Abstract The achromatic number ψ(G) of a graph G is the greatest number of colours in a proper colouring of the vertices of G such that for every pair of colours some vertex of the first colour and some vertex of the second colour are adjacent. We prove that almost all graphs Gn with n vertices satisfy n/(k+l) < ψ(Gn) < n/(k–1), where k = k(n) = (log2n)½. We show also that the achromatic number is a 'global' invariant.


One of the vital application of Emergency Ad hoc Networks is to establish communication between those affected by emergency situation and responders providing services. In most such cases, the conventional communication infrastructure such as wired and cellular networks get damaged and therefore cannot provide communication required to exchange emergency information. Therefore, to cope with such disasters in a fast and coordinated way, the optimal provisioning of the emergency information is crucial. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are the paramount components for such situations. UAVs can act as mobile base stations and facilitate wireless communication to connect to nearest working telephone network access point. A large scale disaster information system can be formed by combining UAV network with existing available network regardless of some of network lines being damaged and destroyed. In this paper, we have designed a prototype of UAV assisted emergency ad hoc network (EANET). We have also evaluated and compared AODV and ZRP routing protocols by varying the number of UAV assisted EANET nodes in different transmission range cases of disaster scenarios. The experimental results illustrate that ZRP is the most appropriate protocol for emergency situations.


Vibrations are a major problem in helicopter structural dynamics due to the complex airloads introduced into the aircraft by the rotor system. Experimental and theoretical investigations are required to fulfill future demands of vibration levels. For more than 15 years DLR has been involved in helicopter ground vibration testing. The present report summarizes the experiences and describes test methods and test facilities. Illustrative test cases of actual helicopter developments are presented. The importance of correlating experimental and theoretical results is emphasized. Recommendations are given to improve the test performance with regard to time saving and measurement quality. The work was performed within the activities of the GARTEUR Helicopter action Group "Helicopter Vibration Prediction and Methodology".


Since the concepts of switchability and individual bioequivalence were defined by Anderson and Hauck in 1990 (1), there have been numerous statistical criteria and methods developed to assess individual bioequivalence. It is this author's opinion, however, that the initial groundwork has not been set by which to evaluate these criteria and methods. What follows is a suggestion of the underlying framework that should be considered before additional criteria and methods are developed. It is a straightforward translation of the concepts of therapeutic index, titration, within-patient variability, and satisfactory efficacy/safety profile for an individual patient. Once the underlying pharmacological framework is set, statisticians can develop methods to allow assessment of the specified criteria.


A Stacked Square Microstrip Antenna with shorting post is designed which is backed with electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure on the other side of the substrate, acting as ground plane. One such EBG Microstrip Antenna is discussed with square holes in the ground plane. A reflector plane is used at a distance of 8.5mm. The air gap between this reflector and EBG ground plane is varied and its effect on the antenna parameters is studied.


The Minimal Detectable Bias method of Fault Detection is frequently employed to determine if a position has integrity. However, to provide integrity the Type I error probability of the statistical tests is required to be preset. Normally, this probability is set to avoid the unnecessary rejection of measurements or to satisfy the continuity requirements. In this paper, the Type I error probability is set based on the integrity requirements by initially setting the Protection Levels equal to the Alert Limit. This new procedure of setting the Type I error probability is compared with the more conventional approach when there are different continuity requirements and when multiple biases are considered. From the results of this comparison, it is concluded that the new procedure increases the availability rates regardless of the continuity requirements and the number of biases considered.


Background Pharmacists are considered medication experts but are underutilized and exist mainly at the periphery of the Malaysian primary health care team. Private general practitioners (GPs) in Malaysia are granted rights under the Poison Act 1952 to prescribe and dispense medications at their primary care clinics. As most consumers obtain their medications from their GPs, community pharmacists' involvement in ensuring safe use of medicines is limited. The integration of a pharmacist into private GP clinics has the potential to contribute to quality use of medicines. This study aims to explore health care consumers' views on the integration of pharmacists within private GP clinics in Malaysia. Methods A purposive sample of health care consumers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were invited to participate in focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using NVivo 10. Results A total of 24 health care consumers participated in two focus groups and six semi-structured interviews. Four major themes were identified: 1) pharmacists' role viewed mainly as supplying medications, 2) readiness to accept pharmacists in private GP clinics, 3) willingness to pay for pharmacy services, and 4) concerns about GPs' resistance to pharmacist integration. Consumers felt that a pharmacist integrated into a private GP clinic could offer potential benefits such as to provide trustworthy information on the use and potential side effects of medications and screening for medication misadventure. The potential increase in costs passed on to consumers and GPs' reluctance were perceived as barriers to integration. Conclusion This study provides insights into consumers' perspectives on the roles of pharmacists within private GP clinics in Malaysia. Consumers generally supported pharmacist integration into private primary health care clinics. However, for pharmacists to expand their capacity in providing integrated and collaborative primary care services to consumers, barriers to pharmacist integration need to be addressed.


Aluminized composite propellant used in solid rocket motors (SRMs) contains a lot of aluminium particles because high combustion energy is generated and propulsion efficiency increases by burning aluminium particles. The development of robust models of aluminum particle dynamics and morphology is essential in the design of advanced propulsion systems. The study focuses on the numerical analysis of reacting turbulent gasparticle flows inside combustion chamber of SRMs. The mathematical model of two-phase flow around a single aluminum droplet with oxide cap is developed and validated against experimental data. The model solves the continuity, momentum, energy and species continuity equations simultaneously to obtain the species and temperature profiles and the burning time of droplet. These equations allow calculating force and angular moment acting on the aluminium droplet. Geometry of the aluminium droplet and its oxide cap changes as mass is removed from the aluminium particle and oxide cap mass increases during aluminium combustion. The flow fields over inert and reacting particle of spherical and non-spherical shape are computed. Effects of the convective stream showed that a symmetry hypothesis usually used in many models is not suitable for configurations typical for combustion chambers of SRMs. Key–Words: Droplet, Oxide Cap, Combustion, Simulation, Two-Phase Flow, Wall Injection


The results of the studies found that the use of hops leaven of 25% by weight of flour has improved rheological properties of dough and consumer properties of bakery products.


IJISSM ABSTRACT Economists believe that the development of the industry sector is for the benefit of other sectors of the economy. In 23 groups of industrial activity in classification ISIC, the production and export of wood industries have received less attention in developing countries. exports of wood products have a major impact on the GDP and provide employment and sustainable development of natural resources. In this study, the comparative advantages of wood and its sub-sectors in the economy of Iran has been analyzed over the period of 1999-2011. Auto Regressive Distributed Lags Method was employed to investigate the analysis of the dynamics of revealed comparative advantage of wood industry and its sub-sectors in the Iran's economy. The results show that the wood industry in the period studied have no comparative advantage and the value added of the industry, export, physical and human investment and labor have a positive effect on the dynamics of comparative advantage in the long term. In short term, labor, human capital and the value added have a negative effect on the dynamics of revealed comparative advantage, and physical capital also has an insignificant effect on increasing the revealed comparative advantage.


Phase-agnostic coherent reception of intensity modulated and OFDM signals over loss budgets of more than 30 dB is experimentally demonstrated with a commercial off-the-shelf externally modulated laser. Wavelength locking is supported for this monolithic-integrated transceiver device.


In this paper we describe a physical user interface system for easy and natural user-computer interaction. VisualPen is a vision-based system for real-time detection and tracking of a stylus that completely replaces mouse and keyboard, thus providing a valid input device for mobile computers, and its low computational complexity renders it suitable also for PDAs. The system can be operated from a wide range of distances (either from a desk or from a wall-mounted projection panel) and is able to work with all lightning conditions. The architecture of the system is here described, and experimental results in several tests are presented and commented.


The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of a hybrid Raman- EDFA optical signal ampliflcation solution over the use of conventional EDFA ampliflers. The most promising solution of hybrid ampliflcation is supplementing the existing discrete amplifler with a distributed Raman amplifler, as it not only can broaden and equalize the gain spectrum, but it also can increase the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the signal at the output of the am- plifler and can provide higher level of ampliflcation. The obtained results have shown, that the implementation of the hybrid solution has allowed to increase the optical single-to-noise ratio by at least 1.7dB in all of the channels.


The title molecule, C21H18O8, crystallizes in two crystal polymorphs, see also Nallasivam, Nethaji, Vembu & Jaswant [Acta Cryst. (2009), E65, o314–o315]. The molecules of both polymorphs differ by the conformation of the oxomethylacetate groups. The title molecules are rather planar compared to the molecules of the other polymorph. In the title molecule, one of the oxomethylacetate groups is disordered (occupancies of 0.6058/0.3942). The structures of both polymorphs are stabilized by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions. Due to the planarity of the title molecules and similar intermolecular interactions, the title molecules are more densely packed than those of the other polymorph.


A kind of intestine endoscopic robot of resonant ciliary structure is proposed in the paper. The robot is simple-structured, driven by piezoelectric bimorph, a structure of unilateral burr surface array is designed, resonant and the non symmetry friction between flexible leg and the contact surface is used to drive the structure move ahead. The motion principles of robot have been given theoretical analysis and dynamic simulation, through theoretical analysis and experiments, the effectiveness of driving principle is proved. Experimental results show that when excitation voltage is 8 V and the angle of flexible leg is 60°, the moving rate of robot in the PVC plastic hose, whose diameter is 20 mm, can be up to 12 mm / s, in isolated intestinal it can move slowly. The speed test of endoscopic robot proved the validity of this theoretical analysis model.


