Different postures are object of several kind of pain in the spine; this is evident in individuals who remain long hours working in inappropriate positions that can generate long-term injuries [1]. Currently, the detection of wrong posture is not headed to study every muscle involved in a particular work activity The use of these method generates a high variability on results as for observer, as for the patient. Is important to have strategies to reduce this variability. The electromyography technique is used to make an evaluation of posture, to do so, we have designed and implemented a wireless EMG, which can acquire the signal from six muscles in the back. Additionally ia data receiving software was implemented. This system performs the acquisition of the patient's muscles at his usual sitting position, making the record for a minute, then patient rests five minutes and data is acquired again, this time, with the patient on proper sitting posture. With the information a database is build. This database is used to determine whether a posture is appropriate or inappropriate. Finally the EMG is used to visualize and analyze the acquisition of the bioelectrical signal of the muscle in the software implemented, giving importance to the diagnosis, analysis make a statement about prevention and good posture, not only in students community, but in many other communities.


In order to improve the detection of early forest fire monitor near the ground,this paper proposed three algorithms of multi-sensor data fusion after analyzing the domestic status of forest fire monitoring.In the simulation experiment of forest fire,the data which included concentrations of carbon dioxide,carbon monoxide,smoke,air temperature and humidity were collected.After being analyzed preliminarily,the data of the mainly contributive sensors were picked out.And then three algorithms,which included BP neural network,fuzzy neural system and support vector machine were used to analyze the experiment data and identify the fire status.In the algorithms,three input vectors and nine input vectors were both set as inputs for comparison.At last three parameters of identification performance were defined to compare the identification's performance of the three algorithms.The conclusion was that the algorithm of support vector machines was able to perform a good identification of the early forest fire within a certain range.


For the health of staff, faculty, students and the greater community, the Library is closed to practice social distancing. This page outlines the services that are available during this temporary closure.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a disposable mask provided with an exhaust valve, and to a disposable mask manufactured thereby. In the disposable mask of the present invention, the exhaust valve, in which a lower exhaust side and an upper exhaust side are assembled, is ultrasonically fused while being fixed on an installation hole of the mask by using a jig. The exhaust valve comprises: the lower exhaust side forming an adhesive uneven face on a contact surface thereof, which comes in contact with the surface of the installation hole of the mask, to have strong adhesion; an intake and exhaust membrane accommodated inside the lower exhaust side; and an upper exhaust side having vent holes. The method for manufacturing the disposable mask of the present invention improves labor productivity by reducing the processes of assembling the exhaust valve, facilitates automation, reduces manufacturing costs, and improves adhesion strength of the exhaust valve to the surface of the mask, thereby increasing user convenience.


Correspondence Address: SCHWEGMAN, LUNDBERG, WOESSNER & (57) ABSTRACT KLUTH, PA. P.O. BOX 2938 An electronic proximity Sensing apparatus has at least one MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55402 (US) Signal pad. The Signal pads are each connected to receive an 9 electric Voltage Signal. At least two Sensing conductors are (73) Assignee: Touchram LLC routed in proximity to the Signal pads, and a Sensor is operable to detect the difference in voltage between two of (21) Appl. No.: 10/729,699 the at least two Sensing conductors. Differential Sensing is further applied to other capacitive proximity Sensing circuits (22) Filed: Dec. 5, 2003 to reduce common-mode interference.


Design and computer simulation results of a triplexer based on coupled resonator approach are reported in this paper. Six resonators are interconnected in such a way as to yield three outputs with passbands centered at 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz and 2.45 GHz covering the GSM, UMTS and IEEE 802.11b wireless bands. Each output presents a Chebyshev ripple level of 0.04321 dB and fractional bandwidth of 2.5 %, 3.3 % and 2.3 % for the left, center and right passbands, respectively . A gradient-based local optimization technique is here utilized to determine the coupling coefficients by minimizing a proposed Cost Function.


Gas sensing materials for detecting flammable gases such as CH₄, C₃H 8 and n-C₄H 10 were developed by utilizing In₂O₃ as the principal sensing material. The sensing materials were formulated by mixing In₂O₃ powder with one or two other chemicals such as SnO₂, Y₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ with a small addition of PdCl₂ as a catalyst. Samples of sensor were fabricated by coating each of the mixtures on a ceramic tube, impregnating ethylsilicate and firing at 750℃. Each material mixture was evaluated by measuring and comparing gas sensitivity (resistance in air/resistance with gas) to flammable gases such as CH₄, O₃H₃ and n-C₄H 10 . It was found that among fifteen compositions tested three compositions as follows show the highest gas sensitivity and thus are very feasible for commercialization as the gas sensors; 49.5 In₂O₃+50 Al₂O₃+0.5 PdCl₂ (wt%), 20 In₂O₃+29 SnO₂+50 Al₂O₃+1 PdCl₂ (wt%), 40 In₂O₃+9 Y₂O₃+50 Al₂O₃+1 PdCl₂ (wt%).


In this research we report the significant contribution of the as-spun multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the x-ray images formation using a low tube voltage x-ray source. The MWCNT, which was used for the fabrication of the spun CNT, was grown using a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition machine. Electrical-optics simulation software was utilized to determine the electron field emission trajectory of the triode-structure-as-spun CNT-based x-ray source. It was shown that a significant amount of converging electrons hit the target anode producing a clear x-ray image. These x-ray images where produced at a small amount of anode current of 0.67 mA at a tube voltage of 5 kV with the gate voltage of 0 V. Also, comparisons of the radiographs at various exposure times of the sample where analyzed with and without an x-ray dose filter. Results showed that spatially-resolved images were formed using the as-spun CNT at a low tube voltage with a 54-μm Al x-ray filter. This study can be used for low-voltage medical applications.


Abstract The three books under review in this article all demonstrate the beginnings of a shift in the tone of literature on or derived from the work of Karl Polanyi. On one hand, the authors all show a willingness to admit a variety of problems and weaknesses in his work. But on the other hand, it is precisely this degree of critical introspection that enables the authors under review to identify some of the most important and contemporarily relevant aspects of Polanyi's thought. In the two main sections of this article – on Polanyi's concepts of 'embeddedness' and 'double movement' – I define the problems highlighted in previous iterations of Polanyian literature, moving on to examine how the texts under review address those problems, laying particular emphasis on the ideational components of Polanyi's thought. I conclude by suggesting future directions for Polanyian scholarship, mooting the possibility of a distinctively 'post-Polanyian' perspective in which ideas, discourse and framing are placed centre stage.


1.1 Logic and sets All mathematics is based on an underlying understanding of logic. It starts of course with proposition logic (with connectives such as ¬ (Negation), ∧ (Conjunction), ∨ (Disjunction), ⇒ (Implication), ⇔ (Equivalence) but predicate logic is the most relevant with its quantors ∀ and ∃. We borrow from it its basic notation, and its basic modes of reasoning. Quantor type variable ∈ Scope [:] Objects(V ariable) ∀x is human : x will die


Women consist of an exceptionally little alternative of the full time educational staff in and are gathered in the lower grades. Based on fact proof focuses to the way that a significant purpose behind this is isolation exists inside the intellectual calling. In any case, there is almost no exact data on the idea of this separation and the institutional measures that serve to look after it. The examination discovered here tries to distinguish and light up these procedures through the encounters and impression of women scholastics themselves. A sum of women were met finally utilizing a semi‐structured talk with plan, investigating issues, for example, enrollment and choice, experimentation, profession improvement, examination, places of passion and the jobs of ladies scholastics. It is recommended, right now, we can start to see a segment of the elements which limit women entrance to and completion inside the calling by analyzing the proof of women who have made due inside the framework. At present, enrollment and determination is finished by men, for the most part in their own picture. Changes should be made to this course of action to give ladies a reasonable possibility. Right now the absence of formal methods and absence of preparing permit preference what's more, separation to remain. Inside the calling, women experience the ill effects of an absence of good examples and casual help frameworks, which assume a significant job in improving notorieties and status, and accepting scholastics into the honor framework.


The invention relates to a write-read unit for the near-field for a passive RFID transponder 1, consisting of a read-write device 2 with an integrated circuit 3 which comprises an oscillator 5 for generating a high-frequency transmission signal with a frequency f1> 10 MHz, the is connected to an antenna coil 4, which emits a signal to the RFID transponder 1, the integrated circuit evaluates 3 reply signals from the RFID transponder 1, wherein the first antenna coil 4 is part of the read-write device 2, wherein the read-write device 2 alone a communication with the transponder 1 in a first detection area B1 and a first lateral displacement V1 allowed, wherein according to the invention, a second resonant circuit is provided with a second antenna coil 8 9, which is inductively coupled to the antenna coil 4 of the read-write device 2, so that the read-write unit comprises a second detection area B2 and a second lateral Versatic z V2 obtained, which are essentially determined by the second antenna coil. 8 Furthermore, one at the read-write device (2) are claimed attachable auxiliary antenna and a fastened to a hose coupling auxiliary antenna with an inductive loop.


The purpose of this study is the development of a lathe which can cut any pistons of oval shape with high speed, accuracy and precision by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) method. Y axis which is the position determinating mechanism with high speed response was added to the CNC lathe and the ovality and profile was cut under the control of C-Y-Z axes at same time. In the case of ovality of .phi. 0.2mm, the productivity can be improved up to 2500rpm(Y axis:83Hz) by high speed cutting than modeling method. Since a personal computer is used, it is easy to change the shape of pistion and can be applied promptly to many types of piston shppe by only changing data files.


