Objective To learn the situation of dyslipidemia and related diseases of college staff,and the influences of lifestyle and genetic factors upon the diseases.Method 396 staff members were examined for blood pressure,electrocardiogram,blood glucose,blood lipids,and abdominal B-ultrasound,and those who have lipid disorders and related diseases received a questionaire survey.Results The detection rate of male dyslipidemia and related diseases is 53.6%,which is higher than female detection rate of 27.0% (P0.01);The difference of detection of dyslipidemia and related diseases among different age groups are statistically significant(P0.05 or P0.01),With the growth of age,the rate of dyslipidemia and related diseases was rising.Smoking,drinking,high-fat diets,high-salt diets,less activities are the main living babits that contribute to dyslipidemia and related diseases.Conclusion The detection of dyslipidemia and related diseases of college staff should be paid attention to.The staff's lifestyle (especially male staff's) should be interposed.


Radiosonde data are used to estimate the impact on stratospheric temperature of Agung, El Chichon, and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions, taking into account the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). This is done by comparing the temperature variations following the three eruptions with the average quasi-biennial variation in temperature obtained by applying the superposed epoch method to the 13 QBO cycles (centered on Singapore 50 mbar east wind maxima) between 1958 and 1996 which do not include these three eruptions. Confidence estimates are based on the 2-standard deviation value of the 13 comparisons. Shown are estimates of the volcanic impact and approximate 95% confidence intervals in 300–100 and 100–50 mbar layers of polar, temperate, subtropical, and equatorial zones (and the globe as a whole), as well as in north subtropical and equatorial zones at pressure surfaces of 50, 30, 20, and 10 mbar. Based on this procedure, and ignoring other possible influences on stratospheric temperature, all three eruptions warmed the tropical low stratosphere by nearly 2°C, with the largest warming 3°C at 50 mbar in the equatorial zone following Agung and Pinatubo. Above 50 mbar, the volcanic warming usually decreases with height in the tropics, an exception being the 2°C warming of the 10 mbar surface in the north subtropics following El Chichon. While the volcanic warming is most frequently a maximum 2 seasons after the eruption, the warming duration can be 2 years. In the polar zones there is evidence of cooling of stratospheric 300–100 and 100–50 mbar layers following the eruptions. Comparisons are made with other volcanic warming estimates.


Summary Lead toxicity has been recognized form antiquity and still exists today . Today opium is the new source of lead exposure, There are some reports of lead poisoning with opium, from Iran . We find 6 reports (9 cases) about this subject. All of these patients were Iranian and addicted to opium. The ages of all cases were 25( 68 years old (mean=40.9 ±14.07). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (100%) and nausea ( 4 cases of 9 (44.4%)) .The most signs were abdominal tenderness (100%) and icter (4 cases of 9 (44.4%))and neurologic problem( 3 cases of 9 (33.3%)). All of them reported anemia and elevated liver enzymes (ALT AND AST) but none of them reported any renal function abnormalities. Their manifestations and abnormalities in lab tests were relived after about 4(15 days and about one month of starting chelating treatment, respectively, although one cases did not respond to treatment and died. Some reasons of cause of opium lead(contamination are : the addition of lead for increasing the weight of the opium by salesmen, and be due to the processing or preparation of opium. Another reason may be due to presence of lead miners located near to the opium cultivation's lands. all of these reports are male and we cannot find any reports of women. We suggest higher opioid consumption in men than in women is reason. Although all of the reported cases had pbl> 20 Fg/dL, all of them were reported with normal vital signs and none reported any or high blood pressure. It may be due to the vasodilatoric effect of opium (morphine). In conclusion, lead poisoning often goes unrecognized for long periods of time due to a low index of suspicion, but may be fatal. Therefore, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained anemia or abdominal symptoms, especially in opium addicts.


In the experiment the white outbred rats with transplanted liver cancer (cholangiocarcinoma line PC-1) and simulated alloxan diabetes were treated by single intravenous injection of gold nanorods. State of lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the following parameters: the malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide, the average weght molecules in the serum of animals by conventional spectrophotometric methods study using a spectrofluorometer RF-5301 PC (Shimadzu, Japan). In both experimental groups of animals the significant increasing of levels of lipid peroxidation products was noted compared with control group. After intravenous administration of nanoparticles in the group of animals with alloxan diabetes the activation of a free radical oxidation was not observed, in group with transplanted liver cancer the increasing of levels of lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde was established.


Freedom is one of the most difficult and multi-aspect conceptions in history of philosophy. It includes a lot of different external elements, for example responsibility. Freedom per se is utopia, which has subject (human being, God or other powers) in its centre. Freedom is always realized as any condition of subject of this freedom (who can have it or not, which depends on his (or her) life"s frameworks). Also freedom includes two dimensions: negative (from) and positive (of) which are interrelated. It is necessary to research the opposition between psychological and moral freedom (of Vindelband) to better understand these two conceptions. First of them is connected with the sense of realization of absolutely all projects (for example, in artwork) second of them is better represented in philosophy of I. Kant, where it is defined as self-restriction. Only moral freedom has real responsibility, where subject is similar to the subject of freedom. Sometimes it can be observed that the responsibility has another subject than freedom. This was clearly shown in art of the 20th century. Artists tried to realize freedom as independent beginning in Renaissance (although the ideal of autonomy was adopted from an ancient ideal of autarchy). But at the end of 20th century an artist declared himself independent not only from external compulsion, coming from society with its tests and needs, but also from those boundaries which were inside of art, in its tradition (i.e., the rules and methods of creation). This tendency came up to absurd in Dadaism, which tried to destroy tradition by all possible ways. But tradition for Dadaism was avant-garde, which was the soil of Dadaism. In this case responsibility gradually escaped from the viewpoint of an artist and his task became the achievement of psychological freedom. That is why the reader was getting more and more responsibility. This process was completed with postmodernism, in which the basis of all cultural phenomena (sign) transformed into simulacra, hiding the absence of the reality. This further led to the division of the subject of freedom from subject of responsibility (reader who can assign simulacra any meanings, because it does not have its own). Thereby classical idea about direct relation responsibility from freedom did not find confirmation in the 20th century art material. It shows their divergence on the level of subject


Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is a powerful learning method which allows an expressive representation of the data and produces explicit knowledge. However, ILP systems suffer from a major drawback as they return a single theory based on heuristic user-choices of various parameters, thus ignoring potentially relevant rules. Accordingly, we propose an original approach based on Formal Concept Analysis for effective interpretation of reached theories with the possibility of adding domain knowledge. Our approach is applied to the characterization of three-dimensional (3D) protein-binding sites which are the protein portions on which interactions with other proteins take place. In this context, we define a relational and logical representation of 3D patches and formalize the problem as a concept learning problem using ILP. We report here the results we obtained on a particular category of protein-binding sites namely phosphorylation sites using ILP followed by FCA-based interpretation.


A novel position impedance controller with force estimation model is proposed to suppress the uncertainty of the position in robotic machining process. This control strategy employs a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the impedance parameters to reduce the disturbance in constrained motion and improve the effect of force control. An empirical force model taking into consideration the burrs affection is developed to estimate the cutting force. The model is used to adjust the reference force of impedance controller according to the feedback location of the end-effectors to get the smooth surface. The simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the approach.


Interest in increasing public involvement in the courts stems from a continuing concern about the poor public image of the courts and the belief that the third branch of government will benefit by becoming more responsive to public preferences. In July 1984, the National Center for State Courts conducted a national survey to detemine the nature and extent of citizen participation in the state court systems. Survey responses indicated a relatively low level of citizen participation across the country, but innovative programs do exist in certain states. This article presents the results of the survey and provides supplemental information based on previous literature in some of the major citizen participation areas. It discusses the implica tions for both the courts and the public, identifies effective models of public involve ment, and recommends specific steps that the state courts can take to build a more accountable justice system.


We will demonstrate Layered Schema Architecture (LSA) as a novel semantic harmonization tool to make health-related records research and AI-ready. LSA is designed to capture data, contextual metadata, and semantics to preserve the correct meaning of data through transformations in an ecosystem where multiple data standards and conventions exist. The specific examples in this demonstration will deal with the harmonization of clinical data and social needs screening survey data collected from disparate systems using multiple data standards and ontologies.


With rapid development of picture archiving and communication system(PACS),the interpretation of medical images has been changing from a mode based on films and light boxes to one based on computers and medical displays.A quality assurance program to the condition of workstation displays and image quality guidelines for interpretation from soft-copy reading has become increasingly important.This article analyzes and synthesizes the relationship of display performance and the medical image diagnostic appraisal.Mainly from the monitor lightness and resolution,superficial cleanliness,the environment degree of illumination,statistics assessment method(ROC curve) and so on,the diagnostic quality control in PACS system is introduced.


Let H1 be a quantum group and f : H1⟶H2 a Hopf algebra homomorphism. Assume that B is some braided group obtained by Majid's transmutation process. We first show that there is a tensor equivalence between the category of comodules over the braided group B and that of relative Yetter-Drinfeld modules. Next, we prove that the Drinfeld centers of the two categories mentioned above are equivalent to the category of modules over some quantum double, namely, the category of ordinary Yetter-Drinfeld modules over some Radford's biproduct Hopf algebra. Importantly, the above results not only hold for a finite dimensional quantum group but also for an infinite dimensional one.


