The article considers methodical ways of forming auto mechanic students' communicative competence within Federal State Educational Standards of Secondary Vocational Education's requirements. Students' communicative competence formation is achieved by using a range of professionally oriented exercises and case studies in terms of of Russian language classes.


In place of the idea that legal history should search for a new grand narrative of law, written to persuade lawyers and judges and change the world, this article suggests that legal historians focus their attention on writing and teaching more particularized histories targeting a popular audience.


This thesis explores the NGO-led sector of mental health treatment for war-affected youth (aged between 15 and 35 years old) in Northern Uganda.


The invention provides a multi-type-based form loading method and system. The method comprises the following steps: classifying and extracting the line information in different types of forms: classifying the line information into main information and special information and respectively extracting the main information and special information in each type of form; carrying out field configuration on the extracted special information and carrying out fixed storage on the extracted main information; loading the head information in each type of form; and loading the fixedly stored main information and field-configured special information in the line information corresponding to the head information according to the head information. Through the multi-type-based form loading method and system, a form storing and loading method can be used for storing and loading the forms on a front page.


At the end of February 2020, the lifestyles of individuals all over the globe were drastically altered by the emergence of a new illness known as COVID-19. This study aims to analyze covid-19 pandemic and its impact on psychological distress, malignancy and chronic diseases. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two types, namely primary data and secondary data. Sources of data obtained through library research techniques (library study) which refers to sources available both online and offline such as: scientific journals, books and news sourced from trusted sources. The results of this study indicate that Covid-19 has a negative impact on the QOL of patients suffering from cancer, distress, and chronic illness. Furthermore, it exacerbates anaemia and fatigue in cancer patients, as well as hypertension or diabetes in cardiovascular patients.


In this paper, an approximate, Padhye model based TCP throughput calculation method is presented for mobile data services over HSDPA. The Padhye model is defining the TCP throughput based on two input parameters: the packet loss probability and the TCP Round Trip Time. In order to provide the input parameters for the TCP throughput calculation, an equivalent queuing network model of the HSDPA system is created, which includes the congestion points and protocol layers that are having dominant impact on the delay and packet drop. The solution of the queuing network model is described in detail. Finally, the model is validated with NS2 simulations.


Editor's Note: These short reviews of a recent paper in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to mimic the journal clubs that exist in your own departments or institutions. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Aziz-Zadeh et al. In the premotor cortex of the macaque there are neurons whose firing rates increase when the monkey makes goal directed movements and when the monkey observes similar movements being made by others. These cells are named " mirror neurons. " It has been suggested that by mapping observation of movements onto cells involved in the production of similar movements, mirror neurons help individuals understand and imitate motor goals (Gallese et al., 1996). Several studies have used functional imaging techniques to determine whether mirror neurons exist in humans. Neural activation in response to both movement production and observation has been described in Brodmann area 44 (BA44), located in the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (Iacoboni et al., 2005). In the left hemisphere, BA44 contains Broca's area, a brain region that has been the focus of intense study because of its role in language processing and speech production. The close anatomical proximity of mirror neurons to Broca's area has led some to speculate that mirror neurons may have played a role in the lateralization of human language. If true, the human mirror neuron system might also be left lateralized. In their Journal of Neuroscience article, Aziz-Zadeh et al. (2006) used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the extent to which the human mirror neuron system is lateralized. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) neural activity was recorded in each of four experimental conditions. In each condition, subjects saw movies of left and right hands (each hand was presented independently) with the index finger extended between two targets. In the static observation condition , subjects observed a stationary hand. In the action observation condition , subjects watched as the index finger moved toward one of the targets. In the execution condition, the observed hand was stationary, but the subjects moved their own index finger when instructed by an abstract cue. In the imitation condition , the observed index finger moved toward one of the targets and subjects did the same [Aziz-Zadeh et al., 2006, their Fig. made with the same hand as was observed. Images of left hands were …


The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) are emerging as one of the most important categories of AC machine drives. Therefore, different control methods are used for speed control of PMSM. In this paper, sliding mode and Extended state observer (ESO) are used to improve the speed control of the PMSM drive system. A sliding mode controller is employed in the outer speed control loop for tracking the speed of PMSM. Load torque disturbance is estimated using ESO. Performance evaluation of the sliding mode controller with ESO is compared with the conventional speed controller using PI. Better speed tracking accuracy is obtained for sliding mode controller than conventional PI controller


A careful analysis of the successes of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST) in running branch colleges with foreign university, Hong Kong business company, domestic enterprises and military academy shows that these approaches to cooperation conform to the inherent laws of higher education and represent the developing trend. Having promoted the fast, healthy growth of WUST, the cooperation may also serve as reference for the development of higher education across the nation.


Alterations in the density of myocardial ..beta..-adrenergic receptors (..beta..AR) induced by ischemia may be important in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic heart disease. Conventional binding assays in tissue homogenates lack the anatomic resolution required for cell-specific analysis of early alterations in receptor density induced by ischemia. Accordingly, the authors have developed methods for localization of ..beta..AR in transmural slices of feline left ventricle with quantitative autoradiography. Frozen sections were incubated with /sup 125/I-iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) +/- Z-propranolol for 60 min at 37/sup 0/. Non-specifically bound radioactivity was removed by rinsing the sections for 60 min at 22/sup 0/. At saturating concentrations of ICYP, > 90% specific binding was achieved. Specific binding was rapid, saturable, of high affinity and proportional to section thickness (B/sub max/ = 26.5 +/- 6.4 fmol/mg tissue protein; K/sub d/ = 10.0 +/- 2.1 pM; N = 14). Agonist binding showed the rank order of potency expected for ..beta..AR (IC/sub 50/ = 0.12 ..mu..M, isoproterenol; .18 ..mu..M, norepinephrine; .54 ..mu..M, epinephrine) and demonstrated stereo-selectivity (IC/sub 50/ = .013 ..mu..M, Z-isoproterenol; 9.5 ..mu..M, d-isoproterenol). Quantitative autoradiography with both film and emulsion methods will permit regional analysis of ..beta..AR density in large transmural sections as well as cell-specific analysis atmore » the microscopic level.« less


With the rapid urban development, the construction of public buildings in China has been greatly promoted, and the problem of large energy consumption of public buildings has also become increasingly prominent, with a stronger demand for close combination of public buildings and passive design. Based on the characteristics of theater space, this paper mainly studies the passive design method of large space, excellently integrates climate adaptability design technology with passive building design strategy, and explores the optimal passive design scheme for theater buildings, by taking the academic complex project in Central School of Communist Youth League of China as an example, with passive priority and active optimization for the principle from the aspects of climate adaptation and indoor environment comfort.


The lowest energy Fe2(CO)n(CE)2 structures (E = S, Se, Te; n = 8, 7, 6) do not have separate CE ligands but instead have coupled C2E2 ligands functioning as four to six electron donors to the pair of iron atoms. The exothermicity of such coupling reactions as a function of the chalcogen E increases in the sequence S < Se < Te. However, the monomers Fe(CO)4(CE) are stable species owing to the high activation energies for the coupling reactions. Thus, the thiocarbonyl Fe(CO)4(CS) is a stable experimentally known complex. However, the coupled Fe2(CO)7(C2E2) structures are preferred both thermodynamically and kinetically over isomeric Fe2(CO)7(CE)2 structures with discrete CE ligands. For the CS ligand, the previously optimized lowest energy Fe2(CO)n(CS)2 structures (n = 7, 6) with discrete CS ligands are now found to lie ∼11 kcal mol−1 (n = 7) and ∼30 kcal mol−1 (n = 6) in energy above the lowest energy isomeric Fe2(CO)n(C2S2) structures with coupled C2E2 ligands.


The ELISPOT immunoassay, where sdmples are spotted onto 0 45 pin pore-size nitro- cellulose and incubations are based on a BLOTTO/Tween system, proved satisfactory for detecting northern anchovy Engraulis mordax yolk in euphausiid Euphdusid pacificd guts. Polycloiid antiseruni to anchovy yolk was developed in male New Zealand rdbbits. The system detected 30 ndnnograms purified yolk protein with 15000 diluted antiserum and positively identified 75 % of cxperiinmtally- fed and frozen euphausiids


Background: Bacteremia related to urinary tract infections (UTI) is associated with significant levels of morbidity and mortality as well as extensive financial costs for hospitals. Enterococcus faecalis accounts for the majority of enterococcal bacteremia with urinary tract infections reported as a frequent point of infection.
Aim: To investigate different epidemiological characteristics and hospital procedures as potential risk factors for the development of UTI-related bacteremia due to E. faecalis.
Methods: In a retrospective case control study, performed in the Capital Region of Denmark between 2010 and 2013, we compared 51 patients, with UTI-related bacteremia due to E. faecalis, to 56 patients, with urinary tract infections due to E. faecalis but without bacteremia, through univariate and multivariate analyses.
Findings: In the univariate analysis male-sex was positively associated with UTI-related bacteremia due to E. faecalis with an odds ratio of five and the association was highly significant (p-value<0.001). Catheterization, admission to a urological ward and urological surgery were also positively associated with bacteremia and the associations were likewise significant (for all, P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, male-sex and urological surgery were found to be independent significant predictors of UTI-related bacteremia due to E. faecalis.
Conclusion: Male sex, urological surgery and catheterization are factors associated with UTI-related bacteremia due to E. faecalis.