The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment (tmt) with Rituximab ® in patients (pts) with ITP who had previously received R. Re-treatment (re-tmt) was administered either at standard (std) dose (375 mg/m2 x 4) n=15 or as augmented R, n= 14 (below). Eligibility criteria included primary chronic ITP, platelet count (plt ct) 12 years, and prior receipt of std dose R.

Augmented R pts were randomised to receive either R-CVP (group A,n=7) or Double Dose R (DDR) (group B,n=7). Group A pts received 1 dose of std dose R 1st and then 3 doses of R-CVP consisting of R, IV doses of Cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 & vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (max 2 mg) and 100 mg prednisone PO daily for 5 days at 3 week intervals. Group B pts were treated with R 750 mg/m2/dose IV weekly for 4 weeks. Pts could receive IVIG during the initial tmt period. Two heavily pre-treated pts did not tolerate R-CVP well and refused the 3rd cycle; 1 std dose pt had an allergic reaction and could not complete her 4th infusion of re-tmt. Otherwise tmt was well tolerated. All pts had decline in circulating CD 19 positive B cells to < 0.03 X 109 and there were no significant decreases in IgG or IgM levels.

The table below summarises the response to the various tmts with R.

| Patient | 1st Treatment | 2nd Treatment | DDR/R-CVP ♣ |
|:------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------- |
| | Median Plt. ct | Response | Median Plt Ct | Response | Median Plt. Ct | Response |
| ♣ 1 | 270 | CR | 319 | CR | 338 | CR |
| 2 | 102 | CR | | | 199 | CR |
| ♣ 3 | 157 | CR | 9 | NR | 24 | NR |
| 4 | 50 | PR | 34 | PR | 52 | PR |
| 5 ♣ | 50 | MR | | | 20 | MR |
| ♣ 6 | 65 | PR | | | 25 | PR |
| 7 | 8 | NR | | | 25 | NR |
| 8 | 7 | NR | | | 15 | NR |
| ♣ 9 | 10 | NR | | | 10 | NR |
| 10 | 6 | NR | | | 10 | NR |
| 11 | 195 | CR | | | 165 | CR |
| 12 | 325 | CR | 285 | CR | 267 | CR |
| ♣ 13 | 180 | CR | | | 10 | NR |
| 14 | 21 | NR | 169 | CR | | |
| 15 | 290 | CR | 150 | CR | | |
| 16 | 219 | CR | 155 | CR | | |
| 17 | 157 | CR | 80 | PR | | |
| 18 | 540 | CR | 350 | CR | | |
| 19 | 63 | PR | 13 | NR | | |
| 20 | 245 | CR | 30 | NR | | |
| 21 | 58 | PR | 181 | CR | | |
| 22 | 72 | PR | 72 | PR | | |
| 23 | 88 | PR | 78 | PR | | |
| 24 | 450 | CR | 636 | CR | | |

Overview of Response to Initial and Re-treatment with Rituximab

Among 15 pts on re-tmt with std dose R after ITP relapse, there were 7 complete responses (CR's) (plt ct > 150,000/ul [150k] for 2 consecutive weeks) and 3 partial responses (PR's) (plt ct between 50–150k for 2 consecutive weeks). Response to the 1st and 2nd std dose tmt courses was similar (n=15) but 3 pts (#3, 17 & 20 {see table}) with initial CR's had limited to absent responses to re-tmt. No HAMA or HACA were detected in the 3 pts.

With augmented R, there were 3 CR's among 7 pts randomized to the DDR group (#2, 11, 12). All 3 pts also had CR's with the 1st tmt. Among 7 pts randomized to the R-CVP group, 1 pt had CR (also had CR with 1st R), 1 had PR (#6) and 4 pts failed to respond altogether; 1 pt just started R-CVP. No pt who did not respond to initial std dose R, responded to either DDR or R-CVP (see figure). 4 pts received re-tmt with std dose R and then augmented R. At this time it does not seem that augmented R has provided additional benefit to these 4 or the other retreated pts.

In conclusion, Rituximab re-tmt at std or double dose is well tolerated and generally produces similar response durations to initial R tmt in pts with relapsed chronic ITP. However 3/15 CR pts had no response to re-tmt. Augmented R, either as R-CVP or as DDR, did not provide any clear benefit to pts not responding initially to std R but may be superior to std dose R in some pts. R-CVP was less well tolerated than other regimens.

![Figure][1]

Quality of Response: Comparision of Initial Treatment Vs Re-Treatment with DDR R-CVP

 [1]: pending:yes


The development of polymer micromachining technologies that complement traditional silicon approaches has enabled the broadening of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Polymeric materials feature a diverse set of properties not present in traditional microfabrication materials. The investigation and development of these materials have opened the door to alternative and potentially more cost effective manufacturing options to produce highly flexible structures and substrates with tailorable bulk and surface properties. As a broad review of the progress of polymers within MEMS, major and recent developments in polymer micromachining are presented here, including deposition, removal, and release techniques for three widely used MEMS polymer materials, namely SU-8, polyimide, and Parylene C. The application of these techniques to create devices having flexible substrates and novel polymer structural elements for biomedical MEMS (bioMEMS) is also reviewed.


In this paper, we examine the necessity and the role of technology transfer/diffusion in the frame of national technology innovation system. On the base of this, we present a construction plan of technology transfer/diffusion system to make the national electric industry for 21st century to possess the competitive power. To achieve above purpose, we examine the relations between theory of technology transfer/diffusion structure and policy. Furthermore, we try to find the necessity for construction of technology transfer & diffusion system and a driving plan. Then, it is analyzed that expected design requirements for the construction of electric technology transfer & diffusion system. Finally, construction and activation plan for electric technology transfer & diffusion system are presented, which would strengthen the national technology competitiveness.


The motion of a rigid body includes linear and angular motions,the latter is usually measured by gyroscopes.The researched result shows that it is possible to determine the angular motion of a rigid body using only accelerometers instead of gyroscopes.The key to the solution of this problem is choosing the location and the orientation,namely,the configuration of these accelerometers.The feasibility of gyroscope free strap-down inertial navigation system(GFSINS) based on accelerometers was analyzed and deduced.Considering Chen's configuration of 6 accelerometers and a kind of configuration of 12 accelerometers,the expressions and the test calibration method of installation error were presented,and the installation error was compensated.It can be used in medium precision and lower cost inertial technology.


Much has been written about ways in which we might help students to improve the level of reflection that can be found in their Journal Writing. Formative peer and self assessment has been cited as a way for students to develop a clearer understanding of what is required to write reflectively and can alleviate some of the difficulties
associated with staff assessing student journals. In order to evaluate the efficacy, reliability and validity of peer and self-assessment, a cohort of architecture students
were asked to assess each other's on-line reflective blogs on two occasions during an academic year. These were rated in terms of the level and focus of reflection using a
standard assessment rubric. It was found that there was reasonable consistency of ratings between those reviewing the same student's work. There was less consistency
between an individual's own assessment and the assessment of their work by their peers. There was also a significant improvement in the level of reflection recorded in
the peer-assessment between the first and second review. It appears that this improvement resulted from the process of undertaking the peer assessment, rather than through the utilisation of the feedback it produced.


Using seismic illumination analysis,we can study the seismic wave energy distribution and design effective observation system for migration or full waveform inversion.Meanwhile,we can compensate seismic energy using illumination intensity.This method can solve the difficulty that the deep area inversion effect is poor in the full waveform inversion.Compared with conventional illumination analysis,Wave equation bi-directional illumination method can provide more accurate wave-field and illumination energy especially for complex model In this paper,we present a full waveform inversion method in time domain with wave equation illumination optimization.Firstly,we optimize the design of geometry and get the energy to compensate the deep region using illumination analysis,and then invert the velocity model by waveform inversion method.Numerical results on Marmousi model show that this method is effective and feasible.


Optimizing regional agriculture produce structure is very significative to increase the income of peasantry. Having studied the relation among regional agriculture units, This paper builds a linear programming model including farming、animal husbandry and agricultural industry in order to find a theory way to build a optimized model of regional agriculture produce structure.


The words of sportscasters−repeated hundreds, even thousands, of times by different announcers in similar ways−provide a conceptual frame for the sports experience, and that mental frame has particular importance because fans often apply it to nonathletic situations. Contrary to assertions by some critics, analysis of 1,156 descriptors in sportscaster commentary during 66 televised men's and women's college basketball games showed no significant difference between the proportions of commentary and proportions of participating Black and White men players, but showed some overemphasis in comments about White women players. Predictably, Black men players tended to be stereotyped as naturally athletic, quick, and powerful, while White men players continued to be touted for their hard work, effort, and mental skill. The same racial stereotypes also appeared in the commentary about women basketball players, but few gender stereotypes emerged. Thus, increases in the numbers of Black and women game announcers may have lent balance to quantities of coverage by race and gender, but traditional racial stereotypes continue to pervade sports commentary even when gender stereotypes appear to be diminishing.


The paper analyses symbols and references related to freedom lost and finding by the human being, with the sample of Rabindranath Tagore's literary work, Indian poet, philosopher and painter (1861-1941). Through those elements a symbolic framework is built, showing a certain conception of true freedom, always related to transcendence. That conquest is desired and feared at the same time, as a contradiction that presents itself as a reflection of human nature.


Teacher performance is an important aspect in improving the quality of education in Indonesia, while supporting aspects of teacher performance that the authors consider important is, educational background, motivation of teachers, facilities and infrastructure. Therefore, research directed at the 3rd aspect. The research approach uses survey research techniques Explanelong description,

The result of simple correlation calculation to measure the contribution of educational background variables (X1) on the performance of vocational teachers (Y), which is 21.16%. Neither Teacher motivation variable relationship (X2) on the performance of vocational teachers (Y) is 31.56%. and facilities (X3) on the performance of vocational teachers (Y) is 13.69%.

