The characterization of protease from Aspergillus oryzae has a significant impact on soy sauce quality.In this study,an Aspergillus oryzae CICIM F0899 capable of producing neutral protease was investigated.Morphology of Aspergillus oryzae F0899 and Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 were imaged by SEM.The conidial head of Aspergillus oryzae F0899 was relatively smaller than that of the strain 3.042.Its conidia were larger than that of the 3.042 strain.In addition,properties of the protease secreted by this strain were tested and compared with profiles of an industrially strain Aspergillus oryzae 3.042.The results showed that the optimum temperature for the extracellular protease from F0899 was 60℃,with the stable temperature range between 20~40℃.The optimal pH was 8.0,with the stable pH range between 6.0~8.0.It could tolerate 18% sodium chloride and still retains 20% activity,which is as high as 2.2 times than that from 3.042 under the same condition.The activity of the enzyme was severely inhibited by Ag+,but affected by Fe3+ only slightly.Therefore,protease from Aspergillus oryzae F0899 can bear higher temperature,lower pH and higher NaCl concentration than that from 3.042.


An increase in serum homocysteine level has been associated with an increased risk of vascular disease; however, the biochemical mechanisms that underlie these effects remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to use high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to demonstrate the effects of serum homocysteine on human blood metabolites. A total of 75 fasting serum samples were investigated in the present study. Using a threshold of 15 µmol/l serum homocysteine level, samples were divided into high- and low-homocysteine groups, and the serum extracts were analyzed with an HPLC-MS-based method. A total of 269 features exhibited significant differences and correlation with serum homocysteine levels in the electrospray ionization-positive [ESI(+)] mode, and 69 features were identified in the ESI(−) mode between the two groups. The principal component analysis plot revealed a separation between the high- and the low-homocysteine groups. Metabolite set enrichment analysis identified arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism as the two pathways with significantly enriched differences. These results revealed that arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism may be associated with serum homocysteine levels and may be involved in homocysteine-induced vascular disease.


In this paper, the harmonic rejection low-pass filter using coupled lines is proposed. The design formula is derived using the equivalent circuit of coupled transmission line. Proposed low-pass filter structure provides compact size, low insertion loss and wide stop band range up to five times of the cutoff frequency. The higher order low-pass filters can be realized by wing the proposed structure as a unit element. Experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical results.


This paper discusses how delegating criminal jurisdiction to the ICC can enhance -- rather than undermine -- state sovereignty. I hereby posit national governments resort to international adjudication when they experience a dramatic gap between de jure and de facto sovereignty -- not unlike an individual who claims property over a good, but does not enjoy possession thereof. Investing the ICC with jurisdiction does not simply reaffirm legal sovereignty, but also undermines externally-sponsored power-sharing agreements which de facto legitimize insurgent grievances. Through within-case analyses of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Cote d'Ivoire situations, this paper adds to the scholarship on the legalization of international politics, showing that the governments of Kinshasa and Abidjan resisted external pressures by strategically employing international legal means. Generally, this paper aims to emphasize state agency in the relationship between African states and the ICC -- an aspect generally neglected in the scholarship on treaty ratification.


The purpose of the article: to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-political life in Ukraine. Research methods: dialectical, analytical, descriptive, system-structural. The documentary basis of the study is a large array of informational and journalistic publications devoted to individual episodes and phenomena of fighting the pandemic and its consequences. In addition to scientific interest, the author of this article was inspired to write personal observations and impressions of the treatment of the disease in one of the hospitals in Dnipro, where he had the opportunity to feel the great danger of a terrible disease and see with his own eyes unsatisfactory material and technical condition of our hospitals. The author notes extraordinary courage of doctors and all medical staff who faithfully performed their duties and fought for life and health of each person. Scientific novelty: for the first time the socio-political development of the country in connection with the pandemic, which revealed many acute problems of Ukrainian society, is comprehensively shown. Main results: incompetence of the state apparatus and unwillingness of the state to give an adequate response to a serious challenge are revealed. Medical facilities, including hospitals, are unable to accept large numbers of patients, to provide them with appropriate treatment due to outdated equipment, lack of qualified staff, low salaries of medical staff, etc. Due to the U. Suprun's reform, who served as the Minister of Health of Ukraine during 2016–2019, the old health care system was destroyed. As for the new system, it is created "in turbo mode" on the principle of "money follows the patient". This system proved to be ineffective in the domestic realities; in fact it is antisocial, as basic medical services are inaccessible to a large number of Ukrainian citizens. On the other hand, the central government often provoked regions and communities into disobedience, creating conflicts, in particular when carrying out ill-conceived quarantine measures and compromising itself with double standards during the quarantine. All this has led to political turbulence in the political life of Ukraine, i. e. to a socio-political phenomenon similar to the movement of the aircraft, which due to oncoming stormy air waves begins to tremble and loses control. Type of article: analytical.