The purposes of this study was to examine the present situation of merchandise assortment and informations in internet fashion shopping mall. Merchandise assortment dimensions were width and depth. Merchandise assortment factors for apparel were style, size, and color. Merchandise informations were investigated using price and fabric contents. The data were collected from 11 internet fashion site to investigate styles, colors, sizes, price and fabric contents. The data analysed with frequency, crosstab analysis, χ^2-test. The results were as follow: 1. Upper items(37.5%) as T, knits, shirts, and blouses were offered more style than bottom items(13.5%) as skirts, pants. 2. The 36.4% of styles offered one color. Basic color as black, white, grey, beige, ivory was 38.1%. 3. The 54.4% of merchandises carried same size. 4. Fiber contents was made up of cotton(44.2%), hemp & rayon(22.5%), and synthetic (33.3%). 5. The 75.1% of merchandise was relatively low price of below 50,000 won, the 24.9% of merchandise was rather high price of more than 50,000 won.


Due to the lack of reports about phytochemical analysis in the specie Palicourea guianensis
Aubl. (Rubiaceae), we planned this study aimed to explore the use of this specie as a new source of natural antioxidants. For this, 700 grams of dried and ground leaves were extracted with dichloromethane. The material obtained from the previous extraction was homogenized in a mixture of i-ProH-H2O (65:35). Then we proceeded with a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and finally with n-butanol. Fractionation was performed on each extract. The gravimetric yield of each fraction was determined and its antioxidant activity was assayed using the DPPH radical method, using as positive controls vitamin E for fractions of the dichloromethane extract and vitamin C for fraction of the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts. This research focused on the search of compounds with a promising antioxidant activity. However, our results showed only a low antioxidant activity in all the fractions evaluated. Subsequently, a phytochemical study was done with the extracts in order to identify their main constituents. In the dichloromethane extract (PgDC), some saturated hydrocarbons and high molecular weight alcohols were detected by GC-MS chromatography. Also, some phenolic and flavonoid compounds were detected by UV spectra, TLC chromatography and HPLC-DAD. In addition, a Cinnamic acid derivative was detected by HPLC-DAD chromatography. The aqueous extract was monitored by HPLC-DAD chromatography, showing the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant activity of the fractions obtained from this extract was better than for the other fractions, However, the activity was lower than the positive control.


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Specialists in clinical immunology and clinical allergy work with a wide range of illnesses, from very common and relatively mild conditions such as hay fever, to rarer and serious conditions such as anaphylaxis, vasculitis, and primary immunodeficiency. In Britain the specialties are small, and these conditions have often been managed by general practitioners or organ based specialists such as chest physicians, dermatologists, or ear, nose, and throat specialists largely for historical reasons.

Many of these doctors are knowledgeable about allergic diseases, but others are not; the way patientso problems are handled may depend greatly on where they live and the interests of the doctor who is consulted. This variation, the rising prevalence of allergic conditions, and the advent of the Calman report all gave impetus to a fundamental re-examination of future training in immunology and allergy Until recently, immunology has really meant "immunopathology", with posts being based in clinical immunology laboratories, the incumbent consultants predominantly laboratory oriented and trained under the auspices of the Royal College of Pathologists. Clinical work was limited. Allergy fared even less well, and most current practising "clinical allergists" in Britain were trained as organ based specialists (mainly in respiratory medicine) and developed their allergy interest in post. Academic posts have provided niches for clinical scientists with specific immunology or allergy interests who have often developed clinical services from their academic positions.

After much consultation, a joint committee of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Pathologists has drawn up two training programmes, one in immunology, and one in allergy, both of which will lead to the certificate of completion of specialist training (CCST). Flexibility of the programme to meet the needs of trainees with differing skills and interests will be a key feature of these programmes. Training posts have been allocated to major regional centres where …

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We investigate the mechanisms of incipient plasticity at low angle twist and asymmetric tilt boundaries in fcc metals. To observe plasticity of grain boundaries independently of the bulk plasticity, we simulate nanoindentation of bicrystals. On the low angle twist boundaries, the intrinsic grain boundary (GB) dislocation network deforms under load until a dislocation segment compatible with glide on a lattice slip plane is created. The half loops are then emitted into the bulk of the crystal. Asymmetric twist boundaries considered here did not produce bulk dislocations under load. Instead, the boundary with a low excess volume nucleated a mobile GB dislocation and additional GB defects. The GB sliding proceeded by motion of the mobile GB dislocation. The boundary with a high excess volume sheared elastically, while bulk-nucleated dislocations produced plastic relaxation.


Background & Aims: One of the challenges of multidisciplinary disciplines such as Medical Informatics, Health Information Technology, etc., especially for those who have just begun research in this field, is the lack of familiarity with some of the key terms and applications of software concepts, including frameworks.
Methods: This study is based on search of databases (ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, IranMedex, Irandoc, Magiran, Pars Medline and Scientific Information Database (SID)). This investigation has done with the websites and the specialized books with standard key words. After a careful study, 56 sources were selected and used in the final article.
Results: Frameworks are widely used in the field of health care and have produced valuable results. Considering the framework advantages in the health care sector among designing and estimating the systems in standard ways and comparing the systems in principle for identifying the gaps and introducing the capabilities, avoidance of reworking seem necessary. Therefore, after reviewing the literature we will explain about meaning, overlapping to the other meanings, components, steps, advantages, challenges, and the types of frameworks in general and their applications in the healthcare sector.
Conclusions: The results of this research can help the researchers for doing the new research and understand the important concepts of that, thus it can be useful in designing and researching projects for researchers and health care providers as well.


R. L. BERGMAN reports on the Navajo use of the mescaline-containing cactus peyote. He claims that their reactions to the ritual intake of peyote are beneficial and sometimes therapeutic, due to the cultural values and collective expectations which give positive meaning to the use of peyote. According to J. LUBART, the Mackenzie Delta Eskimo have failed to adjust certain cultural patterns and personality traits to recent changes from a hunting-trapping economy to one principally based on government welfare. This alleged failure, in his view, has resulted in specific pathological phenomena such as prostitution, female infan ticide, and suicide attempts. The validity of the author's approach and interpreta tions is seriously questioned by the reviewer. This section closes with a study by 1. LUBCHANSKY, G. EGRI, and J. STOKES of New York Puerto Rican faith healers' therapeutic practices and of the importance of spiritualism as a part of the cultural inheritance of Puerto Rican psychiatric patients.


This paper proposes an index for expressing the ventilation characteristics of an entire house to assist in ventilation design. The overall ventilation rate fulfillment (OVRF) index determines supply/exhaust rates with respect to design goals and to their balance in a multi-room house. The authors used the index to evaluate various ventilation systems using experimental results presented in a companion paper, which demonstrated satisfactory application. The index can represent the degree of fulfillment of the projected ventilation of an entire house. It enables easy determination of the effective operating range of ventilation systems under various conditions, including the airtightness of the house and external conditions. Future study will include qualitative evaluation and development of more accurate measuring methods on site.


Background: Operator safety during dental & periodontal treatment is a non-negotiable necessity. The production of airborne material, during dental procedures is obvious to the dentist, dental team and the patient. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate, the colony forming units (CFU) generated from aerosol during ultrasonic procedure in gingivitis and periodontitis subjects that act as a potential risk factor for spread of infectious agents for both operator and patients. Materials and Methods: The present study included 18 subjects which were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups. Group I (Control group) subjects were treated with ultrasonic scaling alone, whereas; Groups II & Group III (Test groups) subjects used pre-procedural mouthrinses before scaling & root planing (Chlorhexidine and Povidone Iodine). Blood agar plates were used to assess the aerosol contamination and were placed at operator's eye level, subject's eye & chest level. These plates were then incubated for 72 hours and microbial growth were quantified as colony forming units (CFU/plate). Different colonies were identified by standard biochemical methods. Results: This study showed that the antiseptic mouthrinses significantly reduce the bacterial CFU in the aerosol. Povidone Iodine was found to be superior to Chlorhexidine when used pre-procedurally. Conclusion: The following conclusion was drawn that the use of pre-procedural rinses significantly reduced the aerosol contamination and hence chances of cross-infection in the dental units.


