This paper deals with measurement and modeling of conducted and radiated emissions (CE and RE) of high-speed trains in the low-frequency range 9-150 kHz, which are mainly generated by power-electronic converters. Firstly, an experimental procedure and a post-processing method, based on the median filter, is proposed to improve procedures foreseen in current Standard IEC 62236-2. Specifically, magnetic-field RE are characterized by a time-frequency representation, and stationary emissions are separated from transient events. Finally, a simplified model for the prediction of CE and RE is presented and compared versus a previously developed multiconductor-transmission-line approach. It is shown that the proposed simplified model provides useful results, as long as the spatial distribution of the radiated field (and not the estimation of emission levels) is of interest.


Nine clinical and six soil isolates of Trichophytic genera of dermatophytes were demonstrated for their in vitro production of antibacterial substances. Clinical isolates were isolated from superficial skin of patients suffering from dermatomycoses and soil isolates were procured from soil using hair-baiting technique. Among nine clinical isolates of dermatophytes tested for their ability to produce antibacterial substances, five were found to be producers and among six soil isolates, three produces the antibacterial substances. The qualitative identification of the produced antibiotics reveals five types; a penicillin-like substance produced by Trichophyton concentricum, and two different types of unknown substances obtained from Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. megninii, the kojic acid-like antibacterial substance produced by Trichophyton verrucosum. The fusidic acid like substances was obtained from T. tonsurans and T. simii.


The paper expounds the ways of teaching students to distinguish true data from false by the analysis of various statistical data of media in the course of teaching.


If the data density of magnetic disks is to continue its current 30–50% annual growth, new recording techniques are required. Among the actively considered options, shingled writing is currently the most attractive one because it is the easiest to implement at the device level. Shingled write recording trades the inconvenience of the inability to update in-place for a much higher data density by a using a different write technique that overlaps the currently written track with the previous track. Random reads are still possible on such devices, but writes must be done largely sequentially. In this paper, we discuss possible changes to disk-based data structures that the adoption of shingled writing will require. We first explore disk structures that are optimized for large sequential writes with little or no sequential writing, even of metadata structures, while providing acceptable read performance. We also examine the usefulness of non-volatile RAM and the benefits of object-based interfaces in the context of shingled disks. Finally, through the analysis of recent device traces, we demonstrate the surprising stability of written device blocks, with general purpose workloads showing that more than 93% of device blocks remain unchanged over a day, and that for more specialized workloads less than 0.5% of a shingled-write disk's capacity would be needed to hold randomly updated blocks.


This paper presents a solution to reduce the time invested in the manual verification of instrument clusters. The proposed solution allows automatic generation of reference images, in order to validate the images obtained as a result of the test run. Relative to the product development cycle, this occurs in the validation test phase, in order to complete the regression tests. The application generates a Human Machine Interface (HMI) model obtained from manual analysis and automated parsing of customer specifications.


In the southwestern part of Daltonganj town in Palamau district of Jharkhand, the occurrence of komatiite spatially associated with rocks of tholeiitic parentage has been recorded at a number of places near Semra (24° 00′02"N: 82° 50′20"E)-Salatua (24° 04′01"N:83° 50′20"E) sector. The area is located at the northwestern fringe of the Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC) adjacent to the Garhwa-Daltonganj Gondwana Basin (GDGB) in the north and in the Auranga-Koel Gondwana Basin (AKGB) in the south. The mafic-ultramafic magmatism in close proximity to major intracontinental rifts/shear zones suggests their emplacement under extensional tectonic regime. Based on field observations, komatiites are classified as spinifex - textured and cumulate komatiites. A considerable population exhibits cumulus texture. Chemically, they are characterized by high MgO, Ni, Cr and low in alkali, TiO2, Ba, Cs, Rb, Nb, Hf and Y. They are Al-undepleted in character and have near chondritic Al2O3/TiO2 ratios. They exhibit almost flat HREE and variable LREE depletion with (La/Sm)n less than 1, (Gd/Yb)n varying from 0.87 to 1.1 and (La/Yb)n ranging from 0.83 to 1.09. Different chemical characters and interelemental ratios suggest that they are comparable to Munrotype komatiites.


Hamilton's paper describes a thorough and pragmatic approach to the introduction of physical health checks in people registered with mental health services. This is a moral and political priority, but translating this into day-to-day practice in already stretched community mental health teams requires leadership and vision. Pivotal in Hamilton's success was the establishment of good channels of communication between the mental and physical healthcare teams. Hearing about good practice and positive experiences in other teams should help in the widespread introduction of reliable systems to improve physical health in mental health service users.


There is increasing evidence that conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin I1 can occur in the renal vasculature of humans [l l , and in the vascular beds of the hind limb of the dog 121. In previous experiments the specific angiotensionconverting enzyme in rat aorta [31 has been demonstrated. More recently, Mizuno et al. [41 have studied the subcellular localization of the enzyme activity in aortic tissue of rat and found that the enzyme activity was extremely high in the supernatant and microsomal fractions. They have also reported that the enzyme activity in the aortic tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats was higher than that of normotensive rats [41. To date, however, the role of the enzyme in arterial tissue in the initiation and/or the maintenance of hypertension has not fully been elucidated. The present study was undertaken to determine the subcellular localization of aortic angiotensinconverting enzyme activity in three different types of experimental hypertension in rats. Female normotensive rats of the WistarKyoto strain, aged 20-21 weeks, were divided into groups 1-4. Operation for induction of hypertension was performed under ether anaesthesia. Group 1; control rats, given a stock chow and distilled water ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks (n = 10). Group 2; two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. The left renal artery was constricted with a silver clip, leaving the contralateral kidney untouched ( n = 8). Group 3; one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. The left renal artery was constricted with a silver clip after the contralateral kidney was removed (n = 14). Group 4; two-kidney, two-clip hypertension. The left and right renal arteries were constricted with a silver clip ( n = 10). Tail blood pressure of these rats was determined every week for a period of 4 weeks. The rats were killed by decapitation 4 weeks after the operation, and whole aortae without branches were excised immediately at 4OC. Aortic tissue was cleaned of blood with moist gauze, stripped of surrounding tissue, including adventitia, briefly rinsed three to five times in sucrose solution (0.25 mol/l) to remove surface contamination by serum, and minced into 2 mm x 2 mm pieces. Portions of the minced tissue were homogenized with a Virtis homogenizer in sucrose solution (0.25 mol/l) in volumes to give a 10% (w/v) homogenate. The crude homogenate was subfractionated by differential ultracentrifugation as previously described 151, and electron-microscopic appearances of the mitochondrial and the microsomal fractions were similar to that described previously [61. Angiotensin-converting enyme activity in each fraction was determined by the spectrophotometric assay with hippuryl-L-histidy1-Lleucine as substrate [41. One unit of the enzyme activity is defined as 1 nmol of hippuric acid formed min-' mg-' of protein at 37OC. Results are presented as means f SEM. Significance of difference was assessed by analysis of variance. The systolic blood pressure of Group 1 did not change, whereas in Group 2 it rose from a control of 106 f 8 to 187 5 12 mmHg at 4 weeks. In Group 3 the systolic blood pressure rose from 104 f 5 to 195 & 14 mmHg at 4 weeks, and in Group 4 from 102 f 5 to 196 If: 7 mmHg. Table 1 summarizes our principal data on aortic angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The enzyme activity of the crude homogenate in Group 2 was 6.9 f 0.7 units, which was significantly higher than in Groups 1, 3 and 4 (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the enzyme activity of the crude homogenate between Group 1 and Groups 3 and 4. The enzyme activity of the mitochondrial, microsoma1 and supernatant fractions in Group 2 was also significantly higher than in Groups 1, 3 and 4 (Table 1). There was no significant difference in the enzyme activity from the mitochondrial, microsomal and supernatant fractions between Group 1 and Groups 3 and 4.


The need for construction automation instruction in the civil engineering curriculum is reviewed. A mobile robot suitable for use as a laboratory teaching device was developed. Obstacle sensing and avoidance were performed using ultrasonic sensors and a fuzzy logic controller. Experiences of the students who developed the robot are discussed. It is concluded that a class project provides valuable hands-on experience that reinforces the students' understanding of theory. A background on microcontrollers is provided


In human dentition, permanent tooth impaction is relatively common. But, the first permanent molars are rarely impacted with a reported prevalence of 0.02% for permanent maxillary first molar and fewer than 0.01% for the permanent mandibular first molars. The etiology for the failure of eruption can be variable. It is usually an symptomless pathology. Diagnosis in early stage and treatment of impacted permanent molars contributes to most favourable outcomes and good long-standing prognosis by lessening of complication. Here we are presenting a case reports of 2 cases of permanent first impacted molars.


Echium orientale L. is a Turkish endemic plant in the family Boraginaceae. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient in vitro culture protocol for E. orientale and compare the field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves in terms of antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activities and phenolic profiles. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with various plant growth regulator combinations. Best shoot proliferation was obtained from leaf explant with 1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), producing 8.7 shoots per explant at 100% shoot frequency. Regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting media containing different levels of IAA, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The best root formation was observed with MS basal medium (control). Rooted explants were transferred to vermiculate in Magenta containers for acclimatization and after 3 weeks they were transferred to plastic pots containing potting soil and maintained in the plant growth room. Leaves from field-grown plants showed higher antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activities, and phenolic content than those from in vitro-grown plants.


