We will skip the physical layer and the detail of how communication signals are sent and received. In doing so, we are simply going to assume (a correct assumption) that we are capable of sending bits over a single link. Using this abstraction, the DLC layer becomes responsible for reliable transmission of packets over a single link. Reliable transmission of packets means that every packet is delivered once, only once, without errors, and in order. To achieve this goal, the DLC layer performs three operations: • Framing: determines start and end of packets (all we see is a string of bits) and their order by inserting packet headers • Error detection: determines when errors exist using packet trailers • Error correction: retransmits packets containing errors


The effects of four combinations of AI and natural service (NS) breeding on production and reproduction parameters were analyzed using Holstein Dairy Herd Improvement herd summary records for years 1999 through 2002. Herds were assigned to breeding systems (BS) by percentage of NS usage as follows: 1) 0%, 2) 1 to 20%, 3) 21 to 89%, and 4) 90 to 100%. Regions were North, Midsouth, and South. Herd sizes were small ( 250 cows). The mean percentages of AI and NS usage over 4 yr by BS were 1) 100%, 0%; 2) 92.9%, 7.1%; 3) 54.2%, 45.8%; and 4) 1.0%, 99.0%. Actual calving interval was shorter (P<0.05) for BS4 compared with the other systems. Herds using a combination of AI and NS (BS2 and BS3) had longer actual calving intervals than did herds in BS1 (P<0.05). Days dry and the percentage of dry periods between 40 to 70 d were less for BS1 (P<0.05). The percentage of cows leaving the herd was significantly less for BS4. The percentage of cows leaving the herd for reproductive reasons was greater for BS1 (P<0.05). Overall reproductive efficiency as measured by the percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for BS1 and declined as the percentage of NS increased. Actual calving interval, days dry, and percentage of dry periods between 40 to 70 d were less in the North (P<0.05). Percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield were greater in the North (P<0.05). Herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for large-size herds and decreased with declining herd size.


This is a supplement to [Na]. In [Na] we have proposed a new category of complex symplectic varieties which admit certain singularities. It includes symplectic V-manifolds (cf. [Fu]) and O'Grady's singular moduli spaces of semi-stable torsion free sheaves on a K3 surface [O] (cf. [Na], Introduction). A normal compact Kahler space Z is a symplectic variety if its regular locus U admits a non-degenerate holomorphic closed 2-form ω with the following property: for any resolution ν : Z̃ → Z of Z with ν(U) ∼= U , the 2-form ω on ν(U) extends to a holomorphic 2-form on Z̃. If Z can be embedded in a projective space, Z is called a projective symplectic variety. Our purpose is to give a positive answer to the following problem posed in [Na]:


NiO nanorods of diameter 50−100 nm and length 400−500 nm doped with Fe have been synthesized in the presence of ethylenediamine by the hydrothermal method. The lattice constant does not change appreciably with Fe doping. Nanorods are highly oriented along the (111) direction having hexagonal facet ends. The average aspect ratio of synthesized nanorods varies between 4 and 8. Doping of Fe into NiO introduces an optical absorption band at 220 nm. Pure NiO nanorods exhibit weak ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic like behaviors. The introduction of Fe within NiO lattice produces a significant ferromagnetic property with a coercive field of 614 Oe.


To model the benet accrued due to limited rate feedback on the information transfer of optimal 'input covariance matrices' from a channel-aware receiver to the transmitting users in a multiple-access channel, we study the distortion-rate tradeo


The utility model relates to a protective spectacle lens used when watching a screen which is coated with different metallic films on a concave point of a tailor-made optical glass with a vacuum coating film process, at the same time, which is coated with a dielectric layer outside the metallic film to protect the metallic film. The protective spectacle lens is arranged on a frame with different shapes to form protective spectacles for people to protect the eyes. When wearing the reflective protective goggles to watch TV and operate a computer, the injury for eyes caused by excess electromagnetic wave and light wave can be prevented, to prevent eye illnesses such as eye dryness, cataract caused by crystalline lens and vitreous and opacities, myopia, etc.


Throughout their lives, animals adapt their behaviour to environmental fluctuations and to their own requirements. In social insects, behavioural changes are often particularly conspicuous. For example, in many ant species, reproductive sexuals leave their maternal nests and engage in risky mating and dispersal activities. Female sexuals experience, during a short period of time, dramatic changes in terms of behaviour and environmental conditions. But because sexual activities of ants are not easily observed, few studies have quantified in detail how behaviour alters with maturation and mating. We studied how various behavioural traits of Leptothorax gredleri female sexuals, a species in which female sexuals attract males by 'female calling', change before and after mating. We tested the hypothesis that behavioural variation reflects the altered requirements of queens to adapt to a particular situation. To this end, we compared geotactic, phototactic and locomotor behaviour across a wide range of life stages from lightly coloured, unmated female sexuals to old, mated queens. The results showed that female sexuals of L. gredleri change conspicuously their geotactic, phototactic and locomotor behavioural traits over their life stages. Three different behavioural states were evident (1) from light to dark female sexuals, individuals have negative phototaxis and reduced locomotor activity; (2) mature female sexuals during the daily period of sexual activity have strong phototaxis, negative geotaxis and an important locomotor activity; and (3) freshly mated and old mated queens avoid light and decrease their locomotor activity. These sharp differences in behaviour between stages match the transition from the relative safety of the nest chamber to the adversary world outside the nest, and back.


Functional impairment is a key aspect of mental disorders, yet it is poorly defined and operationalized, particularly for youth. The Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) has been indicated as a potentially useful measure to assess functional impairment. This study provides an initial psychometric evaluation of the CIS‐Youth (CIS‐Y) Version in a sample of youth accessing an outpatient substance use programme.


In this paper, the relation between the prebreakdown current pulses and the initiation of the density change streamer in cyclohexane under negative impulse voltage condition was investigated. The current pulses and the streamers were observed simultaneously using the reference electrode method and a high-speed optical system, respectively. The time difference between the onset of the first prebreakdown current pulse and the initiation of the negative streamer was obtained to be approximately 78 ns. The initiation electric field of the negative streamer is calculated to be 27.9 MV/cm/spl sim/35.3 MV/cm.


Language communication is a unique human activity. In the activity the participants should obey some conventions, such as the cooperation principle. Even so, however, in the actual language communication, because of the different cognitive schemes of the participants that result in the different realization about the context and situation and because of the tones as well as the grammars, there still is the phenomenon that the information that the speaker sends is different with the information that the hearer receives, that is the information gap. The paper analyzes the phenomenon from the tone and grammar level, semantic level and pragmatic level etc.


Based on the learning mechanism of OLAM net-work and the theory of γ-spectrum analysis,an artificial neural net-work to carry out the activity analysis of nuclides was constructed.For getting γ-spectrum of the nuclide of a simple substance to train the net,the characteristic spectra of the nuclide were simulated with the scale equations given in the spectrum analysis software.The well-trained net was used to calculate the activities of nuclides 238U,226Ra,232Th,40K and 137Cs in the samples of environmental soil.By comparing the results with the SPAS-G calculation,the average relative deviation is 2.24%,and this indicates that both the net construction and the characteristic spectrum simulation are successful.


Creating a laser system with a high average output power and at the same time high pulse energies is a challenging task. In the past it was shown that thin-disk multipass amplifiers can achieve excellent properties for ultrashort laser pulses at over 1 kW of average power [1]. Furthermore, systems combining multipass and regenerative thin-disk amplifiers achieved 700 mJ of pulse energy at a repetition rate of 1000 Hz.


The need for tunable optical transmitters in optical networking is growing at a rapid rate. A tunable optical transmitter is the combination of a tunable laser, an isolator, and a modulator. Although today lasers and modulators could be integrated together on a single chip, an integrated component of this type would not be useful because the absence of an isolator between the two elements would cause optical reflections to reach the laser, leading to a high level of frequency chirp and relaxation oscillations. Therefore discrete external modulators are used, and lasers are coupled to them through discrete optical isolators. We report on recent developments in integrated active, thermo-optic, magneto-optic and electro-optic technologies that enable the production of a fully integrated tunable transmitter. This transmitter consists of a planar polymer waveguide circuit that is built on a silicon chip and in which films of a variety of materials are embedded. This subsystem on a chip includes a laser chip coupled to a thermo-optically tunable planar polymeric filter resulting in a tunable external cavity laser; an integrated magneto-optic isolator consisting of a planar polymer waveguide with inserted thin films of yttrium iron garnet for Faraday rotation, crystal ion sliced LiNbO3 for half-wave retardation, and polarizers; and an electro-optic modulator consisting of a crystal ion sliced LiNbO3 thin film patterned with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and grafted into the polymer circuit, capable of operating with less than 5 Volts at modulation speeds up to 40 Ghz.


Although the inhibitory effect of iron on macrophage production of tumoricidal free radical nitric oxide (NO) has been reported, its possible influence on macrophage anti‐tumour activity has not been established. In the present study, FeSO4 markedly reduced IFN‐γ + LPS‐induced NO synthesis in mouse and rat macrophages. The effect of iron coincided with the loss of macrophage cytotoxic activity against NO‐sensitive C6 rat astrocytoma and L929 mouse fibrosarcoma cell lines, as measured by MTT assay for cellular respiration and the crystal violet test for cell viability. Tumour cell survival did not improve further in the presence of FeSO4 if macrophage NO release and cytotoxicity were already blocked by aminoguanidine. In accordance with the results obtained with exogenous iron, cell membrane permeable iron chelator o‐phenanthroline enhanced both macrophage NO release and anti‐tumour activity. Iron also down‐regulated NO production and increased the viability of L929 fibrosarcoma cells stimulated with IFN‐γ + LPS in the absence of macrophages. However, neither NO release nor cell viability was affected by iron addition to cultures of the C6 astrocytoma cell line. Iron was unable to prevent L929 and C6 cell death induced by the NO releasing chemicals SNP and SIN‐1, indicating that iron‐mediated inhibition of NO synthesis, rather than interference with its cytotoxic action, was responsible for the protection of tumour cells. Collectively, these results indicate that iron might protect tumour cells by reducing both macrophage and tumour cell‐derived NO release.