The result of the calculation of multiple correlation analysis to measure the level of contributions among variable (X1), (X2), (X3) of (Y) are together is 44.09%.

Based on the findings in this study, that the performance of teachers will increase if the spesific between educational background, motivation and facilities improved.


Villeval, as well as participants in the LI e congresss of the AFSE, at the summer school of the GDR STICS and members of the C.O.I work group for the remarks and enlightenment they have contributed. We of course assume complete responsibility for any errors and omissions that may remain. Abstract We propose a unified analytical framework to understand both the complementarity between computer use and innovative organisational practices and the selection principles that guide their diffusion at the work post level. We show that the common selection principles governing the allocation of IT and the organizational design of the work posts are connected with the choice of the network configuration of social interactions within the firm. This interactive social structure is analysed with reference to the concept of " social capital ". We then identify in the complementarity between technology and organisation, what comes from the pure coordination of choices in these two dimensions and what comes from the selection of workers. We conducted econometric tests, based on the labour force section of the survey on " Organisational Change and Computerisation " conducted in 1997. They allow us to verify four propositions. First of all, we show that the social capital of workers favours their access to computers and more generally to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). This selective allocation of equipment seems specific to ICT since it does not drive the allocation of automated machines. Second, the same selection mechanism drives the access of employees to work posts with innovative productive and informational characteristics. Third, ICTs are correlated with innovative organizational characteristics of work posts resulting from the diffusion of new types of organization. However, this relationship is not uniform within the different occupational groups. Finally, innovative organizational characteristics involving a relational dimension generate a complementarity with ICT which main source is in the way workers have been selected to occupy a modernized work post.


The new insecticides like spinetoram 12% SC @ 450 ml/ha, rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 100 ml/ha were significantly effective and on par with commonly recommended insecticides viz. profenophos 50 EC @ 1250 ml/ha, triazophos 40 EC @ 800 ml/ha, quinalphos 25 EC @ 1500 ml/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha. These insecticides were found effective and recorded less than 1 larva/mrl. From the overall mean, rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 100 ml/ha, recorded lowest stem tunnelling (1.4%) caused by maggot of stem fly. Spinetoram 12% SC @ 450 ml/ha recorded significantly minimum plant infestation caused by girdle beetle (4.5%). The highest mean yield 1275 kg/ha was recorded with rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 100 ml/ha which was 495 kg (63.4%) more than the control. Other treatments gave additional yield ranged from 310 to 400 kg/ha. Spraying of triazophos was economical and most remunerative recorded 1: 7.32 ICBR, followed by profenophos 50 EC @ 1250 ml/ha (1:5.36) and quinalphos 25 EC @ 1500 ml/ha (1:5.09).


Internal microbial infection may lead to abscesses formation in cattle. This study was conducted on 1500 slaughtered cattle from Mansoura abattoir and Damietta local dairy farms to screen out the presence of internal abscesses. Of 1500 slaughtered cattle, 160 animals (10.67%) were affected with lung abscesses (n=140) (87.5%), lung abscesses with tonsillar involvement (n=3) (1.87%), liver abscesses (n=15) (9.37%), bacterial endocarditis with systemic lodgment of bacterial emboli (n=1) (0.62%) and spinal epidural abscess (n=1) (0.62%). Younger animals less than 1 year were more susceptible. A variety of bacterial species including, Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida ) 132 (70.58%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (A. pyogenes) 30 (16.04%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 (6.41%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (4.27%) and Streptococcus spp. 5 (2.67%) were isolated. The histopathological changes associated with the internal abscesses formation were described in this study. In conclusion, the frequency of bovine abscesses was the highest in lungs. The most common isolate was P. multocida followed by A. pyogenes.


Modern cyber-physical systems are becoming increasingly complex and distributed. These trends are making it more and more difficult to ensure the timing guarantees of these systems: traditional approaches were developed for much simpler systems and are difficult to scale. As system sizes are growing further, designing future cyber-physical systems is going to be even more challenging. Compositional design and compositional analysis have emerged as an effective means to address this challenge. Several interface models and interface computation methods have been developed, which can be used to analyze complex systems in an efficient manner. The existing theories provide a foundation for ensuring the timing guarantees of cyber-physical systems; however, they also have several important limitations. This position paper discusses open challenges in this domain, and it highlights several research directions towards a safe and resource-efficient compositional theory for cyber-physical systems.


The ultrosonic intensifying processing is applied in the HNO3 catalytic oxidation process,and combined with thiosulphate leching process of gold,a new hydrometallurgical technology for extracting gold from a refractory gold ore containing arsenic is proposed.Research results showed that by use of ultrasonic intensifying processing,the catalytic oxidation process is remarkably accelerated,the depressing effect of elementary sulphur on following extraction process of gold is alleviated,the reaction temperature is also decreased,and the leaching rate of gold is obviously increased.


"Immigration into the UK has increased in response to high labour demand in the recent past. This additional supply of labour has helped keep interest rates lower, and growth higher, than they might have been otherwise. The longer-term impact of higher immigration may be an increase in trend productivity growth. Although the evidence on such long-term economic effects is incomplete, there is no reason to believe market principles - or fundamental freedoms - are any less relevant when it comes to flows of people rather than goods or capital." Copyright (c) Institute of Economic Affairs 2005.


This article attempts to look at the pedagogical effects of the International Year of Disabled Persons more than three decades since the celebrations. The starting point for reflection is an article by A. Hulek, about the pedagogical effects of the International Year of Disabled Persons, which was published in vol. 4 of "The Pedagogical Quarterly".


The three major infectious diseases (AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis) and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs: 17 diseases) unevenly affect more people in developing countries and have been overlooked for research and development of new medicines for a long time. Recently, international organizations, national governments, and private sectors have established support organizations to research and develop innovative drugs for distribution to countries burdened by the three major infectious diseases and NTDs. Thanks to this support, international development of new medicine is progressing, and there are particularly high hopes for drug discovery from natural products. Ōmura and colleagues' 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine emphasized the importance of natural product drug discovery. Ivermectin (Fig. 1), a chemical derivative of avermectin produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis, was discovered by Ōmura et al. and has been developed as a treatment drug for nematode onchocerciasis and other diseases. In addition, Tu and colleagues isolated the malaria treatment drug artemisinin (Fig. 1) from a plant component. Both of these are utilized as highly effective, innovative new drugs. In this manuscript, from the standpoint of natural products, I will introduce the current state of the development of treatment drugs for tuberculosis, one of the three major infectious diseases of modern times. With over 9 million cases and 1.5 million deaths annually, tuberculosis is the deadliest known infectious disease. In the past, tuberculosis was also a severe problem in developed countries, which facilitated the development of many drugs. However, with the decline in the number of new patients, the research and development of new tuberculosis drugs has also diminished. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), against which current antituberculosis medicines are completely ineffective, have become widespread, partially due to the lack of new medicines in the past 40 years. In addition, coinfection with HIV is serious problem. There are over 35.3 million HIV-positive people worldwide, and of the 1.6 million who die of HIV annually, 25% suffer from combined tuberculosis/HIV infection. Tuberculosis and HIV treatments center on chemotherapy, where drug interactions are complex. Even though combination chemotherapy is available for the coinfection, the interaction of drugs for each infection makes the chemotherapy difficult. Thus, overcoming problematic drug interactions is a great challenge for treatment of tuberculosis/HIV coinfection.


'How sad a fate to be old, stiff and poor'. Deservingness in almshouse application letters by impoverished Brussels elderly ca. 1750-1800. This article offers a bottom-up perspective to the research on inclusion processes in poor relief in general and elderly care and almshouses in specific at the end of the Ancien Regime. By means of an extensive study of the application letters sent to the Brussels 'Twaalf Apostelen' almshouse between 1750 and 1800, the article examines how deservingness is anticipated by the elderly applicants and how it is argued in their discourses. In addition, the article offers insight into the mental framework of these elderly men surrounding coping strategies and channels through which care should or could be obtained. By doing this, the article examines to which extent processes of formalization during previous centuries influenced the mental framework of the elderly during the second half of the eighteenth century.


This article examines the causes of the different historical trajectories of US union membership in the private and public sectors, a topic relevant for understanding the link between unions and industrial democracy. The article focuses on the different legal contexts shaping membership in these two sectors, especially the role of right-to-work (RTW) and public sector collective bargaining (PSCB) laws. Using state-level data from 1984 to 2019, the study finds that RTW laws decrease, and PSCB laws increase union membership in both sectors, suggesting cross-over effects. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the prospects of expanding economic and industrial democracy.


Literature has permanent rules which rooted in the Way, Liuxie argued, works are valued according to the rules. The thinking of Sages accorded perfectly with literary rules, their works as Classics are the models of all time; the thinking of writer has not a fixed way, does not follow the rules necessarily. So it is the central topic how to make the unfixed thinking of writer accord with the rules. Liuxie maintained that writer should study and master literary rules, and let the rules guide the thinking in the creation process, but the rules are still outside the thinking in Liu's discussion. In the discourse of "Enlightenment" put forward in the Song Dynasty, the thinking and rules syncretize inherently, rules become the inner law of thinking. This is the new progress in the theory of relation between thinking and rules.


