Research methodology
The case recounts actual events and embeds information that has either been provided by the organization or that is publicly available from secondary sources, such as links to news articles, the organization's financial report and videos. The protagonist is a real person, although identified only by first name, and she was interviewed extensively and provided planning documents.

Case overview/synopsis
The case addresses fundamental project management concepts via a nonprofit's fundraising event that had to be shifted to online delivery during the early days of COVID. Students take the perspective of advising the protagonist, a key member of the event committee. As if this substantive re-plan during a pandemic was not challenging enough, the committee had the additional complication of integrating a fundraising management system into the organization in time to support the event. Students must work through detailed planning and calculations and also need to think more broadly about appropriate tradeoffs and justify them in their recommendations.

Complexity academic level
As this case has students work with concepts and skills central to project management and has involves a mix of applying, analyzing and evaluation outcomes, it can be used within operations management or project management courses for either undergraduate senior-level or early graduate-level business or engineering students. It has already been assigned in project management courses in two separate MBA programs. The case required no substantial revisions, and feedback from student evaluations show that it was perceived positively in both classes.


.............................................................................................................................. 14 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 Experimental ...................................................................................................................... 17 Linear Photophysical Measurements ......................................................................... 17 Nonlinear Optical Measurements ............................................................................... 19 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 21 Synthesis ......................................................................................................................... 21 ix Linear Photophysical Characterization ...................................................................... 22 Nonlinear Photophysical Characterization ............................................................... 33 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 36 Future work ........................................................................................................................ 37 III: BREAKING THE MIRROR PLANE – APPLYING QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS TO EXPLAIN PHOTOPHYSICAL PHENOMENA ............................. 39 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 39.............................................................................................................................. 39 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 39 Experimental ...................................................................................................................... 42 Photophysical Characterization .................................................................................. 42 Quantum Chemical Calculations ................................................................................ 43 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 44 Synthesis ......................................................................................................................... 44 Photophysical Characterization .................................................................................. 46 Quantum Chemical Calculations ................................................................................ 53 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 60


1. Cabinet: Franchise first, foremost, and with Ireland 2. Conservatives in the dark 3. Minimising opposition 4. Ability and intent: Franchise in the Commons 5. Franchise in the Lords: rejection 6. 'Some may be impressed by numbers' 7. 'Very queer solution' 8. Swansong.


Kata kunci: Kolaboratif Diskusi Materi berbasis Padlet Collaborative discussion is a purposeful means for lecturers to assist students' ideas in writing. This research, therefore, aims to determine the effect of collaborative discussion using Padlet-based materials that have been previously developed by researchers for Mechanical Engineering students to enhance learning outcomes. This research was conducted at second-year undergraduate in a class of 40 students. This research was classified as a pre-experimental design. Moreover, the quantitative data were collected by using pre-test and post-test to the sample class. The finding revealed descriptive statistics of the sample studied, pre-test and post-test. For the pre-test value, an average learning outcome or mean of 60.13 is obtained. While for the post-test score, it was obtained the average value of learning outcomes of 77.25. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient or correlation is equal to 0.867 with a significance value (Sig.) of 0.000. The finding indicates that Collaborative learning using Padlet-based teaching materials in Mechanical Engineering class could influence students' writing outcomes.


Objective:  To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school-aged children in the Hunter region and examine associations with gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical location.

Design:  Cross-sectional survey of a stratified sample of randomly selected government primary schools in the Hunter region with SES defined by Socio-Economic Index For Areas index and geographical location based on school education areas.

Subjects:  A total of 2224 out of 5206 (42.7%) primary school children from randomly selected government primary schools representing year 1 to year 6 (x = 9.61 ± 1.7).

Setting:  Sixteen government primary schools in the Hunter Region of New South Wales.

Main outcome measures:  Overweight and obesity were assessed using the international body mass index cut points, standardised for both age and gender as defined by Cole.

Data analyses:  Chi square (α = 0.05) was used to compare prevalence across categories of gender, age, SES or geographical location.

Results:  Of the 2224 children who had their height and weight measured, 28.35% (n = 606) were either overweight (n = 415, 19.3%) or obese (n = 191, 9.06%). Significant differences in the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity were observed between children residing in high and low socioeconomic areas, by ages and between boys and girls.

Conclusion or application:  The prevalence of childhood obesity is high and appears more prevalent in girls, in children residing in low-income areas and at specific ages. Determinants of the observed differences will need to be investigated in order to address the higher prevalence of childhood obesity in high-risk population groups.


I n order to address health inequities and structural racism, health institutions have recently recommitted to, or are now establishing, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) officer and leadership roles. While DEI officers are tasked with upending all forms of oppression and marginalization as well as supporting compositional diversity in medicine, the DEI position should not be the only role responsible for effecting change. This role is best leveraged to support the work of all units of the enterprise to achieve DEI goals through added experience and expertise. Collectively, we the authors have more than 70 years of service in senior DEI leadership roles, provide consultative feedback, and use evidencebased approaches to our work when it exists. We wish to share 3 institutional strategies to support the success of DEI professionals, including action items to address particular barriers. Institutions should (1) provide resources for the development and advancement of DEI officers; (2) create an inclusive climate that broadly includes the DEI officers' own culture, language, and tone; and (3) share structural power to support the officers' autonomy and agency.


Credit is a measurement unit for calculating class hours in an institution of higher learning,and usually students need the required amount of credits to graduate.Compared with the traditional semester system,the credit system,on the one hand,caters for students' individual needs,thus upon their graduation,they will be very popular with their employers.On the other,it poses challenges to students' management and teaching.Therefore it's advisable that university departments explore new mechanisms of management according to their practical conditions to better the credit system.


This study intends to investigate impact of image of Etka brand as a private brand on perceived risk and purchase intention, where impact of perceived quality of service on Etka brand image would be further studied in this paper. Data of this study gathered using simple random sampling, mentioned the data was received from 300 private brand buyers in two branches of Etka chain stores throughout Tehran. To collect data, methods of library, field (questionnaire) and interview have been used, and the data was tested and examined using SPSS method. The results showed that there exists a significant relationship between image of Etka brands and customers' purchase intention of Etka brands, and further there exists a negative significant relationship between image of Etka brands and perceived risk. Furthermore, there exists a positive significant relationship between Perceived quality of service and image of Etka brands; finally, it can deduce perceived risk and Perceived quality of service had not effect on Perceived quality of service and customers' purchase intention of Etka brands, respectively.


Many architectures for high-performance datacenters have been proposed. Surprisingly, recent studies show that datacenter designs with random network topologies outperform more sophisticated designs, achieving near-optimal throughput and bisection bandwidth, high resiliency to failures, incremental expandability, high cost efficiency, and more. Unfortunately, the inherent unstructuredness and unpredictability of random designs pose serious, arguably insurmountable, obstacles to their adoption in practice. Can these guarantees be achieved by well-structured, deterministic datacenters? We provide a surprising affirmative answer. We show, through a combination of theoretical analyses, extensive simulations, and experiments with a network emulator, that any "expander" network topology (as indeed are random graphs) comes with these benefits. We leverage this insight to present Xpander, a novel deterministic datacenter architecture that achieves all of the above desiderata while providing a tangible alternative to existing datacenter designs. We discuss challenges en route to deploying Xpander (including physical layout, cabling costs and complexity, backwards compatibility) and explain how these can be resolved.


A number of construction practices, implemented during the design process of a reinforced concrete (RC) structural system, may have significant consequences on the behaviour of the structural system in the case of earthquake loading. Although a number of provisions are imposed by the contemporary Greek national design codes for the seismic design of RC structures, in order to reduce the consequences, the influence of the construction practices on the seismic behaviour of the structural system remains significant. The objective of this work is to perform a comparative study in order to examine the influence of three, often encountered, construction practices namely weak ground storey, short and floating columns and two combinations on the seismic performance of the structural system with respect to the structural capacity and the maximum interstorey drifts in three earthquake hazard levels.