Please note that significant changes to the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) came into effect on 12 March 2014. For detailed information on Commonwealth Government


Under complex sampling designs, point estimators may not have a normal samplingdistribution and linearised variance estimators may be biased. Hence standard confidence intervals based upon the central limit theorem may have poor coverages. We propose an empirical likelihood approach which gives design based confidence intervals. The proposed approach does not rely on the normality of the point estimator, variance estimates, design-effects, re-sampling, joint-inclusion probabilities and linearisation, even when the estimator of interest is not linear. It can be used to construct confidence intervals for a large class of complex sampling designs and complex estimators which are solution of an estimating equation. It can be used for means, regressions coefficients, quantiles, totals or counts even when the population size is unknown. It can be used with large and negligible sampling fractions. It also provides asymptotically optimal point estimators, and naturally includes calibration constraints. The proposed approach is computationally simpler than the pseudo empirical likelihood and the bootstrap approaches. Berger and De La Riva Torres (2015) show that the empirical likelihood confidence interval may give better coverages than the approaches based on linearisation, bootstrap and pseudo empirical likelihood.


Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on July 28, 1915. the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes. He attended the Greenville public schools and then Furman University in Greenville, where he completed the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in physics and the Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages, graduating summa cum laude in 1935, at the age of 19. Physics had fascinated him since his first course in the


Phytohormones such as gibberellins are known to promote plant growth, but it is unclear how they do this. In a Perspective, [Harberd][1] discusses new work ([ Sasaki et al. ][2]) that reveals the biochemical basis of the relief-of-restraint model of plant growth regulation. A gibberellin signal promotes proteasomal degradation of DELLA proteins, which normally restrain plant growth.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5614/1853
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/299/5614/1896


(57) Abstract: at least one conduit, in particular a flexible conduit (6), at which is supplied via at least one filter, in particular cold medium, oils, grinding water, vehicle washing water , and an apparatus for cleaning and maintaining the working medium of the cleaning tank or the like (3), said filter (13) or vacuum and / or pressure generating mechanism of the filter pad (41,41.1) (10 ) is attached, the filter can flow from a number of sides, the working medium (3) is flowing into the filter pad (41,41.1), the overflow portion from the interior of the filter pad (41,41.1) to reach (12).


In this paper we present the first REST API for the generation and evaluation of bijective S-boxes. We also present the first Single Page Application tool for researchers and students that allows the use of a graphical interface. We give a small dataset of classical S-boxes to test the properties evaluations. We show how to define experiments and we include two local search experiments into the proposed tool.


Professor Syuzo Egusa, an Honorary Member of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science and a Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo, passed away on 17 May 2007. He was 87 years old. Professor Egusa was born on 8 January 1920 in Hyogo Prefecture. He graduated from the Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University, in September 1943 and went on to attend graduate school at the same university. He became a Lecturer at Hiroshima Men's Normal School in August 1948. While serving as a Lecturer, the school was reorganized to become a faculty of Hiroshima University, and he was promoted to Associate Professor in August 1949. In April 1957, he was made Associate Professor of the Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Tokyo, and later achieved the rank of Professor inMay 1968. After holding several significant university positions, including Director of the Fisheries Laboratory and Director of the University Library for Agriculture, he retired from the University of Tokyo in March 1980, and was conferred the honor of Professor Emeritus. Following his retirement, he assumed the position of Professor in the NipponVeterinary and Life Science University and continued to educate the next generation until his retirement in March 1984. Professor Egusa studied the fields of aquacultural biology extensively, focusing mainly on fish diseases. He achieved national and international recognition for his teaching and research excellence from the scientific community. He received the Japan Prize of Agricultural Science for his accomplishments in the field of "Etiological and Pathological Studies on Diseases in Cultured Fish and Shellfish" in 1982. Professor Egusa also made extensive contributions to the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, serving as a member of the Board of Directors. He also served tirelessly on various committees essential in the running of the affairs of the Society. In addition, he served on many advisory committees under the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, thus helping to bridge academia and the bureaucracy. In recognition of his invaluable contributions to education, research, government and society, he was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 1984. Professor Egusa educated and inspired many young people with his wide-ranging intellect and warm personality. His legacy will always be remembered with fond memories of bygone days.


This thesis studies professor Li Xian-kun's thoughts of logic of language, and concludes his main viewpoints as follows: (1) The object of logic is language. (2) The logic of language is the semiotics of natural language. (3) Definition is one method of logic of defining the meaning of a word. (4) Rhetoric has important logical function. It is proved today that Li's these points of view, which putting forward ten years age and having been sufficiently proofed were original ideas. So we can say that Li's study of logic of language has important meaning to the information science, because the understanding of natural language is the key problem of artificial intellect.


Inquiry teaching,which is a new teaching method,is different from the traditional teaching.Whether teachers,students,or the design of the class should be changed.In this paper,the author explores the application of the biological experiment and found that the students have a high enthusiasm in the course of inquiry.Inquiry-based teaching can indeed trigger the curiosity of students and inspire students to do their own minds,in favor of the initiative to enhance the students.However,during the implementation of inquiry teaching,students,teachers,schools still have some problems.Authors put forward a corresponding solution.


Erect Ni(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks were grown directly on the surfaces of Nickel substrates on a large scale through a simple hydrothermal reaction of Ni with Na2C2O4 in NaOH solution(12 pH) at 140 ℃ for 24 h.The as-synthesized products were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that the Ni(OH)2 nanodisks are single crystalline phase with the hexagonal structure, and have perfect hexagonal shape with typical diagonals of 1.6 to 3.6 μm and thickness of 200 to 500 nm.The yield and size of Ni(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks are decreased by increasing the C2H5OH/H2O volume ratio in the hydrothermal system.The role of Na2C2O4 in the formation of Ni(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks was investigated,and a possible mechanism was also proposed to account for the growth.


The behavior of different mooring line materials has a significant influence on the behavior of the mooring system and, consequently, the dynamic responses of the floating platform. Although there have been previous studies on FPSOs and their mooring systems, the influence of mooring line failure scenarios associated with different mooring materials has received less attention, particularly for turret-moored FPSOs with taut moorings. Thus, this paper investigates the behavior of different mooring line materials in intact, single-line, and double-line damaged conditions on the hydrodynamic responses of the FPSO, restoring behavior, mooring, and riser tensions considering wave conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Mooring lines including Aramid, HMPE, polyester, and steel wire were considered in the middle segment, which was the segment of interest in this study. The restoring forces of the mooring system were found to increase with increasing mooring stiffness, and a higher stiffness resulted in a higher loss of restoring force in the case of single-line failure. In all cases, the submerged weight and material stiffness had a significant influence on dynamic responses, mooring tension, transient responses, riser tension, and especially on the ability of the mooring system to resist the case of single-line failure. Each material was observed to behave differently in each degree of freedom (DOF), showing the necessity to pay close attention to the selection of mooring material for specific objectives.


Introduction Throughout training, medical students are often only exposed to a limited selection of psychiatric specialities, predominantly general adult inpatient settings. This medical student had the opportunity to undergo a placement at a high security forensic hospital. With only three such hospitals in England, this is an environment that few students and even qualified doctors have been able to experience. In this presentation, the author will explore their prior expectations, key skills gained, and surprising realisations that made the elective highly valuable. Objectives To reflect on the skills learned and revelations made during the elective period and share these as a presentation. Methods The author completed a 6-week placement at Ashworth High Security Psychiatric Hospital. He then reflected on his experiences. Results This placement allowed the development of a range of skills and personal discoveries. The skills included enhanced personal safety awareness, improved use of varied communication styles, and de-escalation and management techniques with higher risk patients. The main finding was the fine line between Ashworth's patients and mainstream society, and how easily these two entities can overlap. Carl Jung spoke of a 'shadow' that must be integrated, and the humanity within each patient made this philosophical concept a sobering reality. Conclusions High security placements are valuable educational opportunities and teach important skills, not often found in the current medical school curriculum. These placements offer the transferable communication and interpersonal skills essential in any budding psychiatrist, and also provide a vital environment for self-reflection and personal growth. Disclosure No significant relationships.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel phase-based optical computing system integrated with photonic AD/DA converters. Further simulation shows that our system can perform 15-bit arithmetic operations when the SNR is around 34 dB.


Summary In both rabbit duodenum and ileum there was secretion of HCO3 - into, and absorption of Cl- from, the lumen. The transport of both anions decreased with increasing luminal fluid [HCO3 -]. The net fluxes of Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3 - accounted for the movement of a near isotonic fluid, whether absorbed or secreted. In both duodenum and ileum luminal fluid [Cl- + HCO3 -] and conductivity decreased. The data are consistent with the secretion of soluble anionic mucosubstances, of low mobility, into both areas of the gut.


We study optimal linear licensing and its social welfare implications when the innovator (patentee) is an insider that can make capacity/output commitment so as to act as a Stackelberg leader in the output market. We show that (i) the patentee's profit-maximizing licensing contract is a royalty; (ii) the optimal royalty rate is greater than the cost reduction attained by the licensed technology and is increasing in the number of competitors; (iii) optimal licensing maximizes the likelihood of technology transfer, may reduce social welfare and always makes consumers worse off; and (iv) the innovator benefits from capacity commitment, and the more competitive the output market, the greater the gains it makes by licensing. The opposite holds for consumers.