A broadening and splitting of the axial spread function is observed when high‐numerical‐aperture (NA) oil‐immersion objectives are used on a confocal microscope to examine dielectric interfaces when the refractive index below the boundary is lower than the NA of the objective. The phenomena is due to total internal reflection probably as a consequence of the Goos‐Hänchen shift. If total internal reflection occurs when undertaking confocal microscopy, this shift creates obvious problems when the optical sectioning capabilities must be optimal in reflectance mode and more subtle difficulties can arise when examining fluorescent emission. Alternatively, deliberately inducing total internal reflection can be used to estimate the refractive index in component parts within foams, emulsions and aerated specimens where such measurements can be relatively difficult to make by other means. Furthermore, the examination of total internal reflection with a confocal microscope permits the phenomena of total internal reflection itself to be probed with very high illumination intensities without disturbing the boundary conditions with an external probe. Finally, other changes in the apparent position of the focus were noted to occur when high‐NA oil‐immersion objectives are used to examine specimens such as metal mirrors.


Undoped and Sb doped tin oxide thin films were fabricated by the dip-coating technique through a propylene oxide assisted sol-gel method. Atomic force microscope measurements reveal that the grain size increased after being calcined at higher temperature; while increasing the dopant content leads to a reduction in grain size and a corresponding increase in the concentration of grain boundaries. Positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis shows the defects are reduced with increasing Sb content to 5 %; however, further increasing the doping level to 10 % introduces more defects to the films. At all doping levels, the defects in Sb doped tin oxide films decreases significantly upon elevating the calcination temperature.


In this article, we have applied an autoregressive moving average, ARMA(2,2) model of order AR(1), AR(2), MA(1), MA(2) and SMA(12) to test the natural logarithmic monthly market returns of the of the closed – end funds of major investment banks such as Van Kampen income trust, Aberden Asia Pacific income fund, Credit Suisse asset management income, Scudder high income and Templeton global income. The purpose of this article is to eliminate the seasonality, to compare and select the maximum value of the log likelihood estimation of the different closed-end funds. We have selected the model with the best forecasting ability in terms of the lowest value of the Akaike information criterion, the Schwarz criterion, the Hannan – Quinn criterion. The software that we have used is EViews 6. We have found that the natural logarithmic monthly market price returns of all closed-end funds are a stationary series. We have concluded that the best fit model is Scudder high income, (LNMPSHI), closed-end fund as it has the maximum log likelihood value of -123.16 and the Akaike information criterion, the Schwarz criterion, and the Hannan – Quinn criterion are 1.65, 1.55 an 1.61 respectively. In terms of gradients at the estimated parameters, we have found that there are outlier values and significant fluctuations at the various observations of the coefficients vectors, C(1), C(2), C(3), C(4) and C(5) of the gradients. The gradients of the log likelihood function have been computed at the estimated parameters and the unsuccessful estimation are displayed through the outliers of the peak of the graph of the four closed-end funds. Credit Suisse asset management income, (LNMPCS), closed-end fund displayed less outlier values and not significant fluctuations at the various observations of the coefficients vectors, C(1), C(2), C(3), C(4) and C(5) of the gradients. Finally, the analytic derivatives were calculated based on the specified values. The real and minimum step sizes are identical for all coefficients vectors and very close to zero. We have used one-sided numeric derivative. The whole dataset is from 31/01/1990 to 31/12/2001. The total observations are 144 and the logarithmic monthly market returns observations are 143.The data was obtained from Thomson Financial Investment View database.


As religious diversity increasingly becomes the norm in American communities, it is imperative that America's established religious groups reflect on how they intend to respond. Regrettably, some C...


NISHIZAWA, 0., OHYA, A., KIN, N., NAKAMURA, H., SATOH, S., MORIYA, I., HARADA, T. and TSUCHIDA, S. Percutaneous Introduction of suprapubic Double Lumen Catheter into Bladder for Urodynamic Examination. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 141 (3), 371-372 A modified method of percutaneous introduction of a suprapubic double lumen catheter (8 Fr) into the bladder for urodynamic examination is described. This method permits to fill the bladder at the filling rate about 50-60 ml/min from the standard drip set, and the catheter can be


Objective. This article is devoted to a theoretical and empirical study of the problem of aggression against teachers. Within the framework of the article, the following research questions were posed: what is the frequency of these manifestations of aggressive behavior toward Russian teachers? Is the frequency of these manifestations of aggression toward teachers related to the teachers characteristics, in particular, because of their own aggressiveness? Methods. The study was implemented as an anonymous online survey, which included teachers from nine regions and five federal districts of the Russian Federation. The sample of respondents consisted of 5086 teachers. The vast majority of respondents were female (94%). The Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) adapted by S.N. Enikolopov and N.P. Tsibulsky was used to assess the aggressiveness indicators of teachers. To assess the specifics of teachers' ideas about the problematic behavior of students, we used the questionnaire developed by the Center for Socialization, Family and Prevention of Antisocial Behavior from Moscow State Pedagogical University. The Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests were used as the principal method of statistical data processing. Results. Among the most common forms of aggressive behavior against teachers, the following stand out: systematic violation of discipline, ignoring and refusing to fulfill the requirements of a teacher. A tendency towards an increase in the probability of perceiving various manifestations of aggression against oneself with an increase in the level of various components of the teacher's aggressiveness (a tendency to physical aggression, anger and hostility) became apparent. Discussion. The data obtained are considered in the context of various socio-psychological phenomena: projection, hostile attribution, the Rosenthal effect. Conclusions. A connection was found between indicators of teachers' aggressiveness and their subjective assessment of the frequency of conflicts with adolescents. The relationships between teachers' propensity for physical aggression, anger and hostility with manifestations of aggression towards a teacher from students such as negative attitude, disregard, direct and indirect aggression.


To meet the demand of high reliable transmission of transmission line protective relay signal, this paper presents the solution of the optical fiber circuitous channel and services automatically switching. The feasibility of optical fiber circuitous channel was demonstrated, the reliability of different services automatically switching are compared by using the method of Fault Tree Analysis, and the result shows that PCM services automatically switching solution can greatly improve the transmission reliability of transmission line protective relay signal.


A multiple-model adaptive controller that provides for reconfiguration in response to sensor and/or actuator failures is developed for an approach and landing profile for the short-take-off-and-landing (STOL) F-15 aircraft. Each elemental controller within the multiple model controller is based on a command-generator-tracker/proportional-plus-integral/Kalman-filter design employing reduced-order models, and each assumes a particular system status: no failures or a single failed surface or sensor. Filter residual monitoring is used as the mechanism for selecting the appropriate weighting coefficients for blending the outputs of the elemental controllers. The entire controller is evaluated against a higher order truth model with a selected failure, and the process is repeated for all failure modes of interest.<<ETX>>


Objective
To investigate and analyze the economic burden and family burden among patients with depression.

Methods
180 patients who diagnosed with depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-version IV (DSM-Ⅳ) had been enrolled randomly. The self-made economic costs questionnaire and the Family Burden Scale of Diseases (FBS) were utilized for investigation. 168 participants finished this study.

Results
The per capita total economic cost of patients was 21 650 Yuan, direct economic costs was 6 806 Yuan, indirect costs was 14 844 yuan. The total economic costs, direct economic costs and direct medical costs of hospitalized patients were significantly higher than outpatients. The total economic cost per capita, indirect economic costs, costs decreased by work delays and work ability impairment of urban patients were significantly higher than rural patients. Four factors of FBS such as subjective feeling, family life, home entertainment and mental health had higher positive answer rate, which was above 60%. The positive answer rate of family relationship and physical health was lower than 40%.

Conclusions
Patients with depression suffered high economic burden and family burden.

Key words:
Depression; Economic burden; Family burden


Power Internet of Things (IoT) is the application of IoT technology in the field of power grid, which can better control all kinds of power equipment, power personnel and operating environment. However, access to mass terminals brings higher requirements for terminal authentication and key management for the power IoT. And the traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) and identity-based public key cryptography (IB-PKC) exist the problems of certificate management and key escrow. Therefore, the paper proposes a novel authenticated key agreement scheme based on the certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC) mechanism. In addition, the proposed scheme is proven with the improved extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) security model. Finally, the implementation of the authenticated key agreement protocol is given based on the actual application requirement of the power IoT, and the analysis and comparison of the simulation demonstrates that the proposed scheme has higher efficiency and would be suitable for the power IoT.