Most if not all modern constitutions are transformative in substance, seeking at least in part to articulate a vision of an ideal society and a constitutional imperative to change accordingly, and Latin American systems are important examples. The term itself, however, was first used (by a US scholar) to describe the South African case. This chapter summarizes the South African experience with the term and seeks to draw lessons from it to contribute to the Latin American debate, and support a south-south dialogue that ought to be far richer than it currently is.


Significance The oviduct is essential for female fertility due to its two main functions: transport and nourishment. While the nourishment role is mainly fulfilled by secretory cells, the relative contribution to the transport function by ciliated cells and smooth muscle cells remains controversial. Here, we show that functional motile cilia in the infundibulum are essential for oocyte pickup and transport, whereas motile cilia in the ampulla and isthmus regions of the oviduct facilitate gamete and embryo transport but are dispensable for female fertility. Knowledge derived from the present study may have important clinical implications in the areas including development of nonhormonal female contraceptives, understanding the cause of ectopic pregnancy and high-grade serous ovarian cancer, etc. Mammalian oviducts play an essential role in female fertility by picking up ovulated oocytes and transporting and nurturing gametes (sperm/oocytes) and early embryos. However, the relative contributions to these functions from various cell types within the oviduct remain controversial. The oviduct in mice deficient in two microRNA (miRNA) clusters (miR-34b/c and miR-449) lacks cilia, thus allowing us to define the physiological role of oviductal motile cilia. Here, we report that the infundibulum without functional motile cilia failed to pick up the ovulated oocytes. In the absence of functional motile cilia, sperm could still reach the ampulla region, and early embryos managed to migrate to the uterus, but the efficiency was reduced. Further transcriptomic analyses revealed that the five messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) encoded by miR-34b/c and miR-449 function to stabilize a large number of mRNAs involved in cilium organization and assembly and that Tubb4b was one of their target genes. Our data demonstrate that motile cilia in the infundibulum are essential for oocyte pickup and thus, female fertility, whereas motile cilia in other parts of the oviduct facilitate gamete and embryo transport but are not absolutely required for female fertility.


[...]we present some key workplace challenges, emphasize the excellent work done by I-O psychology researchers across Canada, and highlight what we believe are the next steps needed to maintain vibrant I-O scholarship in this country. Led largely by female researchers, this body of literature tackles important issues such as gender biases, stereotypes, and prejudice women face in performance appraisals, leadership, and negotiations;the work-family interface;organizational interventions;and institutional barriers to gender equality. [...]in the context of standardized testing, the social benefits of accommodation must be considered alongside the risks for the hiring organization;for instance, negative potential impacts on test validity. [...]the trajectory of collective efficacy tends to be negative in most virtual teams;however, teams that are able to minimize this decline tend to perform better. [...]this work highlights some of the challenges that remote teams must face and overcome in order to be effective.


• Climate model and various environmental monitoring and protection applications have begun to increasingly rely on satellite measurements.• Research application users seek good quality satellite data, with uncertainties and biases provided for each data point• Remote-sensing quality issues are addressed rather inconsistently and differently by different communities.6/30/2011 EGU 2011


The aim of this paper is to analyze the positions of teachers and students from public and private universities, correlating students' comments about the attitude of teachers in the classroom, with what teachers say about students. This research is qualitative in nature. An individual interview was applied to students and teachers through intentional sampling. Data were interpreted based on the interpretative approach. The study shows that a change in teacher attitude in the classroom can become an effective way to promote teacher communication, reporting benefits for the formation and development of student critical awareness.


A novel dual‐mode bandpass filter (BPF) using a dual spiral‐shaped defected ground waveguide (DGW) resonator is proposed in this letter. The dual‐mode characteristic of this filter is achieved by loading a defected T‐shaped stub at the midline of the spiral‐shaped DGW resonator. Also, non‐orthogonal input and output feed‐lines are adopted in the filter. Based on the compact DGW structure, a dual‐mode BPF with central frequency of 1.5 GHz for the global positioning system is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results agree well with the predicted response and verify the proposed methodology.


As living standards increasing,it is inevitable that people require higher standard service for the leisure facilities and tourism.In order to fullfill this requirement,there were appearing more than 10 leisure manors with the theme of lavender in Beijing area within a few years.The research about 6 manors were presented.The deficiency in these manors was analysed in details and the advice was presented for the development of lavender planting in Beijing area.


Social software tools have been observed to change the way how students in this generation interact, socialize and learn. Recent focus of social software usage in the academic context studies concentrate on the pedagogical perspectives and informal learning purpose. The focus of this study is, however, another untapped potential which is knowledge sharing among students. This paper presents the finding from a survey study which aimed to investigate whether or not the students in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions use the social software tools for sharing knowledge and information with their friends. A total of 227 students from various universities in Malaysia participated in this survey study. The results indicate that the students are familiar with many social software tools. In addition, the majority of these students also shares information and knowledge with friends on different social software tools.


It has long been known that cardiac myocytes release ATP, and that the release of ATP is increased in response to hypoxia and ischaemia. The mechanisms underlying that release and its regulation, however, remain unclear. In this issue of Acta Physiologica, Wang and colleagues from the Ballard lab present intriguing new evidence of a role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the release of ATP from cardiac myocytes in response to simulated ischaemia.


Marine seismic data processing is investigated to monitor possible leakages from the geological Carbon storage. Due to the high importance of storage permanence, a precise leakage monitoring strategy is crucial. Advanced seismic monitoring solutions should be used for this goal. The proficiency of these solutions for monitoring a Carbon storage leakage can be affected by shallower layers due to their structures, seismic wave attenuation, and leak size. Knowing the difficulty of this problem, we investigate the two popular seismic monitoring methods on Seismic data for monitoring Carbon leaks in different scenarios: Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) and Reverse-Time Migration (RTM).
 Finding the best survey strategy for monitoring carbon leaks is also significant. So, the results of different survey strategies, including vertical seismic profiling (VSP), cross-well, and surface, are compared to demonstrate the pros and cons of each strategy.
 The synthetic marine seismic data is calculated for different models, including Carbon storage and its leak. We used a set of realistic physical values for sedimentary rocks that are common for such a media. An elastic finite-difference time-domain scheme is used for the simulations. We applied FWI and RTM methods for monitoring Carbon Leaks using the seismic data. The FWI results demonstrate a good detection of the leakage areas that were clearer in the VSP survey than the others. Also, the performance of the FWI method was checked for different sizes of Carbon leaks. The results show the high capability of FWI as a solution to this problem. Besides, the RTM results show the high potential of the z-component of seismic data outperformed in showing the borders of the CO2 leakage. This point is more visible in the VSP results than in others. On the other side, the x-component of seismic data in the RTM results shows that it can demonstrate lateral reflectors better.


(A) IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF TRIPHALA MEGAEXT (B)Objective:To evaluated Immunomodulatory activity of Triphala megaExt in albino mice Methods: Immunomodulatory activity of Triphala megaExt was determined by using different experimental models such as carbon clearance test and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) response [Foot Pad Swelling]. Triphala megaExt was administered orally at low dose and high dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Result: This result is shown significantly (p<0.01) increased in phagocytic index when compared to control group this indicates stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and increase in DTH response or cell mediated immunity indicated of increase mean paw edema value. Conclussion: According to this study, it is clearly indicating that Triphala megaExt show potent Immunomodulatory activity.


Despite its importance in modern Germany, Prussia in the medieval period has been neglected by English and American historians. Until the recent books by E. Christiansen and W. Urban, the pioneering studies of F. L. Carsten had to suffice. Michael Burleigh's Prussian Society is a major contribution to our understanding of the German East. Burleigh intends to explain the defeat of the German Order in the war of 1454-1466 and the Peace of Thorn of 1466. The defeat resulted from rivalries between order members from western and those from southern Germany. This conflict exacerbated the alienation felt by the Prussian gentry, who were rarely allowed to join the order and resented domination by outside officials. Such conditions had existed before 1410, but previously the Prussians and the order had seemed to be united in a crusade against the pagans. In the fifteenth century the order was fighting the Polish-Lithuanian kings who were both Christian and Catholic. Furthermore, many of the Prussians were ethnically akin to the Poles. The wars of 1410, 1414, 1422, and 1431-1433 caused considerable depopulation and destruction of buildings. The economy suffered at the same time that the order tried to raise considerable sums of money by taxes. The order relied increasingly on mercenary soldiers, further alienating the Prussian gentry. The Prussian knights and freemen came together with the representatives of the towns in the estates. Despite tensions between the larger, Hanseatic towns and the rural gentry, these estates united in 1440 to seal the charter of the union. So long as Konrad von Erlichshausen was Grand Master, his policies were able to prevent a final breach, but when the reactionary group within the order elected Ludwig von Erlichshausen as Master in 1450, the tensions exploded in the final conflict which left the order with a much reduced and altered state under its control.


In this paper, a compact 5G band N77 bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple zeros is designed based on GaAs integrated passive device (IPD) process. The BPF consists of lumped capacitors and inductors. Hybrid resonator technology which consists of a combination of shunt and series resonant tanks are proposed to produce six transmission zeros in the stopband and significantly improve the filter selectivity. In addition, a series resonator at the output port of the filter was introduced to produce another transmission zero at the upper stopband and further improve the stopband suppression. Meanwhile, to reduce the area and insertion loss of the filter, a stacked inductor is designed by using IPD technology, which can greatly reduce the area and size of the filter. The minimum insertion loss is 1.782 dB. The size of the entire BPF is 1.3 mm × 0.7 mm.