Genotoxic lesions are not only a cause of genetic pathologies and cancer, but also the most common and significant factor of the etiopathology of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, reproductive losses, infertility, and aging. This requires careful monitoring of the use of potential genotoxicants including medicinal products (MPs), which are a group of compounds intentionally and routinely used by humans. Genotoxicity assesment is highly essential in preclinical drug safety studies. The aim of the study was to analyse the current situation and reveal possible ways of addressing methodological and regulatory issues in genotoxicology to enable proper conduction of drug safety preclinical studies. The article summarises basic concepts of the modern genetic toxicology development and highlights the history of research aimed at identifying mutagenic, clastogenic, and aneugenic effects. The authors analyse regulatory aspects of genotoxicological studies of MPs and consider issues of improving the strategy for genotoxicity testing. The paper gives information about the genotoxicity tests approved for MPs, recommendations for interchangeability of tests in relation to particular study characteristics. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the tests' pros and cons with an emphasis that the study of each MP is a separate scientific task. They discuss interpretation of results and prediction of MP carcinogenic potential in genotoxicological studies. Recommendations are given for the optimisation of the MP genotoxicity assessment strategy, considering its partial integration into general toxicity studies. The article stresses the urgent need to develop registration methods for genotoxic events in germ cells, assesses the prospects of new tests, and reviews new trends in drug genotoxicology fundamental research.


The second part of this series of tutorials deals with the measurement and calculation of distortion in power systems. The measurement of harmonic distortion in power systems is almost always a compromise between the desirable and the possible. In an ideal world it would be possible to use calibrated voltage dividers with a well established frequency response connected to the higher voltage system busbars and current transformers with good response in each of the three phases. The reality, however, is different, as the only access given will be to existing voltage transformers and current transformers. The choice of how to calculate harmonics in a power system is also often a compromise which depends on the system information available to the designer and also the purpose for which the calculations are being made. The author discusses the voltage transducers and measurement instruments for harmonics measurement. Calculations in the frequency domain and the time domain are discussed.


: The introduction of private placement of SMEs in 2012 is an important financial innovation. It is an important step toward expanding the financing channels for SMEs and improving the structure of China's capital market. This paper analyzes the significance, development status and existing problems of private placement, and based on the theory of property rights exchange, draw lessons from the experience of private placement in the United States, and discusses how to promote the prosperity and development of private placement in China from the aspects of liquidity, credit rating, main qualifications and other aspects of feasible suggestions. This paper is of great significance to researchers and practitioners of private debt in our country.


Letter from Truett Latimer to Mrs. Ashby White discussing Senate Bill 16 and Senate Bill 12, which is related to the insurance industry. Latimer writes that he was happy to help White's organization get H.B. 16 out of committee and that he will do anything he can to pass it. He also mentions that he sponsored the Insurance Counselor Bill, which has been enacted, and is on a cub-committee considering S.B. 12, which concerns the reorganization of new life insurance companies. He also gives credit to Ben Atkinson, Zollie Steakley, and R. L. McMillon for helping pass insurance legislation.


A slow-release solid of miglinar for treating the diabetes B is prepared from the miglinar (5-20%), slow-releasing retarder (5-50%) and medicinal additives (30-80%).


Objective To explore the methods of human dermal fibroblasts cultivation using human serum at the lowest concentration in vitro.Methods The human dermal was digested with collagenase typeⅠto isolate human dermal fibroblasts,and then the fibroblasts were cultured in the medium with human serum at different concentrations respectively.Cellular morphologies were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining,the cultured cells were identified by vimentin immunostaining,and fibroblasts proliferation were observed by MTT assay and flow cytometer analysis.Results Immunostaining of vimentin was positive in cultured fibroblasts,human dermal fibroblasts grew better in the medium with human serum at 10% and 5%,and cellular vigor were stronger;the MTT value of human dermal fibroblasts was less(P0.05) and cellular cycle G1/S ratio was higher(P0.01) than those cultured with human serum at 2%;There were no significant difference between human dermal fibroblasts cultured with human serum at 5% and 10%(P0.05).Conclusion Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured well in the medium with only 5% human serum.


Sugar beet pulp (wet, pressed, and pelletized) was used in fermentations for conversion to fuel ethanol by engineered bacteria. Without fungal enzyme supplementation, ethanol yields were low. When commercially available fungal cellulase and pectinase enzymes were added to pressed sugar beet pulp (106 g/L dw sbp), ethanol production was 173, 183, and 25.5 g/L ethanol for engineered Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli respectively. Ethanol production from pressed and pelletized pulp was essentially the same, however, wet pulp produced slightly lower yields. Increasing pulp without increasing fungal enzyme loading did not result in additional ethanol production. When fermentations were performed with 122 g/L dw sbp and 1% v/v of pectinase and cellulase enzymes, over 40 g/L ethanol was produced.


Summary Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly recognized as an important parameter in the assessment of the morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Generic and sleep disorder-specific instruments consistently demonstrate impairment in multiple domains of HRQOL in OSA, particularly in the domains of sleep, energy, fatigue, and vigilance. Sleep disorder-specific tools are potentially more sensitive than generic tools in describing HRQOL impairment in untreated OSA and treatment effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and are increasingly being employed in clinical trials of OSA treatment. Severe OSA is generally associated with severe HRQOL impairment; however, studies do not consistently demonstrate a linear relationship between physiologic measures of OSA severity and measures of severity of HRQOL impairment. Excessive sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction, and psychological impairment are common measurable components of HRQOL impairment in OSA, particularly severe OSA, but the interactions among these and quality of life impairments measured by standard HRQOL instruments are not well studied. Therapeutic CPAP appears to broadly improve HRQOL domains in OSA, but substantial placebo effect has been demonstrated, suggesting that HRQOL impairment in OSA may be mediated by aspects of the disorder other than the physiologic effects of the OSA. Further randomized controlled trials should better elucidate the associations between physiologic impairment in OSA and HRQOL measures of interest to clinicians and researchers in this field.


In this article we present a method to speed up agglomerative clustering used in speaker diarization by using long-t erm prosodic features. A set of these features is used to decide w hich clusters should be merged. This strategy reduces the number of decisions that have to be performed using the more calculati onintensive method based on the Bayesian Information Criteri on (BIC). We show a speedup of 30 % to a state-of-the-art diariza tion system.


Objective To study the chemical constituents from the root barks of Ginkgo biloba.Methods The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated including four fatty acids,palmitinic acid(1),stearic acid(2),behenic acid(3),and lignoceric acid(4);one fatty alcohol,1-heptacosanol(5);two sterides,β-sitosterol(6) and daucosterol(7);two flavonoids,genkwanin(8) and apigenin(9);and four ginkgolides,bilobalide(10),ginkgolide A(11),ginkgolide B(12),and ginkgolide C(13).Conclusion Among them,compounds 3—5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.The results are helpful for the comprehensive utilization of the resources of the root barks of G.biloba.


Much of the literature on the economics of mortgage markets has studied the fixed vs. adjustable-rate mortgage choice made by individual borrowers. However, to decide if the outcome of such a choice is efficient or approximately so, it is necessary to explore the question of optimal risk-sharing in mortgage contracts. But because only a small literature has studied this question, more research is clearly warranted. The present article helps fill this gap by developing a simplified version of Arvan and Brueckner's model, using it to characterize optimal contracts in the absence of mortgage termination, and then exploring how termination via prepayment or default affects optimal risk-sharing. The broad conclusion of the analysis is that potential mortgage termination makes higher risk exposure for borrowers optimal.


16 samples of sesame oils adulteration with rapeseed oil and peanut oil were detected by gas chromatography, and the Similarity of chromatographic fingerprint (SCF) was applied to analysis the adulteration quantity of these samples. The Weighted Vectorial Angle Method (WVAM) was brought forward to calculate similarity between fingerprints of adulterated oil and unadulterated oil. The experiment results showed that the Similarity of chromatographic fingerprint can be proposed as the major analysis method to assess the sesame oil purity.


MRI of the fixed human brain is highly interesting, since it basically allows very long scan times for unprecedented MRI resolutions on clinical scanners. Recent work utilized T2* weighted RF spoiled gradient echo sequences to achieve isotropic resolutions up to 160-microns at 3T. This work establishes a T1 weighted MR imaging protocol based on RF spoiled gradient echo sequences that currently enables isotropic resolutions of 240-microns at 3T and depicts the complex fine structure of the fixed cerebellum very well.


2012, Volume 1, Issue 5, Pages Q42-Q44. ECS Solid State Lett. Seung Yoon Ryu Hun Lee, Hyung Hwan Jung, Kwun Bum Chung, Tae-Sung Bae, Jun Yeob Lee and Song, Jae Wook Kang, Jung Dae Kwon, Youngsoo Jeong, Kee Seok Nam, Sung Kyoung Soo Yook, Min Seung Choi, Dong Ho Kim, Chang Su Kim, Myung Kwan Tungsten Oxide Thin Film Using a Hybrid Buffer Layer of Gold Nanoparticle and Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells service Email alerting click here in the box at the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up


The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility documents the generation of tectonically produced fabrics in sediments that macroscopically show no evidence of this disruption. The fabric observed in initial accretion is largely produced by overprinting of the original sedimentary susceptibility anisotropy by an E-W horizontal tectonic shortening and vertical extension. The response of the sediments to stress during initial accretion is variable, particularly near the sediment sur face, and appears to reflect the inhomogeneous distribution of strain rate in the overthrust sequence. The susceptibility anisotropy of sediments possessing scaly fabric is consistent with the strong orientation of Phyllosilicates seen in thin section, producing a Kmin normal to the scalyness. The slope sediments deposited on the accreted sequence are also af fected by tectonic shortening. The accreted sequences at Sites 673 and 674 show a complex history of fabric modifica tion, with previous tectonic fabrics overprinted by later fabric modifications, pointing to continued tectonic shortening during the accretion process. The form of the susceptibility anisotropy axes at Sites 673 and 674 is consistent with NESW shortening, probably reflected in the NW-SE surface expression of the out-of-sequence thrusts. The susceptibility anisotropy appears to document a downhole change in the trend of shortening from E to W at the surface to more NESW at depth, probably as a result of the obliquely trending basement ridge, the Tiburon Rise.


