Encyclopaedia Entry describing the Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity (CCO), a conceptual framework originated by Ekblom, designed to organise and articulate crime and crime prevention knowledge for policy, practice, training, research, evaluation, impact assessment and horizon-scanning. CCO has two facets: 1) an ecological (offender-in-situation) representation of 11 generic immediate causal factors that enable occurrence of criminal events; and 2) 11 counterpart principles of prevention based on interrupting, weakening or diverting those causes.


The ovulatory activity in Merino ewes from the central western and north-west plains of New South Wales was measured using material collected at Homebush Abattoir from March to November 1960. There were significant differences in ovulation rate and in the incidence of multiple ovulations between the two areas. The ovulation rate dropped from 1.38 in the autumn to 1.20 in the winter to 1.07 in the spring (P<0.01). This resulted mainly from changes in the percentage incidence of anoestrous ewes: from 1.7 to 5.7 to 21.5 (P<0.05).


Layered material heterostructures (LMHs) can be used to fabricate electroluminescent devices operating in the visible spectral region. A major advantage of LMH-light emitting diodes (LEDs) is that electroluminescence (EL) emission can be tuned across that of different exciton complexes (e.g. biexcitons, trions, quintons) by controlling the charge density. However, these devices have an EL quantum efficiency as low as$\sim$10$^{-4}$\%. Here, we show that the superacid bis-(triuoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) treatment of monolayer WS$_2$-LEDs boosts EL quantum efficiency by over one order of magnitude at room temperature. Non-treated devices emit light mainly from negatively charged excitons, while the emission in treated ones predominantly involves radiative recombination of neutral excitons. This paves the way to tunable and efficient LMH-LEDs


Compared with batteries, the advantages of capacitive energy storage include high power, fast charging kinetics, and long cycling stability. Owing to their layered structure and tunable transition metal charge, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have great potential to be applied as pseudocapacitor materials. Here, a systematic experimental study is reported on the impact of the Ni/Al ratio on the structure, morphology, ion transport kinetics, interlayer phenomena, and performance of NiAl‐LDH supercapacitor electrode materials, in which three NiAl‐LDH materials with Ni/Al ratios of 2, 3, and 4, are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The increase of the Ni/Al ratio results in more open interlayer space resulting in faster ion diffusion kinetics. Although an increase in the Ni/Al ratio introduces more redox active sites, it leads to degradation in crystallinity and morphology, which has a significant negative impact on pseudocapacitance. Electrochemical tests suggest that at Ni/Al = 3, the NiAl‐LDH electrode exhibits optimum specific capacitance of 2128 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with long cycle stability. This work highlights the complex interplay among compositional and structural factors on the kinetic and performance behaviors of NiAl‐LDH materials. Subtle compositional modification is an effective strategy to enhance the pseudocapacitive charge storage property of NiAl‐LDH pseduocapacitor materials.


The popularity of social networking sites continues to grow worldwide with varying acceptance in different regions. This study examines culture and gender effects on SNS use by comparing users from Saudi Arabia, a culture known for conservative religious values, to users from the United States, an individualistic culture. INTRODUCTION Social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter have become commonplace in today's Internet world. However, one observed phenomenon is the way in which these SNSs grow in some areas more than others. This study compares the perceptions of Facebook users from different regions and attempts to answer questions about the varying acceptance of this SNS. Facebook users in Saudi Arabia, a conservative and religious culture with over 3.2 million Facebook users (Facebook Press Release; CITC, 2010) were surveyed. An identical study was also conducted in the United States (US), a more individualistic culture. The study will try to determine what differences may exist in the effect of the two distinct cultures on SNS adoption and use. A significant number of studies on SNS use have been carried out in the US (Lin & Bhattacherjee, 2010; Lin et al, 2005; Shi et al, 2010; Sledgianowski & Kulviwat, 2009), but there are relatively few studies that have been completed in Saudi Arabia (Al-Saggaf, 2011). This paper will attempt to fill this gap in the literature by examining the impact of gender on both Saudi and US users' intentions to use an SNS. We begin by reviewing the literature concerned with culture and adoption of information technology (IT) in a diverse culture such as Saudi Arabia. Next we propose a model of SNS adoption based on a synthesis of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the IT-culture conflict, and describe the methodology employed in the study. Finally, we discuss the analysis of the data, and conclude with a discussion of the results and implications for both literature and practitioners. Al Beayeyz et al Social Networking Site Use in Two Distinct Cultures 71802 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW Culture The concept of culture and its relation to IT use in both the US and Saudi Arabia can be illustrated by the review of culture in information systems (IS) research (Leidner & Kayworth, 2006). The importance of noting the difference in cultural dimensions stems from the fact that culture will influence the design of any information technology system. Culture in this study is defined as a subset of the cultural national values previously defined by Hofstede (1980). From this research we can conclude that national culture has a significant effect on how IT is diffused. Recognizing the contrast between Arab (collectivistic and highcontext) and US cultures (individualistic and low-context) helps us develop an understanding of the cultural influence on the adoption and use of information systems. (Hall, 1976; Hill et al,1998). The current research examines Facebook, currently one of the most popular SNSs. An SNS can be defined as "web sites that allow people to stay connected with other people in online communities" (Kim et al, 2009). Previous studies highlight the importance of investigating behaviors that are associated with the adoption and use of SNSs (Tufekci, 2008; Sledgianowski & Kulviwat; 2009). The next step is to clearly identify which factors can be generalized across cultures and which are culture-specific. Gender Research on the effect of gender in the adoption and use of information systems has been conflicting (Johnson; 2010; Venkatesh et al, 2003; Al-Gahtani, 2008; Baker et al, 2007; Glass & Li, 2010). Furthermore, culture can have an impact on the ways in which gender affects the use of IT. Issues related to Saudi females being restricted from internet use have been reported in previous studies (CITC 2007, 2010). This point illustrates how Saudi culture can control the use of IT through regulating access to the Internet, specifically for females, who fear bad reputation is associated with internet use (Uthman, 2009). Social psychology literature has shown the importance of gender roles in examining behavior based on gender (Eagly and Karau, 1991). As the current study is also investigating the effect of culture, it is thought that the intention to use an SNS will be significantly different among male and female users in both the US and Saudi Arabia. The current study evaluates the effect of gender and culture as interaction variables, with nationality or country considered to be a direct indicator of culture as proposed by Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions. CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND HYPOTHESES Behavioral Intention – Intention to Use and Self-Presentation Beliefs The proposed research model is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) originally proposed by Ajzen & Fishbein (1973) in social psychology. TRA posits that behavioral intentions are influenced by both attitudes and social norms. In the context of the current study, behavioral intention is examined in the context of the intention to use an SNS. In the two distinct cultures being investigated in this study, it is expected that both culture and gender will have a significant interaction effect on the intention to use an SNS. Al Beayeyz et al Social Networking Site Use in Two Distinct Cultures 71803 Because using an SNS involves the controversial function of sharing personal photos, it is expected that particular behavior should be investigated separately through the concept of self-presentation (Tufecki, 2008). Self-presentation refers to the public image one projects to others including sharing photos. Therefore, it is expected that self-presentation beliefs, or the sharing of personal photos, will also be significantly affected by the interaction of both culture and gender. Attitude toward Behavior As mentioned above, attitude toward behavior stems from an individual's feelings (either positive or negative) regarding engaging in a specific behavior. It also takes into account a person's belief regarding the related consequences occuring from that specific behavior. Considering the current study is investigating the intention to use an SNS in two distinct cultures, it is expected that attitude will have a significant effect on the behavioral intention to use an SNS. Therefore, the following hypotheses are presented: H1: Attitude will have a positive relationship with a user's intention to use the SNS. H2: Attitude will have a positive relationship with self-presentation beliefs. Social Norms Social norm stems from an individual's perception of whether people important to that person think the behavior should be performed and should also include the weight of the motiviation to comply (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1973). What is accepted and even expected by the community which the individual values is therefore thought to have an impact on the individual's opinions regarding the behavior and thus, the likelihood of the individual to perform that specific behavior. For the purposes of this study, social norm is defined as an individual's perception of whether people important to the individual think they should use Facebook. Therefore, we present the following hypotheses: H3: Social Norms will have a positive relationship with intention to use the SNS. H4: Social Norms will have a positive relationship with self-presentation beliefs. Figure 1 Proposed Research Model Attitude


Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can help to standardize the individual characteristics of elderly patients, including physical function, complications, cognitive ability, emotional health, to obtain patients' individual information, and to assess the treatment endurance from the perspective of gerontology, which will contribute to optimize the treatment options. Studies have shown that CGA indicators have predictive value in the treatment and prognosis of elderly patients with acute leukemia. This article reviews the role of CGA in acute leukemia.