Energy management and heat control whenever a reactive viscous fluid is the working medium has been one of the greatest challenges encountered by many in the field of chemical and industrial engineering. A mathematical approach to thedetermination of critical points beyond which the working environment becomes hazardous is presented in the present investigation together with the entropy generation analysis that guarantees the efficient management of expensive energy resources. In this regard, the nonlinear mixed convective flow behavior of a combustible third-grade fluid through a vertical channel with wall cooling by convection is investigated. The mathematical formulation captures the nonlinearities arising from second-order Boussinesq approximation and exponential dependence of internal heat generation, viscosity, and thermal conductivity on temperature. The resulting nonlinear boundary value problems were solved based on the spectral Chebyshev collocation method (SCCM) and validated with the shooting-Runge–Kutta method (RK4). The nonlinear effects on the flow velocity, temperature distribution, entropy generation, and Bejan heat irreversibility ratio are significant. Further analyses include the thermal stability of the fluid. Findings from the study revealed that flow, temperature, and entropy generation are enhanced byincreasing values of the Grashof number, the quadratic component of buoyancy, and the Frank-Kameneskii parameter, but are reducedbyincreasing the third-grade material parameter. Moreover, it was shown that increasing values of the third-grade parameter encourages the thermal stability of the flow, while increasing values of the linear and nonlinear buoyancy parameter destabilizes the flow. The present result is applicable to thick combustible polymers with increased molecular weight.


The article examines the subculture premarital Finno-Ugric youth modern city that has its own particular style, values, attitudes, norms and behavior patterns are closely associated with traditional culture and at the same time different from it.


In patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia, increased length of the condylar neck causes deviation of the mandible to the opposite site, resulting in facial asymmetry, but the arch form and general contour of the displaced mandible is approximately symmetric. So, the unilateral condylectomy have been prefered surgical method among the surgeons. The purpose of this study is to analyze the postoperative results comparatively following two different surgical methods, condylectomy and ramus surgery, in unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Cases of 6 patients with the unilateral condylar hyperplasia were analyzed in this study, 3 cases of the condylectomy only, 3 cases of the ramus surgery, Clinical and radiographic evaluations were tried for comparison, In conclusion, comparative results between two groups did not show any significant difference, but we confirmed that unilateral condylectomy could be a excellent surgical methods in unilateral condylar hyperplasia thinking over the unique morphological characteristics of it.


Recognizing the jeopardy of drawing definite conclusions about a nation perpetually in motion, the author claims to focus only on those American events documented in his travels during 1982-1983, but the book gives wider shape to the prevailing circumstances leading to the present day.


The aim of this study is to find the exact solution of a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints of an objective quadratic function written in the canonical form. So far we used the separable programming and one order interpolation, to use linear methods to solve nonlinear programming problems, our method allows using the interpolation of second order and improving separable programming. This paper describes a new method which is based on splitting the objective function into the sum of two functions, one concave and the other convex; a new feasible constraint set is built by a homographic transform, in such a way that the projection of the critical point of the objective function onto this set, produces the exact solution to the problem on hand. Notice that one does not need to transform the quadratic problem into an equivalent linear one as in the numerical methods; the method is purely analytical and avoids the usage of initial solution. The technique is simple and allows us to find the coefficients of the convex function while moving from one summit to another. The proved theorem is valid for any bound, closed and convex domain; it may be applied to a large number of optimization problems. The obtained results are of great importance to solve separable programming cases, in MVS...


During meiosis, recombination ensures the allele exchange through crossovers (COs) between the homologous chromosomes and, additionally, their proper segregation. CO events are under a strict control but molecular mechanisms underlying CO regulation are still elusive. Some advances in this field were made by structural chromosomal rearrangements that are known at heterozygous state to impair COs in various organisms. In this paper, we have investigated the effect that a large pericentric inversion involving chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis thaliana has on male and female recombination. The inversion associated to a T-DNA dependent mutation likely resulted from a side effect of the T-DNA integration. Reciprocal backcross populations, each consisting of over 400 individuals, obtained from the T-DNA mutant and the wild type, both crossed with Landsberg, have been analyzed at genome-wide level by 143 SNPs. We found a strong suppression of COs in the rearranged region in both male and female meiosis. As expected, we did not detect single COs in the inverted region consistently with the post-meiotic selection operating against unbalanced gametes. Cytological analysis of chiasmata in F1 plants confirmed that COs are effectively dropping in chromosome 3 pair. Indeed, CO failure within the inversion is not altogether counterbalanced by CO increase in the regions outside the inversion on chromosome 3. Strikingly, this CO suppression induces a significant increase of COs in chromosome pairs 1, 2 and 5 in male meiosis. We conclude that these chromosomes acquire additional COs thereby compensating the recombination suppression occurring in chromosome 3, similarly to what has been described as interchromosomal (IC) effect in other organisms. In female meiosis, IC effect is not evident. This may be related to the fact that CO number in female is close to the minimum value imposed by the obligatory CO rule. Author Summary It is well known that chromosome structure changes in heterozygous condition influence the pattern of meiotic recombination at broad scale. In natural populations, inversions are recognized as the most effective force to reduce COs. In this way, adaptive allele combinations which otherwise would be broken by recombination are maintained. In the present work, we studied the effect on recombination of a large pericentric inversion involving Arabidopsis chromosome 3. The analysis on heterozygous populations provided evidence of strong recombination suppression in chromosome 3. However, the most striking aspect of this study is the finding that the failure of chromosome 3 to recombine is coupled to increased CO frequencies on the other chromosome pairs in male meiosis. These CO compensatory increases are strictly an interchromosomal (IC) effect as was first described in Drosophila. As far as we know, it is the first time IC effect has been reported in plants. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying IC effect in the other organisms are still elusive. To understand how a CO change on just one chromosome triggers the global response of the meiocyte to obtain the adequate CO number/cell remains a fascinating question in sexually reproducing species.


The invention discloses a rough-rolling width self-learning method. The rough-rolling width self-learning method comprises the step of dividing rough rolling into multiple-section pass rolling according to rolling strategies, wherein the rough-rolling width self-learning method of each pass of all sections comprises the following steps of: obtaining an inlet width true measured value w1 of a current pass, an outlet width true measured value w2, a horizontal roller inlet thickness h1, a horizontal roller outlet thickness h2 and a vertical roller gap true measured value we; allocating a self-learning coefficient lambda; calculating and then obtaining a side pressure amount de; calculating and then obtaining a horizontal roller width stretching value dwlat; calculating and then obtaining a vertical roller dog-bone width stretching value debul; obtaining a calculated outlet width w2' according to the rolling passes; and comparing the outlet width true measured value w2 with the calculated outlet width w2' so as to obtain the corrected self-learning coefficient lambda, and then carrying out the rough-rolling width self-learning of the next section.


States transformation of trace element Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, V in Huadian oil shale during retorting was studied. The retorting experiment was conducted by sequential chemical extraction (SEC). The effects of heating rate and temperature on the transformation were investigated. The results indicated that trace elements have a higher migration rate in retorting at heating rate of 2.5°C/min and 20°C/min,and the higher retorting temperature, the better trace elements migration. Most of states transformation are better migration in low heating rate and high final temperature, but sulfide bound fraction is better migration in high heating rate and high final temperature. Different states will have some parts migrate to organic matter bound fraction.


Reporters in films of the early 1930s were often portrayed as drunks or as less than glamorous, as evidenced by the 1930 film "The Front Page." By the end of the decade, pressure from the American Newspaper Publishers Association, American Society of Newspaper Editors, and other professional organizations, plus film-makers' need for good press, caused a change in the way reporters appeared, as evidenced by "His Girl Friday," the 1940 remake of "The Front Page." World War II films often portrayed reporters as searchers for truth in a free democratic system, a striking contrast to fascist control of information abroad. This study is based on the recently opened files of the Production Code Administration plus the viewing of 35 key films of the period.


According to the Kyle (1985) model of informed trading, information in trade size is likely
to effect a permanent price impact. However, two prominent structural models in the
literature do not include trade size in their framework. In this paper, we present a nesting
relationship of major structural models and formulate a generalized model that includes all
trade variables. A new measure to quantify the amount of information in the order flow is
proposed. Our empirical analysis shows that it is indeed the "surprise" in trade size that
contributes significantly in reflecting the price change of Nikkei and TOPIX futures.

