This article discusses the "Reform of Political Institutions in Mozambique". It is focused in the analysis of the structure and functioning of political institutions in Mozambique, based on the understanding of the separation of the functions of Head of State, Government and Public Administration, or public institutions, to propose some institutional reforms. Here we sought to portray how in Mozambique, some political or public institutions infringe on normative aspects of democratic content, constantly hurting fundamental rights explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. For this, in the first chapter of this study, we have brought the analysis of political institutions in Mozambique, with a brief history and approach of current political events. Then it talks about reform of political institutions. Finally, if approached on public institutions and the participation of society in power in Mozambique. In methodological terms the hypothetical-deductive method was opted, assisted by bibliographic reference, a comparative perspective with other countries adopting different system of government of Mozambique.


(2010) Catecholaminergic depletion within the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex enhances latent inhibition. Neuroscience, 170 (1). pp. The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.


The utility model relates to a multi-function quick tester of an intelligent electric energy meter clock, which is mainly applied for testing and measuring the accuracy of the clock installed in an intelligent electronic type electric energy meter. The utility model comprises a display output module, an audio output module and a button input module. The utility model is characterized in that the multi-function quick tester further comprises a CPU module, a CPLD module, a constant temperature crystal oscillator module, a pulse input module, a pulse output module, an interface circuit, a protecting circuit, a shaping circuit and a threshold circuit; the pulse input module, the joint circuit, the protecting circuit, the shaping circuit, the threshold circuit and the CPLD module are electrically connected in order; the CPLD module, a drive circuit and the pulse output module are electrically connected in order; the CPLD module is further electrically connected with the CPU module, the button input module and the constant temperature crystal oscillator; and the CPU module is further electrically connected with the display output module and the audio output module. The utility model has a reasonable design and a good testing effect.


PURPOSE: To provide a novel aromatic aminoketone useful as a photopolymerization initiator for ethylenically unsaturated compounds. CONSTITUTION: There is provided a compound of the formula [wherein Ar is fluorine, an N(R 7 )(R 8 ) substituted phenyl (wherein R 7 and R 8 are each H, a 1-12C alkyl, a 1-4C alkoxy-substituted 2-4C alkyl or the like); R 1 and R 2 are each a 1-8C alkyl or the like; and R 3 and R 4 are each H, a 1-12C alkyl, a 3-5C alkenyl or the like], for example, 2-methyl-1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2- dimethylaminopropan-1-one. Here, the compound of the formula can be obtained by reacting 2-(4-flurophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-methoxyoxirane with morpholine. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Objective To explore the effects of surgical treatment of lower lumbar vertebral tuberculosis. Methods Twenty-three patients with lower lumbar vertebral tuberculosis received one-stage anterior focus elimina- tion,interbody fusion with autogenous iliac bone and anterior Z-titanium plate internal fixation.After operation all patients were treated with the conventional triple anti-tuberculosis medicine for 9 ~ 12 months.After operation,local pain alleviation,the spinal nerves function restoration,kyphosis' correction and the spinal column stable situation were observed.Results All patients were followed up for the average 28.2 months.In all patients low back pain symptom disappeared.After operation,the average kyphosis Cobb angle was 29.2°(the average correction angle was 20.5°compared with that before the operation),average VAS grading was 27 points;the Frankel graduation showed the D level in 6 patients,the E level in 17 patients;no recurrence of tuberculosis was found.Conclusion The effect of one-stage anterior focus elimination,interbody fusion with autogenous iliac bone and anterior Z-titanium plate internal fixation in the treatment of patients with lower lumbar vertebral tuberculosis is satisfactory.


We report the transcrystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) on several different types of substrate materials. The supermolecular structure and its development were characterized with polarization microscopy, whereas differential scanning calorimetry was used for monitoring the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. Although only approximately applicable, an Avrami-Ozawa analysis of the latter yielded reliable exponents, which characterized the transcrystalline nucleation conditions, the related dimensionality of growth, and the resulting texture. The results complemented and agreed quantitatively with those of light microscopy. Several polymers, including poly(ethylene terephthalate), polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyimide, induced distinct transcrystallinity, but only a spherulitic supermolecular structure developed on glass and metallic substrates.


Brain warm-ups can get maths or literacy lessons off to a productive start and provide valuable learning opportunities. Claire Hewson's ideas are much more than 'fillers'.


Chemical (via buffered ascorbate-citrate) and microbial (via Shewanella decolorationis S12) iron reduction kinetics in the surficial tidal marsh sediments of the Min River Estuary were compared at six locations along the inundation gradient. A reactive continuum model was successfully applied to describe the kinetic results. Along the inundation gradient, an enhanced tidal inundation frequency towards the sea resulted in changes in the pH, Eh, salinity, as well as the abundances and fractions of reactive Fe(II) and Fe(III). Significant differences were observed between the chemical and microbial iron reductions among the six locations. Larger reducible Fe(III) pools, higher initial rates, and lower mineral heterogeneity were observed in chemical assays when compared to microbial assays. The microbial and chemical reducible Fe(III) as well as their initial reduction rates generally decreased along the inundation gradient. The chemical mineral heterogeneity gradually increased along the inundation gradient, while the microbial mineral heterogeneities were not significantly different at the six locations. Consequently, a higher iron reduction potential was observed in the uplands when compared to that in the lowlands. The result highlights the role of tidal hydrology and topography in iron reduction and suggest that both the pool and mineral heterogeneities of highly reactive Fe(III) should be considered in iron biogeochemical investigations.


The fuzzy technique revealed in this paper is a new attempt of solving the problem of appreciating the effectiveness level of a medicine when using it against the symptoms typical of a morbid unit. To obtain a satisfactory result, a fuzzy relation with elements equal to fuzzy numbers in L-R representation is introduced. The fuzzy numbers that appear in the relation replace the verbal expressions decided by physicians in accordance with the definition of the relation. The fuzzy relation filled with the fuzzy numbers, which is a counterpart of the average fuzzy relation with the real numbers, also has its eigen fuzzy set with membership degrees as fuzzy numbers. These, after taking appropriate places in the eigen fuzzy set, appreciate the levels of the drug influence on the clinical symptoms.


The invention provides a communication apparatus, an image forming apparatus, and a control method for the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus includes a communication unit. When receiving a request to start communication from a second communication apparatus during communication with a first communication apparatus, the communication unit transmits to the second communication apparatus a communication disabled notification with a retransmission time period indicating a time until the request to start communication again. In addition, when receiving a request to start communication from a third communication apparatus after completing the communication with the first communication apparatus and before receiving the request to start communication sent again from the second communication apparatus based on the retransmission time period, the communication unit does not start data reception from the third communication apparatus so as to give priority to data communication with the second communication apparatus.


The micro plated heat exchangers were designed to transfer more heat/volume or mass than previous heat exchangers within the context of the design constraints specified. The increase of the surface-to-volume ratio results in an increase of the interfacial area. This enhances considerably the performance of a heat exchanger. This can be an important component in a wide range of applications (fuel cell, aerospace, automotive, electronic system and home heating, etc). In this study, the performance evaluation of micro plated heat exchangers under the counter flows with straight and S-shaped channel are carried out. The pressure drop as well as inlet and outlet fluid temperature were measured at steady state under various operating conditions and the total heat transfer rate were also calculated.


Digital signage is a new advertising medium that can attract consumer's attention by displaying multimedia contents. However, one-way advertising system can't expect a high advertising effect. Thus, it is necessary to develop an interactive user interface that allows a user to select desired contents. In this paper, we develop digital signage content control system based on gesture recognition technology. The proposed system detects a specific person to control the digital signage by user face recognition and then it can characterize the user's hand. The mouse operation can be controlled by extracting central moment from the detected hand object in order to select or manipulate the signage content following the user's intention. We expect to maximize the advertising effect by the active manipulation of the user rather than the fixed advertisement.


This is a beginner's guide to the simulation and modeling environment Dymola. Dymola is presented by means of a simple hybrid example system which is modeled and simulated.


ABSTRACT The operating conditions of coal-fired power units are changing because of the current shift in the approach to technologies based on fossil fuels. Due to decarbonization issues, their function is now more often to balance shortages of electricity generated from renewable sources. A substantial rise can be observed nowadays in the significance of the capability of all the installation modules to operate under variable loads. One of the solutions improving the coal-fired power unit flexibility is the twin-boiler concept based on using a system with twin-boilers co-operating with one steam turbine. Such a solution makes it possible to obtain characteristics similar to gas-steam systems and achieve low values of the minimum load on the basic fuel. The solution operating characteristics cannot be determined fully unless issues related to the thermal and stress states of individual elements are discussed first. The subject of the numerical analyses presented in this paper are thermal and stress states arising in the elements of a turbine co-operating with 2 boilers during steady- and unsteady-state operation. Results of numerical simulation of the turbine steady operation, the start-up process and power change are presented. An analysis is conducted of the impact of the rate of changes in power on the level of stresses in the turbine elements and in consequence on the fatigue of the turbine rotors.