Introduction The province of Saskatchewan supports the largest number of certified organic farms in Canada, making up approximately half of the farms in the country producing organic field crops (Statistics Canada 2001). Organic farming differs from other production systems in that no synthetic fertilizers or chemical inputs are used. Organic producers, therefore, must rely on other methods to suppress weeds and maintain soil fertility. Common practices in organic systems are to use summerfallow and green manure ploughdown. These practices reduce weed populations and can increase soil fertility, but can increase soil erosion and do not yield a cash crop. There is also evidence to suggest that soil microbial populations decrease when land is bare during the growing season. Partial replacement of summerfallow and green manure ploughdown may be possible with pulse crops grown as a cash crop. Pulse crops can be effective in weed suppression, nitrogen fixation, and formation of associations between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which increase plant uptake of phosphorus, a nutrient that is commonly deficient in organic systems. Seeding rates for organic pulse production, however, have not been established and organic producers must use seeding rates determined for conventional production as their guideline. These rates may not be optimal given that weed management strategies differ greatly between conventional and organic production systems.


This thesis presents a simple theoretical model of a Feshbach resonance between two colliding ultracold atoms and experimental progress towards the observation of such a resonance in Rb85. On the theoretical side, the inter-atomic scattering potential is approximated by a spherical square well potential. The potential supports a number of bounds states whose energy depends on the width and depth of the well. In the low energy limit, only s-wave scattering is present, and the associated scattering length for the process diverges if there is a bound state at the dissociation limit: this is the hallmark of a Feshbach resonance. The model also shows that the Feshbach resonance can be shifted to higher scattering energies by adjusting the well depth, indicating the presence of a quasi-bound state above the dissociation limit. On the the experimental side, a crossed dipole trap has been developed and used to trap ultracold rubidium atoms. The performance of the trap is characterized, and the thesis describes work towards upgrading it for an experiment to observe a Feshbach resonance in the F=2, m_F=-2 hyperfine ground state of Rb85.


As part of Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) Revision Project 2: Spatial Patterns of Rainfall, a procedure for estimating catchment average design rainfall has been developed. The method uses an empirical approach based on 2D grid interpolation. All historic rainfall events are gridded at various durations for a given catchment. Annual Maxima Series of catchment average rainfall can then be constructed for each duration of interest, from which design rainfall quantiles can be derived on a catchment basis. Using this method, sets of design rainfall quantiles were calculated for catchments in the Brisbane River basin as well as in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River basin. Corresponding design quantiles were also calculated using ARR2013 Intensity Frequency Duration (IFD) data and the currently recommended methods for deriving areal reduction factors. The quantiles were then compared to assess the advantages and shortcomings of the empirical approach; and to highlight any significant differences in design rainfall estimates between the two approaches.


The subject of the article is the battle route of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in the last year of the Polish-Soviet war. This formation was the strongest and most numerous in the Ukrainian armed forces in 1920. It was commanded by Oleksandr Udovychenko, a famous and very talented officer. It should be noted that the 3rd Iron Rifle Division was initially formed at the Polish Army as the 2nd Rifle Division, but due to the presence of many veterans of the 3rd Iron Division of 1919 in its ranks, which was also commanded by Udovychenko, it was decided to rename the formation. The 3rd Iron Rifle Division took an active part in the Kiev expedition in the spring of 1920. It fought on the southern section of the front in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi area. Later, in the summer of 1920, it took part in the defense of Eastern Galicia against the Red Army. It succeeded in several fights against the Bolsheviks there, among others at Sydoriv and Horodenka. Then it participated in further combat activities in Podolia. After 18 October 1920, the Ukrainian People's Republic Army had to continue fighting on its own due to the signing of a ceasefire between Poland and Soviet Russia. The warfare conducted until the second half of November 1920 ended in defeat for the Ukrainians, whose armed forces withdrew to the Polish territory, where they were interned. In this group there were also soldiers of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division.


Introduction: Tennis is one of the major global sports, with over 75 million players participating in the game in more than 200 countries affiliated with the International Tennis Federation. The upper extremity is particularly susceptible to injury in tennis because of the use of the racquet, which acts as a lever, and due to the effect of repetitive stroke play on the dominant limb. Materials and methods: Between July 2009 and October 2010, in a prospective study involving players at a local tennis academy, 219 tennis players were evaluated for wrist injury. A specialized injury proforma was filled up for these players and parameters, such as injury type, mechanism of injury, forehand racquet grip (eastern, western and semiwestern), missed time from game, and treatment (medical or surgical) were recorded. The players were grouped into low-intensity players (those with average daily practice hours < 2.5) and high-intensity players (with ≥ 2.5 daily average practice hours). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association of different wrist injuries with type of forehand handgrip. Results: Out of 219 players, 14 players were lost to follow-up. Out of the remaining 205 players, a total of 157 (76%) players were aware of the type of handgrip they were using, while 18 (9%) players did not have any knowledge of their handgrip. The remaining 30 (15%) players were found to be confused as far as handgrip was concerned. Out of 157 players who had knowledge regarding handgrip, 102 players were using the semiwestern grip, 44 were using the western grip, and the remaining 11 were using the eastern type of handgrip. There were seven injuries sustained in the wrist and hand. Due to the relatively small number of wrist injury cases, no statistical correlation could be derived between handgrip use and specific injuries in the upper limb. Conclusion: In tennis players with wrist injuries, different grips of the racquet are not related to the anatomical site of the j


The Advanced Cultural Studies Institute of Sweden (ACSIS) is an open platform for cultural researchers in Sweden. It is a coordinating and dynamic resource for Swedish cultural researchers, serving as a bridge-builder between institutions, disciplines and perspectives and linking to the transnational field of cultural studies. The activities of ACSIS are continually structured by the director, the research coordinator, the national board and the researchers, lecturers and doctoral students taking part in courses, seminars, conferences or other events. ACSIS supports interdisciplinary and socially relevant research that is consistent with a changing world in which media, art forms and forms of expression are increasingly encroaching upon one another, with new interplays between cultural, social, political, economic and technical factors, and in which different social groups interact and create both communities and differences that link up to or run counter to traditional structures. ACSIS was established early in 2002 as an independent unit within Linköping University. The centre is administratively connected to the Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture (ISAK). Its linking, driving and quality raising tasks are realized through seminars, conferences, publications, PhD courses and various forms of networking. The national character of ACSIS is guaranteed by a board with members chosen by all Swedish universities, and a chair appointed by the Vice-Chancellor of Linköping University. ACSIS concentrates its activities around yearly themes decided upon by the board. The theme for 2015 was mediatization, realized in ACSIS biennial conference 2015, a doctorial course and the initiation of the network project " The Everyday Life of Research in the Mediatization Era " involving the Board, administration and staff ACSIS board is elected for a three-year period, the current board is elected for 2013-2015 ACSIS board convened twice in 2015, and have the following members:


Background: In women, breast masses are getting progressively increasing across the board because of their mortality. Women are at high hazard in view of breast sicknesses, all the more ordinarily in instances of breast malignant growth. In numerous places of the world, breast carcinoma characterizes top in dangerous tumors affecting ladies with breast malignancy rates going from 1 to 8. By 2020, 70% of the 15 million new yearly malignancy injured individuals will be in creating nations. In the evaluation of clinically prevailing breast masses, ultrasound is a relatively moderate and effectively accessible symptomatic methodology that can be utilized clinically. The point of this exploration is to discover the accuracy of ultrasound in the determination of prevailing breast masses. Objective(s): To determine common breast pathologies with ultrasound in married women. Methodology: Ultrasound was done by using GE LOGIQ V5 and GE V SCAN with transducer (7-13) MHz in Radiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. From October 2018 to September 2019, 138 patients were collected through convenient sampling with the request of breast ultrasound. Statistical software (SPSS version 22.0) is used for the analysis of data. Results: This study was done by using Ultrasound with 7-13 MHz of transducer. Data of total 138 patients were recorded for this study. Ultrasound was performed and the findings were analyzed. Out of 138 patients, The Ultrasonographic findings and frequency came out to be: Calcific foci 1, Cystic lesion 2, Hypoechoic nodules 1, Abscesses 1, Calcific foci 2, Calcific foci with lymph node 1, Cyst with ductal ectasia 1, Cystic lesion 29, Cystic lesion & calcific foci 1, Cystic lesion with ductal ectasia 4, Cystic lesion with intramammary lymph node 1, Cystic lesion with left axillary lymph node 1, Cystic lesion with right axillary lymph node 2, Cystic lesion with right axillary lymph node 2, Ductal ectasia 10, Ductal ectasia cystic lesion with left axillary lymph node 1, Ductal ectasia hypo echoic nodules cystic lesion with left axillary lymph node 1, Ductal ectasia with left axillary lymph nodes 1, Ductal ectasia with right axillary lymph node 2, Echogenic nodule 5, Fibro adenoma 5, Fibro adenoma with intramammary lymph node 1, Hypo echoic nodules 11, Hypo echoic nodules with ductal ectasia 1, Hypo echoic nodules with right axillary lymph node 1, Left axillary lymph node 6, Lymph nodes 2, Macro calcifications 1, Macro calcifications with hypo echoic nodule 1, Right axillary lymph node 11, Right Intra-mammary lymph node 1, Solid lesion 27, Solid lesion with micro calcifications 1. Out of 138, only 3 women were breast feeders. According to this study, 57 patients had left-sided breast pathologies, and 81 had right-sided breast pathologies. Conclusion: Palpable breast masses could easily be characterized and localized with the help of a relatively inexpensive and a more accessible ultrasound modality. It should be the first-line investigation in women of all ages. only were According to this study, 57 patients had left sided breast pathologies and 81 had right-sided breast pathologies. Different investigations proclaimed that these ultrasound highlights, for example, oval or round shape, upgrade or nonappearance of back acoustic highlights, parallel direction, encompassed edges, sudden interface, nonattendance of encompassing tissue modifications spoke to a kindhearted bosom injury, while, unpredictable shape, echogenic corona, back acoustic shadowing and variations from the norm of the encompassing tissue paying little respect to resound design were viewed as steady with a harmful sore. It is also true that not all carcinomas fulfill these criteria and some do only partially. We then compared the ultrasound results findings with other studies. As compared to the study done by Havin A, ninety three participants (52.5%) had cyclical breast pain while 84 participants (47.5%) had non-cyclical breast in left side in 36.7% and bilateral in 30.5%. The pain was mild in 58.2% of participants, moderate in 30.5% and severe in 11.3%. The ultrasonic assessment of the affected breast classified the participants into 4 categories; normal (29.9%), tubular (18.6%), ductasia (18.6%) and mass (32.8%). Among the 58 participants having mass in the breast, 48.3% had cystic mass and 51.7% had solid mass. The mass was on the right side in 36.2%, in left side in 29.3% and bilateral in 34.5%. The ultrasonic features of the mass showed that 86.2% of cases were benign and 13.8% were intermediate.