Since the adoption of a flexible exchange rate system in 1973, central banks of most industrialized countries have continued to intervene in foreign exchange markets. One reason is that exchange rate volatility has increased. To reduce volatility, many European countries have agreed to keep exchange rates within a band around a target exchange rate, implementing this policy by intervening in foreign exchange markets when necessary. Even without an explicit exchange rate commitment, countries such as the United States and Japan have intervened in foreign exchange markets to help stabilize exchange rates.> Opinions differ on whether central banks can stabilize exchange rates. Some analysts believe central bank intervention can reduce exchange rate volatility by stopping speculative attacks against a currency. Other analysts, though, believe central bank intervention may increase volatility if the intervention contributes to market uncertainty or encourages speculative attacks against the currency.> Bonser-Neal presents empirical evidence on this controversy. Her evidence suggests that central bank intervention does not generally reduce exchange rate volatility. Rather, central bank intervention typically appears to have had little effect on volatility.


Objective To investigate the clinical relationship between cerebral haemorrhage and abnormal electrocardiogram.Methods The clinical data of 141 patients with acute cerebral haemorrhage were analysed.Results 141 patients' morbidity rate of abnormal electrocardiogram was 65.25%.The morbidity of atrial premature beat in right cerebral haemorrhage group was more common(P0.05).The morbidity of sinus tachycardia in brainstem and cerebellar haemorrhage group was higher(P0.05).Conclusion Acute cerebral haemorrhage may precipitate cardiac lesion.It is necessary to prevent cardiac lesion.


Parent's attention to children is still lacking, caused by several things including busyness, low educational background, lack of parent's direction of everything that has been achieved by the child, causing the child to become indifferent to learning. The problems that arise are how the influence of parenting parents on student learning discipline at MTs Al Hidayah Ciomas Panjalu.This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of parenting on student learning discipline in MTs Al Hidayah Ciomas Panjalu.The method used in this research is descriptive method with quantitative approach. The study population at MTs Al Hidayah was 162 students with a sample of 35 people. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The data collection tool taken was observation and questionnaire as many as 35 respondents, after the data was collected with complete stages. The next step was data analysis using spermant rank coefficient (rs). Parental parenting values in Al Hidayah MTs were obtained at 39.4 at intervals of 38.2 - 40.3 with a fairly good classification. While the learning discipline value of students in Al Hidayah MTs was obtained at 37.97 at intervals of 35.22 - 38.44 with poor classification. Based on the testing of hypotheses that have been done, the results have a pretty good effect between parenting parents with student learning discipline in MTs Al Hidayah. This is obtained from rs = 0.59 with the Guilford scale at an interval of 0.41 - 0.60 with a fairly good classification. The pattern of Oreangtua Parenting affects the Discipline of Student Learning is 35% so 65% is influenced by other factors. The influence of these two variables, namely Parenting Parents Against Student Learning Discipline is a significant correlation. This is evidenced by t_count = 4.20> t_table = 1.69236 so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus Parenting Parents have a pretty good effect on Student Learning Discipline.


Starting from training talented person of application,this article has studied the teaching method reform of the higher mathematics,emphasized direct-viewing introduction of the course content,to solve the actual problem with the teaching method nimbly.


The literature suggests that rural residents experience psychological sense of community (PSOC), as well as isolation, and some researchers indicate that PSOC and isolation may be related to the mental health and wellbeing of rural residents. However, few studies have investigated how rural residents understand and experience these constructs. This study explored experiences of PSOC and isolation among individuals who grew up in rural areas using qualitative methods. Fourteen students enrolled at a Midwestern university who were from small towns or rural areas completed a brief survey and were individually interviewed. A thematic analysis was performed on participants' interview responses, and 6 themes were identified that were organized in 2 domains: PSOC and isolation. Participants reported feeling connected to their rural hometowns by knowing others and being known, as well as by the support they perceived community members to be providing to each other. In addition, participants felt isolated from people and resources outside their communities and described not wanting to "get stuck" in their hometowns as they perceived others to do. These findings provide information about the scope of these constructs and provide direction for future research examining the relation of PSOC and isolation to the mental health and wellbeing of rural residents.


A microcytotoxicity test was used to search for cell‐mediated destruction of sarcomas, induced in Japanese quails by the Schmidt‐Ruppin strain of the Rous sarcoma virus (SR‐RSV).


Based on cold asphalt renewable project in Chongqing ,trough the finite element method to carry out the thermal stress, shrinkage resistamce superior performance at low temperrature, good fategue performance and the temperature stress with the thickness of the road surface.


Solutions of the seepage exclusion problem for sloping cylinders of arbitrary cross section are simply deduced from those for horizontal cylinders. The three-dimensional flow field around sloping cylinders may be specified by two scalar functions of two space coordinates. Liability to water entry from downward unsaturated seepage decreases as the slope of the cylinder axis increases.


on a &dquo;spec~ial relationship&dquo; with the United States, he shocked a number of people inordinately. Yet any dispassionate critic, surveying in detachment the story of Britain's foreign policy endeavour since the war, must alas! come to the same conclusion. &dquo;lch~abod-the glory has departed!&dquo; We have lost our Great Power status, forfeited our traditional mediating role and, like it or not, we have becomer--although Mr. Acheson was too polite to say so-to all intents and purposes America's satellite. It is for that very reason, incidentally, that President de Gaulle seeks to exclude Britain, as things are, from the European fold.


Objectives To investigate the clinic significance of real-time fluorescent PCR for detection of bacillus tuberculosis DNA(TB-DNA),and the different detection rate of 6 types of sample.Methods The samples of sputum,serum,urine,puncture fluid,cerebrospinal fluid,serious membrane fluid were detected for TB-DNA by a real-time fluorescent PCR assay.Results 1624 different type samples were collected and the total positive rate was 2.77%,Serum had the lowest positive rate among the 6 types of sample,only with 0.4%.Puncture fluid andurine had higher positive rate,with 27.27% and 21.95% respectively.The positive results of patients with complete clinical record were completely coincident with clinical diagnosis.Conclusions Real-time fluorescent PCR is fast,simple with high sensitivity and specificity and suitable for detection of different types of sample,which is one of the effective methods for detection of TB-DNA in clinical situation and early diagnosis of tuberculosis.


The ezrly 20 years of the 20 th century is a juncture of Beijing opera. The regeneration must bring about new research topics to the audience, the actor and the list of operas. There is no obvious posture of changes in the stage. We need to analyse the situation and the cause, forecast the influence and the trend, touch on the symptom and the countermeasure. Foreground will be decided by this fact that whether we can face up to the reality and whether we can take action from now on.


Since WorldWar II, permanent interest rate shocks have driven nearly all of the fluctuations of U.S. M1 velocity, which is cointegrated with the short rate, and most of the long-horizon variation in the velocity of M2-M1. Permanent velocity shocks specific to M2-M1, on the other hand, have played a minor role. Further, counterfactual simulations show that, absent permanent interest rate shocks, M1 velocity would have been broadly flat, and fluctuations in the velocity of M2-M1 would have been more subdued than they have historically been. We show that failure to distinguish between M1 and M2-M1 causes a significant distortion of the inference, erroneously pointing towards a dominant role for M2 velocity shocks.


DURING the past two decades, a revolution has taken place in contraceptive use in this country. The diaphragm and the condom, mainstays of contraception until the advent of the pill, have gradually fallen into disfavor among increasingly wide segments of the population who prefer the more modern and convenient oral contraceptive or the intrauterine devices (IUDs). Although condom sales have actually risen in the past ten years, its use among teenagers has declined. 1 The net effect of these developments has been to increase dramatically the number of persons using some form of effective contraception. Nevertheless, in calendar year 1976 there were 588,744 pregnancies in teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 years that were carried to term in the United States, 2 an all-time high; 231,734 legal abortions were performed in this same age group. 3 Furthermore, despite easy and, until recently, free-of-cost access to abortion since the


Abstract One of the major professional responsibilities of accountants and auditors is to identify and evaluate the risks in accounting information systems. More and more accounting systems are utilizing wireless data links, including 802.11 "wi-fi" segments. Because of marketing claims and personal experiences, it is widely believed by both professionals and the public that today's 802.11 wireless equipment has an operational range of well under 500 feet. This paper reports on an experiment which established reliable, high-speed connections across a distance of 56 miles using commercial off-the-shelf equipment. The results provide empirical evidence that the risk of undetected eavesdropping on modern Wi-Fi network transmissions extends to at least a thousand times as far as the commonly-recognized range of these networks. This experiment vividly demonstrates the possibility that accounting data is at risk well outside the normal sphere of expected vulnerability recognized by auditors and systems evaluato...