Key words: Market microstructure, volume information, futures market


Summary The Croatian Web Dictionary – Mrežnik is a four-year project which started on the 1 st of March 2017 and the duration of the project is four years. The main result of the project will be a free, monolingual, hypertext online dictionary consisting of three modules (the module for adult native speakers – 10,000 entries, the module for children aged 6 to 10 – 3,000 entries, and the module for non-native speakers learning Croatian – 1,000 entries). Mrežnik is based on two Croatian web corpora. Croatian Linguistic Terminology – Jena is a new terminological project conducted within the Struna program. The project started on the 24 th of May 2019 and lasts until the 23 rd of November 2020. The main result of the project will be a multilingual database consisting of 1,500 entries. As a specialized corpus of Croatian linguistic terminology doesn't exist, it is compiled in parallel with the database. Although Mrežnik and Jena differ in their basic goals and approach; one is monolingual and general and the other is multilingual and specialized (terminological), one is compiled from the existing corpora and the other is compiled in parallel with the corpus, they have two important meeting points: 1. General linguistic terminology is presented in Mrežnik (mostly but not exclusively in the module for adult native speakers) and 2. Within the Mrežnik project, Glossary of E-lexicographic terminology is compiled. These four parameters will be compared: 1. wordlist/termlist, 2. relation to the corpus, 3. giving normative information, 4. entry structure. The compilation process and the structure of entries for the same headword will be compared and the important similarities, as well as differences, will be shown. The reason for this comparison is that the two projects are conducted at the same time and strongly influence each other in many aspects.


The aim of the study was the taxonomic, morphological, ecological and stratigraphic characterization of marine invertebrate groups from the localities of Wiek and Wysoka (Krakow-Częstochowa Upland) and Gnieździska (Świętokrzyskie Mountains). All of these three localities were unused quarries where limestone was once mined. The material consisted of a total of 756 fossils collected by the author from the studied sites or constituting part of the collections of the Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Palaeontology at the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław. When describing and marking the fossils, attention was paid to the state of preservation, morphology, size, shape and the presence of structures characteristic of a given taxon. Among the studied material were fossils of gastropods, bivalves, ammonites, belemnites, and brachiopods. These organisms were found in upper Callovian (Middle Jurassic) and Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) sediments and are approximately 157.3–166.1 million years old. Different groups of invertebrates dominated in the material collections from individual sites. Among the fossils from the Wiek quarry, the most numerous were brachiopods, the material from the Wysoka locality was dominated by ammonites, and the most numerous group in the collection from the Gnieździska quarry were belemnites. In total, 18 genera belonging to 13 families were recorded. The most numerous group among the studied fossils were Ammonitida, mostly represented by the genus Perisphinctes. In the collection from the Wysoka quarry, a single ammonite shell belonging to the genus Horioceras was recorded, which has not been recorded at this site so far. Among the collected ammonites, the genera Cardioceras, Lissoceratoides, and Trimarginites were also distinguished. The most diverse group among the collected fossils were brachiopods, of which eight genera were recorded: Lacunosella, Septaliphoria, Epithyris, Juralina, Loboidothyris, Sellithyris, Zeillerina, and Terebratulina. The studied material also revealed the presence of one genus of gastropods—Nerinea, two genera of bivalves—Lima and Posidonia, and two general of belemnites—Belemnopsis and Hibolites. These organisms inhabited the shallow and warm shelf sea that covered a large area of present territory of Poland during the Jurassic period.


Abstract : An important consideration in the design of military aircraft engine exhaust diffusers is the need to reduce infrared radiation emanating from the engine, coupled with the need to maximize shaft horsepower. To aid the engineer in the solution of this problem, advanced mathematical techniques developed in this report have been applied to the solution of turbulent compressible swirling flow through curved-wall annular diffusers. This analysis has developed a generalized method for calculating an orthogonal coordinate system for arbitrary curved-wall annular ducts with cooling slots which is based on the Schwartz- Christoffel transformation. In addition, this analysis has developed a stable implicit numerical integration scheme for solving a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation which does not require an iterative procedure to maintain second-order accuracy. Finally, it is noted that the procedure does not require an iterative procedure coupling the inviscid and viscous portion of the flow field but treats the entire flow field as a whole. A computer program has been developed using this analysis and applied to sample cases to demonstrate the capability of the analysis. Cases with and without slot-cooled walls have been calculated and compared with experimental data taken from the ST9 demonstrator IR suppression diffuser operating at different slot cooling flow rates for one engine operating condition.


The complex coefficients of this reduced equation are computed by numerical solution of appropriate eigenvalue problems. In conjunction with these analytical calculations, a highly accurate spectral code has been used to directly simulate the forced, circular shear flows. Both the analytical and the numerical results are in excellent agreement with fluid experiments [3] and show the same qualitative behaviour as the plasma experiments [l, 21, where a detailed quantitative comparison is difficult due to limitations in the experimental information. Our two approaches supplement each other in predicting the trasition to states of ever increasing complexity, even beyond regimes that have so far been experimentally accessible.


This paper describes how car use rose dramatically in Britain after 1945, largely because growth in disposable incomes led to increased car ownership. It has leveled off in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to examine why it is difficult to reduce car use. The emphasis will be on short trips because nearly 70% of trips are less than 8 km and have the possible alternatives of walking, cycling and local bus. The barriers to reducing car use will be considered in the paper. In addition, the methodologies used in transport planning will be examined to see if they have encouraged growth in car use.


Background:
 Secondhand smoking (SHS) is the exposure to smoke arising from a burning cigarette or exhaled by a smoker. It is a significant public health problem worldwide and whether it is associated with hypertension, particularly among Africans, is yet to be clearly understood. This study evaluated the relationship between SHS and hypertension among stroke-free adults who are non-smokers in the Stroke Investigation Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study.

 Methods:
 We identified 3905 adults (≥18years who had never smoked) in the SIREN study conducted in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants reported a history of SHS exposure in an indoor environment. Hypertension was defined as one of the following conditions; mean SBP≥140mmHg, DBP≥90mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension by SHS exposure at a two-sided
 P
 <0.05.

 Results:
 Overall, mean age was 55.8±14.9years, 18.2% (712 of 3905) had SHS exposure, with a higher proportion among males 20.0% (360 of 1803) than females 16.7% (352 of 2102). SHS was associated with higher odds of having hypertension in the overall population; OR: 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0, 1.5) among females; OR: 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.1), but not among males; OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7, 1.2).

 Conclusion:
 SHS was associated with higher odds of hypertension, particularly among females in this sample. The viability of public interventions in mitigating the potential effect of SHS cannot be underestimated in managing the hypertension burden among Africans, pending longitudinal studies to establish causal associations between SHS and hypertension.


An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P < 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.


In this paper, an experimental study of R1234yf replacing R22 in window air conditioning was carried out. The optimum types of capillary tubes and the charge amount were obtained, and the system performance of the window air conditioning charged with R1234yf was tested in an air conditioner performance teat facility under nominal and high-temperature conditions. The results revealed that the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioner charged with R1234yf were 28.5% and 11.1%, respectively, under nominal conditions, which were lower than that of R22. Under high-temperature conditions, the cooling capacity of R1234yf was still lower than that of R22, but the COP was slightly higher. This suggests that R1234yf may be a suitable substitution for R22 in high-temperature environment.


This work reports the biological toxicity of nano plastic particles (NPs) to silkworms fed on the bait dopped with polystyrene encapsulated luminescent nanoparticles. The processes of NPs intake and excretion were monitored by means of time-gated optical imaging (TGI) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), which allowed the quantification of the spatiotemporal deposition of NPs in an individual silkworm. The rates of NPs excretion and sequestration were found to be 99.92% and 0.08%, respectively, and the NPs retentate stayed mainly in the fat body (67.7%), digestive tract (18.0%), and head (7.54%). Adverse effects of NPs exposure were accordingly confirmed such as growth retardation and smaller physique. The results of the present work confirmed the possibility of nano-plastics accumulating and transmitting along the food chain in terrestrial ecosystems. The present work demonstrates the potential of employing silkworm as a model of full metamorphosed insects for exploring the biological impact of NPs on congeneric terrestrial animals, as well as the efficacy of the TGI-MS modality for in situ visualizing and quantifying the propagation of NPs via the primary food chain.


Abstract: ZnO:Eu film shows a strong and sharp red character peak from the DO→F2 transitions in Eu ions, which would be very fit for luminescent material of photoelectric device. A ZnO seed layer is first prepared on a glass substrate by CS-300 DC magnetron sputtering device, and then Eu-doped ZnO thin films are assembled on the ZnO seed layer using a simple hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and Raman scattering spectrum are used to characterize the ZnO:Eu thin films at last. The XRD analysis results show that all ZnO:Eu thin films have hexagonal wurtzite structure and along the (002) C-axis preferred orientation growth, beyond that there is no other diffraction peak in the diffraction spectrum, and crystallinity of thin films is decreased after doping with Eu. The PL spectrum results show that strong intrinsic ZnO characteristic peak was almost completely suppressed with the excitation of 325 nm ultraviolet photons, and a sharp and intense red characteristic peak located at around 615 nm wavelength in the visible region can be observed from the PL spectras of ZnO:Eu thin film. So Eu successfully substitutes Zn in the ZnO lattice. In the different doping ratio, the highest peak of ZnO: Eu + film have some slight deviation. The Raman spectroscopy comparison of before and after doping analysis reveals that after Eu substitutes Zn, bonding with O or Zn, new Raman peaks appear in the Raman spectra.