Durres (at various times in the past known as Epidamnos, Dyrrachium and Dyrrachion) lies on the Adriatic coast of Albania, c.35 km west of Tirana. The town has been continuously occupied, in some form or other, at least since the Archaic Greek period. Today it presents itself to the modern traveller arriving across the Adriatic as a busy and rapidly changing port. The relationship of the town with the sea has shaped its urban dynamic in ways which, as yet, are imperfectly understood. Modern Durres lies at the S tip of a peninsula c.10 km in length. The land to the northwest of the town is hilly, and this terrain extends as far as the ancient remains known as Porto Romano, c.7 km north of the town. The land northeast of the town is flat and low-lying, currently arable farmland criss-crossed by small irrigation canals (fig. 1). It was drained and reclaimed from marshland under the Communist régime. The overall impression of the topography around Durres (fig. 2) is that the area of high ground had once been an island, detached from the mainland or joined only by a sandbar, and that this relationship has fluctuated over time as a result of small seismic shifts, rising sea levels, and other factors. Any understanding of the town over time has to be placed against as accurate as possible an understanding of these and other features of what is a rapidly changing environment.


Citrus tristeza virus tolerant rootstocks grafted with Valencia oranges were compared in three different climatic areas. Yield results for 5 yr are presented. Other variables considered were: canopy volume, efficiency, percent juice, total soluble solids (TSS), acid, and TSSIacid ratio. From the preliminary results, the most promising rootstocks are Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo and Toyer citranges, Volkamer lemon, Swingle citrumelo and C i t m amblycarpa. The selection of a single rootstock is not feasible due to the different climatic and soil conditions in the three main production areas of the country. Index words. canopy, efficiency, disease. In Venezuela, citrus is the third most important fruit crop after bananas and plantains. There are about 40,000 ha grown and most were budded on sour orange rootstock. The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricidus, was first noted in 1976 (4) and the presence of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) had been known in Venezuela since 1960 (5). In 1980 the first severe outbreak of the disease occurred and now more than 4 million trees have been replanted with an estimated cost of $ US 25 million (1,2,3,4,6,7,8). One of the alternatives which has given good results in other countries is the use of tristeza-tolerant or resistant rootstocks. Several rootstocks have been evaluated in the different citrus-producing areas of the country to establish their adaptability, yield, fruit quality and stock-scion compatibility. Preliminary results of these experiments are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rootstock trials for Valencia oranges with a clone free from exocortis, cachexia and psorosis were carried out in three different areas (located approximately 10" 20' N lat. and 68" 30' W long.): At Yumare, Yaracuy State, at 70 m elevation with an average rainfall and temperature of 1,512 mm and 25 C, respectively. The soil is a silty clay loam with a pH of 7.3 and an organic matter content of 1.48%. In a second trial in the same area, the soil texture is sandy with a pH of 5.6 and an organic matter content of 0.14%. No irrigation is used. Tree spacing is 8 x 8 m. The second location is in Giiigiie, Carabobo State, at 468 m elevation with an average rainfall of 969 mm and average daily temperature of 25 C. The soil type is a clay loam with a pH of 7.4 and an organic matter content of 3.83%. Tree spacing is 7 x 7 m. The third location is a t Montalban, Carabobo State, at 690 m elevation, with an average rainfall and daily temperature of 969 mm and 22 C, respectively. The soil is clay with an organic matter content of 3.01% and a pH of 5.8. Tree spacing is 8 x 8 m. The age of the plants is 8 yr old. Weekly irrigation is used in locations 2 and 3 from January through April. A randomized complete block design was used in all experiments mentioned in this paper. There were 6 replications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The fruit yield of the 1986 crop at the three different locations is summarized in table 1. Volkamer lemon, Carrizo and Troyer citranges and C. amblycarpa showed the highest fruit production over several years (tables 1 and 2). Trees grafted on rough lemon, Swingle citrumelo, Cleopatra mandarin and C. taiwanica had lower TABLE 1 1986 FRUIT YIELD OF VALENCIA ORANGES GRAFTED TO TRISTEZA-TOLERANT ROOTSTOCKS AT SEVERAL LOCATIONS IN VENEZUELA


Objectives: The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of individual factors, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial behavior on the performance of MSMEs post the height of the Covid-19 pandemic.Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach and the data was obtained by a questionnaire with 170 respondents from Jakarta who run micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) and applies digitalization in their business process. Data were processed using the SEM-PLS program.Finding: The result shows that individual factors influence entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, environmental factors influence individual factors. However, individual factors don't significantly influence firm performance. Meanwhile individual and environmental factor mediates entrepreneurial behavior's positive influence on firm performance. Conclusion: This study concludes that many, not only internal but external factors play a key role in how certain MSMEs can cope and survive during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study also contributes to showcasing some of the responses to government involvement and digitalization coupled with the MSMEs' entrepreneurial behavior that can influence their performances.


Background: Transient (cid:2) 1 AR activation remains at odds with long lasting cellular and physiological responses. Results: The agonist-occupied (cid:2) 1 AR continuously signals to adenylyl cyclase (AC) to produce cAMP in both cardiac myocytes and neurons for more than 8 h, which is masked by receptor-associated PDE4D8. Conclusion: Stimulation of (cid:2) 1 AR induces long-lasting cAMP production in the heart for ligand-induced physiological responses. Significance: We show a novel mechanism to understand persistent (cid:2) 1 AR signaling in the heart.


For fast design of Rotman lens the symmetry plane is used to reduce the structure size, but solved twice. One solution with the symmetry plane as electrical wall and the second with magnetic wall are used. Then process the s-parammeters from both solution to obtain the s-parameters for the original lens for even or odd number of ports. A wideband Rotman lens for 6-18 GHz and beam scanning capability of ±37 is presented. The lens is used with wideband rectangular DRA array.


This paper describes the DeepSea Stereo Vision System which makes the use of high speed 3D images practical in many application domains. This system is based on the DeepSea processor, an ASIC, which computes absolute depth based on simultaneously captured left and right images with high frame rates, low latency, and low power. The chip is capable of running at 200 frames per second with 512x480 images, with only 13 scan lines latency between data input and first depth output. The DeepSea Stereo Vision System includes a stereo camera, onboard image rectification, and an interface to a general purpose processor over a PCI bus. We conclude by describing several applications implemented with the DeepSea system including person tracking, obstacle detection for autonomous navigation, and gesture recognition.


One of the key objectives of the Bologna process is the promotion of mobility of students among all participating countries. Currently about 150,000 students per year take part in the ERASMUS student exchange programme and the European Commission strives for a duplication of this number by 2011. But research findings show that there are opportunities for improvement of the support universities provide for mobile students. The European project VICTORIOUS conducted a large-scale study on ICT support and digital services for mobile students in Europe by means of questionnaires and student interviews. Almost 2400 students were asked about their experiences when studying abroad. Also more than 50 universities all over Europe provided information on how they support incoming and outgoing students by means of ICT. Based on those surveys recommendations have been formulated to all stakeholders in student mobility. The recently started European project VM-BASE builds further upon the results of the VICTORIOUS research. VM-BASE focuses on virtual activities, which can be used to prepare and follow-up the physical mobility of students to enrich the exchange and make it even more effective and fruitful. Examples are virtual preparatory and return initiatives and the support of teachers in coaching at a distance (e-coaching). The project thus aims at enhancing the impact and efficiency of the Erasmus programme through the set-up and support of a 'blended' Erasmus action. This article builds up a picture of digital services and support for European students available and presents the challenges of European universities based on the research and activities carried out by the above-mentioned projects. Both projects are part-funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture.


A novel nucleic acid amplification method, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, was developed and recently demonstrated detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in tissue samples. But slaughter of poultry for test samples is often faced with resentment by low-income farmers. This study was undertaken to determine the test properties of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in detection of NDV in clinical cases using cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs. Samples included 46 tracheal tissues, 94 cloacal and 107 oro-pharyngeal swabs from on-station and 30 spleens, 74 cloacal and 74 oro-pharyngeal swabs from the field. Analysis was done using specific RT-LAMP targeting the fusion (F) protein. While the method detected NDV from swab samples, no RNA of other poultry disease viruses was amplified, indicating analytical specificity of 100%. RT-LAMP took ≤36 minutes in 83% (n=329) of positive reactions with all samples amplified in


Electoral education of citizens is one of the pillars that support a viable democratic society. It helps to anchor in solid bases the political relation between the individual and civil society as well between state and the individual. It leads to greater political accountability of both voters and elected officials, increasing not only the degree of participation in elections, but also the voting quality. In the European context, it can contribute to building a true "people's Europe", in which citizens are not only formally involved in decision making, but also engaged in the very substance of pan-European political debate. Thus, electoral education can contribute to the achievement of a genuine European political society.In this study, we argue in favor of such a role of electoral education. For this purpose, we deal with the responsibility that different actors, whether institutional or belonging to civil society, must have in the citizens' political education. We also consider the importance of education in creating pan-European political debate issues, which could eventually lead to the emergence of real European political parties. Finally, we address the issue of political education in the context of electoral rights of European citizens who reside in another Member State.


Chimeric LRR-extensin proteins were identified that are involved in cell wall development. The proteins are exported to the extracellular matrix and their structure implies a regulatory and/or signalling function. A summary on the LRX gene family is presented and the possible roles of LRXs during plant development are discussed.