Warrior elites crystallized on the threshold of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe. Dynamic social processes of local chiefs' installation seem to be tied with holding of natural resources. The power based on holding of metal, stone and agricultural soil resources and on redistribution of products implicates the existence of warrior elites; these changes are usually reflected in social stratification. Nitra Culture, an epi-Corded Ware element, emerged in the heart of these processes in Central Europe, just before the origin of Unětice Culture. Multifocal analysis of two large cemeteries of Nitra Culture in different regions reflects local differences in raw material processing, technology, sex and age of users and symbolic structures involving all grave goods to outline social dynamics at the point of local power installation and defence. Analytic part involved expert, raw-material, technological and use-wear analyses of lithic, bone and antler industry from graves, anthropological data related to sex and age, ballistic analysis of lithic projectile points and warrior mobility analysis including experimental verification.


As light is attenuated when disseminating in water, the clarity of images or videos captured under water is usually degraded to varying degrees. By exploring the difference in light attenuation between in atmosphere and in water, we derive a new underwater optical model to describe the formation of an underwater image in the true physical process, and then propose an effective enhancement algorithm with the derived optical model to improve the perception of underwater images or video frames. In our algorithm, a new underwater dark channel is derived to estimate the scattering rate, and an effective method is also presented to estimate the background light in the underwater optical model. Experimental results show that our algorithm can well handle underwater images, especially for deep-sea images and those captured from turbid waters.


A {\em hole} is a chordless cycle of length at least four. A hole is {\em even} (resp. {\em odd}) if it contains an even (resp. odd) number of vertices. A \emph{cap} is a graph induced by a hole with an additional vertex that is adjacent to exactly two adjacent vertices on the hole. In this note, we use a decomposition theorem by Conforti et al. (1999) to show that if a graph $G$ does not contain any even hole or cap as an induced subgraph, then $\chi(G)\le \lfloor\frac{3}{2}\omega(G)\rfloor$, where $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ are the chromatic number and the clique number of $G$, respectively. This bound is attained by odd holes and the Hajos graph. The proof leads to a polynomial-time $3/2$-approximation algorithm for coloring (even-hole,cap)-free graphs.


Loop closure detection, the task of identifying locations revisited by a robot in a sequence of odometry and perceptual observations, is typically formulated as a combination of two subtasks: (1) bag-of-words image retrieval and (2) post-verification using RANSAC geometric verification. The main contribution of this study is the proposal of a novel post-verification framework that achieves good precision recall trade-off in loop closure detection. This study is motivated by the fact that not all loop closure hypotheses are equally plausible (e.g., owing to mutual consistency between loop closure constraints) and that if we have evidence that one hypothesis is more plausible than the others, then it should be verified more frequently. We demonstrate that the problem of loop closure detection can be viewed as an instance of a multi-model hypothesize-and-verify framework and build guided sampling strategies on the framework where loop closures proposed using image retrieval are verified in a planned order (rather than in a conventional uniform order) to operate in a constant time. Experimental results using a stereo SLAM system confirm that the proposed strategy, the use of loop closure constraints and robot trajectory hypotheses as a guide, achieves promising results despite the fact that there exists a significant number of false positive constraints and hypotheses.


After centuries of little change, the role of the teacher as it has been traditionally defined and practiced is on the verge of becoming an anachronism. New and emerging pedagogies have harnessed the power of information and communication technologies bringing dramatic change in the educational landscape, transforming the breadth, depth and opportunities for learning. Significantly, those people who refer to themselves as 'teachers' are increasingly on the sidelines, not centre-stage. Learner-centricity is a key facet of the knowledge economy, which itself is characterised by learning organisations, learning management systems, and e-learning. Teaching, meanwhile, is becoming a peripheral activity. Some institutions have attempted to transplant the old model within the new by delivering didactic pre-recorded lectures and canned 'death-by-PowerPoint'. The 'learning' that has taken place is then evaluated within an assessment regime that has been largely unchanged for generations, not because of an extant literature that validates the assessment instruments and the assessment regime, but because these are the tools that have always been used. This paper reflects on past practice and rejoices at the focus on learners and learning and at the technologies and emerging pedagogies that provide profound and exciting learning opportunities for the future.


Upon infection, pathogen-specific naive CD8 T cells proliferate and differentiate into a heterogeneous pool of effector cells. While most cells die during contraction, a fraction remains to form the longlived memory CD8 T cell pool. Because memory CD8 T cells provide protection against re-infection, researchers have sought to identify factors influencing survival of effector cells that populate the memory pool. Differential expression of surface proteins has been used to divide heterogenous memory CD8 T cells into subsets with differing functional abilities, and circulating memory CD8 T cells have classically been divided into effector (Tem) and central (Tcm) memory cells. Tcm cells express CCR7 and CD62L, which allows them to home to the lymph nodes (LN) where they survey for cognate antigen (Ag) (Sallusto et al., 1999; von Andrian andMempel, 2003). In addition, they are better equipped to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), to persist within the host, and to proliferate following systemic infections (Wherry et al., 2003). Conversely, Tem cells display a higher degree of cytotoxicity and have been thought to play the role of tissue surveyor. As an additional layer of complexity in defining thememory CD8 T cell pool, the phenotype and function of cells comprising the memory population continues to change with time following infection (Eberlein et al., 2016; Martin et al., 2015), and Tcmcells become the predominant memory CD8 T cell subset with time. While the Tem /Tcm paradigm has allowed for the identification of memory CD8 T cells of differing functional capabilities and informed our thinking on the lineage relationships of memory subsets, the roles of distinct CD8 T cells and the rules governing dif-


Sonographic imaging and measurement in vivo of the thyroid gland of 10 cats was compared with the histologic appearance and the physical measurements of the extirpted glands. Al though the general echotexture of the thyroid glands could be evaluated, poor margin determi nation resulted in a poor correlation with the physical measurements. Physical size, weight, and volume parameters of the normal feline thyroid are presented.


Acknowledgments Introduction: emigration and the process of national integration 1. The difficult task of national integration 2. A blueprint for change 3. The southern ethos 4. The national debate 5. Return migration 6. American remittances 7. Investing American savings 8. regional differences 9. Return and retirement Conclusion: national integration and return migration Notes Index.


As compared to the design of optical systems for non-biological applications, the design and simulation of systems that involve light interaction with biological tissue is considerably more difficult due to the volume scattering behavior of tissue. Not only are volume scattering simulations significantly more computationally intensive, but describing the optical properties of such tissue is also more complex.


Abstract : Measurements of turbulent dissipation of kinetic energy have been taken of synoptic and small scale density frontal passages during the MICROFRONTS (MARCH 1999, Kansas) field program. It is revealed that there is a significant increase of turbulent kinetic energy during each-passage of the frontal transition zone. Data analyses suggest a linear relationship between the frontal width and the enhanced kinetic energy dissipation rate. A theoretical development supports this observational result. The conclusion is, however, tentative, because the data are limited and some physical processes have not been taken into account. The source of turbulence associated with a shallow density front and trailing current is also analyzed. The characteristics of dissipation in this small scale event, and the heat budget associated with the front and current are determined. Other analyses carried out as part of the front-boundary layer focus of this investigation, include the investigation of the turbulence and heat budget characteristics of the lowest 10 meters of the atmosphere as a function of static stability, and the characteristics of frontogenesis in the presence of inertial oscillations. The various results obtained are all related to the development of parameterization schemes that are required by weather prediction models.


From self-learning thermostats to agricultural vehicles to baggagescreening systems, automation is becoming an integral part of modern life. In safety-critical domains, automation offers incredible benefits by improving the accuracy of complex tasks. Because automation failures are inevitable, appropriate calibration of operator trust in automation is integral for the optimal performance of human– automation teams. Trust in automation is affected by several factors, such as automation reliability, operator workload and selfconfidence, task difficulty and novelty, consequences of automation misses, and automation display format and content. Trust is therefore a multidimensional concept. So what can be done to appropriately calibrate operator trust level on automation?


Nanothermochromic diffraction gratings based on the metal-insulator transition of VO2 are fabricated by site-selective ion beam implantation in a SiO2 matrix. Gratings were defined either (i) directly by spatially selective ion beam synthesis or (ii) by site-selective deactivation of the phase transition by ion beam induced defects. The strongest increase of the diffracted light intensities was observed at a wavelength of 1550 nm exceeding a factor of 20 for the selectively deactivated gratings. The observed pronounced thermal hysteresis extending down close to room temperature makes this system ideally suited for optical memory applications.


X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements have been performed to elucidate local electronic and atomic structures of 3d-transition metal doped yttrium manganites (YMnO3) with chemical formula YMn2/3Tm1/3O3 (Tm= Co, Ni and Cu). The Mn L3-edge and K-edge XANES results indicate the direct substitution of Tm2+ for Mn3+, so that the positive effective charge of Mn ions are increased. Tm-doping is also found to induce substantial broadening of the Mn L3-edge feature, which suggests enhancement of the delocalization of Mn 3d eg subbands and conductivity. Local spin density approximation (LDA) + U (Hubbard U parameter) calculation shows that the leading features in the Mn L3-edge XANES spectra of YMn2/3Tm1/3O3 are due to majority-spin Mn eg subband rather than the Mn t2g subband commonly assigned. The comparison between O K-edge XANES spectrum of YMn2/3Ni1/3O3 and the LDA+U calculation shows significant contribution of O 2p and minority-spin Ni 3d eg hybridized states to the second feature of the O K-edge XANES spectra.