In complex survey,conventional velocity-variant depth mapping method with Dix equation conversion does not get exact stacking velocity,is not fit for velocity conversion of steep stratum and therefore precision of depth mapping is low.In this paper,methods of velocity filed building and velocity-variant depth mapping in complex survey were detailedly studied.Three methods of velocity field building and depth mapping,including improved Dix equation conversion method,stacking velocity inversion method and cmp gather coherency inversion method are introduced.Method of velocity field building and depth mapping was summarized in complex survey.Three methods have been applied to Tarim basin.The result is very good.Precision of velocity and depth mapping in complex survey was improved.Application of this method will be extended.


This article is part of a year-long series marking the 50th anniversary of Psychiatric News. One of the longest-running sagas in Psychiatric News was the effort to counter the misuse of psychiatry as a tool to punish political dissidents in the USSR.


In the paper, we study the properties of the top quark $\overline{\rm MS}$ running mass computed from its on-shell mass by using both the four-loop $\overline{\rm MS}$-on-shell relation and the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) scale-setting approach. The PMC adopts the renormalization group equation to set the correct magnitude of the strong running coupling of the perturbative series, its prediction avoids the conventional renormalization scale ambiguity, and thus a more precise pQCD prediction can be achieved. After applying the PMC to the four-loop $\overline{\rm MS}$-on-shell relation and taking the top-quark on-shell mass $M_t=172.9\pm0.4$ GeV as an input, we obtain the renormalization scale invariant $\overline{\rm MS}$ running mass at the scale $m_t$, e.g. $m_t(m_t)\simeq 162.6\pm 0.4$ GeV, in which the error is squared average of those from $\Delta \alpha_s(M_Z)$, $\Delta M_t$, and the approximate error from the uncalculated five-loop terms predicted by using the Pad\'{e} approximation approach.


The magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a soft magnetic CoFeSiB amorphous electrode and a MgO barrier layer were fabricated. A double annealing process was carried out to obtain the linear resistance response to the external magnetic field. The effect of the annealing temperature on the sensitivity of magnetic sensors was systematically investigated. We achieved a high sensitivity of 40%/Oe, where the sensitivity is defined as TMR/(2Hk), where TMR is the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio and Hk is the magnetic anisotropy field of the free layer of MTJs.


Road traffic accidents and the resulting deaths have now emerged as one of the major safety and public health problems in urban areas all over the world. The combination of rapid urbanization and motorization has made the problem even severe for the developing cities of Asia. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is no exception. Official statistics reveal that more than ....... fatalities and .......injuries occur annually due to traffic accidents in this city. It demonstrates the burden and seriousness of the problem and emphasizes the need for strict and comprehensive measures to prevent the unwanted and unnecessary loss of lives.


Based on literature data,comparative analysis of the main features of the 28,29 Olympics and 15 World Championships men's basketball championship team(the athletic ability of the players,defensive tactics and training ideas) to analyze and identify their common characteristics,in order to be able improve on the level of China 's men's basketball training and combat and future Olympic Games men's basketball competition achieved outstanding results provide a theoretical reference and recommendations.


FCC is one of the major secondary refining processes for converting heavy feed into lighter product such as LPG, olefins and gasoline consuming annually over 750,000 MT of catalyst worldwide and over 40,000 MT catalyst in India. Over 32,000 MT of spent catalyst is generated in India. Spent FCC catalyst contains significant amount of metals such as nickel, vanadium and as such has to be disposed off, which is quite challenging from environmental point of view. Through an IOC R&D sponsored project with National Cement Building Material, Ballabgarh a scientific approach for the end use of spent FCC catalyst in cement and refractory kiln furniture has been developed. The study carried out not only offers utilization potential of Ecat in manufacture of cement & refractory but also results in economic benefit for refineries. Considering the presence of various metals, non metals and transition metals, particularly Nickel and Vanadium, a detailed leaching study was also carried out under different curing mediums and it is established that there is no leaching of these metals, hence no threat to environment. Considering quantum of catalyst being generated, and large demand in cement products, it is proposed to employ spent FCC catalyst in cement industry. The present paper highlights details of challenges and opportunities lying in utilization of spent FCC/RFCC catalysts, and properties of cement and refractory products prepared using spent FCC catalyst.


We consider travelling wave solutions on a one-dimensional lattice, corresponding to mass particles interacting nonlinearly with their nearest neighbour (the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model). A constructive method is given, for obtaining all small bounded travelling waves for generic potentials, near the first critical value of the velocity. They all are given by solutions of a finite-dimensional reversible ordinary differential equation . In particular, near (above) the first critical velocity of the waves, we construct the solitary waves (localized waves with the basic state at infinity) whose global existence was proved by Friesecke and Wattis, using a variational approach. In addition, we find other travelling waves such as (a) a superposition of a periodic oscillation with a non-zero uniform stretching or compression between particles, (b) mainly localized waves which tend towards a uniformly stretched or compressed lattice at infinity, (c) heteroclinic solutions connecting a stretched pattern with a compressed one.


Mechanism of Action. Emergency contraception that is taken orally works primarily by stopping or delaying ovulation. "Review of the evidence suggests that emergency contraception cannot prevent implantation of a fertilized egg."1 In other words, emergency contraception is not effective after the fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus. Therefore, emergency contraception does not cause an abortion.


Histology of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) seedlings roots was conducted for the changes by a root-knot nematode and a fungi Plasmodiophora brassicae. The seedlings were planted in infected soil collected from Kork, district Khuzdar, Balochistan. Sections of necrotic and galled roots were cut 6–8 μm thick using a rotary microtome. Meloidogyne javanica formed egg masses inside the cortical root tissue. In most cases the permanent feeding sites induced by the nematode adjacent to vascular tissue, consisted of large giant cells. While Plasmodiophora brassicae infected the root-cortex, reached the vascular tissue and caused hyperplasia along with hypertrophy.


At a time when technological capabilities are perceived to be critical in redefining effective technological education, the introduction of a new graphics subject titled 'Design and Communication Graphics' in Irish second level (high) schools has broad implications. Students are now expected to develop the ability to explore applied geometries, integrated with conceptual thinking in addition to developing essential communication skills. Central to this development is the ability to externalize cognitive processes through freehand sketching. This paper presents an overview of the development and implementation of a continuum of sketching activities which promotes the development of sketching expertise within Initial Technology Teacher Education (ITTE). Introduction Research (Verstijnen, 1998) claims that there is a lack of scientifically validated models of instruction that promote the development of sketching ability. This paper describes the development of sketching expertise among year three students of ITTE as part of a fundamental graphics module at the University of Limerick. The rationale and purpose of the overall module of study was to contribute to the students' development as graphics teachers, develop problem solving skills in plane and descriptive geometry, develop fundamental 3D CAD modeling skills and to develop critical freehand sketching skills to support visual thinking and complex cognitive processing. The research described in this paper is primarily concerned with how sketching expertise was developed among over 270 students who undertook the module of study. A model of sketching activities which ranged along a continuum from observation to imagination was applied. A detailed description of this model and the associated literature is provided in the next section.


A description of the colour patterns, reproductive behaviour, spawning season and size at first maturity is given for an Atlantic population of Symphodus mediterraneus, based on underwater observations and animals collected by spear-fishing and photographed. Gonad histology was used to determine the sex and maturity stages. Size at first maturation was estimated as the length at which 50% of the individuals are mature. General appearance was a brown or brownish-red body, with a series of large brown transverse stripes, a conspicuous yellow-ringed black spot on the base of the pectoral fins and a black spot on the caudal peduncle. Terminal males could be distinguished from females by the blue tones on the extremities of the median fins and on the throat. Differences from the colour pattern of the Mediterranean population are noted. This is probably a gonochoric species: the larger males are territorial, building algal nests and defending them from conspecific males and from other microbenthic carnivorous fishes; the smaller mature males did not show sneaking or satellite behaviour. Reproduction takes place in late spring and summer, after the spring productivity peak, suggesting that the feeding biology of the adults may be the main determinant factor of the timing of spawning. Total length at first maturity is 12.1 cm for males and 9.6 cm for females.