This paper looks at the impact AIDS is having and might have on trade and investment. There is limited research on the impact of HIV/AIDS generally but virtually none on the effect of the disease on trade and investment. This paper should be seen as preliminary think pieces. It sets out what we know; a framework for looking these impacts; and makes some suggestions as to what can be done. (excerpt)


The invention discloses a composite modifier for modifying highly-acidic tea-garden soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite modifier is prepared by blending an inorganic modifier and a cake fertilizer according to an optimum ratio. The optimum compounding mass ratio of the inorganic modifier and the cake fertilizer is in the scope of 8:5-8:8. The pH value of the highly-acidic tea-garden soil is 3.8-4.5, and the application amount of the composite modifier is 6459 Kg/ha-8209 Kg/ha (ha means hectare). The employed inorganic modifier and the cake fertilizer are convenient to obtain, and are capable of inhibiting and controlling soil acidity recovery with durable effect after being applied. Through compounding according to the optimum ratio, the modifier is capable of effectively reducing the acidity-regulating demanding amount of the inorganic modifier and enabling regulation to be mild, also is capable of inhibiting the disadvantage that the cake fertilizer accelerates acidity recovery, and also is capable of reducing negative influence caused by acidity regulation and rapidly substantially improving the quality of tea leaves.


Collaborative filtering is widely used in recommender systems. When training data are extremely sparse, neighbor selection methods work ineffectively. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributed representation model that represents users as low-dimensional vectors for neighbor selection by considering the chronological order of users' ratings. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods solving the sparsity problem with regard to precision and ranking quality.


Summary This case study describes the structure of gaps in a montane forest in Sierra de Lema, Bolivar State, Venezuela. The sizes of the gaps were measured in the forest canopy (canopy gaps) and at ground level (extended gaps), and the corresponding micro habitats assessed. The trees involved in the formation of gaps were recorded, and their basal areas and volumes calculated. a distinction was made between gap makers and those trees that were brought down by gap makers. The mode of fall was record ed for all fallen trees. The main gap formation mode was the up rooting of trees, bringing about multiple tree-falls. The gap sizes observed (canopy gaps: 31-896m², extended gaps: 83-1235m²) were 30-90% larger than those reported for most tropical forests. Gap formation resulted in a loss to the basal area and volume of the stand of ~5.8 and ~0.5%, respectively. Canopy gaps occupied 1.4% of the forest area, which is in the range reported for tropi cal forests. The microhabitat 'undisturbed ground' accounted for the largest area within the gaps. The predominance of uproot ing as a cause of gap formation in the forests of the Sierra de Lema was probably due to the superficial rooting of the trees. The larger gap area is explained by the frequent occurrence of multiple tree-falls. From the large gap sizes and the high pro portion of undisturbed ground in the gaps, high survival rates of advanced regeneration, and of numerous new maidens of pioneer species, might reasonably be expected.


The production of complement was investigated using a modification of Jerne's haemolytic plaque technique. Guinea-pig spleen and bone marrow cells were suspended in layers of agarose containing, as indicator cells, sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) or intermediate products consisting of EA and some of the components of complement. R reagents or serum, in which certain components of the C′3 complex had been inactivated, were added after incubation. No plaque formation due to release of complement components was observed. Bone marrow and spleen cells produced plaques when incubated with sensitized or non-sensitized erythrocytes and a reagent containing cobra venom.

A method was developed for the preparation of thin films of agarose in which tissue cells and erythrocytes were suspended in a single cell layer. Single cells and clumps of cells present in the peritoneal exudate of normal guinea-pigs produced plaques when incubated with EA or EAC′4 and R1. Occasionally, similar clumps of cells also produced plaques with EA or EAC′1 and R4. The plaque-forming cells appeared to be macrophages. Plaques were not detected with R2 or R3.

No plaques were produced by spleen cells under similar experimental conditions. Bone marrow cells produced plaques with both sensitized and non-sensitized erythrocytes after prolonged incubation.

Optimal plaque formation occurred when R1 or R4 was added before incubation. Plaques were not produced if the tissue cells were pre-incubated in suspension cultures for 2 hours or longer before plating. Treatment of the peritoneal exudate cells with KCN or with dinitrophenol prevented plaque formation.


The author introduces a test system of novel high power electronic device and explains the composition and test capacity of the system in detail in this paper.According to the novel power electronic device test system functional requirements,the test system is divided into 3 functional test areas of power compensation test area,frequency test area,rectifying test area.Every experimental zone can meet all kinds of novel high power electronic device factory test and type test.Engineering practice has proved that,the novel power electronic device test system hardware structure is of high reliability,convenient operation and higher measuring precision,can meet the needs of practical application.


This study presents a methodology for identifying a broad range of real-world news events based on microblogging messages. Applying computational linguistics to a unique dataset of more than 400,000 S&P 500 stock-related Twitter messages, we distinguish between good and bad news and demonstrate that the returns prior to good news events are more pronounced than for bad news events. We show that the stock market impact of news events differs substantially across different categories.


Objective To investigate the effect of Qindan Capsule(QD) on expression of vascular wall collagen Ⅰin old spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs),and further research into the mechanism of vascular remodeling.Methods Thirty-two 40 week old SHRs were divided into the model group(SHR group),the QD high dosage group(SHR+QDH group),the QD low dosage group(SHR+QDL group),and the losartan group(SHR+Los group).At the same time,16 Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats at the same age were the normal control group(WKY control group)and the QD group(WKY+QD group).All rats were administered with corresponding drugs or normal saline.After 12 weeks,the level of collagenⅠ in the thoracic aorta was detected by immunohistochemical staining,and mRNA expression of collagenⅠ in the thoracic aortic wall was analyzed by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR.Results The order in expression of collagen Ⅰfrom low to high was as follows: WKY control group,WKY+QD group,losartan group,QD high dosage group,QD low dosage group,and the model group.Compared with the normal control group,expression of collagenⅠ in the QD group was reduced(P0.05).The difference in the reduction of expression of collagenⅠbetween the QD high dosage group and the losartan group was inconspicuous(P0.05).Conclusions QD could lower and inhibit expression of collagen Ⅰin the thoracic aortic wall,and modify collagen remodeling.Also,it could suppressand even reverse thoracic aorta vascular remodeling.


Today's automotive audio components have to meet high quality expectations with ever-decreasing development costs. Predictive methods for the performance of sound systems in view of the optimal locations of loudspeakers in a car can help to overcome this challenge. This article describes a number of sound-field simulation tools to model the acoustic and vibro-acoustic aspects that come into play when transducers are mounted into small areas such as passenger compartment and door cavities. Examples are shown how FEM software can predict the acoustic modes of passenger compartments and door cavities. Automatic volume meshers are key to the success of the Acoustic FEM solutions. Vibro-acoustic effects, such as speaker membrane vibrations coupled with door cavity acoustic pressures and vibrations on the door trim can be taken into account using coupled structural and acoustic FEM and BEM formulations. Also fast-multipole BEM is used to boost the realistic frequency range up to 5000 Hz and higher. For very-high-frequency modeling (above 5000 Hz), beam-tracing algorithms based on principles of ray acoustics can be deployed to synthesize binaural impulse responses and deriving IACC-index maps. Aspects of absorbent material properties (complex acoustic impedance) and speaker characterization (velocities) are discussed. Driven by customers who spend a lot of time in their cars, automakers challenge their infotainment departments and audio suppliers with an ever-increasing demand on abundant audio and multimedia applications inside vehicles, such as high-fidelity sur round systems, Bluetooth phone communication, audio-assisted navigation systems, or voice-operated control systems. How does one design and optimize all passive and active components that influence in-vehicle acoustic comfort? And how to do this in compressed development time, preferable early in the vehicle development cycle, so not to compromise quality and cost? This article discusses some of the predictive methods that aim to reduce development time and increase in-vehicle audio sound quality by means of sound-field simulation software. 2


This paper investigates how a mixed-methods approach to measuring social capital can be used in urban planning contexts to enhance best practice outcomes. Literature in the disciplines of social capital, health, participation, resilience and sustainable development suggest that strong social capital at the neighbourhood scale can increase community cohesion, trust, reciprocity, community capacity, civic participation and resilience. Exploring how bonding, bridging and linking social capital is expressed in a middle class coastal community on the Sunshine Coast, South East Queensland, Australia, a mixed methods approach to measuring social capital found that the benefits of qualitative methods in particular provided an in-depth and contextualised understanding of social capital at the neighbourhood unit of analysis. Further, social capital is a fluid construct, where growth in one dimension of social capital, such as bonding capital, can contribute to growth in bridging social capital, and vice versa. We contend that while social capital is often invoked in an urban planning context to identify socio-economic inequities, the social capital construct, and comprehensive measurement of same, holds far greater opportunities for planners and developers to foster social capital growth and to give direction to the potential priorities in a neighbourhood, relevant to the local residents and the local context.


During childhood, myopia is typically treated with glasses or contact lenses. Refractive surgery, such as LASIK, is typically used in adults once the refractive error has stabilized. In progressive myopia, the near-sightedness often begins in early childhood, and worsens through adolescence. Many patients and families inquire about why progressive myopia occurs and want to know ways to slow down progression of high myopia.


PurposeThe emergence of COVID-19 and its spread led to severe social, economic and livelihood impacts around the world. This study documented the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 outbreaks and lockdown on the lower-income groups. Also illustrated the impacts on the attainment of SDGs in the context of the slums of Chittagong City.Design/methodology/approachBoth qualitative and quantitative data have been collected from the 150 respondents through questionnaire surveys in the slums.FindingsThe lockdown led to the decrease of 90% of the respondents' income level and affected the livelihoods of 97.33% of the respondents, with an overall score of 3.22 ± 0.67 on a four-point Likert-type scale. About 96.67% of respondents' psychological conditions have been affected high to extreme, with an overall score of 3.19 ± 0.68. The pandemic affected 74.67% of respondents' food habits, 95.33% of respondents' child education, increased domestic violence and deteriorated social security, basic service facilities and hygiene practices among the slum dwellers. The severity of COVID-19 outbreaks on the lower-income people makes it critical for the government to attain the SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 5 (Target 5.1, 5.2) SDG 6 and SDG 16.Originality/valueThe findings of the study will help governments, policymakers, international organizations to adopt measures to mitigate the effects of the outbreaks.