Key words:
Leukemia, acute; Elderly; Comprehensive assessment; Prognosis


Introduction Globally around 1.6 million individuals have died as a result of disasters per year. These disruptive events that happen in the world each day result in damage to individuals, families, and communities. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. All frontline health-care providers at the emergency departments of Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals during the study period were considered as studied subjects. Data were collected through a self-administered technique. Once all essential data were collected, data were coded and entered into epidata manager (v220.127.116.11) statistical software. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the findings of this paper. Results The result of this research study showed that 66.7% were males and 33.3% were females with mean age of respondents being 31.2 ± 5.8. Among respondents, 54% (52.9) % did not have an understanding of disaster preparedness. As a result, the majority of participants, 52 (51%), have inadequate knowledge. Most respondents have adequate attitude (57.8%) and only a few, 12 (11.8%), of respondents were very familiar with regard to disaster and disaster handling preparedness. In multivariate logistic regression, receiving training on the subject (P = 0.000, AOR: 15.109. 95% CI: 3.525–64.769), respondents receiving simulation in the subject of disaster (P = 0.015, AOR: 4.855, 95% CI: 1.366–17.260) and having a direct personal/professional experience of disaster (P = 0.003, AOR: 5.703, 95% CI: 1.825–17.823) were significantly associated. Conclusion and Recommendation Disaster handling preparedness, knowledge and familiarity levels were below those expected for emergency department nurses. Capacity building through training, education and simulation is essential.


Augustine's dense and probing thought about the imprint of the Trinitarian God upon human persons in De Trinitate (AD 399-422/426) provides an alternative spirituality of the self to that of a more individualistic Western liberal search for self-fulfilment through self-discovery. By referring to the Trinitarian images in De Trinitate and recurring to Augustine's self-searching mode in the Confessiones (AD 397-401), his quest may be said to inspire a mode of Christian self-formation that, sub specie humanitatis, rejects the "discovery" of one's "true self" – the sense that one really does possess a stable authentic core self, and that one can find it by following some process of interior self-scrutiny. Rather, for Augustine, it appears that to be human is to pursue the quest of selfknowing in a relational formation that opens into the life of the being who called one into existence. Consequently, the search for God (Confessiones) and for the Trinitarian imprints of God (De Trinitate) appear to raise the more serious questions that inform and shape Christian selfformation: Can one "know oneself"? What does it mean to be founded by a Trinitarian God? How does one know which goods to choose in order to construct a holy life? How would one construe a "Trinitarian life" for oneself?


The work-from-home practices initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a paradigmatic shift in how we work. Work from home (WFH) led to an intermingling of the domestic and professional spaces, and the WFH phenomenon has asymmetrically impacted women's work. In such a scenario, women professionals experience a greater work–life conflict, and the significance of family support comes to the fore. Studying this phenomenon in the Indian context is interesting because the primary responsibility for Indian women lies in the domestic arena. Female Indian professionals are expected to seamlessly fulfil their domestic duties no matter how demanding their job is. The multiplicity of challenges that affect women professionals' productivity at work only gets compounded when women are expected to work from the domestic sphere where the demand of domestic duties constantly confronts them. Several global scholars have indicated that the burden of domestic duties was greater for women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the burden of child-care, elderly care and cooking activities increased as outsourcing such activities was not an easily available option during the lockdowns which led to reduced work productivity amongst women. However, this study revealed that Indian female professionals reported better work productivity than female professionals working from their workspace. Indian women are used to fulfilling domestic and professional duties even prior to the pandemic, and Indians perceive greater satisfaction in interpersonal relational experiences rather than individualistic career goals. The study also revealed that family support did not increase when women were working from home, but the increase in family support increased women's work productivity. Findings also indicate that female professionals with children showed significantly lower work productivity than female professionals (married and unmarried) without children.


Based on the investigation and analysis with data and cases, this paper expounds the role of science and technology museum exhibits in improving scientific quality, summarizes the characteristics of exhibits, analyzes the current situation of exhibits development standards. This paper also expounds the urgent demand for standards, builds the framework of the standards system for exhibits development, and analyzes some key aspects of the framework in detail. This paper provides a train of thoughts in exhibits development standardization of science and technology museum.


Phase aberration due to tissues with inhomogeneous acoustic speeds is a major source for image degradation in medical ultrasound. In most phased array pulse-echo ultrasound systems, the delay used to steer and focus the beams are calculated assuming constant speed. In practice, however, the acoustic speed varies for different types of tissue. We present a method of estimating the phase errors between the elements of a linear array, based on signal representation in the spatial-temporal Fourier domain. Compared to the standard cross-correlation methods used for time delay estimation, the proposed technique shows better performance.


The evolution dynamics and nonlinear saturation of ion-acoustic drift waves have been studied experimentally for the case in which the wave frequency ..cap omega../sub i/ is higher than the ion gyrofrequency ..omega... In accordance with the theoretical predictions, the instability is aperiodic (..gamma..approx...omega..). The nonlinear saturation can be attributed to propagation of waves out of the plasma because of elevated transverse ion diffusion in the field of the acoustic drift waves.


This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel micro electromagnetic linear actuator, which exhibits two highlights: slider self-alignment and self-attachment capability. Such characters are realized by deliberately utilizing the attractive force between the permanent magnets (Nd2Fe14B) of the slider and nickel ferromagnetic cores embedded in the stator. Actuation is achieved via thrust from both meander micro copper coils and nickel ferromagnetic cores in the stator to the permanent magnets of the slider. The actuator is fabricated by the micro machining process. The surface magnetic property of the slider is simulated and experimentally measured. The eccentric experiment is conducted to evaluate the attraction force between the slider and stator, which proves its self-attachment characteristics. The device is actuated by two-phase sinusoidal currents with a 0.5 A amplitude under an open-loop condition. The slider demonstrates self-alignment movements before moving forward when misalignment occurs. The actuation experimental results show that the average velocity of the slider reaches 4 mm s–1 and 12 mm s–1 at 10 Hz and 30 Hz, respectively. Further increasing the input frequency to 50 Hz leads to the unsteady actuation state, indicating the actuator bandwidth is less than 50 Hz under an open-loop condition.


This paper deals with the calculation of the motion and the administration of the contacts for systems with many colliding bodies of round shape and possibly large size-dierences. Both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cases are investigated, while the eciency of the employed algorithms is compared. For the integration of the equations of motion, standard methods from Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Discrete Element Methods (DEM) are used and, to reduce the eort that is typically used for collision detection, some sophisticated administration algorithms for the neighborhood search are implemented. Especially for large systems with many particles with a wide, polydisperse size distribution, this is a challenge. In the following three methods, the Verlet-Neighbor List (VL), the Linked Cell (LC) method, and the Linked Linear List (LLL), are discussed and compared for 2D and 3D. Only LLL performs well for strongly dieren t particle sizes.


Introduction: Cardiorenal fibrotic remodeling (CFR), often in the setting of heart failure (HF) and kidney disease (CKD), is a major cause for increased risk in mortality, for which there are no ef...


Abstract Gay men appear neutral in Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002) outgroup maps, contradicting well–documented prejudice but perhaps masking disparate subgroups. Subgroup analyses test SCM on subordinate levels, generalizing beyond macro social groups in multicultural societies. Analyses also test subgroups as diagnostic for gays, investigating their meaningful differentiation. Pretests identified 10 distinct subgroups which undergraduates then rated on SCM dimensions "warmth" and "competence." As predicted, (a) three clusters emerge; (b) mixed stereotype content predominates; and (c) no subgroups are high–high, but (d) two are low–low. Perceived status and competence correlate, although unexpectedly not competition and warmth. "Feminine" and "masculine" subgroups replicate SCM locations for traditional women and men. SCM apparently generalizes and differentiates gay male subgroups.


Monitoring reservoir changes with time-lapse seismic holds the promise to significantly improve reservoir characterization and reservoir management. Relating time-dependent changes in seismie to the underlying flow processes requires inputs from: (1) geological modeling/geostatistics, (2) flow simulation, (3) rock physics, and (4) seismic imaging. This paper documents the results from a project that brings these disciplines together. In this study we have considered the forward problem for a 3-D reservoir monitoring problem: creating a detailed geological model, performing flow simulation, relating the dynamic rock properties to seismic properties, and, finally, imaging the reservoir at multiple times.


Helicase POLQ-like (1101 aa, kDa) is encoded by the human HELQ gene. This protein plays a role in ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.


BACKGROUND
Meals served in schools are significant part of proper nutrition of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to compare nutritive value of daily food rations intake by children attending to primary schools in Warsaw who consumed school lunches regularly with those who don't consume school lunches.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
From 2009 to 2010, 380 children in age 11-13 years attending to five randomly selected schools from Warsaw were enrolled. Dietary intake was assessed by using 24h dietary recall for 1 day before the egzamination.

RESULTS
45,5% of examined children declared the consumption school lunches regularly. There was no significant differences in energy and most of the nutrient intake between children who consumed school lunches regularly and children, who didn't eat lunches in school. The exception was sodium and iodine intake which was higher in children who regularly consumed school lunches. Sodium intake in children who consumed school lunches regularly was 3278 +/- 1251 mg and in the group of children who didn't consume lunches in school - 2919 +/- 863 mg (p<0.001). The iodine intake in the group of children who consumed school lunches regularly was 136 +/- 70.5 microg and in the group of children who didn't consume lunches in school - 102 +/- 59 microg (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Regular consumption of school lunches did not improve the nutritional habits of examined school-aged children from Warsaw. Obligatory standards based on nutritional recommendations relating to nutritional value of school lunches should help to improve the schoolchildren nutrition.


