The roles minibuses can play in a deregulated environment, and conditions under which they can cover their costs are outlined. Recently, the number of minibuses operating in Britain on local bus services has increased rapidly. This increase accelerated whilst the proposals for bus deregulation passed through Parliament, although their deployment probably would have increased in any case, though possibly at a reduced rate. This paper looks at minibus application in this context. Minibuses may play a variety of roles and these are explored in terms of operational strategies which may be pursued. The range of application is affected by cost structures, and these are considered, drawing on a review of urban minibus services which the authors undertook in 1986. New minibus vehicles are coming onto the market, and the capacity, design problems, and capital, fuel and maintenance costs are considered. However, changes in labour costs have been key to the expansion of minibus services. It is shown that to provide similar capacity to conventional services at a higher frequency, a service elasticity of about +0.4 is typically required, in order that break-even operation is maintained. Theoretical results are related to actual outturns where known. From survey work, we discuss the passenger response to the vehicles and services. Finally, the constraints and possibilities of minibus operation in the deregulated context are considered in relation to recent events.(a) for the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 816216.


Thin iron crystals having the (001) plane parallel to their surfaces are prepared from zone melted iron, and 90° magnetic domain walls and black-white images appearing at the junctions of {110} 90° walls are examined by transmission X-ray topography. The topographs are taken with various reflections. The displacement of lattice points in the neighbourhood of a {110} 90° wall is in the planes parallel to the wall plane. Black-white images are formed by axially symmetrical strain fields around the junctions of {110} 90° walls. Long straight images lying in the <100> directions in the crystal surfaces and short images in rows in the <100> directions are found. These images are due to the strain fields around the junctions, having the <100> directions, in the interior of the crystals. The strain fields giving rise to the black-white images are discussed in terms of the dynamical theory of diffraction contrast in deformed crystals.


Scavenging air Box catches fire easily.This paper is mainly about a case of scavenging air box firing in M.E.based on the cause and the procedure of trouble-shooting The author implies the phenomenon and the cause and lists some precautions against the fire in the.scavenging air Box.


Environmental competencies are defined as a set of skills, knowledge, attitudes, and values that individuals put into play in different contexts and that are achieved through Environmental Education. These are divided into environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The aim of the research is to evaluate environmental skills of students and professors at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN) of Ecuador through a mixed, qualitative, and quantitative approach, for which the questionnaire proposed by Álvarez García (2015; 2017) was adapted and applied. The combination of both approaches and the descriptive statistical analysis made it possible to propose management strategies that allow increasing environmental competencies for the specific context. It was determined that the methodological competencies and that the issues with the least evaluation are those of attitude and collective behavior, provoking the reflection that individual and small actions count in aspects of environmental sustainability, but coordinated solutions are also required at all levels.
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Recently, mobile crowd sensing (MCS) has been widely used in smart cities with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and autonomous cars. To ensure long-term, long-distance sensing tasks of UAVs, mobile unmanned charging stations, called "Carriers", are scheduled to reach preset charging locations in a city to provide charging services. However, existing methods not only have difficulty in serving a large number of UAVs, but also face a big challenge of potential security vulnerabilities in the charging transactions. To address the above issues, this paper explores the blockchain technology to design an auction-based framework for scheduling charging services for UAVs while improving the security of charging transactions. In particular, considering the revenues of Carriers and the utilities of UAVs, we develop a new auction mechanism based on the emerging deep reinforcement learning technique to improve the auction performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can enhance charging transactions' security and optimize the system performance.


Performance of different CaO-based materials for full decarbonisation of gas streams in an entrained flow reactor as part of the calcium-looping process.


【Objective】To clarify the influence of boron(B) treatments on utilization ability of B in Newhall navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck 'Newhall')grafted on citrange [C.sinensis(L.) Osb.× Poncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf.] or trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.] at cellular level.【Method】Nutrient solution culture method was used in this study.The difference of leaf B forms between the two rootstocks was analyzed according to the concentration of B forms and their relative relationship.【Result】The results showed that the free B concentration of citrange was relatively lower and the sime-bound B concentration was relatively higher in the treatments of B deficiency(B0,B 0 mg·L-1),normal B(B05,B 0.5 mg·L-1) and high B(B50,B 5.0 mg·L-1),on the contrary,in trifoliate orange.R value of citrange was 2.31,1.23,and 1.06 in the treatments of B0,B05,B50,respectively,which was much higher than that(1.80,0.57,0.82) of trifoliate orange in the same treatment.The free B and semi-bound B concentrations of citrange(16.39,17.38 mg·kg-1) were more higher than that of trifoliate orange(8.60 and 7.02 mg·kg-1) in the treatment of B50.Under the conditions of normal or high B,the bound B concentration of citrange was 7.34 and 7.43 mg·kg-1,respectively,there was no significant difference,while the bound B concentration of trifoliate orange was the highest(9.20 mg·kg-1) under the condition of high boron.【Conclusion】B transmembrane transport was easier in citrange-grafted plants compared to that in trifoliate orange,so B utilization ability of Newhall navel orange grafted on citrange was higher.Furthermore,B could fully bind the cell wall in citrange-grafted plants at relatively low B supply.


First, there is the wall. When Neville Lister, narrator and protagonist in Ivan Vladislavić's novel Double Negative, rather late in his career is received as a "serious" photographer, it is thanks to images of Johannesburg homeowners standing outside their walls. As is well known, the visible in the contemporary sprawl of Johannesburg consists typically of walls. Walls and security fencing, concealing the interior, hiding the life of the city from view. But that is as far Neville will go. "Weren't you curious to go inside," the journalist Janie asks him when looking at a portrait of a Mrs Magwaza. "Not at all," he answers, "Just thinking about the interior makes me squirm." Double Negative is one-half of TJ/Double Negative, a collaboration between Vladislavić and the South African photographer David Goldblatt which appeared as a joint publication in 2010. TJ, a title culled from the old license plate code for "Transvaal Johannesburg," is a retrospective of Goldblatt's Johannesburg photographs from 1948 to 2010 (1948 being, of course, the official starting point of apartheid). When selecting these images, Goldblatt met with Vladislavić who wrote Double Negative as a response to the photographs. The time span of Vladislavić's novel isn't quite so wide as in Goldblatt's retrospective, but it also stretches out diachronically with its three parts set in different periods: the early 1980s, the early 1990s, and 2009. Both artists have firm reputations as portrayers of Johannesburg, which make their collaboration all the more intriguing. Goldblatt, who received the Hasselblad prize in 2006, has accumulated a vast body of work over more than six decades, the bulk of it devoted to Johannesburg. Vladislavić's work is extremely varied, but here, too, Johannesburg is the center of thematic gravity, particularly in The Restless Supermarket (2001), The Exploded View (2004), and Portrait with Keys (2006).


In less than two decades cholecystography has been developed and has become an almost routine procedure for the study of suspected gallbladder disease. The accuracy of the procedure in determining the presence of a diseased gallbladder is about 95 per cent. This high percentage of accuracy adds emphasis to the clinical significance of such a study as well as the need for further refinement in technic. Since the original publication of Graham and Cole (3) describing a method of x-ray demonstration of the gallbladder by the intravenous injection of tetrabromphenolphthalein, roentgenologists, clinicians, physiologists, and chemists have worked to improve this method, using various chemicals and technics. Tetraiodophenolphthalein was discarded by Graham and Cole (4,5) in their original experiments because of its apparent toxicity. Further study proved these untoward reactions were due to impurities and could in great measure be eliminated by purification. In less than one year's time after the original public...


The male and female exuviae of the 2 spp. are described and illustrated from Zhuhai (Guangdong) and some notes on larval ecology and behaviour are provided. Larval morphology of the Guangdong A. immaculifrons is compared to that of the larvae from the westernmost known population of this sp., i.e. from the island of Karpathos, Greece.


A percept of global, coherent motion results when many different localized motion vectors are combined. We studied the percept with dynamic random dot kinematograms in which each element took an independent, random walk of constant step size. Directions of displacement from frame to frame were chosen from a uniform distribution. The tendency to see coherent, global flow along the mean of the uniform distribution varied with the range of the distribution.Psychometric functions were obtained with kinematograms having various step sizes (0.1 to 1.4 degrees) and element densities (0.2 to 1.6 dots per square degree). Results fall into two categories, depending on whether the step size is larger or smaller than 1.0 degree. For step sizes greater than 1.0 degree changes in dot density altered the psychometric function. No change was found if the step size was less than one degree. These changes in the psychometric function with step size and density are consistent with Ullman's "minimal map theory" of motion correspondence.For the smaller step sizes, the constancy of the results over a large range of dot densities suggests that spurious directions of displacement due to the interference of random walks for different dots are not important. That is, only the directions of local motion determined by the predefined distribution of directions significantly contribute to the percept. We also found that although temporal summation occurred in a nonlinear manner over frames, it depended only on the set of directions present from frame to frame, not on the spatial relationships between local motion vectors over time. Taken together, these two results suggest that directions of the individual steps are independently detected and that these responses are pooled over time and space to generate the perception of coherent motion.