System transition is a substitution from the old system with low efficiency to a new efficient one. It's a process for the system to develop from the unbalance state to a new balance state. Our country has made great progress in the transition of system, but what we need more is to strengthen the construction of the market system, further perfect the property relations, implement the innovation of the labor employment system, speed the construction of the public service system, change the phase of the lag of government system construction and enrich and perfect the legal system.


This article examines ionic self-assembly (ISA) between a dye and surfactant. ISA is a method used to create supramolecular materials. The material created with the dye known as beryllon II and surfactant benzyldimethyltetradecylammoniumchloride (BC14) is then examined via different experimental methods. For instance, thin film is created to determine if the molecules can be assembled in lamellar stucture. The results show that the material has assembled in a crystalline order. AFM analysis also shows that the material is able to self-assemble on a substrate via a lamellar order and thereby creating a thin film. Results from DSC analysis and the fact that the material was greasy suggests that the material is a liquid or soft crystal with a nematic-like order.


Electronic control unit for integration in mechanical systems with - a microprocessor-based central unit (2), - a data memory (3), - a containing an operating program (6) program memory (4), - interfaces (5) for communication with programming and data input devices as well as the mechanical system to be controlled (7) - a permanently installed, non-reprogrammable core control program (9) that controls the basic programming of the control unit (1) by means of a basic control program (10), - the base control program (10), the basic functions associated with the to be controlled mechanical system (7) controls and is reprogrammable, and - a device-specific function control program (11) which is fitted the individual functions of the electronic control unit (1) mechanical system (7) controls and is also reprogrammable, wherein the operation program (6) is organized hierarchically into a plurality of program levels, represented by the core executive, the basic control program and the function control program to be formed.


Abstract A general model of an experiment with a finite number of two-level factors and a two-level outcome is considered. Joint action types are identified within the formalism developed. It is shown that the experiment can be represented by a free Boolean algebra and the identification of joint action types in this experiment reduces to the study of action orbits of an automorphism group over the Boolean algebra. Two types of symmetries are considered, and related classifications are provided.


Feline alveolar macrophages and feline pneumocytes were inoculated in vitro with low multiplicities of either feline calicivirus or feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. Pneumocytes were permissive for both viruses. High titers were attained, and characteristic cytopathic effects developed. Alveolar macrophages were permissive for feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, although the cycle of replication was delayed. Infection of macrophages with feline calicivirus resulted in the production of viral antigens and cytopathic effects; however, viral particles were not detected by electron microscopy, and viral infectivity titers rose only slightly and then fell to undetectable levels by 96 h. The differences in viral susceptibility between these two peripheral pulmonary cell populations that were demonstrated in vitro probably contribute to the differences in pathogenesis of viral rhinotracheitis and calicivirus infections in cats.


Separation theorems, distribution of zeros of solu- tions, and disconjugacy criteria for linear third-order differential equations are discussed. For instance, it is proved that the equa- tion y"'-+py"-+qy'1+ry=O, where pEC", q E C', and rEC on an interval I, is disconjugate on I if p does not change sign and if q_O, r_O, q-2p'


The Regional Disability Liaison Officers in NSW and the ME/CFS Society of NSW collaborated in the development of an education resource for Disability Advisers, Academics, staff and students with ME/CFS in tertiary education. The Project, "Bridging The Gap" was funded by the NSW Disabilities Co-Operative Project. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is one of the most complex and maligned disabilities in the community and disability service providers across the education sectors in New South Wales have reported a substantial increase in the number of students identified as having ME/CFS. This paper will focus on the development and outcomes of the Project.


The design of a direct Ku-band linear subharmonically pumped I/Q vector modulator in a multi-layer thin-film MCM-D process is described. The modulator consists of a Wilkinson power divider, a CPW Lange coupler and 2 sub-harmonically pumped mixers. Three distributed designs have been realized for the 7 GHz Wilkinson power divider: a fully distributed design, a meandered design with capacitively loaded transmission lines and a design with high-impedance lines and capacitive compensation at the ends. An excellent correspondence has been obtained between the measured and simulated results, indicating the high accuracy that can be obtained using the integrated passives design-library. Over the 6.5-7.6 GHz band, the Wilkinson has a measured return loss better than -22 dB, an isolation better than -25 dB with only 0.3 dB losses. Over the 10.5-14.5 GHz band, the Lange coupler has a measured return loss and isolation better than 20 dB, an amplitude balance below 0.13 dB and a phase balance of (90 +/- 1) deg. A beam-lead anti-parallel diode pair is mounted onto the MCM using thermocompression. The diode model has been verified using non-linear network analyzer measurements. An excellent agreement has been obtained between the measured and simulated powers and phases for more than 9 harmonics. It is shown that an optimal reactive termination for the third harmonic of the LO exists such that a very flat mixer conversion loss can be obtained over the 6.8-7.45 GHz band. The IF-, RF- and LO-input impedances are also flat, such that a good and constant matching can be achieved, required to obtain a modulator with a good amplitude and phase balance.


35,40-Dihydroxyl-6-methoxyl-gambogic acid methyl ester(1),9,10-dihydroxyl-6-methoxyl-gambogic acid methyl ester(2) and 2-deisohexylene-2-(2-formyl)ethyl-6-methoxyl-gambogic acid methyl ester(3) were first synthesized.And their antitumour activities on several cancer lines were tested.Meanwhile via Tripos Sci QSAR software calculation the QSAR equation explains the relationship between activity and structure with 2D QSAR method,and the biological activities are closely related to polarity volume ratio,the absolute value of the total charge,valence connectivity indexes and molecular volume.Our research can provide some guide meaning for the following research on studies of gambogic acid derivates.


Cell migration is a very important stage in different pathological processes such as wound healing, vascularisation, immune response, tissue regeneration and cancer. Traditional wound healing assays are done by scratching a monolayer on standard culture surfaces. However this method can lead to data misinterpretation and poor comparability in results from different experiments. The microfluidic wound healing assay is a mature alternative to the traditional method, but it is expensive and bulky due to the need of syringe pumps and can be difficult to implement by the end user. Here we show an alternative low-cost microfluidic platform based on the MainSTREAM platform. We also demonstrate the feasibility of a microperistaltic pump to carry out these kind of assays. A laminar flow of PBS-Trypsin-PBS confined in a microfluidic channel with a previously cultured monolayer of IIB-Mel LES melanoma cells was used to generate the wound. Cell migration rate could be quantified successfully.


Net extraction is crucial in VLSI design verification. Current algorithms for net extraction do not exploit Ihe fact that the number, c, of dinerent orientations of the lane segments or polygon edges in a practical VLSI mask design is small relative to the number, n, of segments or edges. Instead they rely on computing all intersections in the input and hence take time that is at least proportional to the number of intersections. In this paper we develop a simple and practical algorithm for net extraction that runs an O(cn1ogn) time and O(n) space, which is optimal for fixed c. Experiments indicate that the algorithm will generally outperform existing algorithms on practical VLSI designs. We expect that the techniques presented will be useful in other VLSI/CAD problems that operate with restricted orientation geometries.


The growth of multimedia communication and the mobile convergence lead to a rapid increase in the market of portable multimedia applications. Many of these multimedia applications require supporting multiple codec standards. Although these codec standards are different, they share some common features which can be exploited for hardware implementations of an integrated multi-codec engine. Variable length coding is a lossless data compression technique adopted by most of the codecs. The existing implementations of variable length coding are specific to a particular codec and are not suitable for a multi-codec environment. We propose a methodology for efficiently implementing variable length coding in the multi-codec environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology by comparing it with the existing implementations for MPEG4 and H.264.


Summary Corticosteroid-treated rats develop an overt infection with Pneumocystis and provide a ready source of organisms for study. A system of cortisonizing animals by the oral route was developed, utilizing daily provision of 200 ml of water containing 0.2 mg of dexamethasone and 100 mg of tetracycline to pairs of 200-g rats. The intensity of infection with Pneumocystis was related to length of time on treatment. Overt infection with Pneumocystis did not develop in a strain of pathogen-free rats in barrier cages while on the corticosteroid treatment schedule. However, transmission of the organism to pathogen-free treated animals was accomplished on contact exposure to infected rats.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of SiRNA-EGFR on the expression of hyaluronidase gene in human breast cancer cells.

METHODS
Reverse transcription-polymerse chain reaction was used to detect the changes in the expression of EGFR mRNA in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, ZR-75 and ZR-75-30 after transfection by SiRNA-EGFR.

RESULTS
After transfection with SiRNA-EGFR, the expression levels of EGFR were significantly inhibited in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, ZR-75 and ZR-75-30 cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Transfection by SiRNA-EGFR can inhibit the expression of EGFR mRNA in human breast cancer cells.


