagittal sinus (HbO 2 ) as compared with those responses seen in the fetus at low altitude. Nonetheless, these fetuses showed a significantly smaller decrease in cerebral fractional O 2 extraction compared to low-altitude fetuses. In response to hypercapnia in high-altitude, acclimatized, long-term hypoxic fetal sheep, the response of CBF and cerebral oxygenation did not differ significantly from that of low-altitude controls.


Burning rate is a key factor in modeling fire growth and fire endurance of wood structures. This study investigated the burning rate of selected wood materials as determined by heat release, mass, loss and charring rates. Thick samples of redwood, southern pine, red oak and basswood were tested in a heat release rate calorimeter. Results on ignitability and average heat release, mass loss and charring rates are reported for a heat flux range between 15 and 55 kw m−2. In this range, burning rate increased linearly with heat flux. Burning rate was very species dependent. Heat release rate was related to mass loss by effective heat of combustion, which also increased with heat flux. Charring rate was related to mass loss rate and original wood density. Important char property data such as yield, density and contraction are reported. A simplified calculation method is proposed for calculating mass loss rate and charring rate based on heat release rate.


A central characteristic of Bayesian statistics is the ability to consistently incorporate prior knowledge into various modeling processes. In this paper, we focus on translating domain expert knowledge into corresponding prior distributions over model parameters, a process known as prior elicitation. Expert knowledge can manifest itself in diverse formats, including information about raw data, summary statistics, or model parameters. A major challenge for existing elicitation methods is how to effectively utilize all of these different formats in order to formulate prior distributions that align with the expert's expectations, regardless of the model structure. To address these challenges, we develop a simulation-based elicitation method that can learn the hyperparameters of potentially any parametric prior distribution from a wide spectrum of expert knowledge using stochastic gradient descent. We validate the effectiveness and robustness of our elicitation method in four representative case studies covering linear models, generalized linear models, and hierarchical models. Our results support the claim that our method is largely independent of the underlying model structure and adaptable to various elicitation techniques, including quantile-based, moment-based, and histogram-based methods.


(57) [summary] The present invention relates to its use as a benzoylpyrazole and herbicides of the general formula (I). In the general formula [Formula 1]


AbstractAs yet, there has been little evidence of major testing organizations pursuing research that takes account of the World Englishes research paradigm as propounded by Braj B. Kachru (1985 & ff.). Drawing on the synchronic, etic approach to the study of diverse corpora developed in Hassall (1998) and Hassall and Ganesh (1996, 1999), this paper proposes that a deviance analysis should be undertaken of data from international English language tests. It is proposed that the statistical technique of correspondence analysis (CA) should be applied to the frequency of orthographic forms across discrete groups of individuals from diverse geographical and linguistic regions, whilst undertaking a language task identified as meaningful by the major testing organizations. Once correlated with readily available data regarding the participants' regional background and first language, it is suggested that valuable profiles may be assembled and comparisons be made of the selection of formal features of the candidate...


Unemployment,at present,has been a prominent problem of the economics development and society stability in China.In unemplyment,the most serious and influential problem is structural unemployment. It is of significance to investigate the current structural unemployment,analyze the reasons,and adopt effective strategy to solve the problem.Based on the view of industry chain,this paper analyzes the promotion of modern services industries to employment,proposes the suggestion of expanding employment by prolonging industry chain and enhancing the ability of absorbing labor.


BackgroundHIV-1 strains R5 and X4 can infect CD4 memory T cells in vivo. Anti-CD3/28 stimulation induces β-chemokines and CCR5 down-regulation and renders these cells resistant to R5 HIV-1 infection. Here we describe an additional cellular mechanism that blocks productive R5 HIV-1 infection of CD4 memory T cells. MethodsBlood-derived CD4 memory T cells and CD4 T-cell clones were infected with primary R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains. Virus replication was correlated with CCR5 expression and β-chemokine production. Virus entry and infectivity were measured by PCR for early and late products of HIV reverse transcription respectively. ResultsR5 strains were up to 1000-fold less infectious than X4 viruses for CD4 memory T cells. This resistance was independent of CCR5 levels and of the Δ-32 mutation and the CCR2-V64I/ CCR5-59653T linked mutations. Blocking endogenous β-chemokines relieved minimally this restriction. At the single cell level, CD4 memory cells were either permissive or non-permissive for R5 HIV-1 infection. R5 HIV titre was up to 10-fold lower than X4 virus titre even in a permissive clone. However, R5 viruses replicated as efficiently as X4 viruses in the permissive clone when neutralizing anti-β chemokine antibodies were added. Non-permissive cells blocked a post-entry step of the virus life-cycle and expressed early but not late HIV transcripts. Neutralizing anti-β chemokine antibodies promoted R5 virus replication marginally in the non-permissive clone. ConclusionSome blood memory CD4 T cells retard R5 HIV-1 replication via endogenous β-chemokines whereas others block productive R5 HIV-1 infection by an additional mechanism that interferes with a post-entry step of the virus life cycle. These natural barriers might contribute to lower pathogenicity of R5 HIV-1 strains for CD4 memory T cells than X4 viruses that emerge late in disease.