centrations of benzene in the inhalations and exhalations (Fig 3), some 55-60% of the inhaled benzene being absorbed. A steady state of metabolism to phenol did not occur in two hours, and required in this subject 21-3 hours (Figs 4, 5). The rates of excretion of urinary phenol expressed as mg/man/day for a continuing exposure to benzene vapour at a concentration of 100 mg/m3 approximate to 100 mg/man/day, a value of the order of that calculated for industrial exposures of this intensity (Docter & Zielhuis 1967). In detecting exposures to the solvent benzene and estimating their intensity, the necessity for determinations made on man is obvious. The presence of benzene in expired air after exposure has ceased is definite evidence of exposure, but as yet the present studies are not able to relate the results of post-exposure analyses of expired air at known times after work with the concentrations of benzene respired at the workplace. More deliberate exposures to defined concentrations are needed. However, in determining the rates of excretion of urinary phenol for defined exposures to benzene vapour, exposures of four hours or more are essential, owing to the time required to reach a steady state of metabolism. The early detection of absorption of toxic materials like solvents can be made by the analyses of tissues and body fluids for the presence of the materials or their metabolites. Where the toxic materials are absorbed in vapour form and excreted in vapour form, the analyses of postexposure samples of expired air involve no difficult procedures for the workmen to undergo, give proof of exposures and may help in defining


The focus of the analysis lies on the deconstruction of media messages in mass media discourse. The justification of approaches to promote the strategic media framing explains the implementation potential of media texts through linguo-cognitive, genre and contextual analysis. In order to identify patterns of media and attributive agenda the mechanisms of media framing are actively involved in the construction of a media text, while the establishment of a media frame is ment as a reflection of the reality in the minds of the recipient audience. The construction of media frames is also associated with cognitive-evaluative and affective coordinates in the reception and interpretation of events, situations, scenarios, value relations, etc. The theoretical significance of the studied issues lies in the essential understanding of the media framing and its socio-political and economic features, as well as its role in the agenda setting based on the reflection of modern media texts in the Russian quality press (Nezavisimaya Gazeta). Appealing to the theory of attributive agenda setting, this allows to get close to a comprehensive idea of the editorial and publication policy. The attributive agendas in diverse media resources are not coincided by thematic stories that can be quite indicative by understanding the fact, how particular media resource is loyal to the authorities, how it reflects the specifics of the editorial policy and its thematic specialization. So the formation of attributive agendas is a higher level of interpretation of reality that arises in the common media agenda (agenda setting). In general, the intentional structuring of information and the reception of the reality, as well as the study of interaction mechanisms as a behavioral matrix, fit well into the modern media practice of communicative actions of individual actors and social groups


This study investigated the themes of self-esteem memories in female adults. Self-esteem memories mean memories that are focused on evaluations of the self and the themes of them are classified as achievement or social relationship. Eighteen young adults(M=21.56), fifteen middle aged adults(M=54.13), and twenty older adults(M=74.35), totally fifty three female adults participated. They recalled 4 positive and 4 negative self-esteem memories respectively. The results showed that memories of positive and negative self-worth frequently focused on relationship themes, and this tendency was significant in positive memory of young adults and negative memory of middle aged adults. This suggests that social relationship is a dominant cultural value in Korea. Links between interpersonal relationship and positive/negative self-esteem memories are explained by culture, gender and developmental tasks. Further researches about the differences by sex and life scripts in the content of self-esteem memories are needed.


Objectives : The object of this paper is to seek and provide evidences for the possibilities of substitutional use of Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix for Moschus as an ingredient of Gongjin-dan by clarifying the similarities and differences among these herbs in the classic literatures. Methods : We have found out the features of Moschus, Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix by searching Qi, Flavor and Effect of each herb in 『 Shennongbencaojing 』 , 『 Zhengleibencao 』 , 『 Bencaogangmu 』 , 『 Dongeuibogam


We explored the perspectives of clinicians (nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians) and social services personnel (i.e., case coordinators, social workers) on the needs of older adults living with HIV and who receive healthcare at a major metropolitan hospital. We utilized a small qualitative study (n=10) as a means of developing an understanding of the perspectives shared within the framework of inter-professional collaboration for purposes of quality care for older adult patients with HIV. Five themes emerged from our qualitative research study. The first theme involves the idea of access to healthcare while the second theme suggests that older adults with HIV experience psychological issues. Third, older adults with HIV demonstrate high levels of adherence to medication regimens. Next, HIV is no longer viewed as a 'death sentence'. Finally, education across disciplines and professions is necessary.


The convoluted course of China's economy over the past decades has already shown that an excessive proportion of state ownership of the means of proportion violates objective economic regulations and hinders the development of the forces of production. Hence, a reduction in the proportion of state ownership could not be avoided, which was effected via two means, one spontaneous and one conscious. The latter involved taking the initiative in changing the ownership system. Take industry, for example. Next to the state-owned enterprises and their sluggish development and low returns have emerged managerially versatile, highly efficient, and increasingly vigorous non–state-owned enterprises. This has quietly changed the proportions between the two (see Table 3 [omitted]). Also, calculations of the results of the Second National Survey of Industry show that in industry's assets as a whole, the state-owned economy's sector decreased from 74.6 percent to 37.1 percent between 1985 and 1999 and the collective economy's from 24.6 percent to 19.7 percent, whereas the privately owned economy's sector increased from 0.8 percent to 42.3 percent. Among the entire number of people engaged in industry, those in the state-owned economy sector fell from 41.1


Laboratory coursework is widely considered to be an integral part of chemistry undergraduate degree programs, although its impact on students' chemistry knowledge is largely unsubstantiated. Laboratory experiences provide opportunities to learn skills beyond chemistry content knowledge, such as how to use scientific instrumentation appropriately, how to gather and analyze data, and how to work in a team. The acquisition of process skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, and communication, is an integral part of becoming a scientist and participating in the scientific community. As apprentice scientists, chemistry students interact with each other in a context-rich environment where the need for process skills can arise organically. This study seeks to understand the role of laboratory courses in developing process skills. Students in a first-year chemistry laboratory course used rubrics to assess their own process skills. During the course, the students also received feedback via rubrics from a teaching assistant trained in rubric use. Additionally, students reported their understanding of process skills and their perceived improvements over the course of the semester. Our results suggest that students understand group dynamics process skills such as teamwork and communication better than they understand cognitive process skills such as critical thinking and information processing. While the evidence further suggests that students improved their process skills, and students reported that they improved their process skills, they showed inconsistent abilities to self-assess and provide justification for their assessment using rubrics.


Renewable energy deployment costs comprise both internal generation costs and external location-related infrastructure, environmental and social costs. To minimise generation costs, competitive connection contract auctions are becoming increasingly common. Should external costs have considerable influence on site selection outside of the auction process, optimal bidding strategies may be affected by the resulting re-ranking of winning bids. This paper elicits the impact this may have on optimal bidding behaviour. Specifically, we address the impact internalisation of external costs may have on bidding strategy. With deterministic generation costs, optimal bidding strategies include a markup. The optimal markup is lower if external costs are internalised into the investment decision. If investors have the ability to appropriate rents, due to market dominance or asymmetric information, non-internalised external costs lower markup. Generation cost uncertainty may result in below-cost bidding. This is less likely when externalities are not internalised. For markets where bids are competitively priced, this paper provides evidence to suggest that methods to minimise externalities associated with renewables deployment should be integrated with competitive pay-as-bid auctions.


The EPD distribution is investigated in silicon-doped LEC-grown gallium arsenide crystals, 30 ÷ 40 mm in mainbody diameter and weighing within 300 ÷ 500 grams. The silicon-doping-dependent hardening effect, previously observed in S-doped and Bridgman grown silicon-doped gallium arsenide is here confirmed. The EPD decreasing with silicon-doping increase is observed to be less pronounced than in the case of S-doped and Bridgman grown silicon-doped samples and possible reasons for this different behaviour are discussed. In any case, a large microprecipitate density together with the EPD reduction appears as a clustering of shallow-pits around dislocation pits.


A self-programmed text for biostatistics: the use of statistics in health care. Its emphasis is on the description and interpretation of commonly used methods. This pocket-sized edition has been updated for accuracy.


This paper suggests sometimes pool estimators for the measure of dispersion in the inverse Gaussian distribution and their properties are studied in terms of the relative bias and relative efficiency under two different loss functions. Keywords: Sometimes pool estimator; Level of significance; Relative bias; Relative efficiency; Effective interval. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2809 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 77-86 (2010)


Abstract : This study offers a comprehensive set of approaches for procurement officials to structure public investment decisions. Designed to improve acquisition outcomes, the "Economic Evaluation of Alternatives" (EEoA) addresses a significant weakness in most contemporary military applications of the current methodology - the Analysis of Alternatives (AoAs). While AoAs correctly focus on lifecycle costs and the operational effectiveness of alternatives, "affordability" is an after-thought?at best only implicitly addressed as a weight placed on cost in the final stages of the analysis. In sharp contrast, the EEoA encourages senior analysts and decision-makers to include affordability explicitly and up-front in structuring an AoA. This requires working with vendors to build alternatives based on a reasonable spectrum of possible funding (budget or affordability) scenarios. A key difference between traditional AoAs and the EEoA approach is that instead of modeling competing vendors as points in cost-effectiveness space, the EEoA solicits vendor proposals as functions of optimistic, pessimistic, and most-likely funding (budget) scenarios. The Decision Map offered in the concluding section of this study provides a comprehensive guide to EEoA for practitioners. This study also illustrates how, by embedding affordability directly into an AoA, the EEoA approach provides a unique opportunity for senior leadership to achieve a significant defense acquisition reform - to integrate Requirements Generation and Defense Acquisition with the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), reducing future costs and improving performance and schedules.