In the homogeneous earth dam design,reservoir water level sudden drawdown is often a control condition of the upstream slope.The judgment and determination of the wetting front location will provide a basis for dam stability calculation during reservoir water level lowering and a reasonably judging lowering rate of water level is a key step for calculating wetting front.The k/μv represents the rate of reservoir water level being relative to seepage free surface decline,which is used for distinguishing different drops of water level: gradual drop,quick drop or sudden drop,and from this value,the saturation line can be calculated.The permeability coefficient k can be given precisely by the test;the storativity μ is a key parameter to determine the saturation line location,but there is no perfect method to identify μ,and then this paper uses a suitable contrast value obtained from the formula calculation and relative table;the rate v to determine the pace of water level decline is given by different formulas.So,an issue on the reasonable judgment of dam-type and the rational choice of stability calculation indexes during water level sudden drop is proposed.


For underwater vehicles with protrusions (external structure), the geometric shape of the protrusions is bound to affect the local flow field of the vehicles during the moving process of the vehicles, thus affecting the generation, development and collapse of cavitation around the vehicles. The cavitation may break, fall off and collapse randomly, and other local movements may affect the motion attitude of the underwater vehicle. It is an effective method to study fluid dynamics to simulate prototype cases with small scale models. In this paper, we mainly use the small scale model test method to explore the cavitation motion characteristics of the vehicle in water with protrusions. Through the establishment of a set of vehicle motion test equipment under reduced pressure, a series of experiments were conducted on this basis to explore the motion characteristics of vehicle cavitation under different bump shapes. In this study, two high-speed cameras were used to simultaneously record cavitation generation, development, collapse and other characteristics, to analyze the bubble generation mechanism and scale characteristics caused by the bulge, and then to study the influence of cavitation induced by the bulge on the motion attitude of the vehicle.


The purpose of this paper is to study the stability of some unilateral free-discontinuity problems in two-dimensional domains, with the density of the volume part having p-growth, with 1 < p < ∞, under perturbations of the discontinuity sets in the Hausdorff metric.


Abstract
 The assembly (thing) sites in Shetland have hitherto not been systematically examined, and their locations are more or less unknown. The aim of this article is therefore to identify the locations of the assemblies in the so-called thing parishes and analyze their characteristics, using comparative evidence from other areas of Norse settlement. As part of this process, it is proposed that Rauaring, one of two "lost" parishes, was located on the island of Yell, rather than on the Shetland Mainland as previously argued. Close examination of the proposed thing locations has revealed a number of striking features, most of which have parallels in Scandinavia. This finding demonstrates that great care went into the selection of thing sites, although with some consideration for local conditions. On the basis of the strong site characteristics, a new potential thing site has been identified in the area of Benston in Nesting on the Shetland Mainland. Finally, it is argued that the first thing sites were established by early Norse settlers in the time before the Norwegian kings had established firm rule in Shetland.


Employer matching of employee 401(k) contributions can provide a powerful incentive to save for retirement and is a key component in pension-plan design in the United States. Using detailed administrative contribution, earnings, and pension-plan data from the Health and Retirement Study, this analysis formulates a life-cycle-consistent discrete choice regression model of 401(k) participation and estimates the determinants of participation accounting for non-linearities in the household budget set induced by matching. The estimates indicate that an increase in the match rate by 25 cents per dollar of employee contribution raises 401(k) participation by 3.75 to 6 percentage points, and the estimated elasticity of participation with respect to matching ranges from 0.02-0.07. The estimated elasticity of intertemporal substitution is 0.74-0.83. Overall, the analysis reveals that matching is a rather poor instrument with which to raise retirement saving.


This paper extends Milk's method for estimating urban population density gradients to general noncircular and asymmetrical urban forms, using Gauss-Legendre quadrature embedded in a Newton-Raphson root finding algorithm. We also examine the sensitivity of the Mills method to measurement errors in the assumptions. Several issues arising from the comparison of analytical, Mills type estimation procedures with statistical procedures are explored, particularly in light of recent work that questions the negative exponential formulation of urban density gradients. We note in particular the influence of secondary population centers as a source of estimation bias.


Mobile technology was used to deliver learner-centred experiences to visitors at a geology museum without compromising the museum's aesthetic appeal. Two Flash-based multimedia tours were developed for the Hypertag Magus Guide system and trialled with 25 visitors in November 2005. Trial participants found the system fun and easy to use, though they requested headphones in order to hear the audio clearly. Several suggestions were provided to improve the tours including creating stronger links between the tour and the museum's objects and incorporating more interactive and competitive elements. A structured multimedia tour approach is appropriate for visitors who can connect with the museum's narratives, though more flexibility is required to meet the needs of other visitor types. Mobile Museum Tours 3 RUNNING HEAD: MOBILE MUSEUM TOURS


An analysis of the results of conservative and surgical treatment of bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis over a 10-year period is presented. The results obtained indicate unsatisfactory results of conservative treatment due to the use of expectant conservative tactics, low surgical activity in relation to the treatment and prevention of esophageal-gastric bleeding. Early performance of surgical interventions according to the proposed combined method allows to improve the results of treatment in patients with sub- and decompensated stages of hepatic cirrhosis.


Using a panel data from on-the-spot survey in China's rural area,this paper aims to understand the progress of the implementation of New Cooperative Medical System(NCMS) and the challenges it faces at present.The results show that while the NCMS program performed very well in coverage,enrollment,and fund raising,farmers still knows little about the reimbursement policy and the program nature.The paper also finds that the programme could not meet its goal of providing financial risk protection against catastrophic illnesses.In addition,it also indicates that the behaviour of medical service providers may weaken the effect of NCMS because of inappropriate incentives.The policy recommendation is proposed basing on the findings.


A new scheme for designing the stable discrete adaptive observer for single-input single-output linear systems is proposed. Using Lyapunov's direct method, the asymptotic stability of the observer is established when the input is sufficiently general. Furthermore, the interrelation between complete controllability and complete observability conditions and the sufficiently general condition is made clear. Computer simulation is carried out for a second-order plant to illustrate the feasibility of the scheme.


Objective:To investigate the syndrome property of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) rat models by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS).Methods:Global physical signs observation of breathing,activity,coat,stool and other macro-signs and the images collection of the tongue and jaw were conducted dynamically at various time points after modeling.The micro-changes of lung and bronchial tissues were observed by using the methods of pathologic morphology.The syndrome property of animal model was determined by using comparison and identification of homogeneity between the information of animals and the clinical diagnosis criteria of the syndrome.Results:The rats in model group manifested dyspnea with rapid and short breath,frequent cough,nose and mouth of the tracheal secretions increased significantly,dry stool,urine color changed from light yellow to bright yellow,sallow dull coat,thin head hair loss,diet significantly reduced weight gain slowed down,the color of tongue and jaw was depth than the control group.Conclusion:By the result of disease,signs of the syndrome animal models and clinical characteristics and comparison of the various syndromes shows that rat model with passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS) was constructed with the"phlegm obstruct the lung"syndromes of acute COPD clinical at the closest.


Ion irradiation of the outer meters of a cometary surface produces new molecular species in the solid state. Because of the vacuum interfaces these segregate in an irreversible way into a non-volatile residue and new very volatile species, which are lost directly or lost when the comet enters the inner solar system. It is, therefore, likely that a comet exposed to background radiations in the Oort cloud would obtain an outer web of nonvolatile material which will lead to the formation of a substantial 'crust' (~10^2 gm/cm^2). Except for fizzures and break-off of pieces due to warming of subsurface gases, this mantel should be continuously hardened for a periodic comet due, primarily, to thermal processing. There will also be active regions which were shaded from the cosmic ray radiation.


Objective To investigate the antitumor effect of anthocyanidin on lung cancer NCI-H460 cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cells proliferation and viability were analyzed by cells count and trypan blue exclusion assay, the inhibitory ratio of NCI-H460 cells was measured by MTT assay, the IC50 value was calculated, cells apoptosis were detected by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, lung cancer cells NCI-H460 were subcutaneously injected into nude nice to establish cellular transplantation tumor nude mice model,and anthocyanidin were administered to the tumor-bearing nude mice,the kinetics of tumor formation and tumor growth were measured. Results After treatment of anthocyanidin,NCI-H460 cells viability decreased obviously, NCI-H460 cells proliferation were remarkably inhibited by different concentrations of anthocyanidin and the inhibition was both in time-and dose-dependent manner,the IC50 values were 90.8 μg/ml. The typical DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of cellular apoptosis were significantly appeared. Anthocyanidin can inhibit the tumor growth of nude mice.Conclusion Anthocyanidin can inhibit NCI-H460 cells proliferation, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor growth of nude mice.


