In a variety of medical devices presently in clinical use or in development, material is selectively transported to and from blood through a synthetic permeable surface. The permeable surface or membrane separates the blood from the medium carrying the transported species, while ideally causing minimum trauma to the blood components. The challenge of producing a relatively blood-compatible surface is clearly a formidable one; the complexity of the interaction of synthetic materials with blood components and the progress in its understanding have been discussed at length at this conference. When we add the additional requirement that the overall permeability must be high enough so that devices of reasonable size may be used and that the material has the appropriate selectivity, very few materials are candidates for use in practical devices. No ideal combination of these properties has been found, but considerable progress has been made in the last few years in improving blood compatibility, permeability, and selectivity of membranes, and in the proper hemodynamic design of devices to optimize performance. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the way in which the interaction of the transport processes in the blood and in the membrane influence the performance of such devices. This is illustrated by experience with the membrane lung and the artificial kidney. In those membranes which are essentially nonporous such as those fabricated from homogeneous polymers, flow of permeant material is generally via a mechanism of solution-diffusion. Transport occurs by dissolution of the permeating species on the high concentration side followed by diffusion down a thermodynamic activity gradient, and resolution on the low concentration side. As the structure of the membrane becomes more porous, bulk flow of water and other species, particularly those of small molecular weight, may occur. Bulk flow of the permeant occurs through the intersticies in the material's matrix due to hydraulic or osmotic pressure gradients. Diffusive contributions are usually small in comparison with the bulk flow. In both the cases of porous and nonporous materials, the resistance to flow of a given species is the sum of the membrane resistance and interfacial resistances; one or the other resistance may dominate under different conditions and for different species. The mechanism of transport and the nature of the resistance controlling the rate of flow of a given species is of critical importance to the performance characteristics of the two devices under consideration: membrane lungs and hemodialyzers. The requirements for membranes of hemodialyzers and membrane lungs share the needs of high flux and good blood compatibility, but these two factors


Support vector machine is a special kind of learning machine, proposed by Vapnik. The learning capability of support vector machines depends on the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of the kernel function used. In this paper, we construct a new kernel function for support vector machine, which is based on Walsh functions. We prove some theoretical results related to the VC-dimension of the support vector machines which are built in the space of the Walsh functions. First experimental results for face detection are reported.


© Equinox Publishing Ltd 2007. be imperilled" (155). Here, Gill supports the use of firstand second-level faith in secular health care, while he acknowledges references to third level faith as problematic. Without doubt Gill is right to emphasize the importance of trust and mutual confidence for the patient–physician relationship. However, to conclude this from the pattern of the healing stories seems to contradict the insight the curing-healing distinction points to: Jesus not as physician but as God. The healing stories show that Jesus brings health to suffering humanity, that he does so miraculously, and that he wants such health to be understood as God's sign and promise of future fullness of life. The healing stories, then, I would argue, are first of all about God's relationship with humanity, mediated through Jesus. Lessons may be learned for medicine today but only by starting out from this proposition, not treating it as a possible later add-on. In response to God humans may imitate Jesus' humble care and compassion shown to those who suffer. Gill's discussion of humility, care, and compassion in relation to contemporary health care topics is very informative indeed. Yet, following the healing stories, it needs a change of orientation, namely that first of all humans respond to God (hence, show third-level faith) and in turn receive: health, joy, happiness (partial now, fully in the eschatological future) as well as examples as to how to be with other humans—be it as physicians or as patients. Almut Caspary Edinburgh firstname.lastname@example.com


This study was designed to explore the effects of mild corporal punishment on the academic achievement of students at secondary school level. Fifty students from the 9 th class were selected as sample through simple random sampling technique. The study was experimental in nature, mild corporal punishment was given to the students of experimental group on showing poor performance but students of control group were not subjected to any type of corporal punishment during the experiment. Data was collected though pre-test and post-test technique. The results indicated that there is significant positive effect of mild corporal punishment on the academic achievement of students. It is very effective and useful in strengthening students' academic achievement. The findings of the study revealed that mild corporal punishment has a significant positive effect on the academic achievement of students. Keywords: Mild Corporal Punishment; Academic Achievement, Secondary School Students


The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of Vietnamese housing in Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, it was examined that 22 Vietnamese households in Korea in relation to their usage of housing space. The following conclusion were established; 1). Most of households had kitchen+1 or 2 bedrooms and the majority households preferred separated kitchen and living room areas. 2). Most households had a washing machine in bathroom and they regarded bathtub as not very necessary. They all preferred the bathroom with enough space for using washing machine and hand washing both. 3). Their preferred seating style was using chairs on sleeping as like in Vietnam but they preferred eating without chairs and treated large family and guest without chairs specially. 4). All of them were took their shoes off usually and preferred designated shoes space at the entrance to the house which was not used in Vietnam. 5). A Floor material of all households was vinyl on living room and bedrooms and most of them who had been using tile only in Vietnam preferred vinyl here. 6). All of households had a modified Ondol and most of them who had never been used this before preferred and they regarded as a desirable heating system. 7). They considered the kitchen as the most important housing space and the direction of housing was the one to consider when they built or buy the house.


Heterocycles are important, as well in the biological, medicinal and therapeutic fields (vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, etc.), as in the industrial and technological sector (corrosion inhibitors, dyes, stabilizing agents, pesticides, herbicides). Chloroformates or chlorocarbonates are esters derived from chloroformic acid. The chemistry of heterocyclic N-oxides (pyridine and N-oxides) has experienced significant development in K. A. AGBODAN et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 14(4): 1489-1498, 202


Collaboration practices vary greatly per scientific area and discipline and influence the scientific performance and its scholarly communication. In this study, the collaborative pattern of the Information Retrieval (IR) research field is analyzed using co-authored articles retrieved from Social Science Citation Index for a period of 11 years from 1987 to 1997. The level of collaboration, journal collaborative distribution, disciplinary collaborative distribution and country collaboration are probed according to IR collaborative research. Findings are discussed from the above perspectives in detail. In particular, this study reveals a perceptible upward trend of collaborative IR research with the results of these research efforts being reported in all major core IR journals. The inter-disciplinary and intra-disciplinary scholarly communications in collaborative researches are very much in evidence and cover broad areas like psychology, and computer and medical sciences, respectively.


Online word-of-mouth activity is a very typical index of the lifecycle evolution model of a product, and understanding product lifecycle can help corresponding decision makers with their formulation of marketing strategies. In this paper, the data sets for the online comments on various types of products are studied; based on management theory and economics theory, and by applying such methods as independent component analysis (ICA) and clustering, the online word-of-mouth activities for different products or similar products are analyzed through clustering; meanwhile, the lifecycle curves for some representative products are extracted, and typical lifecycles are profoundly analyzed. This paper aims to effectively improve the effect of online word-of-mouth information on e-commerce marketing management and decision making, and to obtain internationally advanced achievement in corresponding field.


The article highlights literary-aesthetic opinions of A.N. Maykov in the aspect of his Christian, Orthodox, national views of the world. It"s interesting the understanding the essence of «pure art» by the poet as moral, spiritual dialogue author with reader when «heavenly» joins with «soul"s fire» of creator in artistic image.


Thispaper presents themodeling ofBreakdown Voltage (BV)forLeatherite Paperofdifferent thicknesses withartificially created voidsofdifferent sizes using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).Thestudy isessentially based onPartial Discharge (PD)mechanism occurring under step-stress condition. Itwasfound inthis study that theANN seems toestimate the breakdown voltage within ameanabsolute error of1.13%for thedatasetsdifferent fromthoseoftraining datasets; however, they arelying within therange oftraining data sets. mayinterpolate all thetraining points. TheBackPropagation Algorithm (BPA)isoneofthemostimportant developments inneurocomputing andiswidelyemployedlearning algorithm fortraining multilayer networks because ofits simplicity, easeinimplementation andabove all thefact that itgenerally yields goodresults (5). Inthis paper, themodeling ofBV forLeatherite Paper, often usedforelectrical machine insulation atacvoltage is presented. Theresult shows that withaproper selection ofa network structure andlearning parameters theBV canbe modeled quite effectively using anANN.


The aim of the present work is to assess the performance of three-dimensional Double Directional Filtering (TDDDF) algorithm for detecting and tracking a weak moving dim target against a complex cluttered background in infrared image sequences. This paper proposes an novel TDDDF to improve the integrated signal-to-clutter ratio (ISCR) and enhance the three-dimensional directional filter's (TDDF) target energy accumulation ability further. Since the TDDDF do well to whitening noise (or quasi whitening noise) but not so sensitive to complex cloudscene background, prior to the filtering, a newly pre-whitening method termed Spatial-Temporal Adaptive Filtering algorithm is used here to suppress clutter background. Extensive experiment results demonstrate the proposed algorithm's ability in detecting weak dim point target against cloud-cluttered background. Finally, performance comparisons of the proposed algorithm and TDDF, on real IR image data, are presented in which the advantages of the proposed TDDDF filters are shown.


We study the formation of Faraday waves in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a one-dimensional optical lattice. The waves are parametrically excited by modulating the radial confinement of the condensate close to a transverse breathing mode of the system. For very shallow optical lattices, phonons with a well-defined wave vector propagate along the condensate, as in the absence of the lattice, and we observe the formation of a Faraday pattern. We find that by increasing the potential depth the local sound velocity decreases, and when it equals the condensate local phase velocity, the condensate develops an incoherent superposition of several modes and the parametric excitation of Faraday waves is suppressed.