This thesis is a qualitative study that describes the perceptions that mothers have about the consequences that their divorce can generate in the behavior of their adolescent children. This research has a descriptive scope and that it deals with specifications, properties and traits of the previously described phenomenon. Marital rupture is an event that causes pain not only for the parents but also can have negative repercussions for the children; When they are adolescents they are more vulnerable because they are in a more difficult stage and that they undergo diverse physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, social and cognitive changes and therefore the divorce represent an additional change in their lifestyle. This research will collect the information through semi-structured interviews. It is fundamental to know the perception of the mothers since, according to the statistics of Ecuador before a divorce, they are the only ones that remain with the custody of their children, and therefore they are one of the main sources of information.


Lifestyle is never far from public health thoughts, but spring is a good time to examine how we are faring on challenges like obesity, inappropriate diet, smoking and the increasing influence of the Internet. Behaviour change includes altering a selfselected unhealthy lifestyle, yet the selection may be deeply ingrained from infancy and then continued in adult life. Campaigns to reduce smoking may not engage sufficient young parents, given that the highest prevalence of smoking is in those aged between 20 and 34 years, cited by Denman et al.,1 who also present an interesting argument for an integrated policy on smoking and environmental radon levels. Volunteer workers, for example health champions, may help to engage parents and other individuals on needed change: but the motivation and expectations of volunteers need to be appreciated if they are to be effective. Warren and Garthwaite,2 in their survey of volunteers in north east England, identified more specific training and fostering positive relationships with paid staff as important, along with an emphasis on transferable skills for paid work elsewhere.In theory, all lifestyle choices are modifiable, but in addition to the profound influence of early parenting and environment, our era is one of unprecedented rapid social change around the globe. Change presents new choices, such as the impact of modernisation described by Witter et al.3 in a review of health data in Fiji. Non-communicable disease is rising in Fijians, with cardiovascular disease the leading cause of death, linked to increasing alcohol intake, poor dietary choices, smoking and less physical exercise. Obesity levels have doubled over the past decade: there is no vernacular term for obesity in the Fijian language, with being larger traditionally associated with good health. But Witter et al. point to westernisation of the diet as the main culprit. The study included assessing the changing lifestyles in rural, urban and ethnically distinct communities, with the action needed on government and local policy to increase health awareness. Apart from the cultural preferences, there are conflicts to be tackled, for example, alcohol revenues versus advice to drink less: it is not only Fiji that has a struggle with that. Fast food replacing traditional, healthier food is also a common lifestyle change, but Hye-Jin Sun4 reports that in Korea, the love of salty food has led to a sodium intake at twice the World Health Organization recommended level. Concern about high levels of hypertension and other disorders prompted an impressive variety of campaigns, including a 'no-soup day' on the third Wednesday of every month. Meanwhile, there is progress, for example with a survey reporting that the salt content measured in bowls of soup has lowered by over one-third. …


Binet Kamat Test of Intelligence (BKT) is one of the widely used test in India since several decades, especially in clinical settings. Compared to other popular and comprehensive IQ tests, such as Wechsler's tests, BKT is simple to administer, score and interpret; economical in terms of cost; and still a valid measure of intelligence despite the test was standardized several decades ago. These are the few of the reasons due to which many clinical psychologists use BKT in their routine institutional-hospital setting. However, using BKT without understanding some of the key issues can result in arriving at erroneous IQ and/or wrong conclusion about the intelligence of the subject. Some of the issues and concerns that are relevant and needs consideration in using BKT are: ratio IQ, Flynn effect, higher standard deviation, profile analysis and so on. The current article tries have an in-depth look at the issues and concerns regarding administration, scoring and interpretation, as well as tries to provide possible solution. The detailed explanations along with simple to understand figures, tables, examples and analogies used in the article can potentially benefit thousands of postgraduate psychology students and professionals who use BKT in theory and their practice.


AmericasMart Atlanta Apparel, Oct 13-17, 2011 featuring R U S H - a contemporary line of fashion jewelry by Denis & Charles.


The author emphasizes that, although the energy crisis has demonstrated the need for greatly increased coal production, the coal industry's efforts to meet new demand challenges must be supported by a national commitment to coal development, enforced by favorable government energy policies. For a climate of growth, the industry requires not only internal strengthening-labor stability, financial incentives and long-term market assurances-but also relief from restrictive environmental legislation effecting both the production and utilization of vitally needed coal.


At least some populations of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) comprise individuals that vary greatly in the degree to which their reproduction can be controlled by day length. Some individuals respond to the short days of winter with complete gonadal inhibition, others are insensitive to this cue and thus have the capacity to reproduce opportunistically during the winter, and still others are intermediate in their responsiveness. The relative costs and benefits associated with some of the nonreproductive dimensions of these different strategies are explored. The two extreme phenotypes, reproductively photoresponsive and unresponsive individuals, were exposed in the laboratory to winter versus summer conditions, as defined by photoperiod, temperature, and quality of diet. This was done in cages that required the voles to leave their nests and subject themselves to ambient conditions in order to feed. The winter condition exerted a potent influence on body mass, body fat, food intake, nest building, p...


This study was performed to analyze the cooling effect of heated ribs which are frequently used for cooling of electronic parts, using the numerical method. To prevent the excessive pressure drop due to turbulence promoters for the enhancement of heat transfer rate especially, the effect of the angle of turbulence promoter was investigated by the numerical analysis. Heat transfer rate with turbulence promoters with rectangular cross-section increased by 13% in average, but the coefficient of pressure drop increased by 1.68 times than that without them. In the present study, triangular cross-sectional shape turbulence promoters were suggested and numerically tested. Pressure drop of turbulence promoter with the 30 degree triangular cross-sectional shape decreased by 30% from that of rectangular cross-section promoters while heat transfer rate was almost the same. While with 4 turbulence promoters, the heat transfer rate increased by 21%, the pressure drop increased 4 times. It means that the higher capacity of cooling fan should be needed. With the triangular cross-sectional shape, the size of vortex region at the rear of promoters became considerably smaller, so pressure drop became smaller. The effect of the change of cross-sectional shape was not found in the flow pattern near the ribs, so that heat transfer characteristics in the ribs were not changed.


This paper tests for long run neutrality (LRN) of money with respect to real expenditures in the U.S. over the 1947-2004 period. Real consumption and investment expenditures, as well as their broadly defined components, are examined. We also test for the effects of money on long run reallocations of GDP among durables, nondurables, and services. The time series characteristics of each variable are rigorously investigated. This is followed by application of the LRN test, introduced by Fisher and Seater (1993), to each real expenditures series. Although rejections of LRN occur in a number of studies, our results support long run neutrality of money with respect to real expenditures regardless of the level of data aggregation.


The teachers' beliefs among foreign language teachers in Chinese universities are classified by means of questionnaires and interviews in this paper,and its relationship with teaching practice has been analyzed as well. The results indicate: 1) The teachers' beliefs among foreign language teachers in Chinese universities can be divided into five types,which vary significantly in their strength,and these five types of teachers' beliefs could be put in such an order as,teachers' role,foreign language teaching and assessment,course design,foreign language learning,and the approach to language. 2) It is very difficult for most beliefs of foreign language teaching and assessment to be put into teaching practice,and it is extremely difficult for Chinese teachers to fulfill the belief that "a teacher should not assess all the students with the same criteria".


Experimentally obtained and analyzed fine structure of statistical distributions for two physically independent processes: alpha-decay rate fluctuations of Pu-239 sample in Pushchino (Moscow region, Russia) and equilibrium voltage fluctuations (Johnson noise) from metal-film resistor in Tbilisi (Georgia). Special investigation of histograms shape similarity in these processes demonstrated majority of previously studied effects, called - macroscopic fluctuations. Offered qualitative model of the observed effects.


The forgery of works of art, particularly pictures, is a serious evil that besets the art business world, quite apart from its depressive effect generally. The phenomenon is not new, but never before has it been more prejudicial, perhaps because contemporary painting is far easier to imitate than that of the past, and because of the increasing flow of money into the art markets. These two elements encourage the temptation to forgery, whilst the demand for pictures would possibly be even greater were it not for this nightmare that haunts likely purchasers. How can the world's art markets be restored to health? Clearly this problem can be tackled by a variety of means. It would resolve itself or would not exist were people honest and upright. The situation would be ameliorated if art buyers were more circumspect in their purchases and the experts consulted to confirm the authenticity of pictures were able to express firm opinions and were more of one mind among themselves. The question, however, may well be considered from another angle, to see whether an answer can be found—or at least considerably facilitated—even if the standard of reasonable care and the expertise of the experts remain as they are at present. We do not have in mind here the criminal and civil sanctions that already exist. Nor shall we inquire into the possibilities of the assistance which may be had from increasing the severity of such sanctions. We shall not examine nostrums but means of prevention.