The development of digital technology currently directs people to transact using mobile payments. An efficient payment process or one of them is known as Mobile Payment has its own market compared to the three other services offered by Fintech. This strongly supports the development of the digital economy in Indonesia. This study tries to formulate a conceptual framework and research model developed with the theory of innovation resistance. Methods and models of conceptual formulation are carried out in several stages; literature study, model adoption, and instrument development. Based on theoretical and empirical studies on Innovation Resistance, this study describes the constructs and propositions used as the basis for building a conceptual model. The results of the instrument development can be used for further research.


Recent efforts to improve quality in software have concentrated on defect detection. This paper presents a programming process methodology for using causal analysis and feedback as a means for achieving quality improvements and ultimately defect prevention. The methodology emphasizes effective utilization of all error data to prevent the recurrence of defects.


So far, in associative memory search problems chaotic neural networks have constant synaptic weights to store patterns. In this paper, we propose a chaotic neural network (CNN) which has function typed synaptic weights to store patterns in order to make a better performance of the retrieval of the stored patterns. In stored patterns retrieval simulation, it is clarified that our proposed method is superior to the conventional CNN, that is, which has constant synaptic weights. We also propose a simple calculation algorithm of amount of mutual information for a chaotic neural network and shows that the edge of chaos on the CNN is much relation to amount of mutual information.


The article offers an analysis on the mechanisms of fear in movies. How does a fictional work manage to inspire emotion? It is our question here. Starting from Walton's theories, we offer to understand the connections that are created between the viewer and the work itself. Moreover, we explore how a movie can be recognized by the viewer through the process of authentification. It is precisely the matter at hand: fear in movies is the result of a connection between the viewer and a fictional universe. Through the examination of the links between those two, we can reveal how fear works in a certain type of narrative.


Topic extraction and relationship identification are attracting increasing interests from the bibliometric community, as well as from relevant fields in biomedicine. Recently many biomedical studies reveal the pairwise associations between various genes and diseases, which lead to the problem of predicting and investigating new emerging pairs. This paper proposes a method to generate disease-gene pair prediction and ranking, based on both semantic similarities between textual contexts and topological similarities between nodes within a disease-gene network. Specifically, genes and diseases are identified via a term clumping process and the association strengths are calculated based on co-occurrence frequency and a pre-trained Word2Vec model. Meanwhile, an integrated disease-gene network is constructed and we capture potential emerging disease-gene pairs through a modified link prediction approach. We applied the proposed method to a dataset with 27,727 scientific articles in the atrial fibrillation area to demonstrate the reliability of the model. The empirical insights derived from the case highlight implicit associations within those highly ranked disease-gene pairs and provide references for stakeholders in cardiovascular areas.


Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform tundra, which are visible in aerial photograph archives. Several prehistoric tundra burns have been found in this way. Detection of tundra fires in this sparsely populated and remote area has been historically inconsistent and opportunistic, relying on reports by aircraft pilots. Fire reports have been logged into an administrative database which, out of necessity, has been used to scientifically evaluate changes in the fire regime. To improve the consistency of the record, we completed a systematic search of Landsat Collection 2 for the Brooks Range Foothills ecoregion over the period 1972–2022. We found 57 unrecorded tundra burns, about 41% of the total, which now numbers 138. Only 15% and 33% of all fires appear in MODIS and VIIRS satellite-borne thermal anomaly products, respectively. The fire frequency in the first 37 years of the record is 0.89 y−1 for natural ignitions that spread ≥10 ha. Frequency in the last 13 years is 2.5 y−1, indicating a nearly three-fold increase in fire frequency.