Difficult airway management remains a challenge for anaesthesiologists. In specific cases, anaesthesiologists deal with patients presenting difficult airway criteria and who are scheduled for procedures in which traditional intubation and intra-operative ventilation techniques are not suitable. The prophylactic use of a percutaneous transtracheal catheter, initially described by Ravussin, can overcome these problems. Little is known about the feasibility of this technique in large series and the advantages and pitfalls to be considered with its use.


A novel method for microstructuring of metal/ceramic bilayered thin film systems based on a combination of pulsed laser irradiation and electroless metal plating is developed. The ceramic thin films of ZrO 2 or Al 2 O 3 are deposited on clean glass substrate by electron beam evaporation under high vacuum conditions. Thick alumina films are also prepared on Al plates by electrochemical anodizing. Conventional thermal evaporation technique is applied for vacuum deposition of very thin Bi, Sb or Ag films (d<10 nm) on the free Zr 2 and Al 2 O 3 surface. The samples thus prepared are irradiated via excimer (λ=193 nm) or Nd:YAG (X=1064 nm) laser through suitable metal mask in order to remove the top metal film in the exposed areas. Further, the metal/ceramic bilayered systems are processed in electroless chemical bath for selective deposition of Cu or Ni on the rest metal micropattern. All processing steps are studied under SEM and by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS).. Possibilities for photochemical microstructuring of metal/ceramic bilayered thin film systems in order to obtain electroconductive Cu or electroresistive Ni microcirciuts are shown. The method developed is simple, versatile and it could be applied for rapid fabrication of circuits on any metal/ceramic system.


The behavior that large shareholders of the listed companies increase their shareholdings is a kind of valuable information about corporation value which increases their investors' confidence and meanwhile promotes the company's performance because of the strengthened principal-agent relationship.This paper takes listed companies in China's A stock market whose shareholders have increased their share as research object,and analyzes the main performance indicators of these listed companies before and after their large shareholders overweight.It is found that the large shareholders' increasing share hurts the interests of the shareholders badly instead of promoting the listed company performance.The main reason of it is that the large shareholders overweight is only a short-term market activity.


Summary and Conclusions From the data presented it is evident that there was considerable variation in the total amount of bile obtained in each animal. The mean flow of bile per hour per kilo of body weight was 3.4 cc in the first 2 hours in 47 rabbits, 2.64 cc in the second 2 hours in 33 of the 47 rabbits, and 2.33 cc during the third 2 hours of the experiments in 19 of the 47 rabbits. Thus there was a gradual decrease in the flow of bile as the experiments proceeded. This decrease was more marked in those experiments in which the bile was collected against a hydrostatic pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. During the entire period of each experiment the gallbladder was resorbing half the volume of its content per hour, i. e., about 0.5 cc per hour per kilo of body weight, 3 , 4 hence the amount of bile actually produced per hour by each rabbit was greater than that recorded.


The first text to take a truly inter-disciplinary approach to critically examining the impacts of tourism on marine environments and coastal regions, focusing on the negative environmental impacts but also looking at the social and economic impacts.


Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) observation has been made on single crystals of (TMET-TTP)x A (TMET-TTP: 2-(4,5-bis(thiomethyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5-(4,5-ethylenedithio-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6- tetrathiapentalene), where A is PF6, ReO4, AuI2 or ClO4. The STM images with molecular resolution were observed in the conducting bc-plane, and were in accord with the results of X-ray observation. The S atoms in the thiomethyl groups are concluded to be responsible for the bright spots. The structural distortion in the ClO4 salt as indicated by X-ray analysis was observed as domain structures of about 100 nm×100 nm area, though direct observation of different molecular alignments due to different space groups could not be made.


Objective To investigate the cause of the woman primary infertility underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET),the impact of various factors on pregnancy outcome.Methods A retrospective analysis of 182 cases of patients with primary infertility due to the woman's reason row IVF-ET's divided into four groups,based on the main factors of infertility.Tubal factor group,anovulatory group,endometriosis group and unexplained group.The comparison between the four groups of embryo implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,miscarriage rate,ectopic pregnancy rate.Results Tubal factor group higher implantation rate,but with the rest of the group difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).Tubal factor group anovulatory group higher clinical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate of tubal factor group than the other groups have significant statistical difference(P0.05).Ectopic pregnancy of tubal factor group,compared with the other three groups was statistically significant significantly(P0.001).Couclusion The prediction should pay attention to the fallopian tube factors especially the hydrosalpinx on pregnancy outcome in IVF-ET.


Because the complementary characteristics of ultracapacitor and battery, the hybrid energy storage system with these two components will be provided with better performances, such as not only power density but also energy density will be upgraded, life time of the system will be prolonged. This paper proposes a active hybrid energy storage system of battery/ultracapacitor based on bidirectional converter, in which synchronous rectification and soft-switching techniques are adopted to reduce power conversion loss. Mathematical model and operation principle of the converter are presented respectively. Simulation results verified the theoretical analysis and the proposed scheme can make most use of the advantages of ultracapacitor, optimize the operation process and prolong the lifetime of battery.


4508 Background: Up to 50% of patients (pts) with IGCCCG poor prognosis non-seminomatous tumours die yet standard chemotherapy has remained bleomycin (BLM), etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) for many years. This trial evaluated a new intensive induction chemotherapy regimen, CBOP/BEP, in a randomized phase II trial also establishing current BEP response rate (RR).

METHODS
Pts were randomized to standard 4xBEP (12 weeks [wks]) or CBOP/BEP (Wks 1 and 3: cisplatin 50mg/m2 D1&2; vincristine (VCR) 2mg D1; BLM 15000iu D1. Wks 2 and 4: cisplatin 40mg/m2, VCR 2mg, carboplatin AUC3, all D1; BLM 15000iu D1-5. Wks 5 and 6: VCR 2mg D1; BLM 15000iu D1. Wks 7-15 3xBEP with BLM 15000iu weekly). The primary endpoint was RR with favourable outcomes: (i) complete response (no residual mass or complete resection and no viable tumor, and normal markers) or (ii) partial response (residual mass unresected) and normal markers. Toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were secondary outcomes. 60% RR was anticipated with BEP. Assuming 80% RR with CBOP/ BEP, 44 pts were needed to exclude a RR < 60% with 90% power (1-sided α=5%). Patients were randomised to BEP to benchmark RR but the trial was not powered to compare arms.

RESULTS
Between 2005 and 2009 89 pts (43 CBOP/BEP) were randomized, median follow up 33 mths. Forty CBOP/ BEP, and 41 BEP completed treatment, CBOP/BEP toxicity, largely haematological, was high (96% had CTC grade ≥3, 63% with BEP). RRs were 74% with CBOP/BEP and 61% with BEP (90% CIs [61%, 85%] and [48%, 73%]). Additionally 2 BEP and 0 CBOP/BEP had complete resection of viable tumour. 1-year PFS was 65% and 43% respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.6, 95% CI [0.33, 1.07]) and OS was 74% and 72% (HR 0.78, 95% CI [0.39, 1.57]). 3/14 CBOP/BEP and 2/18 BEP deaths were attributed to toxicity, one (BLM toxicity on CBOP/BEP) after an overdose during treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The trial met its primary outcome with a 90% CI for CBOP/BEP excluding RRs < 61% but CBOP/BEP was more toxic. PFS is promising and similar to that seen after high dose chemotherapy in EORTC 30974 (ASCO 2010) though with no clear impact on survival. Results should be confirmed in an international phase III trial.


This paper deals with the analysis of the process parameters such as pH, bath temperature, current density, plating time and voltage as influencing factors, on the weight and hardness of coating, based on Taguchi's experimental design methods. This paper also compares the previous analysis to one based on Taguchi's robust design idea to TOPSIS method of ranking. Attribute databases of MADM-TOPSIS are able to store, organise and manipulate both, the customer requirements and the product information for the performance of electroplating process system. The Taguchi method was adopted to determine the contribution of different factors using L27 orthogonal array for five electroplating parameter such as pH, temperature of bath, current density, plating time and voltage, with three levels for each factor. This study confirms the interest of usual DOEs as well as MADM technique, namely TOPSIS for experiment.