We identify inefficiency in the National Football League (NFL) gambling market indicative of sticky preferences by bettors. NFL teams that qualified for the playoffs in the prior season are favoured by too large a margin in the opening week of the following season. Bettors view these teams as superior though they win only 51.7% of opening week games against teams that failed to make the playoffs in the prior year. Against the point spread, teams that made the playoffs in the prior year win only 35.6% of opening week games played against teams that failed to make the playoffs in the prior year. Systematic betting based on this trend results in significant profitability over the 2004–2012 seasons with an average return over 22% per game. We posit this can be explained by gamblers' tendencies to cling to perceptions of teams formed from observation in the prior season. This confirms research in more traditional markets, suggesting investors can be slow to update asset valuations.


Multiband Excitation Vocoder(MBE) is one of the best coding at present,pitch is the most important parameter of MBE,pitch is obtained by the ABS process so that precision can be improved even in the noise environment,but the process of pitch dectection algorithm of MBE is too complex.In order to reduce the complexity of MBE pitch dectection algorithm in this article,we not only put forward a kind of novel algorithm named center variance function,but also propose a correction method to eliminate multi pitch.The speech signal will be transformed by FFT,then the transformed signal will be divided into some blocks according to the expected pitches,last,we will compare every center covariance of each expected pitch to get final pitch,the final pitch is corrected by a simple circle computation to correct multipitch,test indicates that the combination of the two methods mentioned above can greatly reduce the complexity of pitch detection algorithm of MBE,at the same time,the high quality of MBE saved.


A classic model of infectious disease transmission was developed during the 1930s by Lowell J. Reed and Wade Hamptom Frost of Johns Hopkins. Because the model is simple to explain and provides valuable insights, we will discuss it at this time. In the classical Reed-Frost model, we assume a fixed population of size N . At each time, there are a certain number of cases of disease, C, and a certain number of susceptibles, S. We assume each case is infectious for a fixed length of time, and ignore the latent period; when individuals recover, we assume that they are immune to further infection. During the infectious period of each case, we assume that susceptibles may be infected, so that the disease may propagate further. This constitutes an idealized, or abstract, model, exhibiting some features of an epidemic system. Because we assume a fixed length infectious period and neglect the latent period, the generations of infection stay separate. At the beginning, we have only the generation of cases that starts the disease transmission. After the recovery of this generation, the new cases that resulted from transmission constitute the second generation of cases. These, in turn, recover, but may give rise to a third generation. Let C1 be the number of cases in the first generation, and S1 be the number of susceptibles that the first generation may place at risk of new infection. Similarly, let C2 be the number of cases in the second generation, and S2 the number of susceptibles present for the second generation of cases to potentially expose to disease; in general, the number of cases at generation t is denoted Ct and there are St susceptibles at that time. The basic Reed-Frost model assumes homogeneity of risk of infection throughout the population. In particular, we assume that each susceptible has a risk p of being infected by any of the infectives in the population. In a more realistic model, we might assume that


In the age of rapid development, the quick development of small and medium private enterprises is closely related to personality traits of leaders. At the same time, however, when many people make evaluation on enterprises, they just focus more on the hardware conditions instead of the effects of entrepreneurs on enterprises. Therefore, effects of personality traits of entrepreneurs on enterprises are worthy of our attention. This thesis makes analysis on a private enterprise through SWOT analysis, as well as tests the CEO of the enterprise by DISC personality test to discuss the relationship between strategic management of enterprises and personality traits of leaders. The study shows that entrepreneurs should have the steady personality to seriously make strategies for enterprises, and they can flexibly make changes, daring to take responsibilities for their own decisions without fearing challenges when they face market risks. 1. Background Review Whether small and medium enterprises can break the bottleneck to make rapid development when they face rapid changes of the environment, depends largely on personality traits of entrepreneurs. However, in the developing process, some enterprises today only pay attention to the hardware conditions such as production scale, and the improvement of employees' technical skills, ignoring the effects of personality traits of entrepreneurs. Actually, adopting radical or conservative strategies in the changing environment and choosing to expand production or develop new products in the booming time or the decline stage, are largely pertinent to leaders' personalities in enterprises. Conducting the study between development strategies of enterprises and personality traits of entrepreneurs can give a positive reference to development of enterprises. Selecting strategies in enterprises and personality traits of entrepreneurs attract broad attention both in academic research and in practice. In consequence, it is necessary to do a research and make a discussion on strategies made by enterprises and personality traits of entrepreneurs in the period of stagnation. However, many problems in different respects occur in this period, and different enterprises have different developing periods while different entrepreneurs make different strategic decisions. For these reasons, the thesis focuses on studying effects of strategic decisions made by different entrepreneurs on enterprises when small and medium enterprises in the same industry develop in the middle and later periods. The objective of the thesis is to discuss the relationship between development strategies of small and medium private enterprises and personality traits of entrepreneurs, to find the problems and solutions to tackle the relative problems. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Company Strategies There are various kinds of definitions for company strategies, but they can be divided into different categories according to the traditional concept and the modern concept. In the field of traditional 4th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 89


This paper introduces the background of the generation of GCS, analy zes on the structure of GCS, expounds the components and design of GCS, and puts forward the transmission medium adopted by the system.


This article explores the evolving relationship of the Parti Communiste Français to cycling in the interwar years. It argues that communist press coverage of the sport enriches our understanding of how the Party evolved from a marginal force in the 1920s to a mass party that had forged both an effective and affective bond with large numbers of the French working class. It examines attempts to harness and manipulate working-class enthusiasm for cycling and to project through its coverage of the sport an idealized image of the French worker. Reading sport history into the Party's political trajectory in the interwar years reveals how the appeal to the emotions was fundamental to its evolving image as a national workers party, but also how the Party had to make accommodations between a Soviet ideal and the realities of French working-class sports culture.


and Semonin. Ibn 'Idhari's quite reliable assertion that Abu Bakr returned to the Sahara in 1071 and not in 1061 cannot be dismissed as summarily as Professor Chejne chooses to do without responsible scholarly support (pp. 69-71 and n. 7). In general, then, lapses in conscientiousness occur most often in the historical chapters which do not receive quite the solicitous attention given by the author to the arts, most especially to literature. Clearly the most detailed and informed chapters deal with Hispano-Arabic linguistic studies, prose, belles lettres (adab), classical and popular poetry, and the courtly love tradition in literature. It is here that the author presents a most impressive array of Spanish-Islamic creativity. But unfortunately Professor Chejne is never able to renounce impassioned overwriting in the defense of western Islam's honor for a more balanced, critical account of its literary productions. One example may suffice for a dozen infelicities : ' Ladies were relatively free, gay and more accessible than in other parts of the Muslim world.. . . (The beloved) was a delicate and aromatic flower, or a garden of flowers to be contemplated, but never touched or eaten because this would make it a pasture fit only for beasts. She was elegant and swift like a gazelle, a jewel to be admired and beheld, and so on' (p. 249). As far as is known, even the most inveterate Islamhaters have never accused Spanish Muslims of cannibalism and it would seem more appropriate for an epitaph on the greatness of Islamic Spain to display less zealotry and ardor. PETER VON SIVERS University of California, Los Angeles