Smartphones and tablets with rich graphical user interfaces (GUI) are becoming increasingly popular. Hundreds of thousands of specialized applications, called apps, are available for such mobile platforms. Manual testing is the most popular technique for testing graphical user interfaces of such apps. Manual testing is often tedious and error-prone. In this paper, we propose an automated technique, called Swift-Hand, for generating sequences of test inputs for Android apps. The technique uses machine learning to learn a model of the app during testing, uses the learned model to generate user inputs that visit unexplored states of the app, and uses the execution of the app on the generated inputs to refine the model. A key feature of the testing algorithm is that it avoids restarting the app, which is a significantly more expensive operation than executing the app on a sequence of inputs. An important insight behind our testing algorithm is that we do not need to learn a precise model of an app, which is often computationally intensive, if our goal is to simply guide test execution into unexplored parts of the state space. We have implemented our testing algorithm in a publicly available tool for Android apps written in Java. Our experimental results show that we can achieve significantly better coverage than traditional random testing and L*-based testing in a given time budget. Our algorithm also reaches peak coverage faster than both random and L*-based testing.


During these years, GIS is being on a rapid development phase not only in theory, but in application as well. It has become a research domain of multiple-subject crossing and multiple-direction discussion. This paper discussed that GIS technology was applied to planning of Karst Rocky Desertification comprehensive prevention, and elaborated the procedure's carrying out based on GIS in the principle of planning. It would greatly improve the work efficiency and quality and provide the full, accurate and fast foundation information support.


This article focuses on understanding human behaviour by providing an insight into its underlying mechanisms, and aims to widen the view on the military possibilities for achieving mission goals. The article intends to trigger a more behaviour-oriented view on military operations: how military actions can influence behaviour and thereby achieve military goals, by integrating traditional with non-traditional military responses. It describes what the authors think needs to change in the military mindset and the process of design in order to effectively employ military means to affect cognitive processes and change human behaviour in traditional and non-traditional ways. Manoeuvre is also psychological influence, and psychological engagement is also playing hardball. Incorporating all methods in military actions is inevitable.


Abstract Background Retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) is a type of adipokine which transports vitamin A to serum. RBP4 could be a bridge between obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on RBP4 serum's concentration and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese women. Methods Twenty obese women with body max index 35.81±3.67Kg/m2, fat percentage 43.98±4.02, and waist to hip ratio 1.03±0.05 were included and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received aerobic exercises for a period of 12 weeks each three sessions on treadmill workout. The treadmill speed were based on a 60-65 and 80-85 maximal heart rate percentage and duration of 15-20 and 45-50 minutes, at the beginning and the end of exercise, respectively. Body composition, serum glucose, insulin, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, and RBP4, were measured in both groups before and after the treatment by ELISA method. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR. To compare within group differences and between group comparisons t-correlated and t-independent tests were used, respectively. Results After 12 week aerobic exercises; weight, fat percentage, WHR, and BMI in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). RBP4, insulin, insulin resistance, TG and HDL-C had significant differences between two groups. The cholesterol level, LDL-C and glucose did not have any significant changes. Conclusion The aerobic exercises can decrease body composition, insulin resistance, TG, and RBP4, so it can be beneficial for obese women's health, because it.


It is important to emphasize the importance that every day becomes the assurance of educational quality to students at all academic levels, being even more important in basic education so that the management by those responsible for academic institutions must remain attentive to the service they provide, as well as the academic strategy they have to meet this basic principle. For this reason, it is important to point out that the present investigation seeks to demonstrate how the management of the directors is related to the quality of the educational service of the San Antonio Marianistas School, Bellavista in the Callao Region in the year 2017. To this end, data has been collected through a sample of 150 students, 62 teachers, 23 administrative personnel, 90 parents in whom an opinion survey was used using the Likert value scale and for the variable quality of the educational service, students and parents were surveyed using the never, almost never, sometimes, almost always and always scale. After the analysis of the results, it has been shown that there is a significant relationship between the quality of the service through adequate management by the directors.


PES AMO, HAMADA N. 2004. Ceratotrichia Flint, 1992 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) larval and pupal description and new genus records for Brazil. Entomotropica 19(1):31-37. The first description of Ceratotrichia larva and pupa is provided. Also, this is the first time that this genus is reported in Brazil; the specimens were collected in streams in Presidente Figueiredo County, Amazonas state. Association of the immatures with the adults was made using the metamorphotype technique, and identification was made by comparison of pharate adults with the original genus description. The larva has morphological characteristics typical of the Leucotrichiini tribe. Other new records for Brazil include the genera Alisotrichia Flint and Zumatrichia Mosely, while the record of Anchitrichia Flint is new for Brazilian Amazonia.


Honing tool with a tool body (20) and with a plurality of circumferentially arranged distributed honing stones, at least one honing strip comprises a plurality of segments (9) and a carrier strip (13), and that the segments (9) suspended from the carrier strip (13) are held characterized in that the segments (9) are displaceable in the feed direction relative to the support bar (13).


Under the law of lost evidence, absent a showing of bad faith, no due process violation occurs when the police lose potentially exculpatory evidence. This is so even though the evidence may be critical to the defense and even though post-conviction DNA testing has exonerated more than 200 individuals. Ironically, the case that developed that rule of law, Arizona v. Youngblood, is founded on the conviction of an innocent man. This Article critically examines Youngblood and provides a conceptual framework for examining the constitutional right of access to evidence. Supreme Court precedent reflects two different, sometimes competing, visions of procedural due process: adjudicative fairness to the accused or an instrumental focus on deterring official misconduct. In Youngblood, instrumentalism trumped adjudicative fairness. Moreover, four compelling developments in the twenty-one years since Youngblood was decided—scientific advances, legislative reform, state judicial disapproval, and doctrinal incoherence—have eroded its rationale and legitimacy. ∗ Associate Professor, University of New Mexico School of Law. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Joshua Dressler, Seth Kreimer, David A. Sklansky, and David M. Zlotnick. He also thanks his colleagues at the University of New Mexico School of Law, in particular, Barbara Bergman, Michael B. Browde, and Laura Gomez. He gratefully acknowledges the research assistance of Nan Erdman, Katherine Wray, and Jared DeJong. Washington University Open Scholarship 242 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [VOL. 86:241 For all those reasons, Youngblood no longer merits stare decisis effect and should be overruled. In its place, the Court should apply an approach that takes into account the nature of the government's conduct and the degree of prejudice suffered by the accused. This approach restores balance to the constitutional right of access to evidence; it encompasses a broader vision of due process that promotes adjudicative fairness. In some cases, the loss of potentially exculpatory evidence ought to result in a due process violation, even in the absence of bad faith.


Abstract The historical, current, and projected supply of bark was evaluated. Since the 1980s more than 95 percent of the U.S. bark supply has been utilized in some way. Industrial fuel consumes the largest share of the market for bark, absorbing about 83 percent of softwood bark and 66 to 71 percent of hardwood bark. Current market share of bark for horticulture use (categorized in the miscellaneous group), is about 15 percent of softwood bark supply and about 30 percent of hardwood bark supply. In recent years, domestic timber harvest has been relatively stable or has slightly decreased. During the same time period, there has been an increasing demand for bark as an energy resource. Based on historical data, linear models were fitted between U.S. timber harvest and bark generation at the regional level. With those fitted models, projected bark generation was estimated based on the timber harvest data of the fifth Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) timber assessment. It is estimated that only a minor...


Introduction: Every postpartum mothe r got a perineal wound and experience pain. This pain results in unpleasant effect such as fear of movement which can lead to problems such as sub uterine involution, unhealthy release of lochea, and postpartum bleeding. The purpose of the study was to determine effectiveness of cold compress and lavender aromatherapy on the reduction in postpartum perineal pain intensity. Methods: This study uses a Quasi-Experiment method with a pre-post test design. 32 samples were divided into 16 cold compresses and 16 lavender aromatherapy. The independent variable is the supply of cold compresses and lavender aromatherapy. The dependent variable is postpartum perineal pain. Data collection with standard operating procedures (SOP) for cold compresses, and lavender aromatherapy and observation sheets with bourbonic pain scales. Analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to find out before and after, to determine the effectiveness of using the Mann Whitney test . Results : Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test P= 0.000 which means there is a difference in pain intensity before and after cold compresses are given , As for the lavender aromatherapy variable, the value of P= 0.008 means that there is a difference in pain intensity before and after lavender aromatherapy is given . Mann-Whitney U Test statistic shows that the significance value P = 0.077 , so there is no significant difference between giving cold compress and lavender aromatherapy to reduction in postpartum perineal pain intensity . Conclusions: Cold compresses and lavender aromatherapy can be used as nonpharmacological therapy in reducing the intensity of postpartum perineal pain.


In this paper, we consider a parallel profile model for several groups. Given the parallel profile model we construct tests based on the likelihood ratio, without any restrictions on the parameter ...