A study of ion implanted zinc in GaAs has been made using four annealing techniques: e-beam, graphite strip heating, furnace annealing in an arsine ambient and laser annealing. The highest hole concentrations, 7-8 x 10[19]cm[-3] were obtained using electron beam annealing. Graphite strip heating and electron beam annealing were able to electrically activate 100% of the implanted dose. Laser annealing produced surface decomposition during irradiation which was reduced by using a diffuser. The effect of strain on the activation of the zinc has been demonstrated by comparing chemical vapour deposited Si[3]N[4] with reactively evaporated AIN encapsulants. A model for the activation of zinc in GaAs has been formulated to take into account the different annealing techniques used for solid phase recrystallisation. The electrical and structural properties of 1 x 10[14] Se[+]cm[-2], 100-400 kV and 5 x 10[12] Se[++]cm[-2], 350 kV implants into (100) semi-insulating GaAs have been studied. Peak carrier concentrations of 5 x 10[18] cm[-3] have been measured and mobilities of 4000 cm[2]V[-1]s[-1] obtained for low dose implants (n = 1-2 x 10[17]cm[-3]) by annealing samples on a graphite strip heater. Si[3]N[4] and AIN have been used as encapsulants. Comparisons are made with capless annealing in an arsine ambient. A model for the activation of selenium in GaAs relates the activation energy of diffusion with the rate of electrical activation of selenium.


Vegetated slopes are more resistant against mass movements and water erosion. The vegetation contributes to the stability of the soil mainly by increased strength shear soil provided by the reinforcement of roots. A vegetation species, vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty), has be proven effective and cost low in slope stabilization. This study presents the results of direct shear tests on soil samples without vegetation and soils covered with vetiver at the age of one, two and three years of planting. In addition, the study evaluates the results of direct shear tests on soil samples from the same soil without vegetation and soil of slope with vetiver coverage at the age of seven years in order to verify the effect of this plant on improving the parameters of strength shear soil. The results show the efficiency of vetiver in improving the strength parameters, mainly related increased the apparent cohesion offered to the soil. It was observed that the application of vetiver as slope stabilization technique is efficient, but is a long-term process, the plant needs some care until complete establishment and consists of a stabilization method for surfaces of ruptures shallow.


Stigma reduction programing has come a long way since the beginning of the 21st century. There has been increased interest in measurement development, which in turn has led to a steady increase in studies examining risk and protective factors for various types of stigma. Though initially underrepresented, interest in structural stigma and the stigma associated with substance use disorders has increased, with the recognition that individuals with substance use problems and those with comorbid mental health and substance use disorders are among the most stigmatized and disadvantaged of any groups. There also has been steady growth in studies examining cultural aspects of stigma, including several international comparisons. There is a growing evidence base supporting best practices in stigma reduction. This chapter reviews some of the key lessons learned from the antistigma work undertaken as part of the Opening Minds antistigma initiative of the Mental Health Commission of Canada and makes suggestions for future directions.


The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) considers trade facilitation as a driving force in forming a single market and a single production base. This paper constructs an ASEAN scorecard for measuring the performance of trade facilitation strategic plans by ASEAN member states. Next, a structural gravity model is used in the paper in order to estimate the trade facilitation performance influence on ASEAN trade flows. The fact that the indicator of easing Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) and institutional coordination, on the one hand, and the ASEAN member states' engagement indicator, on the other, had the highest enforcement scores in ASEAN in the period 2017-2019. Those two indicators also exert the biggest influence on ASEAN trade flows, especially ASEAN extra-regional trade.


The development in the world is clear, more and more people move into cities. With this de-velopment comes a military challenge, urban conflicts will also increase. Theorists in urban warfare expla ...


Hectic fever and sweating caused by vasomotor dysfunction is the most common and characteristic syndrome of perimenopausal period syndrome(PPS).Deficiency of kidney is the main pathogenesis,and incoordination between nutrent Qi and defensive Qi and adverseness of Shaoyang cardinal is the crucial mechanism for hectic fever and sweating.The classification of PPS include syndrome of deficiency of kidney-Yin,syndrome of deficiency of both Yin and Yang of kidney,syndrome of disharmony between nutrient Qi and defensive Qi and disorder of meridian-Qi.The different therapertic methods include nourishing kidney-Yin combined with suppressing hyperactive Yang and calming down the floating Yang for arresting sweatinging,harmonizing Yin and Yang,promoting flow Sanjiao.The methods can treat based on pulse and syndrome.


We propose a model for studying the statistical properties of adaptive walks on correlated fitness landscapes which are established in genotype spaces of complex structure. The fitness distribution on the genotype space follows either the bivariate Gaussian distribution or the bivariate exponential distribution. In both cases the degree of correlation of the fitness landscape can be tuned by using a single parameter. To perform the adaptive walks two distinct rules are applied: the random adaptation walk (RAW) and the gradient adaptation walk (GAW). While for the RAW the mean walk length, , is a monotonic increasing function of the connectivity of the genotype space, for the GAW is a one-humped function. The RAW produces longer adaptive walks compared to the GAW, though its performance is slightly poorer and thereby the local maxima reached by the GAW algorithm are usually closer to the global optimum of the fitness landscape.


Objective: To observe the efficacy of erythropoietin oxygen(EPO) in the treatment of neonatal hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods: 80 cases of newborn infants with hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy were randomly divided into treatment group(40 cases) and control group(40 cases),they were given the conventional treatment,and based on these,the treatment group were used erythropoietin(300 IU/kg) after born 3 days,first subcutaneously after intravenous,every week three times,consecutive 2 weeks.In life 14 days after a new neurobehavioral measurement(NBNA),born after 10 months Gesell scale,and by Bayley infant development scale was evaluated.Results: After 14 days for NBNA determination in the two groups,behavior ability,passive,hypotonia,initiative,hypotonia,primitive reflex and general assessment of five parts of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group,and score two groups of comparisons difference was statistically significant(P0.05 or P0.01).Born after 10 months,Gesell scale evaluation was used in the two groups,the kinetic energy area,meticulous motion can area,language can area,the district DQ of personal social can area and social adaptation can area five can score of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group,there were significant differences in the two groups(P0.05 or P0.01).Comparison in the two groups born after 10 months,Bayley infant development scale assess,the treatment group intelligent development index(MDI) and sports development index(the PDI) were higher than those of the control group,there were significant differences in the two groups(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion: Erythropoietin in the treatment of neonatal hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy affirmation,the efficacy is definite,and can be popularized.


Summary Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry was used to probe the structure of the new N-linked oligosaccharide in fibrinogen Kaiserslautern (γ 380 Lys→Asn). The mass increase of 2177 Da in the new γ chain indicated the attachment of a fully sialylated biantennary oligosaccharide on the new Asn residue; the expected increase for this change being 2192 Da. Some 95% of the new oligosaccharide was in the disialylated state while only 5% of the endogenous γ chain carbohydrate was disialylated in the control. Mass measurements of intact Kaiserslautern γ chains after neuraminidase treatment of the native fibrinogen confirmed a total of three residues of sialic acid in the dominant isoform. Incubation with endoglycosidase F showed that the new oligosaccharide was more resistant to hydrolysis than the endogenous one. Recent X-ray analyses of covalently linked D domains show that position γ 380 is distant from both the GPR binding pocket and the D-D interface. It appears that the polymerisation defect of this fibrinogen results from electrostatic repulsion between condensing protofibrils and that this is induced by the two new residues of sialic acid that are present on the new γ chain.


We present a computer-supported system for monitoring and quality control in a supply chain in the automotive industry. A standardized general model of a factory revealing the structure of the important business and manufacture functions, including functions of the CAQ (computer-aided quality) system, is defined. Within the model there is an emphasis on (I) the measurement and control of processes and products, and (2) the management of nonconformities and systematic corrective and preventive action and continual improvement. For illustration, two case studies of successful CAQ-system implementations are demonstrated.


AbstractThis study has attempted to address a challenging problem in winter road maintenance, namely road surface condition (RSC) forecasting. A novel conceptual framework for short-term road surface condition forecasting is proposed. This framework is designed to consider all important conditional factors, including weather, traffic, and maintenance operations. Salt applications are modeled by considering a history instead of one single-time interval of salting operations. In this way, the variation of snow/ice melting speed caused by both residual salt amounts and salt-contaminant mixing state is effectively incorporated in the forecasting model, enabling accurate short-term forecasting for contaminant layers. This approach practically circumvents a major limitation of previous studies, making the postsalting RSC forecasting more reliable and accurate. Under this model framework, several advanced time series modeling methodologies are introduced into the analysis in order to capture the highly complex i...


Summary form only given. A bidirectional transmission over a single fiber is cost-effective in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) self-healing ring network. A bidirectional wavelength add/drop multiplexer (B-WADM) is a key component in the realization of this optical network. Several configurations of B-WADM have been proposed and demonstrated. We propose a new structure of B-WADM using multiport optical circulators and fiber Bragg gratings.