On base of the examples in and out of abroad,it discusses the high rise architectural form of reasons of double-sub-tower building,its formation and the reasons of speedy develop,points out the reasons of liking bamboo shoots after a spring rain of double-sub-tower building in and out of abroad at present,and represents kinds of change form of double-tower.


In this article, we obtain precise theoretical expressions and various experimental dependences of the perceived depth in an arc 3D display and find that they coincide. We also propose two liquid-crystal (LC) active devices that can switch arc 3D images on and off by changing either the amplitude or frequency of a high applied voltage and clarify their main characteristics. The perceived depth in an arc 3D display can be increased by increasing the arc radius and/or adjusting the illumination angle so that it approaches the viewing angle vertically. The perceived depth remains unchanged even when the observer position changes in the horizontal and/or depth directions, resulting in a continuous motion parallax.


Most of intradural tumors are primary tumors and few of them are metastatic tumors. Especially, spinal intradural metastatic tumors which are derived from renal cell carcinoma are rarer. Even though such tumors occur, it accompany with brain metastasis in many cases. And there was no report regarding isolated intradural metastasis, without metastasizing on brain or other central nervous system organs, in domestic. The purpose of this research is to report the excellent clinical results regarding solitarily intradural metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Researchers found out renal cell carcinoma which was solitarily metastasized intradural of the third lumbar of 63 years old man who has renal cell carcinoma and underwent nephrectomy 2 years before. tumor extirpation was performed after total laminectomy. And after keeping watching it for 2 years, we could get favorable results and would like to report it with review of literature.


ABSTRACT Service life of asphalt pavements generally depends of a great number of factors such as traffic, climate, structure, subgrade, material properties etc. On low volume roads and airfields, climate and ageing properties of the binder are especially important factors influencing the deterioration and service life of pavements. In an asphalt mixture, the surface area of the filler represents a major part of the total surface area of the aggregate. A laboratory study of the influence of different types of fillers on the rheological and ageing properties of filler-bitumen mixes has been performed. Two types of binder and four different types of filler were used in this study. The laboratory analyses were carried out using test equipment according to the SHRP binder specification. The SHRP binder test equipment seems to be promising also for soft binders aimed for low volume roads, and they also seem to be suitable for filler-bitumen mixes.


Summary Lifelong education policy in Taiwan has undergone a policy of lifelong education. , Policy on lifelong education , Lifelong education three-step Deep paragraph . under the impetus of these policies , Taiwan to give full play to family education , Community Education , old age education and educational institutions ,end of civil non-profit organization Body Education . Constructs a lifelong education system from preschool children _until senior citizens , includes regular , Non-formal and informal educational activities , covers Home Court education , School education , Social Education three aspects .


Special permission management is a successful business model,it is all over world.The idea of management,the method of operation and expansion power can bring more and more good favor.This essay simply expresses the idea and the market apperance of the special permission management by concentrating content and makes people have generalizing idea of the special permission management as well as the suggestion to solve it.The writer wants to cause the readers' interest,attention and deeply researches in special permission management.


ABSTRACT The development of the sharpshooter Cavichiana bromelicola Mejdalani et al., 2014 is herein investigated, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to describe changes that occur along the five nymphal stadia. We recorded various kinds of integumentary sensilla, including a sensillum coeloconicum located in the interommatidial spaces. Unfertilised or preoviposition eggs are also briefly described. Biological notes are provided based on observations carried out during the collecting work of nymphs and adults in the Bromeliad Collection of Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil. A list of known bromeliad host species of this sharpshooter is given.


This course introduces the operational and denotational semantics of PCF and examines the relationship between the two. Topics: Syntax and operational semantics of PCF, Activity Lemma, unde nability of parallel or; Context Lemma ( rst principles proof) and proof by logical relations Denotational semantics of PCF induced by an interpretation; (standard) Scott model, adequacy, weak adequacy and its proof (by a computability predicate) Domain Theory up to SFP and Scott domains; non full abstraction of the standard model, de nability of compact elements and full abstraction for PCFP (PCF + parallel or), properties of order-extensional (continuous) models of PCF, Milner's model and Mulmuley's construction (excluding proofs) Additional topics (time permitting): results on pure simply-typed lambda calculus, Friedman's Completeness Theorem, minimal model, logical relations and de nability, undecidability of lambda de nability (excluding proof), dI-domains and stable functions Homepage: http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/people/luke.ong.html CONTENTS 2


The use of the circuit analysis program SPICE2 as an aid in the design of high temperature electronic circuits is examined. An example DC-DC converter circuit is simulated at 230/sup 0/C temperature and the results compared with experimental data. Also included are experimentally measured model parameters for an extensive list of devices suitable for use at high (200 to 300/sup 0/C) temperatures. Several errors in the SPICE2 source program were found.


This is the latest in a series designed to bring work originally published in Dutch to the attention of a wider audience through translation into English. This volume presents nine studies by scholars from the Netherlands and Belgium on aspects of family and female labor force participation. Related topics such as the division of labor within the family the transition to adulthood by female adolescents income distribution and childcare are addressed. The final chapter describes recent trends in population and the family in the two countries. (ANNOTATION)


The reproductive performance of Boer goats was observed systematically in this study.The age of sex maturity of Boer goats was later than some small goat breeds in the country,so Boer goat should be classified to earlier-maturity breed.There were some differences in the age of sex maturity,ejaculate volume and sperm quality between different disposition bucks.The reproductive performance of steady bucks was better than others.The mating preference of Boer bucks not only depended on scent,but also depended on visual image.Some of Boer bucks excluded outsiders(for example,dairy goats or wool goats).The amount of kids born by does which had had tridymus at firstborn for five years was 7.45 more than that born by does which had had one kid at firstborn and 4.55 more than that born by does which had had twin kids in firstborn.The reproductive peaks of bucks and does appeared in three years old.The treatment effect of super-ovulation of 2~4 years old does was better than others.


A satellite navigation or SATNAV system is a system of satellites that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few metres using time signals transmitted from satellites along line-of-sight. Receivers calculate the precise time as well as position, which can be used as a reference for scientific experiments. The first satellite navigation system was Transit, a system deployed by the US military in the 1960s, the details of which have been addressed in Chapter 4.


. Synaptic plasticity depends on the interaction between electrical activity in neurons and the synaptic proteome, the collection of over 1000 proteins in the post-synaptic density (PSD) of synapses. To construct models of synaptic plasticity with realistic numbers of proteins, we aim to combine rule-based models of molecular interactions in the synaptic proteome with compartmental models of the electrical activity of neurons. Rule-based models allow interactions between the combinatorially large number of protein complexes in the postsynaptic proteome to be expressed straightforwardly. Simulations of rule-based models are stochastic and thus can deal with the small copy numbers of proteins and complexes in the PSD. Compartmental models of neurons are expressed as systems of coupled ordinary differential equations and solved deterministically. We present an algorithm which incorporates stochastic rule-based models into deterministic compartmental models and demonstrate an implementation ("KappaNEURON") of this hybrid system using the SpatialKappa and NEURON simulators.


In order to determine the attack area of semi-active laser guided mortar projectiles with impulse thrusters for terminal correction, the model of acquisition area for the seeker was established. Based on the analysis of impulse forces and impulse moments, the 6-DOF equations for trajectory under control were deduced, and the model for the maximum correction area of impulse thrusters was given. Thus, an approach for constructing the model of attack area and its simulation method were proposed. With the models, attack area simulations under a certain start control condition were carried out. Figures of attack area for different seeker's parameters and different pulse jets impulse were obtained. The results indicate that the models and the simulation method are applicable for the calculation of similar projectiles' attack area, also helpful for the design of seeker and impulse thruster.


Abstract We describe and numerically simulate the aggregate and distributional properties of an endogenous growth model with an infrastructure externality which is subject to relative congestion. We show that the congested externality induces higher growth, greater inequality, labor/leisure trade-off ambiguities and an ineffective capital income tax for the government to achieve long-term redistribution goals. We demonstrate the economic implications of congestions in production and consumption externalities on the public to private capital ratio, growth and income distribution. Finally, we discuss alternative tax options for promoting inclusive growth.


There has been a growing awareness that the issue of labour market disadvantage is substantially greater than merely considering unemployment and the ability to find a job. There is an increasing literature that points to the advantages of considering a broader concept which accounts not only for those people who are traditionally unemployed, but also for individuals who are underemployed and those who are sub-unemployed or discouraged workers. Taking multidimensional survey and census data for Australian metropolitan regions, this paper applies a broad employability framework to an understanding of labour underutilisation which presents the risk of underutilisation as a function of individual characteristics, personal circumstances and the impact of local labour market characteristics. The analysis finds that the risk of labour underutilisation is associated with a range of individual characteristics and personal circumstances together with the characteristics of the metropolitan local labour market.