Persons older than 65 years numbered 39.6 million in 2009 representing 12.9% of the U.S. population. There will be roughly 72 million older persons by 2030, more than twice their number in 2000. Babyboomers entered this category in 2011 largely accounting for this increase in the older population. This growth will have wideranging implications for the country including in health care management. Treatment of dementia has become a higher priority in the last 10 years as the risks compound with the aging population. Along with the aging population and better recognition of dementia, the prevalence of dementia has grown in this decade and is expected to climb between 8 and 13 million by 2050.


Abstract In November 1876, two Oneida Indians, Abram Elm and Lewis Doxtator, were arrested for voting illegally in the twenty-third congressional district election in New York. Their trial was held the next year in a federal court in the Northern District of New York, the same venue where Susan B. Anthony had been tried and convicted on a similar charge four years earlier. This essay focuses on the significance of the historically neglected United States v. Elm case, its origins, why the decision was rendered, and its short-term and long-term impact. Importantly, United States v. Elm has cast a long shadow over Supreme Court decisions—from the time of Elk v. Wilkins in 1884 right up to City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation in New York in 2005. In going to the polls, the two Native Americans were not trying to deny their Oneida identity; they saw themselves as dual citizens advocating a different course of resistance.


Objective To study the neuroprotective effects of snake venom nerve growth factor(vNGF) on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) after optic nerve crush in rat by observing microtubule associated protein-1B(MAP-1B).Methods Forty wistar rats were divided randomly into experimental treatment group and experimental control group,20 in each group.The rat's optic nerve was crushed with mini-vascular nip.After crushed the optic nerve of the right eyes,100 BU(0.025 mL) of vNGF were injected into the injury eyes of vitreous in experimental treatment group.Balance salt solution(0.025 mL) was injected into the injury eyes of vitreous in experimental control group.The left eyes were not treated with anything as normal control group.In 3 days,7 days,14 days,30 days,60 days after injury,the histological changes of the retina were observed.The numbers of the RGCs were counted by microscope.The morphological changes of the retina were observed by electronic microscope,and the MAP-1B were stained and analyzed with immunohistochemical method.Results Under microscope,in 3~30 days after injury,the number of RGCs in the experimental treatment group was higher than that in the experimental control group(P0.01).The numbers of RGCs in the experimental control and experimental treatment groups were lower than normal control group.Their differences were significant (P0.01).In 60 days after injury,the differences between the numbers of RGC in the experimental treatment group and experimental control group were not significant(P0.05).Under electron microscope,in 14 days after injury,the numbers of microtubules in the experimental group were more than those in the experimental control group obviously.The results of immunohistochemical staining:expression of MAP-1B in the experimental treatment groups was gradually increasing during 2 weeks,and decreasing obviously at one month.At 3 days,it was showed that there were expression of MAP-1B in the experimental control groups and decreasing obviously at the second week.Conclusion In the early stage of optic nerve injury,vNGF can decrease the loss of retinal ganglion cells and protect RGCs from injury by evoking the expression of the MAP-1B.


NADPH oxidase–generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) from immune cells are well known to be important for pathogen killing in response to TLR ligands. Here, we investigated a new aspect of NADPH oxidase in the TLR2/6‐induced release of the immunologically relevant GM‐CSF by endothelial cells. Stimulation of human endothelial cells with TLR2/6 agonist, MALP‐2 (macrophage‐activating lipopeptide of 2 kDa), induced NADPH oxidase activation and ROS formation. Inhibition by ROS scavengers and NADPH oxidase inhibitors blocked MALP‐2–induced GM‐CSF release. NADPH oxidase activators or ROS donors alone did not result in GM‐CSF secretion; however, additional superoxide supply augmented MALP‐2–induced GM‐CSF secretion and restored GM‐CSF levels after NADPH oxidase inhibition. MALP‐2–dependent NF‐ĸB activation was suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibition, and inhibition of NF‐ΚB completely blunted MALP‐2–induced GM‐CSF release. Vascular explants from mice that were deficient for the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox showed diminished intimal superoxide production and GM‐CSF release after ex vivo stimulation with MALP‐2. Moreover, an increase in circulating progenitor cells after MALP‐2 injection was completely abolished in p47phox‐knockout mice. Finally, MALP‐2 stimulation increased mRNA expression of the major subunit NADPH oxidase, (Nox)2, in endothelial cells, and Nox2 inhibition prevented MALP‐2–induced GM‐CSF release. Our findings identify a Nox2‐containing NADPH oxidase as a crucial regulator of the immunologic important growth factor GM‐CSF after TLR2/6 stimulation in endothelial cells.—Schuett, J., Schuett, H., Oberoi, R., Koch, A.‐K., Pretzer, S., Luchtefeld, M., Schieffer, B., Grote, K. NADPH oxidase NOX2 mediates TLR2/ 6‐dependent release of GM‐CSF from endothelial cells. FASEB J. 31, 2612–2624 (2017). www.fasebj.org


A perturbation method is developed to consider the problem of the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by an arbitrarily shaped dielectric obstacle whose boundary may be expressed in the general form, in spherical coordinates, ${r}_{p}={r}_{0}[1+\ensuremath{\delta}{f}_{1}(\ensuremath{\theta}, \ensuremath{\varphi})+{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{2}{f}_{2}(\ensuremath{\theta}, \ensuremath{\varphi})+\ensuremath{\cdots}]$ where ${r}_{0}$ is the radius of an unperturbed sphere and ${f}_{n}(\ensuremath{\theta}, \ensuremath{\varphi})$ are arbitrary, single-valued and analytic functions. $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is chosen such that $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\infty}}{n=1}|{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{n}{f}_{n}(\ensuremath{\theta}, \ensuremath{\varphi})|l1, 0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\pi}, 0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\le}2\ensuremath{\pi}.$ Detailed analysis is carried out to the first order in $\ensuremath{\delta}$. Procedures to obtain higher order terms are also indicated. The perturbation solutions are valid for the near zone region of the obstacle as well as for the far zone region and they are applicable for all frequencies. Possible applications of this perturbation technique to elementary-particle scattering problems and other electromagnetic scattering problems are noted.


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The bi-potential method has been successfully applied for the modelling of frictional contact problems in static cases. This paper presents the extension of this method for dynamic analysis of impact problems with multiple deformable bodies. Instead of second order algorithms, a first order algorithm is applied for the numerical integration of the time-discretized equation of motion. The solution algorithm, named Bi-First, is simple and efficient. The principle of energy conservation for the given exemples is well preserved using the algorithm without any regularization. The numerical results also show clearly the physical energy dissipation introduced by frictional effects between the solids in contact.


doing research on a variety of topics in dental health or dentistry. A number of industries carry out or promote dental research on aspects of oral hygiene, dental materials, food and dental health, etc., and a certain amount of research in other disciplines such as micro~ogy and biochemistry, also relates to dental health. ith the voluminous output of publications and reports from all these sources, obviously it will be impossible here to review developments in all aspects of dental caries research. Focusing on preventive measures, recent research has been active in at least six major fields: 1. Oral hygiene to remove plaque and food debris. 2. Fluoride to strengthen the tooth's resistance to attack.


As a result of different geographical environments and historical developments,early Chinese and Russian religious conceptions have their own characteristics. There are obvious differences between them. Chinese ancestors' multi-god worship is internally open and multi-dimensional,but it lacks the exchange with and basically is not influenced by other cultures. It has obvious national characteristics. While Russian ancestors lived beween Eastern and Western civilizations,they were influenced by both. Therefore,the early Russian religious conceptions have the characteristic of civilizational intermixture.


The aim of this article is to consider a class of neutral Caputo fractional stochastic evolution equations with infinite delay (INFSEEs) driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and Poisson jumps in Hilbert space. First, we establish the local and global existence and uniqueness theorems of mild solutions for the aforementioned neutral fractional stochastic system under local and global Carathéodory conditions by using the successive approximations, stochastic analysis, fractional calculus, and stopping time techniques. The obtained existence result in this article is new in the sense that it generalizes some of the existing results in the literature. Furthermore, we discuss the averaging principle for the proposed neutral fractional stochastic system in view of the convergence in mean square between the solution of the standard INFSEEs and that of the simplified equation. Finally, the obtained averaging theory is validated with an example.


The title compound, C17H19N5O6S, crystallizes from a water-acetone solution. The adenine base is in an anti conformation, with a glycosyl torsion angle of - 166.5 (4)degrees. The ribose sugar adopts an envelope conformation (E-3). The toluenesulfonyl moiety is nearly perpendicular to the base. Both Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen sites, N1 and N6, and N6 and N7, of the adenine base are involved in a pair of hydrogen bonds, forming an A.A.A triplet pattern in the crystal lattice.


A method for operating a metering apparatus for reducing agent includes providing the metering apparatus with at least one movable pump element movable between upper and lower reversal points to convey reducing agent into an exhaust-gas treatment component, and at least one position transmitter for determining a pass of the movable pump element. In the method, a first detection of a position of the movable pump element is provided by the position encoder. Subsequently, the movable pump element is moved and reducing agent is metered into the exhaust-gas treatment component. Thereupon, a second detection of a position of the movable pump element is provided by the position encoder, and subsequently a first quantity of reducing agent which is metered between the first and second detections is determined. A metering apparatus and a motor vehicle having a metering apparatus are also provided.


ABSTRACT Comparative democracy indices such as Freedom House Nations in Transit underpin many scholars' perceptions of democratic progress and backsliding. However, these fail to account empirically for practices of deliberation, a central concern in contemporary democratic theory. They also fail to address the ideational nature of emergent global challenges to democracy. This article addresses these domains of empirical neglect by presenting an "Everyday Democracy" approach to democracy evaluation, an ethnographic methodology rooted in an engagement with democratic theory. Data collected in Serbia and Bulgaria is contrasted, revealing a more vibrant and contested public sphere in Serbia, which is usually graded as less democratic. This finding highlights the need for a reassessment of some assumptions that underpin ongoing debates about democratisation, "backsliding" and the evaluation of democracy generally.