Abstract The fauna and flora of 63 saltmarsh ponds in western Iceland were investigated. Forty-five taxa were identified. A DECORANA analysis of presence/absence of species showed salinities to be the chief determinants of species composition. Salinities were highly variable, but minimum salinities appeared to be most critical, although maximum salinities as well as elevation of ponds had additional significant effects. The majority of the species are marine species, most of which are commonly found under fully marine conditions. Minimum salinities experienced can therefore be expected to be particularly critical for such species. Some species were shown to have a distinct modal abundance pattern with the mode at intermediate salinities. Species richness was positively related to salinities. A shift in composition of dominant angiosperms indicating a reduction in salinities had taken place between 1977-78 and 1991. The species composition of the ponds shows similarities to that of estuaries although significant differences can be seen. The species composition also shows similarities to that recorded from saltmarsh ponds in Britain, Netherlands and Germany


Triangulated derived categories are considered which establish a commutative scheme (triangle) for determine or compute a hypercohomology of motives for the obtaining of solutions of the field equations. The determination of this hypercohomology arises of the derived category $\textup{DM}_{\textup {gm}}(k)$,  which is of the motivic objects whose image is under $\textup {Spec}(k)$  that is to say, an equivalence of the underlying triangulated tensor categories, compatible with respective functors on $\textup{Sm}_{k}^{\textup{Op}}$. The geometrical motives will be risked with the moduli stack to holomorphic bundles. Likewise, is analysed the special case where complexes $C=\mathbb{Q}(q)$,  are obtained when cohomology groups of the isomorphism $H_{\acute{e}t}^{p}(X,F_{\acute{e}t})\cong (X,F_{Nis})$,   can be vanished for  $p>\textup{dim}(Y)$.  We observe also the Beilinson-Soul$\acute{e}$ vanishing  conjectures where we have the vanishing $H^{p}(F,\mathbb{Q}(q))=0, \ \ \textup{if} \ \ p\leq0,$ and $q>0$,   which confirms the before established. Then survives a hypercohomology $\mathbb{H}^{q}(X,\mathbb{Q})$. Then its objects are in $\textup{Spec(Sm}_{k})$.  Likewise, for the complex Riemannian manifold the integrals of this hypercohomology are those whose functors image will be in $\textup{Spec}_{H}\textup{SymT(OP}_{L_{G}}(D))$, which is the variety of opers on the formal disk $D$, or neighborhood of all point in a surface $\Sigma$.  Likewise, will be proved that $\mathrm{H}^{\vee}$,  has the decomposing in components as hyper-cohomology groups which can be characterized as H- states in Vec$_\mathbb{C}$, for field equations $d \textup{da}=0$,  on the general linear group with $k=\mathbb{C}$.  A physics re-interpretation of the superposing, to the dual of the spectrum $\mathrm{H}^{\vee}$,  whose hypercohomology is a quantized version of the cohomology space $H^{q}(Bun_{G},\mathcal{D}^{s})=\mathbb{H}^{q}_{G[[z]]}(\mathrm{G},(\land^{\bullet}[\Sigma^{0}]\otimes \mathbb{V}_{critical},\partial))$ is the corresponding deformed derived category for densities $\mathrm{h} \in \mathrm{H}$, in quantum field theory.


The COVID-19 pandemic, announced in March 2020, forced health care workers, especially family doctors and pediatricians, to act in a special way and to increase their diagnostic vigilance. In the upcoming autumn and winter season, with an increased incidence of respiratory infections, including influenza, precise diagnosis and then effective therapy will be crucial. We can face many diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. In the presented article, the author tries to present possible typical scenarios of respiratory diseases in children. Five cases of children were described: with common cold, flu, acute laryngitis, obstructive bronchitis, exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Additionally, a patient with COVID-19 was discussed, which in the current season may additionally complicate the correct procedure. The differential diagnosis of these diseases is presented, followed by the basic therapeutic directions, with particular emphasis on inhalation treatment.


The Insufficiency of Internal Theories of Phonetical Change: the Case of Old French. For too long, sound change in Old French has been considered in a sociolinguistic vacuum, where social factors are deemed to have no impact on internal linguistic structure, and where medieval society is seen as overwhelmingly rural and static, inhibiting serious levels of dialect contact and the migration of linguistic forms. The purpose of this paper is not to replace internal, structural explanations of sound change with a purely external, sociolinguistic one, but to illustrate the need to embed language change permanently within the community of speakers. Taking as examples two cases of phonetic change in medieval Parisian French ([e] > [ej] > [we] > [wa] and -ellos > [eaws] / [jaws] > [o]), the paper shows that sound-changes such as these cannot be understood on the basis of language-internal pressures alone, and that levels of social interaction and dialect-mixing have a decisive role to play.


TbIII chelates containing aromatic moieties show sonoluminescence in aqueous solutions during the sonolysis of water. The observed 5D4→7FJ transitions of TbIII are due to the excitation of ligand, followed by an intramolecular energy transfer from the ligand to the central ion, which finally emits. No sonoluminescence of hydrated or EDTA-chelated TbIII ion could be observed. Ligand excitation can be based either on an energy transfer from the intrinsic emission centres of the sonolysis of water to the aromatic ligand, or on redox reactions between the ligand and hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms produced by the sonolysis of water. Experimental results give greater support to the latter, chemiluminescent, excitation pathway.


Pikular (1955) determined the cholesterol content of compact bone after demineralization with hydrochloric acid. By the digitonide method, the cholesterol content of the organic matter (osseocollagen) was found to be 0-0028-0-0040 g. of cholesterol/100 g. of dry ash-free protein. He also prepared procollagen by the method of Orekhovich, Tustanorskii, Orekhovich & Plotinkora (1948) and showed cholesterol to be present, but did not measure the quantity. Pikular (1955) pointed out that the cholesterol content of the collagenous material was very similar to that found in myostroma by Nikol'skaya (1953) and concluded that the cholesterol was present in the form of loose and firm complexes with protein. Spector (1956) records that compact bone from


Host seeking inCulex salinarius studied locations in NewJersey during 1977 and 1978. The results both sites indi- cated that the species active within hr after Sampling with pigeon traps and standard sweep showed significant reduction in host seeking activity during the remainder of the night, and increase in activity noted prior dawn. The effects ofenvironmental conditions and the physiological age of the population statistically analyzed determine the degree of influence they exerted the host-seeking cycle. Elevated temperatures increased the number collected slightly, but relative humid- ity, cloud wind, and parous did affect the basic pattern. The information ob- tained from the study demonstrated that trol for adult Cx. salinarius might be effective if applied during the evening hours.


Thirty-three patients with gynecological neoplasms undergoing radiotherapy to the pelvis had cholyl(1-/sup 14/C)glycine breath tests to assess ileal function. Breath tests were performed on each patient in the first and fifth weeks of treatment and 19 of the patients had a third test three months post-treatment. In the first test, 29.9 +- 16.8 percent (mean +- SD) of the administered dose was excreted in breath /sup 14/C in 24 hours. This rose to 47.3 +- 15.9 percent (t = 6.08; p less than .001) in the fifth week and fell to 36.3 +- 16 percent (t = 2.29; p less than .05) at three months post-treatment. Eight patients had breath tests performed one year post-treatment and the test percentages were 32.7 +- 7.8 percent (t = 1.19; p greater than .10). The increase in /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ excretion in the fifth week of treatment occurred at a time when most patients were having diarrhea. The data suggest that bile acid malabsorption due to ileal dysfunction may be a factor in radiation-induced diarrhea which occurs in nearly all patients during pelvic irradiation.


Benincasa hispida (Ash gourd, family: Cucurbitaceae) is well known for its medicinal property. In the Ayurvedic system, it is used as a rejuvenating agent and in the treatment of nervous disorders. Methanolic and petroleum fruit extracts was subjected to evaluation of phytochemicals and acute oral toxicity study. Further, Anti-inflammatory activity was performed using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay and carrageenan induced paw edema in rat. Oral administration of methanolic extract of concentration (350 mg/kg) significantly reduced the paw edema ( P < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner as compared to carrageenan induced rats.


In the presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide,the chiral polymorph A enriched β-zeolite was synthesized.The crystallization process of polymorph A enriched β-zeolite and the key factors that lead to the enrichment of polymorph A during crystallization were investigated.The results show that the enrichment of chiral polymorph A occurred in the early stage of crystallization and the degree of the enrichment of polymorph A did not change during the crystallization.


The main goal of the work is to investigate the technical possibilities of creating a linear positioner on the basis of pneumatic muscle with acceptable characteristics for positioning. The experimental study of the power characteristics of the pneumatic muscle of the MAS 10-300 series of "FESTO" company is carried out. The physical essence of the cylindrical membrane operation is considered, on the basis of which the pneumatic muscle is constructed and a method for calculating the parameters of the positioning spring has been developed. It is shown that if the positional component is present in the load of pneumatic muscle then its rigidity (the dependence of the force on displacement) allows solving the task of positioning by controlling the pressure in the internal cavity of pneumatic muscle. If there is no positional component in the load or it is too small, then a positioning spring is needed to solve the positioning problem. Methods for determining the parameters of the positioning spring for positioners created on the basis of MAS pneumatic muscles of "FESTO" company are given. It has been established that the pneumatic muscle, which is used as a linear pneumatic motor, generates a pulling force which, with zero reduction of the pneumatic muscle, is 12 ... 14 times greater than the force developed on the return stroke by a pneumatic cylinder of equal working area of the piston and the specific force (force referred to the mass of the pneumatic motor) of pneumatic muscle is 100 times larger. This makes it possible to use pneumatic muscle as a loading device for brake, clamping and tensioning devices of transport systems and mobile units. To use the positioner in the tracking position control system, it must be provided with an analog feedback sensor. The static characteristic of the created physical layout of the positioner, obtained experimentally, has a quasilinear section in the range of the control pressure change of 2.5 ... 5 bar and agrees well with the calculation results. The nature of the transient process with respect to the input effect makes it possible to treat the positioner as an aperiodic link of the first order with a time constant T = 2 ... 5 s. As an example, the possibility of using a positioner in solving problems related to the need to stabilize a cargo platform in a horizontal position, in the case of a shift of the center of gravity of the cargo relative to the vertical axis of the platform, was investigated. The results of the work can be used and implemented in solving problems of linear and angular positioning of the load in flexible production systems, in executive devices of industrial robots, etc.