With the continuous development of scientific research of Zunyi Normal College,the demand of the college for the information of scientific research and management is increased. This paper studied the mode and functions of realizing the establishment of scientific research and managemental system and propounded a feasible plan for carrying out further efficiency of the system.


2,2'-(1-(3,4-bis(carboxydichloromethoxy)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(2,2-dichloroacetic acid) a derivative of L-ascorbic acid was prepared by reaction of L-ascorbic acid with trichloroacetic acid (1:4) ratio, in the presence of potassium hydroxide. A series of new metal complexes of this ligand were prepared by a reaction with the chlorides of Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). The new ligand and its complexes were identified by C.H.N., IR, UV-visible spectra, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as H, C-NMR and Mass spectra for ligand L. The complexes were also identified by molar conductance, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray diffraction for Cu (II) complex. FT-IR spectra of complexes suggest coordination occurs through the (COO) as a bidentates bonding mood. Elemental analyses of the all complexes suggest that the metal to ligand ratio is 2:1. The complexes were expected to be octahedral geometry. Antibacterial activity of the L and complexes were tested against different kinds of bacteria.


A female infant manifesting multiple congenital anomalies including cyclopian deformity is described. Chromosomal analysis revealed a ring chromosome in place of one of the normal No. 18 homologs. Identification of this structurally abnormal chromosome was confirmed by fluorescence and "giemsa banding" techniques.


PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital has been developing a disaster management hospital concept since 2008. A training through HOPE (Hospital Preparedness for Emergency and Disaster) has been conducted successfully. This research was aimed to measure the functional capacity of the PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul hospital in responding disaster and awareness of the staff as in Contingency Plan. The Hospital Safety Index criteria were used as the measurement instrument, which was consisted of five group indices. A descriptive survey technique was applied by means purposive sampling method. The samples were the staff in the Hospital Disaster Management Boards. A number of 61 questions were required by interview, observation and documents identification method. The hospital's functional capacity index was calculated as 0.66. The scores varied for each group indices from 0.25 to 0.87. The highest score of 0.87 was obtained for group index of the operational plan, preventive maintenance and critical service restoration, whilst, the disaster emergency plan was assigned to the lowest score as 0.25. The mean score of all staffs about their job descriptions in contingency plan was 75.45 out of 100. Knowledge mean score of formulator staffs was 100 (high), while non formulator staffs was 69.7 (average). The core staff positioned in disaster management gained highest score (80.2), while the supporting staff was 74.7 (average). Hospital functional capacity index was 0.66 assessed in A class, indicating deemed to keep functioned during disaster situation. Awareness of the staffs, who designed Contingency Plan, were higher than the others. Deviation in awareness was also found among the staff involved in Contingency Plan. The manager level had a higher understanding in disaster preparedness if compared to the supporting staff. Keywords : hospital functional capacity, disaster management, hospital safety index.


This paper introduces a design ponderation,structure process and system modules function of the technology,information and logistics distribution retail management information system based on PHP in detail.Construction of the system takes Apache as the service platform,MySQL as the background database, uses the PHP network module to design two major parts:Commercial informationization management and production distribution retail management.The Users can understand production information,the material object reference,the sales situation,the post - sale service,the company staff management through simple computer operation at any time.Adoption of distribution retail management based on technology,information and logistics not only provides a new real - time management and sales channels for the agricultural sector but also provides a platform of understanding the latest agricultural information and solution of the problems of agricultural techniques for the masses of peasants,it plays an active role in development of information construction in rural areas.


Security mechanisms such as firewalls commonly deployed throughout the Internet present serious obstacles to basic usage of Mobile IP. In this paper we describe how IP security mechanisms can be integrated with Mobile IP to create a mobile VPN. In this context, this work describes a prototype implementation of an integrated environment for secure, inter-domain, mobile communications for an existing corporate-like intranet of a public authority. In this paper the particular architecture of the deployment scenario and the implementation of the solution are described.


This paper presents a self sensing actuator using a smart material, ion polymer metal composite. An ion polymer metal composite (IPMC) is an electro-active polymer (EAP) that bends in response to a small electrical field as a result of mobility of cations in the polymer network and vice versa. A typical IPMC sheet is constructed with a thin ionic polymer membrane and two metal electrode layers out side. Based on the advanced characteristics of IPMC, actuating and sensing abilities, a self sensing IPMC actuator is setup in this study. In order to realize the self sensing behavior, a simple method to estimate the IPMC bending curvature under a supplied voltage is proposed as a combination of voltages measured at some IPMC points and a representative vector. This suggested method is evaluated by means of tests and real bending curvature measured by a CCD laser displacement sensor.


Primary Examiner-R. L. Andrews Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sim & McBurney (57) ABSTRACT Dichromate values, or other soluble hexavalent chro mium values, are removed from cell liquor or other aqueous media containing the same by cathodically reducing the same to trivalent chromium, which depos its on the cathode as chromium hydroxide. The cathode has a high surface area three-dimensional structure which exposes the electrolyte to electrolysis for a rela tively long period of time. An electrode potential of about 0 volts vs. SCE is applied to the cathode.


The coincidence of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular disease was investigated in 186 infants and children with congenital heart disease and left to right shunts. The correlation between pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vasculopathy was highly significant. Hemodynamic pulmonary hypertension is completely suppressed by early pulmonary artery banding or total correction. Even pulmonary vascular alterations can be reversed by these measures.


The following letter was received after the authors had written their reply .—Ed. To the Editor. —The article entitled "Who Pays for Published Research?" by Stein et al 1 fails to cite our previously published contributions, in which we examined publications (520 articles) in six popular pathology journals and three general science journals. 2,3 Unfunded research (research not supported by a competitive grant) represented the vast majority of research produced by pathologists, accounting for 84% of published articles. Unfunded articles published in 1987 averaged 10.4 citations per article compared with 8.7 citations per funded article. In this study, there were 47 articles first-authored by pathologists that listed a source of funding. Twenty of those articles were funded by NIH grants. Publicly available grant listings were searched to determine the names of the principal investigator of the NIH grants listed. Only four of the 20 NIH-funded publications were first-authored by


In this experiment, a trapezoidal patch antenna is designed and simulated. Compared to common E-shaped patch antennas, designed and simulated trapezoidal patch antennas offer more design parameters. Simulation results show the Phi-polarized electric field gain to be 6.68 dB at 1.3 GHz and the intermediate theta-polarized gain to be 4.7 dB at 2.75 GHz, at D = ±40°.


1 The effects of clonidine on adrenal catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) secretion were investigated in chloralose‐anaesthetized dogs. 2 Intravenous administration of clonidine (10 and 20 μg kg−1) induced a decrease in both adrenal catecholamine secretion rates and cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate). In contrast, a dose of 5 μg kg−1 was ineffective. 3 Intracisternal clonidine (in a lower dose of 3 μg kg−1) also decreased adrenaline and noradrenaline release from the adrenal gland. 4 Clonidine failed to modify adrenal catecholamine release evoked by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. 5 These results demonstrate that clonidine decreases adrenaline release from the adrenal gland through a central and not a peripheral mechanism in dogs. This action might contribute to its antihypertensive effects.


Spindly bismuth ferrite oxide (BiFeO3, BFO) nanoparticles were fabricated by Bi(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, NaOH and urea solutions at 125° C. The BFO nanoparticles have a spindle-shaped of ∼120 m in length and ~50 nm in width. Such nanoparticles could be used in the photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye under irradiation by a 105 W compact fluorescent lamp. They were very stable and could be easily recovered by an applied magnetic field. There was an optimal photocatalyst amount of 1.0 g/L, at which the degradation efficiency of MG was improved to 72.6% under exposure of visible light for 240 min. The active hydroxyl (•OH) radicals formed during the photocatalytic process were tested using a photoluminescence–terephthalic acid (PL–TA) measurement, which were validate to be significantly affected by the photocatalyst amount. Other organic pollutants including phenol, bisphenol A and methylparaben could also be photodecomposed in the presence of similar conditions. These features demonstrated the BFO nanoparticles practical applications in environmental remediation.