Roadway side of coal pillar for the isolation and maintenance of gob roadway, the pillar is the main supporting role, the pillar on the roof rock deformation and failure of the control law has a great influence. The comprehensive analysis of gob-side small pillar of the mechanical condition and failure mechanism, we reached the edge of coal to balance the stress limit at any point of stress and yield zone width calculation. This is the follow-up study, by strengthening the support to improve the extent of the damage of coal pillar, pillar to maintain the stability of small coal pillar width rationally determine the methods, and provide a theoretical basis.


A compact Ku-band bandpass filter is proposed by using low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology in this Letter. For miniaturisation, the folded dual-composite right- and left-handed (D-CRLH) resonator is introduced. By folding the inter-digital capacitor and microstrip section inductor in multiple metal layers, the circuit size of D-CRLH resonator can be reduced to one third of the planner one. Furthermore, the additional transmission loss caused by reverse currents is also investigated. To this end, a very compact LTCC filter is designed, fabricated, and measured, with the core circuit size smaller than 0.91 × 0.95 × 0.29 mm
 3
. The minimum insertion loss is 1.95 dB at 13 GHz while with wide stopband suppression from 14.3 to 33.1 GHz.


Up to the present time most physical studies of the conformation of ribonucleic acids in solution have concentrated on synthetic homopolynucleotides, transfer RNA, or large viral and ribosomal RNA's.1 Synthetic polymers have long been used as models for natural RNA's but the vast majority of compounds currently available have very regular sequences unlike those found in biosynthetic molecules. Thus they do not demonstrate the intrachain folding thought to occur in such molecules as tRNA.2 Studies on natural RNA's have been hindered by their considerable complexity. The paucity of nucleotide sequence information for viral and ribosomal RNA's has made conformation studies on these systems very difficult. The presence of many unusual nucleotides simplified the sequence determination of tRNA's,3-6 but the optical properties of these bases are largely unknown. This complicates attempts to explore the conformation of tRNA's by optical means. What is needed is a simpler system on which various conformational probes can be tested. The discovery of the relatively small 5S ribosomal RNA7-8 and its subsequent sequence determination by Brownlee, Sanger, and Barrell provides such a system.9 This RNA contains 120 nucleotide residues. The only bases which appear are the four normal ones, A, U, C, and G. In this paper we shall describe the results of several preliminary optical studies on 5S ribosomal RNA. These demonstrate that the molecule does indeed contain a large percentage of double-stranded helical regions. At present there is not enough detailed information to permit a likely conformation to be chosen from among the many possibilities which present themselves when the nucleotide chain is folded in three dimensions. But our results suggest an approximate picture of the conformation of 5S RNA which should serve to stimulate further experiments. Materials and Methods.-5S ribosomal RNA was furnished by Drs. K. Hosokawa and M. A. Q. Siddiqui. It was prepared from the total RNA of E. coli strain A-19, deficient in ribonuclease, by a method to be published, using Sephadex column chromatography.10 It was found to be homogeneous by MAK (methylated albumin kieselguhr) column chromatography. Concentrations were determined optically at room temperatures using an extinction coefficient of 0.80 X 104 per residue at 260 mnu. 11 All optical measurements were made in 0.01 M tris-chloride buffer, pH 7.3, containing 0.3 M NaCl and 0.001 M MgCl2. Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and UV absorption measurements employed the Cary 60 spectropolarimeter and Cary 15 spectrophotometer, respectively. One-centimeter path length jacketed cylindrical cells were used for all experiments. These were sealed with a serum stopper pierced by a 25-gauge syringe needle to retard evaporation. The temperature inside the sample cell was calibrated using a thermocouple during dummy runs where the cell contained buffer instead of sample. All temperature studies were corrected for the thermal expansion of the solvent.


The 2011 Washington State Superintendent of the Year and one of four finalists for 2011 National Superintendent of the Year, Renton Schools Superintendent Dr. Mary Alice Heuschel, shares her vision and supportive attitude which have helped her make a difference in Renton's results. These achievements include allotting only 7% of the budget for central administration, a 93% on time graduation rate with 89% of high school graduates attending college. Also included in the article is the improvement model for the Renton School District Guided by the mission: In partnership with the community, provide a safe and respectful learning environment for all students to realize academic, social and personal achievement: Launching Learning to Last a Lifetime.


The Honey Badger or Ratel is a monotypic species of the badger family Mustelidae ranging across Africa and Asia at low densities.  There have been no records of their presence and distribution across the Eastern Ghats of India.  The present note reports the first camera trap record of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776 from the reserved forests of the northern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India.


Adverse drug reactions(ADRs) are noxious and unintended occurring in doses routinly used for diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis of disease or for modification of physiological functions. Skin is the most commonly involved organ followed by GIT system although ADRS may involve any system. Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic. It is considered as second-generation fluoroquinolone. It is effective for treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases acting against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We present a case of hypersensitivity reaction to oral ofloxacin. Being rarity we thought of reporting this case.


An information system that is implemented in an organization is not always able to answer organization's needs and requirements. Even if it has met the organization's requirements, incidents or problems related to the operational of the information system are sometimes unavoidable. Therefore, we need to manage incidents and problems. Information system audit can indicate to evaluate the information system to see whether it is appropriate with the organization's requirement or not, including the incidents and problems management. This research focuses on incident management and problem management audit, as well as the service desk of Sistem Informasi Pelaporan Keuangan Daerah (SIPKD), an information system that is used in DISHUBKOMBUDPAR Salatiga by using ITIL v3 framework. The incidents or problems occurred in DISHUBKOMBUDPAR Salatiga are managed by service desk from STI. The service desk is placed in DPPKAD Salatiga that is the central of SIPKD management. The result of this research are recommendations from audit findings, includes service desk have two functions, just once training, etc.


Role playing and training are important elements of employee development. It has occupied an important place in management training and development as a method of simulating real life situations. This method enables participants to understand better the behavior of others as well as their own emotions and feelings. It is also an excellent exercise for analyzing problems, job interview to see how comfortably they communicate, improving selling by applying various selling solutions, developing team work, cooperation and creative problem solving exercises for improving listening skills. The trainer has to belief the person who are going to play the role describing the role to be played and the manner in which it is be played.After the role play session is over, it is discussed not only with the group but also with the players as to how good as bad they have done it. This discussion facilitates the learning process. Learning is facilitated by active participant rather than passive reception. Lecture method believes in passive reception whereas role playing believes in active participation. Hence, the role playing should be more effective provided it is conducted properly and timely. This paper throws up the Efficacy of role playing in training and development for trainees/managers to understand the role playing, and their Efficacy so that they can make a training programmes of role playing more effective. This is a conceptual paper which could be used by managers/trainers in organizations as a frame work for designing role playing training programmes.To this end, the researcher attempts to define role playing and understand why role playing is unique and effective for any organization. This paper highlights its implications for trainers/managers team leaders, and all managers in an organization. Role play is an educational technique and is used for human relations, leadership training, interpersonal skills in general organizational setting such as communication, sales training, performance appraisal, counseling, mentoring and team building. They are used in specific setting such as health care and social service where participants take on the roles of workers, clients and others in those setting. Its purpose is to give trainees an opportunity to learn human relation skills through practice and to develop insight into one's own behaviour and its effect upon other. Thus, its objective is very narrow i.e. to increase the trainee`s skill in dealing with others. Role playing will be successful if they mirror or intimate the organizational reality and setting and participants relate to it emotionality. If a role play ends up just as entertainments for the participants, learning may be lost.


Introduction Acute asthma exacerebation is a common cause of children admissions. Chest x-ray is not part of routine acute asthma management, but may be performed in some cases. A chest radiograph should be performed if there is subcuatanous emphysema, persistent unilateral sign, or in life threatening asthma(Emergency Paediatrics asthma Guideline- RCPI-HSE). Aim To find out the outcome of the chest x-rays in children admitted with acute asthma, and its conribution in the management plan. Methods A retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria: Children 5–16 years admitted with acute asthma, had chest x-ray. Place: Paediatrics ward, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda. Period: the year 2017. Sample size: 28 children. Results Two third of children included in the audit were males, one third were females. One third of patients were admitted in September, the rest were admitted in the other months. About three quarter of x-rays were performed during the evening and night shifts. Two third of x-rays were performed within 3 hours of ED attendance. Half were indicated by poor response to initial treatment (increased respiratory effort, oxygen requirement). Around one third of the x-rays showed elements of infection. Antibiotics were prescribed to two third of patients. Two third of the patients had previous x-rays. Discussion Chest x-rays may be benifecial in some cases where presence of another lung pathology can have negative effect on the response to asthma treatment. Two third of children were unnecessarly exposed to radiation.Two third received antibiotics in the abscence of evidence of infection, this has impact on patients safety. Recommendations Adherence to HSE guideline in acute asthma management. Minimize unnecessary investigation in acut asthma. Patient safety should be a priority when taking management decisions.