This paper proposes a compressed sensing (CS) framework for the acquisition and reconstruction of frequency-sparse signals with chaotic dynamical systems. The sparse signal acts as an excitation term of a discrete-time chaotic system and the compressed measurement is obtained by downsampling the system output. The reconstruction is realized through the estimation of the excitation coefficients with the principle of impulsive chaos synchronization. The l1-norm regularized nonlinear least squares is used to find the estimation. The proposed framework is easily implementable and creates secure measurements. The Henon map is used as an example to illustrate the principle and the performance.


In anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea‐pigs, substance P induces a bronchoconstrictor response comprising increases in airway resistance and decreases in dynamic compliance. Eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA, 20 mg kg−1 i.v.) or BW755c (20 mg kg−1 i.v.) potentiated the substance P‐induced bronchoconstriction. Neither indomethacin (1 or Smgkg‐' i.v.) nor aspirin (20 mg kg−1 i.v.) significantly altered the potency of substance P on bronchomotor responses. These observations are consistent with the existence of a bronchodilator lipoxygenase metabolite(s).


Summary. James (1991, Biometrics47, 1519–1530) constructed unbiased estimating functions for estimating the two parameters in the von Bertalanffy growth curve from tag‐recapture data. This paper provides unbiased estimating functions for a class of growth models that incorporate stochastic components and explanatory variables. A simulation study using seasonal growth models indicates that the proposed method works well while the least‐squares methods that are commonly used in the literature may produce substantially biased estimates. The proposed model and method are also applied to real data from tagged rock lobsters to assess the possible seasonal effect on growth.


Abstract We have analysed the spatial coherence of polarized radiation scattered in a random magnetoplasma. The major result is the prediction of a relative enhancement of the linear polarization fraction of received radiation for higher-order spatial harmonics. This is due to the scattering on the magnetic field irregularities in a random magnetoplasma. This effect may be detectable in the case of propagation of linearly polarized radiation through the terrestrial magnetosphere, or Jovian ionosphere, or the solar chromosphere. The relative enhancement in the content of linear polarization is due to a general property, namely chirality of the magnetoplasma, and hence may have general applications to chiral media, specifically as a means of analysing the spatial distribution in material specimens.


ANY ECONOMISTS ARE CONVINCED that the lack of labour-market flexibility is the root cause of poor employment performance in many countries. The idea that any institutional or legal features likely to inhibit adjustment in the labour market (referred to here as "Job-Security Provisions" or JSPs) are undesirable has become part of every economist's Book of Truths. This deeply rooted belief, however, appears to be more an act of faith than an economic fact. Economists' dislike of JSPs is based upon simple theoretical reasoning: JSPs reduce lay-offs during downturns and among shrinking firms, because firms must pay the high penalties associated with JSPs. However, JSPs can also reduce hiring and employment during upswings and among growing firms, because of the uncertainty inevitably associated with business activity and because of firms' fears of a change in luck that accompanies such uncertainty. Firms are reluctant to hire more workers now if they fear that a future downturn will necessitate costly layoffs. Though such economic reasoning is in itself perfectly correct, it has unclear empirical predictions. The question of whether the costs associated with JSPs (reduced hiring during good times) outweigh their benefits (reduced lay-offs during downturns), and the even deeper question of whether reduced lay-offs really are a good thing, are both primarily empirical. Over the last decade, the OECD has been leading a crowd of international organisations in search of convincing empirical evidence against JSPs. But despite their efforts, empirical evidence has so far been inconclusive. If JSPs are to be suspected of being an important obstacle to economic success, the first question to be asked is: are JSPs a decisive factor in a country's labourmarket performance? Can we, beyond a reasonable doubt, establish JSPs as a sure ticket to high unemployment, while increased labour-market flexibility would be the sure path toward full employment? The answer to that question is: definitely not. Geographic and historical evidence points to the contrary. If JSPs hurt countries, the wounds they inflict are hardly lethal. In fact, JSPs do not hurt economies, because they often do not prevent labour markets from adjusting.