A miniaturized dual-loop near field communication antenna of size 15 mm×25 mm is proposed for metal cover smartphone applications. By embedded it with a small rectangular slot of size 8 mm×16 mm loaded metal cover, the direction of the eddy current induced on metal cover will be the same with the current flow the on the dual loop NFC antenna coil. It's worth noting that the proposed NFC antenna design was certified by the Europay, Mastercard and Visa (EMV) test.


Foreign language teachers never seem to be quite satisfied with any one methodology or any one set of teaching material and are perplexed by the everyday choice of teaching theory and material.If we set out with a compromise solution to meet the individual needs of language learners and their language competence,finding an eclectic approach between learners'expectations and teachers'choices,we might be able to make some progress in this area.


Internet is the single largest source of information and it grows day by day. Since most of websites are in English language; so it is difficult to understand for a person when he is weak in English. To understand information by other languages community, there existed 'websites translator' facilities provided by Google, Microsoft and other companies. Unfortunately the translation facility from English to Bangla is not adequate although it is fifth most spoken language. The number of informative websites in Bangla are very few with respect to English and a major portion of less educated Bangla community are away to gather information from internet due to weakness in English. The aim of this project is to (1) develop a system that will provide English website in a transformed from containing Bangla meaning of all or specific English words and (2) provide facility to enhance knowledge on English language when browse English website. This developed 'Browse English Website with Bangla Words (BEWBW)' will analyze the contents of source English website and provide the transformed website with Bangla words corresponding to English with the help of a dictionary. This system will also track which English website he/she visited and for which words bangle meaning provided. The BEWBW (web and desktop based) will be helpful for the people who are weak in English in Bangladesh as well as Bangla community anywhere in the world.


Alexander German, Ian Ramsey and Philip Lhermette address some of the concerns raised over calling pet obesity a disease and argue that this classification can bring many management opportunities.


Kidney biopsies are performed to investigate the cause of suspected parenchymal disease. Although these biopsies provide important diagnostic and prognostic information guiding therapeutic decisions, the benefits must be weighed against the potential harms of the biopsy procedure. As the kidneys


Personal Communications System by Christian Todd Metcalfe B.A.S. Computer Science B.A. Economics University of Pennsylvania, 1997 Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Media Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 1999 © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved


IHI is one of the oldest companies in Japan. It started in 1853 as a shipbuilding company, but it has produced aero-engines since 1957. At an early stage in aero-engine business, IHI was producing military engines mainly. But IHI participated in commercial engine business in 1980's as a partner of international joint development team. Since then, business scale has grown to 4 billion dollars of annular sales.


This study was to determine (1) the tendency of change in the economy of agricultural sector at Morowali regency , (2) the role of agriculture sector in the economy of Morowali, and (3) the role of agricultural sector of Morowali in Central Sulawesi. Secondary data was collected from governmental offices or offices related to this study, at Regency and Provincial levels. Results of the analysis showed that the agricultural sector is identified as the basis for the analysis of the sector, with the highest LQ value of 3.106 (2009) and the lowest value of 2.064 LQ (2003) and plantation sector with the highest LQ value of 1,817 (2009) and the lowest value of 1.474 LQ (2013). Contribution of the agricultural sector and subsector to Morowali, the highest was 44.62 billions (2009) and the lowest is 29.99 billion (2013), the Morowali Regency's agricultural sector contributed at the highest was 10.77 (2013) and the lowest was 10.05 billions (2009) to the Central Sulawesi's agricultural sector


Rice is most important cereal and stable food crops of Nepal and fulfilled about 50- 80% of caloric requirement of Nepalese people. It is important cereal crop, both in terms of cultivated area, production and supporting livelihoods. Most of the people of Nepal are living in rural area; face poverty, hunger and inadequate rainfall pattern which leads to food insecurity. Population is increasing, demands more food and to feed increasing population, agriculture production should increases per unit area. Most of the the irrigated and plan cultivable land in Nepal are converting into forest of concert so, due to this reason research was carried out to explore the ideas of genetic variability of rainfed rice to determine the best rice genotype in rainfed condition, which helps in some extend to meet food demand and to tolerate with irregular rainfall pattern in Nepal.


The synthesis of epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters was studied.The synthesis process was optimized.Some factors which had influence on the epoxy value of product,such as the amounts of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide,reaction temperature,reaction time were discussed.


In the recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of androgen receptor (AR)-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) with the clinical use of second-generation androgen deprivation therapy, namely Enzalutamide and Abiraterone. Unluckily, treatment options for the end-stage AIPC patients are mainly palliative but not curable. However, the cellular origin and mechanisms involved in the evolution of AIPCs remain unclear. Previously, we have discovered that AR is not required for the survival and maintenance of progenitor property of CA stration- R esistant N kx3.1-expressing cells (CARNs), thus highlighting the AR-independent nature of this luminal progenitor subset. Interestingly, AR-deleted CARNs demonstrate gene expression profile that is highly similar to human neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a subtype of AIPC. Moreover, upon Pten deletion and mutated Kras activation, AR-deleted CARNs can generate tumors exhibiting focal neuroendocrine differentiation, indicating the ability of CARNs to serve as a cell-of-origin for NEPC. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that AR-independent prostate luminal progenitor subsets are capable of initiating AIPC upon oncogenic transformation, while the transformed cells represent distinct subsets in AIPC that possess cancer stem cell property. In our latest assessments, we have validated the ability of CARNs to initiate NEPC using a novel genetically-engineered mouse model of prostate cancer. Moreover, we have established tumor organoids from CARNs-initiated AIPC, which are capable of generating allografts in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice, implying their immune-evading capability. Lastly, we have performed small molecule library screening on the transformed CARNs-derived tumor organoids to identify effective treatment options for AIPC. Taken together, our study has provided novel insights into the cellular origin of AIPCs. Consequently, targeting these prostate luminal progenitors-initiated tumor cells as well as their molecular property may serve as novel therapeutic strategies to overcome AR independence in prostate cancer.
 Citation Format: Chee Wai Chua. Prostate luminal progenitors as the cell-of-origin for androgen receptor-independent prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A068.


Abstract Financial markets are places of sudden and violent price movements. Nevertheless, financial crises lack a universally recognized way of assessing their gravity. This has motivated the measure recently proposed and applied to the exchange rates market by Zumbach et al (2000a Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance 3 347–55). This measure relies on an analogy with geophysics: the scale of market shocks (SMS) is equivalent to the Richter scale used for earthquakes. More precisely, as a market is the place where economic agents—with different investment horizons—interact, the SMS definition is a weighted aggregation of volatility measures corresponding to these different horizons. In this paper, we implement and apply a similar measure to stock markets, and adapt it to take into account some extra features of these markets. The volatilities are first described, and then used to assess the market instability perceived by a market participant. The evolution of our index of market shocks (IMS)—after rescaling for easy interpretation—is presented using different computational methods. The IMS is then compared with another multiscale measure, the multifractal spectrum width, and we also investigate the links between the IMS and the daily close-to-close returns and volatility. Finally, we describe the recent turbulence on the French market using the IMS as an exploratory tool, concluding that the events of September 2001 proved to be a major shock compared to the Russian and Asian crises. * Paper presented at Applications of Physics in Financial Analysis (APFA) 3, 5–7 December 2001, Museum of London, UK.


