Drug development targeting the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging due to poor predictability of drug concentrations in various CNS compartments. We developed a generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for prediction of drug concentrations in physiologically relevant CNS compartments. System‐specific and drug‐specific model parameters were derived from literature and in silico predictions. The model was validated using detailed concentration‐time profiles from 10 drugs in rat plasma, brain extracellular fluid, 2 cerebrospinal fluid sites, and total brain tissue. These drugs, all small molecules, were selected to cover a wide range of physicochemical properties. The concentration‐time profiles for these drugs were adequately predicted across the CNS compartments (symmetric mean absolute percentage error for the model prediction was <91%). In conclusion, the developed PBPK model can be used to predict temporal concentration profiles of drugs in multiple relevant CNS compartments, which we consider valuable information for efficient CNS drug development.


This article (in French) explores the influence of Pre-Raphaelitism on the creative process of Debussy's cantata La damoiselle elue, a setting of The Blessed Damozel by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.


https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.1.0113 Abstract Colorectal surgery is commonly performed for colorectal cancer but morbidity and mortality remain high and vary among surgical centers. Two elderly patients with Colorectal Cancer and a history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease underwent epidural anesthesia plus general anesthesia for colectomy surgery. In addition, Bridium was used as an inhibitor of muscle relaxation to better awaken them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the postoperative outcome of elderly patients with colorectal cancer and session disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, when they undergo anesthesia to perform a major surgery such as colectomy. The combination of epidural and general anesthesia showed encouraging results in the postoperative outcome of these patients and Bridium's effect on winning was


Live Artemi~ fil>• nauplii were contaminated with the pesticides cis-chlordane and dieldrin singly and in combination at two concentrations. The bioconcentration factors were 88.29 ± 13.09 and 128.03 ± 24.78, for cis-chlordane and dieldrin, respectively. Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, post-larvae, fed the contaminated nauplii accumulated the pesticides. The resulting bioaccumulation factors were 0.67 ± 0.33 for cis-chlordane and 0.38 ± 0.16 dieldrin. "etabolism of cis-chlordane by the Artemia §.E. is indicated by the presence of oxychlordane. However, metabolism of dieldrin in the Artemia fil>· is not clearly implied. Cis-chlorda!le was only metabolized in the winter flounder when high levels of dieldrin were present. The rate of dieldrin metabolism in the winter flounder increased with an increase in its body concentrations. Analysis of the lipids and fatty acid methyl ester profiles of the Artemia fil2.• suggest that an increase in lipid metabolism occurs with pesticide contamination. The winter flounder total lipid decreased during the experimental period for all the treatment groups, including the controls, suggesting a condition of inadegua~e food supply. No change in the lipids vas attributed to the pesticides ,. The increase in length of the fish was less in the


The articles contains the results of psycho-diagnostic evaluation of the professionally significant qualities of the middle management in the agencies of internal affairs in the course of their certification by means of expert assessments and psychological tests.


Abstract Frequency response function (FRF) based substructure analysis can predict the response of complex systems using the FRFs of substructures. It combines the FRFs of each substructure derived from finite element analysis or experiments depending on the situation. In general, the substructure with the excitation is separated from the others by rubber bushes to prevent the transmission of vibration from the source to the main structure. In this case, the substructure with the excitation shows rigid body motion up to the mid-frequency region. This paper presents a new FRF-based substructure analysis that uses the FRFs from the rigid body information not from the complex finite element model of the substructure with rigid body motion. The rigid body information including the mass, the moment of inertia and the coordinates of the mass centre comes from the computer-aided design data. Since the mechanism of this technique is very similar to the finite element formation, it can be applied to complex systems with ease. Through a simple example of a ladder structure and a practical example of the interior noise in a car, the accuracy and efficiency of this approach is proven.


VLOS is a project investigating the suitability of a tuple space-based distributed operating system for running computationally intensive distributed applications on clusters of commodity (i.e., Intel™PC based) hardware. Unlike previous efforts, UNIX backwards compatibility is not a goal of VLOS.In order to provide task-level granularity security for tuple spaces, field types and type signatures, a capability-based system has been developed for VLOS. The distributed capability system uses an arbitration scheme in which the nodes in a cluster of commodity workstations elect a single node to manage namespace allocations, to ensure that there are no collisions in the assignment of new tuple object identities.Initial implementations have been developed to run as Linux applications and to execute "stand-alone" with the support of the Flux OSKit. Trials show that the distributed capability security system for VLOS meets our initial design requirements, and is effective in providing (distributed) system-wide protection of tuple spaces, type signatures and field types.


Many rare and common genetic variants, including SNPs and CNVs, are reported to be associated with mental disorders, yet more remain to be discovered. However, despite the large amount of high-throughput genomics data, there is a lack of integrative methods to systematically prioritize variants that confer susceptibility to mental disorders in personal genomes. Here, we developed a computational tool: a deep learning based scoring system (ncDeepBrain) to analyze whole genome/exome sequencing data on personal genomes by integrating contributions from coding, non-coding, structural variants, known brain expression quantitative trait locus (eQTLs), and enhancer/promoter peaks from PsychENCODE. The input is whole-genome variants and the output is prioritized list of variants that may be of relevance to the phenotypes. For population studies, our method can help prioritize novel variants that are associated with disease susceptibility; for individual patients, our method can help identify variants with major effect sizes for mental disorders.


The application of the actuator to the robot that has a peculiar control function and output properties as seen in the living is expected. This paper shows two-joint robot arm system by motor drive with the planetary gear. The distribution at the end of arm is clarified. Moreover, to make better the ability of the actuator, higher force can be put out around the tip with the aid of the function of bi-articular muscle.


On the base of some people's opinion,this paper discusses the function and origin of "er(而)" between the subject and the predict in ancient Chinese.In our opinion,the function of "er(而)" is to emphasize the subject.And "er(而)" did not develop from the pronoun "er(而)".It maybe borrowed from the noun "er(而)".


Prioritizing the arriving orders in order entry stage can lead to more efficiency order acceptance decision and capacity allocation for MTO companies.Entropy-weighting TOPSIS method is used to prioritize arriving orders.Indicators are chosen from the aspects of increasing MTO company's profit and share in the competitive market.The evaluation index is weight determined objectively by entropy-weighting.And then TOPSIS model is used to evaluate the importance of arriving orders.


1211 The Congress will start with the Opening Session on Monday, September 5, 1960. The main part of the Congress will consist of six plenary sessions, ten symposia and a number of simultaneous sessions. Each of the plenary sessions and each of the symposia will begin with an introductory speech on the subject of that session or symposium, and presentation of several invited papers and discussions will follow. Simultaneous sessions will be devoted to presentation of short communications and their discussion. Subjects of the plenary sessions and the symposia are as follows:


It is shown that "at-sea" measurements of the transverse waves generated by a deep-draught ship can be used to determine the course and speed of the ship and its distance from the point of measurement. Three staff gauges in a close proximity are required along with telemetering equipment and a spectral analyzer. By continuously monitoring the wave spectra at three points, the transverse waves in the ship's wake are detected as spikes in each of the spectra. A narrow band about the transverse wave period can then be monitored to obtain the necessary information.


This study investigates the potential of utilizing post-mining areas for sustainable melon (Cucurbitales, Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis) cultivation, focusing on premium melon production by PT. Indominco Mandiri within its Community Development and Empowerment program. A hydroponic system, which involves the cultivation of plants in a soilless medium with a nutrient solution, was employed due to its advantages in improving plant quality and yield. Findings demonstrate that melon thrives in ex-mining conditions, reaching harvesting maturity within 2.5 months, with fruits noted for their sweetness. Additionally, melons were found to be a rich source of vitamins A, K, C, B-6, E, niacin, and essential minerals including calcium, potassium, ferum, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc, with low sodium and no fat content. This research underscores the hydroponic system's potential in reclaiming post-mining lands, enhancing economic viability and fostering community development and empowerment. The implications of these findings extend to environmental rehabilitation and sustainable agriculture practices, offering a feasible and productive use of post-mining land globally.


The Czech Republic, the Eastern European country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Countries that pursued a gradualist approach - Hungary being the main example - have changed their export structure less but have also experienced above-average export growth. What kind of privatization program is best suited to stimulate enterprise restructuring in former centrally planned economies? One view, expressed by most Western business and political leaders, is that privatization is best pursued case by case, with emphasis on sales to new owners, including foreign investors. Another view, espoused by a minority of radical economists and economists-turned-politician, was that restructuring is best pursued through economic incentives, combined with mass privatization of state enterprises so that they become widely held (public) joint stock corporations. The ultimate test, of course, is future productivity growth and rising welfare standards. We cannot yet measure these. The disaggregated data on production and employment by industry required for such a measure either are not available or are unreliable. The only objective measure available - comparable across countries - is export performance. Trade data reveal to what extent firms have been able to reorient themselves to create and exploit competitive advantages. We now have four years of data, enough to get an idea of what is going on, and to compare one Central or Eastern European country's performance against another's. The data suggest that the Czech Republic, the country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Those that pursued a gradualist approach - Hungary being the main example - have changed their export structure less, but export growth has also been above average. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Regions, Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze progress and policy options in transition economies. The authors may be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com.