The invention discloses a calcium carbide furnace waste gas flue with a dust remover. The waste gas flue comprises a water cooling flue, wherein the inlet of the water cooling flue is communicated with the top of a calcium carbide furnace, and the outlet of the water cooling flue is communicated with the inlet of the dust remover; the top of the dust remover is provided with an exhaust flue communicated with the atmosphere; the bottom of the dust remover is provided with an ash discharging port; the flue gas of the calcium carbide furnace enters into the dust remover by the water cooling flue; the dust remover is used for removing large-granular dust escaping from the waste gas flue; the flue gas treated by the dust remover is exhausted by the exhaust flue; the dust in the dust remover passes through the dust discharging port and then is periodically cleaned, so that the environment is beautified, and the recurrence of the phenomenon that dark smoke billows in calcium-carbide production is avoided. The waste gas flue has the advantage of beautifying the environment.


The results of density functional theory calculations at the APFD/SDD level are detailed herein in order to study the main steps in the α,β-dehydrogenation of aldehydes and cyclic ketones in the presence of an allylpalladium complex catalyst. The mechanism is believed to proceed via an allylpalladium enolate complex (A) in equilibrium with the carbon-bonded complex (B), followed by β-hydride elimination to yield the allylpalladium hydride coordinated to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (complex C). The optimized structures and detailed energy profiles of these intermediates and their corresponding transition states are presented herein. The results indicate that the intermediates and their transition states are more stable in THF solution than in the gas phase. In detail, the energy barriers for the two steps are found to be 25.22 and 11.13 kcal/mol, respectively, in THF, and 29.93 and 9.77 kcal/mol, respectively, in the gas phase.


The degradation of organic matter by microorganisms provides a source of electrical potential or so-called 'self potential' (SP) that can be measured by using a voltmeter. During this process electrons are being produced as a waste-product and bacterial cells have to dispose of these to allow for the complete biodegradation of organic matter. Especially in anaerobic microbial communities, exo-cellular electron transfer is the most important driving force behind this process and organisms have developed different, but also similar, ways to transfer electrons to other microorganisms. Recently, it has been postulated that direct electron transfer from cell-to-cell is actually done by 'hard-wired' microorganisms. This shuttling of electrons is most likely done by certain c-type cytochromes that form the functional part of electrically conductive nanowires. In this study we investigated if nanowires can explain the geoelectrical (self potential and spectral induced polarization) signals observed at some biostimulated environments such as DOE sites. The objectives of our project are to: (1) investigate any temporal changes in the geophysical signatures (Self Potential (SP) and Induced Polarization (IP)) associated with nanowires of the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, wild type and mtrc/omcA deletion mutant, (2) demonstrate that mutant strains of bacteria that produce nonconductive nanowires do not contribute to geoelectrical responses. We accomplished the following: (1) Provided training to students and a postdoctoral fellow that worked on the project, (2) Conducted several SP & IP measurements correlating the distribution of nanowires and SIP/SP signals in partial fulfillment of object No. 1 and 2. On the following we will report and discuss the results of our last experiment with some emphasis on the source mechanisms of both SP and IP associated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, wild type in sand columns.


A Hebbian-type learning algorithm for the total least-squares parameter estimation is presented. An asymptotic analysis is carried out to show that the algorithm allows the weight vector of a linear neuron unit to converge to the eigenvector associated with the smallest eigenvalue of the correlation matrix of the input signal. When the algorithm is applied to solve parameter estimation problems, the converged weights directly yield the total least-squares solution. It is shown that the implementations of the proposed algorithm have the simplicity of those of the LMS algorithm, but its noise rejection capability is much superior to those of the least-squares-based algorithms. The applicability and performance of the algorithm are demonstrated through computer simulations of adaptive FIR and IIR parameter estimation problems.<<ETX>>


Different models of self-organization processes are described from physical, information, and algorithmic (quantum computing) point of view. Role of quantum correlation types and information transport in self-organization of structure type design is discussed. A generalized quantum algorithm (QA) design of self-organization processes is developed. Particular case of this approach (based on early developed quantum swarm model) is discussed. The physical interpretation of self-organization control process on quantum level is introduced based on the information model of the exchange and extraction of quantum (hidden) value information from/between classical particle's trajectories in particle swarm. New types of quantum correlations (as behavior control coordinator) and information transport (value information) between particle swarm trajectories are introduced. Quantum Fuzzy Inference (QFI) model is introduced based on thermodynamics and information-theoretic measures of agent interactions in communication space between macroand micro-levels (the entanglement-based correlations in an active system represented by a collection of intelligent agents). From computer science viewpoint, QA of QFI model plays the role of the information-algorithmic and SWplatform support for design of self-organization process. Physically, QFI supports optimal thermodynamic trade-off between stability, controllability and robustness in self-organization process. The dominant role of self-organization in robust knowledge base (KB) design of intelligent fuzzy controllers (FC) for unpredicted control situations is discussed.


Knowledge-based HR practices (KHRP) were developed to enhance the organization's capacity to create, share and use new information (Caputo et al., 2019). So, knowledge-based HR practices could be crucial in attracting, selecting, positioning, maintaining, and transforming important human resources in developing novel processes and products (Manzaneque, et al., 2017). There has been a consensus among previous research that identifying KHRP is a determinant of innovation (Al-Tal and Emeagwali, 2019). Yet, it does not adequately describe how KHRP contributes to competitive advantage. Specifically, there is a gap in understanding how KSB can facilitate the translation of KHRP and SC (Singh et al., 2021) into improved ER outcomes, and whether this relationship varies across different organizational contexts or industries. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and identify effective strategies for promoting KSB to enhance employee retention in organizations.

Keywords: Knowledge-based HR practices, Social Capital, Knowledge Sharing Behavior, Employee Retention, Innovative Work Behavior.


Purpose – The aims of this study are threefold: to examine the relationship between gender role stereotypes and requisite managerial characteristics, to test Lord and Maher's recognition‐based processes to determine whether familiarity with women in leadership positions decreases the "think manager‐think male" stereotype and to examine the nature of the attributes used to describe men, women and managers.Design/methodology/approach – Schein's Descriptive Index was used in this study. A total of 1,236 surveys were included in the study. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, r1) were computed to determine the relationship between the different moderators and requisite managerial characteristics. Factorial analysis and agglomerative hierarchal cluster analysis were used to identify the traits attributed to men, women and managers.Findings – Male respondents continue to gender type the managerial role in favour of men. Both males and managers continue to be viewed as agentic in nature while women are view...


The University of Ulster, one of two in Northern Ireland and of seven on the island of Ireland has a student population of some 26,000 with 4 campuses (Belfast, Jordanstown, Coleraine and Magee) dispersed throughout the county. It has created an ambitious estates development strategy that includes the development of a new urban campus in Belfast city centre, the capital city, with the initial phase due occupancy in 2015 and the complete campus by October 2018. The decision to develop the new campus, which will eventually be home to 15,000 students, was taken following a Government commissioned review, in 2006, of the higher education estate in Northern Ireland. A review by the University considered various options to redress the situation, with the most cost-effective option being to relocate around 13,000 students from its Jordanstown campus to a new city centre development.The new campus will play a significant role in the academic, cultural, social and economic regeneration of the city of Belfast and will be co-located and integrated with its existing modern campus where approximately 1,800 students currently study.


The N=1 supersymmetric mKdVB system is transformed to a coupled bosonic system by using the bosonization approach. By a singularity structure analysis, the bosonized supersymmetric mKdVB (BSmKdVB) equation admits the Painleve property. Starting from the standard truncated Painleve method, the nonlocal symmetry for the BSmKdVB equation is obtained. To solve the first Lie's principle related with the nonlocal symmetry, the nonlocal symmetry is localized to the Lie point symmetry by introducing multiple new fields. Thanks to localization processes, similarity reductions for the prolonged systems are studied by the Lie point symmetry method. The interaction solutions among solitons and other complicated waves including Painleve II waves and periodic cnoidal waves are given through the reduction theorems. The soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solutions are explicitly given by using the mapping and deformation method. The concrete soliton-cnoidal interaction solutions are displayed both in analytical and graphic...


This paper expounds the importance of communication in clinical work, points out that the current communication problems in clinical nursing work and describes the concept of SBAR communication model , background and the application of the shifting duty and transit critically ill patients in clinical work. Put forward and carry out the standardized and individualized SBAR communication model which can help the nurse to determine the patients' main problems. Then collect the related data to analyze and summarize, which should be quickly and completely passed to the medical staff to improve the communication efficiency, save the working time, so as to ensure that the patients received timely and safely medical service. Expounded that practice in clinical nursing work with implementing effective SBAR communication model can promote the nurses' comprehensive ability, ensure the safety of patients, promote the physician, nurses and patients to communicate effectively, improve satisfaction , the nurse self-worth and team cooperation. Put forword some problems in the practice with SBAR communication model, such as strengthening the guidance of young nurses, establishing a long-term supervision mechanism, designing a flexible application and high maneuver ability individualized SBAR communication model and reaching a consensus and cooperation with doctors.