The title coordination polymer, {[Ni3Na(OH)(C9H3O6)2(H2O)11]·1.5H2O}n, is built up from three independent NiII ions and one NaI cation bridged by benzene-2,4,6-tricarboxylate (BTC) ligands and water molecules. Three NiII ions are bridged by three bidentate carboxylate groups of three BTC ligands, two aqua ligands and one OH− unit, to form a trinuclear metal cluster. The NaI cation is bonded to the NiII cluster by two bridging water molecules. One of the three BTC ligands bridges neighbouring clusters into one-dimensional chains, which are further connected through a complex hydrogen-bonding scheme, forming a three-dimensional suprastructure. The title complex is isomorphous with the previously reported CoII complex.


In the present paper, numerical study of flow and heat transfer properties of RP-3 kerosene at liquid and supercritical conditions in an impingement model is conducted with renormalization group (RNG) k−ε turbulence model and a ten-species surrogate of kerosene. The independence of grids is first studied, and the numerical results are compared with experimental data for validation. Characteristics of flow and heat transfer of kerosene flow in the impingement model are studied with different inlet mass flow rates and different inlet temperatures. The velocity and temperature field show similar profile compared to that of air impingement. The heat transfer rates increase first with the increasing of inlet temperature and then decrease suddenly when the inlet temperature is 500 K.


scanners (per million population) are similar in Australia to those in most developed countries (except for U.S.A. and Japan, which have many more of both). What is different in Australia is the greater distance between many primary surgeons and the specialist units. What evidence is there for the assertion that head injured patients frequently sustain a second episode of brain damage after the impact-and that this can often be prevented by more expeditious medical care? The Glasgow studies have shown that onethird of patients dying after head injury in a neurosurgical unit talked at some time since injury-evidence that the impact damage was not overwhelming.' In two-thirds of these cases (and in half of all neurosurgical deaths) it was considered that one or more potentially preventable factors had contributed to death.' 4 These factors related to intracranial complications in two-thirds of cases-usually delayed or inappropriate management of intracranial haematoma, of intracranial infection or of status epilepticus. Extracranial factors were related either to multiple injuries and their complications, or to the consequences of the comatose state; these included hypoxia, hypotension, anaemia and hypercarbia. An American study has confirmed the frequency of these factors" 6 and has emphasized that they threaten to aggravate the brain damage already caused by head injury. War is a stern teacher, and doctors learn much about the management of trauma on the battlefield. Too often these lessons fail to be adapted and adopted in civilian life. What was found with combat injuries of the head was that results were much better when front-line care was limited to first aid, and every effort was then made to ensure early evacuation to neurosurgical units in base hospitals. In Australia a disproportionate number of head injuries (and of deaths from such injuries) occur in rural areas, where general practitioners and surgeons have a commendable independence, on the basis that distance often makes transfer to specialized regional units impractical. However, it may be timely, in the light of improved methods of retrieval and transportation of the severely injured, to reconsider the policy of "going it alone" with those head injured patients whose chances of survival, and of recovery without disability, may be greater if they are treated by specialists. Information about the frequency and geographical distribution of injuries of varying severities is needed before plans for their care can be made. Epidemiological surveys of head injuries have recently been initiated in several countries, as it has been realized that head injuries constitute a major health problem. A nationwide study in Scotland (with a population of five million) has set the style for such studies;7·' a similar ones are now being carried out in selected populations in the U.S.A. and one is being completed in New South Wales under the auspices of the Australian Neurological Foundation. What is striking about the comparison between the preliminary results of these studies is how similar the pattern of head injuries is in such different geographical settings; most local variations depend more on differences in the organization of care than on biological factors. Such surveys provide a proper basis for initiating discussions between neurosurgeons, primary surgeons, general practitioners and administrators about planning for the care of head injuries. Much could be done to reduce mortality and morbidity by the reorganization of existing facilities, without the need for major expenditure or new facilities. What is required is definition of the problem, agreement about the way to deal with it, and then education and exhortation to ensure that everyone concerned knows the rules of the game. The aim is to identify soon after injury those patients who have risk factors for secondary complications, and then to have such patients transferred rapidly to centres able to cope with the investigation and treatment of these


Objective To investigate the efficacy of acupoint application of stomach-invigorating powder in preventing post-stroke constipation. Method Sixty stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The observation group of 30 patients received acupoint application of stomach-invigorating powder and the control group of 30 cases, routine nursing. Result The occurrence rate of constipation was 10.0% in the observation group and 33.3% in the control group. The incidence of constipation was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion Acupoint application of stomach-invigorating powder can effectively prevent post-stroke constipation.


Dental roentgenograms have assumed increasing importance as an aid in diagnosis of general systemic diseases. Not only have they enabled the dentist to uncover dental pathologic conditions but also have aided in the recognition of primary lesions in the bones of the mandible and maxilla as well as the early manifestations of a generalized systemic disturbance. Not infrequently dental x-ray findings are an aid to the internist in establishing a tentative diagnosis. Paget's disease (1), Schililer-Christian's disease (2), parathyroid tumors (3), and coarctation of the aorta (4), are some of the diseases which have been detected by means of the dental intra-oral films. Since the dentist employs the x-ray almost routinely he is in the position to detect diseases of bone of systemic origin. Schroff (5) in taking routine roentgenograms of the teeth discovered the first evidence of SchullerChristian's disease in the mandible of a patient who was otherwise asymptomatic. Here for the first time, intra-oral x-ray signs of Gaucher's disease are described. Gaucher's disease was first described as "Epithelioma de la Rate" by Gaucher (6) in 1882. This disease is one of a group usually described under the general heading of xanthomatoses. Belonging to this group are the following: Gaucher's disease, Neiman-Pick disease, Schiiller-Christian's disease, Tay-Sach's disease and xanthomatoses of skin. That each one of these diseases is due to a disturbance of lipoid or fat metabolism has been shown by Epstein and Lorenz (7). Leib (8) identified the lipoid at fault in Gaucher's disease, one of the cerebrosids, and called it kerasin. According to Pick (9), kerasin is stored in foam cells of the reticulo-endothelial


Satellite-derived nighttime light (NTL) data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Luojia1-01 (LJ1-01) have been widely used in multiple urban aspects. However, the inconsistency in NTL intensity (the same spatial coverage and month) between the two sensors impedes their integration on finer scales. To alleviate this issue, a novel model was developed to simulate LJ1-01-like NTL in March 2019, considering Guangzhou main city as the study area, Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Huizhou as validation cities to confirm the spatial simulation ability of the model. First, the spatial features originated from VIIRS NTL and geographical data to enhance the prior spatial information for NTL. Second, the temporal features were derived from the VIIRS NTL time series between 2018 and 2020, such as interannual and intra-annual trends, to describe the temporal fluctuation of NTL. Third, a spatial-temporal residuals correction random forest (STRCRF) regression model was proposed to generate LJ1-01-like NTL validation with ten-fold cross-validation (CV). It established the nonlinear relationship between LJ1-01 NTL intensity and spatial-temporal features at the pixel level. It generated LJ1-01-like NTL data with a CV-R2 of 0.982 and a CV-RMSE of 3469. The validation accuracy with R2 ranged from 0.918 to 0.945, and RMSE varied from 4139 to 7298 in Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Huizhou. The evaluations of LJ1-01-like NTL based on the statistic analyses, spatial patterns, and profile analyses indicated the effectiveness of the STRCRF model in improving NTL intensity consistency at the pixel and landscape level. Moreover, the STRCRF model outperformed the previous related studies and improved the CV-R2 by 0.4. Our approach offers the potential for simulating LJ1-01-like NTL by taking advantage of the prior spatial and temporal information and the ensemble regression with residuals correction. This method could contribute to a higher quality NTL dataset for mapping human activities and monitoring the urban environment.


Theory plays a fundamental role in scientific research and discipline development.However,theory development in management discipline has experienced a rather slow progress among the last 30 years.The present study concludes that the current problems to some extent stem from an inappropriate understanding of theory.In the process of scientific development,the mission of theory is to correctly explain and predict the research object,and provide guidance to related social practices.With respect to the nature of theory,this paper adopts Hempel's definition of theory.Our literature review indicates that mainstream management literature has widely misunderstood the nature of theory.Accordingly,the theoretical contributions in academic studies are not sufficient to promote the development of management discipline.In conclusion,with intention to advance theory development,the management community needs to correctly understand the mission and nature of scientific theory.Implications on developing management theory are discussed at the end of this paper.


For centuries, biologists have studied salamanders that can regrow entire new limbs after amputation. Flatworms, when beheaded, grow a new head from the beheaded corpse (and the severed head grows a new body).1 All species, from bacteria to plants to animals, can regenerate to some degree, and it has been said that without regeneration, there could be no life.2 In fact, humans regenerate many of their tissues, including skin, blood, liver, and intestinal mucosa, routinely, efficiently, and often perfectly. Skeletal muscle regenerates remarkably well; every time we strain a muscle, muscle stem cells repair the injury, and this is a key component of the conditioning associated with exercise training. But the adult human heart appears to have little of the regenerative ability of our skeletal muscles. The challenge of this limitation has triggered considerable enthusiasm in using different types of stem cells to repair failing human hearts. We will not review this substantial effort in human cardiac cell therapy, because expert reviews have been published recently.3–5 Here, we attempt to predict where regenerative biology and its translational discipline, regenerative medicine, will take us in the future, with a focus on cardiovascular medicine.