Background: Prostate cancer continues to show challenges in disease management and ultimately leads to advanced disease with poor survival. These unmet needs, despite recent advances, are leading researchers to identify novel targets to develop next-generation therapeutics. Considerable evidence from the published reports and TCGA database analysis indicates that CRM1, which functions as a nuclear export protein, amplifies prostate cancer, resulting in dysregulated nuclear export machinery. This dysregulation is also seen to correlate with mislocalization of p53, FOXO-1, and 3a, cyclinD1, p16, p21, and p27 in prostate cancer. Besides these mislocalized proteins, key DNA repair pathway members such as BRCA1 and Rad51 exhibit a nuclear export signal (NES) and are putative CRM1 cargoes. Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of these repair proteins may play an essential role in repairing damaged DNA. We hypothesize that inhibition of CRM1 would result in defective DNA repair through disruption of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of important repair protein cargoes.
 Methods: PCa cells (both AR-positive and negative lines) were treated with Selinexor to estimate the subtoxic doses. Cell lysates and total mRNA were collected to evaluate the relative levels of BRCA-1, RAD51, p53, ATM, ATR transcripts, and proteins. Activation of the DNA damage pathway was measured through a phosphorylated form of these proteins, and functional assessment of homologous recombination(HR) was measured through an HR sensor plasmid construct.
 Results: Treatment of PCa cells with Selinexor affected expression, localization, and kinetics of DNA repair leading to unrepaired DNA and induced apoptosis.
 Citation Format: Rajendra Kumar, Janet Mendonca, Kavya Boyapati, Yuhan Yang, Deven Topiwala, Suthicha Kanacharoen, Keerti Soundappan, Lillian Wilson, Eleni Panagopoulos, Michael Carducci, Sushant K. Kachhap. Exploring the role of CRM1 in DNA repair pathway in prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1505.


Owning to the proliferation of cost-effective sensors, there has been an increased growth in a number of applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In addition, the skyline operator as well as its variants such as the dynamic skyline and reverse skyline operator has attracted increasing attention since those are useful for multicriteria decision making applications. Since the energy efficiency is utmost important issue to prolong the network lifetime, in this paper, we proposed efficient algorithms to process a reverse skyline query over a sliding window in WSN environments. We first devise our algorithm for the data stream environments and extend it to WSN environments. To compute the reverse skyline, we partition the data space into several orthants with respect to a query point. And, in each orthant, we compute the reverse skyline independently using two buffers. In our experiment study, we demonstrate that our algorithm is much better than other algorithms.


I recently heard a story of a high-school boy who observed his grandfather typing a letter on an old typewriter. Completely fascinated, he asked his grandfather what this machine was.


Registration of 3D point clouds is a fundamental task in several applications of robotics and computer vision. While registration methods such as iterative closest point and variants are very popular, they are only locally optimal. There has been some recent work on globally optimal registration, but they perform poorly in the presence of noise in the measurements. In this work we develop a mixed integer programming-based approach for globally optimal registration that explicitly considers uncertainty in its optimization, and hence produces more accurate estimates. Furthermore, from a practical implementation perspective we develop a multi-step optimization that combines fast local methods with our accurate global formulation. Through extensive simulation and real world experiments we demonstrate improved performance over state-of-the-art methods for various level of noise and outliers in the data as well as for partial geometric overlap.


High-speed data channel based on USB2.0 and FPGA is designed to improve the printing velocity and precision of CTP system.Taking USB chip CY7C68013A as communication pipeline,and using 64M SDRAM as the channel data cache to avoid bottlenecks in data stream,the system,controlled by xp6 FPGA of lattice company,can realize high-speed data transmission,and work stably and reliably.With 2540 DPI precision,the system can realize high speed transmission of Large amounts of data,and print with high velocity and precision.


Many engineering components operate at temperatures high enough for creep to occur. These components inevitably contain cracks and/or crack-like flaws, which can propagate under creep conditions. The C* creep crack parameter which characterises the stress and strain-rate fields in the vicinity of a crack tip, appears to correlate creep crack growth data better than any other parameter proposed to date (1) (2)1. Reference stress concepts have been used to obtain equations for estimating C* (e.g., (3x6)). The equation derived by Harper and Ellison (3) has proved to be extremely useful because it allows C* values to be obtained from experimentally determined load-line displacement rates. Their derivation incorporates the use of an approximate limit load reference stress. This implies that the resulting formula for C* contains an error as a result of the use of the approximate limit load reference stress. This note contains a derivation in which a more accurate definition of reference stress is used. By comparing the resulting expression for C* with that of Harper and Ellison (3), it can be seen that the use of an approximate reference stress does not necessarily cause a significant error in the C* formula.


Hakkas′ culture is a huge resource system.In the background of the economic globalization,we need to transplant Hakkas′ culture to marketization,really make Hakkas′ culture move towards the market,and form the cultural industry with one′s own characteristic.This text discusses the actuality of marketization transplantation on Hakkas′ culture、theoretical foundation and forms.


Recently, the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) staging system for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) was followed by a proposal of the American Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) system. The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of both systems to predict survival after curative resection for mass‐forming ICC and to establish a new staging system based on survival analysis results. The present study was conducted as a project study of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery.


SCI is an international authoritative evaluation system on basic research achievements in natural science.According to the 2010 Journal Citation Reports(JCR2010) data,evaluation indicators of periodicals of veterinary sciences collected by SCI JCR Web were analyzed,and influential journals were evaluated and screened on veterinary medicine science by citation analysis method,at the same time,this paper also gives some recommendations on manuscript submission.


The three dimensional finite element analysis model was conducted to study the rotor's movement locus in the interference fit condition.It was conducted to simulate the contact and interaction between the stator and rotor under the hydraulic condition.The rotor's movement locus under pressure was gotten.The mechanism of the changed rotor's movement locus was explained.For improving the movement characteristic of progressive cavity pump and declining the torque,a locus optimization method was given by which pitch circle diameter and eccentricity of rotor can be changed.The results show that this method can fix the trajectory of rotor inside the stator,optimize the working characteristic and extend the life of progressive cavity pump.


voltammetry technique (DPV), procaine hydrochloride gave linear response over the range of 3 - 750 μM (R 2 = 0.999) and the limit of detection (S/N = 3) was found to be 0.91 μM on graphite based SPE. In the case of square wave voltammetry technique (SWV), on the same electrode type the linear response was situated in the range 1 - 250 μM (R 2 = 0.998) and the limit of detection was found to be 0.4 μM. The interferences studies showed a better selectivity toward the procaine hydrochloride for the electrodes modified with C 4 Es 2 compared to the unmodified ones. This, together with the optimized voltammetric methods allowed the determination of procaine hydrochloride in commercial pharmaceutical samples with good results.


Introduction A.A.Ahmida Theorizing the History of Colonialism and Nationalism in the Arab Maghrib E.Burke, III Society, Colonialism and State Formation in Tunisia and Libya A.A.Ahmida Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Invention of Ancient Egypt E.Cola The Nation State and the Problem of Frontiers in the Maghrib K.Benson Post-Colonialism and the Study of Arab Folklore A.Ayoub Oral Traditions and the Reproduction of Colonial Ideology in Algeria Moroccan Soldiers: Between Selective Memory and Collective Memory D. Maghraoui Islamism and the Recolonization of Algeria M.Lazreg Economic Reform and Tunisia's Hegemonic Party: The End of the Administrative Elite S.J.King Political Science Without Clothes: The Politics of Dress or Contesting the Spatiality of the State in Egypt M.Fandy Gendered Nationalism in the Maghrib M.Fayad Identity, Cultural Encounter, and Alienation in the Trilogy of the Libyan Writer Ahmad Ibrahiim al-Faqih A.A.Ahmida An Agenda for Future Research A.A.Ahmida


A new series of 5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives(e1-e9)were synthesized by incorporating different N-substituted-1H-indole into thiazolidine-2,4-dione with methylene bond,and further modified at the nitrogen of thiazolidine-2,4-dione by different groups.Their structures were determined by IR,1H NMR and HRMS.Their antitumor activity was evaluated over five cancer cells by the MTT assay.All the target compounds displayed antitumor activity against A549,HCT116 and PC-9,and those with benzyl at 1-position of indole(e1 and e3)had similar anticancer activity as 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)over the test cancer cells(exception of A375),and had higher activity against A549 and HCT116(IC50 value lower than 30 μM),providing a good lead for subsequent optimization as cancer inhibitory agents.


The syntheses of m-azido-L-phenylalanine, p-azido-o-nitro-L-phenylalanine, Z · Ala-Ala-Xxx · OH, and Z · Ala-Ala(β-3H)-Xxx · OH, with Xxx – Phe, Phe(p-NO2), Phe(p-N3), Phe(m-N3), and Phe(p-N3, o-NO2) are described. The tripeptides with substituted phenylalanine residues are reversible inhibitors of chymotrypsin in the dark, and irreversible ones in the light. Photoaffinity labelling of chymotrypsin has been reported by the authors in FEBS Letters 46, 347 (1974).


To have a better understanding of the reinforcement effect on the crushed zone after grouting in coal mining extraction work, a self-designed grouting apparatus was used to study the effects of the grain size mixtures (distribution) and the stress state on the mechanical behaviours of grouted crushed coal specimens. From the various grouting tests, triaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of grouted specimens with different grain size mixtures, it was found that, for the same grain size mixture, the peak (σp) and residual (σr) strengths of the grouted specimens increased with an increase in confining pressure. It was found that the average slope values of the σp-σ3 curves for the grouted specimens with different grain size mixtures were all larger than those of the σr-σ3 curves. It was observed that the peak strain (εp) of the grouted specimens with different grain size mixtures increased overall with increasing confining pressure. For constant confining pressure, the peak and residual strengths both gradually increased approximately linearly as the grain size mixtures varied from small to large, but at higher confining pressures, the influence of the grain size mixture on the peak (or residual) strength increased. These mechanical behaviours of the grouted crushed coal specimens were strongly dependent on the variation in the grain size mixtures and in the confining pressure, which can be explained by the crack evolution process within the grouted specimen under triaxial compression, to a certain extent. Ultimate failure of the grouted specimen occurred just after propagation and coalescence of the cracks through the entire grouted specimen. Moreover, there were three major microscopic diffusion modes for the grouts flowing in most of the crushed coal specimens. Based on these test results, it was found that the reinforcement effect of the grouted specimen related to the splitting grouting mode (occurring in most of the large specimens) seems to be better than that of the penetrating (filling) grouting mode (in most of the small specimens).