According to the available information, pediatric cases of COVID-19 would present less frequently, most of them with mild to moderate clinical picture, and low associated morbidity and mortality 5. However, we do not know the actual behavior that SARS-CoV-2 will have in Chile, nor the impact that its interaction with other respiratory viruses will have on the clinical outcome. On the assump-tion that pediatric patients requiring hospitalization due to suspicion or confirmation of COVID-19 will need different levels of respiratory support, we have developed wide-range recommendations based on the optimal management of pediatric respiratory support according to the principles of quality and efficiency in the delivery of support, biosafety parameters, and appropriate use of resources 6. These elements, which are related to assembling and filtering the aerosols produced by some respiratory support equipment, are recommended in this guide in order to unify technical criteria that allow optimal support for the pediatric patient while maintaining the highest possible biosafety for the patient and the health team.


The present paper evaluates a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) of polypropylene (PP) and nitrile rubber (NBR), with and without carbon nanotube (CNT), with a potential application in structures that protect radar antennas, radomes. Morphological analysis, izod impact test, electromagnetic properties measurement and S-parameters were performed in order to verify its operational functioning. The presence of CNT affected the morphology of TPV, reducing the size of NBR particles. This enhanced impact strength results, besides the already known reinforcing effect of CNT on polymeric matrices. Electromagnetic parameters showed that both filled and unfilled TPV are low-loss materials. However, better impact result makes the filled TPV the most indicated material for radome application.


The purpose of the study is to systematize the methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications on the Internet. In the literature, there are often limited definitions of interactivity, which do not reveal the essence and do not allow fully realizing the marketing opportunities associated with its phenomena. Today, interactive video, gaming technologies, which are increasingly used in the creation of advertising and communication materials, provide unprecedented opportunities for users to create and flexibly change their own scenarios for the development of events, to guide the history of the video and its heroes, which, among other things, makes it possible to make the presentation object not only goods or services but also the practice of behaviour in different situations of their purchase and consumption. In Internet marketing communications, preconditions for estimating the time budget, general stay in the network, implementation of specific behavioural scenarios of the full-fledged functioning of the user as a representative of the target audience, including through various devices and due to multimedia character, are formed. Optimization of Internet communications of enterprises is carried out on the basis of cyclic interactive communication and timely adjustments of parameters of the received traffic from automated services such as Google analytics, Yandex Metrica, CoMagic, and others. An audience behaviour analysis becomes possible by the use of cookie data. This fragment of data stored on Internet users' computers reveals the broad opportunities for enterprises to target their advertising, identifying the target audience, for example, by geographic location of users, tracking their interests, counting impressions and passing through banners. Due to the high level of inherent interactivity, simplification of activity realization, and its coordination in a virtual environment, with real results, the development of marketing communications on the Internet contributes to the transition from the integrated application of specialized tools and technologies to their genuine integration. These new opportunities, subject to their implementation, will update one more aspect – the achievement of the effectiveness of Internet communications in marketing. Attempts and methodical options for the formation of a holistic set of marketing communications, with their declared effectiveness, have become widespread. The author proposes a more adaptive system for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications, where a balanced system of indicators and stages of work are complemented by the classical algorithms that create the necessary preconditions for preventing or neutralizing the identified problems in the organization of Internet marketing communications. The effectiveness of the CPM model depends entirely on the derivative results of user behaviour (review of site materials, ordering and purchasing goods). Therefore, depending on the goals of the campaign, that is, expanding the target audience or promoting sales, the result may be more predictable. The success of online platforms is based on the consistent development of activities, which is harmonized by three benchmarks: differentiation, effectiveness, efficiency. If earlier, marketing monitoring of the audience and behaviour of Internet users was mainly based on the features of its persons or contingents, and the information context, today it needs to be integrated (contextual targeting, retargeting, and other tools).


Objective
To evaluate the prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Methods
287 gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis were enrolled from Jan 2010 to Dec 2016.

Results
Compared with PNI>45, patients in PNI≤45 group were elder [(59±11) vs. (54±11), t=3.734, P=0.000], lower albumin [(35±4) g/L vs. (42±4)g/L, t=15.988, P=0.003)], lower plasm hemoglobin concentration [(110±22)g/L vs. (129±24)g/L, t=6.245, P=0.000), higher platelet count/lymphocyte count ratio [PLR, (210±89) vs. (150±66), t=6.547, P=0.000], higher neutrophil count/lymphocyte count ratio [NLR, (3.7±2.9) vs. (2.4±1.2), t=4.628, P=0.000], lower percentage of pallative gastrectomy (45.5% to 58.5%, χ2=4.45, P=0.035). Logistic regression analysis showed that age >58-years, NLR>2.87, PLR>170, hemoglobin ≤130 g/L, local organ infiltration were risk factors leading to low-PNI (all P 45, serum albumin >40 g/L, no ascites, lower-grade of peritoneal metastasis, pallative gastrectomy, postoperation chemotherapy were positively associated with better prognosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstarted that, PNI (HR=0.717, P=0.039). Grade of peritoneal metastasis (HR=1.206, P=0.044), pallative gastrectomy (HR=1.529, P=0.001) were independent prognostic risk factors for the patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Conclusion
PNI are both predictors of nutrition assessment and of prognosis for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Key words:
Stomach neoplasms; Nutrition assessment; Neoplasms metastasis; Prognosis


Sexual eukaryotic organisms are characterized by an alternation between haploid and diploid phases. In vascular plants and animals, somatic growth and development occur primarily in the diploid phase, with the haploid phase reduced to the gametic cells. In many other eukaryotes, however, growth and development occur in both phases, with substantial variability among organisms in the length of each phase of the life cycle. A number of theoretical models and experimental studies have shed light on factors that may influence life cycle evolution, yet we remain far from a complete understanding of the diversity of life cycles observed in nature. In this paper we review the current state of knowledge in this field, and touch upon the many questions that remain unanswered. BioEssays 20:453–462, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A stripping column installation especially for separating starting materials with a high boiling point difference comprises a stripping column having a withdrawal plate and a column sump, and a circulating boiler connected with the stripping column and having a pipe bundle through which a sump product from the stripping column flows. The circulating boiler has an upper plate and a separating wall which separates a space above the upper plate into two chambers. One of the chambers has a connection for receiving the sump product from the stripping column, while the other of the chambers has a connection for discharging the sump product after heating in the boiler. The circulating boiler is located relative to the stripping column so that a height difference is produced between a liquid level on the withdrawal plate of the stripping column and the upper plate of the circulating boiler, the height difference having a value selected so that a total pressure of a liquid column at each point of a first portion of a pipe path in the circulating boiler lies above the vapor pressure of the sump product to be heated.


With the popularity of such 360 degrees contents as panorama, it calls for advanced techniques for dome screen projections that best facilitate the presentation of the contents. However, to fulfill the techniques with traditional methods requires various instruments in large number or specific types. Through employing Turbulence, an interactive content that fits the dome's entire circumference, we introduced a new projecting method with a spherical mirror that diffuses light more efficiently. Furthermore, we introduced a new image deformation technology. As this product was developed, we lowered the requirements for projecting facilities (starting from six projectors to two) and the expectations for the dome screen, so it became easier to project on dome screens. Later, we will disclose for free the data we used in the development, thereby giving rise to following active researches in 360 degrees contents.


The livestock sector plays a critical role in the Sudanese economy and the welfare of the whole population. Despite the sector's significant contribution to peoples' livelihoods, the veterinary services and education environment has always faced daunting challenges in Sudan. However, there is no literature on the challenges faced by the veterinary sector in the country. The purpose of this study was to identify and document veterinary services and education challenges and their potential solutions in Sudan. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted and hosted online on the Microsoft Forms platform. The questionnaire comprised closed questions on participants' demographics, veterinary profession challenges and potential solutions that were distributed through social media. A total of 357 participants identified the challenges and solutions through the prioritization of 30 and 29 multiple responses, respectively. The main top challenges identified were not giving priority to the veterinary sector (57.4%), migration of veterinary professionals (55.7%), inadequate allocation of resources to the veterinary sector (53.8%), practice of veterinary medicine by nonprofessional people (52.4%), and weak leadership and management (50.4%). The leading solutions suggested included training and capacity building (76.8%), spreading the culture of animal welfare (62.7%), application of the Animal Welfare Law (62.5%), giving priority to the veterinary sector (61.6%), and improving healthcare infrastructure (61.1%). We conclude that most problems and their solutions lie within the prioritization of the veterinary profession, veterinary professional migration, allocation of resources, leadership and management, culture and application of the Animal Welfare Law. These should be accorded the highest priority for better veterinary profession outcomes.


Abstract : This report presents the results of 46 transmission runs made in 15-fathom water over a sand bottom at 56 kc. The following preliminary results are offered. (1) on the average the transmission anomaly increased linearly with range regardless of the thermal structure. The average rate of increase of the anomaly (the attenuation coefficient) was 13.2 + or - 0.2 db per 1000 yards for 'MIKE' thermal structure and 15.7 + or - 0.1 db per 1000 yards for 'NAN' structure, (2) There was no significant difference between the attenuation coefficient measured by a hydrophone at a depth of 16 feet and by one at a depth of 50 feet; and (3) The average attenuation coefficient when the data were not grouped according to thermal structure was 14.7 + or - 0.6 db per 1000 yards.