Regenerative biology has many definitions, but a simple one is the study of how organisms replace lost or damaged tissue with new tissue. We are now entering an era where regenerative biology is turning from science fiction into science, with realistic regenerative medical applications beginning to emerge. This change is based on a broader and more fundamental understanding of cell biology, and this new view has laid a foundation for the potential repair of organs that were previously viewed as being incapable of regeneration or even modest repair. The explosion of interest in regenerating diseased hearts and other organs is being fueled by …


ABSTRACT To analyse the effects of solute elements on formation of MnS in the micro-alloyed non-tempered steel, a novel coupling model of micro-segregation and MnS precipitation during solidification was built using the finite-difference method. Non-tempered 49MnVS3 steel was used to detect the effects of concentrations of elements on the precipitation behaviour of MnS. The results show that with contents of Mn at 0.05∼2%, S at 0.001∼0.3%, Si at 0.3∼0.7%, P at 0.001∼0.05%, C at 0.05∼1.0%, the precipitation temperature of MnS raised from 1360 to 1432°C, 1397 to 1447°C, 1425 to 1418°C, 1425 to 1418°C, dropped from 1488 to 1358°C, and its precipitation solidification ratio dropped from 1 to 0.785, 1 to 0.51, 0.883 to 0.866, 0.88 to 0.86, 0.96 to 0.77, respectively; the observed temperature of MnS by HT-SM was 1427.2°C, close to the calculated temperature of 1420.6°C by the proposed the diffusion control growth model.


The crystallization of polyisoprene, vulcanized to various degrees of cure with tetramethylthiuram disulfide/sulfur and 2-bisbenzothiazole-2,2′-disulfide (MBTS)/sulfur formulations, was studied in a density column at −25°C. The densities of vulcanizates before crystallization decrease progressively with cure time, which is ascribed to an increase in free volume occasioned by the formation of accelerator-terminated pendent groups on the polymer chain. The induction period before the onset of crystallization increases and both the rate of and the degree of crystallization decrease with extent of cure. This is attributed primarily to the presence of residual pendent groups on the polymer chain and secondly to crosslink formation. The changes are more marked with MBTS formulations where pendent groups are more bulky. MBTS compounds fail to crystallize once vulcanized to the point where a gel has formed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2565–2572, 2001


Objective:To discuss the correlation of carotid artery stenosis and blocking with cerebral perfusion reduction on 256 spiral CT.Methods:76 patients underwent joint inspection of CTA and CTP.We selected the patients with no carotid artery stenosis as control group according to CTA images,the remaining patients were divided into three levels: mild,moderate and severe according to the degree of carotid artery stenosis,and each level was analysed,independently.All patients were selected the interest region to process image measurements of CBV,CBF,MTT,TTP.We contrasted the lesion side and uninjured side of patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis and contrasted the patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis by t test.Results:There were 15 cases patients with no carotid artery stenosis,the value of CBV CBF MTT TTP were(watershed area 2.5±0.6;38±12;5.4±0.6;21±6 basal ganglia 5.5±0.4;95±15;3.2±1.1;20 ±5).There were 33 cases with unilateral carotid artery stenosis.Among these,there were 12 cases with mild to moderate stenosis,and no statistically difference of each CBV,CBF,MTT,TTP(P0.05).There were 9 cases with severe stenosis,in watershed area there were high statistically differences of CBF,MTT(P 0.01),statistically difference of TTP(P0.05),no statistically difference of CBV(P0.05).In basal ganglia,there were high statistically difference of MTT(P0.01),statistically difference of CBF(P0.05),no statistically differences of CBV,TTP(P0.05).There were 28 cases patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis.There were 11 patients with severe stenosis,and statistically difference of CBF,MTT(P0.05).Conclusion:Affected by collateral circulation and other factors,there is correlation of internal severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion with the blood perfusion reduction,but no apparent correlation of mild to moderate stenosis with cerebral perfusion reduction.


It was previously reported that the proteolytic activity of virus-diseased tissues is higher than that of healthy ones, and that proteases in worms are strengthened by the artificial means which have the ability to induce the polyhedrosis. In the present study I found that the part of activated protease can not be separated by fractionating enzyme preparations with various reagents.


—Velocity estimation of high-speed targets is very important for target detection, identification and imaging. It is difficult to apply the traditional Doppler velocity method into estimation of high speed targets, since the target echoes may not locate at the same range bin, and the Doppler velocity is seriously ambiguous. Currently a wideband cross-correlation method is widely utilized to estimate the velocity. However, the measurement accuracy is limited by the sampling interval. An improved cross-correlation velocity measurement method based on the fractional delay estimation is proposed in this paper, and simulations are carried out. The results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is within 1m/s in the situation of wideband. The proposed method breaks through the limitation of integer sampling interval, and results in higher estimation accuracy.


In order to solve the lack of energy sources, researchers devote themselves to the study of green renewable and economical supercapacitors. We demonstrate herein that the α-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates/graphene composites are fabricated as active electrodes in supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability, high energy density, and power density. The advantages of graphene can complement the shortcomings of α-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates to compose a novel composite. The α-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates/graphene composite presents a high specific capacitance of 1954 F g–1 at 5 A g–1. The reason for the improving performance is attributed to graphene, which provides an improved conductivity and increased specific surface area by interweaving with α-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates. It is particularly worth mentioning that the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor cells yield a high specific capacitance of 309 F g–1 at 5 A g–1 and light a 2 V LED sustainable for about 7 min, which may bring great prospects for further fundamental research and potential...


In China,we will face many troubles when carring on community policing.Community policing is not only extension of public security,but also the use of public security resoures,so we should try to probe the way and direction of resolving community policing by using the sociale xchange theory.What's more,from the beginning of reference possibility of social exchange theory to community policing,it is a new attempt to farther think about the usable conditions of social exchange theory.


This research is motivated by the lack of speaking skills fifth grade students at SDN 26 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman district. This is because students do not pay attention to the teacher in providing the materials so that the students' speaking skills are low. The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of students' speaking skills class V in learning Indonesian model Time Token in SD Negeri 26 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman district. This research is a classroom action research, with the subject of fifth grade students of SDN 26 Batang Anai, totaling 26 students. The research was conducted in the second semester of the 2015/2016 Academic Year. The research instrument used is the observation sheet sheet activities of teachers and students' speaking skills assessment tests Indonesian through the model Time Token class V is progressing well. Based on the results of research, assessment tests students' speaking skills in the first cycle increase in cycle II 75.63 into 92.30. This means learning Indonesian through the model Time Token can enhance students' speaking skills class V SDN Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman district. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the model Time Token can enhance students' speaking skills class V SDN 26 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman district. Keywords: improvement, speaking skills, models Time Token, Indonesian


The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a screening instrument. The sample contained 496 elementary children from the rural southeast. Properties of the Teacher, Parent, and Student Forms of the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System were examined. Results indicated that all forms had high levels of internal consistency. There were low to moderate correlations between the Teacher Form and reading, behavior, and attendance variables. The Parent Form was significantly correlated with attendance and reading. The Student Forms were significantly correlated with office discipline referrals, attendance, and reading. The Teacher Form identified 28% of students as being at-risk (elevated or extremely elevated), followed by 20% and 32% on the Parent and Student Forms, respectively. The risk groups were significantly different in terms of attendance, behavior, and achievement. However, interrater agreement regarding risk status across different raters was low. All forms demonstrated low positive predictive power and low to moderate sensitivity relative to an outcome of office discipline referrals but did show reasonably strong negative predictive power and specificity. Future directions for research are presented.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the nonlinear torsional flutter of a long-span suspension bridge with a double-deck truss girder. First, the characteristics of nonlinear flutter are stu...


Recently, due to the popularity of wireless communication services, more and more access points (APs) are being extensively deployed to service an ever-increasing number of mobile stations (STAs). In such dense scenarios, unsystematic co-channel deployment may lead to poor network performance. The latest wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11ax standard intends to improve spatial reuse to enhance the overall throughput in dense scenarios and thus accommodate increased mobile traffic. However, aggressively enhancing spatial reuse may increase the collision probability rather than improve throughput. In this study, we propose a novel dynamic sensitivity control (DSC) algorithm to improve spatial reuse while mitigating collisions caused by multi-transmission. The achieved trade-off between spatial reuse and collisions yields a throughput gain of 11% using DSC. Keywords—Collision mitigation, dynamic sensitivity control, IEEE802.11ax, spatial reuse.


The elongation prediction of strips in furnace is extremely important in annealing process, which determines the quality and yield of product [1, 2]. Furthermore, the safety of airknife also depends on the prediction accuracy [3, 4]. Thus, the optimal soft-sensing method is proposed based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and optimized weighted least squares support vector machine (WLSSVM) by immune clone particle swarm optimization (ICPSO). Avoiding the particles are easy to sink into premature convergence and run into local optimization in the iterative process by using ICPSO , which generated by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the ICPSO is also used to optimize the parameters of WLSSVM. Then, the method uses KPCA to denoise the input data set and capture the high-dimensional nonlinear principal components in input data space, and the principal components are input into the ICPSO-WLSSVM model to establish the softsensing prediction model. The proposed method is successfully applied in the strip elongation prediction in annealing furnace. The simulations show that the KPCA and ICPSO-WLSSVM model has higher prediction accuracy compared with other algorithms that verified with production data. Keywords-kernel principal component analysis; strip elongation; immune clone particle swarm optimization; least squares support vector machine; soft-sensing


The question of how causal effects are transmitted is fascinating and inevitably arises whenever experiments are presented. Social scientists cannot be faulted for taking a lively interest in "mediation," the process by which causal influences are transmitted. However, social scientists frequently underestimate the difficulty of establishing causal pathways in a rigorous empirical manner. We argue that the statistical methods currently used to study mediation are flawed and that even sophisticated experimental designs cannot speak to questions of mediation without the aid of strong assumptions. The study of mediation is more demanding than most social scientists suppose and requires not one experimental study but rather an extensive program of experimental research.


The finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method in the two‐dimensional (2‐D) spherical coordinate system was used to compute waveforms of vertical electric field on the ground surface at distances of 280, 450 and 958 km produced by negative lightning return strokes. The use of the FDTD method in the 2‐D spherical coordinate system allowed us to represent the Earth's curvature. Note that the flat‐ground approximation is inadequate beyond a distance of 300 km or so. The lightning source was represented by the modified transmission‐line model with linear current decay with height (MTLL model). The conductivity of the atmosphere was assumed to increase exponentially with height. Skywaves (reflections from the ionosphere) were identified in computed waveforms and used for the estimation of apparent ionospheric reflection height. It was found that our model better reproduces the electric field waveforms measured at distances of up to about 1000 km by Qin et al. (2017) than the flat‐ground model. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Quality requirements of industrial software are very high and the correctness of the source code is of great importance for this purpose. For this reason, the objective of QUALIMET (ESSI Project 23982) is to improve the software development process, introducing a set of style norms to be used when coding in C++, defining a set of metrics to be used on the source code in order to check its quality and testing this approach in a baseline project. The paper presents the work that is being carried out under this project It is expected that at the end of QUALIMET, the incorporation of these quality assurance techniques into the current methodology for developing software, will allow to have a complete methodology that guarantees software product quality, minimising the complexity of the code earlier in the programming process, yielding more maintainable and less error-prone software and improving the quality of the software and the satisfaction of customers.


Arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (923 K, 10 d or 1073 K, 60 d) is used in combination with electron probe microscopy and powder XRD to evaluate the phase relations in isothermal sections of the Cu—Ge—Ti ternary system (20 and 15 three-phase regions at 923 and 1073 K, respectively).


Hybrid performance may be affected by the T. timopheevi nucleo-cytoplasmic system for producing hybrid wheat. Its effects were investigated in three experiments which compared the same hybrid genotype produced either in T. aestivum cytoplasm or in T. timopheevi cytoplasm. Few consistent differences were found between the two hybrids. The only significant difference in grain yield was associated with a significantly reduced seed set in the T. timopheevi hybrid, and suggested a likely effect of location on the degree of fertility restoration achieved. The T. timopheevi nucleo-cytoplasmic system appeared to reduce plant stand and test weight, but to improve flour colour and flour protein content relative to the T. aestivum hybrid.


Nowadays there are multiple resources that exist in the field of digital imaging to study biological systems. Processing techniques and digital image analysis are being placed in scientific activity in all fields of biology, especially in microbiology. The morphometry of the yeast, microorganisms that can reproduce by budding under certain conditions, has been investigated in recent years as it reports on the status of populations and their productive capacity. In a previous experimental project, a set of digital images were taken from Saccharomyces (cerevisiae) bayanus DV10 growing in two different mediums, aerobic and microaerophilic, and in different time points of the phases of population growth. These images need to be processed and analyzed in depth to get the information they contain. This project was carried out the treatment of these digital images with the free program (Fiji) ImageJ and a protocol analysis has been established, processing 7694 cells under aerobic growth and 2371 cells under microaerophilic growth. To determine the kinetic parameters and the time between changes of phase (lag to exponential, and exponential to stationary) the piecewise linear model of Buchanan for microbial growth has been adjusted to the different temporal evolution of the number of cells of the populations of different experiments. For all yeast cells analyzed were obtained values of different selected morphological parameters: area, perimeter, major diameter, minor diameter, circularity and elongation, and the results have statistically analyzed by growth phases and according to budding state. Numerical and graphical descriptions have done in order to characterize the different stages of growth and budding state in the different experimental conditions. Parameters or parameter combinations have established to know which are most useful for discrimination by state according to budding and growth phase, in both growth conditions.


Submitted for the APR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Undergraduate Research in Experimental Granular Physics DUSTIN KIMBLE, JON BOUGIE, Loyola University Chicago — I will present an ongoing undergraduate experimental research project in granular physics. I am an active part in an undergraduate research team that is investigating the selforganization of granular media. Using a modified subwoofer, I have built an apparatus to fluidize grains so that granular phenomena can be examined. When shaken vertically and sinusoidally, grains self-organize into patterns such as squares, stripes, and hexagons. Future investigations of other granular phenomena will also be discussed. Finally, this project illustrates the importance of undergraduate research and of student initiative in establishing research opportunities.


This Article begins with an overview of the ecology of the Guarani Aquifer region before turning to the legal and ecological problems it faces. Because the majority of the Guarani Aquifer underlies Brazil (with the rest residing below Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay), the laws and policies of Brazil have a significant managerial impact. Consequently, the Brazilian legal regime forms the focus of the first Part of the Article. The Article then analyzes the international transboundary framework before turning to the recently enacted Agreement on the Guarani Aquifer. This Agreement, signed but not yet ratified by four countries, represents a major step forward in transnational cooperation. However, its language is so broad that it elides some of the principal management challenges facing this and all transboundary aquifers. The Article then looks at the legal and policy issues that local environmental problems and climate change present for the management of the aquifer and recommends a management and dispute resolution strategy based on the notion of "equitable apportionment." The complexity and environmental importance of the region, as well as the looming threats presented by climate change, make the need for accurate and detailed scientific and technical information urgent and  Professor of Law, Pace Law School; Class of 1946 Distinguished Visiting Professor of Environmental Studies, Williams College; Visiting Professor, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Director, Brazil-American Institute for Law & Environment (BAILE). E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.  Academic Coordinator of the Research Program on Law & the Environment and Professor-Researcher, FGV Law School in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Director, BrazilAmerican Institute for Law & Environment (BAILE). E-mail: email@example.com.


The speech stimuli for this experiment were derived from two sentences, each containing the words free criminals. In one sentence, the words free criminals occurred intraphrase and in the other sentence they occurred interphrase. The vowel duration in free and the silent interval preceding criminals were systematically and independently varied. Vowel durations of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 msec were paired with silent intervals of 0, 50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 msec. Subjects were asked to make direct magnitude estimates of the silent interval duration between free and criminals. Power‐law scaling exponents for judgments versus vowel duration and silent interval duration were 0.29 and 0.48, respectively. The above experimental procedure was repeated in two experiments using nonspeech stimuli with temporal characteristics similar to the two sentences. In particular, the silent interval to be estimated occurred between two 1000‐Hz tones. In Experiment 1 the duration of the tone preceding the silent int...


The focus of this research is the development of human resources in the Library of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. This study aims to examine the human resource needs in the library based on the workload of library services. Workload analysis and the service quality are used as the research methods. The Workload Analysis is measured using performance indicators in five areas/coordinators in the organizational structure of the library and the service quality use five indicators/dimensions of sevice quality that have been developed from SERVQUAL. The finding suggests that there is a gap between the human resource needs with the workload and the service quality. Based on the result, the analysis can be used as a guideline in satisfying the human resource needs in the Library of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang.


A broad satire, ridiculing all of the candidates in the 1848 presidential campaign. Swimming up "Salt River" and pulling the "Salt River Barge" is fox Martin van Buren. Seated in the barge are (left to right): Zachary Taylor, Taylor running mate Millard Fillmore, Henry Clay, Democratic vice presidential candidate William O. Butler, and presidential candidate Lewis Cass. Seated in the front of the boat and looking ahead through a spyglass, Taylor observes, "I say, Fillmore, I don't see anything ahead yonder that looks like the White House. The coast is very low & well adapted to Salt Works." Cass, at the tiller, says, "This boat carries Cesar and his fortunes. It cannot fail to arrive at its place of destination."
Entered . . . 1848 by J. Baillie.
Published by James Baillie, 87th St. near 3rd Avenue, N.Y.
Signed with monogram: H.B. (H. Bucholzer).
Title appears as it is written on the item.
Weitenkampf, p. 97.
Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)
Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1848-28.


HE administration of blood and its components can be life-saving, particularly during resuscitation in trauma patients when blood loss can be severe enough to result in cellular hypoxia.1 Also, during other critical illness such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, especially if the patient is septic with significant acute lung injury, blood is administered to augment oxygen delivery to avoid cellular hypoxia and lactate production. 2 Even though there are risks following blood transfusions, the benefits seem to be insurmountable 3 (Table 1). Despite this, the risks of infection, especially from human immunodeficiency virus, have taken center stage even in the lay press. Thus, the immunologic effects of transfusion have not gained the attention deserved. Nonetheless, certain disciplines--hematology, critical care medicine, oncology, surgery, and particularly transplantation-have appreciated the immunologic potential from its use. This article will discuss the basics of immunology, concentrating on the immunologic consequences of transfusions, the clinical and animal studies affecting tumor recurrence, and infection.


CPR with minimized hands-off time is one of integral factors for the improvement of the survival rate of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the installation of C-steps on the main stretcher to CPR accuracy and errors. The subjects in this study were 70 paramedics in 10 firehouses in the province of C(35 for control group, 35 for experimental group), and their CPR accuracy on the main stretchers was checked. As a result, it`s found that the main stretchers equipped with the C-steps served to boost the accuracy of chest compression by creating suitable environments for that in terms of height and posture(t