Ingestion of fish or other sources of -3 fatty acids has been called a comprehensive strategy toward the prevention of atherosclerosis (1). Hundreds of epidemiologic studies, studies of mechanisms of action, and studies in experimental animals have shown that dietary intake of -3 fatty acids has antiatherosclerotic potential (1-9). However, few clinical trials have shown that -3 fatty acids have cardiovascular benefit in humans. The Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART) (10) showed a 29% reduction in overall mortality rates in survivors of a first myocardial infarction who consumed fish rich in -3 fatty acids at least twice weekly for 2 years. Dietary -3 fatty acids do not prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty (11-13). One study (14) showed that fewer aortocoronary venous bypass grafts were occluded after ingestion of a fish oil concentrate, 4 g/d, for 1 year. Dietary intake of -3 fatty acids or olive oil, 6 g/d, did not affect the course of coronary atherosclerosis in another study totaling 59 patients (15). To test the hypothesis that consuming -3 fatty acids for 2 years leads to less progression and more regression of coronary atherosclerosis, as assessed by coronary angiography, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Methods Patients Patients who were hospitalized for diagnostic coronary angiography at our institution between 1 September 1992 and 19 May 1994 were asked to participate in our study if they fulfilled the entry criteria: 1) stenosis greater than 20% in at least one vessel and 2) revascularization (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA] or coronary bypass surgery) planned or performed in the previous 6 months in no more than one vessel. Exclusion criteria were history of cardiac transplantation, age younger than 18 years or older than 75 years, hemodynamically relevant left main stenosis or proximal stenosis in all three main vessels, biplane left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%, ventricular tachycardias ( 3 QRS complexes), hemodynamically relevant cardiac valve disease, a prognosis severely limited by noncardiac disease, bleeding tendency (for example, due to thrombocytopenia or anticoagulation), diabetes, or other evidence of increased risk. Patients were not asked to participate if they were participating in another study, had psychiatric disease, had a history of noncompliance, lived too far away, had an initial coronary angiogram of poor quality, or had a history of allergic reaction to contrast material. Patients who agreed to participate gave written, informed consent that included consent for follow-up coronary angiography. One of the authors determined clinical status and decided whether to include patients in the study. Case report forms were filled out with data on predefined criteria relevant to history and clinical examination. A laboratory blood work-up (which included investigation of 38 routine variables plus erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition), resting electrocardiography, and exercise stress test were done. Overweight patients (body mass index>25 kg/m2) were advised to restrict caloric intake, and all patients were advised to avoid eating cholesterol-rich foods; no other dietary advice was given. Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich and was conducted according to the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Community. These guidelines require, among an exhaustive list of prerequisites, that studies be monitored regularly by external personnel. Study Design This Study on Prevention of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Intervention with Marine Omega-3 fatty acids (SCIMO) was a randomized, double-blind, stratified, single-center trial. It was designed to compare the effect of placebo with that of fish oil concentrate on changes on coronary angiography at 2 years, as assessed by an expert panel (the predefined primary end point) according to intention-to-treat principles. Predefined secondary end points were assessment of these changes with quantitative coronary angiography and cardiovascular events. Before randomization, patients were stratified according to three criteria: 1) PTCA done less than 6 months before randomization, 2) current therapy with a lipid-lowering agent, and 3) the presence of more than two of four risk factorsa low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level greater than 3.88 mmol/L (150 mg/dL), current smoking, history of myocardial infarction in a first-degree relative younger than 60 years of age, and hypertension. For the resulting nine strata, a random sequence of study group assignments was computer-generated by the trial monitor in Norway. Strata were balanced every four patients and numbered consecutively. Each patient received the next consecutive number in his or her stratum. For each number, an envelope containing the randomization result was prepared and sealed by the monitor in Norway. In Munich, these sealed envelopes (the only location of the study group assignments) were kept accessible for safety, but no seals were broken. All patients and personnel were blinded to study group assignments. To ensure blindness, patients were told that the capsules differed in composition but not in taste. At the end of the study, patients were asked what they thought the capsules contained. Interventions and Measurements The placebo capsules and the fish oil capsules looked identical and were made of opaque soft gelatin, and each contained 1 g of a fatty acid mixture. The fatty acid mixture in the placebo capsules was 26.0% C16:0, 4.6% C18:0, 35.8% C18:1-9, 16.7% C18:2-6, 2.1% C18:3-3, 0% C20:4-6, and 14.8% other compounds and contained no marine -3 fatty acids; this reflects the fatty acid composition of the average European diet (16). The fatty acid mixture in the fish oil capsules was 0.9% C16:0, 6.0% C18:0, 4.5% C18:1-9, 0% C18:2-6, 0.6% C18:3-3, 1.4% C20:4-6, 35.4% C20:5-3, 9.7% C22:5-3, 21.5% C22:6-3, and 20.0% other compounds. The peroxide values were 0.5 in the placebo capsules and 0.6 in the fish oil capsules. All capsules contained 4 mg of tocopherol- as an antioxidant. Identical screw-top plastic containers each contained 90 capsules. The trial monitor in Norway labeled each container with identical information plus a unique randomization number. In the first 3 months of the study, six capsules per day were recommended; in the next 21 months, three capsules per day were recommended. Patients were seen as outpatients at months 1, 6, 12, and 18. At each visit, a history was taken, clinical status was evaluated, and a laboratory work-up (including measurement of erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition) was done. At month 24, all investigations were repeated, including coronary angiography (done during a 2-day hospital stay). At months 0 and 24, but not at months 1, 6, 12, and 18, blood was taken from patients after an overnight fast. Levels of LDL cholesterol were calculated according to the Friedewald formula from measurements obtained in an automated Hitachi 917 or 717 serum analyzer (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany). Coronary angiography with highly standardized angulations was done as described elsewhere (17, 18) and included at least three biplane projections, identically repeated during follow-up angiography. Nitroglycerin, 0.8 mg, was given sublingually for maximal dilatation at the start of the procedure. An expert panel of three experienced invasive cardiologists, who were blinded to all aspects of randomization (such as the temporal order of films) and all patient characteristics (such as name or randomization status), simultaneously assessed changes on coronary angiograms. The same three experts evaluated all pairs of films. Pairs of films (one film taken at baseline and one taken at 2 years) were randomly assigned to two 35-mm angiographic projectors projecting in parallel. Ventriculograms were not reviewed. If PTCA had been done in one of the three coronary vessels in the 6 months before the start of the study or during the study period, the vesselbut not the patientwas excluded from primary analysis (19). Frames in identical angulations were compared in end-diastole. Lesions were identified and were then sought on the corresponding segment on the other film in the pair. With methods described elsewhere (20), angiographically detectable changes on one film were graded relative to the other film in the pair on a scale from 3 to +3. On this scale, 0 indicates no difference, 1 indicates a definitely discernible but small difference, 2 indicates an intermediate difference, and 3 indicates an extreme difference. This score was applied to global assessment of the pairs as well as to each segment of the coronary tree (primary end point). A moderator (who was blinded like the members of the expert panel) documented the results of the expert panel sessions, which were obtained after all three experts had agreed on the results. Agreement was always reached, sometimes after a short discussion. After an expert panel session, the moderator (but not the experts) was unblinded only to the sequence of films just evaluated. This was done to minimize errors. This information was added to the document generated at each session. Quantitative coronary angiography was done with two Arripro projectors coupled with a Qansad system, version V3.2, with periodic updates (ARRI, Munich, Germany). This system is equivalent to other second-generation systems (21). Pairs of angiograms on which at least one change in a coronary segment was identified by the expert panel were analyzed according to the system manual and current algorithms (17, 18). Cardiovascular events were predefined as sudden death, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and neurologic deficits (ischemic or hemorrhagic) according to World Health Organization d


SUMMARY: It is shown in this paper that the strength loss of AR -glass rovings in c oncrete is caused by chemical -induced corrosive processes. The development of the corrosion can be subdivided in two phases: in the first phase the AR-glass network breaks up as a consequence of hydroxyl ion attack and, in parallel to this reaction, a prot ective layer is build up. This protection layer reduces or under certain conditions stops the corrosion in the second phase.


We describe a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) for the ambient measurement of amines, known as important gas-phase precursors for secondary aerosol formation. Protonated ethanol or acetone ions were used as ionisation reagents to selectively detect high proton affinity base compounds (e.g. amines and NH3), thereby minimising interferences from other atmospheric gaseous organic compounds. With ethanol as ionisation reagent (,3 � 10 5 Hz of ion signals),theCIMSshowedsimilarsensitivities(2.1-8.7Hzpptv � 1 )anddetectionlimits(7-41pptvwitha1-minintegration time) for NH3 and several atmospherically relevant key amine compounds containing one to six carbon atoms (C1 -t o C6- amines and their isomers). The CIMS background signals of the six amines ranged from 9 to 40pptv, much lower than ,930pptvforNH3.TheCIMSresponsetimeswerebetween13and26sfortheseamines.Theuniquecombinationofthefast time response, high sensitivities and low detection limits allows the use of this CIMS for real time measurements of atmospheric trace amines. During the ambient measurement made in Kent, OH, in November 2011, the measured mixing ratios of C2 -a nd C3-amines were 8 � 3( mean� 1 standard deviation) and 16 � 7pptv, whereas those of NH3 were 517 � 259pptv.