Buildings consume more than 40% of the total world energy, exceeding industry and transportation and becoming the largest energy consumer since 2011. In China, buildings are expected to be responsible for more than 35% of the total energy consumption till 2020. Considering the energy crisis and for the sustainable development of human society, more and more attention has been focused on energy-efficient buildings. With the development of distributed renewable energy, micro-grid technology has also been applied to improve the building energy efficiency. With this background, we consider the building energy using and scheduling problem in this paper and the features of our work are as follows. First, we build the electrical energy scheduling problem in a networked building micro-grid as a Markov decision process. Second, considering the non-stationary solar power generation, we use dynamic programming to solve this finite-stage MDP problem. Third, a 3-node building micro-grid based on Tsinghua University is used to test and verify the effectiveness of our proposed model and solving method.


When challenged, do you face your fears or run away from them? Author and pastor Mark Batterson explains the scriptural basis and inspiration for his challenging philosophy on leadership and personal growth, as described in his bestselling book Chase the Lion.


Abstract Heavy-duty, oil-cooled brake discs (MMOTs) are often used in heavy-duty brake systems manufactured by companies such as Caterpilar, Clark, Komatsu and Liebherr. These discs are usually made of special steels, and in most cases, the flatness of the working surfaces should not exceed 0.15–0.30 mm. Although the technological processes of friction disc production include several stages of heat treatment and grinding, the required accuracy is not achieved in some cases. In addition, the remaining residual stresses lead to the deformation of the discs during their lifetime. In production practice, three methods are used to reduce residual stresses: thermo-fixing, dynamic stabilisation and vibratory stabilisation consisting in bringing discs to transverse resonance vibrations and maintaining resonance until significant stress reduction. The article proposes a method of stabilising the discs using the resonance phenomenon at the first few frequencies. In this article, Cauchy's function method and characteristic series method are used to develop solution value problem for clamped circular plates with discrete inclusions as concentrated masses and springs. Calculation methods for quick estimation of the own frequency of discs with additional ring mass enabling the use of low power vibration inductors are presented. The use of a special membrane and a pneumatic cushion in the construction of the stand allows to induce vibrations of higher frequencies.


This paper examines the suitability of DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication Standards) standard for local loop in rural applications. The features and significance of DECT standard and ifs applicability for local loop applications in rural areas have been highlighted. A DECT-WLL reference model by combining DECT technology with D-MARR systems to provide a cost-effective rural radio local loop solution namely Wireless Rural Radio Local Loop (WR/sup 2/L/sup 2/) is reported. The proposed model of the radio link and range estimation are explained.


This article serves as documentary support for the development and contents of the common body of knowledge and skills (COBOKS) for government auditors in South Africa. Government auditors fulfill a specific role, clearly distinguishable from other professional services related to the generic functioning of accounting labour in South Africa. Not only is the government auditor function clearly described and backed by legislation, but the existence of an independent professional institute, the Southern African Institute of Government Auditors, a professional entrance examination and a public record of registered government auditors complement and support the professional status of government auditors. Distinctions between public and private sector auditors in South Africa become apparent through a functional description as well as an analysis of the educational and skills requirements. In this regard the Common Body of Knowledge and Skills for Government Auditors provides the backbone of the profession of government auditors.


This study investigates the "European Marriage Pattern" in the cities of northwestern Europe in the early modern and modern periods. It shows the importance of heterogeneity in ways that the two features of the pattern—high age at marriage and high proportions single—were integrated in different types of urban economic settings and across various social groups. The study argues that while demographic consequences of the "European Marriage Pattern" were of fundamental importance, the endurance of the pattern is also explained by its vitality as part of a widespread system of cultural values.


Politeness principle is essential to the successful interpersonal communication. As English advertisements are a dialogue between the manufacturer and the consumers, the politeness principle is also applicable in the advertisement language selection. However, a survey of a large number of successful English advertisements shows that the language in them is not in complete accordance with the politeness principle. This paper intends to make an analysis of the harmony and conflict between the English advertisement language and the politeness principle and explain the causes of the above-mentioned phenomenon.