Key words:
Situation background assessment recommendation; Communication model; Shifting duty; Safety; Review


In order (0 prOIl/Oie exchange ofknowledge (Ind slOl1dardi:WfiOI/ of Iile medical techniqlle. social medical systems, medical ethics, new medical items, medical science, and medical educalion in AsiaPacijlc area, we have established a medical network wifh high-quality moving image over broad-banded Internef lines since Febl"llwy 200J Broadca,Hing real-time teleconference and live demonstration with medical-qualifY videos using Digital Video Transport Sys'fem (DVTS) were so useful fO learn advanced medical techniques and equipmems ineluding electronic medical record (EMR) I piC/lire al'chil'ing alld COIlIIlI1lf1icatioll ,Iysfem (PACS) beyond borders. We have done 58 events unti! March 2006. In this project. we conducted a virtual site visit at Seoul National University Blllldang Hospital from Yokohama venue of 25 Joim Conference of Medical Informalics fO see Ihe advanced EMRJPACS by the network in November 2005. A remote leC1llre abouf Korean medical insurance sySlem was transmiffed frolll Seoul. The sess'ion was· given by Jopanese language. Overlhan 260 parlicipanls. inelllding medical doctors, medical engineers, hospital office workers. vender company slaffs. and sludenls. in Yokohama vel/lie enjoyed and leamed the syslem remotelyfor2 hours. The reSlll1 of questiollnaire survey sllggested high sati.~faction on the session. We coneluded that Ihe medical informarics is one ofsllifablefieldsfor fhe broad-banded lelemedicine nehvork as Ihe collfenf.


Abstract Multiple oviposition attractants are used for Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito surveillance in the CDC Gravid Trap, including hay and fish emulsion-infused water. Despite the use of both in the United States, no research has compared their attractiveness. We conducted trapping throughout Louisiana to assess the attractiveness of hay and fish emulsion-infused water in various habitat types and climates. Our results indicate that fish emulsion-infused water attracts more mosquitoes overall, more Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), and a wider diversity of mosquitoes than hay-infused water. This trend was maintained, regardless of habitat type or climate.


Regarding Nanjing chemical industrial park as the case,this paper discusses the optimal risk management for special equipment in chemical industrial park and puts forward problems existed. Aimed at the simple quantification and lack of references value for management risk,two kinds of calculation methods,quantitative and qualitative,are proposed to make special equipment potential risks analyses more rational. In view of the operative complexity for the risk assessment system,the risk factors are defined scientifically in accordance with the special equipment management status of Nanjing chemical industrial park and the inherent risks of equipment and the AHP method and the quantitative weighted average method are introduced to improve the division for risk grades. Based on the disconnection between safety management and risk management,the classified regulation from law is introduced to improve the regulatory,the five levels of supervision models are designed and the management mode for special equipment potential risks is optimized. The optimization helps to the engineering application,make risks quantification more accurate and feasible,highlights the important parts of the supervision and management of special equipment and favorable for the risks supervision of the government and enterprises.


By the time you read this editorial, Pacific Conservation Biology may be fully online (http://www.informit.com.au/ ? see access instructions at the end of this article, or check for a link on the journal web site at http://pcb.murdoch.edu.au/). With support from the Oceania Section of the Society for Conservation Biology (http://www.conbio.org/Sections/Oceania), all back issues of Pacific Conservation Biology, not already in pdf format, have been scanned and made electronically friendly. Researchers, students and anyone interested in conservation biology in the Pacific Region will now be able to access Pacific Conservation Biology archives through subscribing libraries, by purchasing a specific article on-line or consulting an article for a pay per view fee. For most of us, online access to journals has made the literature easier and faster to use than at any time in the past. It will be a while yet before visits to a library or opening a book are no longer essential to good research, but the day is coming.


Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all idioms towards a word-level approach for semantically decomposable idioms. We take that idea one step further and argue that a semantically non-decomposable idiom of syntactically regular shape can also be analyzed in terms of individual word-level lexical entries. We suggest that these entries combine according to the standard rules of syntax and that the restrictions on the syntactic flexibility of a semantically non-decomposable idiom follow exclusively from the interaction of the special semantics of these entries with the semantic and pragmatic constraints of the relevant syntactic constructions in a particular language. In our analysis, the words constituting a non-decomposable idiom make partially identical semantic contributions. We formulate our analysis in Lexical Resource Semantics (Richter & Sailer 2004).


Thin foil electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the dislocation behavior of Inconel X-750 tensile specimens tested at temperatures ranging from room temperature of 1500/sup 0/F (816/sup 0/C). Operative dislocation mechanisms were related to the fracture surface morphologies and the overall tensile response of this nickel-base alloy. Under room temperature and intermediate temperature conditions, a rather extensive dislocation substructure throughout the matrix was associated with the ductile response exhibited by Inconel X-750. In the higher temperature regime, approximately 1200 to 1300/sup 0/F (649 to 704/sup 0/C), all dislocation activity was channeled through narrow slip bands which subsequently initiated localized separation and a very faceted fracture surface appearance. The absence of a homogeneous dislocation substructure in this temperature regime resulted in a severe degradation in ductility levels. At the highest test temperature, 1500/sup 0/F (816/sup 0/C), a uniform dislocation network throughout the Inconel X-750 matrix coupled with intense dislocation activity adjacent to the grain boundaries resulted in a marked improvement in ductility.


This master thesis project will describe and evaluate the interfaces between applications and Controller Area Network, CAN, interface boards from different manufacturers. The interfaces have corresponding functions but the usage of parameters is different. The simply communication of sending and receiving messages is more alike than the supplementary functions between the different interfaces. The CAN communication is more controlled by the CAN protocol and is therefore more alike. The evaluation shows differences and similarities between different interfaces and also difficulties and options to translate them. A wrapper can be used to translate between interfaces, it provides an application designed for a certain interface to communicate on the CAN via a different manufacturers interface board. A method to produce a wrapper has been developed. With this method a wrapper which translates between IXXAT:s canAnalyser/32 and CC Systems interface board is developed. With the wrapper the application can communicate on the CAN using the interface board. Some additional functionality, such as status information, can due to CC Systems interface board not be implemented. It is due to the fact that CC Systems interface board and interface is not as extensive and has less functionality than the IXXAT interface. An implementation in opposite direction, an application developed for CC Systems interface and an IXXAT interface board, could result in an implementation which is less affected by the different interfaces. It is not possible to design an interface that translates between several other interfaces, but it is possible to package several translators into one wrapper. But it is still a matter of packaging several translators than the matter of one universal translator. By using the evaluation of the interfaces and the structure of the implemented wrapper, other interfaces can be implemented.


External dampers have been utilized in a number of cable-stayed bridges to suppress transverse cable vibrations. However, simple and accurate damper design recommendations that concurrently consider all important cable parameters are lacking. Previous efforts have been based on the idealization of cables as taut strings. In this paper, the governing differential equation for vibration of cables containing a viscous damper is converted to a complex eigenvalue problem containing nondimensional cable parameters. Next, a parametric study is conducted involving repeated solutions of the eigenvalue problem for a wide range of nondimensional parameters. The effects of dampers on first mode vibration frequencies and first mode cable damping ratios are presented in nondimensional format. It is shown that, for the range of parameters involved in most stay cables, the influence of cable sag is insignificant, whereas the cable bending stiffness can have a significant influence on the resulting cable damping ratios. Simplified nondimensional relationships are proposed for calculating damper-induced changes in the first mode cable damping ratios. Results of lab tests on a scaled model cable are compared with estimated values using the formulation presented. Example problems are also presented for comparison and design purposes.


Scholarship on patronage in the ancient Mediterranean world abounds but is not unanimous in its understanding of how the patronage system worked, how it was present in the pre-Roman Greek world, and what were the differences, if any, in how it functioned in the Roman West and East. Moreover, little is known about how the system worked among non-elites. In two of Paul's relationships, with Philemon and with Phoebe (Rom 16:1-2), we can see the informal patronage system at work among friends with common community ties.


Existing evidence suggest that cybersickness may be clinically different from "classic", motion-induced motion sickness; this evidence was however obtained in separate studies that focussed on just one of the two conditions. Our aim was to bring clarity to this issue, by directly comparing subjective symptoms and physiological effects of motion sickness induced by physical motion (Coriolis cross-coupling) and by immersion in virtual reality (ride on a roller coaster) in the same subjects. A cohort of 30 young healthy volunteers was exposed to both stimulations in a counter-balance order on two separate days at least one week apart. Nausea scores were recorded during the exposure, and Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) was used to profile subjective symptoms post-experiment. Tonic and phasic forehead skin conductance level (SCL) was measured before and during exposure in both stimulation methods. We found that nausea onset times and maximum nausea ratings were significantly correlated during both provocations (r=0.40, p=0.03 and r=0.56, p=0.0012, respectively). Symptom profiling with the MSAQ revealed substantial and significant correlations between total symptom scores (r=0.69, p<0.0001), between each of four symptom clusters and between 15/18 individual symptoms assessed in both conditions. Both provocations caused increase in tonic SCL associated with nausea, with a close correlation between the conditions (r=0.48, p=0.04). This was accompanied by a significant increase in the amplitude of phasic skin conductance transients in both experiments. We conclude that symptoms and physiological changes occurring during cybersickness and "classical" motion sickness are quite similar, at least during advanced stages of these malaises.