Critics of public fiduciary theory have argued that public officials and institutions cannot properly be considered "fiduciaries" because the duty of loyalty does not permit a fiduciary to serve two masters with conflicting interests. We argue that this critique of public fiduciary theory is overstated because it rests on a false distinction between private and public fiduciary relationships. Conflicts of duty that arise in public fiduciary relationships are not categorically different from those that arise in private fiduciary relationships.
In some cases, the fiduciary owes not only discrete "first-order" duties to the beneficiary, but also wider "second-order" duties to the broader public or to public purposes. First-order fiduciary duties are the familiar legal duties that a fiduciary owes to her beneficiary. Second-order fiduciary duties emanate from a separate fiduciary relationship between the fiduciary and public-regarding institutions that have been entrusted to the fiduciary's administration. Second-order fiduciary duties therefore serve a different and more systemic purpose: they ensure that a fiduciary's loyalty to her beneficiary does not compromise other institutions entrusted to her care that are designed to provide equal freedom under the rule of law. Part I of our paper uses two examples of fiduciary relationships governed primarily by private law — lawyers and physicians — to illustrate how second-order fiduciary duties operate. While lawyers are required to act in the best interests of their clients (first-order), they also bear a variety of prescriptive and proscriptive duties as officers of the court to promote the just and orderly administration of justice (second-order). Physicians likewise bear both first-order duties to their patients and second-order duties to the broader public, including obligations to prevent serious threats that their patients pose to others. Part II explains how second-order fiduciary duties contribute to the deontic legal structure of public offices and institutions. In particular, clarifying how second-order duties operate in public law helps to explain what kinds of legal obligations public authorities bear to whom and why. Part III demonstrates that national authorities also bear second-order fiduciary duties under international law. As fiduciaries of humanity, states are legally obligated to govern cooperatively so as to protect human rights for the benefit of international society as a whole.


Purpose
While the research literature on Recovery Colleges is relatively well-established, comprehensive research concerning Recovery Education for young people is currently scarce. The purpose of paper is to provide an overview of determinants of, and barriers to, the successful implementation of youth-adapted Recovery Colleges, known as Discovery Colleges, and to explore the wider impact of Discovery Colleges and Recovery Colleges.

Design/methodology/approach
In consultation with a Recovery College Peer Educator, three undergraduate applied psychology students conducted a literature review with no date limits on publications in the Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases.

Findings
A total of 15 publications were included. Determinants for successful implementation included the importance of previously established Recovery College foundations, service and content accessibility and evaluative feedback. Barriers were primarily related to differences in how development, identity and environment between adults and young people impact positive educational outcomes. The wider impact of Discovery Colleges highlighted an improvement in relationships between service users and health-care professionals, an improved attitude towards education; improvements in well-being, self-worth and social connection; and promotion of transformative learning and personal autonomy. Through this, Discovery Colleges also continue to challenge the contemporary medical model of mental health.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this was the first literature review conducted specifically focussing on important factors in establishing Discovery Colleges. This literature review provides an important overview for both service users and staff members in how the development and implementation of this exciting and relatively new initiative can be further explored and enhanced going forward.


Learning of control policies that map visual observations to actions has been drawing much attention in recent years. Since visual observations are defined as raw images or high-dimensional image features, the learning process of such policies tends to require a huge amount of training data. Therefore, their applications are often limited in simulations and difficult in the real world due to the high sampling cost of the training data. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose a policy transfer learning framework with feature extraction and reinforcement learning. We utilize transfer component analysis as a feature extraction method for identifying common features across the two domains. Our framework first extracts the common features in both the simulations and the real environments. Then a control policy with the extracted features as observations is learned by reinforcement learning in simulations and subsequently transferred to the real world even with appearance errors. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we conducted simulations and experiments with an actual robot platform.


of pragmatic theories and ultimately offers an exclusionary theory as the most promising. The third section, 'Ethics and Politics', contains five essays. S. Everson offers a sophisticated discussion of Plato's treatments of justice and just action in the Republic. The highlight is his attempt to disarm Sach's famous irrelevance objection by showing that it depends upon an outdated analytic account of definition. Everson's robustly philosophical approach to Sach's problem is novel and welcome – it is about time one examined the philosophical presuppositions driving that famous problem. However, a complete resolution of Sach's problem requires in addition an equally detailed and nuanced account of the moral psychology of the just agent, which is lacking from the paper. In a short essay A. Kenny argues that practical truth differs significantly from theoretical truth for Aristotle and, contrary to Anscombe, is not a property of actions but rather an effect of the proper employment of practical reason. Kenny's paper could have benefited from additional engagement with the recent literature on practical truth, but his proposals are sensible. There follows a rich paper by M. Schofield that examines the influence of democratic ideas and practice on Aristotle's political theory in Politics 3. According to Schofield, the picture of the political sphere that emerges is one where the citizens exhibit power by participating in deliberation in the assembly and law courts and are qualified to do so by means of the modicum of virtue and wisdom they possess. The last two papers concern the Stoics and Cicero. R. Sorabji offers an analysis of one of the Stoics' favourite locutions for expressing reservation, 'if God (or Zeus) wills'. His proposal aims at salvaging the remark's status as an expression of a preference without making blasphemous claims about what is or is not appropriate for Zeus. M. Griffin closes with a valuable discussion of Cicero's De officiis. She argues that the restricted focus of the treatise and the work that partly inspires it are of a piece with its main aim, viz. imparting to those who have high political ambitions a code for conduct at the top level of Roman society. In addition to these well-conceived and high-calibre essays there is a witty introduction by the editors and an extensive bibliography of Barnes' work compiled by M. Bonelli. There is no general bibliography; each paper contains its own list of works cited. However, this does not detract much from the usability of the volume. More problematic is the lack of an index of subjects. Nevertheless, much like Barnes' own work, this volume is an enjoyable, engaging and rewarding read. The editors should be commended for honouring this philosophical giant with a collection of the highest quality.


BACKGROUND
We previously demonstrated that disruption of the pksCT gene of Monascus led to a greater than 98% decrease in its citrinin production capacity in Monascus (PHDS26). Two potentially toxic compounds, monascopyridine A (MPA) and monascopyridine B (MPB), were found in the fermentation products of the pksCT gene-disrupted Monascus. Moreover, a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of MPA and MPB. We studied the effects of various extraction parameters and designed an orthogonal experiment to investigate the importance of each factor.

RESULTS
The optimal extraction conditions were: methanol concentration, 90%; extraction temperature, 40 °C; extraction time, 10 min; two extraction cycles; and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, good linearity was reached over the concentration ranges 0.5-200 µg mL-1 and 0.5-300 µg mL-1 for MPA and MPB, respectively, and the corresponding determination coefficients were 0.9999 and 0.9997. The percentage relative standard deviation values of within-day and between-day precision for MPA were 2.0% and 2.1%, respectively; the corresponding values for MPB were 4.8% and 4.6%. The average recovery for MPA and MPB was 99.9% and 94%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Maximum MPA and MPB yields (2073.7 and 1961.7 µg g-1 , respectively) were observed after 16 days of cultivation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


The invention relates to an artificial domesticating method for eleutheronema tetradactylum. The method comprises the following steps of (1) catching; (2) transportation; (3) transfer; (4) domestication; (5) feeding; and (6) sieving. Through the domestication according to the steps, young eleutheronema tetradactylum gradually grows to the specification of adult eleutheronema tetradactylum. The method has the advantages that the domestication survival rate is high, the popularization is easy, the operation is simple and convenient, the implementation is easy, the injury to the eleutheronema tetradactylum is small, and good application prospects are realized.


Government take of oil producing country can be enhanced by optimising the incentive mechanism of petroleum fiscal system. This paper establishes a principal-agent model to improve the production sharing contract (PSC), which is the most popular fiscal regime in hydrocarbon exploitation. It also conducts a numerical analysis to achieve the optimum fiscal design and applies the new model into a deep-water petroleum contract of China. The application results show that the expected income of host government increases by 18% compared with the old fiscal system.


Memorandum presenting an experimental investigation to determine the flutter characteristics of several rectangular wings of variable aspect ratio at a range of Mach numbers. The wings were solid aluminum or steel and were 2, 4, and 6 percent thick. Results regarding the flutter at low and high angles of attack are provided.


This paper investigated 1007 musicology master dissertations from 60 universities in China and summarized applied characteristics of their survey research method. Some problems were found in these master dissertations,which included that explanatory research was deficient,explanatory research and mixed research are scarce,not in strict accordance with the topics criteria to select survey problem,etc. The study concluded that when Chinese master of musicology use survey research method they should select problem in strict accordance with the selection criteria,strengthen the practice of explanatory research and give emphasis to use mixed research method. Only in this way,the investigation level of master of musicology and the quality of master dissertation can be improved continually.