Contents: Zygmunt Bauman: Intellectuals in East-Central Europe: Continuity and Change - Tony Judt: The Dilemmas of Dissidence: The Politics of Opposition in East-Central - Ferenc Feher: On Making Central Europe - Ernest Gellner: The Dramatis Personae of History - Ivan Szelenyi: Alternative Futures for Eastern Europe: The Case of Hungary - Vaclav Klaus/Tomas Jezek: Social Criticism, False Liberalism, and Recent Changes in Czechoslovakia - Vesna Pusic: A Country by Any Other Name. Transition and Stability in Croatia and Yugoslavia - Elemer Hankiss: Our Recent Pasts: Recent Developments in East Central Europe in the Light of Various Social Philosophies - Katherine Verdery: Homage to a Transylvanian Peasant - Jan T. Gross: Social Consequences of War: Preliminaries to the Study of Imposition of Communist Regimes in East Central Europe - Maria Todorova: Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Communist Legacy in Eastern Europe - Vladimir Tismaneanu/Dan Pavel:Romania's Mystical Revolutionaries: The Generation of Angst and Adventure Revisied - Istvan Deak: A Fatal Compromise? The Debate Over Collaboration and Resistance in Hungary.


A novel method of measuring the magnetic permeability of ferrimagnetic materials is proposed based on Lissajous figures. Theoretically,based on Ampere circuital theorem and Faraday's law,the measurement system consists of oscillograph and signal generator. The system is capable of measuring the permeability of ferrimagnetic materials by using X- Y mode of oscillograph. Experiment results are shown at different frequencies of applied magnetic field.


The shape and size are the two important geometrical factors that affect the electronic screening in nano-materials. Here, we develop an analytical theory for electronic capacitance based on Thomas–Fermi screening in conjunction with 'multiple scattering method' for arbitrary-shaped nanostructures including electronic spillover correction. We relate the electronic capacitance of the material to the curvature correction expressed in terms of ratio of electronic screening length to principal radii of curvature. Electronic capacitance of various nanostructures is obtained showing geometrical shape- and size-dependent electronic screening in nanostructures that manifest important consequences in charge storage enhancement or reduction.


In the explosive cases,fragments of detonator are broken into pieces seriously.The code on the shell has lost the original tracing function.So it is hard to analyze the origin of the detonator.In order to protect the code on the shell from damaging in the explosion,the code should be put far from the location of the gun powder and be shifted to near the footline.The area of code should also be reduced.Two-dimentional code has several merits of small area,large information content and strong correcting,which will play a more important role in the management of detonator code.


The variable-speed constant-frequency pitch-controlled law was obtained by analysis of wind turbine aerodynamics.The electromagnetic damping torque regulation of brushless doubly generator was used for variable-speed constant-frequency control and the piecewise PID with weight number algorithm was applied for individual pitch control.Because of large inertia and hysteresis of wind turbine,pitch control and variable-speed constant-frequency control were switched at predictive power instead of rated power to decease output power fluctuation.All these control strategies were used in the semi-physical simulation test-bed.Test result shows that when the wind speed is up the rated one,the blade flapwise is greatly deceased and the output power is kept around the rated.When the wind speed is varied around the rated one,the output power fluctuation is reduced.


Variational inference enables approximate posterior inference of the highly over-parameterized neural networks that are popular in modern machine learning. Unfortunately, such posteriors are known to exhibit various pathological behaviors. We prove that as the number of hidden units in a single-layer Bayesian neural network tends to infinity, the function-space posterior mean under mean-field variational inference actually converges to zero, completely ignoring the data. This is in contrast to the true posterior, which converges to a Gaussian process. Our work provides insight into the over-regularization of the KL divergence in variational inference.


www.thoracic.org C LI P A N D C O P Y The diaphragms are large muscles found under each lung that are the major muscles used in breathing. The phrenic nerves send a signal to the diaphragms stimulating them to breathe. People who have problems with the brain or spinal cord at times do not send the signals well to breathe. Diaphragm pacing can use the phrenic nerves to send the signals to a person's diaphragm muscles to contract and take a breath in. Often management of diaphragm pacers is done by special medical care centers, some of whom have had experience with this for decades.


Said that for the interestses of any organization it is important to have bill of lading of from where to takes root their potential advantage, well to is about to the search of the leadership in the costs or in the differentiation. When being present the restrictions of the market the two basic strategies to achieve a competitive advantage in the desired magnitude is the leadership in the costs and the differentiation. It is necessary to mark off that seldom the undertakings struggle for reach both status at the same time, because this action has with oneself big contradictions to the own organization. All organization has to have well defined in consequence of their own diagnosis that to achieve the competitive success first it must center the attention in the necessities of the market, the concentration in the global markets, generate the commitment of keeping and augment the participation in the market and search for alternatives as commitment of investments, so much in the development again yields, in investigations, in processes that have to it include achieve patents and copyright, the sales, the security and for above all, location.


The microwave dielectric properties of La(Mg 0.5 Sn 0.5-x Ti x )O 3 ceramics were examined with a view to their exploitation for mobile communication. The La(Mg 0.5 Sn 0.5-x Ti x )O 3 ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state method with various sintering temperatures. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the La(Mg 0.5 Sn 0.45 Ti 0.05 )O 3 ceramics revealed no significant variation of phase with sintering temperatures. The La 2 Sn 2 O 7 intensity of the second phase of the La(Mg 0 .5 Sn 0.5-x Ti x )O 3 ceramics was lowest when x was 0.05. An apparent density of 6.53 g/cm 3 , a dielectric constant (e r ) of 20.8, a quality factor (Q×f) of 50,100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) of -71 ppm/°C were obtained for La(Mg 0.5 Sn 0.45 Ti 0.05 )O 3 ceramics that were sintered at 1550 °C for 4 h.


Abstract An analytical model of tennis impact was derived in an attempt to describe how the angle of swing and the orientation of the racket head act to impart spin to a tennis ball. For years, coaches and instructors have debated on the contribution of each parameter to spin production. The specific purpose of this investigation was to formulate a theoretical model of impact to examine the importance of various factors involved and how each contributes to the outcome of the tennis impact. Given the pre‐impact parameters from cinematographic data, the post‐impact ball rotation values were determined. The calculated values of ball spin following impact in eight experimental trials were compared with their theoretically determined values. The data suggests that the analytical model may be a good representation of tennis impact and the production of ball spin.


One kind of a more accurate measurement can be performed photodetector, an optical detection method, a program and one storage medium. The photodetector of the present invention from a luminance characteristic of a specific color outputted from a display unit of the measured light in a specific illumination. The optical detector according to the present invention, using a beam splitter 60f illumination light of each color component separated from one another with the respective color components of the specific color. Then, using an operator for the display unit of Md, color components of the specific color separated by such a display unit for the converter converts from 60g LMS into XYZ. Further, Mi An operator for illumination, by a converter 60h for illumination, the color components of such separate illumination light from the LMS conversion to XYZ. Thus, since the operator for the display unit and for illuminating each operator independently for switching from the XYZ to LMS, even if both the illumination light and superimposing unit outputs a color display can also be measured with high accuracy .


A study of link and network availability has been carried out based upon oblique sounder observations over an extensive region in the Northern Hemisphere for approximately a year. The authors have applied the measured propagation conditions in an analysis of high frequency data link (HFDL) performance based upon a specific system design specification. The authors conclude that space and frequency diversity will enable the normally unsatisfactory ensemble of HF channels to be be utilized effectively to provide an HFDL service with long-term average availabilities approaching 100%. They observe that average availabilities decrease as the network clusters migrate to higher geomagnetic latitudes. Daily, and monthly variations are observed as well. There is also a striking diurnal influence on average availability, with very little limit on the performance for the netted HFDL service between 1400-0400 LMT at the clusterhead position. This result represents the very best that may be achieved under conditions for which fullband sounding is available to drive a dynamic nowcasting and forecasting subsystem for resource management. Frequency sharing and dynamic reallocation is a requisite condition, but it may not be sufficient. A full suite of frequencies populating all of the aeronautical-mobile bands is needed to exploit the dynamic forecasting capability. The study is of particular importance to the aeronautical community.


To assess the child‐ and parent‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS), to compare these with other chronic paediatric conditions and to determine whether symptoms experienced by children with JHS can predict their HRQOL.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate through an empirical research the factors that would attract visitors to heritage and cultural sites as museums applied on the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). The paper aims to study the impact of the proposed attraction features learning/knowledge, museum facilities, fun/entertainment and socializing and accessibility/location on pre-visit destination image.

Design/methodology/approach
The author started by a thorough literature review to arrive to the suggested conceptual model, which is tested by adopting a quantitative approach where data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a convenient sample of 300 respondents with 90% response rate and used partial least squares – structure equation modelling using Smart PLS v.3.2.8.

Findings
The results show that three of the tested factors were accepted and one was rejected.

Practical implications
Management of GEM, which will be one of the biggest museums world-wide, can make use of the empirical results of this research to enhance their understanding of the factors that impact pre-visit destination image, and thus, most attract visitors to justify the budget set in this huge project and achieve highest visitation and revenue

Originality/value
This research deals with a new museum that has not opened its doors yet and will start functioning in late 2020, and thus, the pre-visit image of the museum is not based on previous experience of visitors but rather on secondary sources as messages sent to visitors based on attraction features, while most previous studies dealt with post-visit image of museums


The present study explores and examines feminist science fiction as a medium to addressgender roles disparity. Gender roles have been taken to question and analyse therepresentation, role and identity of women as taken in the society. The role of culture, gender,patriarchy and literature is undertaken in this sub-genre of science fiction. The study focuseson the creation of feminist utopian and dystopian states, to view the possibilities for thecombat of patriarchal mindset. It creates an ideal ground for challenging the prevalent genderroles constructed by cultural approval of it. The thrust is on the vision for the future feministevolution in the form of rejection, greater degree of acceptance or oblivion of such roles.