Through changing the temperature of the dried PA 66 resin slices when packing and the oxygen content in the packs,we arrive at the conclusion that the higher temperature and higher content are the main reasons causing the surface of the dried slices to turning yellow in the process of storing after packing.And in the end,we put forward solutions and precautions.


The potential of an optical sensing material for determination of metal ions in wastewater streams is presented. The initial results in the development of a chromo-ionophore-based optical sensor for metal ions are detailed. An azo dye species, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (BrPADAP), together with an ionophore and plasticiser was immobilised in a film of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Initial investigations using the dye-impregnated sensing film showed a reproducible and reversible response to Pb(II) ions in aqueous solution. The response of this sensing film to Pb(II) at pH 6 was found to be linear in the 0.1-10 mg/L range, with a %RSD of 1.55%. The film can be regenerated by immersion in a low-pH buffer solution. The authors demonstrate how this method shows potential for analysis using once-off sensing probes. The sensing film response for Pb(II) occurs within 30 s.


This paper develops a theoretical framework and a number of propositions for systematically studying the role of trust in the control and performance of Joint Ventures, a prominent form of inter-firm alliance. The proposed framework is more complete than the frameworks available in the extant literature because it incorporates both transaction related risks and the partner related risks which are likely to impact on the reliance on particular control patterns. Partner-related risks in joint ventures are represented by the level of inter-partner trust, while transaction-related risks are represented by the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) variables of asset specificity, task complexity, performance measurability, and environmental uncertainty. The framework also links one of the established management control typologies (i.e., behaviour, outcome, and social) to two of the alliance control patterns (bureaucratic-based pattern, and trust-based pattern) identified in the literature on alliance control.


Given the strong role that HR plays as an enabler in any organization, it has gone through major changes over the past few years. This holds true for MNCs as well as home-grown Indian companies that operate in India. With skills and talent in short supply, every organization has to compete to sustain operations and break down the barriers that restrict performance. Employees today don't mind moving across sectors for what they perceive as growth. Hence HR needs to move on THE FACE OF A FUTURE READY HR: EXPERIENCE AT ESSAR OIL


By hearing the word 'CAR' creates a picture of luxury cars in the mind. Of course, riding a car is a dream for very one but securing the car is most important thing. This paper based on security system of car, by the use of multimodal biometric system in order to identify and to verify a person.The person who likes to ride the car has to go for following verifications. At the first, fingerprint sensor and the second voicerecognizer There are two possibilities: if the person is identified as the car owner or a known user, then he/she can take control over the car; if it's an intruder, the car will announce the security service by sending a text message to owner using a GPRS/GSM system. Car owner can also access the security system by sending text message.


Morphometric data of Aphis gossypii Glover are used as a case study to illustrate the use of randomization tests. The application of randomization tests in morphological evaluation and identification of species is a powerful tool for characterizing populations and species. It offers the advantage of reducing our reliance on the robustness of more classical approaches to overcome problems of small sample size, unequal sample size, and departures from normality. We review randomization test methodology. We address a few errors that have appeared in the literature. One question is how many randomizations. As a generic starting point, the number of randomizations should be 2 orders of magnitude larger than the inverse of the significant P value, but in critical cases an exact figure can be determined. A new methodology is introduced for using randomization tests to determine if the average of several observations is different from a constant. An extension of the method is used when the null hypothesis states that there are differences. This is important where there is reason to suspect that one is dealing with different populations (e.g., morphological measurements were taken from several distinct populations of an insect) and one needs to identify which populations are the same. This test should not be confused with the typical case where it is simply impossible to identify differences between different sets of observation. We present a SAS program to perform 2-tailed tests for differences between means.


This article discusses the interaction energy of free dipole which is made up of positive and negative ion core,analyzes the motion of the dipole under this action,and solves its motion equation.It is concluded that the motion of free dipole is the superposition of uniform rectilinear motion and simple harmonic motion,and its mass center makes uniform rectilinear motion.In the centre of mass system,two ions separately make simple harmonic motion near their equilibrium positions.


A study comparing the budgets of school districts from 2008 to 2014 shows that the majority of states have decreased the amount of funds spent per student in this time period.1 Attempts to distribute scarce resources among public schools have caused school officials to implement redistricting initiatives. These redistricting initiatives inevitably mean that certain schools will be selected for closure, and reports show that schools selected for closure are located in the poorest communities, comprised mostly of racial and ethnic minorities, with the most distressed real estate markets.2 For illustrative purposes, note that the Chicago Board of Education voted to close forty-nine public schools in the spring of 2013.3 The schools selected for possible closure had a percentage of Black students that exceeded the average for the district.4 These closed schools are in addition to the twenty-four shuttered schools on the Chicago market as of 2012.5 The main factor to which school officials attribute these closures is the $1 billion shortfall in the public school system's budget6 as a result of over 200,000 residents leaving the city in the past ten years.7 This flight reduced the property tax base, which is the main financing source for school districts.8Pursuant to deconcentration of poverty efforts, several major cities razed public housing units comprised mostly of Blacks and other minorities.9 Residents dispersed, lowering the student population in low-income and minority communities, as these communities are where most cities built public housing units.10 Any population decrease lowers the tax base, since there are fewer residents and homeowners in the area paying taxes. The under enrollment of students and the underfunding of schools in impoverished areas are major reasons why these schools are closed when school districts commence redistricting.11 For example, in Atlanta, some schools are overcrowded while others, in low-income neighborhoods, are twenty percent full.12 This disparity was a driving force for the redistricting plan announced in Atlanta in 2012 that resulted in closing schools, the vast majority of which were located in poor Black communities.13 As described in Part II, the longer these properties sit idle, the more harm they cause.Mount Holly v. Mt. Holly Gardens Citizens in Action, Inc., a case in which a disproportionately high percentage of African American and Hispanic residents were displaced as a result of razing a blighted public housing development, settled in November 2013 just prior to the date on which oral arguments before the Supreme Court were scheduled.14 Although the settlement precludes the Court from deciding whether disparate impact is a cognizable claim under the Fair Housing Act (FHA),15 precedent and rules from appellate courts and the Office of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) support the validity of disparate impact claims.16 However, a recent lawsuit challenges the FHA's authority to prevent practices that have a disparate impact on protected classes absent evidence of intentional discrimination.17 Despite the fact that this question remains open, FHA disparate impact claims, as articulated in lower courts, establish a legal framework for evaluating the impact of vacant and abandoned schools.Most of these schools are located in low-income and minority neighborhoods and are the unfortunate result of the redistricting of public school attendance zones. Shuttered schools and other vacant buildings are magnets for illegal activity.18 In addition to increasing instances of criminal activity, these structures lower property values and reduce the likelihood of investment in the area.19 These factors create a selfperpetuating cycle of population decline and diminished property tax revenue, in turn raising the likelihood that schools in and around these neighborhoods will continue to be closed in the event redistricting takes place again in the future. The property element of shuttered schools partially explains why they are generally in the blind spot of school officials during the redistricting process, who are not well-versed in real estate matters. …


Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is typically a low‐to‐intermediate grade sarcoma that is associated with a prolonged clinical course. High‐grade forms are rare and not well characterized. In this series we report the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in four cases of high‐grade extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.


A comprehensive evaluation of the current status of fire-resistant forest belts is of guiding significance in the future to their planning and construction.This paper,based on the national and local standards performed in Guangzhou City, establishes an index system for the evaluation of the current status of fire-resistant forest belts.Then it collects the concerned data and makes a comprehensive evaluation on the fire prevention effectiveness,density,distribution and network system.Finally,the paper concludes that the fire-resistant forest belts in Guangzhou City need to be strengthened in such respects as construction funds,building standards,network planning and management.


Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) associated with a characteristic translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 to form Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib for CML marked a new era for targeted therapy. In general CML patients in chronic phase (CP) have a very good response to Imatinib with a ~85% projected overall rate of survival. However, a significant proportion harbor molecular residual disease and develop acquired resistance after initial response through a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms in which mutations in the Abl kinase domain are the best known cause of resistance. Mutations are detected in 35% of patients with resistance to TKI in Chronic Phase and up to 80% in patients with accelerated phase and blast phase. Given the clinical importance of the mutation status, mutation analysis was established as a clinical service to aid in the clinical decision and identify the subset who would benefit from alternative therapies. In this retrospective study, we assessed the ABL kinase domain mutation in 93 patients referred from our clinics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research centre (General Organization) between 2011-2013 with Ph positive CML displaying either refractory to TKI or resistance displaying increase BCR-ABL1 levels by serial monitoring using Quantitative PCR. Mutation analysis was performed on RNA extracted from either blood or Bone marrows after amplification of the BCR/ABL1 transcript by nested PCR followed by Direct sequencing of the BCR-ABL1 Kinase domain including residues 243-487. In total, 93 patients (46 Females and 47 males), Age between 10-71 years (median age: 38 years) of which 89 were adults and 4 pediatrics were analyzed. Among 93 patients, 20 (21.5%) were positive for 10 different mutations across the ABL1 Kinase domain mutations (7 patients had T315I, 3 patients had each of the following mutation: Y253H, F359I, 2 patients with E255K. Additionally, one patient with each of the following mutations: E355G, V299L, L248V, L298, Y326H and F317L). The duration from diagnosis to mutation detection ranged between 3-144 months with a median duration of 4 years. Despite the retrospective nature and the relatively small sample size of a single center analysis, the mutation frequency is in line with similar studies reported from our region. Further follow up is needed to identify the outcome of these patients acquiring ABL kinase mutations on targeted therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The ultrafast control of materials has opened the possibility to investigate non-equilibrium states of matter with striking properties, provided the sample of interest can sustain the strong fields often required. Hence, understanding ultrafast thermodynamic processes within the material are key. While slow processes lead to quasi-static changes in equilibrium, we focus here on the opposite limit of extremely short time scales, where the system rapidly approaches a non-equilibrium regime. Thermodynamic processes under fast driving were considered before, e.g. in arXiv:2210.11975, but have never been brought into connection with controlled experiments. Here, we derive a mesoscopic model for the entropy production due to non-equilibrium phonons excited by a THz laser pulse. While entropy cannot be measured directly, we show that the spectral entropy production can be obtained from experimentally observable quantities, which we illustrate using time-resolved X-ray scattering data for SrTiO$_3$. Further, we compute the spectral entropy production as a function of frequency for SrTiO$_3$ and KTaO$_3$ for various temperatures. Finally, we predict that the power spectrum of the displacement-displacement correlation function exhibits a broad peak besides the eigenmode-resonance, which is associated with entropy production.


An empirical study in service firms was used to explore in-company entrepreneurs. The results support the contention that entrepreneurship in large organisations is increasingly a role which is partially created by structured conditions, and by the firm's strategic actions. As such the entrepreneurial behaviour is constrained or tied.


Background: Osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and locomotor disability worldwide. Though various pharmacological, mechanical and surgical interventions are used, there is no known cure for OA. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac and aceclofenac tablet in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model.Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-180 g were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group i.e. group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac tablet), group 3 (aceclofenac tablet) and group 4 (ariflex tablet). The study drugs were orally administered with feeding needle, 30 minutes prior to carrageenan injection. After 30 min 1% w/v of 0.05 ml carrageenan was injected subcutaneously in the rat paw. The paw was marked with ink at the level of lateral malleolus and immersed in mercury up to lateral malleolus mark. The paw volume was measured plethysmographically after injection at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour and eventually at 5 hour.Results: All the test formulations possess statistically significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control group. The maximum percentage inhibition for Ariflex tablet was 96.97% at the end of 5 hours. When compared to control group, statistically significant reduction of paw edema was observed. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet from 2 hours onwards is comparable to that of diclofenac tablet and aceclofenac tablet.Conclusions: Ariflex tablet possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.


Cav3.1 T‐type Ca2+ channels play pivotal roles in neuronal low‐threshold spikes, visceral pain, and pacemaker activity. Phosphorylation has been reported to potently regulate the activity and gating properties of Cav3.1 channels. However, systematic identification of phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) in Cav3.1 channel has been poorly investigated. In this work, we analyzed rat Cav3.1 protein expressed in HEK‐293 cells by mass spectrometry, identified 30 phosphosites located at the cytoplasmic regions, and illustrated them as a Cav3.1 phosphorylation map which includes the reported mouse Cav3.1 phosphosites. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the phosphosites to Ala residues and functional analysis of the phospho‐silent Cav3.1 mutants expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed that the phospho‐silent mutation of the N‐terminal Ser18 reduced its current amplitude with accelerated current kinetics and negatively shifted channel availability. Remarkably, the phospho‐silent mutations of the C‐terminal Ser residues (Ser1924, Ser2001, Ser2163, Ser2166, or Ser2189) greatly reduced their current amplitude without altering the voltage‐dependent gating properties. In contrast, the phosphomimetic Asp mutations of Cav3.1 on the N‐ and C‐terminal Ser residues reversed the effects of the phospho‐silent mutations. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the multiple phosphosites of Cav3.1 at the N‐ and C‐terminal regions play crucial roles in the regulation of the channel activity and voltage‐dependent gating properties.


Purpose – The proliferation of the internet as the means for knowledge and information exchange gives rise to new issues of sustaining trust within web‐mediated information environments. However, researchers have not studied trust on websites that evoke emotionally charged topics that are culturally and ethically oriented as much as they have studied e‐tailing trust. Hence, this paper aims to explore the notion of trust within the web‐based information for Islamic content environment and how consumers' trust evaluations on topics that are sensitive to their cultural norms would give different a connotation of trust and its guidelines.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the notion of trust, its dimensions, conceptualisation and operationalisation in the online environment. The paper presents the results of a descriptive study conducted via an online survey distributed to online Muslim users through the mailing list of the Federation of Universities in the Islamic World (see www.fuiw.org) data...


Background: Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and an uncommon risk of textured breast implants. Over the past decade, concern about BIA-ALCL has been increasing among both patients and surgeons. Patients are seeking a better understanding of their BIA-ALCL risk toward identifying a personalized care plan. This quality improvement project examines the value added by pairing group-based patient education seminars with one-on-one consults. Methods: Individual consults were held following educational group seminars. Consult field notes underwent qualitative thematic analysis. Themes were cross referenced against a quantitative chart review of patient BIA-ALCL prophylaxis decisions over time. Results: Four key themes were identified: weighing, perceiving, guiding, and supporting. Weighing considers the risk-benefit assessments patients make when weighing their BIA-ALCL risk. Perceiving describes the underlying psychosocial factors that frame patient perceptions of BIA-ALCL risk. Guiding presents the levels of guidance that patients require when making BIA-ALCL prophylaxis decisions. Supporting explores the therapeutic value of the individual consult. Ultimately, 41% of post-seminar consult attendees sought explantation, compared with 4% among patients who did not participate in this program (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Key lessons include the following: (1) patients weigh BIA-ALCL risk against perceived surgical risks and the value of their reconstruction; (2) patients can benefit from a personalized balance of autonomy and surgeon guidance when selecting a BIA-ALCL prevention plan; (3) surgeons should seek to understand the psychosocial factors that may underlie patient perceptions of BIA-ALCL risk; and (4) individual consults can be therapeutic and help strengthen the patient–surgeon relationship.