Currently there are no small sensors that can be incorporated inside soil samples for laboratory testing, to monitor water transport during loading. This is an important limitation to a better understanding of the hydromechanical coupled behaviour of soils. A sol-gel relative humidity sensor (11 mm × 11 mm), microfabricated in a clean room environment, was conceived to be incorporated in soil specimens during standard laboratory tests. The sensor operates based on changes in electrical resistivity detected by a cerium-doped silica–titania film deposited using a sol-gel technique over interdigitated aluminium electrodes spaced at 300 μm. To the best of the authors' knowledge, sol-gel sensors for relative humidity measurement have never been used in soils; therefore, this is a novel application. The water retention curve of compacted kaolin was measured with the sensors and compared with the curve found using water dewpoint potentiometer WP4-C. The sensors were also tested incorporated in an oedometer cell,...


Polyurethane adhesive in food pack contains Toluenediisocyanateed(TDI) which can release to food and be hydrolyzed to cacergenic diaminomethylbezen(TDA).A novel GC-NPD method for determination of 2,4-TDA in compound food pack was developed in this paper.Within the linear range of 0.288μg/L~10 mg/L,the linear equation is Y=2E+06X+4069.4(R = 0.9999).The determination limit,recovery rate and RSD of the method were 0.288μg/L,99.47%,and 1.4%,respectively.This method is more stable,accurate and simple thanGB/T5009.119 GC-ECD.


T he second most frequently and widely performed musculoskeletal extremity MRI examination involves the shoulder. Patients presenting with shoulder pain and dysfunction may have many derangements which can potentially coexist and can frequently overlap in clinical presentation. When physical examination is insufficient for diagnosis, or when additional information defining structural lesions is desired to assist the treating physician in planning medical or operative management, MRI can present a comprehensive examination of osseous and soft tissue structures about the shoulder. The two most frequently suspected sources of shoulder derangement involve rotator cuff disease and instability. The standard shoulder MRI protocol should evaluate both of these possibilities because of the very real possibility and frequency of overlap and coexistence of these problems in any given patient. In UNIT A22.1, the authors present their standard shoulder MRI examination, written to address possible cuff disease; however, this protocol also presents a very comprehensive look at possible instability lesions as well as other sources of shoulder problems.


It is well established that projects play an important part in all engineering sectors and successful projects require effective project management (PM). For professional engineers in Australia, PM forms part of a standard competency specified by Engineers Australia. It has also become a standard component of engineering programs offered at most Australian universities. Nonetheless, there are not enough studies on specific project management skills, which engineering graduates are expected to learn and effectively apply in a project work environment, to help deliver a better targeted and more relevant project management course. The main aim of this research is thus to identify essential PM knowledge areas that engineering graduates require in their early career, with the outcomes expected to provide implications on the design of engineering project management (EPM) courses. The research was achieved through an online survey, which seeks input from industry practitioners and was partly developed using the details of PM knowledge areas provided in the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. The results from the survey of 30 practitioners showed that project scope management, project time management and project cost management were the three most critical areas and perceived as the areas where graduate engineers may require more improvement. The results further highlighted that such PM knowledge areas should require more emphasis within EPM courses taught to undergraduate engineering students.


This paper uses conference call as a disclosure metric to examine whether family firms are more likely to provide additional voluntary disclosure compared with nonfamily firms. Using Taiwan data, we also examine how family firms' disclosure is affected by the conflict between large shareholders and small shareholders. A distinguishing feature of this study is the comprehensive consideration of the impact of family firms' reputation on financial reporting quality. Specifically, we instead of grouping all family into one homogenous group but distinguish family firms according to their reputation of integrity. We find that family firms are more likely to provide conference calls and are willing to disclosure more in comparison with nonfamily firms, suggesting that the benefit to family owners from a reduced cost of capital through providing a conference call outweigh the costs (e.g., proprietary costs). However, family firms of poor reputation or family firms facing agency problems due to the separation of controlling and non-controlling shareholders exhibit a lower likelihood of providing a conference call. These results suggest that the differential degree on the likelihood of providing a conference call of family firms is primarily driven by firms' integrity and the detachment of control rights from cash flow rights induces lower levels of voluntary disclosure.


A system is presented to support the designer in creating custom versions of chairs within a predefined design language using Thonet chairs as a case study. The system consists of parametric models based on shape grammars linked to structural analysis to provide an integrated generative process for mass customization in the furniture industry.


The acquisition and measurement of biological data have dramatically changed in the recent years. In fact, High-Throughtput Sequencing (HTS) technologies are now able to capture almost all the "blueprints" that encode for life within a organism's cell, in a parallel and rapid manner. This newly and cheaper data enabled a whole novel ensemble of approaches to unravel the mechanisms that regulate the processes in living cells. Unfortunately, these different sources of information can easily reach Terabytes of data for one single study. Consequently, in order to integrate and analyze systemically all the different data sources, novel methodologies, algorithms and software are needed to uncover the real benefits of this biological Big Data. Therefore, in my Ph.D studies I investigated those mathematical and Information Theory models that are well suited for the representation of biological phenomena using network concepts applied to large datasets. Moreover, the main idea that has driven my studies has been about making models understandable to elucidate the mechanisms of cell regulation, rather than using the most recent and very powerful deep learning approaches that may solve the problem but give you back a black box hard to dissect - i.e. making better inferences rather than robust predictions. Thus, whenever it was possible I chose simple models over complex ones. Ultimately, new models and software tools have been the results of these studies, and either research advances about new conceptual frameworks or their implementation have been published on several international conferences and journals. A full publication list is in the conclusions.


BACKGROUND Chronic wounds are being treated with bioengineering skin constructs. Yet, there is no standard way of assessing these wounds. We developed a classification system to evaluate wounds after construct application. The classification system evaluates the early clinical effect of bioengineered skin and early construct appearance giving a total score named the skin substitute score. OBJECTIVE Apply classification system to both venous and diabetic foot ulcers and determine whether classification system has validity and predictability for healing. METHODS Evaluated serial photographs in 83 and 78 patients with diabetic foot ulcers and in 84 and 83 patients with venous ulcer on Days 7 and 14, respectively, treated with a bilayered bioengineered skin construct. Applied the classification system and determined the percentages of healed patients. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between better skin substitute score and complete wound closure for both venous ulcers p=0.002 on Day 7 and p=0.01 on Day 14) and diabetic foot ulcers p=0.0005 on Day 7 and p<0.0001 on Day 14). CONCLUSION Optimal clinical effect was associated with complete wound closure. As the clinical effect becomes less than optimal continued clinical persistence of the construct becomes important. This classification system seems to have validity in predicting complete wound closure in wounds treated with a bilayered bioengineered skin construct.


(c) AHE = 6.20 + 0.26 × Age (1.02) (0.03) The t-statistic is 0.26/0.03 = 7.43, which has a p-value of 0.000, so the null hypothesis can be rejected at the 1% level (and thus, also at the 10% and 5% levels). (d) AHE = −0.23 + 0.69 × Age (1.54) (0.05) The t-statistic is 0.69/0.05 = 13.06, which has a p-value of 0.000, so the null hypothesis can be rejected at the 1% level (and thus, also at the 10% and 5% levels). (e) The difference in the estimated β1 coefficients is 1, 1, ˆ ˆ College HighScool β β − = 0.69 − 0.26 = 0.43. The standard error of for the estimated difference is SE 1, 1, ˆ ˆ ( ) College HighScool β β − = (0.03 2 + 0.05) = 0.06, so that a 95% confidence interval for the difference is 0.43 ± 1.96 × 0.06 = 0.32 to 0.54 (dollars per hour).


This paper mainly discussed(1) temporal-spatial pattern of community biomass and carbon storage in different stand structures,(e.g.single tree,the stand,the understory vegetation) and(2) different age group of aspen secondary forest(Populus davidiana),based on investigating the biomass of different age group of aspen secondary forest,including juvenile,half-mature,near-mature,mature and over mature forest stand patterns.The results showed that the forest and all biomasses increase among different age group of Populus secondary forest stands,especially in half-mature forest.The biomass of understory vegetation and litter layer also showed the upper trend with increasing of different age group.The order of total community carbon storage in different plantation layers showed differently: tree canopylitter layerunderstory vegetation.The total carbon storages in juvenile,half-mature,near-mature,mature and over mature forest are 27.146 6,53.545 1,60.889 8,77.915 8,79.135 3 t.hm-2 respectively.The carbon storages in tree layer are 22.206 5,47.215 7,52.056 3,68.445 3,68.773 1 t.hm-2 respectively.The average carbon storages in litter layer and understory vegetation are 5.814 4,and 2.172 7 t.hm-2.The carbon storages in tree layer,litter layer and understory vegetation are 86.05%,10.39%,and 3.57% respectively.The result demonstrated that the carbon storage in aspen secondary forest changed with different age group,and it showed a great potential for carbon sink.The carbon storages in half-mature forest grow rapidly,and last long time.It is a critical stage for forest management and stand dynamics.Natural thinning is useful for trees grow,the carbon storage did not decrease with decreasing stand density due to the natural thinning.


Acknowledgments Introduction: Listening as Spiritual Practice 1. Rapt Attention 2. Aural Collecting 3. Proper Listening 4. Noble and Manly Understanding Envoy: From Gusto to Gout Appendix: Lelio Guidiccioni, "Della Musica": Transcription and Translation Notes Bibliography Index


The US government and human rights groups have expressed deep disappointment after nine Shia medical professionals in Bahrain were sentenced to up to five years in prison on 14 June for crimes against the state during last year's uprising.