The program is aimed at developing a fuel cell electrolyte for the direct oxidation of CH/sub 4/ and/or impure H/sub 2/ fuels. Work in the first year has focused on the di- and tribasic methane sulfonic acids CX/sub 2/(SO/sub 3/H)/sub 2/ and CX(SO/sub 3/H)/sub 3/ where X was H, F, or Cl. Synthesis of the halogenated acids proved to be more difficult than anticipated, and only three acids, viz. CH(SO/sub 3/H)/sub 3/; CH/sub 2/(SO/sub 3/H)/sub 2/; CCl/sub 2/(SO/sub 3/H)/sub 2/ were prepared in sufficient quantity for electrochemical testing. However, promising synthetic routes have been identified for the other acids. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the adsorption properties of the acids and half cell tests with gas diffusion electrodes were used to determine their suitability as fuel cell electrolytes. Results are presented and discussed. Also a program has been under way to develop low Pt loading (1 mg cm/sup -2/) fuel cell electrodes. The objective was to achieve control over the mass transfer parameters of an electrode so that optimum structures could be designed for use with the new electrolytes. In the interest of reproducibility, the experimental electrodes incorporated only well characterized materials; all forms of carbon were omitted. Optimum performance with H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/ was achieved with electrodes made as follows. One mg cm/sup -2/ Pt black and 1 mg cm/sup -2/ TFE 30 were mixed and filtered onto porous TFE tape. The tape was pressed into Au plated Ta screen sintered for 10 minutes at 340/sup 0/C. Current vs potential curves for both anodic reactions (CH/sub 4/ and H/sub 2/ oxidation) and cathodic reactions (O/sub 2/ and air reduction) were superior to the curves obtained with an American Cyanamid electrode containing 25 mg Pt cm/sup -2/. (WHK)


RESPECT THE INVENTION FACILITY INERTING SEALED PACKAGING, ADAPTABLE ON PACKAGING CHAIN. INSTALLING THIS INCLUDES A MINI-TUNNEL INERTING WITH A BOOM OF BLEEDING 8 OXYGEN AND PACKAGING OF RAMP iNERTING 17. APPLICATION OF INSTALLATION iNERTING KEEPING OF ANY FOOD PRODUCT LIQUID, PASTY OR SOLID CONDITIONING IN TIGHT PACKAGE.


Solar Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) from the Sun are an important aspect of coronal physics, and a potentially important contributor to the solar wind mass flux. However, despite significant progress in studies of CMEs since their discovery in the early 70's, questions remain about their effects on the interplanetary medium. A study is done of the long-term variations of the occurrence rates of CMEs, of activity tracers related to CMEs, and of the solar wind particle flux. CMEs are most directly detected by scattered electron radiation in white light. To estimate their long-term occurrence frequency and their contributions to the in-ecliptic solar wind mass flux, observed CME rates must be corrected for instrumental duty cycles, detection efficiency out of the plane of the sky, mass detection thresholds, and geometrical considerations. These corrections are evaluated using data on solar CMEs from the spaceborne Skylab, SMM, and SOLWIND coronagraphs and on interplanetary plasma clouds from the HELIOS white light photometers. Variations in the CME rate and the contribution of CMEs to the solar wind mass flux are traced over nearly a complete solar activity cycle.


The original data fusion workstation, as envisioned by Coleman Research Corp., was constructed under funding from DOE (EM-50) in the early 1990s. The intent was to demonstrate the viability of fusion and analysis of data from various types of sensors for waste site characterization, but primarily geophysical. This overall concept changed over time and evolved more towards hydrogeological (groundwater) data fusion after some initial geophysical fusion work focused at Coleman. This initial geophysical fusion platform was tested at Hanford and Fernald, and the later hydrogeological fusion work has been demonstrated at Pantex, Savannah River, the US Army Letterkenny Depot, a DoD Massachusetts site and a DoD California site. The hydrogeologic data fusion package has been spun off to a company named Fusion and Control Technology, Inc. This package is called the Hydrological Fusion And Control Tool (Hydro-FACT) and is being sold as a product that links with the software package, MS-VMS (MODFLOW-SURFACT Visual Modeling System), sold by HydroGeoLogic, Inc. MODFLOW is a USGS development, and is in the public domain. Since the government paid for the data fusion development at Coleman, the government and their contractors have access to the data fusion technology in this hydrogeologic package for certain computer platforms, but would probably have to hire FACT (Fusion and Control Technology, Inc.,) and/or HydroGeoLogic for some level of software and services. Further discussion in this report will concentrate on the hydrogeologic fusion module that is being sold as Hydro-FACT, which can be linked with MS-VMS.


The principle upon which this book is founded^ is unquestionably a sound one, viz., the interpretation of clinical signs and symptoms in terms of disordered physiological processes. For, of a surety, to him who knows his physiology all things clinical shall be added. No attempt is made to cover the whole field of medicine; as the author points out in his introductory chapter "it (i.e., the book) is only intended for beginners, and seeks to point out a few essentials and salient points in order to give some idea oi the scope and limitations of the subject." On the whole, the book fulfils this function admirably, and any criticism the reviewer has to offer is concerned essentially with minor points. _ .


This paper assesses the relevance of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the knowledge economy (KE)-finance nexus using the four variables identified under the World Bank's knowledge economy index (KEI) and seven financial intermediary dynamics of depth, efficiency, activity and size. Three main findings are established: (1) education increases financial dynamics of depth and size; (2) economic incentives by means of credit facilities (trade openness) mitigate financial dynamics of efficiency and activity (financial dynamics of depth and size) and; (3) ICT and FDI both improve financial depth and decrease financial size (with FDI having an additional edge of improving financial activity). As a policy implication, the enforcement of IPRs is not a general and sufficient condition for positive KE-finance nexuses. Hence, blanket upholding of IPRs to achieve such positive linkages may not be successful unless policy is contingent on the prevailing 'KE specific component' trends and dynamics of financial development.


A theory for elastic fluids is developed using a tensor analogous to the Cauchy deformation measure to characterize the microstructure. The resulting mechanical theory is equivalent to that formally proposed by Hand. A free energy function is introduced and the constitutive functions are required to satisfy a dissipation inequality in any possible motion. Sufficient conditions for satisfying this inequality are obtained for constitutive functions that are linear in the rate of deformation. Several molecular theories of suspensions that are of this form appear to be inconsistent with some of these conditions. A particular theory that satisfies the dissipation inequality is analyzed in steady shear and elongational flows. This five‐constant model describes a shear‐thinning fluid with a nonvanishing extinction angle at high shear rates. Yield phenomena exhibited by some suspensions can be incorporated easily here through the material parameters.


Objective:To discuss the effect and method of adenoidectomy guided by endoscope.Methods:220 cases of hypertrophied adenoidectomy.Results: The structures in pharynx nasal recovered well after operation,without residual body and injured auditory tube.Conclusion: Nasal endoscopy-assisted adenoidectomy with debrider was an minimally invasive and effective surgery treatment for hypertrophied adenoid.


Open economy tools include capital intellectual and Human Capital Manage- ment Solutions. We methodologists and process designers determinants open economy have been designing complex systems without characterizing the active components of our systems, known to be highly non-linear and variable (people). This paper outlines selected aspects of an open economy and projects I reviewed on the way to making this stupendously obvious but notable discovery and four characteristics of people that most affect methodology design and project outcome e.g. TBETM. 1. Aspects of an open economy New era of open economy e.g. TBESM had enjoyed a long continuous, and rich de- velopment over pas two centuries with contributions from some of the world's most distinguished economists, including: R. Bazylevich, S. Carnický, Y. Malhotra, J. Mihasiuk, S. Panchyshyn, and D. Salvatore. We will be examining the contribution made by each of these, and by other great economists in the following chapters. Other special branches of new economics are of more recent vintage, and none can claim such a distinguished list of contributors and background2. 1 Paper presents effect of realization of project N N115 408840 Intellectual Capital as the acceleration of development of information society, Faculty of Economics, Rzeszow University, Cwiklinska 2, 35 601 Rzeszow, Poland. 2 See: J. Amman, T. Carpenter, G. Neff, Surviving the New Economy, Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2007 Kamil Augustyn, Kazimierz W. Krupa, Wojciech Krupa, Pavlo Skotnyy, Anna Zielinska


Objective To investigate the correlation of acute lacunar infarction and retinopathy.Methods A total of 171 patients whom admitted in the Department of Neurology,General Hospital of Beijing Military Command and could accept fundus examination in a sitting position were collected from January 2011 to October 2011.They were divided into either a lacunar infarction group(n=78) and a non-lacunar infarction group(n=93) according to their cerebral MRI findings.The clinical data and retinopathy(arteriovenous crossing signs,microaneurysms,hard exudates,cotton-wool spots,and blood spots) were compared between the two groups.Results ①The incidences of hypertension,stroke and atrial fibrillation history as well as plasma C-reactive protein level in the lacunar infarction group were higher than those in the non-lacunar infarction group.The differences were statistically significant(P0.05 or P0.01).②The incidence of arteriovenous crossing signs was 73.1%(57/78) and that of hard exudates was 30.8%(24/78) in the lacunar infarction group.They were higher than 58.1% and 16.1% in the non-lacunar infarction group(P0.05).There were no significant differences in other retinopathies.③Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of lacunar infarction in patients with arteriovenous crossing signs was 1.96 times of those without arterial crossing signs(OR=1.96,95% CI: 1.03-3.75).The incidence of lacunar infarction in patients with hard exudates was 2.31 times of those without hard exudates(OR=2.31,95% CI: 1.11-4.81).④Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,heart disease,previous stroke history were the independent factors for retinopathy(OR=4.22,95% CI:1.90-9.36;OR=2.33,95% CI: 1.08-5.02;OR=2.37,95% CI: 1.30-4.33).Conclusion The arteriovenous crossing signs and hard exudates in optic fundus lesions are correlated with lacunar infarction.


Radon concentrations were measured in 65 workrooms at 19 workplaces including different kinds of service rooms, offices, telecommunication centers, and workrooms of the military forces in southern and central Finland. During working hours the average radon levels were from 15 to 1647 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3). The overall concentration of radon was 293 Bq/m3 during working hours, corresponding to an annual effective dose of 1.8 millisieverts (mSv). Concentrations of radon exceeding 400 Bq/m3 (the 8-hour average limit in Finland) were detected in 13 (20%) workrooms. The methods used to remediate the concentration of radon were enhanced ventilation, adjustment of operation time, and sealing of foundations, which yielded reductions of 47–75% in radon levels. The highest concentrations of radon were found at workplaces located in basements. Although no statistically significant association was found between radon concentration and pressure differences, types of ventilation, or foundations, the highes...