The invention discloses a kind of cups, including base portion, base portion top left side is fixed with strut, it is equipped in base portion top right side and connects slot, it connects to control to stretch to be equipped in slot and connects bar, it connects in slot and connects the sliding strut for slipping on bar and being connected with stretching, extension setting upwards, strut and sliding strut opposite side are respectively equipped with the first stirring body and the second stirring body, the first hollow cavity is equipped in strut, the first turn bar of left and right stretching, extension setting is equipped in first hollow cavity, the first cone cell wheel is fixed on first turn bar, first cone cell wheel bottom right side is ratcheting to be connected with the second cone cell wheel, the turn cylinder for stretching setting to the right is fixedly installed on second cone cell wheel, the right side of stretch section break-through strut and turn mating connection on the right side of turn cylinder, turn cylinder end pin is fixedly connected with the first stirring body;The configuration of the present invention is simple improves length adjustment speed and stirring stability, and regulating step is simple, improves overall work process.


The theme of guilt looms large in Kazuo Ishiguro's fiction. A locus classicus for Ishiguro criticism is an explicit observation concerning the dramatization of regret: "What I'm interested in is not the actual fact that my characters have done things they later regret.... I'm interested in how they come to terms with it." (1) In this essay I will pursue the issues of guilt and regret in The Remains of the Day (2) beyond the narrator's record and investigate how the novel deals with a complicity that is inherent in the very forms it relies upon for its disclosure of the theme. In Remains, guilt as complicity is a principle at work on the level of genre as well as in the imagined lives of the characters. Furthermore, at the level of genre it is involved in the real historical processes that are partially evoked in the fictionalized characters. That is, while the fictional and fictionalized characters, who move about in a history evoked and analyzed by the fiction, may appear complicitous with certain historical forces, the genres that constitute their ground are more directly the accomplices of a less visible history. It is the effect of this narrative to expose the characters more than the cultured forms in which they are given to us. The guilt obsessively repressed by the butler, Mr. Stevens, is exposed by the story as a sedimentation of emotions attaching to the romantic failure vis-a-vis the one-time housekeeper, Miss Kenton, and to the historical-political failure to evade complicity in the appeasement policies of Lord Darlington. The "unreliability" of the narration introduces few doubts as to Stevens's final guilt or his recognition of it. Mike Petty puts it well, when he says that "[i]ndeed, unreliability is so matter-of-fact in Remains that the reader quickly adapts to it." (3) What remains unexposed by the irony of the narration, however, is the structural complicity of cultured forms that narrativize and defuse guilt even as they perform the service of exposing it. To call these genres "complicitous" marks a particular suspicion on my part. The postmodern novel, it has been argued, is almost by definition "subversive" of the literary tradition to which it self-consciously belongs. The relationship between the two, we have heard on many occasions, is insistently ironic. It is indeed a postmodern commonplace that the undermining of genre is a structural function of any incorporation of other genres into the novel. Certainly, it is an effect of the code by which novels are read (and written) at this juncture. Linda Hutcheon's label of historiographic metafiction has been crucial in this regard, and it may well be appended to Ishiguro's novel, along with the labels of postcolonial and postimperialist. (4) One purpose of my investigation here is to introduce some doubts regarding this blanket assignation of subversiveness, and suggest that the postmodern irony may even tend to conceal cultural patterns that may legitimately be held to account by a less postmodern sort of critique. The ironic, postmodern staging of history in my view amounts to a misrecognition of history. Briefly, the story told in Remains is about the narrator Mr. Stevens's lifetime of professional service as a butler, told in the form of a journal he keeps during a few days of traveling through the southwest of England in July 1956. In reminiscences from the 1920s and 1930s Stevens recounts telling episodes charting his relations with his employer Lord Darlington, to the housekeeper Miss Kenton, and to his father, at the time serving as an under-butler at Darlington Hall. The reader is soon given to understand that Stevens is withholding as much as he is expressing. The disastrous effects on Lord Darlington's reputation as he works diplomatically in favor of the German cause before and after 1933, the failure of Stevens to display any feelings other than professional concern for Miss Kenton, his inability to communicate with his father--these are all on display to the reader even as Stevens tries to fit them into his narrative without acknowledging their full import. …


With the deepening of the reform of college English teaching,more and more teachers focus on students learning English autonomous culture.This article main based on autonomous learning theory,mainly discusses realistic basis and development program of the students' learning autonomy in college English teaching.


Layer-One.X (L1X) blockchain provides the infrastructure layer on which decentralized applications can be created. L1X's governance token distribution is important and requires a proportional balance between token distribution, nurturing user activity and engagement, and financial incentives. In this paper, we present research in progress of L1X tokenomics describing key concepts and implementations including token velocity and value, incentive scheme, and broad distribution. Particularly the economic design of the native token of the L1X blockchain is presented.


In order to gain insight into the effects of elasticity on the dynamics of fluids in porous media, we have analyzed the flow of a Maxwell fluid in a tube. The entire problem is transformed to the frequency domain through a time Fourier transform and this allows for the derivation of a dynamic generalization of Darcy's law. Analytical results are provided showing a dramatic enhancement at certain frequencies. We present a parametric analysis of the dissipative and elastic behavior of the system, and we obtain an analytic expression for the maximum value of the permeability and the frequency at which this maximum occurs in terms of the physical properties of the fluid and the radius of the tube. With these results, we show that the human pulse occurs at a frequency that produces a permeability in the neighborhood of the maximum permeability.


The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA) authorized the US Department of Energy (DOE) to establish a national system for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste from commercial power generation, and established the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) within the DOE-Headquarters (DOE-HQ) to carry out these duties. A 1985 presidential decision added the disposal of high-level radioactive waste generated by defense programs to the national disposal system. A primary element of the disposal program is the development and operation of a transportation system to move the waste from its present locations to the facilities that will be included in the waste management system. The primary type of disposal facility to be established is a geologic repository; a Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) facility may also be included as an intermediate step in the nuclear waste disposal process. This paper focuses on the progress and status of one facet of the transportation program--the development of a family of shipping casks for transporting spent fuel from nuclear power reactor sites to the repository of MRS facility.


We use a result due to Gutljanski; to obtain the radius of a-convexity for the class S* of starlike univalent functions for real a.


Using a general relativistic exact model for spherical structures in a cosmological background, we have put forward an algorithm to calculate the test particle geodesics within such cosmological structures in order to obtain the velocity profile of stars or galaxies. The rotation curve thus obtained is based on a density profile and is independent of any mass definition which is not unique in general relativity. It is then shown that this general relativistic rotation curves for a toy model and a NFW density profile are almost identical to the corresponding Newtonian one, although the general relativistic masses may be quite different.


Horse-beans (HB) were extruded at 120 °C. Two nonlactating Holstein cows with rumen and proximal duodenal fistulae were used to determine the effect of extrusion on in situ rumen degradation after 4, 8 and 16 h of incubation and intestinal digestibility of HB protein. Results of the present study indicate that processing diminished the ruminal degradability of HB proteins; after 4, 8 and 16 h of rumen exposure the nitrogen loss was reduced by 29, 31 and 18% respectively, with a corresponding increase in the amounts disappearing from the intestine of 110, 169 and 135%. Heat-treatment did not alter the amino acids (AA) profile; AA composition of the HB protein fractions that bypass the rumen may markedly differ quantitatively and qualitatively from their original composition. Extruding the beans increased intestinal disappearance of most of the AA, but variation in disappearance among AA was substantial. These results indicate that rumen undegraded proteins differ in their potential as a source for absorbab...


Objective
To explore the maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) expression of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) colon tissues and matched normal controls, observing the affect of MEG3-overexpression in human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE (2), a cell model of HSCR, and elucidate the effect and mechanisms of MEG3 in HSCR.

Methods
Real-time fluorescence quantitative (RT-qPCR) was utilized for detecting the MEG3 expression levels in 17 HSCR colonic tissues and matched normal controls. Cell culture and transfection technique were employed for transfecting MEG3-overexpression plasmid into SK-N-BE (2) cells. And the groups of MEG3-overexpression, blank vector transfection and control were assigned. The effects of proliferation, cloning, invasion and apoptosis on MEG3-overexpression SK-N-BE (2) cells were examined by CCK-8, Edu cell proliferation assay, Transwell technique and flow cytometry.