We propose a mechanism for the origin of non-Gaussian tails in the probability distribution functions of local variables in nonlinear, diffusive, dynamical systems including passive scalars advected by chaotic velocity fields: Intermittent fluctuations on appropriate time scales in the amplitude of the (chaotic) noise can lead to exponential tails in certain regimes. We provide numerical evidence for such behavior in deterministic, discrete-time passive scalar models. Different possibilities for probability distribution functions are also outlined.


The term landslide includes a wide range of ground movement, such as slides, falls, flows etc. mainly based on gravity with the aid of many conditioning and triggering factors. Particularly in the last two decades, there is an increasing international interest on the landslide susceptibility, hazard or risk assessments. In this paper a combined use of Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS data is presented. The area of study is Lefkas Island in the Ionian Sea, Greece. The Ionian Sea presents a very big seismicity and the Landslides phenomena are very often. During the last twenty-five years more than 20 big landslides have been recorded on Lefkas Island. The latest landslides have been recorded in August 2003 as a consequence of a 6.1R earthquake. Multispectral and multitemporal satellite data were used for landslide detection. More especially we have used Landsat MSS, Landsat TM & ETM data and Terra ASTER data. Because most of the landslides are mostly bare of vegetation they present high reflectance. As a result big landslides can be detect from satellite data. ASTER stereo-pairs have been used for the creation of two DTM's. The images cover an area of 60X60 km. The images have been received in the near infrared (0,78-0,86μm) part of the spectrum with a spatial resolution of 15m. The first stereo-pair was acquired on January 2000 and the second one on August 2003 a few days after the earthquake and the landslides. The same GCP's were used for the creation of the two DTM's. In some cases the landslides can be detected as a difference of the two DTM's. All the landslides have been mapped in-situ using a GPS receiver. Finally all the above data have been integrated in a GIS and detailed landslides maps have been produced. Keywords-component: Landslides, satellite data, DTM, GPS stero-pairs, GIS.


Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK


In the title compound, C16H15NO2, the isoindoline ring system is approximately planar (mean deviation = 0.0186 Å) and makes a dihedral angle of 61.91 (4)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, molecules form inversion dimers via pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


This paper develops a new macro-financial continuous-time model for the term structure of interest rates assuming that the instantaneous interest rate converges to a certain long-term mean level that depends on the business cycle and that the interest rate volatility depends on the interest rate level. In short, both the mean reversion level and the interest rate volatility are modeled by the physic equation of harmonic waves. Under these assumptions, we compute closed-form expressions for the prices of different fixed income and interest rate derivatives and for relevant risk management measures.


This paper compares two previously published Double Edge Triggered D FlipFlops (DETDFF) with the proposed design for their performance and power consumption. For each DETDFF the optimal delay and power consumption are determined as the primary figure of merit. The DETDFF circuits designed by Gago and Wai Chung along with the proposed circuit were simulated using TSPICE for 0.13m technology CMOS process. The proposed design is shown to have the least delay and lowest power consumption with respect to other double edge triggered flip-flops.


PURPOSE
This study examined the relationships among diet, exercise intensity, and breast milk composition in lactating women.

METHODS
Twelve lactating women were randomly assigned to either a high (N = 6; 5.03 g carbohydrate (CHO) x kg body mass (BM)(-1)) or moderate (N = 6; 3.89 g CHO x kg BM(-1)) carbohydrate diet. Milk and blood samples were collected before and after a nonexercise session (control) and maximal, lactic acid-threshold (LAT), and 20% below the LAT (LAT-20) intensities.

RESULTS
The 30-min exercise LAT bout was more stressful than the 30-min LAT-20 bout (rating of perceived exertion (RPE) = 15 vs 12, respectively, P < 0.05). Milk LA was significantly higher at 0 min following maximal exercise in the high and moderate CHO groups (1.27+/-0.56 and 1.52+/-0.49 mM, respectively) and following LAT exercise (0.19+/-0.16 and 0.25+/-0.12 mM, respectively), when compared with the control session (0.08+/-0.03 and 0.09+/-0.05 mM, respectively). This was not observed following the LAT-20 exercise in the high and moderate CHO groups (0.11+/-0.04 and 0.12+/-0.08 mM, respectively). Elevated milk LA persisted in the 30-min collection point after maximal exercise only. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on milk or blood LA at any of the collection points.

CONCLUSIONS
In lactating women whose caloric needs are being met: 1) dietary CHO intake, within a practical range, does not influence LA levels in breast milk at rest or after exercise; 2) LA appearance in the milk is a function of exercise intensity; and 3) moderate intensity exercise (RPE = 12) will not increase breast milk LA levels.


Objective To assess the factors influencing the early and mid-term survival of patients receiving a second replacement of the left atrioventricular valve,so as to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 55 patients who underwent a second replacement of the left atrioventricular valve between Jan.2005 and Dec.2010 at Changhai Hospital.Their survival rate and its risk factors were analyzed.The control group included patients who received their first left atrioventricular valve replacement at the same hospital and had matched age,sex,and operation time.Univariate and multivariate Cox survival analyses were used to assess the survival risk factors at 30 days and 3 years after operation.Results The 30-day,1-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients after reoperation were 92.7%,89.1%,83.6%,and 81.8%,respectively,which were not significantly different from those of the control group(94.5%,92.7%,90.9%,and 87.3%,respectively).The left ventricular ejection fraction was the only independent predictor of 30-day survival of patients after reoperation(P=0.018,RR=15.33).Diabetes mellitus and left ventricular ejection fraction were the independent predictors of 3-year survival(P=0.039,RR=6.242 and P=0.001,RR=91.957,respectively).Conclusion The early and mid-term mortality rates are not significantly different between the first and second replacement of left atrioventricular valve.Left ventricular ejection fraction is the only independent predictor of early-term survival after re-replacement of left atrioventricular valve;diabetes mellitus and left ventricular ejection fraction are the independent predictors of mid-term survival.


Cold molecules have great scientific significance in high-resolution spectroscopy, precision measurement of physical constants, cold collision, and cold chemistry. Supersonic expansion is a conventional and versatile method to produce cold molecules with high kinetic energies. We theoretically show here that fast-moving molecules from supersonic expansion can be effectively decelerated to any desired velocity with a rotating laser beam. The orbiting focus spot of the red-detuned laser serves as a two-dimensional potential well for the molecules. We analyze the dynamics of the molecules inside the decelerating potential well and investigate the dependence of their phase acceptance by the potential well on the tilting angle of the laser beam. ND3 molecules are used in the test of the scheme and their trajectories under the impact of the decelerating potential well are numerically simulated using the Monte Carlo method. For instance, with a laser beam of 20 kW in power focused into a pot of 40 μ m in waist radius, ND3 molecules of 250 m/s can be brought to a standstill by the decelerating potential well within a time interval of about 0.73 ms. The total angle covered by the rotating laser beam is about 5.24° with the distance travelled by the potential well being about 9.13 cm. In fact, the molecules can be decelerated to any desired velocity depending on the parameters adopted. This scheme is simple in structure and easy to be realized in experiment. In addition, it is applicable to decelerating both molecules and atoms.


We propose a method to measure cellular elasticity using large compression model. Unlike Hertzian contact theory, this model can be fit to the experimental data even in large deformation area. This model is suitable for on-chip system to measure elasticity of cell using indentation of flat probes.


Cationic modification experiments were performed to research on the affection of modification agent to pigment dyeing. The influences of modification process condition such as temperature, time, bath ratio, modifier and NaOH dosage etc. were suggested as critical for pigment dyeing. It is observed that, fabric has excellent dyeing depth under the condition of modifier 5g/L and NaOH 8g/L, bath ratio 40:1(water: cloth), modification time 55min at 70°C.


How people describe places is an important issue for the desi gn of location-aware sys- tems. We report here on an experiment that investigated the t ypes of descriptions people naturally produce for places, the extent to which they tailor descripti ons for different audiences, and the fac- tors they consider in deciding how to tailor their descripti ons. We identified a number of common types of place descriptions and a few common factors(purpos e, knows me, knows area, privacy) that influenced what description a person chose. These results sho w that social applications should make the audience for place descriptions clear, and that systemsshould allow multiple descriptions for the same place, including making it possible for users to descri be their location in different ways to dif- ferent people.


In this work, we propose a secrecy coding enabled multi-party secure privacy computation method, and the data of the multi participants can be used without harming the data privacy. By coding the secrecy data into secrecy vectors, the secrecy comparison between two parties can be converted to the partial scalar product problem of the secrecy vectors. Based on this design, we formulate the Millionaire and Relative Prime problems using the proposed secrecy coding. The security of the proposed method is guaranteed by selecting a random number locally at the multi users. Analysis shows that the proposed secrecy coding enabled multi-party secure privacy computation is lightweight and efficient.


As the role of software evolves to become more ubiquitous and pervasive by the proliferation of mobile devices in conjunction with vast computational cloud assets, its potential to facilitate targeted humanitarian relief efforts in real-time is unparalleled. Regrettably, effectively leveraging this potential is a new frontier as dominant efforts converge to more commercial endeavors. In 2014, policymakers for the City of Flint in Michigan made the decision to switch its water supply from the Detroit Water and Sewerage system to the Flint River. The result was a spike in lead levels for residential water supplies triggering a health crisis. In response, a team comprising of students and faculty from the University of Michigan campuses and Google volunteers designed and built a responsive mobile software platform. The forefront features of the MyWater-Flint platform allows for residents to geolocate resources, be informed on crisis developments, crowdsource data for decision making, and affords risk prediction through data analysis. In this paper, we overview the design considerations with a focus on the challenges encountered throughout the process. We present the generic multi platform architecture and methodology for community engagement through user experience design, and the consolidation, dissemination and synthesis of hyper-local information for rapid deployment during a crisis.