In order to shorten the (adhesion time in the gluing process) electromagnetic-wave shielding and light transmitting plate and the display panel manufacturing time, high heat-resistant synthetic resin on the mold 43 and the lower mold between the upper and lower press platen 41 44 and is disposed stack between the mold 43 and 44 are arranged. The laminate, antireflection film 35 with the transparent substrate 32A, bonding the intermediate layer 34A as an adhesive resin, the conductive mesh 33, adhesive intermediate layer 34B, and consists of a black frame paint 36 with the transparent substrate 32B. The air in the molding space between the mold 43 and 44 via the exhaust port 45 as well as evacuated, a high frequency voltage is applied to the press platen 41 from the RF power source 46, and the laminate press platen 41 predetermined time nipping. Thereby, the intermediate layer 34A, 34B is hardened heated by dielectric heating, the laminate is integrated.


A technique is developed for determining the magnetic field of axial-symmetric systems of electrodes in a homogeneous conducting medium from a given distribution of the radial and axial components of the electric field of the spreading currents. It is shown that the calculation of the magnetic field from the radial electric field component enables one to replace the towing of the magnetic probes with an enhanced level of hard-to-suppress intrinsic noise by measurements of the electric field.


Law in the United States may of course be viewed through a number of different perspectives. Over the past several decades, racial minorities have used litigation and legislation to reform institutional policies and practices, and this has given impetus to perspectives of law as a significant tool of constructive social change. While such frameworks have validity, Malik Simba9s paper is a relevant reminder of the ideological and coercive dimensions of law and of its long history as a means of oppressing racial minorities.


Cylindrical gear transmission is one transmission device widely used in mechanical drive.The gear is involute structure,is one difficult for designer to draw in AutoCAD.This article introduce one drawing for involute gear based on Excel,and introduce the tagging of gear,including dimension、allowance、roughness、geometrical tolerance and technical requirements etc.


A semi-empirical method that allows us to predict intensity of generated field emission in superconducting RF cavities is described. Spatial, angular and energy distributions of the generated radiation are calculated with the FISHPACT code. The Monte Carlo code MARS15 is used for modeling the radiation transport in matter. A comparison with dose rate measurements performed in the Fermilab Vertical Test Facility for ILC-type cavities with accelerating gradients up to 35 MV/m is presented as well.


In order to solve the inconsistency of high gain and rapid acquisition in spread spectrum communication, this paper discusses the rapid acquisition and tracking of the PN code in the way of serial acquisition combine parallel acquisition, and the tracking of the carrier wave in high dynamic range in the way FLL combine PLL. Based on these discussion, this paper presents a project of high integration digital spread spectrum receiver.


The main molecular techniques which can be used to generate genetic markers, and the applications of these markers to studies of fish populations are outlined. Published and ongoing studies, in the authors' laboratories, on brown trout and Atlantic salmon are used to compare the resolution and applicability of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA and minisatellite (variable number of tandem repeats) markers for studies on population structuring, genetic variation within populations, and the impact of the accidental and deliberate introduction of non-native salmonids on the genetic make-up of natural populations.


Gutta-percha, the latex of the Palaquium tree, is a natural plastic with good dielectric properties, once used to insulate submarine telegraph cables. The rapid expansion of telegraphy after 1850 led to the almost total destruction of the wild trees by natives of Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo. By the turn of the century, the depletion of this essential but slowly renewable resource caused much concern in European and American business circles. Two sciences were brought to bear on this problem. Botanists first searched for additional wild trees, then opened plantations for future production. Meanwhile, chemists sought to substitute the latex of other trees such as natural rubber and balata. In 1933, Imperial Chemical Industries created the synthetic dielectric polyethylene. The cycle from plunder to botanical then to chemical substitutes is typical of the use of tropical products by the industrialized countries and seldom benefits the populations or the environments of the tropics. Of all the natural substances used by man, gutta-percha is surely among the least well known today, except to three groups of connoisseurs: dentists, who use it to fill cavities; golfers, who hit it with a stick; and historians, to whom it is the stuff with which our ancestors made ashtrays, lamp stands, and submarine cables.* None of them, however, has felt the need to write or give speeches about it in the past 50 years.