John Whyte, the author observes, is committed to the idea that there are moral foundations to Canada's constitutional order and that these foundations are derived from liberal principles. This paper compares Whyte's liberal and organicist constitutionalism to that of the eighteenth century British political thinker, Edmund Burke. Three themes are predominant in Whyte's work: those of liberty and security, unity and diversity, and constitutional change. Drawing out these themes in both Whyte's and Burke's constitutional thought, the author argues that Whyte has a sound historical basis for deriving Canadian constitutional practices from liberal principles ordinarily associated with Burke. The author concludes by asking this question: if Canadian constitutionalism can be reduced to liberalism, what distinguishes Canada from the United States, and more critically, what will prevent Canada from being absorbed into a larger North American political unit?


Motion sensors as inertial measurement units (IMU) are widely used in robotics, for instance in the navigation and mapping tasks. Nowadays, many low cost micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based IMU are available off the shelf, while smartphones and similar devices are almost always equipped with low-cost embedded IMU sensors. Nevertheless, low cost IMUs are affected by systematic error given by imprecise scaling factors and axes misalignments that decrease accuracy in the position and attitudes estimation. In this paper, we propose a robust and easy to implement method to calibrate an IMU without any external equipment. The procedure is based on a multi-position scheme, providing scale and misalignments factors for both the accelerometers and gyroscopes triads, while estimating the sensor biases. Our method only requires the sensor to be moved by hand and placed in a set of different, static positions (attitudes). We describe a robust and quick calibration protocol that exploits an effective parameterless static filter to reliably detect the static intervals in the sensor measurements, where we assume local stability of the gravity's magnitude and stable temperature. We first calibrate the accelerometers triad taking measurement samples in the static intervals. We then exploit these results to calibrate the gyroscopes, employing a robust numerical integration technique. The performances of the proposed calibration technique has been successfully evaluated via extensive simulations and real experiments with a commercial IMU provided with a calibration certificate as reference data.


Do better institutions help countries insure their income in international capital markets? I present a simple multi-country model in which the extent of income insurance against country-speciflc output risk (income risk sharing) is endogenously determined. In the model, barriers impeding free investment income flows between countries reduce the extent of insurance compared to the perfect markets benchmark. I empirically study the implications of the model for international risk sharing employing the following two-step strategy. First, I estimate the amount of income risk sharing using country-level data. Then, I study the relationship between the estimated amount of insurance and various measures of cross-border barriers to capital mobility and country-specific output risk in a regression framework. I show that high quality institutions significantly increase the degree of international income insurance obtained by countries during the period 1985{2004. The empirical estimates imply that moving from the lowest quartile in the index of investor protection (a country like Brazil) to the highest quartile (a country like Denmark) should improve the extent of income risk sharing from its sample mean of 2% to as much as 14%.


A does not contain antimony or arsenic, excellent stability, particularly heat resistance, light resistance, near-infrared absorbing compound having a wet heat resistance, further light resistance which is manufactured using the near-infrared absorption compound, heat resistance excellent near-infrared absorbing filter resistance etc., an optical filter, to provide an optical recording medium. A diimmonium compound represented by the following formula (1), and near infrared absorption filter obtained by using the same. Especially near infrared absorption filter further optical filter using the same having an adhesive layer containing the diimmonium compound on a transparent support. [Of 13] (In the formula (1), the R


Based on the intractability of the discrete logarithm,this paper proposes a verifiable multi-secret sharing scheme,and analyzes its security.In this scheme,several secrets can be shared during one secret sharing process simultaneously.Each participant chooses the secret share by himself,and the dealer is impossible to be a cheater.It need not to design special verification algorithm.This scheme is valuable in the environments where the security channels are not available.


There is a general consensus that the movement of electricity price is crucial for electricity market. The binary electricity price classification method is as an alternative to numerical electricity price forecasting due to high forecasting errors in various approaches. This paper proposes a binary classification of day-ahead electricity prices that could be realized using discrete cosine transforms (DCT) based neural network (NN) approach (DCT-NN). These electricity price classifications are important because all market participants do not to know the exact value of future prices in their decision-making process. In this paper, classifications of electricity market prices with respect to pre-specified electricity price threshold are used. In this proposed approach, all time series (historical price series) are transformed from time domain to frequency domain using DCT. These discriminative spectral co-efficient forms the set of input features and are classified using NN. The binary classification NN and the proposed DCT-NN were developed and compared to check the performance. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides a better and efficient method for day-ahead deregulated electricity market of mainland Spain.


Laser materials for eyesafe wavelength generation and Q-switching crystals for short pulse operation were studied. Er,Yb:phosphate glass as a laser crystal and Co2+:MgAl2O4 as a saturable absorber were found to be an effective pair for a compact, light-weight passively Q-switched eyesafe laser operation. Laser diode (LD) pumped microchip laser was built and tested.


Appel a contribution : Natural Sciences and Technology in Manuscript Analysis Conference internationale qui se tiendra du 29 fevrier au 2 mars prochain, au Center for the Study of Manuscript Cultures a l'universite de Hambourg. Suggestions des contributions attendues, for original research work stressing the role of natural sciences and technology in the following areas : Image analysis of visual manuscript features Recovering lost writing Material analysis of writing material Cutting edge t...


Modified gravity models require a screening mechanism to be able to evade the stringent constraints from local gravity experiments and, at the same time, give rise to observable astrophysical and cosmological signatures. Such screened modified gravity models necessarily have dynamics determined by complex nonlinear equations that usually need to be solved on a model-by-model basis to produce predictions. This makes testing them a cumbersome process. In this paper, we investigate whether there is a common signature for all the different models that is suitable to testing them on cluster scales. To do this we propose an observable related to the fifth force, which can be observationally related to the ratio of dynamical-to-lensing mass of a halo, and then show that the predictions for this observable can be rescaled to a near universal form for a large class of modified gravity models. We demonstrate this using the Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$, the Symmetron, the nDGP, and the Dilaton models, as well as unifying parametrizations. The universal form is determined by only three quantities: a strength, a mass, and a width parameter. We also show how these parameters can be derived from a specific theory. This self-similarity in the predictions can hopefully be used to search for signatures of modified gravity on cluster scales in a model-independent way.


The interaction of xenon atoms with the interior of the myoglobin molecule has been simulated by molecular dynamics calculations. The standard free energy of binding has been computed from a simulation in which a forcing potential was applied; computed and experimental values differ by only 2 kJ/mole. In agreement with experimental evidence, the simulations indicate that insertion of the first xenon atom causes a perturbation of the protein conformation that facilitates insertion of one or more additional xenona.


This thesis introduces precipitation design and on-site monitoring case of deep foundation pit of a metro station in Shanghai.According to the site geological and hydrogeological conditions,it makes a fitting and parameter inversion on pumping test results,optimizes the design program,makes precipitation prediction,and compares it with monitoring results.Finally,it obtains some valuable conclusions.


It is important to reinforce the toe of levee back slope against failure by overtopping flow due to a flood exceeding the designed level. In order to control the running water from the back slope and to remove the inflowing water without delay, we proposed the toe protection works consisting of two units of drain ditch. In this study, the flow velocity, the pressure on ditches and the characteristics of flood flow have been investigated on the proposed toe protection works by using two model levees. As a result, it was proved that the high speed flow dives into the first unit of ditch downward in the case of the ditch with a projection. It was also recognized that the pressure on the top of ditches bocame more lower in its case. It was understood that the maximum water stage is restrained more lower in the case of the ditch with holes. Such the effect was attributed to the dispersion of the flow.


The production of native species seedlings with quality in order to achieve success in reforestation is related with the level of efficiency of used substrates. The objective of the study was to assess different substrate compositions for the production of seedlings in the city of Autazes, in Amazonas state. Eight treatments arranged in random blocks experimental design, with five replicates were tested. The treatments were: cattle manure, lime, corrective phosphate, fertilizer with NPK, lime + correction phosphate, corrective phosphate + fertilizer with NPK, lime + fertilization with NPK and lime + corrective phosphate + fertilizer with NPK. After 120 days, the following characteristics were assessed: height of shoot, diameter of the neck, shoot, root and total dry matter, nutrient levels and amounts in shoot dry matter. The results corroborate that all treatments provided improvements in the soil attributes. Those improvements caused larger readiness of nutrients for the plants, which provided an appropriate growth of Macacauba seedlings. The plants that grew on cattle manure treatment showed higher nutrient absorption and growth rates in a smaller period of time. It suggests that cattle manure soil is the most suitable in the production of Macacauba seedlings.


The standing ground,the purpose and the profit focus of the production management of modern enterprise in the post industrialized society are gradually turning to the environmental protection.The environmental cost is the focal point of the management of a company.Based on the demand of environmental protection,developing environmental protection industry is the need of the social development,the requirement legislation and the new target market of the enterprise.


The paper aims to examine the effects of financial rewards on job commitment among public secondary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the interpretative meaning of expectancy theory. The sample consisted of 750 public secondary school teachers drawn from the three senatorial districts of Ogun State. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and types of financial rewards available to public secondary school teachers in Ogun State. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The hypothesis stipulated was analyzedusing Pearson product moment. The study found out that prompt payment of teachers' salaries induce higher commitment to teaching, public school teachers were not satisfied with the government remuneration and there was positive and strong relationship between financial rewards and teachers job commitment (r = 0.74). The study concluded that there is significant relationship between financial rewards and teachers' job commitment. The authors recommended that the government should provide a special salary structure for government secondary school teachers like their counterparts in other professions since they are disputably the most significant group of professionals for any nation's economy.