The doctors and nurses were among a group of 20 whose cases were reviewed by an appeals court after international outcry over harsher sentences given by a military judge last September.1

Nine others were cleared of charges, and sentences of 15 years were upheld against two doctors who have gone …


The purpose of this study is to research the Korean and Japanese costume systems and to compare both of them on the process of adopting the western-originated costumes. The consequences of this study are as follows. Chosun and Japan started simplifying the traditional clothings, introducing the western clothings and executed the ordinance prohibitory topknots through reforming costume systems since Port Opening Treaties in 19th centry. Japan performed the reformation of costume system effectively through the grand campaign of social reforming enlightment by Meiji Government. Meanwhile in Korea, there were a continual repetition of adoption and rejection in the reformation of costume systems because of strong cultural self-esteem and competition of foreign Empires. However, western-originated cultural perspectives brought the strong self-devaluated view on their own cultures to both countries. And that`s the first cause of substitution of western clothings for ordinary ones in both nations.


The chemical composition of thermal waters has an important role in their use as a shallow geothemal source. One of the chemical components that may have a negative impact is iron. Its presence in the water can lead to both chemical and biocorrosion, as well as filling of the wells and facilities associated with the use of thermal waters. The aim of the study is to characterize the iron content and its present forms in thermal waters in Bulgaria. More than 250 samples of water sources revealing thermal waters are summarized and analyzed. In most cases iron concentrations are between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/l and in only 10% – it is above 0.1 mg/l. The forms of iron found in the water, the mineral phases, which can be formed, as well as their changes that occur with decreasing of temperature and increasing of the oxidation-reduction potential of the waters, are determined. It makes possible to predict the occurrence of undesirable processes (scaling and/or corrosion) for their exploitation after reaching the surface.


Abstract Surface coatings on the fabrics can enhance protective properties of flexible body armors. It is known that the application of coating increases inter yarn friction, however, detailed mechanism of knife-yarn interaction in coated and uncoated fabrics is not fully understood yet. This study investigates in detail the knife-yarn interaction at individual yarn level and role of improved inter yarn friction in enhanced stab resistance of woven aramid fabrics deposited with SiO2 coating. The coated fabric exhibited an increase of 115% in the knife penetration resistance compared with uncoated fabric due to increase in inter yarn friction. The coefficient of friction increased 29% after coating. The video graphicanalysis performed during quasi static stab resistance revealed important insights into the knife to yarn interactions. The filaments within the yarn in the uncoated fabric interact individually with the knife, undergo sequential cutting of filaments and offer less resistance to knife penetration. On the other hand, filaments within the yarn in the coated fabric were found to interact collectively, as cohesive assembly of fibers, undergo simultaneous cutting offering greater resistance to the penetrating knife. The results of yarn pull out, yarn sliding, single yarn cut resistance and single yarn strength tests confirmed that improvement in the stab resistance was attributed mainly to the increased inter yarn friction after coating the fabric while intrinsic properties of the yarn were not altered. The findings of this study will be helpful in the development of protective clothing with improved stab resistance.


The intraventricular conduction defect of left posterior hemiblock is very uncommon. Its occurrence as a transient phenomenon during the course of acute myocardial infarction, as described in this report, is exceptionally rare. The presentation revealed a planar reorientation of QRS forces, and demonstrated the masking effect of left posterior hemiblock on the parameters .of anterolateral myocardial ischaemia. S. Afr. Med. J ., 48, 1237 (1974).


Freezing and melting is a first-order phase transition. It is characterized by latent heat and by the disappearance of the periodic crystal structure during melting. The experimental conditions for the study of the dynamics of the freezing process have to be different from those which have been used with great success in the study of second-order phase transitions because of the following peculiarities of the freezing process: ( I ) A nucleus is necessary for the freezing process. (2) Freezing takes place at the solid-liquid interface, but never throughout the entire bulk a t the same time. (3) Melting and freezing occur under nonequilibrium conditions only, because the latent heat has to be transported. (4) Melting and freezing do not transform into each other by mere time reversal. In the first part of this paper, asymmetries of the freezing transition are summarized. In the second part, the kinetics of freezing are discussed on the basis of a slowing down of the thermal diffusion, which is observed by quasi-elastic light scattering in an interface layer of a growing crystal.


Synthetic Test Circuit (STC) system for thyristor valve of current-type High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) typically consists of a low-voltage high-current and a high-voltage low-current source. In order to provide the isolation between each source, auxiliary valve should be inserted, and its voltage and current ratings are greater or equal to those of the test thyristor valve. To ensure the turnoff of that auxiliary valve additional voltage source is necessary to apply reverse voltage to the auxiliary valve at turn-off instant. This paper describes a new high-current source to minimize turn-off time of the auxiliary valve. The proposed system consists of two chopper, auxiliary valve, auxiliary IGBT, diode, resistor, and capacitor. Computer simulation and experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme.


The purpose of this study is to analyze what is the cause of concern for human life. Understand and understand the meaning of the concerns experienced by believers and how to overcome them. In addition, it can be useful for readers to be more aware of how to manage their worries in life. The research instrument used in this study is Biblical Study Literature, namely seeking support from Bible verses that discuss concerns. Then it is reviewed theologically. The results of this study conclude that Christ commands that believers do not need to worry about their lives, about what  they will eat and drink, and do not need to worry about the future (Matt. 6:25-34). Concern will not solve the problems at hand (Matt. 6:27). In verse 27, the Lord Jesus wants to emphasize that worry is useless. So it can be concluded that the mentality and thoughts of "believers" need to be trained in terms of self-confidence, positive thinking, trying to do whatever they can, self-mastery and not to worry.


Catholic schools have a particular tradition of excellence in the types of sports, arts, and service activities that have a prominent role in contemporary American education and youth culture. This paper considers ways that tradition may constitute a type of Catholic school advantage in two parts. First, the paper offers a brief social history of activities in Catholic education, suggesting that an emphasis on activities arose for reasons of both educational philosophy and practical need. Second, the paper draws on case studies of two Catholic high schools to explore ways that social history associates with contemporary practice, finding high participation rates and generally positive experiences. There are also indications, however, that developmental and educational experiences with activities vary meaningfully by socioeconomic context. Ultimately, the paper argues that the value of activities depends heavily on social context, suggesting that scholars and educators would do well to attend more carefully to the particular role activities play in Catholic schools.


We collect and extend results on the limit of $\sigma^{1-k}(1-\sigma)^k |v|_{l+\sigma,p,\Omega}^p$ as $\sigma$ tends to $0^+$ or $1^-$, where $\Omega$ is $\mathbb{R}^n$ or a smooth bounded domain, $k$ is 0 or 1, $l$ is a nonnegative integer, $p\in[1,\infty)$, and $|.|_{l+\sigma,p,\Omega}$ is the intrinsic semi-norm of order $l+\sigma$ in the Sobolev space $W^{l+\sigma,p}(\Omega)$. In general, the above limit is equal to $c[v]^p$, where $c$ and $[.]$ are, respectively, a constant and a semi-norm that we explicitly provide. The particular case $p=2$ for $\Omega=\mathbb{R}^n$ is also examined and the results are then proved by using the Fourier transform.


— Image deblurring is a challenging task in image processing. It is an ill-posed problem to estimate the unknown blur kernel and recover the original image from a blurred image. There are many methods for blurred natural images; however, few of them are able to perform well on blurred face images. Based on 𝐋 𝟎 norm prior, we propose a two-step method for the images deblurring. The proposed method does not require any facial dataset to initialize the gradient of contours or any complex filtering strategies. In the first step, we combine 𝐋 𝟎 norm prior with our local smooth prior to predict the blur kernel. With simple Gaussian filtering, we could maintain the smooth region in the latent image. In the second step, we refine the previous estimated kernel. In order to discard low intensity pixels that seemed to be noises on the kernel, we impose the sparsity on the kernel. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm performs well on the facial images.


The Cultural Dimension of EcologySnel geldMy Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir (12th Edition_Reprint 2019)Alienation and Integration in Jammu and KashmirDecolonizing the Hindu MindConflict and Displacement in Jammu and KashmirTourism Industry in KashmirIndian Books in PrintMilitary Plight of PakistanMy Frozen Turbulence In KashmirStrategic AnalysisDe geboorte van het klassieke EuropaDefeating Political IslamConstitutional AutonomyJammu and Kashmir at the Political CrossroadsTriumphant March to "param Vaibhav"Onder de olijfboomHindu VishvaIslamic Fundamentalism and IndiaEyewitness KashmirHet ministerie van opperst gelukShalimar de clownThe Effects of Terrorism on Kashmir's AgricultureMy Frozen Turbulence in KashmirThe Kargil WarDimensions of Violence and TerrorismThe Book ReviewShallow Politics of Elections and Autonomy Package in KashmirHuman Rights in KashmirKashmir, the Wounded ValleyConflict in Kashmir and ChechnyaMigration: A European journal of international migration and ethnic relationsKashmiri Language, Linguistics, and CultureSmouldering and Contentious Issues in KashmirCivic AffairsCrimes Affecting State SecurityThe Trauma of KashmirLegal Aspects of the Kashmir ProblemJihad in KashmirMass Resistance in Kashmir, Origins, Evolution, Options


The use of a compound of arylurea of formula I, a salt form of a compound of Formula I, an isolated stereoisomer or mixing a compound of Formula I, an ester of a compound of formula I, a metabolite of a compound of formula I or a pro-drug of a compound of Formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease or condition mediated by PDGFR (receptor platelet-derived growth factor) in mammals, or a mammalian cell thereof where: A is phenyl, optionally substituted 1, 2 or 3 times with R3, where each R3 is independently C1-C5, C1-C5, up to per-haloalkyl, C1-C5 haloalkoxy C1-C5, up to per haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, or nitro; or A is a group of formula: optionally substituted 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times with R4 wherein each R4 is independently C1-C5 alkyl or halogen; B is phenylene, optionally substituted 1, 2 or 3 times with R2, or naphthylene, optionally optionally substituted substituted 1, 2 or 3 times with R2, wherein each R2 is independently C1-C5, C1-C5, up to per-haloalkyl , C1-C5 haloalkoxy C1-C5 haloalkoxy up to per-halogen, cyano or nitro; Q is cyano, -C (O) -Ra, or -C (O) -NRbRc, where each Ra, Rb and Rc is independently H or C1-C5, L is -O- or -S-, m is an integer 0, 1, 2 or 3, and each R1 is independently halogen, C1-C5, C1-C5, up to per-haloalkyl, C1-C5 haloalkoxy C1-C5, up to per-haloalkoxy, N-oxo or N-hydroxy.