Large angle maneuver is required for power supply, special object detection and ground object cap- ture on small satellite. From a combined control algorithm with magnetorquer and reaction wheel, an instanta- neous - turn - axis control algorithm is proposed for initial and final states of the maneuver. The optimal ma- neuver track is obtained to access short maneuver time with the limit of reaction wheel's saturation characteris- tic according to the kinematics and, a controller is then designed to approach it. Simulation results indicate that the control algorithm has the excellent robustness and can be easily designed and realized.


The Webster reservoir at Midway-Sunset field, Kern County, California, is an unconsolidated sand reservoir of Miocene age (''Stevens equivalent,'' Monterey Formation). The Webster was discovered in 1910 but, due to poor heavy oil (14/sup 0/ API) economics, development for primary production and subsequent enhanced recovery were sporadic. Currently, the reservoir produces by cyclic steam stimulation in approximately 35 wells. Cumulative oil production for the Webster since 1910 is about 13 million bbl. The Webster is subdivided into two reservoirs - the Webster Intermediate and Webster Main. The Webster Intermediate directly overlies the Webster Main in one area but it is separated by up to 300 ft of shale elsewhere. The combined thickness of both Webster reservoirs averages 250 ft and is located at a drilling depth of 1,100-1,800 ft. From evaluation of modern core data and sand distribution maps, the Webster sands are interpreted to have been deposited by turbidity currents that flowed from southwest to northeast in this area. Oil is trapped in the Webster reservoir where these turbidites were subsequently folded on a northwest-southeast-trending anticline. Detailed recorrelation on wireline logs, stratigraphic zonation, detailed reservoir description by zone, and sedimentary facies identification in modern cores has led to developmentmore » of a geologic model for the Webster. This model indicates that the Webster Intermediate was deposited predominately by strongly channelized turbidity currents, resulting in channel-fill sands, and that the Webster Main was deposited by less restricted flows, resulting in more lobate deposits.« less


In a hybrid cloud, individual cloud service providers (CSPs) often have incentive to use each other's resources to offload peak loads or place load closer to the end user. However, CSPs have to keep track of contributions and gains in order to disincentivize long-term free-riding. We show CloudShare, a distributed version of a load balancing algorithm DirectCloud based on the Shapley value---a powerful fairness concept from game theory. CloudShare coordinates CSPs by a ZooKeeper-based coordination layer; each CSP runs a broker that interacts with local resources (such as Kubernetes-managed clusters). We quantitatively evaluate our implementation by simulation. The results confirm that CloudShare generates on the average more fair schedules than the popular FairShare algorithm. We believe our results show an viable alternative to monetary methods based on, e.g., spot markets.


The tourism's measurement, implicitly of the economic-social progress, in the view of the lasting development, implies the approach and the application of certain principles and methods which represent the basis of the formation and use of a set of indicators as complete as possible. The indicators' system which should gather a set as complete as possible has been analyzed by the OCDE forum that considers that their efficiency is the highest as the information source is larger and more diversified. The measurement of the tourism's lasting development represents a need under the conditions of a deep interaction between the protection of the natural resources, the economic development and the satisfaction of the needs customers-tourists


This study aims to analyze the effect of Village Original Revenue, Village Fund,
Village Fund Allocation, and Tax Sharing and Retribution on Infrastructure Village
Expenditures in Wonogiri Regency in 2018. The population used in this study are all
villages that have administrative in Wonogiri Regency. The sample in this study uses
purposive sampling method. Testing the hypothesis in this study using multiple linear
regression analysis with the coefficient of determination, f test, and t test. The results of
this study indicate that the coefficient of determination is obtained by a value of 0.180.
The results of the hypothesis testing show that PADes, ADD, and BHPR have no effect on
village spending in infrastructure, while for DD variables it affects the village
expenditure in infrastructure.


Recent surveys have detected Lyα emission from z = 4.5 − 6.5 at luminosities as low as 10 erg s. There is good evidence that low numbers of AGN are among observed faint Lyα emitters. Combining these observations with an empirical relation between the intrinsic Lyα and B-band luminosities of AGN, we obtain an upper limit on the number density of AGN with absolute magnitudes MB ∈ [−16,−19] at z = 4.5− 6.5. These AGN are up to two orders of magnitude fainter than those discovered in the Chandra Deep Field, resulting in the faintest observational constraints to date at these redshifts. At z = 4.5, the powerlaw slope of the very faint end of the luminosity function of AGN is shallower than the slope observed at lower redshifts, βl < 1.6, at the 98% confidence level. In fact, we find marginal evidence that the luminosity function rises with luminosity, corresponding to a powerlaw slope βl < 0, at magnitudes fainter than MB ∼ −20 (75% confidence level). These results suggest either that accretion onto lower mass black holes is less efficient than onto their more massive counterparts, or that the number of black holes powering AGN with MB >∼ − 20 is lower than expected from the MBH − σ relation by one-two orders of magnitude. Extrapolating from reverberation-mapping studies suggests that these black holes would have MBH = 10 − 107M⊙. To facilitate the identification of AGN among observed Lyα emitters, we derive observational properties of faint AGN in the Lyα line, as well as in the X-ray and optical bands.


arterial shunt which requires less than 90 sec. for either insertion or removal. We feel that such a shunt will be of value in neck surgery with resection of the carotid arteries and in abdominal surgery with resection of the renal arteries. Arterial shunts, both intraluminal and extraluminal, have been studied experimentally for years. Carrel (3), in 1912, used paraffin coated glass and metal tubes of 1.0 cm diameter and 4.5 cm length in an attempt to intubate permanently the descending thoracic aorta of dogs. Apparently there was no clinical application. During the 35 years which followed there was no further significant study of arterial shunts.


The immune response appears to be associated with morbidity in Chagas disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma chemokine levels in well-defined clinical polar groups of chagasic patients and its relationship with morbidity. Patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were grouped as indeterminate (IND) and cardiac (CARD) forms ranging from 23 to 69 years of age. The IND group included 82 individuals without cardiac involvement, while the CARD group included 94 patients presenting dilated cardiomyopathy. Healthy non-chagasic individuals were included as a control group (NI). The plasma chemokine levels, such as inflammatory protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1 and monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), proved to be the highest in the CARD group. However, no significant difference could be observed when comparing the RANTES expression in the IND and CARD groups. Correlation analysis showed that higher IP-10, MCP-1 and MIG expression was associated with worst cardiac function, as determined by left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular diastolic diameter values. The findings of this study indicate that a fine balance between homeostatic and inflammatory chemokines might represent a key element in the establishment of the distinct forms of chronic Chagas disease. Moreover, this inference involves important implications to better understand the pathogenesis and clinical management of patients with Chagas disease.


Cerbera manghas (sea mango) is one of the poisonous trees belonging to the Apocynaceae family notorious for its cardiac glycoside cardiotoxicity. The tree and the frail of sea mango are easily accessible along the coast of Taiwan. We present a case of a 50-year-old male who attempted suicide by ingesting three seeds of the sea mango. The patient was admitted to the coronary care unit because of complete atrioventricular block, followed by sinus exit block. All conduction abnormalities subsided 3 days later with temporary transcutaneous pacing and supportive treatment. He was discharged with no complications.


Drawing is one of the basic skills in learning art, it is a necessary skill for beginners to master. The acquisition of skills by individuals is difficult and is acquired by correct repetition. The purpose of this study is to build a drawing learning support system for beginners in a network environment. The student can obtain evaluation and advice from the tutor without being restricted by time and place. In this paper considers the possibility to drawing study support based on the drawing process data of the students in 2013 to 2016 about the drawing process graph designed from experts' drawing process.


This project paper provides a report on a real relief operation mission, jointly conducted by two European research projects, in response to the massive flooding in the Balkan in spring 2014. Un Unmanned Aerial System was deployed on-site in collaboration with traditional relief workers, to support them with damage assessment, area mapping, visual inspection and re-localizing the many explosive remnants of war which have been moved due to the flooding and landslides. Novel robotic technologies and data processing methodologies were brought from the research labs and directly applied onto the terrain in order to support the relief workers and minimize human suffering.


Religious literalism flourishes in Muslim communities that lack vibrant intellectual life and dynamic religious education. Literalist perceptions of Islam constitute the ontological and intellectual foundation of radicalism in the world, in general, and in contemporary Central Asia, in particular.In recent years, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan embarked on comprehensive anti-terrorist activities and adopted complex measures at the official level in fighting radical (depicted as "non-traditional") interpretations of Islam, since the very liberal attitude of these countries towards all religious groups, which had been adopted earlier, and the lack of state support to the Muftiyat (the civil society body representing the Hanafi Muslims) led to the active penetration of radical religious groups and ideas into their societies. Despite all its merits, however, tightened control over religious organizations and 'semi-official' support of the conventional Hanafi interpretation of Islam – indispensable to preserve peace, stability and the future of civil society in both countries – should be considered a temporary policy.