The high pressure sodium lamp is a high energy outdoor light source that belongs to the high intensity discharge lamp family. It comes in different shapes and requires a ballast to start it. The high pressure sodium lamp is a source of interference to the power line communications channel as it injects noise when connected to the 220V mains. This paper investigates the influence of the high pressure sodium lamp on the narrowband and broadband power line communications channel. It is shown that the frequency band: 3kHz-150kHz is not highly infected whereas in the band: 150kHz-30MHz, PLC signals compete with Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) levels.


We have implemented a prototype editor for a visual language where the semantics depends on layout. A high-level abstract syntax is defined, where these semantics can be captured without the need for storing concrete graphical coordinates. The model implementation is done in JastAdd, a metacompilation tool based on reference attribute grammars. This gives a modular architecture where the core compiler model can be reused for both the interactive editor and the batch compiler.


This chapter discusses a share certificate issued by the defunct Barcelona Traction company, and explores the layers of its meaning and significance. First, to the general public it tells the story of a Canadian company, with Spanish subsidiaries, whose shares were mainly owned by Belgian citizens. Second, it reminds lawyers of the dispute between Belgium and Spain before the International Court of Justice, in the matter of the corporate hijacking of the company at the hands of Francisco Franco's cronies. Third, it evokes to international jurists controversial technicalities like the nationality of transnational corporations and the nature of state obligations owed erga omnes, that is, to the international community. The chapter illustrates how a piece of paper has—within a certain epistemic circle—quasi-mystical connotations, speaking to the promises and the unfulfilled potential of international law.


"Compassionate Conservation" is an emerging movement within conservation science that is gaining attention through its promotion of "ethical" conservation practices that place empathy and compassion and the moral principles of "first, do no harm" and "individuals matter" at the forefront of conservation practice. We have articulated elsewhere how Compassionate Conservation, if adopted, could be more harmful for native biodiversity than any other conservation action implemented thus far, while also causing more net harm to individuals than it aims to stop. Here, we examine whether empathy, compassion and inflexible adherence to moral principles form a solid basis upon which to meet the goals of conservation biology as specified by pioneers in the discipline. Specifically, we examine a large empirical literature demonstrating that empathy is subject to significant biases and that inflexible adherence to moral rules can result in a "do nothing" approach. In light of this literature, we argue that our emotional systems have not evolved to provide a reliable basis for making decisions as to how best to ensure the long-term persistence of our planet. Consequently, in its most radical form, the Compassionate Conservation philosophy should not be enshrined as a legalized guiding principle for conservation action.


The article describes a five-lamp pumping station and a semi-automatic stamping machine for the production of bactericidal ultraviolet lamps. Standard methods of production and testing of pumping stations and stamping machines were analyzed. In the course of work and on the basis of the conducted research, the technical characteristics and equipment configuration were worked out. The pumping station is designed for processing simultaneously five products that will later be bactericidal ultraviolet lamps, including: decontamination of products, oxidation of electrodes, filling products with a gas mixture to the working pressure, loading amalgam and desoldering. This equipment ensures the fulfillment of the production volume for the production of bactericidal lamps. When designing and manufacturing electrical equipment, components from the world's leading manufacturers are used. The use of high-quality materials can significantly increase the efficiency of equipment operation. The latest technical solutions combined with a well-thought-out design make it possible to successfully integrate this equipment into integrated automated control systems.


The article analyzes various kinds of advantages possessed by CNMARC in working processes such as recording information of Chinese books, forming catalogues, technical processing and in looking up Chinese books. It also points out that CNMARC in thee inevitable result of the development of electronic technology and the guarantee of realizing the information exchange and share of booklists at home and abroad. 


The influence of nonequilibrium carriers on the strain of SbSi single crystals has been studied. The strain is shown to be essentially due to the crystal domain structure.


Many writers treating the late colonial period have touched uponthe subject of economic fluctuations, but no agreement is found as to the duration, intensity, and amplitude of these alterations of good and bad times. Nor has any investigation as yet assembled all the available data necessary to an understanding of this phenomenon. Since agriculture constituted an important aspect of the colonial economy, some light may be shed upon these economic vicissitudes by an examination of Northern agricultural conditions in the two decades preceding the Revolution.


ABSTRACT This paper deals with mobile-rack automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) that are a particular physical configuration of unit-deep AS/RS, i.e. the class of systems where each cell is designed to contain a single load. There are two main contributions in this paper: the first one is the analytical modelling of the average single-cycle time for mobile-rack AS/RS. The approach adopted for modelling is based on a continuous approximation, which is not recent, however, the approach proposed here for the transition from the discrete to the continuous models is different from those used previously in the literature. In a certain way, the multi-aisle and unit-load configurations can be seen as special cases of the mobile-rack configuration. This allows to deduce analytical models for the average single-cycle time for these two configurations from the one developed for mobile rack. The second main contribution of this paper is to find the dimensions of the AS/RS that minimise the average single-cycle time. The optimisation has been studied formally for the multi-aisle and unit-load configurations, and numerically for the mobile-rack configuration.


Abstract : This volume, along with two companion volumes, is intended for use in the junior officer leadership course of the Women's Army Corps. The present volume, in addition to providing an overall orientation to the products related to the WAC junior officer leadership course, also contains questions for classroom discussion, role-playing practical exercises for classroom use, and an instructor's guide for role-playing.


These two cases (see also the A case, UVA-BP-0411) transport students to the tumultuous shores of Colombia. Students must grapple with the paradox that the Colombian economy was a shining star in Latin America, according to a number of measures, while the country was perched on an unstable political foundation. The A case examines the economic-reform process in a Latin American context. By the mid-1990s, economic reforms had transitioned the Colombian economy from being inwardly focused to being integrated into the global economy, the so-called Apertura Economica. The macroeconomic, microeconomic, and institutional reforms toward this end are examined in detail. The relative economic stability analyzed in the A case gives way to economic hardship in the B case when the unstable political situation surges to the fore. The social strife caused by interest groups that have perpetuated civil war and relied on the drug trade to finance their positions becomes a formidable challenge by the close of the twentieth century. These cases are intended for use in courses covering the political economy and the process of economic reform.


Chinese Academy of Engineering academician-Wang Wenxing is a well-known environmental chemist,and is one of the main founders and leaders for Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES).He has engaged in scientific research for 56 years and has made superexcellent contributions in atmospheric environmental chemistry,atmospheric acid deposition,environment chemical dynamics,atmospheric pollutions source and its emission,as well as other research filds.He was charged with national scientific and technological 5 years plan continually from"Sixth Five-Year Plan"to"Ninth Five-Year Plan".He contribute a major breakthrough in environmental chemistory,especially in air poiiution chemistory and acid deposition observation and experiment.His achivements have been awarded the first,second and third prizes of National Scientific and Technological Progress,as well as provincial and ministerial level awards.Wang Wenxing is a respectable,great leaming and strictness academician in scientific studies,and he is very concerned about the young schorlars' research and living.He has cultivated a large number of young scientists and gained considerable admiration and love in decades'years.On August 26,2008,the author made a special interview on academician Wang's educational experience and scholar spirit accompanied by researcher Gao Qingxian at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.


Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus(DM) complicated with hepatic abscesses.Methods:15 cases of DM complicated with hepatic abscesses were analyzed retrospectively.Results:DM complicated with hepatic abscesses often happened in right lobe of liver.Unsatisfied control of blood sugar and biliary diseases were main causes of this disorder(40%).It's easy to misdiagnose the disorder for the atypical chinical features of it.Abdominal B-ultrasonography was the first-selected method in the diagnosis(92.9%).The effective rate of treatment was high(93.3%).Conclusion:Early diagnosis was the key to improve the prognosis of this disorder.Anti-infection,dealing with abscesses,control of blood sugar and supportive treatment were all effective for treating.


Automated design of integrated circuits can be thought of as a hierarchy of transformations, starting from a high level description and ending with a set of mask specifications to effect actual fabrication. The delineation of intermediate descriptive levels and the transformational techniques used at each stage are collectively referred to as a design methodology. Synthesis is an important aspect of the methodology, since more design detail must be added at each stage, and an initial specification can lead to many specific implementations.
This present work concerns methods of data path synthesis for instruction set processors. This type of processor is viewed as a collection of data path operators, interconnected via unidirectional buses. The theory of directed graphs is used to examine several interconnection schemes in order to characterize and reinforce our intuitive notion of design style. Enumeration algorithms are developed to establish a set of connectivity structures. Programs are implemented to synthesize interconnections, and to extract graph-theoretic properties from the generated designs. We show how these synthesis and extraction ideas form the basis of a design methodology for complex integrated circuits.
The 6502 (MOS Technology) microprocessor is explored as a practical and substantial example to exercise the proposed design tools. The resulting machine organization and performance compare favorably to the commercially available device. Selecting from predefined functional blocks and connection schemes produces a design which is within a factor of 1.7 of the existing custom design methods, using area x time as the metric. We show how local search techniques can be applied to this initial solution for further improvement.
Producing a custom implementation of an existing architecture requires that the majority of effort be expended for physical design. We believe that a library of reusable physical images, coupled with our methodology, would result in a reduction factor of two to five in design effort. The encapsulation of functional blocks into reusable images would not preclude the use of custom techniques, so that the advantages of human ingenuity would not have to be sacrificed.