We now know about both the methods based on the idea of Ford and Fulkerson (which gave rise to Edmonds and Karp's algorithm, as well as others) in addition to the PUSH-RELABEL method of Goldberg and Tarjan. However, we see that both of these algorithms have a bottleneck procedure; for Ford and Fulkerson's algorithm, efficiently finding good augmenting paths is a challenge that many have worked on (for a comprehensive list refer to [2]). For push-relabel algorithms, the bottleneck procedure has always been reducing the amount of nonsaturating pushes executed in the main body of the algorithm. The Relablel-to-Front algorithm reduced the number of nonsaturatng pushes to O(n3) through using a FIFO vertex selection rule [2], while Goldberg and Tarjan improved the running time of their original algorithm to O(mn + log(n2/m)) by using Sleator and Tarjan's Dynamic Trees data structure to maintain the dynamic transitive closure of the flow network [1]. In this paper, Ahuja and Orlin further improve the running time of the push-relabel method by employing a scaling technique first developed by Edmonds and Karp [3], which introduced the concept of ∆-scaling phases as a method of considering only a certain subset of arcs and/or vertices in the residual flow network Gf . In this synopsis, we will first examine the generic push-relabel algorithm and take note of certain facts surrounding its time complexity. Then, we will consider the original scaling technique demonstrated by Edmonds and Karp in [3], and show how their notion of ∆-scaling phases allows a significant improvement to be made in finding good augmenting paths. Finally, we show how Ahuja and Orlin modified this scaling technique to create an ingenious vertex selection rule for the push-relabel algorithms in [1].


This paper introduces Matlab-based education reform programs and teaching concept of signal systems and signal processing.In view of the progress of ages,we have adjusted the curriculum system,optimized the teaching structure,updated the main line of teaching,reformed the teaching content and innovated the teaching concept We stress the application of Matlab on the teaching and practice of signal systems and signal processing and have correctly handled the dialectical relationship of the classic and modern,analysis and synthesis,continuous and discrete,software simulation and hardware implementation,analytical methods and numerical methods,etc.


A radio frequency tuner screening cover is arranged on a circuit board and used for screening noise disturbance of a radio frequency tuner. The circuit board comprises a plurality of through holes, a communicating hole unit is respectively arranged between each two through holes. Each communicating hole unit comprises a plurality of communicating holes electrically connected with a grounding layer of the circuit board. A plurality of extending portions are arranged at the bottom of the screening cover, and a concave butting portion is respectively formed between each two extending portions. The extending portions penetrate through the through holes of the circuit board respectively to be fixed with the circuit board, and the butting portions are electrically connected with the communicating hole unit respectively, so that the radio frequency tuner screening cover is electrically connected with the grounding layer of the circuit board to screen the noise disturbance of the radio frequency tuner. The radio frequency tuner screening cover can effectively screen the noise disturbance of the radio frequency tuner in the horizontal direction of the circuit board.


This paper presents a non-elastic matrix model to calculate hydraulic networks, based on a method created by Nahavandi and Catanzaro (Journal of Hydraulics Division, 99(HY1), pp.47-63, 1973). It is a method that calculates the discharges and pressure heads in hydraulic networks for the steady state, for the extended period and for the transient state. This method has advantages concerning the Cross method, because the latter does not allow the calculation of transient situations such as the settings of valves, the starting and stopping of boosters, the branch ruptures, etc. The applicability of the method created by Nahavandi and Catanzaro was enhanced, because the programming and input data to consider the presence of valves, reservoirs or boosters in the hydraulic network were developed. Furthermore, the mathematical formulation and programming to calculate the extended period and transient state were also developed. The matrix method is working well, because the model was applied to calculate some hydraulic networks used as examples and the values calculated by the model are similar to the ones obtained from the technical literature.