We demonstrate an improved YBa2Cu3O7−δ -based microwave kinetic inductance detector with a quality factor Qi∼2.5×104 and noise equivalent power, ∼10−12WHz−1 at 10 K. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the resonance characteristics, show substantially different behavior, indicating that both the screening currents and vortices play a role. The ZFC measurements exhibit a sharp decrease of the resonance frequency, fr , and Qi at low fields, up to the full penetration field, revealing the dominant role of the screening currents. In contrast, the FC measurements exhibit a moderate decrease of fr and Qi with field, revealing the role of vortices and reflecting the field dependence of the penetration depth in a d-wave superconductor.


The Powerful Owl Ninox strenua typically forages for arboreal prey; however, some authors have identified crustaceans in pellet material. This paper reports on an anecdotal observation of a juvenile Owl catching and consuming a fish. The observation was recorded at dusk in the upper reaches of tidal mangroves in one of the bushland remnants in Sydney, New South Wales, along the Georges River. The observation may constitute investigative 'play' behaviour by juvenile Owls.


OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of bundle interventions on reduction of isolation rates of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)from the objects surfaces in the intensive care units(ICUs)so as to seek for an effective and reliable way to improve the cleanliness of the objects surfaces and reduce the risk of multidrug-resistant organisms infections.METHODS A series of bundle interventions were carried out in the ICUs from Jul 2014 to Sep 2014,then 270 specimens were respectively collected from the objects surfaces before and after the intervention,and the isolation rates of MRSA and CRAB from the object surfaces were observed and compared.RESULTS Totally 540 specimens were collected from the surfaces of high-frequency-contact objects;the isolation rates of MRSA and CRAB were decreased in varying degrees in all the ICUs of the investigated departments except for the ICU of respiratory medicine department after the intervention.The bundle interventions could significantly reduce the positive rates of isolation of MRSA and CRAB in the ICUs;the positive rate of isolation of MRSA dropped from 13.70% before the intervention to7.03% after the intervention,and the positive rate of isolation of CRAB decreased from 9.26% to 4.07%,with significant difference.The incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms infections showed a distinct downward trend during the period.CONCLUSION The bundle interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of contamination of object surfaces with MRSA and CRAB in the ICUs and prevent the multidrug-resistant organisms.


It is shown how weighted context-free grammars can be used to recognize languages beyond their weak generative capacity by a one-step constant time extension of standard recognition algorithms.


A child with congenital third nerve palsy using the palsied eye for fixation is presented. Apparently, amblyopia developed in the secondarily deviating eye. This is the first case report of which we are aware with such a disturbance, ie, primary ocular motor palsy in one eye and sensory amblyopia in the other.


Treatment of [(ClAu)3(triphos)] with 3 equiv of the iron anions [Fe2(μ-CO)(CO)6(μ-L)]n- (L = PPh2, HCCHPh, PhCCHPh, CO) gives the compounds [{Fe2(μ-CO)(CO)6(μ-L)Au}3(triphos)] (L = PPh2 (1), HCCPhH (2), PhCCPhH (3)) and [PPh4]3[{Fe2(μ-CO)2(CO)6Au}3(triphos)] (4). The crystal structure of complex 2 reveals three Fe2Au cluster units linked by the three-legged propeller-like structure of the triphos ligand.


The utility model discloses an industrial automatic controller, which comprises a core controller unit, an input and output interface unit, a peripheral unit and a communication interface unit. The peripheral unit is in a modular packaging form and comprises a simulation type peripheral element and a digital type peripheral element, and different peripheral elements can be configured according to different places. The industrial automatic controller has the advantages that the industrial automatic controller is small in volume, and consists of the abundant modularly packaged peripheral elements, the different peripheral elements can be configured according to different places so that complete control, testing and measurement operation can be completed by the controller, dynamic networking can be realized, a hardware system platform of the industrial automatic controller is also universal, and accordingly the industrial automatic controller integrates universality, intelligence, modularization, programmability with humanization.


Ximen Qing in Chin Ping Mei has complex and contradictory psychological characteristics.Defying feudal ethics and rules,he could not get rid of the orthodox ideas completely,which is specifically reflected through his ideas about family,power,religion,sex and money.His family concept is mainly exhibited in his paradoxical psychological state towards his women and his progeny.On power and influence,he possesses both confidence and inferiority.He considers pragmatic concept as the center,but shows more attention to money and personal power.He shows abnormal psyche and anxiety as well as fragile psyche on the concept of sex.He is greedy but not miserly,having new opinions that do not accord with tradition.


ABSTRACT The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is a widespread, uncommon migrant that has experienced heavy population declines over the last century. This species can spend over a quarter of their annual cycle on migration, so it is important to determine their habitat requirements during stopover events to inform effective conservation planning. We assessed their habitat selection at an important stopover site in northern Ohio during both fall and spring migration. Since stopover habitat selection is scale-dependent, we investigated both patch-scale (between patches) and fine-scale (within a patch) selection using radio telemetry to locate foraging and roosting flocks, and compared habitat variables between used and available points across the study site. At the patch scale, we found that birds preferred dogwood–willow swamp, low-lying forest patches, and areas of greater habitat complexity for foraging in both seasons. At the fine scale, spring migrants foraged closer to habitat edges than random, and preferred areas with more wet leaf litter and shallow water, and less grass cover. Fall migrants also preferred shallow water and leaf litter cover, and avoided areas with dense grass, forbs, and herbaceous shrub cover. By contrast, birds consistently roosted in dense stands of emergent Phragmites or Typha marsh, suggesting that the best stopover or staging sites are those with a matrix of different wetland habitats. Although the migratory range of Rusty Blackbirds is currently dominated by agricultural development, our results suggest that fragmented landscapes can still provide adequate habitat for migrants if the available land is managed for a variety of wet habitat types. LAY SUMMARY The Rusty Blackbird is a widespread, uncommon migrant that has experienced heavy population declines over the last century. Rusty Blackbirds can spend over a quarter of the year on migration, so it is important to determine their habitat requirements during stopover events to inform conservation planning. We assessed their habitat selection at 2 spatial scales at an important stopover site in Ohio during fall and spring migration, using radio telemetry to locate foraging and roosting flocks. At the patch scale, we found that Rusty Blackbirds preferred dogwood–willow swamp, flooded forest patches, and areas of habitat complexity for foraging. At the fine scale, birds foraged close to habitat edges, and preferred areas with more wet leaf litter and shallow water, while avoiding dense grass, forbs, and herbaceous shrub cover. By contrast, Rusty Blackbirds consistently roosted in dense stands of emergent marsh, suggesting that the best stopover sites are those with several different wetland habitats.


e13559 Background: The popular beverage tea, brewed from infused leaves of camellia sinesis, contains non-phytoestrogenic polyphenols such as flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanols (epigallocatechin gallate); phenolic acids (ellagic acid) and stimulants (caffeine, theophylline). Laboratory studies report tea promotes antioxidant enzyme formation, slows cancer cell proliferation and unblocks apoptosis. Clinically, the Pomi-T randomised study reported tea extract (along with three other foods) reduced PSA progression in men with prostate cancer1. Evidence of prostate cancer prevention, however, from prospective cohort data is conflicting with one recent study even implying an increased risk2. Methods: We analysed 25,097 men within the intervention arm of the 155,000 participant PLCO screening trial. Histological confirmed cases of prostate cancer were reported in 3,088 men (12.3%) during the 11.5 year follow up. Tea consumption was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between tea intake and prostate cancer incidence. Results: Overall tea consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of prostate cancer (p = 0.009). More precisely, the participants in the highest third of consumption group had a significantly lower risk compared to those in the lowest third (HR 1.16 (CI 1.05-1.29, p = 0.004). This pattern persisted with adjustments for age, sex, race and education level (p = 0.034), family history of cancer (p = 0.037). Those who never drank tea, however, had no statistical lower risk of prostate cancer compared to other groups (p = 0.501). Conclusions: Among tea drinkers, this data revealed a positive association between drinking tea and a reduced risk of prostate cancer. This data supports the consideration of future prospective intervention studies investigating the role of tea as part of a prostate cancer prevention programme. 1. Thomas et al. The NCRN Pomi-T RCT. Prostate cancer & prostatic diseases (2014), 2,180. 2. Reger et al. Dietary isoflavones and prostate cancer risk. Int J. Cancer (2017), 142; 4, 719.


I n this paper both transforms namely Laplace and Sumudu were applied to solve second order differential equations and tried to show contribution of Laplace transform and Sumudu transform to solve ordinary linear differential equations of second order with constant coefficients.