In electrophoresis, the introduction of a sample into the BGE creates two new zone boundaries, the front and rear boundary of the sample zone which is sandwiched between the BGE. During an electrophoresis run, these boundaries move and split into other new boundaries demarcating the zones of analytes. Besides the analyte zones migrating out of the original sample location, system zones may be also formed. Such zones are formed by the BGE components and differ from the BGE only in their concentrations. The front and rear boundaries of such system zones evolve during electromigration and may show sharp (S), dispersed (D), and/or hybrid character. This contribution brings the results of theoretical and experimental investigation of system properties of very simple BGEs formed by one weak acid and one weak or strong base provided that the acid is polyprotic. It is shown that system boundaries of the hybrid type occur even in these simple systems represented, e.g., by the very common phosphate buffer. Theory reveals that a phosphate buffer system (formed by phosphoric acid and a strong cation) may exhibit a very unusual complex shape of the electromigration dispersion velocity curve showing three turns. This leads to the formation of complex hybrid boundaries having D–S–D, S–D–S, or even S–D–S–D or D–S–D–S concentration profile types that have not been reported so far. The velocity diagram method allows theoretical analysis of such complicated profiles and the results are in good accordance with both computer simulation and experiments.


We present the design and analysis of a Hyrbid controller for the METIS Cold Chopper (MCC). The MCC is a 2D rotatable mirror in the optical path of the Mid-Infrared E-ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) instrument [1]. It provides telescope beam chopping by rotating this internal mirror. The system has three degrees of freedom, two rotational and one parasitic translational movement in the direction of the mirror vertex. It has to satisfy stringent performance requirements while dealing with different noise sources, disturbances and constraints on the input signals


Abstract Guerramontesia microdonta (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) is a new genus and species from Argentina and Bolivia. It is distinct from other genera of the Pottiaceae by a combination of characters: absence of central strand in the stem, Ungulate unbordered leaves with yellow KOH colour reaction, costa at midleaf with one band of dorsal stereids, (1)2–3 guide cell layers, absence of hydroids, and sporophyte with peristome of 16 variously cleft, occasionally perforate, coarsely papillose, short and straight teeth. The species is described, illustrated and mapped. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of cpDNA sequences (trnL-trnF and trnG regions) were undertaken. The resultant trees suggest that the new genus could be one of the earlier diverging lineages within the Pottioideae and Barbuloideae subfamilies of Pottiaceae.


The majority of geotechnical analyses are deterministic, in that the inherent variability of the materials is not modelled directly, rather some 'factor of safety' is applied to results computed using 'average' properties. In the present study, the influence of spatially varying strength is assessed via numerical experiments involving the compressive strength and stability of pillars typically used in underground construction and mining operations. The model combines random field theory with an elasto‐plastic finite element algorithm in a Monte‐Carlo framework. It is found that the average strength of the rock is not a good indicator of the overall strength of the pillar. The results of this study enable traditional approaches involving factors of safety to be re‐interpreted as a 'probability of failure' in the context of reliability based design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


On the basis of introducing the sources, the species and its treatments of organic pollutant in electroplatingwastewater, the principles of each method and its application status are described. Analysis of the advantages of treatmentthe organic pollutant in electroplating wastewater.


Establish effective administer structure of company legal person is the core of reform question of enterprise company in China,but the board of directors is in a center position in the administer structure of company legal person,it plays key role.So,establish effective administer structure of company legal person,it must make remold the board of directors of nowadays.This way one of is lead into independent director for improve the board of directors decisive science,safeguard the shareholder interests,bring the administer structure of company legal person into full play branch equality and supervise each other.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the changes of cytoskeleton and induced apoptosis in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) and WISH cells during the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus.

METHODS
S. aureus suspension was collected routinely and used to infect HUVEC and WISH cells for 10, 30, 60 and 120 min respectively. The cell-invading ability of S. aureus was observed by microscope and the rearrangement of cytoskeleton of these cells observed under fluorescent microscope. DAPI fluorescent staining and DNA agarose electrophoresis were performed to analyze the apoptosis in HUVEC cells induced by S. aureus.

RESULTS
There was bacterial invasion after staphylococcus aureus was co-incubated with HUVEC and WISH cells for 10 min. The rates of infection were (54.9 +/- 2.4)% and (56.1 +/- 2.4)% at 60 min respectively. The ratios of F-actin rearrangements at 10 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min after the invasion of HUVEC and WISH cells with S. aureus were different at (54.7 +/- 2.8)%, (63.0 +/- 2.9)%, (71.0 +/- 2.6)%, (39.5 +/- 2.7)% and (63.3 +/- 2.6)%, (65.0 +/- 2.9)%, (77.0 +/- 2.4)% and (44.0 +/- 1.8)% respectively. The ratios of F-actin rearrangements at 10 min, 30 min and 60 min were higher than those at 120 min (P < 0.05). There was no change of microtubule observed in both cells at the same time. The apoptotic appearance was observed after the invasion of HUVEC cells with s. aureus at 60 min.

CONCLUSION
S. aureus may invade the HUVEC and WISH cells through F-actin rearrangement. Apoptosis is induced in HUVEC cells at 60 min.


The four (AlGa)As-GaAs solar cells were fabricated and will be delivered for radiation damage testing using 1 MeV electrons. These cells were LPE grown at 700 C for 4 minutes. The junction depth was measured to be 0.3 micron using a secondary electron microscope. The radiation model for the shallow junction cells was verified. Some mesa diodes were also fabricated and will be irradiated along with the cells for parallel evaluations of their electrical characteristics.


The G1/S-phase transition is a well-toned switch in the mammalian cell cycle. Cdk2, Cdk4, and the rate-limiting tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (Rb) have been studied in separate animal models, but interactions between the kinases and Rb in vivo have yet to be investigated. To further dissect the regulation of the G1 to S-phase progression, we generated Cdk2−/−Cdk4−/−Rb−/− (TKO) mutant mice. TKO mice died at midgestation with major defects in the circulatory systems and displayed combined phenotypes of Rb−/− and Cdk2−/−Cdk4−/− mutants. However, TKO mouse embryonic fibroblasts were not only resistant to senescence and became immortal but displayed enhanced S-phase entry and proliferation rates similar to wild type. These effects were more remarkable in hypoxic compared with normoxic conditions. Interestingly, depletion of the pocket proteins by HPV-E7 or p107/p130 shRNA in the absence of Cdk2/Cdk4 elicited a mechanism for the G1/S regulation with increased levels of p27Kip1 binding to Cdk1/cyclin E complexes. Our work indicates that the G1/S transition can be controlled in different ways depending on the situation, resembling a regulatory network.


The contribution to the social theory of consumption of the late Pierre Bourdieu has been widely recognized, but not fully absorbed by the economics discipline. To address this lacuna, an agent-based model of Bourdieu's social theory is developed by extending Axelrod's cultural diffusion model. Bourdieu's theory is decomposed into two components: a capital effect on social interaction and an innovation effect. Whereas simulations of the capital effect are found to have a key role in the reproduction of economic inequality, by comparing survey and simulation results the innovation effect is shown to provide an insight into how cultural capital is distributed.


For many college students, social media can be a major distraction when trying to finish a homework assignment or when studying for an exam. While I am not an avid "social mediaist," Pinterest is a site that you can spend hours. There are many aspects to Pinterest, where you have the ability to "pin" different items to virtual bulletin boards that you can create. These pins include different recipes, crafts and projects, places to visit, and quotes and sayings. A quote that I recently stumbled upon on Pinterest was, "Some things cross your path and change your whole direction." Originally, I pinned the quote because it sounded philosophical, but after spending a couple of minutes reflecting on it, realized that this quote was extremely relevant to certain choices in my life; with one in particular being the decision to take an agricultural education class my freshman year of high school.Coming from a family background that revolves around the sheep and cattle industries, agriculture was not unfamiliar; but the idea that it was taught in a class was. I was the type of student who could, for the most part, memorize information the night before a big test; however, in my new agricultural education class, it became evident that strategy would not work. As a freshman in Introduction to Agriculture, we quickly approached welding in the curriculum. I was so nervous to weld in class because I was so used to memorizing material, not doing anything with it. It was in learning how to weld that I, along with several of my classmates who had similar learning styles, discovered that we really hadn't been learning up until to the point of taking this agricultural education class, but simply memorizing. Those feelings of being nervous because I couldn't simply memorize the material were washed away once my agriculture teacher, Mrs. Montgomery, explained and demonstrated how to weld. Today, at the age of 18 and out of high school, I still remember how to weld better than any of the other material that I learned my freshman year simply because of the encouragement of my advisor to actually learn the material rather than my typical way of memorizing it.Looking backing on my freshman year, never could I have imagined that one class could change my whole future. Besides learning how to actually learn in my agricultural education class, that class and the opportunity to experience FFA began to start molding my future. It was then that I began to become involved in my FFA chapter-raising sheep, beef, and rabbits, attending chapter activities, and competing in several Career Development Events in FFA. By participating, there was the opportunity to meet people who had similar passions, yet very different backgrounds, and to grow as person.Eventually, through becoming a chapter officer for Millennium FFA, I realized that being involved in FFA wasn't just for me to benefit from, my role was greater. My involvement as an officer was to engage other members in my chapter so that they could embrace all the opportunities that FFA offers. Another realization I had is that it only takes one person to get members more excited about agriculture and FFA-just as my FFA Advisors, Mrs. …


Contents: Preface 1. The Concept of Armed Conflict 2. Sources of International Humanitarian Law 3. Means and Methods of Warfare 4. Protection of Civilians 5. Protection of Combatants Hors de Combat 6. Humanitarianism and Human Rights 7. Liability of States and Non-State Groups 8. Liability of Individuals Index


Cross sections have been calculated for the processes e+He to e+He+(nl)+e for l=0.1 and n=2,3,4 employing the Born approximation and a Hartree-Fock function for the ground state of helium. In the case of the p bound electron the results are compared with those results in which a simple Hylleraas ground state wavefunction is used and also in which the effective nuclear charge (Z) depends on the momentum of the ejected electron. The author discusses in particular, the dependence of the cross sections for the two processes on the values of Z and suggest a method for the evaluation of an average value of Z.


Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) typically adapt their business model opportunistically with new value propositions, adding partnerships or improving their cost structure. Business model transformation has been proven to drive SMEs innovation and success, however, the role of SME managers in facilitating such transformation remains unclear. While peer-to-peer sharing has received much attention in public debates and academic research, sharing among firms is largely neglected in both. Looking at current opportunities for SMEs in business-to-business (B2B) sharing, this research aims to identify recurring patterns of manager's activities along a business model transformation for which a cross-case analysis with Swiss SMEs was used along several cycles of action research with semi-structured, deductively coded interviews.
The research identified three phases of management action: managers focus on identifying the business opportunity, they adjust processes and technical infrastructure to enable their organization to seize the opportunity and involve the entire organization to ensure a lasting change in their business model. While the impact of B2B sharing on each SME may be considered limited, this research offers original insights how managers drive business model transformation in SMEs. It illustrates a novel process in three distinct phases while identifying dedicated managerial action for each phase.


An optimum scheme was proposed to solve the problems of the process of distillation for butanol-acetone, such as high heat duty and low separating efficiency of prefractionator. The theoretical plate number of prefractionator was increased. A side withdrawing position of prefractionator was added. The effect of theoretical plate number, feeding position and side withdrawing position on the separating efficiency and the steam consumption of prefractionator were simulated with PRO/Ⅱsoftware. The optimum operating parameters for new process were obtained. The theoretical plate number was 40. The feeding position was the 18th stage , the side withdrawing position was the 10th stage. Under the conditions, the mass fraction of water in overhend products decreased from 47.09% to 13.23%; the mass fraction of butanol in the light phase of side withdrawing products was 73.07%, but the mass fraction in overhead products before optimization was 34.19%; the steam consumptiom was saved by 38.74%, the mass fraction of solvent in column bottom was reduced to 0.013%. Affer optimization, the test running result of prefractionator showed good agreement with the simulation result.


The production of deuterons and antideuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1 < p(T)< 4.3 GeV/c at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. A coalescence analysis, comparing the deuteron and antideuteron spectra with that of proton and antiproton, has been performed. The coalescence probability is equal for both deuterons and antideuterons and it increases as a function of p(T), which is consistent with an expanding collision zone. Comparing (anti)proton yields, (p) over bar /p = 0.73 +/- 0.01, with (anti)deuteron yields, (d) over bar /d = 0.47 +/- 0.03, we estimate that (n) over bar /n = 0.64 +/- 0.04. The nucleon phase space density is estimated from the coalescence measurement.


How do different approaches to collaborative natural resource governance impact the associated actor networks' potential for rapid information transmission, and their robustness when subject to sociopolitical change? This is studied in the context of two cases that represent different archetypal regional approaches to coral reef governance. The case in Brazil adopts a centrally coordinated, large-scale protected area governance approach, whereas a self-organized polycentric governance approach is evident in the Indonesian case. Extensive empirical data are analyzed based on social network analysis and an innovative approach for simulating the effects of sociopolitical change on networks. The results show that both governance approaches shaped networks with surprisingly similar information transmission capacity. The network formed by the self-organized polycentric governance approach is found to be more robust than the centrally coordinated network. Mechanisms that contribute to shape the network pattern in the study areas are discussed.


Proper implementation of reproductive technologies in buffalo, a species of high dairy merits, necessitates in depth studies on its ovarian functions. Present study aimed to elucidate the relative functionality attributes of right. and left buffalo ovaries of slaughtered mature riverine buffaloes. Weight of the ovary (2.53 and 2.65 g), follicular fluid volume per ovary (0.19 and 0.24). the number of follicles (4.97 and 5.12), oocytes (3.14 and 3.23), corpora lutea (0.37 and 0.41) and corpora albicans (0.31 and 0.20) present in the right and their left ovaries. respectively, were not significantly different. These results suggest equal participation of the right and the left ovary in reproductive functions of buffalo.


Even before he became a playwright, Maxwell Anderson developed a belief in the right of the individual to determine his own fate, and a hatred for anything that hampered that right. He never faltered in that belief. Thus, most of his plays have themes concerned with the evils of the abuse of governmental power and the social injustice that is the result of such abuse. It is the purpose of this thesis to study those beliefs as they were developed throughout severl preceding plays and as they were finally expressed in both Anderson's musicals, Knickerbocker Holiday (1938) and Lost in the Stars (1949).


Purpose of the study: Motivation to learn to read the Qur'an is a driving force that arises both from outside and from within a person or student who encourages them to carry out noble worship activities whose rewards are multiplied by Allah if they read them seriously and play an important role in giving enthusiasm , enthusiasm and pleasure in learning to read the Koran. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation to learn to read the Qur'an of students at Public Elementary School 015 Tembilahan Hulu, indicators of learning motivation.
Methodology: This type of research is a qualitative descriptive research. The population in this study were 13 grade IV students and 28 grade V students at Public Elementary School 015 Tembilahan Hulu. Data in this study were collected using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed using the percentage formula.
Main Findings: The research shows that: students of grades IV and V at 015 Tembilahan Hulu Public Elementary School are very good at learning to read the Koran. All learning activities to read the Qur'an are carried out, but not optimal or perfect. The indicator of learning motivation is taken from the operational concept.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study is to look at students' motivation to learn to read the Koran at SD 015 Tembilahan Ulu.


The linear slide roller bearing has each roller retainer provided at the free end of its inner surface portion with a retaining projection. This projection retains the outer periphery of each of the barrel-shaped rollers. Each bearing body has a mounting member of U-shaped cross-section. The mounting member is screwed to an inner recess of the body at an intermediate position between the associated roller retainers. The mounting member extends longitudinally and rollably retains the inner periphery of each of the barrel-shaped rollers.


The article discusses whether football culture functions as a religious ritual and identity marker by highlighting key passages from Nick Hornby's classic autobiography Fever Pitch (1992) (in Norwegian, Tribunefeber (1997)). Here, Hornby portrays his obsession with the English top club, Arsenal, a passionate commitment that began when he was a child and continued into adulthood. The article points to functional religious definitions and liminality theory. It explains characteristics of functional religious understandings and liminality theory as applied to football culture. Secondly, the article emphasizes key aspects of Hornby's passionate football engagement, focusing on his total devotion to football culture.


The susceptibility of randomly diluted two-dimensional Heisenberg-like ferromagnet K 2 Cu x Zn (1- x ) F 4 was measured down to 50 mK, using the 3 He– 4 He dilution refrigerator and a SQUID magnetometer. The ferromagnetic critical temperature T c ( x ) was obtained for x =0.98, 0.94, 0.85, 0.82, 0.68, 0.60, 0.54, 0.50 and 0.42. The value of [1/ T c (1)][(d/d x ) T c ( x )] x =1 was approximately 3.0. The critical temperature versus x curve exhibits a noticeable tail near the critical concentration, which may stem from the second nearest-neighbor interaction. The critical concentration x c , below which concentration there is no long range order down to T =0 K, was estimated to be 0.45∼0.50. The susceptibility of sample with x =0.42 behaves as if it obeys the Curie law down to 50 mK.


The prolonged conflict that faces several Middle East Countries such as Iraq and Syria gave emerged radicalism in same times. One of the most dangerous terrorist group noted is the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) than tronsformed into Islamic State. Throught the propaganda media "Islamic Tradition Propaganda" spreaded throught verious media. This metod have been affected many of radical groups and joined into their plags and starting targeted of all elements societies. The rise of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria espacially 2014 with their main megazine "Dabiq". In conducting their propagandas, this radical groups be means of two strategies namly hard propaganda and soft propaganda. Thus, the focus of this research is how propaganda in the Dabiq megazine espacially edition I-III by loking for langage and ideological contexs.
The metodology of this research used by literature review, so the main thing that will be done researcher is to concentrate to get data and information as much as possible about Islamic State Propaganda 2014. Furthermore, researcher used a language approace, namely Critical Analysis Discourse (CDA) to examine more Dabiq Megazine. This approaches refer to Teun A. Van Dijk.
The result of this research showed that, (1) there two form of propaganda used by Islamic State in Dabiq Megazine, are coercive propaganda and Persuasive Propaganda. In coercive propaganda, Dabiq megazine became a warning to their enemies in both regional and international levels. Furthermore, in the persuasion of propaganda, Islamic State presents articels rating relating to spirit of Islam "al-Hijrah" and "Khilafah" to influence others. (2) Dabiq megazine serve justification thta what they done by Islamic State today, is the stages in accordancing with Islamic Syari"a. So that new members who same principle with them and joining their ideology


The "war on women" has been a socio-political issue and an arena for feminist scholars' social critiques. The phrase gained media attention with "legitimate rape" remarks within the 2012 election. This piece looks at how this neo-liberal commentary has affected my personal agency through legislating my womb without permission, thus, rhetorically oppressing my personal agency through legal precedent.