With the increase in the number of English speakers, English education has taken an important place in every country and all grade levels. English writing is a critical part of English teaching. By summarizing the traditional writing teaching method, we believe that the drawback is that it is difficult to balance the relationship between acquiring basic knowledge and improving motivation, so new teaching methods need to be explored. With the development of technology, more technological tools will be available in the future teaching, and virtual reality technology is one of them. This paper argues that the factors causing English writing problems include both vocabulary and learning motivation, and also uses the literature review method to conclude that virtual reality technology can be used in teaching English writing through constructivism, Experiential Learning Theory, Situated Cognition to solve basic vocabulary problems and improve learners' motivation. Through virtual reality education, a new student-centered approach to teaching writing that facilitates students' creative thinking and observation skills can be established.


We present femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopic studies of a pseudogap (PG) along with the superconducting (SC) gap in an overdoped iron pnictide Ca(Fe0.927Co0.073)2As2. It is seen that the temperature evolution of the photo-excited quasiparticle (QP) relaxation dynamics, coherently excited A1g-symmetric optical phonon and two acoustic phonon dynamics behave anomalously in the vicinity of the superconducting transition temperature . A continuous change in the sign of the experimentally measured transient differential reflectivity signal at the zero time delay between the pump and probe pulses at a temperature of is inferred as an evidence of the emergence of the PG phase around that temperature. This behavior is independent of the pump photon energy and occurs for crystals without the spin density wave phase transition.


The objectives of the research were to discover the implementation of scientific approach in science learning, to discover the description of the students' learning interests on the implementation of scientific approach in science learning on learning interest. The research 'was quantitative which was conducted at SDN 170 Lembang in Pinrang District with pretest and posttest only control group design. The subject of the research were 16 students in experiment class and 16 students in control class chosen by using cluster sampling. Techniques and instruments used in data collection were questionnaire, instrument validity and reliability. The data of the research were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analysis. The data of the research showed that learning by using scientific approach gave positive influence on learning interest because scientific approach employed the principles: (1) centered to the students, (2) develop the students' creativities, (3) created fun and challenging condition, (4) contain values, ethics, esthetic, logic, and kinesthetic, and (5) provided various learning experiences through the implementation of various learning strategies and methods which were fun, contextual, effective, effective, efficient, and meaningful.
Keywords: implementation of scientific approach science learning interest


This article introduces a new variable into the study of the medical profession in Mexico. It argues that international influence, represented by the Rockefeller Foundation, is crucial to an understanding of the nature and behavior of the medical profession. Based on a detailed analysis of the fellowship program established by the Rockefeller Foundation for Mexican doctors, the article shows that the Mexican medical profession depends academically on patterns established in the United States, maintains certain elitist traits which separate it from the national medical problem and acquires its legitimacy through the scientific complicity of the international sphere. This argument is supported by different sources of information, particularly the correspondence and documents from the Rockefeller Foundation archives in New York which have been analyzed


This paper elaborates the necessity of strengthening the regulation of college three funds expenditure management.Then the paper analyzes the problems and reasons of the college three funds" expenditure management.Therefore,the paper puts forward the countermeasures of strengthening the regulation of college "three funds" expenditure management.They are as follows:strengthen financial regulations and make better control in advance;perfect the system of financial reimbursement,strengthen mid-event control;implement the accountability system,improve post-action control.


Abstract : The momentumless wake of a slender propeller-driven model in a wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 63000 (based upon diameter) is examined using the hot-wire anemometer. Measurements of the mean flow field including swirl are presented, as well as measurements of the turbulent intensity and Reynolds stress within the first 20 diameters behind the model. The data are compared with a previous experiment at a similar Reynolds number using a blunt body and a high-speed jet as the propulsion source. A theoretical model of the flow is presented which describes the flow quite well, at one location.


The aim of this article is to explore the development of theories on transsexualism with a view to advancing a typology of theories of transsexualism. This typology exposes a general shift from concerns with `authenticity' (the transsexual as a `real' woman or man) to issues of `performativity' (the transsexual as hyperbolic enactment of gender). I will argue it is through a displacement of psychology with sociology as the major lens through which transsexualism is theorized that such a shift from authenticity to performativity is effected. The final typology considers the notion of transgression (rendering the modern two-gender system obsolete). The article argues that whilst transgression may be possible, it is not guaranteed by all forms of transsexualism.


This research is intended to annotate functions of the molecules from high-throughput experimental data produced in the study of pathogenic plasmodium molecular mechanism.J2EE,MySQL,MVC architecture,Web Services and Hibernate techniques were applied to construct a secondary database(PlasmoFADB).Fisher's exact test was utilized for enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and Pathway.Graphviz tool was used to provide a graphic description for protein-protein interaction.The PlasmoFADB provides a variety of molecular annotation types and displays the annotation results of Gene Ontology,Pathway and PPI with graphic interface.The establishment of the database is a valuable tool to understand the gene functions,signaling pathway in pathogenic plasmodium and helpful for its malaria vaccine antigen screening.


s Presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists on 15th December 2016 at the Leeds Institute of Medical Education, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom The Conrad Lewin Prize for the best presentation by a young Member was awarded to Mohammad Turki for the poster presentation "Langer's axillary arch, a rare variant, and prevalence among Caucasians: A case study". ABDEL MEGUID EIMAN, AMY DORAN, AND MARK WORTHINGTON Centre of Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom. Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast United Kingdom Anatomical study of the arterial supply of the extrahepatic biliary


The clinical symptoms of functional constipation in the elderly are more unique which represents as over concern about their bowel movement, excessive straining and worse feelings to the constipation. The intestinal physiological function declining with age, reductions of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, neuronal degeneration and injured contractibility of intestinal smooth cells are enrolled in the pathogenesis of functional constipation. More attention should be paid to drug interactions and adverse effects in clinical practice due to more underlying disease and concomitant medication in the elderly.

Key words:
Constipation; Gastrointestinal motility


Long term drug addiction should lead to cerebral structure and function's injury. The voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging technique were employed to investigate brain's variation ever-increasingly in these years. We summarized research results concerning drug addicts' cerebral structural and functional difference and proposed addictive neural mechanism's development potential exploringly in this study.


The decade began on a relatively quiet note on the Truth in Lending1 front. While the industry further digested the changes made to Regulation Z pursuant to the Fair Credit and Charge Card Disclosure Act of 1988 ("FCCCDA")2 and the Home Equity Loan Consumer Protection Act of 1988 ("HELCPA"),3 the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") made minor changes to Regulation Z4 and incorporated major revisions to the Official Staff Commentary on Regulation Z ("Commentary"),5 explaining the regulatory implementation of the FCCCDA and the HELCPA.


Enterovirus cultures were performed on specimens submitted from institutions and physicians in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia during 1980 and 1981 for the months of June through November. The overall positive enterovirus culture rate was 9.4% in 1980 and 7.5% in 1981. Peaks occurred in August of both years: 27.1% and 13.1%, respectively. Forty-eight percent of patients with positive enterovirus cultures had clinical histories of aseptic meningitis. The predominant enterovirus isolated was echovirus.


Although rapid aging of popularity causes serious traffic problem in Japan, only few studies have been conducted to investigate elderly drivers' behavior especially on expressway. The authors' statistical analysis of accident records on expressway in past five years showed that (1) toll 2 barriers (TBs) are highly accident-prone (2) a typical pattern of elderlies' accidents is significantly different to that of non-elderlies' on TBs; while characteristic pattern of elderlies' accidents is "side-by-side collision cause d by drivers' lack of scanning for checking safety of backside", that of non-elderlies' is "rear-end-collision caused by eye glance behavior while driving at TB gate". However, whereas accident records analysis gives approximate information about elderlies' accidents, it gives no detailed information about traffic environment or drivers' behavior. Therefore, in this study, to know detailed information about traffic environment on TBs, the authors analyzed 845 vehicle trajectories on an accident-prone TB using video-based approach and detected potentially dangerous spots where traffic conflicts frequently occur. Then, to know how elderly drivers behave at the detected spots, the authors performed an experiment in real traffic conditions using 40 subjects (26 elder lies and 14 non-elderlies). In the authors' study, they let each subject drive the expressway including the TB and measured his driving behavior using multiple sensors (eye camera, video camera, etc.). After finished driving, to know how each subject perceived risk while driving, the authors interviewed each subject by showing videos of his own driving behavior recorded in the experiment. As a behavioral approach, the authors evaluated and scored each subject's safe driving skill for preventing accidents based on driving instructors' knowledge using measured sensor data. The result of driving behavior evaluation was that elderlies' safe driving skill score at the potentially dangerous spots on the TB is significantly lower than that of non-elderlies'. In addition, to know why elderlies ' behave riskily on the TB, the authors analyzed subjects' interview data and evaluate each subject's risk perception ability (psychological approach) . The evaluation result of risk perception ability shows that even at the potentially dangerous spots on the TB where traffic conflicts frequently occur, elderlies' could not perceive risk appropriately .


The top of the carrier piles is made of dry concrete and hard filler and compressed by pile hammer,the body of the pile is made of reinforced concrete,it can raise its bearing strength by compressing the soil and enlarging the head of the pile,this kind of pile has several advantages such as shorten the construction period,lower the cost and environment protection.The construction technology is relatively very simple,it is very fit for the constructions in the soft soil area.Because of all the advantages it can be predicted that the future of this pile will be very bright.