A commuter living outside a circular city arrives at a point on the circumference and is equally likely to wish to travel to every point of the interior. In the present paper we give the probability distribution for trip length, and the probability distribution for traffic weight at each point, under the assumption of six different routing systems.


The pure rotational spectrum of the CaCCH radical (X(sup 2) Sigma(+)) has been measured in the laboratory using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption spectroscopy. The species was created in a d.c. discharge by the reaction of calcium vapor and acetylene. Twenty-two rotational transitions of this molecule were recorded in the frequency range 230-380 GHz to an accuracy of +/- 150 kHz. Spin-rotation splittings, but no proton hyperfine structure, were observed for CaCCH. The data were analyzed using a (sup 2) Sigma Hamiltonian, and rotational and fine structure constants were determined. These measurements have resulted in accurate rest frequencies for CaCCH to be used for astronomical searches. A calcium-bearing molecule has yet to be observed in interstellar or circumstellar gas.


The transition of a solvated flexible macromolecular chain from random coil behavior in the θ-state to a globular compact form in the collapsed state has been the subject of extensive theoretical and expert menial studies. Most of the coil-globule transition studies of macromolecules have concentrated on the prototypical polystyrene-cyclohexane system. However, chain contractions reported in this system have been around 75% of those in the unperturbed θ-state. This relatively small decrease in size does not satisfy the criterion for a densely packed, collapsed globule. Experimentally, the collapse from a coil to a true compact globular state has now been established for two flexible macromolecules: poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water and polymethyl methacrylate) in various solvents. In this contribution. we review recent theoretical studies covering phenomenological and Langevin models as well as computer simulations. In addition. we outline recent experimental studies of the coil-globule transition of various flexible polymers, copolymers, and polyelectrolytes.


Ecosystems, platforms and app stores have become a de factomodel for the modern software business. In the curated marketplaces of software ecosystems, independent software vendors are able to distribute their products and services to the customers. As the software industry has a tendency towards the winner-takes-all phenomenon, often only few of the competing ecosystems survive and share the market. As the software vendors are depending on the ecosystems to be able to publish their offerings, the orchestrators have achieved ultimate power to decide who are eligible to work and who are not. This study presents an ethical discussion on the ecosystem ruling dilemma: ecosystem focal company's right to orchestrate what they offer against restricting liberty of independent software vendors. In the analysis, John Rawls' theory of justice is used as a framing philosophical concept.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(LIDH) by intradiscal injection of O3 combined with 10% hypertonic saline.Methods Totally 356 patients with LIDH were selected,and 1.5—2.5 ml 10% hypertonic saline was injected into the lumbar intervertebral disc in addition with 8—20 ml 60 μg/ml O3(group A).Group B included 279 patients with LIDH who received single intradiscal injection of O3.The therapeutic effect was assessed according to the reformative MacNab criteria and compared between the two groups.Results In group A,obvious effectiveness was obtained in 213 patients(213/356,59.83%),effectiveness was observed in 126 patients(126/356,35.39%),while ineffectiveness was found in 17 patients(17/356,4.78%).The total effective rate of group A was 95.22%(339/356),higher than that of group B(253/279,90.68%,P=0.024).No complication occurred after the operation.Conclusion Intradiscal injection of O3 combined with hypertonic saline is an effective,minimally invasive and safe method for the treatment of LIDH.


The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) completed its withdrawal on 30 June 2017. Initially deployed in response to the Tensions (1998–2003), the 14-year-long mission (2003–17) went through various iterations, extending its early focus on restoring security to the longer term tasks of institutional capacity-building, economic development and peacebuilding. While considerable progress was made across various peacebuilding and development measures, scepticism remained about whether these gains would be sustained post-RAMSI. This In Brief is based on the National Perceptions Survey on Peacebuilding for Solomon Islands commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme under a United Nations Peacebuilding Fund project implemented by UNDP and UN Women (UNDP 2018). The purpose of the study was to provide fresh insight into Solomon Islanders' perceptions of peacebuilding immediately after RAMSI's withdrawal. In July and August 2017, 2503 people were surveyed in 24 enumeration areas, which were mainly in and around centres across seven provinces, and included the national capital, Honiara. Limitations to the methodology used included the concentration of target samples in peri-urban and urban areas. While we attempted to mitigate clustering issues around the survey sites, the reported findings should be interpreted in this light. This In Brief summarises some of the survey's key findings. In particular we highlight the perceived dissipation (but not disappearance) of inter-ethnic tensions and the renewed focus on core development issues among Solomon Islanders. Interested readers should consult the full report.


In this paper we propose the estimation of the characteristic impedance and the effective dielectric constant of microstrip line using quasi static analysis and performances are predicted using theoretical analysis. Numerically efficient and accurate formulae based on the quasi static method for the analysis of microstrip line structures are presented. The analysis formulas for microstrip line are derived and verified with Matlab. Characteristic Impedance of microstrip line for different normalized strip width as well as for different effective permittivity is under consideration in this work.


Observations of velocity distribution functions from the Advanced Composition Explorer/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer heavy ion composition instrument are used to calculate ratios of kinetic temperature and Coulomb collisional interactions of an unprecedented 50 ion species in the solar wind. These ions cover a mass per charge range of 1–5.5 amu/e and were collected in the time range of 1998–2011. We report the first calculation of the Coulomb thermalization rate between each of the heavy ion (A > 4 amu) species present in the solar wind along with protons (H+) and alpha particles (He2+). From these rates, we find that protons are the dominant source of Coulomb collisional thermalization for heavy ions in the solar wind and use this fact to calculate a collisional age for those heavy ion populations. The heavy ion thermal properties are well organized by this collisional age, but we find that the temperature of all heavy ions does not simply approach that of protons as Coulomb collisions become more important. We show that He2+ and C6+ follow a monotonic decay toward equal temperatures with protons with increasing collisional age, but O6+ shows a noted deviation from this monotonic decay. Furthermore, we show that the deviation from monotonic decay for O6+ occurs in solar wind of all origins, as determined by its Fe/O ratio. The observed differences in heavy ion temperature behavior point toward a local heating mechanism that favors ions depending on their charge and mass.


Self-regulated hydrogen production at room temperature and atmosphere pressure is described in details.Basic idea of our approach is based on a precise auto-tuning of the oxidizing aqueous solution arrival ontohydrogenated silicon or aluminum nano-powders. The used self-regulation principle is completely passivee.g. neither electrical power sources, no regulating electronics are required. The system functioning wassimulated numerically and checked experimentally. The numerical simulation allowed definition of themain optimal parameters of the working system (pressure, capillary tube diameter, tank volumes) and anexperimental prototype based on the simulated results was built and used for hydrogen supplying to aportable PaxiTech® fuel cell.


. A two-phase four-pole air-core compulsator is designed and its basic electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed. The absence of specific compensation components simplifies the compulsator structure design and increases the reliability and pulse current versatility. A new self-excitation circuit structure is proposed for two-phase compulsator, which can improve the excitation efficiency and reduce the excitation loss. The experimental results show that the 5g projectile can be accelerated to approximately 2km/s. simultaneously, the effect of series inductance in waveform regulation is verified.


Currently, the design and construction of embankments of roads, railroads and hydraulic structures are based on regulatory documents developed 25-30 years ago. For the construction of granite massifs it is necessary to use sandy soils, the distribution of which in the Arctic zone of Siberia in the areas of construction is not more than 1.5%. In this case, the range of transport of sand in the alluvial area is 35 kilometers, in the rest of the area - an average of 60 kilometers. Large volumes of soil massifs require large amounts of transportation units, fuel consumption and are accompanied by large emissions of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. Over the past 15 years, the authors have developed designs and technologies that significantly reduce the energy consumption during the construction of soil embankments. Combined structures are cages made of geosynthetic materials filled with unsuitable melted and frozen overmoistened clay and peaty soils. This allowed the use of soils within the construction sites and thereby reduce the range of transportation from 0.2 to 2.0 kilometers. As an example, when reducing the range of transportation from 25 km to 1 km, the energy consumption is reduced by a factor of 21. The use of geosynthetics made it possible to set the initial parameters of the water-heat regime control process, which increased the life cycle of the embankment from 2 to 5 times in comparison with traditional soil massifs and reduced the consumption of energy for repair and maintenance of linear transport structures. This article gives a theoretical substantiation of water-heat regime management, based on which new designs and technologies have been proposed and tested in Siberia in 2008-2013. The results of the tests confirm the theoretical research. Thus, the use of combined constructions of geosynthetics and inapplicable soils not only reduces the distance of transportation, but also reduces the volume of earthworks. It reduces the consumption of energy by 1.5-2 times.