Abstract The albedo asymmetry of Iapetus is unique in the Solar System. Many models have been proposed to explain why the leading hemisphere has a reflectance 10–20 times lower than the trailing hemisphere and the poles. Compositional and observational constraints appear to rule out many of these models. Little attempt has been made to explain why, of all the moons in the Solar System, only Iapetus displays such properties. The photometric differences between Phoebe and the dark material on Iapetus, and the expectation that accreted dust from Phoebe would darken the poles more than the antapex of orbital motion on Iapetus, make the Phoebe dust model inconsistent with observations. Other models that instead have Iapetus accreting circumsaturnian material coming from either Hyperion or Iapetus itself are also beset by an inability to explain the bright poles. The endogenous extrusion of dark organics, by itself, is ruled out, since it is extremely unlikely that this model would produce elliptical albedo contours centered on the apex of orbital motion. The modern impact flux does not deliver enough kinetic energy to Iapetus's surface to vaporize significant quantities of water ice and produce a lag deposit. Also, impact vaporization is expected to form a similar lag deposit on the trailing hemisphere. Our most optimistic estimate of the amount of organic material that accumulates on the surface from in situ radiation synthesis of solid organics from methane clathrate is more than sufficient to explain the albedo and spectrum. This process, however, is more effective on the trailing than leading hemisphere, so the reverse asymmetry is expected. Iapetus's asymmetry is best explained by a thick primordial low-albedo subsurface layer of organics exhumed by impact erosion. The layer may be the consequence of ancient thermochemistry in Iapetus's interior, processing methane and/or HCN into dark organic matter which was then extruded over the entire surface. The model requires a thin layer of nearly pure water ice, either exogenous or endogenous, deposited over the dark organics. Subsequent impacts would have preferentially eroded the ice on the leading hemisphere, revealing the underlying dark material. The uniqueness of Iapetus's albedo asymmetry can be understood by its impact-induced erosion rate, size, and formation distance from the Sun and Saturn—a combination of parameters duplicated nowhere else in the Solar System. Tests of these conclusions can be made by Cassini.


3. Case Study of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) The phasing between the diurnal cycle of the GHs and an AEW may promote tropical cyclogenesis near the coast of tropical West Africa, if the sea-surface temperatures are sufficiently warm in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Tropical Storm Debby (2006) is an ideal case highlighting the direct phasing between the GHs diurnal cycle and an AEW resulting in tropical cyclogenesis directly off the coast of West Africa.


We have designed and RSFQ multiplier-accumulator, the central component of our decimation digital filter. The circuit consists of 38 synchronous RSFQ cells of six types arranged into a rectangular systolic array fed by one parallel input and one serial input. Timing is based on counter-flow clock distribution scheme with simulated maximum clock frequency of 11 GHz. The circuit, fabricated at Hypres, Inc., contains 1100 Josephson junctions, has power consumption less than 0.2 mW, and area less than 2.5 mm/sup 2/. The multiplier-accumulator has been tested at low frequency demonstrating full functionality and stable operation over a 24 hour testing period. This four-bit multiplier accumulator is one of the largest reported RSFQ circuits verified experimentally to date.


Advanced Placement (AP) is a College Board program that offers a college-level curriculum to high school students. AP has expanded dramatically in recent years, and with noted program benefits accruing to successful participants, the issue of equity has become a concern. When identified early, students who have potential to be successful in AP courses could obtain the preparation necessary to excel academically in courses that have an impact on college admissions and outcomes. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine if a relationship exists between 6th grade CogAT composite, verbal, and quantitative battery scores and 12th grade AP English Literature and 12th grade AP Calculus exam pass-fail scores. The setting for the study was a rural northeast Georgia school district. Utilizing archived data, a special kind of Pearson correlation, a point biserial correlation, and a logistics regression analysis were conducted. All null hypotheses were rejected indicating that a statistically significant positive relationship exists between 6th grade CogAT composite, verbal, and quantitative battery scores and 12th grade AP English Literature and 12th grade AP Calculus exam scores. Moreover, the relationship is a predictive one. Based on study results, more informed curriculum decisions could be made for students beginning in the middle school years. Recommendations for further study include consideration of additional variables that might influence AP exam success such as gender, socioeconomic factors, giftedness, and motivation.


Introduction: Interstellar dusts in molecular clouds consist of silicate core, organic materials and ice. Those dusts were heated and partially evaporated when the solar nebula was formed. We experimentally determined the distribution of these materials in the solar nebula [1, 2]. At heliocentric distance between 2 and 3 AU, organic materials evaporated partially, which led to the occurrence of organic materials-covered silicate grains. At heliocentric distance larger than 3 AU, interstellar organic materials on silicate dusts remained without evaporation and ice condensed on the dusts. These dusts grew by aggregation into planetesimals and then into meteorites parent bodies. It is therefore acknowleged that materials of meteorites parent bodies in 2-3 AU were organics and silicates, and that in >3 AU ice, organics and silicates. Interstellar organic matterials were metamorphosed in meteoritic parent bodies, through aqueous alteration and subsequent thermal metamorphism at >3 AU. It is considered that the aqueous alteration is closed-system reaction and thermal metamorphism open-system one. Nakano et al. [3] performed aqueous alteration experiments (100, 200 °C) using high-pressure cell and subsequent heating experiments in vacuo at 50-600 °C, and compared elemental composition with carbonaceous chondrites' data. However, there has been no experiment simulating on the metamorphism occurred in the meteoritic parent bodies in 2-3 AU. In this study, we have performed simulation experiments on closedsystem reaction (300-450 °C) and subsequent opensystem reaction (400, 600 °C) using interstellar organic materials analogs. In addition, we also performed higher temperature aqueous alteration experiments like Nakano et al. [3] to know the results under subcritical and supercritical water conditions. Experimental: Preparation of organic material analogs. It is very difficult to obtain sufficient amounts of organic materials formed in simulating experiments (UV-irradiation of impure ice at 10 K). Therefore, we prepared interstellar organic material analogs, which we call MC, by mixing the chemical reagents based on analytical data of laboratory synthesized organic materials [1]. Experiments with/without water. The interstellar organic materials (MC: 10 g) and H2O (0 or 10 g) were put and heated in the Hastelloy high-pressure reactor, and this experiment is considered to heating experiments under closed-system condition. The samples were heated at 100-450 °C for 5-200 hours (Table 1). After the experiments, samples were freeze-dried under vacuum at -20 °C to remove remaining H2O. Table 1 shows the list of samples in the present experiments.


In order to introduce remote monitoring system for effective safety management of electrical facilities for general use, which the most of electrical fires and non-inspection problems due to absence are generated development of local device model considering cost and installation is requested. This paper presents local device models for remote electrical safety inspection of electrical facilities for general use and in order to rational model according to installation place of electrical facilities for general use, compare and analysis cost, installation and communication method of local device models. The results show that rational model for remote safety inspection of electrical facilities located in houses, which occupy the must of electrical facilities for general use, is to give safety monitoring ability to low voltage remote meter reading(or automatic meter reading: AMR).


This qualitative study critically examined nurses' perception of nursing qua nursing in an American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet ® re-designated healthcare system in Albany NY. Watson's Theory of Human Caring is used by many Magnet ® hospitals, including the site for this study, to inform and guide nursing practice. Watson's Theory supports concepts and practices of integral health, holism, caring, healing, and the education and integration of complementary health care modalities as independent therapeutic nursing interventions. This study aimed to understand the nurse's emancipatory experience, comportment and self-agency as she/he participated in a theory guided practice; and illuminate the nurses' acquisition, understanding and utilization of knowledge and power as required for engaging independent therapeutic nursing interventions in the unitary-transformative health paradigm. Eight nurses from the Oncology Unit self-selected to participate without recidivism from August to October 2012. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) A questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect demographic and educational data from participants including: age, ethnicity, level of academic education, years of experience in nursing and in specialty, education to nursing theory, including education specifically to Watson's Theory of Human Caring and to holistic nursing and Complementary and Alternative Modalities (CAM), and CAM use in practice and self-care; and 2) Kim's (1999, 2007, 2010) Critical Narrative Inquiry Method was used to collect and analyze narrative data in three phases: 1) descriptive 2) reflective; and 3) critical-emancipatory. Written and audio data from in-person interviews were transcribed and analyzed by the researcher. Data was validated by participants and used to answer four research questions: 1) What are the emancipatory experiences of nurses in a Magnet ® re-designated healthcare system that promotes Human Caring Theory; 2) What are the patterns that facilitate nurses' comportment and self-agency to fully embody and practice integral nursing qua nursing in a Magnet® re-designated healthcare system; 3) What are the patterns that create barriers to nurses' comportment and self-agency to fully embody and practice integral nursing qua nursing in a Magnet ® re-designated healthcare system; and 4) How does the organization support nurses control over their nursing practice within this one ANCC Magnet® re-designated healthcare system? Findings gleaned from the patterns that occurred most frequently in the narrative data included: 1) Nurses used Human Caring and Integral Nursing theoretical concepts to inform and conduct their practice; even though they reported limited education to the theories. Elements of the theories that manifested in their practice and self-care included: advocating, educating, counseling, creating a caring-healing environment by honoring the patient and family's space and wishes, approaching patients and families non-judgmentally with an open mind and loving kindness, using complementary modalities of humor, prayer, intention, authentic presence, music, imagery, touch, and obtaining complementary therapy, palliative and spiritual care consults for patients; 2) Facilitators to practice included: the support of their manager, colleagues and team members, optimal staffing patterns, resource nurses and competent, self-motivated care technicians and support staff; and 3) Nurses in the study confirmed their Magnet ® healthcare system values: a) Supportive and participative nursing management; b) Advanced education by providing tuition reimbursement and flexible scheduling; c) Participation in and use of the most current nursing research in their practice; and d) A strong nursing mentoring culture, where nurses empower each other to provide ethical care and advocate for patients' and nurses' rights. Opportunities for nursing education and leadership include: 1) The need to revise academic and continuing education curricula to adopt integral theory guided practice at all levels; 2) The need for advanced practice nurses to translate conceptual models into practice and help nurses to articulate the value and power of nursing to impact integral health and healing. Suggested


After multi treatment of UV , LiCL and resistance test of chlortetracycline, the high yielding strain M14 2 was obtained from Streptomyces aureofaciens for the production of chlortetracycline. At the same time, the fermentation medium was optimized by orthogonal experiment. As a result, the titer of the mutant could reach as high as 23200μg/mL in 60m 3 fermenter, 15% higher than that of the original strain.