The zero-temperature phase diagram of a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in realistic one-dimensional $\mathit{\ensuremath{\ell}}$-periodic optical superlattices is investigated. The system of interacting bosons is modeled in terms of a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian whose site-dependent local potentials and hopping amplitudes reflect the periodicity of the lattice partition in $\mathit{\ensuremath{\ell}}$-site cells. Relying on the exact mapping between the hardcore limit of the boson Hamiltonian and the model of spinless noninteracting fermions, incompressible insulator domains are shown to exist for rational fillings that are predicted to be compressible in the atomic limit. The corresponding boundaries, qualitatively described in a multiple-site mean-field approach, are shown to exhibit an unusual loophole shape. A more quantitative description of the loophole domain boundaries at half filling for the special case $\mathit{\ensuremath{\ell}}=2$ is supplied in terms of analytic strong-coupling expansions and quantum Monte Carlo simulations.


u ENICILLIN therapy has now been A available for over 25 years and there are but few places in the world which have not been exposed to its extensive use. Until recently, one such place was Easter Island, or Isla de Pascua, a possession of Chile situated approximately 2,300 miles west of the South American coast in the Pacific Ocean (109° 20' Long. West, 27 °9' Lat. South). An expedition was sent to this Island, from December 13, 1964 to February 12, 1965, sponsored by Canada and the World Health Organization to the International Biological Year, and under the direction of Dr. S. C. Skoryna of McGill University, Montreal, to study the health status of this isolated native population. Contact of the population, which numbered 970, with the outside world was infrequent, the only regular source of contact being the annual supply ship from Chile (5). Dr. G. Nogrady of the University of Montreal, the bacteriologist of the expedition, was able to provide us with staphylococcal strains isolated from the population.


The provision of disability-related accommodations in a high-stakes testing environment raises important questions about the comparability of test scores between accommodated test takers (individuals with disabilities) and their counterparts who test under standard conditions, the validity and utility of test scores generated under accommodated conditions, and whether the accommodations themselves constitute an unfair advantage. Previous attempts to answer such questions have been primarily policy and judgment based. Sample size limitations and demographic and background differences between accommodated and non-accommodated test takers make quality empirical data difficult to gather and analyze. Drawing on a database of more than one million accommodated and non-accommodated test takers, this large-scale empirical study—the largest ever conducted to date— employed propensity score analysis to match 2,305 accommodated test takers with a comparable group of non-accommodated examinees. The key finding is that there were no meaningful or statistically significant differences in the distributions of Graduate Management Admission Test ® (GMAT ® ) Quantitative, Verbal, Total, or writing scores for accommodated versus non-accommodated test takers when demographic and background characteristics were taken into account. Means were extremely close and effect sizes were less than .01. This all suggests that a well-designed program to provide accommodations can assure an appropriate testing environment for persons with disabilities without penalizing or giving an advantage to either group of test takers.


Sulfur mustard (SM), a chemical warfare agent, produces burns with sever skin blistering. Promoting re‐epithelialization is a challenging issue in the SM skin injury treatment. We reported that human inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) was a factor for skin wound healing after SM exposure in the normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) scratching‐wound model (Ishida et al., J Dermatol Sci, 2007). In this study, we carried out experiments to further elucidate the roles of iNOS/NO by manipulating iNOS gene expression with siRNA and adenovirus constructs for gene knockdown and overexpression, respectively. NOC‐12, a NO donor drug and L‐NIL, an iNOS inhibitor, were also tested to study the roles of iNOS. The siRNA transfection significantly reduced both the gene and protein expression levels followed by a complete inhibition of wound healing. Infection of NHEKs with the adenovirus constructs resulted in a marked increase of iNOS expression in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. NOC‐12 reversed wound healing suppressed by the siRNA or L‐NIL; however, neither overexpression nor NO donor application caused significant improvement of wound healing inhibited by SM.


KOYAMA K., ITO, K., ASANUMA, Y. and SATO, T. Hepatic Venography in Portal Hypertension by Balloon Catheter. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 139 (4), 349-354 The hepatic venography and wedged hepatic venous pressure measurement were performed in 35 patients with portal hypertension using a balloon catheter, and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional method. It was revealed that the balloon catheter visualized a broader area of the liver and showed more accurate wedged hepatic venous pressure than the conventional catheter, thereby demonstrating that this is an excellent diagnostic tool for patients with portal hypertension. hepatic catheterization; hepatic venography; balloon catheter; wedged hepatic venous pressure; portal hypertension


2012 High intensity hadron beam has wide-range important applications. In recent years, several projects with intense-beam hadron accelerator are under design, development or construction in China. We are facing a lot of challenges in beam physics and key technology of the accelerators. Beam loss and beam emittance must be minimized for such a high intensity accelerator. Space charge effect and nonlinear dynamics should be taken into account in beam physics and accelerator design. In this paper we will present the recent research progress in China on beam dynamics, new technology development and beam experiments for intense beam hadron accelerators, including linear accelerator, synchrotron and


This is a book review of David Grummitt's latest monograph which is a biogrpahy of the last Lancastrian king, Henry VI.


To eliminate acoustic echo, the convergence rate and low residual echo are very important to adaptive echo cancelers. Meanwhile, an affordable computational complexity has to be considered as well. In this paper, we proposed the improved vector space adaptive filter (IVAF)and Improved Vector-space Affine Projection Sign Algorithm (IVAPSA). The proposed can be divided into two phases: offline and online. In the offline phase, IVAF constructs a vector space to incorporate the prior knowledge of adaptive filter coefficients from a wide range of different channel characteristics. Then, in the online phase, the IVAF combines the conventional APSA and IVAPSA algorithms, where IVAPSA computes the filter coefficients based on the vector space obtained in the offline phase. By leveraging the constructed vector space, the proposed IVAF is able to fast converge and achieve a better echo return loss enhancement performance. Moreover, the computational complexity is less than a comparable work. 關鍵詞:回聲消除系統,可適性濾波器,向量空間可適性濾波器,機器學習,組合演算法,仿 射投影符號演算法


The emerging field of nanotechnology has an enormous potential contribution to make to the field of pharmaceutical materials science. The advantages of drug nanoparticles can be as simple as dissolution rate enhancement through increased surface area or as complex as targeted delivery through novel pathways. However, the application of many nanoscale technologies has been slow because of difficulties controlling the drug form with decreasing particle size and maintaining chemical and physical stability upon storage. Advancing beyond these limitations requires a unique understanding of both the material properties of the active ingredients as well as the physical chemistry of the nano-sized particle. This article will examine the current challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry in applying nanotechnology, with a focus on the deficiencies in understanding that need to be addressed to move forward.


The role and importance of religion in many countries' foreign policy seem to be rising again. Many scholars have shown that Saudi Arabia uses the spread of religion, specifically Salafi Islam, as a tool for its foreign policy and to strengthen its influence. Saudi Arabia is a crucial player in the MENA region and the entire Islamic world, and its regional and international importance is constantly increasing. The author considers understanding Saudi Arabia's activities and its foreign policy strategies, mechanisms, and tools in Africa as very important, as Africa is becoming an arena for new powers once again. The article aims to identify how Saudi Arabia penetrates African states and spreads Salafism. It focuses on analyzing Saudi foreign policy, emphasizing the role of religion and its export. The author analyzes Saudi Arabia's relations with five selected African states, where Salafism is spreading, in the period from 2015 to the present.


The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the influence of ground travel on wellness measures, and 2) examine the possible influence of travel distance and fitness on the magnitude of these possible changes. Compared with home matches, wellness measures showed moderate-to-large impairments of wellness of soccer players for away matches the day prior to the match (D-1) (range; +5 to 68%, [90%CL 1-88]; standardized difference: range; +.6 to +1.75 [.1-2.07]) and small-to-large impairments on the day of the match (D-0, range; +7 to +68.1 [-1.6-87.5]; standardized difference, range; +.24 to 1.78, [-.06-2.15]), respectively. There were large and very large negative relationships between the increases of fatigue (r = -.84, 90%CL -.95; -.56) or soreness (r = -.80, -.93; -.84) at D-1 and players' fitness. There were also very large positive correlations between actual wellness measures and traveling distance to away locations (r range: .70 to .87). Ground travel-induced impairment of wellness is associated with fitness and distance of away locations in young soccer players. Simple wellness questionnaires could be used to effectively monitor young soccer players' freshness and readiness to train or compete during away games.


To design an unsupervised deep neural model for correcting susceptibility artifacts in single‐shot Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) and evaluate the model for preclinical and clinical applications.


An easily effected aromatic annelation is described involving reaction of O-thioalkyl and O-thioaryl substituted Phenyl radicals with alkynes to give 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes; the mechanism is discussed.