T o date most researchers clarifying the distinction between interest and pleasure have done so using independent groups. Apart from one, rank-ordering, study where the interaction of instructional order by polygon complexity did not reach significance (Eisenman, 1966) . reports have not dealt with the same Ss across two viewing phases. The present study investigates this problem. Although various descriptors have been used, e.g., liking, pleasingness, aesthetic pleasure in contrast with the single word "interest," results are unequivocal : the inverse effect is substantiated. Wi th this effect more complex figures are viewed or rated longer or higher than less complex ones under the instruction of interest but the reverse occurs under pleasure-oriented instructions. Berlyne accounts for the inverse effect, in part, by suggesting "a pattern will be judged interesting if it induces a certain amount of disorientation and cannot be assimilated immediately bur there is a promise of success for attempts to process the information contained in it" (1971, p. 215) . By implication, viewing for interest is demanding of greater effort than is, for example, viewing for aesthetic pleasure. It is expected, then, that Ss viewing stimuli mice will demonstrate the inverse effect only when the instruction of "aesthetic pleasure" precedes the instruction of


We report on the electrical properties of Zn‐doped (p‐type) InP epilayers grown by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy. A detailed Hall transport model, accounting for the various scattering mechanisms in semiconductors and including valence‐band degeneracy effects and inter‐ and intraband transitions, has been used for the analysis of the data. It provided excellent simultaneous agreement with the free‐hole concentration and the mobility for Zn concentrations in the range of 7×1016–2×1018 cm−3. Those concentrations, for which the Hall factor was found close to 1, were confirmed by secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy profiles. The binding energies of the samples were in the range of 42.7–26.2 meV and decreased with increasing Zn concentration. A simple approach, based on free‐hole statistics, is proposed for the determination of the impurity concentrations of the lightly doped samples. An increased residual donor concentration, observed at a higher doping level, has been discussed.


We consider the two-mode operation of a gas laser placed in an axial magnetic field. The dependences of the critical frequency, of the region of stable two-mode lasing, and of the frequency of the intermode beats on the magnetic field are investigated for different characters of polarizations of the fields of the interacting modes. It is observed that with increasing magnetic field the behavior of the critical frequency varies significantly with the character of the polarizations of the interacting-mode fields.


At the beginning of the founding of the nation,several decades were an eventful time.The Chinese contemporary essays have experienced together with the Chinese nation from suffering to rebirth struggling with hardship,and have retrieved the rational critical spirit in Lu Xun's essays finally.Lu Xun is good at making good use of satire.The emotion in his essays is blazing and deep,and there are typical artistic images.Chinese present essays inherit all these merits.Lu Xun approves but does not excel in writing essays which give people happiness and rest,while Chinese contemporary essays do better in this aspect.Lu Xun's essays rectify the evil of the age,pay attention to the hard livelihood of people and insist on saying the truth.Chinese present essays walk along this road carefully and make steady progress.


In order to preliminarily study the possible harm of food preservatives on crop growth,the paper studied the influence of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at different concentrations,on the germination of wheat and the growth of seedling by using the soil culture method.The results indicated that the morphological indexes and physiological indexes of wheat had significant difference comparing with the control group.The two preservatives all had delayed the bud sprouting rate of the seeds,dwarfed the wheat seedlings,made the leaves can't normal stretch and lost green,decreased the Pro.content,and increased the MDA content of the seedlings.When the preservative concentration was equal 12 g/L,the germination rate and sprout potential of wheat reduced significantly,and the seedlings almost no longer grew.Comparing the two preservatives at same concentration,Potassium sorbate had stronger inhibition than Sodium benzoate on the seed germination,but on the seedlings,it was opposite.It was concluded that the two preservatives all had notable inhibition on the seed germination and the seedling growth of wheat at high concentration,which was equal or more than 4.0 g/L.


Bioretention system can effectively remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban surface runoff through adsorption. However, the accumulation of PAHs may have potential inhibitory effect on microbial growth and activity in the system, and thus influence the overall performance. In this study, laboratory-scale bioretention cells with three different filter media were constructed. Pyrene, a high-molecular-weight PAH with 4 benzene rings, was periodically introduced into the bioretention cells to evaluate its effect on purification of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and related microbial enzyme activities. The results showed that the removal capability of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was significantly influenced by pyrene contamination, which was difficult to recover at high pyrene level of 90 mg/kg. Increased effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration were observed in the bioretention cells with high pyrene content, while no significant change on effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentration was detected. The soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity decreased with the increase of pyrene level, which might contribute to the decreasing COD removal rate. The urease activities in the bioretention cells were obviously inhibited by the addition of pyrene, probably leading to the decreasing nitrogen removal capacity of the system. In summary, the bioretention cells containing coal ash and lava rock performed better and were more stable under pyrene contamination.


Parents experience stress that manifests itself as a negative reaction to the situation when the demands of being a parent exceed the expectations of oneself as a parent. Stress level in parents of children with disabilities is significantly higher than in standard families. Schema therapy is an effective psychological intervention for managing this stress. The paper reviews foreign and Russian publications on schema therapy for parents of children with special needs. The comparative analysis showed that schema-therapy approach might have higher efficacy in managing this type of stress than other popular psychotherapeutic approaches, e.g., CBT, MCT, PST, etc. These approaches often focus on teaching specific parenting skills or changing parents' behavior and attitude but leave behind their emotional well-being. Schema therapy develops effective parenting skills and behavioral practices while teaching emotion management strategies. A comprehensive schema therapy program may reduce stress in parents of children with disabilities.


As an area that is targeted to become a world heritage city, Kota Lama
has an interesting history related to the development of the City of Semarang, as
well as stories that grow with buildings with Dutch East Indies architecture in the
region[3]. Virtual Reality is a technology that can be used as means of
simulations. The environment in Virtual Reality is computer-generated and can be
explored interactively[5]. Users can interact with objects in the virtual world to
gain information or education. With the utilization of Virtual Reality technology,
the game entitled "Jelajah Kota Lama" is developed to educate user on Kawasan
Kota Lama. Filled with informative missions and puzzles, this game will present
an experience of exploring Kawasan Kota Lama via virtual study-tour. The result
of the test on 56 respondents shows that their decision to play this game stems
from factors such as ease of playing, social influence, facilitating conditions, and
the enjoyment they felt when playing the game.
Keywords:
Virtual Reality, Simulation, Virtual Study Tour, Kota Lama, Education


. The smallest integer v > 0 for which no skew-Hadamard matrix of order 4 v is known is v = 69. We show how to construct several such matrices.


This paper analyzes the drawbacks of present performance evaluation system of Chinese enterprise Temporary regulations of performance evaluation On the central state enterprise legal person.According to its drawbacks,based on the analysis of EVA achievement appraisal and EVA incentive theory,this paper describes the changes and improvements the EVA can bring to the present performance evaluation system.


Let F be either a number field or a field finitely generated of transcendence degree ≥ 1 over a Hilbertian field of characteristic 0, let F (t) be the rational function field in one variable over F , and let α ∈ Br(F (t)). It is known that there exist infinitely many a ∈ F such that the specialization t→ a induces a specialization α→ α ∈ Br(F ), where α has exponent equal to that of α. Now let K be a finite extension of F (t) and let β = resK/F (t)(α). We give sufficient conditions on α and K for there to exist infinitely many a ∈ F such that the specialization t → a has an extension to K inducing a specialization β → β ∈ Br(K), K the residue field of K, where β has exponent equal to that of β. We also give examples to show that, in general, such a ∈ F


On the basis of the concept of geospatial data quality, this paper introduces the dimensions of geospatial data quality for further understanding the components. The quality dimensions include spatial dimension, temporal dimension and thematic dimension. For each dimension, there are several quality components. A serials of geospatial data non-quantitative quality elements, quantitative quality elements and subelements are proposed as a reference of geospatial data quality components standardization for China. This paper discusses measures and evaluation methods for geospatial data quality and lists four types of geospatial data quality measures and gives a simple guide about how to select a suitable measure for a subelement. Through combining the weighted and aggregated quality evaluation method of ISO/TC211 and negative scores quality evaluation method based on quality effect in China, a kind of new quality evaluation method is introduced, and the operation procedures is illustrated.


In this article, I employ a critical reading of a social practice and tradition unique to American culture and schools: A large university's annual Homecoming Day Parade. Using my participant observations of the parade at Michigan State University, I employ critical cultural perspectives as well as critical curriculum perspectives as lenses through which to deconstruct the myths of school spirit and unity to explore the following questions: What are the tacit and hegemonic ideals embedded in this cultural expression? What is the hidden curriculum embedded in such cultural practices? Who is actually "included" in and by an event purporting to unite a community around a common purpose? Likewise, which constituents are ultimately "excluded" in this celebration? What does a critical reading of a university's homecoming day parade reveal about absence, inclusion, exclusion, gender objectification, and social-class inequities? What does a critical reading about this type of event reveal about anti/intellectualism? In this article, I challenge common assumptions which purport that homecoming day parades are innocuous displays of, and opportunities for, school spirit and collective belonging. Instead, my analyses support extant critical perspectives which maintain that such cultural events and social practices are laden with power, meaning, and the reification of both. In this, I discuss how there are tacit messages embedded in practices which ultimately serve to muffle diversity, promote conformity, and perpetuate antiquated gender roles and social class dominance.


To best understand the field and goals of outcomes research, it is important to appreciate the challenges that confront our healthcare system. Although considerable advances in patient care have been made over the last several decades, patients, physicians, and payers continue to struggle with rising costs and inefficiencies, poor application of evidence to clinical care, fragmentation, misaligned incentives, disparities, suboptimal patient safety, and lack of patient-centeredness. In its seminal 2001 report, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the Twenty-first Century , the Institute of Medicine concluded that the US healthcare system has fallen far short of its potential to deliver care in a safe, timely, equitable, efficient, evidence-based or patient-centered manner.1 They called for a complete redesign of the way in which we currently practice and deliver care. The field of outcomes research is ideally positioned to address most of these challenges.