Aims: This study aimed to determine the pattern and distribution of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern or syndrome among young adults. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 3 participants had standard 12-lead ECG recorded according to approved protocol. The strips were screened for WPW pattern or syndrome. Results: Nine thousand hundred and twenty six (9826) young adults (48% males, 52% females) within the age range of 15 - 40 years were screened. Eleven (11) cases (7 males and 4 females) of WPW pattern were diagnosed. No case of WPW syndrome was detected. The prevalence of WPW pattern in the study population was 0.11%. Out of the 11 cases, 7 (6 males and 1 female) had stable WPW pattern while 4 (1 male and 3 females) had intermittent WPW pattern. More than half (57.14%) of the cases with stable WPW pattern presented with sinus bradycardia while others present with normal heart rate. Intermittent WPW pattern mimicked premature ventricular ectopic beats. The dominant type of WPW pattern in the study was type B. Conclusion: This study concluded that the prevalence of WPW pattern was 0.11% and that the pre-excited ECG was more frequent in males. The dominant form of WPW pattern is type B which asymptomatically presented with bradyarrhythmia.


This investigation explored the effects of two aspects of personal construct (Kelly, 1955) similarity on interpersonal attraction. Similarity of construct importance and ratings was manipulated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design which included an analysis of sex differences. Forty-one subjects rated their attraction to hypothetical others who either agreed or disagreed in their assessment of construct importance and who evidenced either similar or dissimilar self-ratings on these constructs. Results indicated that rating similarity was more influential as a determinant of interpersonal attraction than was similarity in evaluating construct importance. The interaction of the two variables indicated that construct importance had a positive effect on attraction in the presence of rating similarity but no effect in the presence of rating dissimilarity. A three-way interaction with sex of subject further qualified the influence of rating similarity and construct importance on interpersonal attraction. Results were interpreted in terms of Duck's (1973a, 1977, 1979) 'filtering theory' of relationship development.


THIS paper presents a model describing an analytical framework for conducting research on new tools and programs for economic development assistance. The subject of this paper is part of a larger research effort currently under contract with the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the U. S. Department of Commerce.1 In particular, the study is concerned with the selection and evaluation of particular subsidy programs to determine their relative usefulness in meeting the goals of EDA. The list of subsidy programs being examined includes, but is not limited to, regional development banks, investment tax credits, and wage subsidies. Other candidates are expected to surface during the course of the research effort and may include taxable municipal bonds and a negative value added tax. Rather than addressing these specific subsidy schemes in the initial stages of the analytical portion of the study,2 the model to be specified here provides a basis for identifying the relative advantages of "generic families" of subsidies, specifically, wage, capital, and price subsidies. The model seeks to evaluate each of these in


The invention relates to a sheet (1) ATIERED NO PVC, SHOWING AN OVERLAY (2) OUTER LAYER (4) protection structure and at least one layer (3) disposed therebetween INTERMEDIATE, characterized SO THAT THE LAYER (2) EXTERNAL AND protective layer SHOWN polymers whose softening by the Vicat IS OVER APPROXIMATELY 121 INTERMEDIATE a polymer whose softening point is below about 70 RATIFIED NO PVC ACCORDING TO THE iNVENTION IS APPROPRIATE ESPECIALLY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL BAGS, ESPECIALLY BAGS CAMERAS MULTIPLES, sO THE LAYERS MATERIALS (2-4) INDIVIDUAL are chosen such that the film is transparent and flexible, INCLUDING STERILIZABLE also hot, SELLABLE and able to be melted. It SUPPLEMENTS It is also recyclable.


An in situ strategy to understand the photocatalytic performance of Cu2O–Ag@rGO nanocomposites through interfacial photocatalysis on an optical microfiber has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The photocatalysts were conjugated on the surface of an optical microfiber immersed in an organic solution, forming an interface consisting of photocatalysts and organic molecules between the silica microfiber and the solution, which was within the evanescent field of the optical microfiber. In the photocatalytic process, the decomposition of organics changed the refractive index (RI) of the interface. The interaction between the evanescent wave and the microfiber interface modulated its optical spectrum. Therefore, the optical microfiber monitored the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts in real-time and in situ. The results reveal that the photodegradation efficiency of Cu2O–Ag@rGO was almost twice that of Cu2O, while the degradation rate constant was more than five times larger, because the coupling between the silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enhanced the photocatalytic performance of Cu2O. By taking advantage of its miniature size and mechanical flexibility, the microfiber can directly probe a real matrix to study the local photocatalytic performance. This strategy is suitable for the evaluation of most photocatalysts and might provide a new perspective to assess the photocatalytic performance of the catalysts.