In satellite image processing, pan-sharpening is the image fusion process in which a low resolution (LR) multi-spectral (MS) image is sharpened using the corresponding high resolution (HR) panchromatic (Pan) image to obtain a HR MS image. In this paper we propose a novel pansharpening method which combines the ideas of classical wavelet-based pan-sharpening with recently developed dictionary learning (DL) methods. The HR MS image is generated using wavelet-based pan-sharpening, regulated by promoting sparsity with respect to a dictionary. The dictionary is obtained using DL on the multi-scale wavelet tree vectors of the image to be pansharpened. A significant advantage of our approach compared to most DL-based approaches is that it does not require a large database of images on which to train the dictionary. Experiments on degraded satellite images demonstrate that our method significantly reduces color distortions and wavelet artifacts compared to the state of the art. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c ©Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2012 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139


Our heart is a vital organ that pumps blood and through the vessels of the circulatory system. In medical applications, we can observe the heart rate using Electrocardiograph (ECG). Currently, people tend to have high working activity without a proper exercise intensity. This study was conducted to observe the heart rate variability (HRV) on the healthy young woman who was not doing any exercise. We evaluated the HRV characteristics while exercising with a regular period and different intensity (light to hard) and how the difference before and after of evaluation period. Seven young-healthy women (19 - 21 years old) women were observed during three observation stages: pre-exercise, main exercise-period, and post-exercise for 2 months. We analyzed MeanRR, SDRR, CVRR, rMSSD, VLF, LF, HF, and the Poincaré plot parameters (SD1 and SD2) as the HRV properties. We found that SDRR was decreased from the first week (0.08 s) to the last week of the evaluation period (0.03 s) followed by the HF component (0.15 – 0.2 Hz). The Poincaré plot properties also reduced from the first week to the last week of the exercise period (0.07 s to 0.03 s). We indicated the characteristics of a woman's HRV during regular exercise periods with different intensity have made the heart more effective in pumping blood. We concluded that the heart condition would be improved during regular exercise with the increment of intensity even in a short of a period. Finally, the heart rate performance may be decreased during absent from regular exercise for a month.


It is an established fact that genetic disorders are one of the most important threats to human health. Several genetic disorders have been described clinically but their etiology is still unidentified and mysterious.The molecular basis for most of them is also unknown. With the advancement in the field of molecular biology different powerful techniques have been developed to understand the molecular basis of hereditary disorders.This would help in the subsequent identification of causative genes and mutations.Blindness and visual impairment due to genetic disorders are more common in developing countries like Pakistan than in developed countries.Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a major form of incurable blindness affecting one out of 4000 people worldwide.This highly heterogeneous disease has numerous inheritance patterns with the end result of partial to complete irreversible blindness.Another ocular disorder called fundus albipunctatus (FAP) also has some symptoms similar to RP like night blindness.In FAP this night blindness occurs in childhood but it remains stationary and day vision is not affected as in the case of RP where constriction of day vision occurs gradually.The present study was aimed to analyze families with ocular disorder.Families with autosomal recessive hereditary retinitis pigmentosa were used for mapping the disease genes and mutations. Seven consanguineous unrelated families (RP8, RP9, RP11, RP12, RP13, RP14 and RP16) with inherited RP were ascertained from different regions of Pakistan.The mode of inheritance in all families was inferred as autosomal recessive.The strategy used for this study was candidate gene approach.Linkage analysis was performed by PCR using STR (short tandem repeats) microsatellite markers for the known loci/genes.Direct sequencing (next generation sequencing) of the PCR products was carried out for identification of pathogenic mutations.In the present study linkage to crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) gene on chromosome 1q31.3 was confirmed in family RP12. A novel missense mutation in human CRB1 gene has been found after sequence analysis of exon 6 of the CRB1 gene at nucleotide position 1459 (c.1459T>C). At protein level this mutation resulted in a substitution of proline for serine at amino acid 487 (p.Ser487Pro).It was inferred that mutation in this gene is strong enough to cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.After the initial screening of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa loci for family RP13, it was evident that there was no involvement of retinitis pigmentosal loci in the disease phenotype and it was a rare case of fundus albipunctatus, with RDH5 gene defect as the underlying cause.The family RP13 showed linkage to retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis) RDH5 gene after homozygosity mapping. A novel missense mutation at nucleotide position 602 (c.602 C>T) was identified after next generation sequencing of exon 4 of the RDH5 gene .This mutation resulted in substitution of phenylealanine for serine at amino acid 201 (p.Ser201Phe) of the RDH5 gene.The mutations in RDH5 gene are related to fundus albipunctatus (FAP).This is an exceptional form of stationary night blindness, it was deduced that mutation in this gene was responsible for autosomal recessive FAP in this family.The family RP14 showed exclusion to all the known genes and loci of RP. It was inferred that a novel locus/gene is responsible for causing RP in this family.The strongest candidate gene was RY2R which was earlier involved in cardiac disorder.Fine mapping in future would confirm the involvement of this gene in RP. Four families (RP8, RP9, RP11 and RP16) with some of the common selected loci/gene showed heterozygosity for the different combinations of the parental alleles in both affected and normal individuals after the linitial linkage.This heterozygosity confirmed exclusion to five selected known loci or genes on different chromosomes associated with autosomal recessive RP.Since many genes and loci are involved in this disease and genotyping using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a time taking and laborious method so commonly found genes in RP were initially selected which showed exclusion.On the basis of these exclusions it was inferred that a novel locus/gene or mutation is involved in these families which could be identified by SNP affymetrix array technique and sequencing. Many loci/genes/mutations are yet to be identified for this phenotype.It would be helpful in future to understand the disease prognosis.This research will also provide a smooth way for carrier screening, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.This study may help gaining insight into the genetic causes underlying these disorders, to improve the clinical management and prevention


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the decomposition of an electrolyte solution, to prevent swelling due to the internal pressure increase of a battery and to enhance the charge/discharge characteristics of the electrolyte solution by including an o- terphenyl in a nonaqueous solvent usable in a secondary battery having a negative electrode of a carbon material capable of doping/dedoping Li and in a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium compound as an electrolyte. SOLUTION: The concentration of an O-terphenyl in a nonaqueous electrolyte solution is preferably 0.5-3 wt.%. A nonaqueous solvent is for example a propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or the like, two kinds or more may be mixed for use. For an electrolyte, a lithium compound such as LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4 or the like is used and a concentration is preferably 0.3-2.0 mol/l. A carbon material constituting a negative electrode is such as pyrolytic carbons, cokes, graphites, organic polymer compound sintered compacts or the like. The charge/ discharge characteristics can be improved.


The paper presents the research results of experimental heat pump hot water (HPHW) using new refrigerant R32, more friendly to the alternative environment for hot water supply heat pump systems using the current R410A on the market. Experimental results show that the new refrigerant pump system R32 has a lower CO2 emission factor than the system using R410A refrigerant. Hot water heating time of R32 heat pump system is 25.86 minutes shorter than the system using R410A medium with 27.78 minutes with hot water temperature required to reach 50 °C


Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal governing criminal provisions against illegal gold mining. Illegal gold mining in Sijunjung have occurred over the years ranging from traditional hardware to modern equipment so that damage to the environment, the more alarming. Problems raised in this study are: (1) How is the criminal application against mining without permission in Sijunjung? (2) How effective application of the criminal against the perpetrators of illegal gold mining in Sijunjung? The study used a socio legal approach. Data used include primary data and secondary data. Data were collected through interviews and document study. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed: 1) the application of the criminal against the perpetrators of gold mining is illegal in Sijunjung not been effective because of the judge's decision is lower than the demands of the prosecutor 2) the effective application of the criminal has not been fully performed in Sijunjung because only a few cases of mining gold illegally in the past law and moreover for the year 2016 there was only one case of illegal gold mining that passes through the legal process. Keywords : Effectiveness, Criminal, Mining, Gold.


The present invention discloses a dosing device for facilitating agent metering and regulation, including gallipot, the first flow passage, the second flow passage, a third flow passage, the flow measurement passage, the switching valve, pressure regulator valve port and lead; the said upper or top gallipot communication connection through the first flow path and the upper or top measurement flow path; or lower portion of the bottom connector gallipot communicates with the metering passage through the second flow path lower or bottom, the second flow trail off valve; said flow metering channel bottom or lower portion through a third flow passage communicating with the regulating valve is connected; gallipot the upper or top pressure port disposed primers; metering the flow path cross-sectional area smaller than the plus sectional area of the canister. The present invention can effectively solve the conventional flow metering dosing means dosing method and dosing occurring and adjustment problems, simplified dosing device and dosing process, saving dosage, dosing means reducing costs and management workload and the like; embodiment having easy, safe and reliable, widely used to promote the advantages of easy.


In this thesis, in order to solve the student arrearage problems in colleges and universities, risk weight factor is introduced to improve ID3 algorithm through the research on data mining technology and the combination with financial management system of colleges and universities so that ID3 decision-making tree algorithm can classify based on the risk weights of all the factors of the financial data; the early warning system scheme on the student arrearage problems in colleges and universities is designed so as to predict the high-risk defaulting students dynamically and accurately and lay scientific foundations for avoiding financial risk in colleges and universities.