J Klaers and his colleagues at the University of Bonn (Germany) have produced for the first time the Bose± Einstein condensate of blackbody radiation photons. An original technique was utilized in solving the problems caused by absorption of photons on optical microcavity walls during their cooling and by the need to achieve a necessary photon concentration. A short (about d ˆ 3:5l ˆ 1:46 mm high) cylindrical optical microresonator with spherical mirror walls (radius of curvature 1 m) was used. The photon wavelength along the cavity axis was limited, so the dispersion relation for the transverse wave numbers was a formally correct description of a two-dimensional gas of massive particles. The microresonator was filled with a dye solution whose molecules absorbed and reemitted photons, thus maintaining the photonic gas at room temperature. In order to compensate for losses and increase the concentration of photons, dye molecules were excited by laser light and emitted additional photons. The transition to the state of Bose±Einstein condensate was identified by a characteristic spectrum; it would appear at a theoretically predicted photon concentration. A bright spot was observed at the center of the cavity, which corresponded to the condensate of photons from the transverse TEM00 mode. Owing to the noncoherent interaction between dye molecules and photons, the latters in this experiment acted as individual particles, in contrast to photons as components of polaritons whose Bose±Einstein condensate had been obtained earlier [see Phys. Usp. 49 1221 (2006)]. The Bose±Einstein condensate of photons may find application for developing unique sources of radiation, such as UV and X-lasers. Source: Nature 468 545 (2010) http://arXiv.org/abs/1007.4088


A is shown to be given by ∫dr ρ(r) 1/2 [μ, ˆ A ] ρ(r) 1/2 = 0, where ρ(r) is the single particle electron density of a many-electron system. The chemical potential operator μ expressed as either a multiplicative or a differential operator, depending on the variant of DFT, is shown to yield equivalent results. The consequence of using approximate forms of the energy density functionals are discussed and for special cases of the operator ˆ A , the virial theorem in DFT is recovered. Generalised scaling relations for the energy density functionals are obtained and the implications towards tensor virial theorem are discussed.


contains an elaborate description of the tissues; an account of the normal development of the body, and a section upon monstrosities; while not the least useful part to those engaged in the medical profession will be that devoted to the method of conducting post-mcrtem examinations, and to medico-legal, matters generally. The work will appear in six sections, two of which, that on Histology, by E. 0. Shakespeare, M.D., and that on Bones and joints, by Dr. Allen, are already issued. The other sections are as follows: iII. Muscles and fascia; iv. Arteries, veins and lymphatics; v. Nervous system; vi. Organs of sense, of digestion, and genito-urinary organs. The section upon histology contains twelve delicately executed plates and numerous woodcuts, and treats fully and clearly upon the lymph, blood, connective tissue, epithelium, cartilage, bone, musele, nervous tissue, etc. In the second section, which is illustrated with thirty plates, an innovation is introduced, which ought to be extensively followed. Each bone figured is drawn to a scale sufficiently large to enable the names of all the parts, processes, foramina, etc., to be printed upon or around them, thus obviating the waste of time and lack of precision caused by literal or numbered references. Nothing more complete than the figures and descriptions given of both bones and joints can well be desired, and if the rest of the work is equal to the parts before us, Dr. Allen may be congratulated upon having to a great extent attained the goal aimed at. The greatest drawback to the work is its high price; small enough, probably, to the well-established physician, but very large to the student and commencing practitioner, to both of whom its acquisition would be a boon.


Enhanced active resonant (EAR) dc circuit breakers (DCCBs) are a novel type of DCCB that use a discharge closing switch as interruption medium. A technical limitation of discharge closing switches is the minimum voltage across the main gap required for successful triggering. A novel commutation process creating the minimum voltage internally is proposed, which allows to simplify the EAR DCCB configuration and to reduce its component count. In the prototype, the discharge closing switch is implemented with a TVG. Experiments show that the TVG can be triggered reliably down to a voltage of 50 $\mathrm{V}$ and that the discharge in the TVG is highly oscillatory at low current. The originally proposed EAR DCCB configuration has to be tuned such that the commutation to the TVG succeeds at low current. Conversely, the novel commutation process decouples the minimum voltage from the current level by adjusting the triggering delay. This allows reliable commutation irrespective of the operating conditions. It is shown that the novel commutation process does not adversely affect dc interruption. Proactive commutation operation and auto-reclosing strategies are demonstrated.


The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety conducted a study of 12 states that raised speed limits between December 8, 1995, and April 1, 1996, (after Congress repealed the national maximum speed limit) and found that traffic fatalities increased 12% on interstates and freeways and 6% on all roads. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issued a report to Congress in February 1998 that offered similar results, revealing that the states that raised speed limits saw a 9% increase in fatalities. While researchers have not yet completed any studies on the effects of the higher speed limits on traffic crashes, speed appears to have logical effects on crash occurrence and severity. The faster a vehicle travels, the longer its braking distance. Thus, at higher speeds, drivers have less time to react to avoid crashes. Many drivers do not compensate for higher speeds with safer driving. When high-speed crashes occur, the chance that they will result in fatalities is higher. Most experts, however, agree that very few states will step back and reduce their maximum speed limits any time soon. It is even less likely that Congress will reinstate the national maximum speed limit. A sidebar examines whether higher speed limits lead to higher speeds.


The paper seeks to addresses the issue of stakeholders and their significance in transport infrastructure projects. It provides a comparative analysis of two countries, the United Kingdom and Poland. The paper highlights the different historical and cultural background of those countries in the context of stakeholder engagement and management processes. The authors present legal processes related to stakeholders and the public consultation processes adopted by these two different countries. There is need to consult and engage with those who might be described as "stakeholders". They are a relatively new phenomenon, now dominating the conception and implementation of transport infrastructure projects. Examples of different practices can show complexity of stakeholder management process and diverse ways to deal with it in the two compared countries. The article concludes with a debate on how to improve stakeholder engagement, benefiting from best practices and lessons learnt from mistakes of the past.


Syriac authors took over and adapted the ancient Mesopotamian genre of precedence dispute, transforming it into a dispute or dialogue, with theological overtones, which is normally between biblical characters. A small number of these dialogue poems concern saints, rather than biblical characters, and it is one of these, where the protagonists are St Marina and Satan, which is re-published here in a critical edition, together with three soghyatha which concern the life of St Marina. All are taken from the Maronite Office for the Commemoration of St Marina (July 17th).


Over the years, entrepreneurship development has become a burning issue which countries all over the world aspire to achieve. Most countries particularly the developing countries such as Nigeria have not reduced unemployment even with the decade old entrepreneurship education in its schools' curricula. Most of these countries think that entrepreneurship education is a "necessary condition" for boosting entrepreneurship development. Thus, neglecting the roles governments have to play for achieving high entrepreneurship propensity. Governments of the less developed countries do not provide the basic infrastructural facilities such as constant power supply, potable pipe borne water, good roads network, accessibility to credit facilities and etc (OCED, 2004). This study attempts to find out whether entrepreneurs consider EE a necessary condition or sufficient condition for incubating business. Through the use of simple random sampling technique, some 120 entrepreneurs in Yobe State were studied by means of structured questionnaire. Respondents were grouped into two. These groups are 60 entrepreneurs with EE knowledge and another 60 without EE knowledge. Only 110 questionnaires were retrieved. Simple percentage was used in making the analysis of responses. Hypotheses were tested at 5% confidence interval using the t-test. The means of the two groups were compared. The findings indicate no significant difference between the means of the two groups for Ho 1 and a significant difference between the means of the two groups for Ho 2. Recommendations were offered in order to ensure effective entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Key words: Entrepreneurship education, economic development, infrastructural facilities, sufficient condition, necessary condition


The utility model discloses a threaded connection structure, a pin pulling device and a suspension arm of the pin pulling device. The threaded connection structure comprises a first part and a second part, one of the first part and the second part is provided with a first threaded hole (11), the other part is provided with a first threaded member (21) matched with the first threaded hole, the first part and the second part are respectively provided with second threaded holes (12) and through holes (23) with spacer bushes (30) and connected through a second threaded member (40) penetrating through the second threaded holes and the spacer bushes, two ends of the spacer bushes are stopped through the head of the second threaded member and the end face of the first part, and the first threaded member and the second threaded member are arranged in parallel. When the threaded connection structure is stressed by acting force along the length direction of the first threaded member, the spacer bushes are used for stopping relative rotation of the first part and the second part and bearing tension, and the second threaded member is prevented from shearing and tension.


Knowledge is usually treated as a commodity and it is considered to have the features of a public good. The aim of this article is to consider the main arguments of this interpretation, goingback to two seminal papers of Kenneth Arrow and Richard Nelson and to offer an alternative interpretation based on the concept of personal knowledge as put forward by Michael Polanyi.


Starting the cleanup of America's rivers, lakes, and streams was easy. In the 1970s, nearly any action to control pollution yielded improvements in water quality. Now, commercial sources of pollution—those that are readily identified by effluent pipes—are fairly tightly controlled. Yet many stretches of the nation's waterways remain unsuitable for fishing, swimming, or use as a drinking water supply. This is in large part the result of runoff from roads and urban areas, farms, and timber operations—so-called nonpoint sources of water pollution. In August 1999, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a regulation instructing states to come up with plans for cleaning up waters that remain polluted (C&EN, Aug. 23, 1999, page 10). That proposal has generated a hailstorm of criticism from states, industry, agriculture, and the forestry sector and thousands of written comments to the agency. During the past five weeks, the House and Senate have held four hearings devoted solely to this issue. In ...


The recent serious cases of spreading false information have posed a significant threat to the social stability and even national security, urgently requiring all circles to respond adequately. Therefore, this survey illustrates how to fight against false information from its propagation process by (1) exploring the drivers of information infectivity from the content, media, user, structural, and temporal dimensions; (2) describing the propagation modeling approaches from macro (global), meso (community), and micro (individual) levels; and (3) discussing the governance strategies from both technical and application aspects. The potential data sources and the future directions of fighting are also given, hoping to facilitate more comprehensive solutions.