A one-step crystallization process was developed for production of edible grade a-lactose monohydrate from ultrafiltered sweet cheese whey permeate at room temperature. Concentration of permeate to 30% total solids followed by clarification lowered the ash of the permeate. Constant agitation during crystallization with 80% ethanol (v/ v) at pH 2.5 yielded almost 88% lactose in 3 hr. Alcoholic acid addition (1%) at the end of crystallization time and agitation for 10 min was optimum to reduce entrapped impurities in the form of ash and protein. Lactose quality factors were comparable to commercial edible grade lactose. United States Pharmacopeia grade lactose was also produced using the ethanol-water mixtures.


The authors of this report have provided valuable results based on an experimental study involving allograft transplantation in rats, which is a technically demanding procedure. I regret, however, that the scope of the study did not include more than the rat survival rate. A future study could include a discussion of the renal function involved.


This paper analyzed the structure and equivalent model of the single-phase PV grid-connected inverter.It proposed a modified proportion resonant control strategy,which overcame the shortcoming of the traditional proportion-integral and proportion resonant control combined with the grid voltage feed-forward control.Simulation models were built through Matlab/Simulink.The results show that the modified proportion resonant control has a smaller steady-state error than the traditional proportion-integral control and is more appropriate than the proportion resonant control when the frequency of the grid voltage fluctuates.


Deposits, derived primarily from the fuel but with some contribution from the oil are formed inside the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine with use. The growth of combustion chamber deposits (CCD) is a dynamic and, to an extent, reversible process which at any given time reflects the balance between the formation and removal processes. Engine surface temperature is the most important parameter that affects their formation and changes in engine operation which tend to increase surface temperature, reduce deposit growth. At a fixed temperature, less volatile fuels tend to form more deposits than more volatile fuels. Some detergent additive packages tend to increase CCD levels. CCD reduce the heat lost to the coolant and increase charge temperature thereby increasing flame propagation rates but reducing volumetric efficiency; they might also affect the final phase of combustion by as yet undefined chemical means. This is reflected as an increase in octane requirement and NOx and a reduction in maximum power but an improvement in fuel economy and a reduction in CO2 emissions. They might also lead to higher HC emissions but not necessarily always since there might be competing mechanisms which come into play. CCD effect on CO emissions is not clearly established. They can also cause other interference problems like carbon rap. It is not known to what extent engine performance is affected by small changes in CCD levels. There is a large variation in deposit growth and its response to changes in fuel, additives and engine operating conditions across the combustion chamber and between different engines. Similarly, the performance of different engines will be affected to different extents by the deposits. While assessing the effects of different fuels or additives on engine performance and emissions through their effects on CCD, the simultaneous effects on other aspects such as inlet valve deposits which might have their own effects on engine operation, should also be considered. The paper reviews the literature on these topics.


Adoption of renewable energy in power grids introduces stability challenges in regulating the operation frequency of the electricity grid. Thus, electrical grid operators call for provisioning of frequency regulation services from end-user customers, such as data centers, to help balance the power grid's stability by dynamically adjusting their energy consumption based on the power grid's need. As renewable energy adoption grows, the average reward price of frequency regulation services has become much higher than that of the electricity cost. Therefore, there is a great cost incentive for data centers to provide frequency regulation service. Many existing techniques modulating data center power result in significant performance slowdown or provide a low amount of frequency regulation provision. We present PowerMorph, a tight QoS-aware data center power-reshaping framework, which enables commodity servers to provide practical frequency regulation service. The key behind PowerMorph is using "complementary workload" as an additional knob to modulate server power, which provides high provision capacity while satisfying tight QoS constraints of latency-critical workloads. We achieve up to 58% improvement to TCO under common conditions, and in certain cases can even completely eliminate the data center electricity bill and provide a net profit.


The thesis discusses the European Commission's application of the full-function criteria to joint ventures based on the method of their establishment. While the Commission's practice is clear when a new joint venture is established, it has been very inconsistent regarding operations when joint control is acquired over pre-existing undertakings, thus transforming them into joint ventures. This thesis aims to resolve some of these uncertainties, clarify the Commission's approach and the reasoning behind it and offer some guidance to practitioners.


The evolution of the present tense markers -(k)kinrand -d-ninrin Tamil is considered in light of comparative Dravidian grammar. Both are shown to descend from compound verbs in early medieval Tamil. Bloch's (1946) etymology is brought up to date with new, explicit arguments, buttressed with cognate evidence from Toda. Comparison of the argumentation used in three different etymologies reveals that Bloch's best integrates these forms and their evolution into the synchronic and diachronic grammar of Tamil. This evolution is then placed in the context of the common Dravidian historical development which re-establishes central verbal functions by innovating new simple verb forms from ancient compound verbs.


Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs) are representations of the posterior probability density of the effective population size in function of time; i.e. a graphical representation of the fluctuation of the effective population size with time based on the estimates obtained from Bayesian inference. The interest of BSPs is that they allow to infer gradual changes of the effective population size without the need of a specific mathematical function determining the shape of the demographic change. For instance, a population expansion can be well characterized by a BSP either if the change had ocurred instantaneously, exponentially or logistically.. Currently, the only implementation of this analysis has been done within the MCMC-based estimation of likelihood approach and is restricted to non-recombining DNA sequence data. We have explored how to implement BSP within the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, with promising preliminary results. An implementation in ABC allows to obtain BSP from any multilocus molecular data, e.g. recombining DNA sequence data, microsatellites, AFLPs or SNPs.


The main aim of this research is to establish the algorithm for nonlinear thermo-mechanical buckling of sandwich functionally graded graphene platelet reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) shallow spherical caps and circular plates with porous core under external pressure and/or uniformly distributed thermal load according to the higher-order shear deformation theory considering the von Karman nonlinearities. Sandwich spherical caps and circular plates are made by the porous core and two FG-GPLRC coatings and are assumed to be rested on an elastic foundation modeled by the Pasternak model. The equilibrium equation system in the form of nonlinear algebra can be approximately obtained using the Ritz energy method. The critical buckling loads and postbuckling curves can be explicitly determined. The effects of material parameters, geometrical parameters, porous core, and elastic foundation on thermo-mechanical buckling of sandwich spherical caps and circular plates with porous core and FG-GPLRC coatings are investigated and discussed in detail in the numerical investigation section.


According to the United Nations Committee on the Scientific Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR which is adopted by the World Health Organisation WHO in evaluating the sequels of the Chernobyl accident the average dose of the population in the contaminated regions was very low – except for the thyroid in the nearby countries. The main contributions for the other tissues are thought to be generated – externally and internally – by the cesium isotopes 137 and 134. Relevant nuclides for the exposure as Sr-90 and Pu-239 are assumed to be negligible in distances greater than 100 km from the plant. Even for highly contaminated regions outside the evacuation zone where more than 37 kBq/m 2 of Cs-237 surface activity were measured the mean effective dose was estimated to only about 10 mSv. For the neigbouring country of Turkey und the Central European countries in greater distances the estimated exposures remain below 1.2 mSv (effective dose). These results are in contradiction to findings by biological dosimetry. Several research groups investigated radiation-specific cytogenetic alterations in the lymphocytes of persons in the contaminated regions directly after the accident or some years later. The majority of studies revealed that the rate of unstable and stable chromosome aberrations is much higher – by up to about 1 to 2 orders of magnitude – as would be expected if the physically derived exposures were correct. A further finding was the occurence of multiaberrant cells which indicate a relevant contribution of incorporated alpha activity. Emitted nuclear fuel and breeding products should therefore be considered in the physical dose calculations.


The twelfth in a series of articles providing basic information on legal issues facing people and businesses that operate in computing-related markets discusses employment law issues that new companies encounter.


Summary

It has recently been recommended that one can experimentally test the hypothesis of coexistence in competition experiments by varying the proportions of different species, with a fixed combined density. This recommendation is based on the use of the per-capita growth rate of rare species as a criterion for species coexistence. Here, I will discuss why this is not a good idea; it is argued that because mortality and reproduction in plants is known to be affected by density in nonlinear ways it is essential to include density as an experimental factor in competition experiments when making predictions about coexistence.


The absorption, distribution and excretion of suplatast tosilate, (•})-[2-[4-(3-ethoxy-2-hy droxypropoxy)phenylcarbamoyl]ethyl ]dimethylsulfonium '•-toluenesulfonate (IPD-1151T) were studied in rats after a single or repeated administration of 14C-labeled-IPD-1151T. 1. After oral administration, the blood radioactivity reached the Cmax at 8hr and then decreased with half-life of 12day, and the blood-to-plasma level ratio became high. It seems that elmination of radioactivity from blood cell was very slow. It is suggested that absorption of IPD-1151T was affected by food as manifested by the decrease of blood radioactivity in fasting rats. 2. Approximately 87% and 11% of radioactivity was excreted during 72hr after intravenous administration in urine and feces, respectively and corresponding values for oral administra tion were approximately 26% and 73% in urine and feces. 3. About 9 % and 17% of radioactivity was excreted in bile after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. When the bile was administered, more than 90% of radioactivity


ABSTRACT Transitional justice, which is typically part of a liberal peacebuilding strategy, often seems distant, ineffective or even counter-productive. The concept of resilience, to which transitional justice discourses and scholarship have remained relatively indifferent, appears useful to explore justice initiatives in conflict or post-conflict situations. This article argues that much can be gained from better understanding the relevance of – and significant risks associated with – resilience thinking in this context. Through a critical approach to resilience, and embedded within a legal-pluralist framework, it examines some of the ways of dealing with political violence, with a particular focus on the Central African Republic.