KEY POINTS
A 13-year-old girl was assessed at our eye care clinic after being struck in the left eye by a badminton shuttlecock. She was not wearing protective eyewear at the time of injury. Visual acuity in the patient's left eye was hand motion and her intraocular pressure (IOP) was 19 (normal


In this paper, the use of Goal Structuring Notation for an EMC Assurance Case is explored for the first time. Over the years, Goal Structuring Notation has become the standardized notation for so-called Safety Assurance Cases and has a large supporting community. Use of Goal Structuring Notation for the technical documentation related to compliance to the EMC Directive leads to argumentation in a clearer format than plain text. The basic elements of Goal Structuring Notation are explained and applied to two EMC-related use-cases: (i) a generic EMC assurance case for equipment that can be tested in an EMC test lab and (ii) the specific case of large machines, for which in-situ testing is often the only economically viable option.


With acid, alcohol tail was added into 0.26 g / L ethanol solution of ethyl caproate(15%), the alcohol was stored at 22℃ for 75 days, then test periodically(0days/15days/45days/75days) assay solution changes in ethyl acetate content. The results showed that acid and alcohol tail can make low concentration of ethanol solution of ethyl caproate content increased. Compared with wine tail, acid effects on low concentration of ethanol in ethyl acetate content more useful. Enhance the acidic environment during the storage period, will definately bring the effect that content under conditions of low concentrations of ethanol, ethyl caproate get increased.


We prove that the non-CM Q-abelian surfaces whose endomorphism algebra is a quaternion algebra are parametrized, up to isogeny, by the rational points of the quotient of certain Shimura curves by the group of their Atkin-Lehner involutions.


This paper covers a brief history of M&V in the United States, an overview of M&V Methods, a cost benefit analysis, and cost-reduction and M&V sampling strategies.


Effect of anti-microbial agents, such as alcohol, garlic, chitosan, K-sorbate, mustard, or pasteurization on the quality of traditional kochujang was investigated during storage at for 24 weeks. The pH of kochujang decreased during storage and titratable acidity changed little in the group of mustard and garlic addition. Reducing sugar increased during storage, with higher values for K-sorbate of alcohol added groups than the other groups. Alcohol contents increased during storage with higher values in control or chitosan added group. Amino nitrogen contents of kochujang decreased gradually during storage and were lower in control or chitosan added group. Ammonia nitrogen contents were lower in alcohol, garlic, K-sorbate or mustard added kochujang. The content of total free amino acid increased slightly during storage and were higher in pasteurized, garlic or alcohol added kochujang. After 24 weeks of storage, the results of sensory evaluation showed K-sorbate, garlic or alcohol added kochujang were more acceptable than control in the sense of taste.


Because atmospheric attenuation ;s greater for EHF frequencies than lower frequencies, it is necessary to design EHF satellite constellations so that the minimum elevation angles of the ground station antennas are larger than for satellite communication links using lower frequencies. The need for larger elevation angles reduces the coverage provided by geosynchronous equatorial satellites. This paper examines how the size of the polar regions not receiving adequate EHF coverage varies with the number of equally spaced equatorial satellites. The suitabilities of 24 hour Tundra, 12 hour Molniya, and six hour circular orbits for providing the missing coverage are then examined. The geographical location requirements for ground stations which link these satellites into global communication networks are analyzed. Three standard small satellite launch vehicles (SSLVs) can launch either three 12 hour Molniya satellites or six circular orbit satellites. While three Molniya satellites complete coverage of the northern hemisphere, six circular orbit satellites complete coverage of the entire globe. Finally, ground station location is shown to be critical for networking Molniya constellations, while circular orbit constellations offer the use of existing defense communication system architecture EHF terminals.


Urban modernization is a comprehensive reflection of urban's diathesis.The evaluation of urban modernization is one of the most valid method to measure a city's comprehensive ability of competition.Based on the concept of urban modernization,an index system and mathematics model that evaluates urban modernization more accurately was tried.Adopting the AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for comprehensive evaluation and dynamic analysis on the level of urban modernization in Huhhot was adopted.Since 1990,the level of urban modernization in Huhhot has been in up-trend,but the total level is still low,it is on an interim phases between the seedtime and the phase of realizing modernization basically.


A new coupling direct between the source and the load to yield two additional transmission zeros. A general method is presented for synthesizing microwave filter with source-load cross coupling. The equivalent circuit of the low-pass prototype of a general lossless coupled resonator filter is proposed, and the corresponding transfer function t(s) is derived. Then, two novel hexagonal open-loop quasi-elliptic resonator microstrip filters are designed, one symmetric and the other asymmetric, are designed and simulated. Compared with the conventional cross coupling filter, the proposed filter of two pole hexagonal open-loop resonator filter acquires more than 27.5% size reduction and provides an improved selectivity by a relatively small band-width.


According to Harrington (1994) "Measurement is the first step that leads to control and eventually to improvement. If you can't measure something, you can't understand it. If you can't understand it, you can't control it. And if you can't control it you can't improve it". In this LPGR (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization and Recession) generation, measurement of supply chain performance which differs from firm to firm is a backbone to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of any manufacturing firm to be competitive in global business scenario. Sourcing costs represent 40 to 80 percent of the cost of goods sold, and 30 to 50 percent of revenues – a ratio that has remained constant in most industries for many years. Therefore it is highly essential to save a single percentage of sourcing cost, which will reflect the manufacturing firm's revenue (Chopra and Meindl, 2003). In the light of the above view-points, the immediate research question that this paper attempts to answer is: which critical factors contribute significantly to the supply chain activities in a manufacturing firm? This paper has been penned down a quantitative approach with an aim to extract various influential factors affecting the supply chain performance in Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC), Ranchi, which is the case manufacturing firm for our study. Reviewing the literatures on supply chain activities in manufacturing organizations, this paper first brings out a number of key factors contributing to the supply chain performance. Based on these factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the different manufacturing departments. An analysis of the responses to the questionnaire survey, together with the use of principal component analysis and factor analysis, helped in framing five constructs: decentralization of functional activity, fixed group of suppliers, production and logistics, production and procurement and Focus to customer.


Earthen architecture has a significant share in the world's fund of both residential architecture and cultural heritage. It provides a home to more than half of the world's population and can be found in seismically active areas. Empirically acquired knowledge on building with rammed earth (RE) has usually been passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth, with no written scientific grant for the load-bearing capacity and resistance of structural elements. Today, many countries still do not have standards for the design of RE structures. In the development of new as well as existing design standards, the results of experimental research play a significant role. The focus of this study was on unstabilized RE, which is locally available material with low embodied energy. This paper elaborates experimental campaigns, within which meticulous techniques were employed to provide new knowledge on RE for use in earthquake-prone areas. Furthermore, this paper includes: (i) ranges of values of mechanical properties determined on RE specimens from all over the world; (ii) a comparative summary of experimental research conducted on walls and buildings to assess their seismic performance; (iii) an overview of standards and testing methods used in experiments; and (iv) recommendations for further research.


Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires a systematic approach and dynamic evaluation of results. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) is used to describe and measure the extent ofhealth disorders in children with CP. This classification allows to unify of identification of an individual profile of functioning of the child taking into account environmental and personal factors, to estimate changes of disorders of health in the course of rehabilitation. However, at the moment there are no clear quantitative criteria that allow using ICF-CY to determine the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of patients with CP, which is relevant in clinical practice and research.
The aim is to develop a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of children with CP based on the use of ICF-CY.
Materials and methods. The study included 29 patients (mean age 5.4±1.05) with various forms of CP, who received medical rehabilitation courses in the hospital and polyclinic for 12 months. All patients, in addition to general physical and clinical neurological examination, were tested before and after rehabilitation courses using specialized questionnaires and scales, as well as evaluated using a brief core set of ICF-CY for children/youth with CP. Groups of patients with and without improvement in the first stage of the study were identified using expert evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed criterion for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation are calculated at the second stage. The degree of consistency of experts' opinions and the developed evaluation criterion is analyzed.
Results. The rehabilitation effect was determined on the basis of the dynamics of domain assessments on the components of the ICF-CY "functions", "activities and participation" 12 months after the beginning of rehabilitation. The criterion of improvement is the positive dynamics of the child's condition in at least 3 domains with a change in the assessment, at least 1 point. Improvement was achieved in 18 patients with CP 12 months after rehabilitation, according to the expert method. Improvement was observed in 16 patients with CP according to our criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation. Improvement was observed in 16 patients with CP according to our criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation. The sensitivity of our criterion for assessing the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy was 89%, the specificity of 91%, which allows us to recommend the use of this criterion to assess the improvement of the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of children with CP.


Objective and Methods: Using GTG karyotyping technique, a patient of premature ovarian failure with primary amenorrhea is detected showing abnormal rearrangement of Xq26. The DNA marker of X centromere and Xq28 are used for FISH to analysis the patient's karyotype. Only a signal of Xq28 can be seen on two X chromosomes in a metaphase. Result and Conclusion: Monosomy (Xq26→qter) may response for women premature ovarian failure and primary amenorrhea.