CECT shows a solid cystic lesion in the posterior fossa with proximal triventricular hydrocephalus (Fig 1). T1WI shows a hypointense lesion in the cerebellum in midline (Fig 2a). T2WI shows a hyperintense lesion in the posterior fossa region with an effaced 4th ventricle (Fig 2b). Post contrast T1WI shows peripheral enhancement of the cyst wall with an eccentric enhancing mural nodule (Fig 3). On MRS the lesion shows lactate doublet at 1.3ppm with reduced Cr and NAA with elevated Cho peak (Fig 4). Discussion:


In the rat anococcygeus muscle, diazepam (1·8 times 10−6 − 2·8 times 10−5 M), dipyridamole (2 times 10−6 − 3·2 times 10−5 M) and ATP (2 times 10−4 − 6·4 times 10−3 M) concentration‐dependently inhibited the motor response to field stimulation. Glycine (up to 7·5 times 10−3 M) and GABA (up to 10−4 M) had no effect on field stimulation. Concentrations of diazepam and dipyridamole which reduced motor response to field stimulation did not relax the tonically contracted rat anococcygeus muscle. However, at these concentrations, diazepam and dipyridamole potentiated the inhibitory responses of the tonically contracted rat anococcygeus muscle to ATP and field stimulation. It is suggested that diazepam and dipyridamole reduced the motor response to field stimulation by potentiating the inhibitory transmitter released during nerve stimulation. Also, since the time‐course of the effect of diazepam and dipyridamole on the inhibitory responses to ATP and field stimulation are closely similar, the results would tend to provide additional support for the concept of purinergic transmission in the rat anococcygeus muscle.


This research is an exploratory study that evaluates the potential for using a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality headset in air traffic control scenarios by considering whether they offer advantages in identifying potential in-flight collisions in comparison to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) displays. Presenting large volumes of data on 2D displays may limit speed and efficiency of air traffic control work. By comparison, virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience immersion within a virtual environment which facilitates different modes of interaction with large and complex datasets. Fifteen participants were involved in this explorative study, none of whom were trained air traffic controllers. Each participant observed a number of simulated flight scenarios using both a 2D display and a 3D VR headset. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data was collected using simulation event logs and post-observation questionnaires. The quantitative data from the simulation logs generally shows that potential collisions are detected more quickly using VR. Despite this, participants did not feel as able to detect potential collisions using virtual reality.


In this paper, we propose a simple and accurate approximation method for the sum rate of greedy zero forcing dirty paper coding (G-ZFDPC). Specifically, we consider a single cell scenario when there exist large number of users. We use a simple probablistic analysis and drive a quite accurate approximation for the sum rate of G-ZFDPC. The existing approximation results are rather complicated, while our approximation is easily applicable.


Detection of changes in hydrologic time series due to intervention by man or natural causes is an important problem. Although intervention analysis has been used in the recent past to analyze nonstationary hydrologic time series, the necessity to specify a model of change and an initial time at which the time series has started to change are obvious disadvantages of intervention analysis. An alternative to intervention analysis is a method which is based on spectral characteristics and an exponential moving average model. The basic objective of the research discussed in the present paper is to test this alternative method. The model is tested by using synthetic uncorrelated and correlated data with step and gradual changes as well as by using real hydrologic time series. The sensitivity of the model to different parameters is also explored. The alternative model is found to be quite accurate in detecting changes in hydrologic time series.


Racial Revolutions comes at a crucial time for indigenist policy in Brazil. Newly elected president Luís Inácio Lula da Silva takes over with several orders for the permanent protection of Indian reserves on his desk, completed but left unsigned by outgoing president Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Lula's party, the Workers Party, has a strongly progressive social platform on issues of racial discrimination but no track record or firm positions on Indian issues. Fundamental changes in Brazilian Indian law have been proposed and may come before Congress early this year. Three fatal attacks on Indians occurred in January 2003, the first month of Lula's presidency. One of these cases, the murder by youths of a seventy-seven year-old Indian man in Porto Alegre, recalls the fatal 1997 immolation of a visiting Pataxó leader while sleeping at a bus stop in Brasília, a well-publicized case with which Jonathan Warren opens his book. Finally, anthropologists who work with Indians in Brazil are still dealing with the repercussions of serious ethical charges involving research among the Yanomami Indians raised against senior Amazonianists by journalist Patrick Tierney in his book Darkness in El Dorado (2000).


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine and to compare the most utilized information technology (IT) investment decision methods between hotels with centrally managed IT, and hotels with locally managed IT.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were collected via a structured questionnaire from hotel managers in the USA.Findings – The key findings of the research are that evaluation activities for hospitality IT investments have not been performed widely and consistently. Although sophisticated evaluation methods have been developed over the years, they do not appear to have provided a satisfactory answer to improve IT decision‐making practice. In this study, significant differences were found in how IT investments are evaluated in hotels with centrally managed IT as compared to hotels with locally managed IT. The hotels with centrally managed IT tend to use more financial and non‐financial evaluation methods since all investments are expected to show a positive return on investment.Pr...


Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a nation shaped by the enduring effects of colonisation. For students educated in Aotearoa schools, success is defined by the cultural norms, knowledge systems, and values of Pākehā (white) New Zealanders. Research shows that, for students who sit outside this group, a main influence on their educational achievement is the quality of the relationships they have with their teachers. However, relationships in spaces shaped by colonisation (such as education), are hierarchical: they are defined by those in power and value is assigned to the dominant group's (Eurocentric) beliefs and knowledge. This article documents the steps taken to Indigenise the relationship between learners and adults in one school south of the Auckland central business district. It further explores the effects of disrupting the history of colonisation at this school (Kedgley Intermediate), a large co-ed school in the predominantly brown community of South Auckland, Aotearoa. In the years leading up to 2017, there was an erosion in school culture and a reliance on punitive punishments that reinforced power imbalances between adults and students. Staff had love for their students but lacked understanding of their experiences and values; they couldn't conceptualise the expectations the community had from those formally educating their children. Lalaga, at Kedgley in Papatoetoe, Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland), began with a majority Pasifika student population and a predominantly Pākehā staff as a whole-school approach focused on building relationships and moving away from a punitive punishment approach. We argue that, when time is taken to build meaningful relationships between students and staff, power is shared, and education thrives.


The paper analyzes the saturation effects in digital extremum seeking circuits used for MPPT solutions, providing them dynamical reliability and allowing a better fitting of MPPT parameters. The paper reviews the digital extremum seeking control technique, applies it to a photovoltaic panel and establishes the adjusting criteria for a better performance of the MPPT solution. Some simulations and experimental results are provided to corroborate the approach.


Grid compute is a new, state-of-the-art technology that by making use of internet and intranet. However the grid compute approach is more powerful and better than conventional internet in providing computing source, functionality, and interactivity. Unlike a distributed grid compute, the concentrated grid compute task do schedule function with a single unit, which ensured a high integrated system, and minimized the error that may happen. The optimum of work unit dispatch could be obtained when a suitable algorithm was used in operation. By having web service, and XML, the schedule function for concentrated grid compute task could be operated between multiple platforms. The consistence of schedule is supervised by a monitor program periodically in real time. The schedule function could be applied to different environment grid compute, such as LAN, intranet, and internet by modifying the task sort algorithm.


Following the Piper Alpha disaster and the subsequent public enquiry, Lord Cullen recommended that the Health and Safety Executive shift its emphasis towards an 'auditing of systems' approach, rather than an 'inspection of sites' approach. Although primarily aimed at the offshore industry, the implications for all industries are that management will have to develop safety management systems that encourage safe working practices, rather than responding to the consequences of accidents. In order to facilitate the recommendations, the Cullen report (1990) explicitly advocated the use of goal-setting as a technique that might be more widely used.


Over the past couple of decades, health care disciplines have made major strides to ensure that decisions and actions are based on sound scientific evidence. Nurse scholars, those who provide direct service, administrators, and educators have joined the effort to identify the most reliable and sound scientific evidence available to inform practice. In addition, there have been discussions and debates about various meanings of "evidence"—what counts as evidence, how to deal with situations for which there is no evidence of any kind, the role of experience and clinical "know-how," and how best to determine outcomes. Then enter the current climate of public discourse—a climate that casts doubt on science as a legitimate means of investigation and that questions the very definition of what counts as "fact." Of course, it is very difficult, often impossible, to unequivocally establish a "fact," even in the case of eyewitness accounts. But when it comes to evidence that shapes the very act of nursing care, nurses must rely on not only the conclusions but also the soundness of the methods used to arrive at those conclusions. The scholars and the practitioners of the discipline can, and should, have lively debates about the soundness of method and the conclusions reached. But ultimately in the moments of caring practice, nurses are faced with making the best choices possible, informed by knowledge of the science and by knowledge of the particular situation of the moment. As Thorne and Sawatzky explained, nursing is situated in particular situations that are complex,


Pineapple waste is one of the problems in Indonesia as a larger producer country of this fruit. Pineapple waste is used as a fermentation medium for bacterial cellulose synthesis. The study aims to obtain the effect of the addition of surfactant on the properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) based composite foam with the addition of Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The methods were conducted using pineapple peel extract as a medium of BC synthesis. BC pellicle product was disintegrated using a high-pressure homogeniser, and then BC composite foam was produced in the presence of CuO nanoparticles. The surfactant of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) was used. The foaming structure was produced using freeze-drying methods. The foam structure was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The SEM result showed that the CTAB as a surfactant makes a more homogenous porosity in the bacterial cellulose. The diffractogram indicates presented crystal peak found at 14°, 16°, 22°, and 28o as cellulose fingerprint structure, and there is a new peak in 28o, 35o and 38o after the addition of surfactant. The FTIR test showed that the surfactant treatment did not significantly change the bacterial cellulose bonds.