Abstract The progressively first failure censored (PFFC) data have become very popular in the past decade due to its usefulness in life testing experiments and in reliability theory. The PFFC data record the number of failures and increase the efficiency of the estimators. The inverse Pareto distribution (IPD) is useful when empirical data suggest a decreasing or upside-down bathtub-shaped failure rate functions. In this article, we consider the classical and Bayesian estimation of the model parameter and the reliability characteristics of the IPD using the PFFC data. The maximum likelihood estimators, asymptotic confidence, and bootstrap confidence intervals are considered in the classical estimation. Under the Bayesian paradigm, Bayes estimators based on non-informative and the gamma informative priors under the squared error loss function using Tierney-Kadane approximation, importance sampling, and Metropolis-Hasting (M-H) algorithm are assessed. In addition, the highest probability density (HPD) intervals based on the M-H algorithm are also constructed. To investigate the efficacy of each of the estimation procedures, numerical computations are performed based on a simulation study. Finally, a real data set is re-analyzed to show the applicability of the IPD model under a censoring scheme.


T he Covid-19 crisis is different from previous crises and has hit women and gender minority communities hardest. Globally, women lost 46 million jobs whereas men lost 57 million in 2020. In percentage terms, job losses were larger for women, at 3.6 per cent compared to 2.9 per cent for men. Employment has recovered for both women and men during 2021, but at a slower speed for women. The latest projection by the International Labour Organization (ILO) indicates that neither women nor men have recovered their 2019 employment levels. Total jobs for women were approximately 19 million fewer in 2021 than in 2019, while this figure was 10.2 million for men (ILO, 2022). Losses in employment have resulted in economic inactivity (the withdrawal from the labour market) much more than in unemployment, particularly for young women (ILO, 2020).


Low water availability and high temperatures occur under field conditions and we hypothesize that the critical temperature for photochemical damage (T C ) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants is increased by the occurrence of previous water deficit in a genotype-dependent manner. Five common bean cultivars A320, A222, Carioca, BAT477 and Ouro Negro were evaluated. Thirty days after seedlings emergence, one group of plants was exposed to water deficit for ten days and rehydrated and another one was maintained well hydrated during the experimental period. The minimum chlorophyll fluorescence ( F O ) was monitored in leaf discs exposed to temperatures ranging from 25 to 45 o C and the T C values estimated. The previous water deficit did not


The research measures the levels of happiness of expatriate academicians in selected Dubai universities and compares them with happiness levels of non-academic people.
A face to face interview followed by a cross-sectional survey was used as a method to collect data from teaching staff from different universities in Dubai and also from the random public working in different business sectors in Dubai.?
Happiness is significanlty related to the other factors. There is no significant relationship between knowledge sharing and happiness of academics and well as non-academics.
The sample size of the academic group and the study targeted at the population of Dubai city only.
The discoveries of the research give helpful recommendations to the administration of Universities to provide better knowledge sharing opportunities among their teaching faculty to improve their happiness levels. It will also provide recommendations for a developmental purpose to University of Dubai and UAE's "Happiness and Positivity program".
There is no known research that studies the determinants of happiness for academics with non-academics in the UAE.
Keywords: Happiness, Expatriate Academics, Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction


Gears, till now, are considered essential parts in the majority of mechanical machineries. Their applications are so wide that ranges from power transmission and changing of speed ratios between various mechanical units. During their life time they are subjected to continuous wear, fatigue, shocks, dynamic loads which results in gear damages or at least lowering their running performance. Replacing of the malfunctioning gear is, then, necessary. This require the change of both mating gears either through ready stored spare ones (which is normally unrealistic situation) or remanufacturing new pair of gears. This is not a direct case as gears, nowadays, are produced with profile modification which are known only at the manufacturing end. Thus, the user end has to work using the reverse technique to predict the most near acceptable design to manufacture the replacing pairs. This paper presents the parameters to be measured in the malfunctioning gear and the analysis followed that is needed to manufacture the newly replacing pair.


The traffic accident process system is complex, by extracting the traffic accident information, the real-time state monitoring of the traffic accident image can be realized. A method of traffic accident information extraction and automatic recognition is proposed based on depth neural network and intelligent image analysis. The remote sensing method is used to collect the traffic accident image, the traffic accident remote sensing image is adaptively de-noised, and the block feature matching method is used to deal with the traffic accident image block fusion. The feature extraction of traffic accident state is carried out in the subspace component of traffic accident image, and the image feature classification of traffic accident is processed by using depth neural network classifier to realize image feedback recognition of traffic accident state feature quantity. A large number of traffic video images are selected for experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more intelligent and accurate.


This paper proposes a new fault-tolerant sensor network architecture for monitoring pipeline infrastructures. This architecture is an integrated wired and wireless network. The wired part of the network is considered the primary network while the wireless part is used as a backup among sensor nodes when there is any failure in the wired network. This architecture solves the current reliability issues of wired networks for pipelines monitoring and control. This includes the problem of disabling the network by disconnecting the network cables due to artificial or natural reasons. In addition, it solves the issues raised in recently proposed network architectures using wireless sensor networks for pipeline monitoring. These issues include the issues of power management and efficient routing for wireless sensor nodes to extend the life of the network. Detailed advantages of the proposed integrated network architecture are discussed under different application and fault scenarios.


The landfill leachate in The Khajod Solid Waste Disposal Site, Surat usually contains quite high NH 4 + -N concentration, which is well known to inhibit nitrification in biological treatment processes. A common pre-treatment for reducing high strength of ammonium (NH 4 + -N) is by an air-stripping process. However, there are some operational problems such as carbonate scaling in the process of stripping. For this reason, some technical alternatives for NH 4 + -N removal from leachate need to be studied. In this study, a bench-scale experiment was initiated to investigate the feasibility of selectively precipitating NH 4 + -N in the leachate collected from a local landfill in Surat as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). In the experiment, three combinations of chemicals, MgCl 2 .6H 2 O + Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O, MgO + 85% H 3 PO 4 , and MgO + Na 5 P 3 O 10 , were used with the different stoichiometric ratios to generate the MAP precipitate effectively. The results indicated that NH 4 + -N contained in the leachate could be quickly reduced from 1108 mg/l to 40 mg/l within short period of time, when MgCl 2 .6H 2 O + Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O were applied with a Mg 2+ :NH 4 + :PO 4 3- mole ratio of 1:1:1. The pH range of the minimum MAP solubility was discovered to be between 8.5 and 9.0. Attention should be given to the high salinity formed in the treated leachate by using MgCl 2 .6H 2 O + Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O, which may affect microbial activity in the following biological treatment processes. The other two combinations of chemicals [MgO + 85% H 3 PO4 and MgO + Na 5 P 3 O 10 ] could minimize salinity after precipitation, but they were less efficient for NH 4 + -N removal, compared with MgCl 2 .6H 2 O + Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O. COD had reduced up to 50% during this precipitation. It was found that the sludge of MAP generated was easily settled within 30 minutes to reach its solids content up to 50%.


Abstract : Various remote sensing equations dealing with ocean color models (R, W. Austin, in Optical Aspects of Oceanography, eds. Jerlov and Nielsen, Academic Press., London, 1974) active and passive hydrographic surveying (G. C. Guenther, NOAA Professional Papers, NOS-1, 1985) include the bottom reflectance as a significant variable. Bottom spectral reflectance quantifies the effect the optical characteristics of the bottom sediments have on the upwelling light field. In optically shallow waters which possess a large bottom component in the upwelling light field, light reflected from the bottom can be backscattered into the uplooking irradiance stream and influence the spectral content of the measured downwelling signal. The extent to which this occurs is important to quantify simply because the measurement of water reflectances are biased by this process. Thus, any computations which are based upon these measurements are to some degree suspect. The objective of this work is to model the contamination of the downwelling stream due to the backscatter of the bottom light field. Then the model will be used to determine the extent of 'contamination' using collected field data.


Thanks to the advances in the automotive industry, the acoustic treatment of the car interiors keeps getting better. The hearing of conventional emergency signals becomes harder, as a consequence. In 2012, the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported 60 accidents involving emergency vehicles travelling with the specific signals in use in which at least one person died. Not being able to hear the sirens in a crossroad could lead to accidents with serious consequences. A siren detector could also help the hearing-impaired drivers. Siren detection is not a new topic, but most solutions use very complex digital signal processing techniques which have great demands in processing power. This is reflected in the high price. The paper presents an improved cost-effective microcontroller based siren detection system which decreases the needed processing power using analog electronics. The detailed system and the simulation results are illustrated and discussed in the paper.


The stabilization process of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers with several additives was studied in different additive amounts,reaction times and temperatures.The products were characterized by FTIR,SEM,DSC-TG and XRD.The results show that the stabilization of CaS04·0.5H2O whiskers can be accomplished at 100℃ with addition of 0.3% sodium oleate for 20 min and that the absorption state of sodium oleate includes both physical and chemical absorption by which calcium oleate is produced on the surface of whiskers.