Background:The CD44 antigen is a widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein implicated in multiple physiological cellular functions including cell-cell adhesion, cell-substrate interaction and cell activation. In the skin, CD44 is normally expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicular, sebaceous and eccrine epithelial cells. The precise functions of CD44 are not yet clearly understood, though they appear to be involved in the mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis. Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of the CD44 molecule in the epidermal keratinocytic tumors with different biologic behaviors, such as squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),basal cell epithelioma(BCE), actinic keratosis(AK), bowen''s disease, keratoacanthoma(KA), trichoepithelioma. Methods:Routine paraffin sections of formalin-fixed 33 tissues (15 SCC, 23 BCE, 9 AK, 7 KA, 7 bowen''s disease, 5 trichoepithelioma, 2 psoriasis, 2 lichen planus) were labeled with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody using avidin-biotin- peroxidase complex. Normal skin served as the negative control. Results:The results are as follows. 1. In SCC and KA, peripheral parts of the lesion were prominently stained. CD44v6 showed the strongest expression, followed by CD44s and CD44v4/5. The horn cyst and the keratin region of the horn pearl were not stained. The degree of staining was weaker in KA compared to SCC. 2. The degree of staining was weaker in BCC and TEE compared to SCC. The staining was more prominent at the center of the lesion than in the peripheral region. In TEE, stronger staining was found at the center or in the squamous epithelial region. 3. Among the seven cases of Bowen''s disease, 4 cases were diffusely stained with all three CD44 types. In the other three cases, local staining with the standard type and diffuse staining with CD44v4/5 and CD44v6 were seen. 4. In AK, the early lesion showed decreased expression of CD44 in all three types. However, those with mature lesion and progression to SCC showed increased degree of staining in all three types of CD44. Conclusion:These results suggest that expression of CD44 in these keratinocytic tumors is not related to malignant transformation and metastasis, but instead may be related tumor differentiation.


In this article I focus on the history of a school support center which meets different social actors: the catholic church, the state and civil society. The objective is to approach from this case study topics relative to the local processing of social politics, inequality construction and subjects constitution in the actual redefinitions of the public and private relations. I specially refer to the foundational step of this center, recovering the memory and perspective of their participants. I recognize the different levels of that intervention and the frame of social relations built around the activities primarily promoted by the catholic church. The purpose is to analyze the set of actions of collective organization which take place in the creation of the school support center. We specially highlight the sense appropriation by the families in the same experience of their involvement in these tasks and taking into account the inequality scenario in which they are established.


It is well known that the smallest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a connected d-regular graph is at least − d and is strictly greater than − d if the graph is not bipartite. More generally, for any connected graph G = (V, E), consider the matrix Q = D + A where D is the diagonal matrix of degrees in the graph G and A is the adjacency matrix of G. Then Q is positive semidefinite, and the smallest eigenvalue of Q is 0 if and only if G is bipartite. We will study the separation of this eigenvalue from 0 in terms of the following measure of nonbipartiteness of G. For any S ⊆ V, we denote by emin(S) the minimum number of edges that need to be removed from the induced subgraph on S to make it bipartite. Also, we denote by cut(S) the set of edges with one end in S and the other in V − S. We define the parameter Ψ as ***image***

The parameter Ψ is a measure of the nonbipartiteness of the graph G. We will show that the smallest eigenvalue of Q is bounded above and below by functions of Ψ. For d-regular graphs, this characterizes the separation of the smallest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix from −d. These results can be easily extended to weighted graphs. © 1994 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Synopsis : Investigation was made on an effect of the kinematic viscosity of a liquid on a swirl motion of the liquid in a cylindrical vessel. The swirl motion appeared when the liquid was agitated by bottom gas injection. Water and silicone oil were used as the working fluids. Particular attention was paid to the period, Ts, amplitude, A, starting time, T, damping time, of the swirl motion. The preferable occurrence condition of the swirl motion was also determined. The occurrence region was expressed in terms of the aspect ratio and gas flow rate. It became narrow as the kinematic viscosity of liquid increased. An empirical equation was newly proposed for the amplitude, A. Empirical equations proposed previously for the remaining parameters, Ts, Ts,s, and Ts,d were applicable under the present experimental conditions.


Information management and geoinformation systems (GIS) have become indispensable in a large majority of protected areas all over the world. These tools are used for management purposes as well as for research and in recent years have become even more important for visitor information, education and communication. This study is divided into two parts: the first part provides a general overview of GIS and information management in a selected number of national park organizations; the second part lists and evaluates the needs of evolving large protected areas in Switzerland. The results show a wide use of GIS and information management tools in well established protected areas. The more isolated use of singular GIS tools has increasingly been replaced by an integrated geoinformation management. However, interview partners pointed out that human resources for GIS in most parks are limited. The interviews also highlight uneven access to national geodata. The concept of an integrated geoinformation management is not yet fully developed in the park projects in Switzerland. Short-term needs, such as software and data availability, motivate a large number of responses collected within an exhaustive questionnaire. Nevertheless, the need for coordinated action has been identified and should be followed up. The park organizations in North America show how an effective coordination and cooperation might be organized. 33


increase in medical remuneration." It is interesting to note that the reply from the Ministry of Health was dated July 13, the last day of this year's Annual Meeting. What a convenient time to choose ! -the moment when the 400 or so representatives who determine B.M.A. policy were dispersed on their holidays. The Representative Meeting once again this year, as it has done in previous years, reaffirmed its determination to stick to the recommendations of the two Spens reports on the remuneration of general practitioners and of consultants and specialists in the National Health Service-recommendations accepted by both Government and profession, recommendations, moreover, which were a turning-point in the profession's decision to enter the Health Service in the face of a majority vote against such a decision in 1948. The medical profession will not be content with a lawyer's answer from the Minister of Health, even though he is holding a brief for a Government department other than his own. The Minister should at least recognize the legal force of a contract. He should recognize more than this: that doctors, coming unwillingly into the N.H.S. in 1948 because Parliament, Press, and people bludgeoned them into it, nevertheless thought that the people through Parliament would keep their word, would honourtheir bond. The Minister and the Secretary of State for Scotland, through Sir John Hawton-or it may well be the other way round, because Ministers of Health change faces so quickly -say they do not accept the premises on which the memorandum is based. Does this mean that they repudiate the reports of the two Spens Committees ? If they do, they had better say so.in plain terms that are not misunderstood, so that the answer, too, may be completely free from ambiguity.


Beginning with the GNP method and its development,the author thinks over the way of measuring the quality of living and points out that the GNP method is more and more unsuitable for the measuring since the relationship between GNP and quality of living is not certain and GNP is merely the external factor which has impact on the quality of living.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect in infants oryoung children with minimally invasive surgery, and to explore the clinical application value. Methods 50 cases of children with ventricular septal defect were confirm by Colour Doppler Ultrasound. Then selected the appropriate occluder type spare and had an operation under general anesthesia and tracheal intubation.The transesophageal echocardiography probe is inserted through the mouth. Exposed the right ventricle with 3 ~ 4 cm small incision from the xiphoid to the third intercostal level on median sternotomy. And the transesophageal echocardiography was used for occluder closure of ventricular septal defect. In addition, Membranous ventricular septal defect choose occluder diameter larger than the defect diameter of 0 ~ 2 mm; with membranous aneurysm, the selection of the occluder diameter should be 3 ~ 4 mm larger than the diameter of the defect. Conventional heparin anticoagulation and oral aspirin anticoagulation were used after the surgery. ResultsThe Operation time was(62.23±11.23)min. All the closures were successful with no residual shunt and no regurgitation in the aortic valve, mitral valve and tricuspid valve. And the Hospitalization were(9.11±1.84)days. Postoperative follow-up was(24.11±6.42)months; all follow-up to the patients, there were no occluder detachment, infective endocarditis, thromboembolism, sudden death and other serious complications occurred. Conclusion Minimally invasive closure is an effective method for the treatment of ventricular septal defect in infants and young children.


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Screen editing apparatus and method capable of editing a background screen in a wireless terminal are provided. The apparatus includes: a display unit for displaying a fixed area selected by a user on a background screen; and a controller for controlling the display unit to display the fixed area selected by the user on the background screen.


An unusual group of fish remains occurs in the middle part of the Phosphoria in a Permian member. The fauna presents some notable contrasts with the previously described Pennsylvanian fish fauna of a lower member of the formation. Two new genera and three new species of sharks are described.