We present an informal introduction to the theory of toric surfaces from the viewpoint of geometric modeling. Bezier surfaces and many well-known low-degree rational surfaces are found to be toric. Bezier-like control point schemes for toric surfaces are defined via mixed trigonometric-polynomial parametrizations. Many examples are considered: quadrics, cubic Mobius strip, quartic 'pillow', 'crosscap' and Dupin cyclides. A 'pear' shape modeling is presented.


The present study has the objective of approaching some characteristics and conceptions about the intermunicipal health consortia, as well as its relationship as a management tool and regional development to solve the local health problems, reflecting in the improvement of the quality of life of the population. Thus, it has been observed that CIS are important instruments that expand and improve the supply of health services, where we can observe a great evolution of this tool since the 1970s.


tion" at Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, on 15–17 September. We advertised AICS-97 internationally to mail groups and on usenet as well as placed information at the University of Ulster on the World Wide Web. The local press (The Derry Journal & Belfast Telegraph) and radio (BBC Northern Ireland) ran a number of articles leading up to and during the conference. All plenary invited speaker talks and the panel session went out on streaming video and audio, stored The Eighth Ireland Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (AICS-97), which was run in conjunction with the Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP-97), was a success. The delegates for both meetings enjoyed themselves and expressed their congratulations on the program and organization. Also, for the first time, AICS attracted a large number of delegates and papers from abroad, including many from the United Kingdom, Europe, and even the United States and Asia. AICS-97 was hosted by the Faculty of Informatics, University of Ulster, Magee College; the Artificial Intelligence Association of Ireland (AI)2, the Cognitive Science Society of Ireland (CSSI), and the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behavior (SSAISB). Sponsorship was provided by the University of Ulster, the Industrial Research and Technology Agency Unit (IRTU) of Northern Ireland, the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR), the European Computer Vision Network of Excellence (ECVnet), and the Optical Engineering Society of Ireland (OESI). A large number of other Irish and British organizations, including the British Council, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and the British Computer Society, agreed to cooperate. The cognitive science strand of AICS-97, the Annual Conference of the CSSI, was run as "MIND-II: Computational Models of Creative CogniVenue


PURPOSE
To evaluate the influence of lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)) levels in thrombolysis with rt-PA for myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODS
Thirty-eight MI patients, 28 male, mean age 51 +/- 9 years, submitted to thrombolysis with rt-PA, divided in two groups according the result of the thrombolysis: A) Successful, B) Failure. Serum fibrinogen (SF) was assessed before and 90 minutes after treatment. Lp (a) levels were determined six months later. These parameters were analyzed in both groups.

RESULTS
Lp (a) levels were similar in groups A and B (p = 0.45). The SF levels were not different in the groups.

CONCLUSION
Lp (a) seems to have no influence in thrombolysis with rt-PA for MI.


Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol was investigated on iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus .F ish (2, 5, 10 and 20 g) subjected to 20–200 mg L 1 eugenol and behavioural response as well as induction and recovery times were recorded. Induction and recovery times were significantly affected by eugenol concentration as well as fish weight (P < 0.05). Generally, 27–300 s after exposure to 20– 200 mg L 1 eugenol, iridescent sharks reached stage 3 anaesthesia (suitable for general handling). Fish entered stage 4 anaesthesia (suitable for surgery and blood sampling) over 54–710 s exposure to such concentrations. Recovery time was 109–600 s in all weight classes as well as eugenol concentrations. Mortality (44–100%) was only observed in 2 g fish when subjected to 110–170 mg L 1 eugenol. This study, for the first time, showed behavioural response of iridescent shark to anaesthesia as well as effectiveness of eugenol as anaesthetic in this important aquaculture-ornamental species. According to the models obtained in this study, minimum eugenol concentrations to induce anaesthesia over less than 3 min were 53.8–81.5 mg L 1 in 2–20 g fish. Likewise, maximum eugenol concentrations in which fish recovered over less than 5 min were 65.9– 105.8 mg L 1 in 2–20 g fish.


Based on the scattering loss difference between the single-mode-fiber-optical-waveguide (SMFW) and multimode-fiber-optical-waveguide (MMFW) structures, a method to estimate the roughness of multimode rectangular optical waveguide (ROW) is proposed. Based on the analysis of the mode coupling characteristics of the SMFW structure and the MMFW structure, the coupling efficiency of higher order mode of the ROW for the MMFW structure is larger than that of the SMFW structure. However, it is reversed for the lower order mode. By further analyzing the mode scattering loss coefficients of ROW induced by roughness, it is found that the total scattering loss for the SMFW structure is less than that for the MMFW structure, which can be used to estimate the roughness. The experimental results show that the roughness is 248.67 nm when the waveguide length is 75 mm and the scattering loss difference is 0.31dB. As the roughness is 275.37 nm by the 3-D optical profiler, this implies that the method is effective. Compared to the conventional methods, the method has many advantages, such as convenience, high efficiency, and ability for large measurement area.


Grid computing is a new computing-framework to meet the growing computational demands. Grid computing provides mechanisms for sharing and accessing large and heterogeneous collections of remote resources. However, how to scheduling the subtasks in these heterogeneous resources is a critical problem. This paper puts forward a task scheduling algorithm based on genetic algorithm. It first generates a fitness function through weighted least connection algorithm, and than generates a new group of individuals through genetic operation such as reproduction, crossover, mutation, etc. It approaches optimization gradually through frequent evolutions. Finally, the simulation results of the algorithm and conclusion are given


We explore the effects of climate change on future timber yields and future forest fire activity using a forest ecosystem model (PnET) and projections of future area burned. We integrate these data to determine future forest land values (as measured by Soil Expectation Values or SEV) for several commercial forestry species (white spruce, aspen and jack pine) in central Saskatchewan. Different species responded differently to increases in temperature, soil moisture availability and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The results suggest that under most future scenarios, stand productivity increases, but decreases under extreme drought. However, projected increases in area burned offset these productivity increases. Under high levels of future area burned, SEV is lower than current values, resulting in a negative economic impact. We also find that the optimal economic rotation age under future climate is lower than that under present climatic conditions. We conclude by discussing the challenges that these future uncertainties pose for long-term forest management planning. We demonstrate two practical risk management techniques - Monte Carlo simulation and scenario planning - that can serve as tools for incorporating uncertainty analysis into decision making. Finally, we conclude with the basic principles necessary to improve the ability of forest managers to cope with and integrate uncertainty analysis into both the development and evaluation of forest-level adaptation strategies.


Eukaryotic DNA is incorporated into the nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. This structure is essential for the proper storage, maintenance, regulation, and function of the genomes' constituent genes and genomic sequences. Importantly, cells generate discrete types of chromatin that impart distinct properties on genomic loci; euchromatin is an open and active compartment of the genome, and heterochromatin is a restricted and inactive compartment. Heterochromatin serves many purposes in vivo, from heritably silencing key gene loci during embryonic development, to preventing aberrant DNA repeat recombination. Despite this generally repressive role, the DNA contained within heterochromatin must still be repaired and replicated, creating a need for regulated dynamic access into silent heterochromatin. In this work, we discover and characterize activities that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme SWI/SNF uses to disrupt repressive heterochromatin structure. First, we find two specific physical interactions between the SWI/SNF core subunit Swi2p and the heterochromatin structural protein Sir3p. We find that disrupting these physical interactions results in a SWI/SNF complex that can hydrolyze ATP and slide nucleosomes like normal, but is defective in its ability to evict Sir3p off of heterochromatin. In vivo, we find that this Sir3p eviction activity is required for proper DNA replication, and for establishment of silent chromatin,


Craniometric variation in Norwegian wolverines was analysed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The wolverine skull seems to be full-grown after about 9 months in both sexes although some dimensions continued to grow at a slow rate after the first year. Size allometry was studied in skulls older than 11 months. Allometric coefficients were calculated from different methods. The multivariate allometric coefficients were found to reflect the same allometric patterns as were found from the reduced major axis and from the direction cosines of PCI, whereas the coefficients seem to be underestimated by the least-square regression method. Sexual dimorphism was found to be highly significant, males being the larger sex. The female skulls were found to be relatively broader and to have a relatively higher coronoid process than the male skulls. It seems that the females have a relatively stronger feeding apparatus than the males, which leads to less absolute differences in strength, as reflected in a very high degree of dietary overlap. Two discriminant functions were calculated which both classified the material into their correct sex with nearly 100% accuracy. Geographical variation between samples from Nordland and Finnmark counties were studied. No significant multivariate variation was found between the female skulls. The male variation was highly significant; the Nordland skulls seem to have longer carnassials than those from Finnmark.


Against the environmental pollution problems appearing in the development of the chemical industrial park as well as its negative impacts on the residents,the paper takes the riverside chemical industrial park of Changzhou as an example,and conducts a comprehensive analysis of health protection distance,air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution,economic benefits of the park.And then,the paper borrows the isolation way of industrial and residential patterns of the chemical park at home and abroad.Finally,based on public safety perspective,the study gives planning guides to Changzhou riverside chemical industrial park from the point view of the adjustment of the industrial and residential patterns,the construction of ecological restoration system and the improvement of the technology and other aspects,in order to reduce the impact of the production to life,so as to achieve sustainable development of economy and society.