Field notes contributed by James P. Sandrock in a letter to James J. Dinsmore. Included with the letter is a detailed weather report for June and July. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly field report of summer 1985.


Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm on Gadila Village, Mansoura City , Dakahlia Governorate  , Egypt under alluvial soils of Nile delta, during 2017 and 2018 summer growing seasons as sake of studying the effect of potassium humate (KH) sprayed singly or in dual,triple and quadruple combinations (9 mixtures) with some micronutrients(Fe , Mn and Zn )on leaves photosynthetic pigments ; yield and yield attributes as well as nutritive and biochemical contents of sesame seeds. KH and micronutrients were sprayed; once , at 21 days after sowing (DAS) ; twice, at 21 and 35 DAS and triple, at 21 , 35 and 50 DAS. So ,a split plot arrangement with three replications was used , where number of foliar spraying times for both KH and micronutrients were allocated in the main plots however , nine treatments of different combinations of KH and micronutrients were randomly distributed in the sub – plots . The highest values for all traits mentioned before were attained upon foliar spraying of sesame plants, triple compared to those sprayed twice and once, respectively. Spraying KH and micronutrients simultaneously in a quadruple combination i.e.( KH + Fe + Zn + Mn )also gave the best values  followed by their additions in triple ,dual combinations however,  spraying of KH alone achieved the least values . Therefore , spraying sesame plants with( KH + Fe +Zn +Mn )three times achieved the highest increments for all criteria under investigation related to the quantity and quality of sesame .


Synchronous rectifiers are widely used in low voltage and high current DC/DC converters to reduce conduction power loss. For popular and reliable topologies, such as Half-bridge, Push-pull and Phase-shifted Full-bridge, the application of self-driven synchronous rectification has design challenges due to the existence of dead times. Existing solutions are not suitable for wide input voltage ranges. This paper presents a new self-driven scheme which properly combines the signal from the transformer and output inductor to drive the MOSFETs. This method provides a suitable solution for wide range input application, since the risk of exceeding the gate voltage rating is greatly reduced. The synchronous rectifier is driven during all the conduction period, and thus greatly reduces the power loss. The influence of the leakage inductance in practical application is also analyzed. Experimental results based on a 36–75V input, 2.5V/30A output prototype are shown to verify the proposed scheme.


In this work the measurement and displays of blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate are investigated practically using computer. The analysis involves the variation in blood oxygen saturation ratio and pulse rate. The results obtained are compared with kontron pulse oximeter 7840 device. The value obtained for the same person pulse rate is approximately equal to that obtained by the konton pulse oximeter 7840 device. The sensor used in this work is the finger clip. The advantages of using computer over kontron pulse oximeter 7840 device is that the data of the patient can be saved in the computer for many years and also it can be display at any time so that the doctor get file contains all data for each patient.


Intracoronal radiolucencies in unerupted permanent teeth had been described previously as caries, carieslike lesions," and developmental in origin.More recent reports describe these lesions as resorption of the crown of unerupted permanent teeth' found as an incidental radiographic finding, rarely in more than one tooth in the same patient.-' These often go unnoticed until eruption and then are frequently approached as an aggressive carious lesion. The coronal dentin usually is resorbed. This lesion is reported mainly in first and second permanent molars.--~ Only one canine, three first premolars-and three second premolars have had pre-eruptive coronal resorption reported. Recommended treatment-has included surgical exposure and restoration of the teeth to avoid progression of the resorptive process, which may weaken the tooth irreversibly. Close observation until tooth eruption is another alternative. This report describes three cases of pre-eruptive coronal resorption and treatment approaches.


The electrical power generated by using wind energy to drive wind turbine. This mechanical power can be converted into electrical power by using induction generator. Induction motor is operated as an induction generator and generates variable voltage variable frequency output. AC output of an induction generator will be fed to converter consist of uncontrolled rectifier and single phase inverter. But in this paper variable voltage source is considered as the AC output of Induction generator. So simulation was carried out considering varying source voltage with open loop control. Buck converter with SG3525 PWM Controller is used to stabilize the DC link constant. Arduino Microcontroller Programme is developed for SPWM method to trigger the gate pulses of Single Phase Inverter. These entire system is simulated on simulation software package. Hardware prototype model will be developed and integrated to the grid or feed to the load.


To address the public concerns regarding the consequences of climate change from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions, the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE-NETL) is actively funding a CO{sub 2} management program to develop technologies capable of reducing the CO{sub 2} emissions from fossil fuel power plants and other industrial facilities. Over the past decade, this program has focused on reducing the costs of carbon capture and storage technologies. Recently, DOE-NETL launched an alternative CO{sub 2} mitigation program focusing on beneficial CO{sub 2} reuse and supporting the development of technologies that mitigate emissions by converting CO{sub 2} to solid mineral form that can be utilized for enhanced oil recovery, in the manufacturing of concrete or as a benign landfill, in the production of valuable chemicals and/or fuels. This project was selected as a CO{sub 2} reuse activity which would conduct research and development (R&D) at the pilot scale via a cost-shared Cooperative Agreement number DE-FE0001099 with DOE-NETL and would utilize funds setaside by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 for Industrial Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D,


Having filmmaking codes and techniques, interaction design and sound design at its core, Cinematic Prototyping is a blend of design fiction and interaction prototyping, which enables the exploration and development of new product interactions, made possible by future technologies, without being restricted by the limitations of current prototyping platforms, such as Arduino. As such, it provides designers ways to fully concentrate on the exact interplay between product and user within a specific context. As emerging technologies are researched and developed in consortia consisting of industrial, academic and societal stakeholders, cinematic prototypes can offer shared spaces for dialogue, in which goals can be aligned and critical issues can be discussed. The video presents an example of a cinematic prototype that shows how a smart jacket could support veterans suffering from PTSD when experiencing negative outbursts.


Completed in 2019, Jakarta's first MRT system is providing much-needed relief to the congested road network of this city and to its population of around ten million people. Constructing infrastructure in a congested, developed urban area provides substantial challenges for designers, the contractor and client. This paper considers the design of the viaducts and stations within one of the MRT packages, and how site constraints impacted the ultimate solution. Also discussed is the impact of onerous seismic design criteria such as those specified for this project. High serviceability ground accelerations challenged the designer to introduce flexibility into the structural response, whilst simultaneously providing necessary resistance in the ultimate case.


Geosynthetics are planar, polymeric (synthetic or natural) materials used in contact with soil/rock and/or any other geotechnical material, for serving functions of Filtration, Drainage, Separation, Reinforcement, Protection, and Sealing, in civil engineering applications. There is a wide variety of products such as Woven geotextiles, non-woven geotextiles, uni-and bi-iaxial geogrids, geomembranes, various types of geocomposites, Prefabricated vertical drains, Rolled Erosion Control Products, geobags, geotubes etc., having potential applications in road structures-such as reinforced soil walls in bridge approaches, pavements; railway structures-bridge abutments, reinforced soil slopes; dams, canals and different ground improvement situations in soft soils. It is thus imperative that the performance of geosynthetic included structures depends on the nature of geotechnical materials, the loading conditions and the expected function the geosynthetic is expected to perform and is a complex geotechnical design issue. Though the application potential of the wide variety of geosynthetics is extremely high, the potential is yet to be tapped in our country, despite the fact that the major types are being indigenously manufactured, some to the International standards. The following briefly highlights the relevant issues.Lack of user Department Manuals and Specifications as well as construction guidelines. There are many grey areas, particularly in the railway and water resources sectors.In countries where high use is there, the manufacturers manufacture the product, as per clear Specifications which includes Manufacturing MARV values (MCA) and the user agency deals with Construction quality control (CQA). Importance of this is only now being realized in India.The existing Nodal agencies, primarily deal with Geotextiles (woven-non-woven) and woven geogrids and are not structured to deal with the entire spectrum of products or applications. Thereby, they serve primarily as Test Houses and rarely in a position to advise geotechnical performance.


an associate professor of elementary education, both at the University of Georgia, Athens. The work reported in this article was partially funded through a grant from the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia and several grants from the College of Education at the University of Georgia. An earlier version of this material was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education, Washington, D.C., February 26, 1999. Making the Tacit Explicit: Teacher Educators'Values and Practices in a Co-Reform Teacher Education Program


Every organization works for a purpose and has to undergo large number of processes and process is nothing but a conversion of inputs to outputs. During this conversion some input and output wastes are unavoidable but tangible wastes are useful inputs if used for recycling or for making different products. Here in this paper the emphasis is on some Waste Management Practices based on the case studies done at an Automotive Service Center, NATA Coaching Academy and a Passport Service Provider. These case studies were selected based on the fact that in service sector human element is more important and these were easily accessible. The main recommendation is that Waste Management is a way of life and it is to be lived and practiced daily to reach the apex. Wastes can also be classified as tangible and intangible wastes and the focus is also on the elimination of LEAN wastes like overproduction, over processing, inventory, waiting, transportation, defects, motion in Service Sector industries. The emphasis is on creating a Waste Management System which will help us in reaching the optimum in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of processes. The methodology has been simple to first diagnose the process inputs and outputs and identify wastes (solid wastes & lean wastes) and measure waste level and analyze causes for same. The introduced measures were like defining the clearance frequency of records, consumable wastes, e-wastes either to reduce, recycle, reuse the wastes in daily routine. The ZED (Zero Defect Zero Effect) Certification scheme questionnaire was studied which is introduced by Quality Council of India, National Productivity Council and Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises and applied for above service sector enterprises. The questionnaire is not yet applied for service sector enterprises. It's feasibility was checked and some improvements were suggested. The conclusion is that Value stream mapping (used in Passport Seva Kendra and Automotive Service Center) and waste management assessment questionnaire of ZED scheme can bring impeccable improvements even in service sector enterprises.