Strength is the primary concern for Portland cement pervious concrete (PCPC) designs. Since PCPC has a high void ratio (often without fine aggregate due to the permeability requirement), compressive and tensile strengths tend to be lower than those of conventional concrete pavements. In this experimental study, PCPC mixes made with steel fibers and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers and various amounts of sand were evaluated. Mechanical properties, porosity, and permeability of the PCPC were tested. The results pointed out adding fibers to the mixes increased the concrete strength as well as void content. It is noteworthy to mention that PPS fibers performed better than steel fibers. Addition of a small amount of fine sand (approximate 7 % by weight of total aggregate) to the mixes with PPS fibers significantly improved the concrete strength.


The digital exclusion comes gaining prominence in the last years. The attentions are converging to this subject that is already seen as a cause and consequence of exclusion in our society. Brazil has a lot of inequalities that creates a request for politics of transference and income generation. However, it is not enough become the ways available, it is important show to people how the technologies can contribute for their tasks and activities, bringing knowledge and opportunities. This work, based on bibliographical, reflexive and qualitative researches, approaches the aspects that are usually associated with digital exclusion, as the social exclusion, the knowledge society, the e-gov and contemporary economy, among others, and the factors that need to be taken in consideration to prepare combat politics for digital exclusion. As a result of this reflection, its


Two sympatric species of sod webworms, Crambus harpipterus Dyar and Agriphila plumbifimbriella Dyar, were studied in relation to their mechanisms of reproductive isolation, including habitat selection, mating periodicities, and sex pheromone activity. It was found that the 2 species are partially separated by habitat selection, temporarily separated with respect to mating, and that the females of both species attract only males of their own species. Possible advantages of several isolating mechanisms are discussed.


There are many uncertainties in "global" climate changes (direction, rate, seasonal and geographical distribution) and in the prediction of their environmental, ecological, economical and even social consequences. All prognoses, however, forecast the increasing risk, frequency, duration and intensity (seriousness) of irregular, extreme climatic and hydrological events and moisture situations. In their prevention or reduction the water storage function of soil has special significance. Consequently, all efforts have to be taken for its more efficient use: helping the infiltration and storage of water in soils. Permanent soil moisture control may help to prevent, or at least reduce undesirable soil processes and their harmful economical/ecological/environmental/social consequences; and may fulfil the conditions of the "quality maintenance" of soil, this "conditionally renewable" natural resource, which is an important element of sustainable development, including the adaption to and mitigation of climate ch...


The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for writing information to, reading information from, and erasing information on a luminescent data storage medium comprising Al2O3. The method includes writing and erasing of the information using photo ionization via sequential two-photon absorption and non-destructive reading the information using fluorescent detection. The apparatuses for writing and reading the information incorporate confocal detection and spherical aberration correction for multilayer volumetric fluorescent data storage. The methods also allow multilevel recording and readout of information for increased storage capacity.


43 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were collected from 38 kinds of plants in six provinces of China.Their cultural characteristics,morphological features of conidia,suitable temperature and pH were studied and analyzed.There were significant cultural and morphological differences among isolates of C.gloeosporioides.Different geographic regions and different hosts had not any obvious effect on adaptation of isolates to temperature and pH.Based on the result of statistical and cluster analysis,many isolates were distant to each other.It was not efficient to divide C.gloeosporioides into some groups based on morphological features.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the variables of school management leadership style, school culture, and school image during the Covid 19 pandemic based on the perceptions of teachers.The research method used is the relational survey model. An online survey strategy was used in this study. In this study there are four parts of the data collection tool used, namely data in the form of personal information, leadership scale using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) scale, school culture survey scale (School Culture Survey) (SCS), and school image assessment scale (Assessment of School Image) (AoSI). The data were analyzed using the Mix Method program. Frequency and percentage scores were calculated to determine the demographic characteristics of teachers (gender, education level, seniority, and current school tenure). With these demographic characteristics, Correlation and Forecasting Method will be carried out. In data analysis, arithmetic means, standard deviation, frequency, Pearson's correlation, regression, Path analysis, and Sobel test for significance were used.The results showed that the leadership manifested by the principal who created a positive effect on organizational members and school culture also contributed positively to the organizational image of educational institutions.


This paper aims to identify the impacts generated by tourism and the economical characteristics of Currais Novos (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). The study is characterized as descriptive and exploratory. It uses the qualitative and quantitative approach, through out literature, interactive, documentary and field research. It is highlighted the general aspects and characterization of the local economy, and it is identified that the trade is the main economic activity of the city, the tourism appears in the local economy as a job generator, and there are public and private investments in the city. Finally, it is made an analysis about the importance of the economy to the destination, where there are economic threats and opportunities, in addition to contributions that tourism provides to this local, and then it is found the need to change the focus in the trade and expand the local economic base.


The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the traditional Tibetan medicine of Incarvillea younghusbandii were analyzed by GC-MS.More than 70 peaks were separated and 39 compounds were identified which accounted for 66.2% of the total essential oil from the whole plants of I.younghusbandii.


In some embodiments of the present invention, the data storage system includes a controller, a nonvolatile memory array having a plurality of memory pages. The controller performs the methods of solving the problem of lower page corruption efficiently. In one embodiment, the method includes upper page paired is not programmed, select the programming already lower page (s), reads the data from said selected lower page, read the data correct the re-programming the read data to the lower page. Typically, the lower page of this state is a small number (for example, the number of pages in a block from a few hundred with the thousands of pages) for, this is in a much more efficient way than to re-programming the entire block is there. In another embodiment, a similar reprogramming methods, only the lower page is applied as the data recovery method in situations that are programmed (e.g., SLC (Single Level Cell) memory, MLC memory such SLC mode). .FIELD 1


College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, College of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Major Infrastructure Testing and Rehabilitation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Conservancy and Transportation Infrastructure Safety, Henan Province; Zhengzhou 450001, China


Summary form only given. Sandia National Laboratories is investigating and developing high-dose, high-brightness flash radiographic sources. One of the candidate sources being developed is the magnetically immersed diode. These diodes employ large-bore, high-field solenoid magnets to help produce an intense electron beam from a needle-like cathode "immersed" in the strong Bz field of the magnet. Sandia's RITS-3 accelerator (4-MV, 150-kA, 70-ns) has been used to fully characterize the diode behavior and radiographic performance of Sandia's 20-T large bore immersed diode over a wide range of diode parameters including cathode diameter, A-K gap, magnetic field strength, anode materials, base vacuum pressures and accelerator pre-pulse. Key results from this extensive survey are described.


High fidelity modeling and simulation of nuclear reactors with direct whole core transport calculation has become an important state of art for development of reactor computational tools with the rapidly improvement of computing power. In this work, a quasi-2D delayed neutron precursor (DNP) drift model has been implemented in a GPU-based whole core transport code ThorMOC to achieve high fidelity modeling and simulation of liquid-fueled molten salt reactors (MSRs). A rasterized coarse mesh finite difference (RCMFD) method is applied in ThorMOC to improve the convergence rate, and to handle complex MSR models with arbitrary boundaries by combining with long characteristics method. OpenMC is used to generate a multi-group cross section library and to provide reference results for stationary state calculations. The results including eigenvalue and power distributions from ThorMOC agree well with those from OpenMC for stationary state calculations of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) model. The reactivity loss due to DNP drift is computed and is in a good agreement with the measured value in experiment.


Temperature dependent current-voltage measurements show that the addition of only 10% Pt to NiSi causes an increase of Schottky barrier height (SBH) from 0.65 eV for NiSi to 0.78 eV for the 10% Pt alloy. Internal photoemission measurements resolve two SBHs in all alloyed samples with ≥5% Pt incorporation corresponding to NiSi and PtSi (∼0.68 eV and ∼0.80 eV), proving that each contributes independently to junction current. High angle annular dark field imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy confirms Pt segregation to the Ni(Pt)Si/Si interface. The resulting increased SBH may therefore be detrimental to contact resistivity in future technology nodes.


Sickle cell Disease (SCD) is a health public problem in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The aim the present study was to evaluate both the antisickling and antibacterial activities of Garcinia punctata and Tetradenia riparia and the modes of antisickling action of organic acids extracted from the two selected plants.Results revealed that the erythrocytes (RBCs) normalization rates were >75% for all plant extracts. While the rates of sickle RBCs hemolysis inhibition were 64 and 57% respectively for organic acids extracted from G. punctata and T. riparia . Organic acids extract displayed also an increase in osmotic fragility of sickle RBCs, an inhibition of the polymerization of hemoglobin S into tactoids (anti-gelling effect) and an inhibition/reduction of MetHb S formation in aqueous solution. Anthocyanins and organic acids extracts displayed also interesting antibacterial activities. E coli ATCC 25 922 was the most sensitive strain towards anthocyanins and organic acids extracts of G. punctata and T. riparia (MIC = MBC = 31.25 µg/ml).On the other hand, the anthocyanin extracts of these two plant species displayed bacteriostatic effect towards Staphylococcus strains. These bacteria are implicated in septicemia and osteomyelitis in SCD patients. Medicinal plant extracts displaying at the same time antibacterial, antisickling and anti-hemolytic effects could be useful in the management of Sickle cell disease.