Outcomes research focuses on what is ultimately achieved by our efforts in healthcare. It seeks not only to describe the "end-result of healthcare" (patient outcomes) and its determinants but also to develop solutions to improve the outcomes by aligning the needs of patients with the performance of physicians and the healthcare system with the use of available resources.2,3 The field of outcomes research ranges from everyday clinical decision making that affects individual physicians and patients to population science, health economics, and policy. As such, outcomes research lies at the interface of multiple scientific disciplines, including clinical epidemiology, biostatistics, qualitative research, behavioral science, organizational theory, ethics, decision analysis, health system economics, health policy, health informatics, and the sciences of quality improvement and implementation research. Understanding and integrating these multiple disciplines can accelerate the pace and application of insights into practice.

Therefore, to be a successful outcomes researcher, one should ultimately be contributing toward the …


Fusarium head blight infection of the wheat crop may lead to mycotoxin-contaminated cereal products. The use of resistant cultivars plays a key role in integrated control of this disease. Modern durum wheat cultivars are mostly highly susceptible to Fusarium head blight. In the wild relative Triticum dicoccoides, moderately Fusarium-resistant lines were identified. In this article published results on genetic analysis of Fusarium resistance using T. dicoccoides are reviewed and discussed together with our own recent findings.


The perception of a regular beat is fundamental to music processing. Here we examine whether the detection of a regular beat is pre-attentive for metrically simple, acoustically varying stimuli using the mismatch negativity (MMN), an ERP response elicited by violations of acoustic regularity irrespective of whether subjects are attending to the stimuli. Both musicians and non-musicians were presented with a varying rhythm with a clear accent structure in which occasionally a sound was omitted. We compared the MMN response to the omission of identical sounds in different metrical positions. Most importantly, we found that omissions in strong metrical positions, on the beat, elicited higher amplitude MMN responses than omissions in weak metrical positions, not on the beat. This suggests that the detection of a beat is preattentive when highly beat inducing stimuli are used. No effects of musical expertise were found. Our results suggest that for metrically simple rhythms with clear accents beat processing does not require attention or musical expertise. In addition, we discuss how the use of acoustically varying stimuli may influence ERP results when studying beat processing. Citation: Bouwer FL, Van Zuijen TL, Honing H (2014) Beat Processing Is Pre-Attentive for Metrically Simple Rhythms with Clear Accents: An ERP Study. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97467. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097467 Editor: Blake Johnson, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Australia Received November 28, 2013; Accepted April 20, 2014; Published May 28, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Bouwer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The research of FB and HH is supported by the Research Priority Area ''Brain & Cognition'' at the University of Amsterdam. HH is supported by the Hendrik Muller chair designated on behalf of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is considered to be a promising technique for Long Term Evolution (LTE) to increase spectral efficiency. One efficient approac h for ICIC is Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR). In this paper, we conside r a call admission control in SFR-based systems and derive the c all blocking and forced termination probabilities using a Markov chain analysis. In addition, SFR with spectrum handoff, cal led S-SFR, is proposed. Numerical results show that the analyti c derivations are valid, and the proposed scheme outperformsthe SFR scheme without spectrum handoff for the forced terminat ion probability. Keywordscall admission control; inter-cell interference; soft frequency reuse; Markov chain; spectrum handoff. I. I NTRODUCTION The Third Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE) system has focused on several interference management schemes for improving system performance. These schemes include an optimized frequency allocation policy based on semi-static radio resource management approaches, optimal power assignment and control schemes, an d smart antenna techniques to null interference from other ce lls [2]. In particular, a Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) sche me has been proposed for 3GPP-LTE systems as an inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) technique [3]. There are two major variants of FFR, which are static FFR and adaptive FFR. Static FFR includes pre-planned Frequenc y Reuse factor 1 (FR1) scheme, or FR3 scheme, or a combination of these schemes, such as Fractional Reuse Partitionin g (FRP). Further improvements can be achieved by dynamically adapting FFR with techniques such as Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR). In FRP and SFR, a cell is divided into two regions, namely thecell-center zoneand thecell-edge zone . The cellcenter usersarriving in the cell-center zone utilizes the entire frequency band, whereas the c ll-edge usersarriving in the cell-edge zone operate in a sub-band using an FR 3 scheme, as shown in figure 1. Thus, the effective overall frequency reuse factor is still close to ensuring a high spectral effici n y [4]. SFR differs from FRP as follows. Because the cell-cente r users share bandwidth with neighboring cells, they typical ly transmit at lower power levels than the cell-edge users in SF R, Cell 1


EditorVR (EVR) unlocks VR development in VR for Unity developers. The project is technically challenging for a variety of reasons:


Objective To investigate the knowledge of older outpatients toward the hazards of mercury due to thermometer damage.Methods A total of 69 older outpatients who had the experience of thermometer damage were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results All the involved older patients knew that mercury was harmful to health.But only 7% of them knew the body sites of mercury hazards;88% of them disposed the mercury directly into the general trash bin or cloacae;87% of them didn't receive the health education on the hazards and disposal of mercury.Conclusion The knowledge of older outpatients toward the hazards and disposal of mercury is poor.It is necessary for medical staff to provide relative education for the older outpatients to improve their knowledge about mercury and take measures to reduce the risk of exposure to mercury.


The present article intend to establish developments and advances in the use of psychodiagnostic tests in the Colombian forensic context. For this purpose an analysis of 113 of 140 psychodiagnostic tests, presented on the project belonging to the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and a bibliographical review on related subject were developed. The analysis of the psychodiagnostic tests was made through index cards made for each test and their subsequent categorization on a matrix according to criteria such as kind of test, authors, publication year. Time required for its application, existing adaptations, scientific validity and reliability, etc. results led to the conclusion that pointed out the need to include such kind of tests on the Colombian legal context, the need of scientific research supporting this kind of methodologies on forensic contexts, and the importance of concepts such as test validity, test reliability, tests normalization and their application in legal contexts.


Through film shooting analysis of top Chinese male fosbury flop's swinging leg supporting and swinging techniques during the last stride of approaching and the phase of take-off,we learned the kinematic changes of their moving track,speed,displacement of body's center of gravity in the phase.The result showed that the supporting and swinging techniques of the swinging leg have a great influence on the motion of the body center of gravity in that phase.


The chemistry of a range of O-donor ligands is described, with an emphasis on the various ligand coordination modes and different structural types of the complexes formed. Water as a ligand is discussed along with the related hydroxide and oxide species. The structure, preparation, and reactions of alkoxide and aryloxide complexes are described. Similar coverage is provided for the diketone ligands. The rich variety of coordination modes of oxoanions, carboxylates, and related ligands, is emphasized. Complexation and structural chemistry of macrocyclic O-donor ligands are discussed, particularly focusing on crown ether and calixarene metal complexes. The final section provides an overview of the chemistry of other commonly encountered η1 O-donor ligands.

Keywords:

alkoxide;
diketone;
oxoanion;
carboxylate;
crown ether;
calixarene


................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... v CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES ......................................................... vii NOMENCLATURE ................................................................................................... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... xii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER


I N DOING RESEARGH on problem solving, educational psychologists face serious difficulties in obtaining detailed information on student performance in solving problems; It may be possible to observe some educational activities unobtrusively, but it is very difficult to obtain detailed records of individual problem-solving behavior in this way. In order to obtain the data necessary to investigate cognitive performance, it is necessary to record student behavior in great detail, and this is not practical in a classroom. Therefore, the systematic investigation of problem-solving behavior has generally been restricted to the laboratory (e.g., NeweIl & Simon, 1972). The advent of computer-assisted instruction (CAl) makes it possible to circumven t some of these difficulties. When a student does problems at a computer terminal, it is relatively easy to obtain a complete profile of responses (as well as the time to each response) for any problem. Since the collection of these data is automated, and therefore invisible to the student, it is possible to record problem-solving behavior over a long period of time without disrupting the process being observed. In a semester of work in mathematics done at a computer terminal, it is relatively easy to 'obtain complete profiles of individual student solutions to hundreds of problems. This implies a further advantage of using CAl for research on problem solving. In a laboratory experiment or in classroom observation, the subjects are aware that their efforts are being observed. It has been shown that, under such conditions, subjects tend to modify their behavior to fit the expectations of the experimenter (Neisser, 1967). To the extent that data collection is truly invisible, this subtle source of possible bias in the data is also eliminated. The use of a CAl curriculum as a context for research on problem solving still presents serious difficulties however. In order to exploit its full


BACHMEYER, PAUL. Simulation-Based Design Strategies for Component Optimization in Steer-by-Wire Applications. (Under the direction of Dr. Gregory D. Buckner.) The objective of this thesis is to develop simulation-based design strategies for optimizing the selection of active, semi-active, and passive components for industrial steer-by-wire (SBW) applications. Experimental steering data is collected from an instrumented Honda Accord (1987 model) and used to validate a lateral vehicle model. This model is used to investigate the tactile feedback performance of various SBW configurations at specific driving conditions. Although peak performance is obtained with fully active components (direct-drive electric motors), comparable performance can be obtained using a combination of passive springs, semi-active dampers, and active motors with a 16.3% reduction in cost and an 87.7% reduction in electrical energy required. Simulation-Based Design Strategies for Component Optimization in Steer-by-Wire Applications by Paul Joseph Bachmeyer A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Mechanical Engineering Raleigh, North Carolina 2008


Article highlights the problem of social work with social risk families and discusses more effective ways to help those families. Enhancement of informal social network is offered as one of the possibilities. The research results reveal the aspects of social network of social risk families and the support it provides. These data may become the landmarks for social workers in choosing help methods and organizing work process. KEY WORDS: social risk family, social support, social network, social work.