No matter what feature of banking industry itself is,or it compares the tax of other trade or the follow trade tax,the problem of high tax exists in the current financial tax policies in China.It is unbeneficial to eliminate the financial risk for many years,but also restrain the development of the banking industry of China.So "fairness,efficiency,internationalization" should be followed to change the present one.


Water supply systems and their complexity demands analysis of a lot of different variants of obtained solutions for different types of water supply systems. Nowadays, in addition to meeting the technological and economic criteria, it is necessary to meet other criteria, such as environmental, social, law and many others. Among other procedures, multi-criteria methods are very often used for the solution of such issues. This paper will present the use of the multi-criteria method Promethee for the application of technological criteria. The purpose of this is finding a technologically most appropriate variant of the observed water supply system, given that the resulting solution variants differ according to the input parameters and size of certain parts. In addition, this paper explains the scientifically innovative and, in view of engineering, applicable methodology (Critical Period Method) for sizing the sustainable urban water supply system driven by solar photovoltaic (PV) energy.


Islamic Education (PAI) has ore value in the cultivation of the values and character of the learners. Islamic education is the cornerstone of character development of students. Improving the quality of Islamic education in schools is intended as an effort to achieve goals through increased PAI minimum standards of achievement in the subject of PAI in the cognitive and psychomotor. Learning in the Education Unit Level Curriculum (SBC) requires  the active participation of all students. So in the prosess of learning, student-centered activities, the teacher's role as motivator an facilitator only it is cooperative learning. In cooperative learning activities of students during script really empower students to actualize the potential of knowledge an dkills, so it really fits with the constructivist approach develoved at this time. In cooperative learning, students are trained to be able to work together and recognize differences of opinion with other people. Of some kinds of models of cooperative learning, cooperative learning model used in the script is very precise and PAI learning as a strategy to improve student learning outcomes PAI. Cooperative script is a learning model that conditioned student to work in pairs and verbally summarize the parts of the material being studied. Analysis of the data used is a different test pairs of data it can be concluded that the use of learning using cooperative learning methods of students more active script and understand the subject matter. Students are also more willing to as the teacher, it is supported by a fun learning atmosphere, compared with conventional models, students are less active and the students seem less enthusiastic in participating in learning.


Nostoc flagelliforme,a terrestrial cyanobacterium,is distributed in arid and semi-arid steppes of the west and northwest of China.Cyanobacterial NADPH dehydrogenase(NDH-1) is an important photosynthetic membrane protein complex,and is essential to CO2 uptake,cyclic electron transport around photosystem Ⅰ and cellular respiration.However,little is know about the function roles of NdhK subunit in cyanobacteria.In this study,the ndhK gene was PCR amplified from the N.flagelliforme,and the expression plasmid pET32a-ndhK was generated and transformed into BL21(DE3)pLysS,and the expression of NdhK protein was induced by IPTG.After purification,the fusion protein pET-NdhK was used to immunize Japanese white rabbit to obtain the polyclonal antibody.The titer of the polyclonal antibody was detected and analyzed by Western blotting,the result showed that the polyclonal antibody possessed a high specificity.Therefore,the antibody of NdhK obtained in this study will further help us to reveal the functional roles of cyanobacterial NdhK subunit.


The paper discusses the trends and tasks of the development of the social and hygienic monitoring framework in the Russian Federation according to «Road Map 2030». The framework for state social and hygienic monitoring needs to adopt intersectional and interdisciplinary properties to meet the demands of data-driven decision-making and provide for a better risk management in public health, improving the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. This would also promote the enhancement of the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. The core of the Road Map is aimed to ensure the enforcement of the Russian President's Executive Order no. 204 from May 7, 2018 'On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Russian Federation through to 2024'. The development of the socio-hygienic monitoring framework relies on enhancing the support, including financial one, for a more informed decision-making on international, national, regional and local arenas and at the level of economic agents. The support pertains to the national policy priorities with respect to sanitary and epidemiological safety and consumer rights protection. The role of socio-hygienic monitoring increases both within the regulatory process and with respect to the justification of sanitary and epidemiological requirements.


Corn dry distillers grains belongs to protein feed. It has the disadvantages in practical use including huge energy consumption for drying and low nutritional value after drying. In U.S.A, about 60 % of corn dry distillers grains is DDGS, mainly used for domestic consumption and export; other 40 % is WDSG, directly used as livestock feed around the alcohol plant. In China, most of the produced and the consumed corn dry distillers grains is DDGS. Accordingly, the utilization of WDGS has huge market potentials.(Tran. by YUE Yang)


It is now common for criminals to generate proceeds of crime in one country and to transfer those proceeds to another country. For example, drug traffickers who generate enormous profits from the sale of cocaine and other controlled substances in the USA will employ professional money launderers to move the money from the USA to financial institutions abroad.


It is our goal to gain recognition for the Journal of Global Marketing among the top-tier journals and attract the best research articles with a global, crosscultural, and/or cross-national research in marketing. Presently, a special issue titled, "Media Entrepreneurship and Innovation Marketing in Eastern Europe and the Middle East" is Guest Edited by Veland Ramadani, South-East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia and Amir Emami, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy. The deadline for submission of manuscripts for the special issue is July 31, 2019. The details of the special issues are available at the Journal homepage (web link given in the References section.) We welcome all scholars to contact me if you would like to recommend or review a book. I would also like to invite you to submit your best research articles in the international, cross-cultural, and cross-national areas for publication consideration in the Journal of Global Marketing, JGM. Please visit the journal website (web link provided in the References section) to check out our Associate Editors and ERB members as well as review a list of research topics covered in the journal. It is my pleasure to welcome you to Volume 31, Number 3 issue of the Journal of Global Marketing, JGM. In this issue, we have included four excellent articles on new research focusing on the determinants of export success. We have also included an excellent book review by Dr. Lascu.


Designed capacity's enhancement needs to carry on the long-term accumulation of design knowledge,the material,the experience.The article unifies author's teaching and the design experience,carries on the analysis and the discussion from five aspects such as design project description explanation and analysis;plan idea;plan production and construction;the plan that deliberates graphical representation thought;the plan deepening and expression.It points out only strengthen to the architecture specialized understanding,form the good design habit,the promotion design quality and the design training,can sharpen the designed capacity.


An investigation is made of the specific features of the excitation of (pseudo) quasi bulk surface waves. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of wave fields associated with "non-physical" plane wave solutions. As illustrations, numerical computations have been performed for SH-waves and quasi-longitudinal leaky waves in quartz.


This paper aims to provide a descriptive, analytical, and reflective approach to the work of Brazilian architect Eduardo de Almeida. The method of this approach is a promenade through 54 years of work, following an interpretive walk Almeida proposed in his last lecture in Sao Paulo, in 2014. Visions of the creator and the critic are intertwined here, based on interpreting works and ideas. The focal points of the text highlight some key features of the oeuvre of the architect: rigor, rationality, tectonic and modular thinking, sensitivity, and discretion. These elements define, as well as determinate, the results of the discussed projects. Although for methodological reasons we do not intend to reach any conclusion, this promenade demonstrates that the creative work developed by Almeida was the result of a constant overlapping of clarifying layers of rationality and analysis of his own architectural practice, which, determined by the profession, helped to build the architect's position.


Eisbach made it possible to write custom methods within Isabelle's proof language, Isar. However, it still remains difficult to write custom methods correctly. We are developing a proof tracer for compound methods, which serves as a debugger for Eisbach methods. By remembering backtracked proof attempts of Eisbach methods, the tracer helps users realise where and how their methods go wrong.


This study explores the circulation of Bourdieu's symbolic capital at the level of face-to-face interactions. Recounting a single interaction between three individuals, this study provides an example of (1) the negotiated nature of capital articulation and (2) the relationship between identity practice and capital articulation, when addressed at the microlevel of interaction. Given a group task which forced participants to negotiate at an explicit level symbolic capital affordances, one participant – a non-native speaker of English in an English conversation – was able to articulate cultural capital by way of her links to academic institutions. However, later in the group task her attempt to index capital by way of her reflexive positioning as Asian was rebuked, leading her to disengage from the group task. This study emphasizes the need to analyze symbolic capital from the 'ground-up' for that is where its distribution is reproduced but also potentially transformed.


In this paper, the noise temperature and IF bandwidth of a 1.4 THz twin-slot antenna coupled NbN superconducting HEB mixer are thoroughly investigated. The RF noise and conversion gain of the HEB mixer have been measured and analyzed. An anti-reflection coating has been applied on the elliptical lens to reduce the RF noise, the measured lowest noise temperature (450 K) achieves state-of-the-art sensitivity at 1.3 THz. The measured IF noise bandwidth is about 3 GHz, which is sufficiently large for some astronomical applications.