The article deals with the economic situation of the Yamal North in Civil war condi- tions. Based on the analysis of available sources and studies, attention is paid to the analysis of the local economy state. The author raises a question of the adverse effects of war- time factors, which led to the violation of the former economic relations of the region. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that on the basis of new documents (published and archival), the author clarifies statistical data on fish catches and fur production, the number of deer, raw materials, carried out by a cooperation. The author systematizes the available factual material and supplements it with new data. This material shows that as a result of the implementation of economic measures of the Soviet authorities and anti-Bolshevik governments, the economic situation of the region has changed. Special attention is paid to the economic activities of the Soviet authorities in the 1920-ies aimed at creating state fishing industry, factories, cooperatives, introduction of food requisitioning and other duties. The article proves that there was a decline in the development of key sectors of the regional economy, difficulties in food supply of Obdorsk and other settle-ments of the region, the deterioration of the economic situation of the population.


The basic principles of new technology for kiln process phosphoric acid were introduced.Medium-low grade phosphate ores could be fully utilized to produce phosphoric acid which cost was lower than that of wet process while quality was similar to that of thermal process.


The use of focusing X-ray systems depends upon the specular reflection of grazing incidence. These systems require mirrors with both excellent surface figure and superior surface finish. In order to obtain an efficient predictable method of fabricating such optics, Perkin-Elmer's computer-controlled polishing techniques have been adapted for grinding and polishing cylindrical mirrors. This process accurately controls the time that the tool polishes at each surface location to achieve the prescribed surface material removal.


Joint assembly between metal panels and skylights comprising at least one connecting piece (1) and an end piece (11) or flashings, where the connecting piece (1) has a shaped configuration? U? inverted presents near their lower ends with longitudinal projections (2) and at its lower end with a horizontal terminations as a support bracket (3), defining between the longitudinal projections (2) and the supports (3 ) a recess in which the seaming folds (12) of the end piece (11) which also has a shaped configuration? U homed? inverted at the ends of the diverging sidewalls count with folds (12). Thanks to the defined set of connection is achieved, a single bond, used regardless of the lateral termination presenting both the metal panel and the skylight, allowing lateral adjustment.


suggests, because the mill owners did not want their convenient pool of low-wage, relatively docile workers disturbed. Pay did rise in Lowell, but less so than nationally. Unionization, which the mills had fought tenaciously, at last became reality, but resulted primarily in the new locals acting as yet another check on shop-floor militancy. Women had always worked in Lowell factories and this did not change during the war. While women achieved some additional job mobility and higher pay, these advantages were balanced by the disruptions of wartime life. They faced the difficulties of maintaining families despite rationing of food, gas, and clothing. Miller takes issue with William Chafe and others who have posited the war as a breakthrough for women, claiming that such a view is class-biased and has meaning only for a few favored women. Basing his findings on some 70 oral history interviews, many with wartime workers, he adds much to our picture of the home front. Workers made real sacrifices by often traveling great distances to work long, punishing hours, to return to cramped housing and a hardly plentiful table. They were left with little time for the glamorous volunteer activities of the socially prominent. While the elite made illusory sacrifices such as cutting down on vacations, their economic control, threatened in the thirties, was reconfirmed by the return of prosperity. But the mill owners made no plans for new investment, and Lowell's decline proceeded apace after 1945. The respectable middle class benefited as well, but many of its members lost some autonomy. In an illuminating chapter on children and schools, Miller examines more of the war's detrimental effects. Miller argues that Lowell's youth were taught racist and militarist propaganda under the guise of wartime unity. Miller asks, why did the nation feel it necessary to go to such lengths to indoctrinate its youth? The answer to this question is based on the reality of mid-twentieth-century America, a reality which Miller does not always recognize. Given the support for the America First Committee, Father Coughlin, the Ludlow Amendment, and other manifestations of isolationism, there is good reason to suppose that without constant encouragement some people might have been unwilling to stay the terrible course from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. "Schools can teach critical participation" (p. 182), but it is fair to ask, when have they done so? The vogue for values clarification and critical thinking courses is the product of our era. Similarly, in discussing the expulsion of women workers from the factories during reconversion, Miller remarks that "only slight protest greeted preferential treatment for returning servicemen over women with greater seniority" (p. 70). Given the evidence Miller himself adduces of the patriotic fervor in Lowell and the genuine admiration for the veterans, how could it have been otherwise? Miller's style is generally felicitous, although there are scattered typos, and several seemingly unuseful tables. Miller has undoubtedly demonstrated that World War II had a harmful long-term impact even in the nation it so clearly benefited. However, he believes that the war had no purpose beyond the redistribution of class advantages at home. Its military dimension cannot be ignored, and we perhaps do not yet fully comprehend the relation of that dimension to domestic policy and everyday home-front life.


National surveys have reported declines in rates of home‐based fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last decade. However, socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic differences in FOBT trends and their changes relative to endoscopic CRC screening have not been evaluated.


The adsorption of PAEs from aqueous using natural zeolite and CTMAB zeolite was investigated by a batch technique under ambient conditions. Natural zeolite adsorption data were best-fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations, while CTMAB adsorption data were best-fitted to Linear equations. The results suggest that the adsorption on CTMAB zeolite involves adsorption process and distribution role and zeolites performs well as reusable materials for adsorption.


The primary objective of this study is to develop a method for prediction of failure of thin beryllium sheets that undergo complex states of stress. Major components of the research include experimental evaluation of strength parameters for cross-rolled beryllium sheet, application of the Tsai-Wu failure criterion to plate bending problems, development of a high order failure criterion, application of the new criterion to a variety of structures, and incorporation of both failure criteria into a finite element code. A Tsai-Wu failure model for SR-200 sheet material is developed from available tensile data, experiments carried out by NASA on two circular plates, and compression and off-axis experiments performed in this study. The failure surface obtained from the resulting criterion forms an ellipsoid. By supplementing experimental data used in the the two-dimensional criterion and modifying previously suggested failure criteria, a multi-dimensional failure surface is proposed for thin beryllium structures. The new criterion for orthotropic material is represented by a failure surface in six-dimensional stress space. In order to determine coefficients of the governing equation, a number of uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial experiments are required. Details of these experiments and a complementary ultrasonic investigation are described in detail. Finally, validity of the criterion and newly determined mechanical properties is established through experiments on structures composed of SR200 sheet material. These experiments include a plate-plug arrangement under a complex state of stress and a series of plates with an out-of-plane central point load. Both criteria have been incorporated into a general purpose finite element analysis code. Numerical simulation incrementally applied loads to a structural component that is being designed and checks each nodal point in the model for exceedance of a failure criterion. If stresses at all locations do not exceed the failure criterion, the load is increased and the process is repeated. Failure results for the plate-plug and clamped plate tests are accurate to within 2 percent.


In situ sulfuration in the cage of oxide nanoplate arrays by polysulfides to prepare sulfide anodes with high OER efficiency.


This article analyzed and studied college students' physical exercise habits in some universities in China and probed into the ways to improve the habits based on questionnaire surveys,mathematical statistics,study of related literatures,and interviews.


Rising Tides Act of 2011 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) reduce from 35% to 23% the maximum income tax rate for corporations, including personal service corporations; and (2) repeal certain requirements and limitations on the tax deduction for cash dividends received by a corporation which is a U.S. shareholder from a controlled foreign corporation and make such deduction permanent.


Background: The use of combination antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients is considered for the reason of expanding the spectrum of therapeutic activity to obtain synergism and prevent resistance where the use of combination antibiotics with different mechanisms of action is effective in resistance resistance. The use of cefotaxime-thiamphenicol combination antibiotics in pediatric patients with typhoid fever in inpatient care at Budi Rahayu General Hospital was 50% in 2015. Objective: This study aims to determine the use of a combination antibiotic cefotaxime and thiamphenicol in pediatric patients at Budi Rahayu General Hospital in 2016. Methods: This study is an observational study and the research design was carried out in a retrospective descriptive manner by processing medical record data on pediatric patients who were hospitalized at Budi Rahayu General Hospital in 2016.


: The immune system maintains a balance between the body's vital functions and infl uence of exogenous factors. Immune mechanisms are activated by the innate and adaptive response that allows the body to adapt to new living conditions, characterized by the simultaneous action of various factors. In experimental research in rats (for 30 days) the eff ect of moderately low temperatures (2–6°C), or in combination with electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) on the immune system to establish the features of adaptive-immunological responses of an organism as studied. It was found that the eff ect of moderately low temperatures compared with the combined infl uence of electromagnetic radiation had a more pronounced eff ect, which was manifested by activation of the complement system (increased C4 and C5), raised concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG) and enhanced functional activity of spleen (increased lymphoid follicles and their reactive centers). However, under the combined infl uence of the factors, the changes were less pronounced and modifi ed (decrease in C4 content), that indicated the development of negative cross-adaptation in the immune system of animals.