The article adduces the significance of teaching and learning publications updating for the enhancement of educational process organization at higher medical educational institutions. It gives the grounds for publication of teaching and learning textbooks "Differential Diagnostics of the Most Common Endocrine System Diseases in Children" and "Allergic Diseases in Children. Part 1. Bronchial Asthma" for the pre-graduate students and lecturers of higher medical educational institutions; its topicality and originality have been proved. The articles analyses the changes made in the standard academic program for the discipline "Pediatrics" for the fourth-year students of medical faculty by speciality "Pediatrics" (2014) and clinical protocols of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine.


Steven King and Gillian Gear (eds.), A Caring County? Social Welfare in Hertfordshire from 1600, Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2013. ISBN 978 1 909291 12 6, £16.99.


The colloid triplet correlation function of a two‐component asymmetric (charge asymmetry 1:20) electrolyte has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The departure from Kirkwood's superposition approximation is qualitatively the same as that found in hard‐sphere and LJ model systems. The simpler one‐component model with an effective pair potential underestimates the probability of finding triplets at small separations. In this region, the polarization of the small ions exerted by the triplets becomes nonadditive, that is, the polarization cannot be described as a sum of the polarization of three separate colloidal pairs. Thus, at these separations an effective pair potential can not fully describe the effective colloidal interaction.


The narrow-band photometry of Spinrad and Taylor (1969) is analyzed by the synthetic spectra technique. Surface gravities, Doppler broadening velocities, effective temperatures, and metal abundances are determined for 131 K giants. Evolutionary tracks and gravities determined from the photometry are used to give space positions, space velocities, and absolute magnitudes of the 131 stars. We conclude that a class of stars exists with metals and/or nitrogen significantly enhanced with respect to the sun; further that these stars have average space motions similar to those of moderately old Population I stars. The Doppler broadening velocity is found to be a strong function of temperature for K giants, and in some cases, possibly a function of surface gravity.


In Korea a crew employment right is only allowed to shipowners and cooperative business between ship management and crew management company is not allowed. It is anticipated that overseas ship management companies` entry into Korean ship management markets will weaken Korean ship management companies` competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to amend crew management regulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of Korean ship management industry and to suggest the scheme for strengthening its competitiveness. The result of this study will contribute to the growth of the Korean ship management industry and enhance their business scope internationally.


Escherichia coli are gram-negative bacteria that can show resistance to a plethora of clinically important antimicrobial drugs, especially in hospitalized immune compromised patients (O'Connell et al., 2015) and the growing antimicrobial resistance of these microorganisms is an alarming world problem in nosocomial infections which in turns are characterized by clinical manifestation of infections that may affect patients immediately upon hospital admission, during intensive care, or soon after hospital release when they can correlated with hospital procedures (Brasil, 2005).


Unlike most developing countries, the Philippines has had several (four) reasonably comparable family income and expenditure surveys, covering a reasonable period of time (15 years). This study draws on those surveys and on wage data in an attempt to judge how, if at all, the distribution of income has been changing. The household survey data shows a declining share of both income and consumption for the top income groups; for the bottom quintile the share of recorded income fell while that of recorded consumption rose. When possible biases of the data are allowed for, it is hard to argue that either a narrowing or widening of income differentials occurred over these years. Real wages of a number of important occupations appear to have fallen, however. Only a partial reconciliation of the trends indicated by these wage series and the income trends for various occupational groups implicit in the household survey data was possible, indicating either data problems or the need for more subtle interpretations of the data. Since structural change in the labour force has been rapid (an increasing share being found in the high income occupations as time passed), declining wage rates for certain lower income groups cannot be taken to imply a general worsening of distribution. Our final conclusion is that distribution has probably changed little, and is about as likely to have changed one way as the other.


To cite this article: Zhang Y‐G, Li X‐B, Zhang J, Huang J, He C, Tian C, Deng Y, Wan H, Shrestha D, Yang Y‐Y, Fan H. The I/D polymorphism of angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene and asthma risk: a meta‐analysis. Allergy 2011; 66: 197–205.


There are two major approaches to the study of signs: semiology established by Ferdinand de Saussure and semiotics by Charles S. Peirce. The difference between two approaches is whether the language system is considered as self-sufficient or extended to non-verbal elements. Gilles Deleuze takes the side of Peirce, expanding the regimes of signs into non-language areas which are not dominated by the signifier-signified hierarchy. Deleuze criticizes Saussure's concept of sign because it presupposes the transcendent signifier characterized as imperial and despotic. Instead, he gives semiotics credit for unleashing signs from the linguistic fetter, which tends to close the signifier in on itself and 쳐t language off from signs. In Proust and Signs, Deleuze divides the signs Marcel Proust encounters in his In Search of Lost Time into four groups: the worldly signs that is empty such as formal and fashionable gestures, the signs of love that are deceptive because their meaning inheres in the contradiction of what they reveal and tty to conceal, the sensuous signs that are truthful bur still material, and the signs of art which are the splendid final unity of an immaterial sign and a spiritual meaning. Among these the last ones are the most decisive in Deleuze, for they serve as a differenciator defined by its own essential difference which, by enveloping itself, produces the identity of the quality constituting the resemblance between the series. Therefore it is not a resemblance nor an identity but a difference which produces the whole series of Combray as it is in the present that it has been and as in the present in which it might reappear. Although the regimes of signs in A Thousand Plateaus and various groups of signs in Proust and Signs differ-the former composed of verbal elements and the latter covering all the elements-they serve the philosophy of Difference as differenciators.


The everyday use of electronic services has increased significantly. For the enforcement of these transactions customers have to manage many different accounts in different service providers. The consequence of this action, is the customer's personal data exposure which is inevitable. Taking this into account, we find out how important the protection of our privacy is, because with this trend our privacy is lost. There is a solution to this big issue and is called Anonymous Credential. Anonymous Credential Systems promise that they can change this situation and provide privacy and strong authentication. Nevertheless, the biggest disadvantage of the Anonymous Credentials is that these are still under research and they are very complex and not so understandable to the readers who are not researchers or experts in the domain of cryptography and mathematics. In this master thesis, our key goal is to provide a way so that the Anonymous Credential become more understandable to more people than before. Also, we demonstrate a new project which has as key goal the support of Anonymous Credential to their customers for their online and other transactions. Furthermore, we represent two use cases which will explain in detail how the Anonymous Credential will be used in real-life.


GEMS & GEMOLOGY WINTER 2019 A fter the discovery of a gem mineral with unusual color-change behavior in the Russian Ural Mountains during the early 1830s, Swedish mineralogist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld named this new gem alexandrite in 1834 in honor of the future Czar Alexander II (Kozlov, 2005). This immediately created a royal and romantic aura around this variety of chrysoberyl. The most coveted alexandrites exhibit a lush green to greenish blue color in daylight and a warm, bright red shade in candlelight (Levine, 2008); some fine Brazilian and Indian alexandrite examples are shown in figures 1–3 and 6. This phenomenal color change is caused by the presence of trace Cr3+ substituting for Al3+ in the chrysoberyl crystal structure. Alexandrite is routinely described as "emerald by day, ruby by night." It is a stone of duality—green or red, cool or warm, day or night (Levine, 2008). Because of its rare and attractive color-change phenomenon, alexandrite has been highly sought after and is one of the most valuable gemstones in the trade. Alexandrite, particularly fine-quality material, is also very scarce; it has generally been a byproduct of mining other major colored stones. Overall production statistics are hard to evaluate. It has been mined in Russia (Kozlov, 2005; Schmetzer, 2010), Tanzania


Problems: What is human capital? How is a knowledge worker's human capital cultivated? In what way can an impresario help a knowledge worker to cultivate and capitalise on his or her human capital?
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impresario approach on talent with today's knowledge workers and their human capital. A visualisation of such an approach might lead to ways of assisting knowledge workers to cultivate and capitalise their human capital. Method: An Impresario Approach on human capital was created to fulfil this purpose. The Impresario Approach was built with the help of a paradigm over the components the impresario relates to. These components include the impresarios that were studied in an empirical research on their ways to assist their clients. It was complemented with a research on the academic field of human capital concerning the content and the cultivation of it together with ways to brand the capital in order to capitalise on it. The Impresario Approach was analysed and concluded into a way of viewing knowledge worker's human capital and how it can be cultivated and capitalised.
Thesis: The Impresario Approach can be applied to assist a number of different types of knowledge workers. The approach puts great demands on the impresario to command five roles. The impresario and the knowledge worker can be very successful at attaining their goals, if the impresario is skilled in the roles and if the knowledge worker has certain attributes and is motivated to achieve the goals they set out together.


Chemical and cation exchange characteristics, x-ray and DTA study of coarse and fine soil clays from duny areas of western Rajasthan showed that fine clays contained smectite, mica, mica-smectite and kaolinite. In addition to these, dune soil clay had minor amount of interlayered smectite and chloritic minerals, whereas the interdunal soil clay had vermiculite, and the alluvial plain soil clay chloritic minerals. Coarse clays in all the soils were dominated by illite (mica) followed by smectite and kaolinite. Amorphous material was also present in both fine and coarse clays.