The Wave Glider® is the world's first fuel-less autonomous marine vehicle (AMV) that harnesses kinetic energy from wave action to produce locomotion in the ocean; in an environmentally friendly manner. The vehicles are completely self-sustaining using solar panels to power their payloads. The platform includes navigational and control systems, and communication to an operations center via satellite. Navigational and operational control with full security can be transferred to a local set up via a master/slave system. This technology provides persistent ocean presence and a reliable data acquisition platform which can support numerous energy industry applications. Exploration & production has environmental applications for effective SEEP surveys and METOC (meteorology and oceanography). The subsea world will benefit from a cost-effective method for data harvesting (Gateway communications). The drilling industry will benefit from magnetic survey applications for better error control. Other applications can be customized and brought to market with a short turnaround time via rapid response engineering and qualification. To date, Wave Gliders have completed over 400,000 cumulative miles of operation in excess of 18,000 days at sea. In January 2013, the PacX mission achieved a milestone with the first Wave Glider reaching its destination in Australia, having travelled 300 days -25,000 total miles - collecting 2,250,000 data points. This talk will begin with a brief overview on both the current and new platform of the Wave Glider technology and its applications. We will then focus on environmental compliance case studies conducted off the coast of North West Australia where gliders were used in a baseline survey prior to commencing pipeline dredging work. A METOC survey followed by a detailed Turbidity study was successfully conducted to collect baseline data as a pre-site survey. We will then discuss the execution of the project and mission plan and explain how contingencies were planned and risk assessments conducted. This will be followed by a detailed discussion regarding the various technologies used for the mission and how this assisted the environmental aspect of the project.


(1) Heliophysics Science Division, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, (2) Solar System Exploration Division, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, (3) The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA, (4) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, (5) Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, (6) Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, (7) Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC 20015, USA, and (8) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria


The article deals with the numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer in the counterflow wet-cooling tower fill. Due to the complexity of this phenomenon the simplified model based on the set of four ODEs [1] was chosen. The used approach is generally applicable to the simulation of the distribution of moist air temperature, water temperature, specific humidity of air and water mass flow rate. Evaluation of the distribution of heat and mass sources is also done. Boundary condition for outlet water temperature are based on experimentally obtained Merkel number correlation. Numerical solution of chosen model was performed using Dormand-Prince method combined with shooting method. Results are compared with data available in the literature.


Objective To study the nursing of diabetic bedsore.Methods 15 patients with diabetic bedsore were carried with systemic nursing and local nursing.All patients blood glucose were strictly controlled.Results Blood glucose of the patients were well controlled and bedsore healed.Conclusions systemic nursing and local nursing are more effective in treating diabetic bedsore and hyperglycemia.It can rapidly correct metabolic disorder and improve the quality of life.


While current projections of climatic change associated with increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases have a high degree uncertainty, the potential effects of climatic change on plant species and their combined units population, community and vegetation are of increasing concern largely due to their huge economic value and ecological service functions. Many researchers have simulated the climatic effects on plants species or vegetation by using various models last decade. In sum, these models are classified into five groups, namely bioclimatic classification approach, ecological response surface approach, stand model approach, plant physiological models, and statistical model approach. In this paper, the author gives a critical review on advantages and disadvantages of the models, and finally indicates the potential trends of these models. In conclusion, various models should be reformulated with perfect tradeoff between robustness and sensibility. Only when these models reflect more accurately realistic relationships between plant species or vegetation and climatic variables, can they be employed to simulate responses of plant species or vegetation to rapid change in climate.


Robust algorithms for transfer learning in multirobot systems based on elements of the deep learning are proposed in the paper. The algorithms are based on using the sparse autoencoder. The main ideas underlying the algorithms are to extend the set of set-valued observations by training examples having uncertain weights and to apply the robust minimax strategy in order to find an optimal autoencoder for dealing with set-valued observations. An interesting scheme for transfer learning is considered for which source learning set is reconstructed by means of the sparse autoencoder trained on the target learning set.


— Information security has gained tremendous importance for energy distribution and energy automation systems over the last years. Security for the smart grid is crucial to ensure reliability and continuous operation of the smart grid. However, the smart grid comes along with new use cases that impose new challenges on existing standards like IEC61850. IEC61850 offers standardized communication services and standardized data models for communication in energy automation, hence it is beneficial for the realization of the smart grid. IEC 61850 is flanked by the standard IEC 62351 that addresses security and specifies technical requirements, which have to be met by vendors. This paper provides an overview about the different aspects of security necessary to build and operate smart grid systems by describing current and new use cases. The focus lies on the current state of the standardization of IEC 62351 and its applica-bility to the described use cases. Moreover, this work discusses potential enhancements of the standard to address potential shortcomings through changed business and operation models leading to changed trust relations in new use cases like decentralized energy generation and load control. These shortcomings are addressed by describing potential enhancements for part 4 of IEC 62351 allowing multiple parallel distinguishable sessions based on the Manufacturing Message Specification and proper end-to-end authentication as well as authorization.


Dynamic compaction is a widely used method for subgrade treatment due to its merit. This article presented example of dynamic compaction test in a liquid foundation project and investigated the relationship between settlement, ground heave and drop counts, the relationship between horizontal displacement and depth of soil, the relationship between drop counts, depth, horizontal displacement and pore water pressure, and the relation curve of pore water pressure and time during single point impact test. According to the conclusion before and after the testing, some appropriate engineering parameters were obtained and some advices were put forward.


AbstractWhole system strategic commissioning for older people is undeveloped; however, it is now rising up the agenda. This paper first looks at the development of a systematic approach to strategic commissioning. It then goes on to examine what is happening on the ground to develop a whole system approach to strategic change, particularly across social care, healthcare and housing, but also linked to a wider wellbeing approach. Finally, it examines the structures and processes that are being developed to support whole system strategic commissioning.


The Laboratory 'Landscape in Progress', of the Mediterranea University, opens on June 22nd 2018 with the exhibition 99FILES at MoCa-Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje, Northern Macedonia. It takes place with the patronage of the Italian Embassy, the Faculty of Architecture in Skopje and the Municipality of Centar with ABITARE as media partner.

This event is the first step of research into the Brutalist architecture realized by a contribution of 51 invited architects, photographs, video makers and 48 selected participants through an open call.

99FILES proposes to develop a reflection regarding the architecture and the cities of the Balkan countries. The goal is to fill a void that, often, the hegemony of Western architectural culture in the second half of the twentieth century has generated, marginalizing a rich architectural production that today is at the risk of being canceled.

The initiative intends to stimulate a different point of observation of the modern and brutalist heritage of this area, releasing it from the entailed negative connotation from the ideological legacies, while offering different interpretative directions of an important string in architectural thought. These are realities still to be investigated through new visions capable of recognising the role of important architectural heritage which represents the last urban utopia of the twentieth century.

By overcoming the ideological barriers, it is possible to re-read other modernities that have characterized the architecture and the city of these countries. It is then possible to reassign what is now perceived as "the unloved heritage"(1); architectural designs which are being canceled or left to degrade.

The focus of the first edition is the city of Skopje, capital of Macedonia, where the signs of this process are the most evident. The city is configured as an emblematic case for contemporary architecture and the dynamics that cross the Balkan countries. The city today presents a vast interrupted construction site. Destroyed by the 1963 earthquake, was partially reconstructed according to the Plan of Kenzo Tange (1965), conceived as a singular moment of architectural experimentation projected into an utopian imagination. The project of the Japanese architect was based on two structural elements: The City Wall, materialized in the residential system, and the City Gate, infrastructural and commercial node. According to the strategy of Tange, these elements were conceived as "metabolic megastructures" (2) that would significantly increase the city density. This heritage today is under planned actions that destabilize the concept of modernity in favor of an architecture that does not present the same levels of innovation and quality.

Currently the fundamental parts of the city are under transformative interventions envisaged in the "Urban Renovation" SK2014, that is cancelling a significant part of the modern and brutalist heritage through introduction of new eclectic style facades that are covering the existing buildings.

99FILES aims to stimulate a multidisciplinary debate on these processes, but also to affirm into international context the architectural heritage that has the potential to represent an important historical phase that is still not much investigated by the criticism and the architectural design.

Abstract written by the organising committee of Landscape in Progress, details available http://landscapeinprogress.unirc.it/about-us/

(1) Mrduljas, M., Kulic, V. (2012). Unfinished Modernisation, Kolorklinika, Zagreb.
(2) AA.VV., (2014). Findings, Youth Cultural Center, Skopje.


Most existing studies on flow resistance characteristic focus on horizontal or vertical narrow rectangular channel, however, the inclined heated channel can be found in many heat exchanger under ocean condition. Thus, it is necessary to do some researches on it. The experiments were conducted in a narrow rectangular channel under unheated force circulation condition and heated natural circulation condition. The inclination angles ranged from −30° to 30° with 40—60 K subcooling and pressure of 0.2 MPa. It was found that the friction factors for laminar flow under unheated condition were very close to the predictions of Shah & London correlation, whereas discrepancies occured when the channel was heated. The friction factor was found to increase with the positive inclination angles, but little response to the negative inclination was found. The secondary flow driven by density differences may be the reason for differences between friction factors.