Many bacteria produce hydrogen as a by-product of metabolism. Hydrogen produced in a biofilm adhering to a metal surface can absorb into the metal. In this study, hydrogen production and absorption were characterized through the use of pure cultures of bacteria and permeation measurements through a palladium foil. Test results indicate a clear correlation between the growth cycle of the bacteria and the permeation of hydrogen; differences between reactions of bacteria and reducing agents incorporated in nutrient solutions are also apparent. The implications of these data are discussed.


– This paper examines the implications of parapsychological counseling in psychiatric practice. The author reviews the major clinical and historical issues of the relationship between the occurrence of paranormal phenomena and psychiatric practice, and he emphasizes the existence of an important link between these two fields of inquiry and the relevance in an individual's life of the occurrence of psi phenomena––deeply personal experiences. He also analyses the variables that seem to influence both psi phenomena and mental illness; he mainly examines the psychological need of patients, who, without being suffering from any mental illness, may feel the necessity of a psychiatric consultation concerning presumed psi events that seem incomprehensible to them. Using the description of a clinical case that occurred in a general hospital psychiatric division, the author demonstrates some psychological variables in the behavior of subjects who experience paranormal phenomena, their feelings and their psychological and psychopathological reactions. Based on his clinical experience, he also suggests a possible therapeutic strategy. Several psychiatric and clinical-psychological consequences of individual psi experiences are pointed out and contrasted with some consequences of common psychiatric practice with regard to the common clinical evaluation of subjects experiencing paranormal phenomena. He argues that individuals might demand different degrees of clinical help for accepting their beliefs and feelings about psi. Therefore, the development of a clinical parapsychological perspective that may be fully integrated into the field of psychiatry is as important as it is overdue.


Objective: Assessment of anticancer activity of the plant cell suspension cultures of Ocimum sanctum by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay against A549 (human lung cancer cell line). Materials and Methods: In vitro anticancer activity of ethanol, acetone, and aqueous leaf extracts of O. sanctum was evaluated on A549 cancerous cell line by MTT assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. MTT assay is based on the capacity of mitochondrial enzymes of viable cells to reduce the yellow soluble salt MTT to purple-blue insoluble formazan precipitate which is then quantified spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. Trypan blue assay is based on staining of cells. Cells are then counted using hemocytometer under the microscope, non-viable cells were stained blue and viable cells remain unstained. Results: The aqueous leaf extract of O. sanctum has not shown any anticancer activity. However, potent anticancer activity was shown by the acetone and ethanol leaf extracts of O. sanctum on A549 (human lung cancer cell line). Conclusions: The medicinal plant, i.e., O. sanctum was studied by in vitro evaluation methods, i.e., MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion assay. The acetone and ethanol leaf extract of O. sanctum have shown potent anticancer activity on A549 cancerous cell line.


Summary form only given. The supply of electrical energy to loads in industrial plants has some undesirable repercussions on the supply network. Depending upon the type of load and its mode of operation, the reactions are usually a reduction in the power factor, system voltage fluctuations, voltage flicker, unbalanced loading of the three phases and harmonic currents, which in turn affect negatively the electric power quality. The subject of this paper is to study and analyze the main reasons for such undesirable reactions and to find the compensation system required for each reaction to reduce its effect to an acceptable level, such as either switched capacitor banks or high response thyristor controlled reactors. To improve the electric power quality, these systems may be augmented by adding filters for eliminating discrete harmonics or harmonic bands.


Appearing every two years and keeping its material current by monthly supplements, this book is a listing of most of the pharmaceuticals available in the American market. Of the products available nationally—or at least over a large section of the country—it quite likely lists virtually all of them. There is another book, Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) with which it may be compared. In the Modern Drug Encyclopedia (MDE) the listings are free to the pharmaceutical manufacturer, and he supplies the text according to a given pattern; in the PDR , the listings are paid for by the manufacturer on the basis of space used. Therefore the MDE is sold by its publisher —as any other published book—while the PDR is sent free to physicians, the cost of which is covered by the pharmaceutical manufacturer who pays for the listing. It could well be assumed that the listing in the MDE


Using the material of the modern German language, this article provides an overview of the functional-semantic classification of linguistic deintensification means that are part of the functional-semantic category of intensity.


ABSTRACTThe effect of propylene (Pr), styrene (St), hexene-1 (He) and cyclopentadiene (Cp) employed in the preactivation of TiCl3 catalyst for propylene polymerization was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized by reduction of TiCl4 in toluene solution with AlEt3. DBE (di-n-butyl ether) complex. Catalyst activity and stereospecificity, soluble polymer content in the polymerization diluent were evaluated. The results show that the prepolymerization altered the catalyst performance and is influenced by the type of monomer employed in the preactivation step.


In a 0.06 mol·L~(-1) H_2SO_4 medium,a complex was formed between Sb(Ⅲ) and pyrogallic acid,giving a sensitive derivative polarographic wave with its peak potential at-0.4 V(vs.SCE).The sensitivity of this polarographic reaction was remarakably increased in the presence of microamounts of selenium(Ⅳ). Linear relationship between peak current and Sb concentration was ranged in 0.03-1.2 mg·L~(-1).Detetion limit of the method was found to be 0.004 mg·L~(-1).The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace antimony in zinc electrolyte giving RSD′s in the range of 1.8%-2.2% and recoveries in the range of 95.0%-(105.0%.)


This study uses the modified Angstrom model based on the available sunshine hours for the estimation of monthly average global as well as the diffuse solar radiation in Yola (longitude 10OE; latitude 9.23ON). An Empirical model was developed using a Seven years (7) years available sunshine hours recorded at the recently installed NECOP station in MAUTECH, Yola. The monthly mean daily values were used to assess the applicability of solar radiation data in the area. The clearness index, K T values indicate a clear sky between the months of February to July as well as October to November. The regression constants "a" and "b" are 0.54 and 0.23 respectively. Solar energy can be utilized throughout the year in Yola with the exception of monsoon months of August and September which is characterized with heavy rains and cloud cover. The recorded values of the RMSE, MBE and MPE were 0.030, -5.388 and 9.9 % respectively.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate and analyse the clinical characteristics and therapies in breast cancer patients over 65 years of age.METHODS:From 2000 to 2010,219 over 65 years old female breast cancer patients were treated and the data were retrospectively reviewed.We analysed their clinical charaeteristies,pathology,therapies and survival rate.RESULTS:The anverage age of these 219 patients was 70.9.The lesions located on left side was 112,right side is 104;The double side was 3.The average long diameter was 3.28 cm,Tis,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 2(1.1%),25(13.3%),82(43.6%),32(17.0%),13(6.9%).Eighty-four patients(38.4%) had complications.The cumulatives-3-year,cumulatives-5-year,cumulatives-10-year overall survival were 93.7%,59.3%,58.1% respectively.The main pathological type was infiltrating duct carcinoma,with high hormone receptor positive expression.Through COX multiplicity,the age and pathological stage were independent factor of affecting the prognosis.CONCLUSIONS:Female breast cancer patients over 65 years of age exhibited distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics,and had a good prognosis.By improving body condition before surgery,most of elderly patients can tolerance the surgery well.Surgery and endocrine therapy are important to achieve good clinical outcome.


Strategic alliance research has shown that national cultural similarity between partner firms has a positive influence on cross-border alliance formation and performance. Yet, cultural similarity can also give rise to in-group favoritism that leads partner firms of similar cultural backgrounds to establish strategic alliances for defending their shared identities, which can result in suboptimal alliance decisions. To investigate the existence of in-group favoritism associated with cultural similarity, we examine the influence of cross-regional religious and ethnic similarity in the U.S. on domestic strategic alliance formation and alliance announcement returns. We find that dyadic religious similarity and ethnic similarity between U.S. states positively affect the volume of interstate alliance activities, but religious similarity and ethnic similarity are negatively associated with combined alliance announcement returns of partner firms. These findings suggest that cross-regional religious and ethnic similarity facilitates interstate alliance activities between U.S. states, but investors seem to interpret alliance decisions that can be potentially driven by in-group favoritism negatively.


For a manifold M we define a structure on the group action of Diff(M) on the smooth functions on M which reduces to the usual differential geometry upon differentiation at zero along the one-parameter groups of Diff(M). This ``integrated differential geometry'' generalises to all group actions on associative algebras, including noncommutative ones, and defines an ``integrated de Rham cohomology,'' which provides a new set of invariants for group actions. We calculate the first few integrated de Rham cohomologies for two examples;- a discrete group action on a commutative algebra, and a continuous Lie group action on a noncommutative matrix algebra.