This article discusses the economics of sovereign defaults, summarizing lessons from existing work on this issue. In particular, the article describes the costs associated with a sovereign default episode, identifies circumstances that are likely to lead to a default, and discusses how understanding sovereign defaults may help to account for distinctive economic features of emerging economies.


Recent literature has uncovered evidence that the seasonal pattern in industrial production changes over the business cycle, with seasonality being less pronounced in periods of high growth than in the low growth (or recession) business cycle phase. Matas-Mir and Osborn (2002) examine this effect using monthly data for various OECD countries, showing that the change in the seasonal pattern is typically concentrated in the summer months. The present paper extends this analysis in a specifically European context, by presenting measures of the extent of seasonal/business cycle interactions for industrial production series from European countries. The analysis is undertaken using a nonlinear threshold model that allows the overall mean and seasonal characteristics to change with the regime. The extent of seasonality in each regime is represented as the average absolute deviation of the steady state growth in each month from the overall steady state mean growth in that regime, with seasonality considered both over twelve months and over the summer months only. Seasonal/business cycle interaction is then measured in two ways, namely as the difference and the ratio of the regime- dependent seasonality, again separately for all months and for the summer. The results reinforce previous findings of reduced seasonality in higher growth periods, with the seasonal pattern being moderated by around 20 percent (both over the year and in the summer months) in some European countries.


Background: Laboratory ordering functions within computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems typically support the display of electronic alert messages to improve test utilization or implement new ordering policies. However, alert strategies have been shown to vary considerably in their success and the characteristics contributing to an alert′s success are poorly understood. Improved methodologies are needed to evaluate alerts and their mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods: Clinicians order inpatient and emergency department laboratory tests using our institutional CPOE system. We analyzed user interaction data captured by our CPOE system to evaluate how clinicians responded to an alert. We evaluated an alert designed to implement an institutional policy restricting the indications for ordering creatine kinase-MB (CKMB). Results: Within 2 months of alert implementation, CKMB-associated searches declined by 79% with a corresponding decline in CKMB orders. Furthermore, while prior to alert implementation, clinicians searching for CKMB ultimately ordered this test 99% of the time, following implementation, only 60% of CKMB searches ultimately led to CKMB test orders. This difference presumably represents clinicians who reconsidered the need for CKMB in response to the alert, demonstrating the alert′s just-in-time advisory capability. In addition, as clinicians repeatedly viewed the alert, there was a "dose-dependant" decrease in the fraction of searches without orders. This presumably reflects the alerting strategy′s long-term educational component, as clinicians aware of the new policy will not search for CKMB when not indicated. Conclusions: Our analytic approach provides insight into the mechanism of a CPOE alert and demonstrates that alerts may act through a combination of just-in-time advice and longer term education. Use of this approach when implementing alerts may prove useful to improve the success of a given alerting strategy.


After firms making direct investment overseas,will the investment substitute former export on account of local production,or will they create more export since foreign subsidiaries import machinery and intermediate goods? This issue is of the utmost importance to today' s China, which promptly evolved from a country with only large IEs and inward FDI to a country with also large outward FDI.This paper reviews the trade substitution view and the trade creation view of OFDI,then summarizes the contingency view of OFDI/export relationship,and analyzes the main contingency factors.It also studies the representative literature of Chinese research on OFDI/export relationship.Finally,it obtains review conclusion and policy implications.


Branch-width is defined for graphs, matroids, and, more generally, arbitrary symmetric submodular functions. For a finite set V, a function f on the set of subsets 2V of V is submodular if f(X) + f(Y) ≥ f(X ∩ Y) + f(X ∪ Y), and symmetric if f(X) = f(V \ X). We discuss the computational complexity of recognizing that symmetric submodular functions have branch-width at most k for fixed k. An integer-valued symmetric submodular function f on 2V is a connectivity function if f(θ) = 0 and f({v}) ≤ 1 for all v ∈ V. We show that for each constant k, if a connectivity function f on 2V is presented by an oracle and the branch-width of f is larger than k, then there is a certificate of polynomial size (in |V|) such that a polynomial-time algorithm can verify the claim that branch-width of f is larger than k. In particular it is in coNP to recognize matroids represented over a fixed field with branch-width at most k for fixed k.


considerably the potential for heavy ion physics. OCR momentum muons and the two intact protons. OCR Output proton experiments on heavy ion collisions and vice versa. OCR Output the source and the accumulation scheme and has to be studied in detail.


Objective To explore the security and efficiency of propofol infusion in elderly patients undergoing painless endoscopy. Methods A total of 120 elderly outpatient patients (aged over 60 years) undergoing endoscopy in the same perior were randomly divided into two groups: propofol infusion group (group A) and routine group(group B). The patients in group A received an infusion of a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of propofol within 20 s. When the eyelash reflex disappeared, the endoscopy was performed. The dose of propofol could be increased by 20-30 mg according to the time of the endoscopy and body response. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate(HR) and saturation of peripheral oxygen(SpO2) were recorded before endoscopy, during endoscopy and after operation. The complications and patient/endoscopist satisfaction were recorded. Results The levels of SBP, DBP, HR of group A during endoscopy were decreased (P0.05), while the levels of SBP, DBP, HR of group B during endoscopy were increased (P0.05). There were significant differences during operation between the two groups (P0.05).SpO2 of group B was decreased more significantly than group A during the endoscopy operation (P0.05).The incidence rate of complications in group B was higher than that in group A(P0.05). The satisfaction degree of patients or endoscopist was higher in group A than that in group B(P0.05). Conclusions Propofol infusion in elderly outpatient patients has a little influence on breath and circulation. Painless endoscopy is safe and efficient for elderly patients.


Entanglement properties of purified quantum states are of key interest for two reasons. First, in quantum information theory minimally entangled purified states define the Entanglement of Purification as a fundamental measure for the complexity of the corresponding physical mixed state. Second, dynamical entanglement growth in purified states represents the main bottleneck for calculating dynamical physical properties on classical computers in the framework of tensor network states. Here, we demonstrate how geometric methods including parallel transport may be harnessed to drastically reduce such dynamical entanglement growth, and to obtain a general prescription for maintaining (locally) optimal entanglement entropy when time-evolving a purified state. Adapting and extending by higher order skew corrections the notion of Uhlmann geometric phases, we thus reveal the relation between dynamical entanglement growth and the geometry of the Hilbert-Schmidt bundle as the mathematical foundation of purified states. With benchmarks on a non-integrable spin chain model, we compare the computational performance of matrix product state algorithms based on our present geometric disentangling method to previous approaches for taming entanglement growth in purified states. Our findings provide numerical evidence that geometric disentanglers are at least competitive and even outperform existing techniques in an extended parameter regime relevant to the practical calculation of dynamical response functions. To exclude the effect of avoidable algorithmic imperfections, we provide a numerically exact analysis for systems of moderate size.


Results are presented from a search for H2 emission lines in the near-IR for a group of 18 type 1 Seyferts and quasars. Lines were detected in 12 objects including two quasars, 3C 273 and IRAS 13349 + 2438 and one bare type 1 Seyfert NGC 3783. The data for H2 and Br-gamma lines are analyzed and the H2 emission properties are compared with those in dusty AGN and H II region galaxies. The results suggest that H2 emission is closely related to AGN activity and that X-ray heating is the mechanism for H2 excitation in type 1 Seyferts and quasars. A transition from type 2 Seyferts to type 1 Seyferts is proposed in terms of the consumption of molecular clouds due to mass inflow to the center and star-forming regions. It is shown that the observations, combined with other observations from X-ray to radio wavelengths, may be explained consistently with the molecular torus models. 94 refs.


This paper reports estimates of a GNP function for Switzerland using data covering most of the post-war period. The paper provides one of the first empirical applications of a new functional form, the Symmetric Normalized Quadratic variable profit function which allows convexity in prices and concavity in fixed inputs to be imposed globally. Some of our empirical results are as follows: the Swiss demand for imports and supply of exports are relatively price inelastic; investment goods have only a very low import content at the margin; an improvement in the terms of trade favors mostly capital.