Antonio Gramsci's reactions to the personality and political views of Leon Trotsky offer valuable insights into the history of the Third International from 1922 to 1932. This chapter argues that Gramsci's indebtedness to Trotsky exemplifies his mediating function between the 'classical' and 'western' traditions of Marxism. In Gramsci's attitude towards Trotsky, one finds a web of contradictions and ambiguities that do not manifest themselves in his attitude towards the other leading figures of the Bolshevik Revolution. The chapter looks at Gramsci's attempt to serve as mediator and peacemaker in the ideological struggle that, since the latter months of 1923, was threatening to create a permanent schism between two groups at the highest echelons of power in Soviet Russia: the minority Left Opposition and the dominant majority group. From late May 1922 to November 1923, Gramsci was in Moscow as a delegate to the Executive Committee of the Third International.Keywords: Antonio Gramsci; Bolshevik Revolution; dominant majority group; Leon Trotsky; Marxism; minority Left Opposition; Moscow; Soviet Russia


Intramolecular electron transfer between CoII(SQ) and CoIII(Cat) species has been investigated for the series of complexes Co(py2X)(3,6-DBQ)2, where 3,6-DBQ are semiquinonate and catecholate forms of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone and py2X is bis(pyridine) ether and its heteroatomic analogs with X = S, Se, and Te. Transition temperature for Co(III)/Co(II) redox isomerism decreases in steps of approximately 30 K in toluene solution and in steps of 80 K in the solid state for the complexes with X = S, Se, Te. This appears to be primarily associated with an entropy increase that results from low-energy shifts in vibrational modes with increasing heteroatomic mass. Complexes containing py2O have been isolated at room temperature in two charge distributions, CoII(py2O)(3,6-DBSQ)2 and CoIII(py2O)(3,6-DBSQ)(3,6-DBCat). Crystallographic characterization on both forms of the complex [CoII(py2O)(3,6-DBSQ)2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 11.0280(2) A, b = 30.2750(9) A, c = 12.1120(2) A, β = 113.490(2)°, V = 3708.7(1) A...


Harold Shipman's murderous career led to demands that steps be taken to prevent any recurrence, but devising an acceptable and workable method of monitoring mortality rates in individual general practices is not a simple matter


L. Bokacheva, A. Huang, H. Rusinek, M. Kaur, Q. Chen, E. Kramer, E. Leonard, V. S. Lee Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States Introduction Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR images of the kidneys have been investigated by several groups for the noninvasive measurement of renal function. However, methods of analysis vary across groups. We compared two approaches, a multicompartmental model and Patlak-Rutland method for the determination of single kidney glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) against same day reference nuclear medicine measurements. Methods Dynamic renal perfusion images were acquired on 1.5 T scanner (Avanto, Siemens) in 9 patients using 3D FLASH sequence (TR/TE/flip angle=2.84/1.05/12°). Total observation time was 20 min. Patients received 4 ml (2 mmol) injection of Gd-DTPA over 2 s followed by 20 ml saline flush at the beginning of the scan. Resulting kidney images were segmented into cortex and medulla and the corresponding signal intensity curves were extracted. Blood signal was measured in an ROI placed in the aorta at the level of the kidneys. Tissue and blood signal intensities were converted into concentration of Gd using a reference phantom curve [1]. Pre-contrast T1 values required for the conversion were measured by low-flip angle inversionrecovery prepared TrueFISP method [2]. Resulting Gd concentrations as functions of time were analyzed with a multicompartmental renal model [3] and Patlak-Rutland method [4]. The multicompartmental model uses measured aortic concentration as an input function and models the renal cortex as comprised of vascular and proximal tubular compartments, while the medulla consists of vascular and loop of Henle compartments. Cortical and medullary Gd concentration-time curves are fit, using measured regional volumes as fixed parameters. Glomerular filtration rate was determined as a free parameter of the medullary curve fitting. The Patlak-Rutland method based on a simplified two-compartment model [4]. GFR was determined as the slope of the plot of K(t)/b(t) vs b(τ)dτ/b(t), where K(t) is the amount of Gd in the kidney and b(t) is the concentration of contrast in the aorta, multiplied by (1-Hct), where Hct is the hematocrit (Hct=0.4). Actual concentrations obtained as described above were used to create Patlak-Rutland plots. Time intervals between 45 and 150 s were selected for determination of GFR in most cases, as these were shown to provide the most accurate GFR values [4]. Reference GFRs were determined from Tc-DTPA blood clearance values (for global GFR), combined with gamma camera based methods to determine split renal function (scintigraphy), and hence single kidney GFR; MR and nuclear medicine studies were performed on the same morning. Results


Focused Electron Beam Induced deposition (FEBID) can be assimilated to a local Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) technique where the dissociation energy to break the precursor molecules is not provided thermally but through a focused electron beam [1]. By using Cobased and Fe-based metallorganic precursors, a large variety of two-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have been created by FEBID, as recently reviewed by De Teresa and Fernández-Pacheco [2]. We have recently succeeded in the growth of three-dimensional cobalt nanowires by FEBID, which show good magnetic response as probed by magneto-optical Kerr effect [3]. In the present contribution, we will report the subsequent effort towards the understanding of the growth strategies that permit to fabricate three-dimensional cobalt nanowires with high cobalt content and aspect ratio. Our work demonstrate that this can be achieved using a pulsed deposition technique and the appropriate precursor flux, electron dwell time and refresh time. References [1] Book "Nanofabrication using focused ion and electron beams: principles and applications (2012), Editors: P. E. Russell, I. Utke, S. Moshkalev, Oxford University Press [2] J.M. De Teresa and A. Fernández-Pacheco, Appl. Phys. A 117 (2014) 1645 [3] A. Fernández-Pacheco et al., Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1492 [4] L. Serrano-Ramón et al., manuscript in preparation


JosephWeiss (1795–1847) is considered to be a founder of scientific hydrotherapy. He kept to the healing system according to Vincenz Prießnitz. With his method, he was very successful in healing his patients. He also published scientific interpretations of the form of therapy, where he described the methods. Weiss was an important scientific personality and a pioneer for scientific hydrotherapy.


Many studies indicate the importance of distributed generation (DG) as one of the best alternatives to conventional energy sources. The growth in population is causing a significant increase in electricity demand all over the world, which creating a considerable need for further investment in the electric network infrastructure. However, integration of new renewable energy source in the distribution network (DN) could impact the stability and the reliability of the distribution network if successful integration of renewable and distributed generation into the distribution network not achieved. Successful integration of distributed energy resources requires optimized control and planning for the network configuration which relies basically on the decentralized energy source management and protection system coordination. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of utilizing DG on the performance of DN, especially on the over-current protective devices. Also, introducing a proposed adaptive protection scheme to mitigate the influence of DG penetration on the protection coordination by adding group setting, which exists in nowadays numerical protective relays, for different operating conditions such as islanding mode, and full MVA capacity of a DG. The simplified power system simulated in NEPLAN and ETAP packages represents Benghazi medium voltage distribution network. The simulation and results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the reliability and stability of the distribution network.


A radiological method of examining the elbow joint of the dog is described with particular reference to conditions which result in osteoarthrosis. The importance of taking oblique projections for the diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans of the distal humerus and ununited medial coronoid process of the ulna is discussed. Copyright


A stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is developed to study the reliability of structures with material nonlinearities. Bilinear stress-strain relationships that involve two correlated random fields are used to model the material nonlinearities. Random fields are represented as continuous functions by using general orthogonal series expansions, and are incorporated directly into the nonlinear finite element analysis and first-order reliability formulation. The proposed method is illustrated by two examples involving a fixed-end beam and a frame. Random spatial fluctuations in the material properties or distributed loads may have a significant effect on reliability if correlation lengths of random fields are less than the lengths of members, meaning that local fluctuations in the fields are relatively high.


In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamic changes within the microbiota and its metabolites that are implicated in establishing and maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis during various stages of microbial colonization. The gradual conversion of the gut microbiota toward a mutualistic microbial community involves replacement of pioneer gut colonizers with bacterial taxa that are characteristic for the adult gut. An important microbial signature of homeostasis in the adult gut is the prevalence and activity of a diverse spectrum of bacterial species that produce beneficial metabolites through metabolic interactions between microbial groups. Deciphering these microbial signatures and their metabolites that govern short and long‐term equilibrium, as well as imbalances in host‐microbial relationships, may provide novel diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets for specific disorders associated with intestinal dysbiosis and loss of homeostasis.