The philosophical limitations of the main text carry through the commentary on Cleanthes' Hymn on Zeus (sic), which appears as one of three appendices, and the discussion of whether Chrysippus located the cosmos in the 'centre' of the infinite void, which is another. (A third lists the critical sallies of Alexinus.) But the very real strengths of the main discussion are to be found there as well − and I don't mean to underplay their value. Meijer has brought intelligence and clarity to material which has generally been poorly served by existing studies in this area, and does much to prepare the ground for good work in the future. G.R. BOYS-STONES Durham University email@example.com


Objective. The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate the gynecological and defecographic features in women with stress urinary incontinence operated with Burch colposuspension in order to analyze if the findings could predict subsequent development of genital prolapse.


This paper derives consistent standard errors for a panel Tobit model in the presence of correlated errors. The problem is framed in the context of Newey and West (1987), considering the Tobit model as a special case of a GMM estimator.


Recently, on the view point of capacity of memory, the media of optical disk recording system is increasing. Moreover, its disk rotation speed will be increasing according to its large memory capacity, such as more than 10000[rpm]. The optical disk system has a radial run-out originate from the disk eccentricity. For this reason, the optical disk system has the periodic disturbance which is synchronized to its disk rotation speed. In order to suppress this periodic disturbance, we have proposed the robust feedforword tracking controller based on Zero Phase Error Tracking (ZPET) control. The optical disk system has the periodic harmonics disturbance. However, it is difficult for the conventional robust feedforword tracking controller to suppress the periodic high order harmonics disturbance. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new ZPET control system with multi harmonics disturbance suppression loop. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking control system has a precise tracking response against both periodic primary harmonics disturbance and periodic high order harmonics disturbance.


This paper based on physical truth of Suqian college, from 4 main points to ascending CET-4 passing rate:AppreciateCET-4,construction of learning atmosphere,teaching organization, rewards and punishments system of the examination.


The absorption cross section of the Einstein-Maxwell Dilaton Axion (EMDA) black hole for Dirac particles is investigated.It is shown that the absorption cross section decreases as both the v and the absolute value of the dilaton increase,but it increases as the mass of the particle increases.It is also shown that the absorption cross section for the massless Dirac particles is 1/8 of the area of the horizon,which may be an universal property for minimally coupled massless Dirac particles.


This policy brief is based on SANDEE working paper no. 46-09 "Prevalence and costs of childhood diarrhoea in the slums of Dhaka"


SUMMARY High density genotyping of individuals does not by itself yield information on phase: linkage of alleles between loci in the contributing gametes. This additional information is important, because it helps to determine which segments of chromosome are identical by descent across the population, and thereby improve inference about segregation of quantitative trait loci (QTL). This paper presents a recursive algorithm to give efficient implementation of long range phasing, a recently-published strategy that infers IBD between distant relatives from long strings of SNP genotypes that show no opposing homozygotes (i.e. no evidence of lack of IBS). These relatives can be both distant and unknown to the analysis. Successful implementation of this strategy gives opportunity to use haplotype and/or combined linkage-linkage disequilibrium analysis for QTL mapping or genomic selection.


We define invariants of surface-links, called generalized fundamental classes, and determine the values which the generalized fundamental classes of surface-links represented by diagrams with two or three triple points can take.


Minority opinion in international judicial judgement has an important practical significance,and has already reflected in practice.This paper will give you a preliminary discussion with scholars and international judicial practice.It describes the meaning,the reasons,the nature,the manner,as well as its theory of classification of minority opinion,especially the value to international judicial practice.


A multisensor catheter for the intravascular measurement of blood parameters is presented. The catheter contains a set of silicon chips that can process the signals of a large nunber of sensors. This includes on-chip transducers and signal conditioning as well as signal amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. UOS techniques for sensor fabrication allow a monolithic realization. The chip size enables a catheter of 2 mm in diamete?


Eternally inflating universes lead to an infinite number of Boltzmann brains but also an infinite number of ordinary observers. If we use the scale factor measure to regularize these infinities, the ordinary observers dominate the Boltzmann brains if the vacuum decay rate of each vacuum is larger than its Boltzmann brain nucleation rate. Here we point out that nucleation of small black holes should be counted in the vacuum decay rate, and this rate is always larger than the Boltzmann brain rate, if the minimum Boltzmann brain mass is more than the Planck mass. We also discuss nucleation of small, rapidly inflating regions, which may also have a higher rate than Boltzmann brains. This process also affects the distribution of the different vacua in eternal inflation. ∗ firstname.lastname@example.com † email@example.com ‡ firstname.lastname@example.com


We consider extremum problems of feedback capacity for models with memory, subject to average cost constraints. We show the optimal input process that maximizes directed information consists of two parts, one responsible to control the output process, and one responsible to transmit new information that interact. Unlike [1], the decentralized structure of the optimal input process is demonstrated for Gaussian models with memory on past inputs and outputs. A semi-separation principle is shown that states, the optimal input process is generated from multiple strategies of a decentralized optimization problem, of control and information transmission. Further, it is shown that the derivation of directed information stability is semi-separable, in the sense that it separates into a statement about the ergodic properties of the stochastic optimal control problem with partial information, and a statement related to an information transmission problem.


It is often required that image resizing be done intelligently in order to preserve important content. Most image resizing techniques fail to identify and protect important objects, or produce non-photorealistic images. In this paper, a novel low computation-cost method to protect human features during resizing is presented. Seam carving, an effective image resizing algorithm, fails to protect important objects in images, when either the energy content of the object is low with respect to its surroundings, or, the number of seams removed is very large. A fuzzy logic based protection for seam carving using fuzzy segmentation coupled with neural network skin detection is introduced. Using the above tools the energy image produced in seam carving is manipulated, in order to solve the problems in seam carving while simultaneously achieving content aware resizing with protection of human features.


Review(s) of: The prince: Michael Zavros, by Curators: Tracey Cooper-Lavery, Diane Warnes, Griffith University Art Gallery, Brisbane, 24 May - 7 July 2013.


ABSTRACT This research aims to examine the impact of intervention to poverty reduction, manifested through social transfers from local governments' budget (APBD). We use provincial panel data to examine the extent of impact from such transfer to poverty alleviation performance. Using Beck and Katz's OLS-PCSE estimator, we confirmed that higher amount of social transfer is indeed beneficial for further reduction in poverty incidence. Other explanatory variables, namely GDP per capita and human capital, also demonstrate significant effects in decreasing the number of poor people, while higher unemployment can lead to addition of the number of people living below the poverty line. These findings suggest that the declining trend in social transfers channelled by local governments might underlie the stagnation of poverty reduction in the last decades. We therefore suggest that ensuring the sustainability of transfers to the poor from local governments' funds is very important to re-accelerate poverty reduction. Keywords: social transfer; local government; poverty reduction; OLS-PCSE estimator


The goal is the development of materials that are highly sensitive and selective for chid chemicals and biochemical (such as insecticides, herbicides, proteins, and nerve agents) to be used as sensors, catalysts and separations membranes. Molecular modeling methods are being used to tailor chiral molecular recognition sites with high affinity and selectivity for specified agents. The work focuses on both silicate and non-silicate materials modified with chirally-pure fictional groups for the catalysis or separations of enantiomerically-pure molecules. Surfactant and quaternary amine templating is being used to synthesize porous frameworks, containing mesopores of 30 to 100 angstroms. Computer molecukw modeling methods are being used in the design of these materials, especially in the chid surface- modi~ing agents. Molecular modeling is also being used to predict the catalytic and separations selectivities of the modified mesoporous materials. The ability to design and synthesize tailored asymmetric molecular recognition sites for sensor coatings allows a broader range of chemicals to be sensed with the desired high sensitivity and selectivity. Initial experiments target the selective sensing of small molecule gases and non-toxic model neural compounds. Further efforts will address designing sensors that greatly extend the variety of resolvable chemical species and forming a predictive, model-based method for developing advanced sensors.


Cognitive Radio principles were first described at a Keynote Speech by Dr. Joseph Mitola at the IEEE ICASSP Conference in Phoenix in 1999. In this talk Mitola described the principles of a Radio that could help its user to do many things. The vision includes a radio with an understanding of numerous domains ranging from the user's daily routine to an understanding of how to find and efficiently use spectrum and avoid interference. This paper will review Cognitive Radio principles explored by the commercial and defense communities, assessing progress made in the many potential dimensions of Cognitive Radio as an assistant to the radio user. We will utilize the DARPA developed Advanced Wireless Network System / Wireless Network after Next (AWNS/WNaN) radio system and network as the example of a Cognitive Radio capability that provides high levels of adaptivity to the communications radio frequency (RF) environment and the warfighter's mission.


Academic programmes implicitly require critical thinking, and increasingly the requirement for critical thinking is explicit as part of autonomous and enquiry-based learning. Because of the different cultural and learning backgrounds across an international student group, there is not a single, uniform understanding of and approach to critical thinking. This paper describes research conducted to explore engineering students' conceptualisation of critical thinking, with a view to using the findings to contribute to improved design of academic programmes in the future. Research subjects were a cross-institutional, international group of master's level engineering students; the investigation spanned two separate academic cohorts in two different institutions. A set of attributes giving evidence of critical thinking was determined from the literature (Castle 2003; Colucciello 1997; Profetto-McGrath 2003). A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to provide insights into emerging themes. Focus groups identified key themes, and questionnaires further explored those themes and confirmed the initial findings. Analysis of questionnaire data generated descriptive statistics that measured the incidence and variation in respondents' views around critical thinking and facilitated an exploration of data trends to verify and augment results from focus groups. It is anticipated that the research outputs will enable faculty staff to identify aspects of curricula that rely on critical thinking and to comment on appropriate ways to embed the development of critical thinking skills in academic programmes.