Researchers all across the world have been working extensively for developing system in health care domain. Many people are struggling to clear their doubts about health issues by doctors or other medical personnel to confirm or clarify their diagnosis. The health management system is an end user support and online consultation system. The system is fed with counts of various pigments and chemicals present in an individual's body which are necessary for determining liver health. Four algorithms have been implemented for this. This paper summarizes the predicted accuracy, precision and F-score of various machine learning algorithms and compares them to find the best suited algorithm to predict the impact of the liver diseases.


We elaborate on (future) evolutionary robot systems where morphologies and controllers of real robots are evolved in the real-world. We argue that such systems must contain a learning component where a newborn robot refines its inherited controller to align with its body, which will inevitably be different from its parents.


Contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals is a wide spread environmental problem. Heavy metals adversely affect plant growth, productivity and ultimately human health. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations of urea (1500 and 2500 ppm) and single concentration of ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA ) (100 ppm) on growth and metal (Pb and Cd) Phytoextraction potential of Cannabis sativa in metals polluted soil. The T2 (Urea 2500 ppm) showed highly significant increase in plant growth and dry biomass, followed by T1 (Urea 1500 ppm) on metals contaminated soil as compared to control (C1). Similarly T4 ( Urea 2500 ppm+ EDTA 100 ppm ) showed higher plant growth, biomass and highly enhanced the uptake of Pb and Cd in different parts of the plant than T3 ( Urea 1500 ppm + EDTA 100 ppm) in metal polluted soil, While T2 (Urea 2500 ppm) alone produced maximum plant growth and biomass than T1 (Urea 1500 ppm) when compared with C1.The application of EDTA alone (T5) (100 ppm EDTA ) increased the Pb and Cd uptake but declined plant growth and biomass which subsequently reduced the total phytoextraction of Pb and Cd. Conclusively,Plant growth and biomass really reduced in metal polluted soil but was increased in metals combination with urea .Addition of EDTA considerably enhanced metals (Pb and Cd) phytoaccumulation.


Material categorization from natural texture images proceeds quickly and accurately, supporting a number of visual and motor behaviors. In real-world settings, mechanisms for material categorization must function effectively based on the input from foveal vision, where image representation is high fidelity, and the input from peripheral vision, which is comparatively impoverished. What features support successful material categorization in the visual periphery, given the known reductions in acuity, contrast sensitivity, and other lossy transforms that reduce the fidelity of image representations? In general, the visual features that support material categorization remain largely unknown, but recent work suggests that observers' abilities in a number of tasks that depend on peripheral vision can be accounted for by assuming that the visual system has access to only summary statistics (texture-like descriptors) of image structure. We therefore hypothesized that a model of peripheral vision based on the Portilla-Simoncelli texture synthesis algorithm might account for material categorization abilities in the visual periphery. Using natural texture images and synthetic images made from these stimuli, we compared performance across material categories to determine whether observer performance with natural inputs could be predicted by their performance with synthetic images that reflect the constraints of a texture code.


Anna Barbauld's satiric verse has been omitted from studies of satire, including studies of specific satiric modes such as the mock heroic. Drawing upon her knowledge of both scientific ideology and the satiric tradition, Barbauld uses the mock-heroic mode in "A Fragment of an Epic Poem," "Washing-Day," and "The Caterpillar" to interrogate the process of satiric differentiation, whereby the satirist distances himself or herself from the satiric object. As she does so, she constructs an ethic of satire that questions the configuration of the mode as a weapon. Barbauld employs the mock-heroic mode not to "wound," but to emphasize the bonds that connect the "great" and the "small," the mock-heroic satirist and the satiric object. Meanwhile, she identifies the appropriate object of satire not as those considered weak or inferior, but as those who misuse social and political power. Ultimately, Barbauld's work suggests the significance of women poets' contributions to satire, which has traditionally been identified as a "masculine" mode.


We studied the effects of the administration of dexamethasone (DX) with or without thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) on the plasma 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3, 3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), T4, thyrotropin (TSH), GH, PRL, insulin, and milk production in36 normal lactating cows. A single subcutaneous injection of 10mg DX resulted in 21% reduction in milk production on the following day. While plasma rT3level increased 1.4 fold, plasma T3 concentration reduced by 52% 24hr after DX injection (p<0.001). Reduction in plasma TSH and T4 levels was small and no significant depression of plasma GH and PRL was detected. A prompt and prolonged increase in plasma insulin concentration was observed. Simultaneous injections of 10mg DX with 2mg TRH followed by an additional injection of the same dose of TRH5hr later, resulted in no depression of milk production. Plasma T3, insulin, GH, and PRL levels 5hr after the first hormone injection was significantly elevated. Plasma T4and rT3 concentrations 24hr after the injection increased 1.78 and 3.2 fold, respectively (p<0.001), but the levels of T3, GH, and PRL returned to their pre-treatment levels. The mean plasma GH level significantly increased. In the control cows, neither plasma hormone levels nor milk production significantly changed. The injection of 10mg T4 or 20mg GH twice a day with an administration of 10mg DX reduced the milk production by less than 9% on the following day. On the other hand, no preventive effect of concomitant administration of PRL (54mg×2) with 10mg DX on depression in milk production was detected. Plasma T3 level 24hr after the simultaneous administration of DX with T4 was 1.65times as high as the pre-injection level and the level continued for several days. However, plasma T3 reduced by 40% 24hr after the administration of either DX+GH or DX+PRL. The preventive effect of TRH on the depression of milk production caused by DX might be partly derived from a synergistic action of the enhanced circulating levels of thyroid hormones and GH. A possibility of additional favourable TRH actions on lactation other than through adenohypophysis also exists.


Since human beings are engaged in commodity economy by the mode of socialization production,market economy has been playing an increasingly dominant role.And also economic globlization has become a tendency of social development.Therefore,the traits of a state as the Economic one have become more and more apparent.The so-called Economic state is one that has become an element of social material production and in which government is the organizer of economic living.Govermment is regarded as the subject of market competition from the perspective of economic globlization.Affer the entry into WTO,our state state should perform the function,create a new rote,make reasonable use of resources and enviroment,flourish our country through science and education and exploit manpower resources.The rights of justice,safety and freedom in competition are needed to protect China as a developing country by means of economic law.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, which etiology is still largely unknown. Overwhelming evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a central factor in PD pathophysiology. Here we tested the hypothesis that the activity of complex I and II (NADH‐and FADH2‐linked mitochondrial respiration, respectively) in the substantia nigra are significantly decreased in PD. To test this hypothesis, we used two different mice models of PD: Mice that received a single unilateral intrastriatal injection of 1) 6‐OHDA (9μg ‐ a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin), or 2) A53T‐α‐synuclein (5.62E12 GC/ml – a molecule that attenuates synaptic vesicle recycling and neurotransmitter release). Control groups were injected with vehicle (fluorescent protein). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was evaluated by using our oxygraph‐2K system (O2k‐OROBOROS), in 2 mg weight of tissue permeabilized with saponin. Measurements were performed one week after treatment with 6‐OHDA, and five weeks after treatment with A53T‐α‐synuclein. Our preliminary results show that, compared to control animals, substrates of complex I (Pyruvate/Glutamate/Malate), in the presence of ADP (state 3 complex I), induced a reduced oxygen consumption in mice treated with 6‐OHDA,(50.65 ± 2 vs 78 ±3 pmol O2/s/mg tissue, p<0.001). Inline, compared to control animals, oxygen consumption in state 3 complex I, was significantly reduced in mice treated with α‐synuclein (31.05 ± 5 vs 43.56 ± 2 pmol O2/s/mg tissue, p<0.05). Moreover, oxygen consumption in the presence of substrates of the mitochondrial complex II (succinate – state 3‐complex II), was also significantly reduced after treatment with α‐synuclein (30.8 ± 4.5 vs 46.5 ± 5 pmol O2/s/mg tissue, p<0.05). No differences of oxygen consumption were found in the presence of PMG, but the absence of ADP (state 4 – mitochondrial membrane leak) with none of the treatments. We concluded that 6‐OHDA and α‐synuclein, two reliable models of PD, induce mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by PD, and open the avenue for alternative treatments aiming to avoid the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.


The development of sports in China has obvious difference and imbalance,high level badminton athlete also exist in the spatial distribution of particularity. Through literature review and data statistics of 2010- 2013 to participate in the feather in China 104 high- level athletes were investigated,results showed that high level badminton athlete in our country is in the east of Hubei,Jiangsu,Guangdong primarily area as the main hub,the distribution is inferior to the eastern region in the central region,in the western region of high level athletes is relatively small. Based on the status of such related authority departments attach importance to the imbalance of the distribution of athletes and differences,strengthen the different regions of the exchange and training of coaches,to promote the better development of our country competitive badminton.