Objectives: We reviewed the literature on shared decision making (regarding treatments in psychiatry), with a view to informing our understanding of the decision making process and the barriers that exist in clinical practice. Methods: Narrative review of published English-language articles. Results: After culling, 18 relevant articles were included. Themes identified included models of psychiatric care, benefits for patients, and barriers. There is a paucity of published studies specifically related to antipsychotic medications. Conclusions: Shared decision making is a central part of the recovery paradigm and is of increasing importance in mental health service delivery. The field needs to better understand the basis on which decisions are reached regarding psychiatric treatments. Discrete choice experiments might be useful to inform the development of tools to assist shared decision making in psychiatry.


The downscaling in ULSI devices incorporating self-aligned titanium silicide (salicide) has led to the high sheet resistance and junction leakage. Silicon implantation through metal (ITM) and pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) have been investigated to address the concerns. The selective wet chemical stripping of unreacted titanium and/or titanium nitride after salicide formation (salicide etchback) is an important process and is investigated in this paper on an off- axis spray processor. The etching rates of titanium and titanium nitride that were subjected to a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are about half that of their non-RTA counterparts. The flow rate of the components in SC-1 is found to have the most impact on the etching rates of the titanium nitride and titanium silicide. The variation of the temperature and ratio of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water in SC-1 produced different etching selectivity of titanium nitride and titanium to silicon dioxide and titanium silicide. The graphical profile of the both salicidation schemes in the active and field regions correlates the distinct slope patterns to the etching of different film materials, and provides a qualitative assessment in the absence of analytical depth profiling. Electrical tests reveal similar gate-to-source drain leakage values for both PAI and ITM salicide schemes using the standard SC-1 cleaning.


Abstract KDN-containing gangliosides GM1, GM2, and GD1a have been synthesized. Glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(methyl 4,5,7,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-d-glycero-α-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→3)-O-(2,6-di-O-benzyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) with methyl 6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-2-phthalimido-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (5) gave the tetrasaccharide (6), which was converted, via de-esterification, removal of the phthaloyl group, N-acetylation, and O-deisopropylidenation, into the tetrasaccharide acceptor (9). Reductive removal of the benzyl groups in 9, O-acetylation and subsequent removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group followed by imidate formation, gave the KDN-GM2 oligosaccharide glycosyl donor 12. Glycosylation of 9 with methyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (13) and methyl (methyl 4,5,7,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-d-glcero-α-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-...


One of the features that distinguish human beings from other living species is our culture. However, since behaviors do not fossilize, it is difficult to reconstruct the past to get insights about why we are who we are. Along with ethnographic and experimental data, mathematical models have been used to address the question of how our behaviors were shaped by evolution. This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we will discuss multilevel selection and how the mathematical framework Two-Level Fisher-Wright (TLFW) can help us to understand the evolution of cooperation in human populations. After describing the problem of cooperation by using game theory, we review some of the present theories about why cooperation has evolved. Then, we apply the TLFW framework to the problem of the evolution of altruism in populations of hunter-gatherers, considering a situation in which group conflict drives selection. In the second part, we discuss language diversity and present the importance of studying the competition between languages for helping to preserve them. By drawing a parallel between the evolution of language and social norms, we introduce a mathematical model to analyze the persistence of dialects competing against a national standard language.


This paper seeks to consolidate developments in Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) over the past decade. I conclude that we have already seen the arrival of a kind of new form of SFBT, focused firmly on descriptions and even simpler in form that the original SFBT developed by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg and colleagues. This new form is still definitely SFBT in terms of the priorities and focus of the original progenitors, but it has also left behind many elements which were inherited during the initial development from the previous family therapy and brief therapy traditions. The name 'SFBT 2.0' is proposed, to help prevent confusion with earlier forms while maintaining that this is not a new therapy but an important evolution of existing practice.


Transfusion‐dependency is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MDS although the causal link for such association is disputed. This study tests thee hypotheses on the association between transfusion burden and prognosis in the MDS: (1) the cumulative transfusion burden is a confounder merely reflecting the time elapsed from diagnosis; (2) it is a surrogate for higher transfusion intensity, which would reflect a more severe disease; and (3) it is the total amount of transfused RBC units that influences on prognosis. We studied 191 transfusion‐dependent patients with MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Transfusion intensity was calculated at the time of each transfusion as the yearly‐equivalent number of RBC units. The main outcome was acute leukemia‐free survival from first transfusion. Median transfusion burden was 30 (range: 4–330) RBC units and 112 patients received ≥25 units after a median of 9 months from first transfusion. In nested Cox models, having received ≥25 RBC units had a significant effect on survival (P < 0.001) that was not abrogated by including follow‐up ≥9 months as a time‐dependent covariate. Including transfusion intensity in the model had a significant effect on leukemia‐free survival (P < 0.001) and cancelled the prognostic value of having received ≥25 RBC units. In conclusion, transfusion intensity, instead of the cumulative transfusion burden, is the transfusion‐related variable really influencing on the prognosis of patients with transfusion‐dependent MDS. Am. J. Hematol. 86:245–250, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract The Saltwatch environmental education program aims to increase awareness and understanding of salinity and thereby to stimulate remedial and preventative action. An evaluation of the program in Victoria in 1995 revealed its wide use across school curricula, and subsequent practical environmental action in 53% of schools. Participation in Saltwatch and subsequent environmental activities were more restricted in community groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of Saltwatch's success and possible improvements.


Lars Hviid discusses a research article in PLoS Medicine that explores whether prenatal exposure to malaria is associated with increased susceptibility to malarial infection and anemia in infancy.


e18530Background: Smoking by cancer patients and survivors causes adverse outcomes. Cancer treatment guidelines recommend evidence-based cessation support for all patients who use tobacco. However,...


A visible man-machine interactive expert system which is based on COM technique and VB VC language is developed in order to mine the decision rules.This system can mine decision rules from the database created by Access,SQL Server and the data recorded by text.It can make the user take part in the mining of rules by the interface of man-machine and help them finish it according to their demands.


The models of socially oriented planning of open public spaces elementary residential planning units are analyzed. The experience of involving citizens in the process of formation of the landscape inhabited areas in the USA, Germany and Russia is.


ABSTRACT Human chorionic gonadotropin preparations (HCG) have previously been shown to contain at least 2 pregnancy specific immunogenic components (Ag #5 and Ag #6) by immunoelectrophoretic analysis. In this study Ag #5 and Ag #6 have been chromatographically separated and shown to consist of at least 3 distinct electrophoretic entities. These 3 entities have been characterized antigenically and biologically. A fraction (Fr I-I) containing Ag #6 and a previously undetected pregnancy specific antigen possessed only a portion of the antigenic and biologic activities present in HCG. A second fraction (Fr I-II) containing only the cathodic component of Ag #5 possessed all the antigenic and biologic specific activities in amounts equal to or greater than present in HCG. A third fraction (Fr II) containing only the anodic component of Ag #5 was antigenically and biologically similar to Fr I-II. However, the specific activity of Fr II was significantly greater than that of Fr I-II in 3 of 4 test indexes employe...


This paper discusses force analysis of high pier by using energy method,deduces simple formula to calculate stepped high pier's critical bearing capacity,popularizes the formula,and points out that proper application of energy method can make design convenient.


Summary After 12 days of storage at 5C the percentage of motile sperm in CUE containing 0, 1, 10, 100, and 200 μ g of catalase per milliliter of extender was 28, 37, 44, 44, and 45, in CU-16 was 35, 43, 47, 52, and 50, in CU-16 plus chlorpromazine hydrochloride was 29, 35, 35, 41, and 43, and in 20% yolk-citrate was 24, 34, 38, 37, and 34, respectively. All levels of catalase improved sperm survival significantly (P μ g/ml of extender. The concentration of catalase required to produce a maximum response was much greater than that theoretically required to eliminate any hydrogen peroxide produced. No beneficial effect of adding 20 μ g of catalase per ml of skimmilk or skimmilk-glycerol extender was found. The percentage of motile sperm after 12 days of storage at 5C averaged 47 for CU-16 extender with catalase, 11 for skimmilk, and 12 for skimmilk with catalase. The reason for the differential response to catalase in egg yolk versus milk has not been elucidated.


An arrayed waveguide grating router based nanoseconds optical switching data center network is experimentally demonstrated and investigated. Experimental assessments validate the system achieves error-free communication with 465 ns server-to-server latency even at load of 0.9.


The aim of this study was conducted to essay agrochemical application and energy use efficiency in the maize production systems in Dezful, Khuzestan Province in summer 2011. For this study data was collected using questionnaires and face to face interview with 30 farmers. Results showed that the average application of N and P -in form of P O ) were 470 and132 Kgha respectively. Total inputs energy in maize 25 1 production systems was 29307.74 MJ/ha. 53% of input energy was related to agrochemical input that chemical fertilizer in which N and P and Pesticides consisted 48, 2.5 and 2.5 percent of total energy, respectively. Energy efficiency -output-input ratio) was 1.86 in the studied production systems. Total energy input consumed could be classified biological energy -11%) and industrial energy -89%).


Clement Henry has assembled a rather unusual volume devoted to the Algerian student movement during the period of the Algerian war for independence. This book, more than most works, is a labour of ...


The non-linear wave interaction of the explosive type is investigated in non-equilibrium media under the condition that one of the waves is near the linear stability boundary. Both for the weak and the strong wave coupling case the interaction is shown to be enhanced as compared with the case of the usual explosive instability. The self-similar solutions obtained demonstrate that the wave amplitudes grow more steeply and the characteristic time of the instability essentially decreases. The theory is applied to the investigation of the h.f. and l.f. wave interaction in an electron beam-plasma system.