Abstract: Amylases are amongst most widely used enzymes in industries such as food, fermentation, starch processing, textile, and paper. In the present investigation, bacteria were isolated from soil samples of different areas of Padmashri Vikhe Patil College, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India screened for the production of amylase. Soil samples were serially diluted in normal saline and plated on sterile nutrient agar plates. The colonies obtained from higher dilutions were subjected to Gram staining, biochemical reactions, and starch hydrolysis test. Bacterial colony yielding positive starch hydrolysis test were subjected to Amylase activity test by DNSA method. Characteristic feature of the strain indicates that it belongs to the genus Bacillus and will be later used for further characterization. Maximum yield of amylase was obtained after 48hrs of incubation. The isolated amylase producing organism was maintain by using agar slant & glycerol stock method.


The novelty of work is the application of first order sliding mode techniques for hybrid model to estimate the system states which are finally analyzed to detect of Misfire fault. The output of hybrid model of SI engine (engine speed) is compared with the observed engine speed to generate the output error. The sliding mode observer is designed to track the engine speed and estimate the other system state i.e. acceleration. The crankshaft acceleration is analyzed to detect the engine misfire fault condition. The stability analysis of application of first order sliding mode for hybrid model is provided. The results of tracking of speed and estimation of acceleration using sliding mode observer are presented. The application of Sliding Mode Technique for hybrid model is first established using data generated by simulating engine model and then using experimental data taken from SI engine.


A plastic electrode tube for an electroosmotic drainage method, comprising a conductive plastic tube (1), wire (2) and a conductive geotextile filter layer; the wall of the conductive plastic tube is provided with an axial or radial water guide groove therein; the number of wires (2) is not less than two; the wires (2) are symmetrically distributed within the wall of the conductive plastic tube (1) and axially pass through the whole conductive plastic tube (1); the conductive geotextile filter layer wraps around the conductive plastic tube (1); and the outer wall of the conductive plastic tube (1) is provided with evenly spaced drainage holes (4) therein.


introduces the reader to Manon Sioui (artist) and Sabryna Goudet (dancer) and shares the ways in which Manon provided powwow regalia inspired by traditional knowledge and craft to Sabryna. The argument is clear and well supported: although materials and methods have evolved over time, the Wendat have continued to practise their traditions. Histories of Indigenous people often run the risk of relegating the subjects of these studies to the past as conquered, assimilated, and even destroyed remnants of extinct societies. In this case, through the contemporary lives of Sioui and Goudet, we understand that, although the Wendat have faced extreme trauma due to colonialism (disease, warfare, and forced migrations), they have successfully and simultaneously preserved their culture and customs for future generations. This book is equally beautiful and brilliant. It represents innovative research and collaborative methodologies that are worth serious consideration as a model for other projects of a similar nature. kathryn magee labelle University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the healthy and stable development of primary hospitals with TCM characteristics. METHODS:3 township health centers from Mianyang city were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire survey and interview in terms of staff and structure,essential medicine and medical equipment. RESULTS:3 questionnaires were sent out,and 3 valid ones were recovered with effective recovery rate of 100%. The primary title took up the greatest proportion in 3 hospitals,mainly including nurses and medical technicians,accounting for 78.45%. The average age of medical staff with middle title was(45±4.67)year-old;TCM physicians occupied the highest proportion(47.54%),followed by general physicians(34.43%);public health physicians occupied the lowest proportion(18.03%),and there was no statistical significance in the proportion of 3 types of physicians(P0.05). The amount of outpatient(emergency)consultation services occupied the largest proportion in internal medicine department,accounting for 65.03%;treatment costs were mainly outpatient treatment,and 30% were inspection fees;the rate of routine medical device accounted for 67.28%,53.63%,84.15%,respectively. Essential medicine accounted for about 33.08%,29.21% and 23.49% of total amount of drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Great importance should be attached to the training and introduction of TCM talents in primary medical institutions. At the same time,the government should improve the utilization of equipement,loosen up essential medicine limit appropriately,increase financial investment and strengthen the information management of medical institution.


A timely work which highlights the far-reaching implications of the creation of Islamic States for both Muslims and the international community.


The theory of learning society is supporting the theory of community education that has broad theory and practice abroad. During recent years, the suggestion of building up lifelong education system, developing community education, constructing learning society has been raised by all kinds of documents and meetings in our country. The community college is an important part of the system. It should have the characteristics of lifelong, opening, sharing, suitable and multiple. The government of Heping District established community education committee to enhance the leadership and put Xinhua Staff and Worker University as its leading role. 


Groundnut is the principal oilseed crop of India and plays an important role in economy of the nation. Rajasthan is one of the major groundnut producing states of the country. The agro-climatic zone IVa (Sub-humid Southern Plain and Aravali Hills) is major groundnut producing zone of the state but productivity of this crop is very low in this agro-climatic zone. This has been basically due to non-adoption of improved package of practices of groundnut cultivation by majority of the farmers. The present study was conducted in this zone to find out the major constraints which prevented the farmers from adoption of groundnut production technology. It was found from the study that 45.83, 40.84 and 13.33 per cent farmers were in the low, medium and high constraints level respectively. It was further observed that inadequate skill for seed treatment, unavailability of technical advice for crop cultivation, poor knowledge of high yielding varieties, unavailability of improved tools in the local market, inadequate irrigation facilities, unavailability of credit at marginal interest rate, high cost of plant protection chemicals, high cost of seed of HYVs, scarcity of moisture in the soil, delay in occurrence of monsoon, were important constraints perceived by the groundnut growers in adoption of groundnut production technology. It was also found that there was a significant variation among large, small and marginal groundnut growers with respect to constraints perceived by them in adoption of groundnut production technology.


This study is to study how producer Lee Ang is seeking his identity as a stranger in his movies. Lee Ang expressed various topics with new ways to create a new genre for movie, and therefore developed his unique movie esthetics with both cinematic quality and commercial success. The key words through Lee Ang's these kinds of movies are the 'Boundary' and the 'Bystander'. Lee Ang implied Chinese traditions in a father having an identity crisis in the changing world in the early series of 'Father-Knows-Best'. In his works of the middle period, he observed what are society and individuals with people in their worst situations seeking truth like a homosexual man or a female spy. In his late works, he showed people becoming free and not restricted to systems, old customs and norms while they are seeking their identities inside the family. Lee Ang doesn't accompany serious reflective attitude to explore his identification of a Taiwanese one who is given to him historically and racially. Instead, because they were utter outsiders, they could get away from all systems and social norms and create an esthetic of paradox that defines an identity only away from an identity.


The Albert Basin of Uganda is located at the northern end of the western branch of the East African Rift System. It is a graben rich in oil and gas with a shallow research degree. In the south of the basin, a fan delta system controlled by the boundary fault is developed in the Miocene formation. Due to the few wells and poor quality of seismic data in this area, it is difficult to predict the spatial distribution of sedimentary reservoir sands. In this paper, sedimentary forward modeling coupled with 3D geological modeling is used to provide new ideas for reservoir prediction.
 Sedimentary facies analysis is based on core description, well logs, paleontology, heavy mineral content and grain size data. Quantitative analysis of accommodation space, source supply, and sediment transport parameters can help explain the main factors that controlled the sedimentation. Milankovitch cycle method was used to establish the time scale of the basin. The simulation results were combined with 3D geological modeling to quantify the characteristics of the sand body distributions.
 Sedimentary facies analysis shows that the Miocene formation in the south of Albert Basin deposited in a shallow lacustrine environment. A proximal fan delta deposition with subaqueous distributary channels was controlled by the east boundary faults. Firstly, the accommodation space was estimated according to the thickness of the stratum and the change of the ancient water depth. The source supply was estimated by the area of the project and formation thickness, and the transportation parameters were estimated according to the nonlinear transportation model based on the traction flow with a little gravity flow. Secondly, an astronomical stratigraphic framework of the Miocene strata in the south of Albert basin was established through the Milankovitch cycle stratigraphy, and it was used to restrain the process of stratigraphic forward modeling and to reproduce the sedimentary evolution process in the geological historical period. Thirdly, the stratigraphic forward modeling results were resampled into the geological model, a 3D reservoir probability distribution model is established from trend modeling to quantitatively characterize the spatial distribution of sand bodies. Finally, the sandstone distribution simulation results were transformed into quantitative control constraints for 3D geological facies modeling. Thus, the new approach significantly promotes the facies model quality and provides robust results for petrophysical property models.
 Integration of stratigraphic forward modeling with 3D geological modeling can effectively solve the problem of reservoir characterization in an early stage of oilfield development through the interaction of the dual model coupling. This method has unique advantages in the reservoir research in the area with fewer data and great variation of sand.


Aceh is the only province in Indonesia with an exceptional degree of autonomy to implement Sharia. This paper explores how Serambi Indonesia—the leading Acehnese local newspaper—framed the implementation of Sharia in the region. This study employed content analysis of the Sharia coverage in Aceh from 2012 to 2020 using a hybrid approach, combining issue-specific and generic frames. The results revealed the four identified frames: Sharia codification, deviance from Sharia, desirable Sharia enforcement, and Islamic morality. among those frames, the deviance from Sharia was much preferred. The frame prominence was more prevalent after Qanun Jinayat (Islamic Criminal Bylaw) took into effect in Aceh. It was also given more prominence on the front page than on other pages. However, other frames made up 60% of the articles, implying that the Acehnese local newspaper positively represented the implementation of Sharia in Aceh while highlighting Sharia problems surrounding its enforcement. These findings exemplify the use of a hybrid approach to better examine the media frames, support the effect of critical events on changes in the media frames, and confirm the different prominence of the frame based on the page placement.