This article analyzes comparatively Chungjoon Lee's novel Chukje and Kwontaek Lim's film Chukje, and studies aspects of communication between two genres, the adaptation of traditional dramatic performances to modern epic styles, and traditional values embodied in the discourse which is formed in the communicative structure between the novel and the film. The common story unfolds by the coexistence and the mutual infiltration of three story lines. The story line following the funeral ceremony, the story line of a fairy tale, and story line of the carnivalesque. The story line of the funeral ceremony is about the whole process of attending funeral rites, by writer Lee, Jun-sub who hears about his old mother's death, goes down to his hometown and goes through the funeral procedures. The story line of a fairy tale is on realizing the old mother's belief of life and rebirth imagined. The story line of the carnivalesque is on the tumult caused by the disordered behavior of the people attending the funeral, and the amplification and dissolution of their conflict. The three story lines unite into one big flow and form the plot of Chukje. The three story lines merge into one in the memorial picture taking sequence, which is the vanishing point of perspective representation. Chukje's plot is a formality replacing an old woman's life completed and liberated by death with the lives of the old mother's descendants, and also the transfer process in attending the soul as a family god, in other words, making a traditional play with the god acceptance ceremony. That is to say that the novel and film Chukje is a narrative form that represents a funeral ceremony with traditional dramatic esthetics. The protagonist of the novel and film makes his little daughter understand her grandmother's reincarnation and existence on a different level, and is the mastermind in realizing the funeral into a god acceptance ceremony. The fairy tale replacing the place of the deceased or the god acceptance ceremony transcending life and death, is the festival of visual and linguistic existence on the immorality of the mother character which the writer is trying to realize through writing. The character of the mother carries on with a sameness of redemption to both Jun-sub and her granddaughter. In this sameness, past, present, and future times are eternally present. A funeral ceremony is used as a traditional performing art such as a Madanggeuk play, and a traditional ideology such as filial piety is one of the main subjectmatters. They are all successfully adapted into modern genres such as novel literature and film. The discourse in the communicative structure, where an immortal image of maternity is created, opens up new possibilities in Korean narratology.


It is shown that the index law of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is recovered when nonstandard analysis is applied, and then the solutions of Euler's differential equation are obtained in nonstandard analysis, where infinitesimal number ε appears. They are given in the form, from which the solutions in distribution theory are obtained. In the derivation, the AC-Laplace transforms of functions t and tν(loge t) m for complex number ν and positive integer m, are used. By using these formulas, the AC-Laplace transforms of functions t−n+ε and t(loge t) m for positive integers n and m, and their pseudofunctions are obtained with the aid of nonstandard analysis.


The development of the cultural - historical tourism in Mykolayivshtshina of the second half of the ХХth - the beginning of the ХХIth century is investigated in the dissertation. The research is carried out on the basis of comparison of the features of the development of the cultural - historical tourism in Mykolayiv area in the Soviet times and within the independence of the Ukraine. The tourist potential of Mykolayivshtshina and its historical cultural resources are defined. On the basis of the analysis of the documents of the regional archive the features of cultural historical tourism in the Mykolayiv area in the Soviet time are opened. Dynamics of the development of the historical cultural tourism of the postsoviet period is investigated on the basis of the analysis of the quantitative parameters of tourism in area, data of current archives of the regional management of culture, the development of the tourist infrastructure and advertising information maintenance.


Property of the anodized films formed at high current density in sulfuric acid solution was investigated. Degreased 99.85% aluminum and AL-Zn-Mg alloy were anodized in sulfuric acid solutions of 25% at 35°C, by applying D. C in a range of 5-50A/dm2. The pores radius of the anodized films were widened and dye-affinity of the anodized films were increased as rising of current density. Alkaline resistance and abrasion resistance were decreased as rising of current density. The anodized films on AL-Zn-Mg alloy formed of high current density was stripped from the substrate metal. It was suggested that dissolution of the anodized film at high current density in sulfuric acid solution was remarkable.


This paper aims to discuss the importance of Luis da Câmara Cascudo for Brazilian Social Thought, based on analyses of his book "Supersticao e Costumes". That book presents a richly detailed ethnography on the customs and superstitions that inhabit the social imaginary, thus enhancing folkloric aspects in the social manifestation of peoples. Cascudo argues that folklore is not characteristic of primitive and backward peoples, but of all peoples, in its many shapes and symbols. The article was divided in two parts, where we intend to discuss: a) the formation of Brazilian Social Thought through the works and the life trajectory of Cascudo, and b) socio anthropological analyzes made from the chronicles of the book in question.


ABSTRACT Commercial forest plantations are increasing globally, absorbing a large amount of carbon valuable for climate change mitigation. Whereas most carbon assimilation studies have mainly focused on natural forests, understanding the spatial distribution of carbon in commercial forests is central to determining their role in the global carbon cycle. Forest soils are the largest carbon reservoir; hence soils under commercial forests could store a significant amount of carbon. However, the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) within forest landscapes is still poorly understood. Due to limitations encountered in traditional systems of SOC determination, especially at large spatial extents, remote sensing approaches have recently emerged as a suitable option in mapping soil characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed at predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in commercial forests using Landsat 8 data. Eighty-one soil samples were processed for SOC concentration and fifteen Landsat 8 derived variables, including vegetation indices and bands were used as predictors to SOC variability. The random forest (RF) was adopted for variable selection and regression method for SOC prediction. Variable selection was done using RF backward elimination to derive three best subset predictors and improve prediction accuracy. These variables were then used to build the RF final model for SOC prediction. The RF model yielded good accuracies with root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) of 0.704 t/ha (16.50% of measured mean SOC) and 10-fold cross-validation of 0.729 t/ha (17.09% of measured mean SOC). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of Landsat 8 bands and derived vegetation indices and RF algorithm in predicting SOC stocks in commercial forests. This study provides an effective framework for local, national or global carbon accounting as well as helps forest managers constantly evaluate the status of SOC in commercial forest compartments.


Since the eighties of the 20th century,the result of the rapid development in our country in psychological consultation and treatment and psychologic teaching and coaching,is not satisfactory,this is not merely because western theory limitation of itself,and still involves the question of concrete application of the theory and technology.Practice of thinking,making investigations with people's further observation and psychological consultation is found that Chinese have unique solving one's own psychological health problem way.Then,where is the origin of the unique way,it is the Chinese culture in brief.These viewpoints from the theory to practice,all have a great deal of important enlightenment to psychological consultation.


This paper proposes a comprehensive approach for modeling pedestrian wayfinding behavior in complex buildings. This study employs two types of discrete choice models (i.e., MNL and PSL) featuring pedestrian route choice behavior, and three multivariate linear regression (MLR) models featuring the overall wayfinding performance and observation behavior (e.g., hesitation behavior and head rotation). Behavioral and questionnaire data featuring pedestrian wayfinding behavior and personal information were collected using a Virtual Reality experiment. Four wayfinding tasks were designed to determine how personal, infrastructure, and route characteristics affect indoor pedestrian wayfinding behavior on three levels, including route choice, wayfinding performance, and observation behavior. We find that pedestrian route choice behavior is primarily influenced by route characteristics, whereas wayfinding performance is also influenced by personal characteristics. Observation behavior is mainly influenced by task complexity, personal characteristics, and local properties of the routes that offer route information. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first attempt to investigate the impact of the same comprehensive set of variables on various metrics feature wayfinding behavior simultaneously.


The invention relates to a cooling system of a forming machine for an electronic component package carrier. The cooling system comprises: a guide rail for guiding a continuously long sheet package carrier to linearly slide along the self long shaft direction of the package carrier, wherein the guide rail has an open long slide part, and the long shaft of the open long slide part is in parallel with the long shaft of the package carrier; a limiting block which bears against two sides of the long shaft of the package carrier; and a first cooling device which is arranged on the guide rail and is used for maintaining temperatures of side edges at the two sides of the long shaft of the package carrier in a preset range. The cooling system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient refit, realization of preventing materials from the warpage and the deformation caused by heat, and product quality improvement.


A portable fogging apparatus has been developed to deliver fog to field or greenhouse experimental plots. The device is inexpensive, easy to construct, requires little maintenance, and is transported easily to remote locations. The system uses compressed gas, but requires no pressurized fresh water source or electrical power. It has been used successfully to deliver acidic fogs both to remote field plots and to greenhouse plants.


Summary form only given. "The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it." Seldom has an era begun equally decidedly as the age of Pervasive Computing with these famous words from Mark Weiser has in 1991. However, while computers have almost shrunk to disappearance in the meantime, user interfaces have not. The challenge of the "natural user interface" has obstinately resisted all efforts of improvement and, for example, voice recognition is still in its infancy. Amazingly, the potential of motion tracking has not been exploited beyond very narrow confines either. This is a pity because the performance of sensor hardware has lately made remarkable progress. At the example of selected projects including a Virtual Panorama, an Electronic Score, a Tai Chi motion trainer and a biofeedback system for Buto dancers that have emerged from our systems research, we shall illustrate how the human body itself can serve as a seamless and powerful user interface for innovative computer applications. We shall explain and discuss some tracking and classifying algorithms and, at the examples of Tai Chi, Buto and a medical monitor of heart activity, elaborate on the subtle transition from using body movement to control a computer to using a computer for analyzing body movement and state.


Introduction 181 I. The Transition to Digital Television 184 A. A Brief History 184 B. The Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Act's Effect on OTA-Only Households 187 II. The Digital Television Transition and the First Amendment 192 A. The Digital Television Transition Implicates the Rights of OTA-Only Households to Receive Information and Ideas 193 1. The Supreme Court recognizes the right to receive information in the television context 194 2. The Supreme Court interprets the right to receive information to imply a negative right 195 3. The digital television transition, as it affects OTAonly households, implicates a negative right 196 B. The Digital Television Transition Impermissibly Infringes on the Rights of OTA-Only Households to Receive Information and Ideas 197 1. Introducing the public forum doctrine 198