A fast convolution-based technique, deemed Power Blurring, is demonstrated for thermal analysis of 3D ICs, including thermal vias. The temperature resulting from any power may in each layer of the chip can be computed without the need to re-mesh the whole structure. The maximum error in estimation time is reduced by a factor of 76× compared to finite element software.


Preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage, the most important part of which are book monuments, is the main task of libraries and other cultural institutions.An important achievement in the implementation of the state policy was the consolidation in the Russian legislation of the norms governing the work with book monuments, the formation of the Register of Book Monuments, the creation of the site "Book Monuments" within the framework of the national project "Culture", being the part of the National Electronic Library.The article presents the first results of work on the identification, study and digitization of book monuments from the collection of rare books stored in the non-digital collection of the Presidential Library.The purpose of this article is to introduce researchers to book monuments from the collection of rare books of the Presidential Library, the peculiarities of presenting their digital copies in the library's electronic collection.A brief description of the documents identified in the collection of rare books with signs of book monuments is given. Among them, there are early printed books; books with autographs, records of scientific, historical, cultural interest; books from personal collections of prominent people, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the description of the rarest and most interesting copies. The basic principles and approaches to digitization and presentation of book monuments in the central collection of electronic documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the experience of the Presidential Library in forming the digital collection "Book Monuments of the Presidential Library", which includes selected domestic and foreign editions published before 1830.


Land acquisition and relocation is one of the key topics of sociological research today. Some researchers have found that land acquisition and relocation will bring a series of livelihood security problems to the dispossessed farmers. However, there is still a research gap on the impact on the quality of life of the indigenous people, especially the dispossessed fishermen. Therefore, based on a qualitative research method, this paper studied the indigenous fishermen of Dongyu Village through interviews. It collected and collated interview data, and analysed the impact of land acquisition and eviction on the quality of life of the fishermen. It is found that the quality of life of fishermen has not been substantially improved after the demolition and relocation, which can be reflected in two aspects: economic quality of life and spiritual quality of life. The economic quality of life is improved for a short period of time, but the fishermen are unable to maintain a high quality of economic lifestyle in the long term due to their low educational level, inability to manage the available compensation for eviction and inability to create wealth through other means than fishing. The mental quality of life will be reduced by the disruption to the rhythm and routine of life due to eviction.


What is known and Objective:  Poor insight is prevalent among patients with schizophrenia and improved insight is one of the major goals of treatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between insight and subjective well‐being during acute treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics in a naturalistic clinical setting.


This paper sets up standard multiple regression equations by using five subtropical high indexes and the rainfall data from 160 sampling stations in China from June to August. From the discussion of the distribution and change of the partial regression coefficients of five subtropical high indexes and the coefficient of multiple correlation coefficient of every equation, we study the composite influence of the location, shape, area and intensity that the subtropical high indexes reflect on the rainfall of the main raining period of China, and besides, the difference of the influence in season and region. The outcome shows that the north boundary index and ridge line index of subtropical high are related to the change of the location of main rain belt, and the western ridge point index of subtropical high is associated with the amount of the rain in most areas of China. According to the methods used in the work, the area index and the intensity index show the reverse effect on the rainfall. At last, we discuss the fitting ability of the subtropical high indexes to the rainfall of the main raining periods in China and find that this ability turns to be better in July than June and August. As far as the region is concerned, the fitting ability will be more effective for the south or east part of China than the north and west part.


A control device (20) for a rotary electric machine (10) comprises a predicting section (33) for predicting a controlled variable of the electric rotating machine (10), which is applied with an output voltage of a power conversion circuit for each of prescribed operating conditions of the power conversion circuit, and a control section (26) for influencing the power conversion circuit, wherein a current operating condition is determined as to operate in one of the respective operating states, based on the controlled variable which is predicted by the prediction portion (33). The control device (20) further has an average voltage direction calculation section for calculating a direction of an average output voltage vector of the power conversion circuit. The control section (26) includes a priority setting section for setting a priority for each of the operating states based on the direction of the average output voltage vector in which has been calculated by the average voltage direction calculating section when calculating the current operating state.


In this year's jubilee display to commemorate Mozart's 250 t h birthday, the public viewed an inconspicuous manuscript page among more than a thousand exhibits; the first and third leaves of the page were covered by Italian verses in the handwriting of a famous author; 1 this handwriting, known previously only to specialists in the field but of enormous significance in cultural history, was Giacomo Casanova's ( 1 7 2 5 1798). The verses on the first and third leaves of the folded sheet represent two drafts for stage texts apparently dealing with the Don Juan theme in general, and Lorenzo Da Ponte's ( 1 7 4 9 1 8 3 8 ) version of the subject for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1 7 5 6 1 7 9 1 ) , in particular.2 When the drafts were discovered3 in Casanova's estate at the Waldstein family's Dux Castle in Bohemia in the early twentieth century 4 and shortly thereafter published as a facsimile,5 the confusion surrounding the creation of II Dissoluto punito. Ο sta Ii D. Giovanni was enriched by yet another facet. While research had


In embryonic and neoplastic cells suspended in culture medium, incorporation of labelled glucosamine into glycoprotein occurred in three distinct subcellular sites: endoplasmic membranes, ribosomes, and cell sap, of which the first was quantitatively the most important. The presence of labelled glucosamine on polysomes indicates that the carbohydrate moiety starts to become attached to the polypeptide while the glycoprotein is still linked to the polysome.


Background Urinary stone disease (USD) historically has affected older men, but studies suggest recent increases in women, leading to a near identical sex incidence ratio. USD incidence has doubled every 10 years, with disproportionate increases amongst children, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) women. USD stone composition in women is frequently apatite (calcium phosphate), which forms in a higher urine pH, low urinary citrate, and an abundance of urinary uric acid, while men produce more calcium oxalate stones. The reasons for this epidemiological trend are unknown. Methods This perspective presents the extent of USD with data from a Canadian Province and a North American institution, explanations for these findings and offers potential solutions to decrease this trend. We describe the economic impact of USD. Findings There was a significant increase of 46% in overall surgical interventions for USD in Ontario. The incidence rose from 47.0/100,000 in 2002 to 68.7/100,000 population in 2016. In a single United States institution, the overall USD annual unique patient count rose from 10,612 to 17,706 from 2015 to 2019, and the proportion of women with USD was much higher than expected. In the 10–17-year-old patients, 50.1% were girls; with 57.5% in the 18–34 age group and 53.6% in the 35–44 age group. The roles of obesity, diet, hormones, environmental factors, infections, and antibiotics, as well as the economic impact, are discussed. Interpretation We confirm the significant increase in USD among women. We offer potential explanations for this sex disparity, including microbiological and pathophysiological aspects. We also outline innovative solutions – that may require steps beyond typical preventive and treatment recommendations.


This study places in a more wide research directed to analyzing the principal characteristics of the facilities and of the sports spaces of the Region of Madrid. In a more precise way, in the present work there are analyzed some indicators of the offer of facilities and sports spaces of the Region, as well as his territorial distribution, from the provided informa


Reduction of parasitic capacitances has predicted two-time high speed in deep-submicron CMOS/SIMOX ring oscillators (RO), where measurements are plotted for comparison with an analytical model with ultra-thin SOI film thickness of 30-nm and 50-nm. Analytical lower bounds for power dissipations of a CMOS/SOI inverter using a time-dependent capacitance model and the conventional model are propounded. It is concluded that (1) noticable results show high speed (24 ps/stage at the gate length of 0.15-/spl mu/m and supply voltage of 2.0 V) at 50-nm SOI-film thick and very low power (6 /spl mu/W/stage at the gate length, L/sub g/, of 0.2-/spl mu/m and supply voltage, V/sub dd/, of 1.5 V) at 30-nm SOI-film thick CMOS/SOI ring oscillator, while models at 30-nm SOI-film as poly-Si gate thickness decreases predicted comparable high speed (24 ps/stage at L/sub g/=0.1-/spl mu/m with V/sub dd/=2.5 V) like 50-nm SOI-film devices. This is promising for high performance of deep-submicron gate ultra-thin film CMOS/SOI technology at low voltage operations.<<ETX>>


Second-level education has a crucial role to play in Ireland's long-term economic prosperity, as well as being intrinsically valuable, allowing young people to develop intellectually, socially and personally. Much of the debate internationally has focused on how countries compare against international benchmarks and indicators like PISA. This paper argues that, while we can potentially learn from what other systems have 'got right', it is important that we do not fall into the trap of engaging in 'policy borrowing'. Furthermore we now have a rich evidence base in Ireland on 'what works' in terms of school organisation and process. The paper reviews this evidence in a number of key areas: ability grouping, school climate, teaching and learning methods, and curriculum and assessment. The discussion reviews how these aspects of school policy and practice can make a substantive impact on student outcomes and act as 'drivers' of improvement, often requiring relatively modest levels of expenditure.


People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis. The risk of active tuberculosis is also high in people with other diseases that affect the immune system. Malnourished people are at three times the risk. In 2020, there were 1.9 million new cases of tuberculosis worldwide due to malnutrition. Alcohol intake and smoking increase the risk of developing tuberculosis by 3.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. By 2020, 740,000 new TB patients worldwide were due to alcohol use disorders and 730,000 were due to smoking.


On the studied site of the Urtalik ore deposit, rare, rare-earth and polymetallic mineralization is shown. Rare elements zirconium and niobium can have restite character which gets a steady state at the recrystallization of ore-bearing minerals. At the same time a rare element zirconium and a rare-earth element ytterbium selectively concentrate in the zircon and apatite respectively.