The scheduling problem for federated learning (FL) with multiple models in a distributed network is challenging, as it involves NP-hard mixed-integer nonlinear programming. Moreover, it requires optimal participant selection and learning rate determination among multiple FL models to avoid high training costs and resource competition. To overcome those chal-lenges, in literature the Benders' decomposition algorithm (BD) can deal with mixed integer problems, however, it still suffers from limited scalability. To address this issue, in this paper, we present the Hybrid Quantum-Classical Benders' Decomposition (HQCBD) algorithm, which combines the power of quantum and classical computing to solve the joint participant selection and learning scheduling problem in multi-model FL. HQCBD decomposes the optimization problem into a master problem with binary variables and small subproblems with continuous variables. This collaboration maximizes the potential of both quantum and classical computing, and optimizes the complex joint optimization problem. Simulation on the commercial D-Wave quantum annealing machine demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, with up to 18% improvement of iterations and 81% improvement of computation time over BD algorithm on classical CPUs even at small scales.


Human-k triatomine insects' interaction is a milestone in Chagas Disease (CD) prevention and control. We studied and compared ethnoecology and cultural knowledge and experiences about triatomines and Chagas of two urban social groups, and of health technicians of the vector control program in Merida city, southeastern Mexico. We conducted semi-structure interviews: 24 participants living in very low marginalization index (VLMi) and 26 of very high marginalization index (VHMi) areas in Merida, and 15 health workers. Questions focused on ethno-ecology and health-related knowledge of blood-sucking insects, and experiences on triatomine bites and CD, same than treatment and diagnosis of both bites and the disease. A thematic content-analysis and descriptive statistics were followed. Triatomines were considered a health danger due to the perception of them as poisonous and causing infection. Participants of VLMi were more knowledgeable about CD compared to VHMi participants, but they had limited understanding of the overall to chronicity when compared to health technicians. VHMi showed a more elaborate ethno-ecological knowledge about triatomines and had more exposition to them. Across participants, a biased understanding about CD has been recorded, since it was given emphasis only on acute phase aspects but not on chronic symptomatology. Cultural knowledge about CD remains rather theoretical since it keeps a very unfamiliar disease due to the lack of individual and collectively shared experiences on therapeutic itineraries and illness. There is an urgent need to focus on CD also as a chronic disease by giving more visibility to its prevalence, more advances in diagnostic and treatment, a proper medical care need, as well as illness experiences, and its human impact.


In general, to increase the ionic (<10−8 S/cm) and the electronic conductivity (<10−9 S/cm) of olivine-structured LiFePO4 (LFP), researchers have been carried out many studies to expand the surface area by synthesizing nano-sized materials coated with carbon. However, at high temperatures (>50 °C), nano-sized particles are exfoliated from the Al current collector during repeated expansion and contraction of the volume of the cathode active material during a cycle. To solve this problem, we designed honeycomb-shaped LiFePO4 positive materials by using a simple sol-gel method with a surfactant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the prepared LFP show that the pore size and the wall thickness are approximately 3.01 µm and 112 nm, respectively. The honeycomb-shaped LFP (0.638 m2/g) has a larger specific surface area than does the conventional nano-sized LFP (0.352 m2/g). Compared with conventional nano-sized LFP the LFP with a larger surface area shows an average 2% enhancement in the discharge capacity for all C-rates. The prepared LFP has a better discharge capacity and cycle stability than does the conventional nano-sized LFP.


Forty four isolates of Phytophthora infestans recovered from diseased potato leaves at the Volcano district on the island of Hawaii from 1986 to 1987 were all A1 mating type and sensitive to metalaxyl. However, all of the 23 isolates obtained from diseased tomato and potato leaves from the same area from 1994 to 1995 were all of the A2 mating type and resistant to metalaxyl. The recent isolates displayed considerable variation in growth rate and ability to produce sporangia. Substantial variation in growth rate, ability to produce sporangia and response to metalaxyl was also observed among zoospore progeny of a recent isolate tested. The possible mechanisms for the recent appearance of A2 mating type and diversity in growth rate, sporangial production and response to metalaxyl among the new population on the island of Hawaii are discussed.


Microbial transformations of 6α-eudesmanolides and 6β-eudesmanolides were accomplished using the hydroxylating fungus Rhizopus nigricans. The eudesmane skeleton was functionalized principally at positions C-1, C-4, and C-8. Hydroxylation yields depended on the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-3, the methyl group at C-4, and the lactone ring in the substrates. Several metabolites with hydroxylation at C-9 and C-11 were also obtained with 6α-eudesmanolide substrates. An inversion of configuration at C-3 may occur when the substrates have an axial hydroxyl group at this carbon. Hydroxylation at C-4 was observed only when the substrate had a 4β-methyl group.


This study examined factors considered important in choosing a hospital. The sample consisted of 303 respondents selected from five randomly selected primary health care centres. The percentages of males, highly educated, high-income level, elder and private sector employees was higher in those choosing private sector hospitals, while marital status did not relate to type of hospital. The principal component analysis identified six factors accounting for 64% of the total variance. The most important component was 'medical services' accounting for 28% of the total variance. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that the main factors associated with choosing a hospital were medical services, accessibility, age, sex and education. Little importance was given to income and occupation. Future recommendations outline the need for consumers' perceptions, attitudes, suggestions and concerns to be taken into consideration when marketing the services to be provided.


(LLF) crystals induced by multiphotonic excitation of the three photons (532 nanometers [nm]). The LLF lattice is more compact than the YLF crystal and favours an absorption and emission shift of the main peaks due to crystal eld strength. The red and blue shifts of the emission bands towards to lower (and higher) energy are different for the transitions from 4f


In our study, the biological activity of Alaria esculenta, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus sp. (Bioalgua ® ), Spirulina platensis, and Ecklonia maxima (as Kelpak ® ) was tested in vitro against Fusarium roseum, F. oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, A. dauci, A. longipes, Trichoderma viride, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum. Their potential toxic effects were evaluated on mycelial growth. Results are presented as effective concentration which inhibits mycelial growth by 50% and 90%. Almost all the algal extracts tested showed an antifungal activity, as ethanol extracts.


In the present document we evaluate two finite integrals involving the product of Aleph-function of one variable, the multivariable Aleph-function and a general class of polynomials of several variables. On account of the most general nature of the functions involved herein a very large number of known and new integrals involved simpler special functions and orthogonal polynomials follow as particular cases of our main integrals.


Due to the increasing popularity of the mobile phones, the structure of telephone ownership is changing rapidly in many countries. In Finland, the amount of the households having a conventional telephone has decreased during the past ten years. Simultaneously the amount of mobile phones has shown a very rapid growth. In the end of year 1998 there were more mobile phones than conventional phones and nearly two thirds of households have at least one mobile phone and many households have more than one mobile phone. Occasionally, mobile phones have replaced conventional phones (Kuusela, 1998). The popularity of mobile phones may have many different effects on the survey practice, on the survey quality, and on expenses in all surveys where data is collected by interviews. In telephone surveys where the sampling frame is the list of telephone numbers, there will be some under coverage if only conventional phones are included. Even if the mobile phones are included, there may still be some under coverage because mobile phones are not listed as frequently as conventional phones. Other way around, if the mobile phones are included in the frame, the selection probabilities of some households will often be larger than the others because there is more than one mobile phone in the household. On the other hand, people who were previously hard to reach may be contacted much easier now because of the mobile phones. However, the respondent may answer the mobile phone almost anywhere and therefore he or she may not be willing to answer any questions, but making an appointment is possible. This helps conducting both the telephone and face-to-face surveys. Another question, however, is conducting an interview in a mobile phone. Except that it is more expensive, it may affect the quality of a survey, as well. The respondent may be in a somehow uncomfortable situation and he or she therefore answers heedlessly. Moreover, people are sometimes reluctant to speak long in a mobile phone and therefore they answer hurriedly. However, empirical data concerning the potential effects of mobile phones on survey quality is not available, because the novelty the issue.


The article defines the term "international cooperation", presents the objectives of the customs cooperation between Russia and Finland and its results, examines the problematic aspects at various levels, depending on the scale of the distribution, their causes and solutions.


This diagnostic study investigates the accuracy of gallium-68 pentixafor positron emission tomography–computed tomography vs adrenal vein sampling in subtyping diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.


Objective It is to evaluate the efficacy of combined Androgen blockade on advanced prostate cancer.Methods 38 cases of patients with advanced prostate cancer were given Flutamid 250 mg for oral use three times every day after final diagnosis,and given LHRH-A 3.6 mg 3-7 days later.After three months the patients were performed castration operation on and given Flutamid continually after the operation.The patients' clinical data was analyzed retrospectively.Results Hormone sensitive androgen independent prostate cancer(HRPC) can be excluded after medical castration plus androgen blocker for three months.After that,castrating level can be maintained by operative castration plus androgen blocker.The relapse rate was 10%,5 cases showed impaired liver function.Conclusion Combined Androgen blockade is safety and effective for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.