Results
The expression of MEG3 was 1.783±0.249 in HSCR group and 0.962±0.101 in control group. Edu cell proliferation assay: the cells were (69.7±11.3), (74.8±9.6) and (37.5±8.1); Transwell assay: (67.7±8.1), (70.5±10.3) and (31.6±5.2); Cell apoptosis: (24.99±2.78)%, (22.11±2.58)% and (42.75±5.95)% in blank vector, control and MEG3 groups respectively. The expression of MEG3 was up-regulated in study cases as compared with controls (P<0.01). The proliferation, cloning and invasiveness significantly decreased in MEG3-overexpression SK-N-BE (2) cells as compared with controls (P<0.01) while apoptosis increased significantly (P<0.01).

Conclusions
The expression level of MEG3 is abnormal in HSCR. And MEG3 may affect cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of SK-N-BE (2).

Key words:
Megacolon, Congenital; Neuroblastoma; Models,animal; Long noncoding RNA


Despite numerous methodological advances, the normalization of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data remains a challenging task and the performance of different methods can vary greatly across datasets. Part of the reason for this is the different kinds of unwanted variation, including library size, batch and cell cycle effects, and the association of these with the biology embodied in the cells. A normalization method that does not explicitly take into account cell biology risks removing some of the signal of interest. Furthermore, most normalization methods remove the effects of unwanted variation for the cell embedding used for clustering-based analysis but not from gene-level data typically used for differential expression (DE) analysis to identify marker genes. Here we propose RUV-III-NB, a statistical method that can be used to remove unwanted variation from both the cell embedding and gene-level counts. RUV-III-NB explicitly takes into account its potential association with biology when removing unwanted variation via the use of pseudo-replicates. The method can be used for both UMI or sequence read counts and returns adjusted counts that can be used for downstream analyses such as clustering, DE and pseudotime analyses. Using five publicly available datasets that encompass different technological platforms, kinds of biology and levels of association between biology and unwanted variation, we show that RUV-III-NB manages to remove library size and batch effects, strengthen biological signals, improve differential expression analyses, and lead to results exhibiting greater concordance with independent datasets of the same kind. The performance of RUV-III-NB is consistent across the five datasets and is not sensitive to the number of factors assumed to contribute to the unwanted variation. It also shows promise for removing other kinds of unwanted variation such as platform effects. The method is implemented as a publicly available R package available from https://github.com/limfuxing/ruvIIInb.


Purpose. To compare visual and clinical outcomes of wavefront-guided VISX CustomVue (VISX, Santa Clara, CA) LASIK and conventional LASIK. Methods. This study retrospectively evaluated 130 eyes of 65 patients, including 40 eyes of 20 patients in the CustomVue group and 90 eyes of 45 patients in conventional LASIK group. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, and refractive error were measured. Higher-order aberration (HOA) were measured by WaveScan system using a Hartmann-Shack sensor as their root mean square values (RMS HO), and individual Zernike coefficients of 3rd to 4th order before and 1 year after the surgery and compared using Mann-Whitney test or Student's t-test. Results. There was no significant difference in spherical equivalent between the groups. CV eyes showed superiority in number of eyes seeing 20/20 or better. RMS HO was less in CV group than that induced by conventional LASIK (0.37 ± 0.15 µm and 0.62 ± 0.26 µm, respectively). Preoperative mean RMS HO more than 0.3 µm was associated with a decrease in postoperative HOA in CV group. CV system induced significantly less spherical aberration (0.149 ± 0.157 µm and 0.364 ± 0.284 µm, respectively, р < 0,002). Conclusions. CustomVue seems to have better uncorrected visual acuity outcomes. It generally increases HOA, but statistically significant by less, compared with conventional LASIK. The most benefits have patients with RMS HO higher than 03 µm. Key words: CustomVue, conventional LASIK, wavefront-guided LASIK.


This paper propsed an idea that the optical network and IP network will develop parallelly for long time, analysed the important meaning of OXC and OADM in the future high speed information network,and pointed out that OXC,OADM,OTDM and OPS represent the development direction of future optical network.


We consider embeddings of 3-manifolds in S4 such that each of the two complementary regions has an abelian fundamental group. In particular, we show that an homology handle M has such an embedding if and only if π1(M)′ is perfect, and that the embedding is then essentially unique. Every integral homology 3-sphere embeds as a topologically locally flat hypersurface in S, and has an essentially unique "simplest" such embedding, with contractible complementary regions. For other 3-manifolds which embed in S, the complementary regions cannot both be simply-connected, and it not clear whether they always have canonical "simplest" embeddings. If M is a closed hypersurface in S = X ∪M Y then H1(M ;Z) ∼= H1(X;Z)⊕H1(Y ;Z), and so embeddings such that each of the complementary regions X and Y has an abelian fundamental group might be considered simplest. We shall say that such an embedding is abelian. Although most 3-manifolds that embed in S do not have such embeddings, this class is of particular interest as the possible groups are known, and topological surgery in dimension 4 is available for abelian fundamental groups. Homology 3-spheres have essentially unique abelian embeddings (although they may have other embeddings). This is also known for S × S and S/Q(8), by results of Aitchison (published in [21]) and Lawson [16], respectively. In Theorems 10 and 11 below we show that if M is an orientable homology handle (i.e., such that H1(M ;Z) ∼= Z) then it has an abelian embedding if and only if π1(M) has perfect commutator subgroup, and then the abelian embedding is essentially unique. (There are homology handles which do not embed in S at all!) The 3-manifolds obtained by 0-framed surgery on 2-component links with unknotted components always have abelian embeddings, and the complementary regions for such embeddings are homotopy equivalent to standard 2-complexes. These shall be our main source of examples. In particular, we shall give an example in which X ' Y ' S ∨ S, but the pairs (X,M) and (Y,M) are not homotopy equivalent. We do not yet have examples of a 3-manifold with several inequivalent abelian embeddings. The first two sections fix our notation, recall some earlier work, and give some results on homotopy equivalences. In §3 we define the notions of abelian and nilpotent embeddings. Sections 4–6 consider abelian embeddings of 3-manifolds M with torsion free homology (i.e., H1(M ;Z) ∼= Z , where β ≤ 4 or β = 6). In §7 we consider briefly some embeddings of rational homology spheres. In particular, we shall show that ten 3-manifolds with elementary amenable fundamental group have abelian embeddings. The question remains open for one further such 3-manifold. In §8 we give some simple observations on the possible homotopy types 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 57N13.


The risk of local and systemic complications are ever present during the administration of nerve blocks in the field of dentistry, but the knowledge and timely steps taken by the clinician can decrease the incidence of this event in his/her practice. Here the author presents a case of transient blurring of vision in one eye following the administration of posterior superior alveolar nerve block prior to a dental surgical procedure. To explain the possible mechanism of this rare complication and to make aware of such complications of local anesthetic in dental practice.


BackgroundPilon fractures continue to be a treatment challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine our rate of early (up to 6 weeks) complications associated with using the anterolateral approach to the distal tibia. MethodsThirty-six patients treated between September, 2005, and July, 2007, at a level I trauma center were reviewed. Patients were treated by two fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Patients followed the standard staged protocol used for pilon fractures with early external fixation after injury and delayed definitive operative fixation through an anterolateral approach. Patients were examined clinically at 2–3 weeks and then 6 weeks for complications associated with the surgical approach. ResultsAll fractures were AO/OTA type C fractures (72% C3, 19% C2, and 8% C1). Nine of the 36 patients (24.7%) had wound complications related to the anterolateral incision. Six patients (16.7%) had minor complications, and three (8%) had major complications. The three major complications were deep wound infections; the six minor complications were treated successfully with oral antibiotics and local wound care. ConclusionsOpen reduction and internal fixation of pilon fractures using an anterolateral approach provided an extensile approach to the distal tibia and ankle with a relatively low incidence of major early wound complications in a series of patients with highly complex pilon fractures.


This paper presents a review of the state of the art in electric propulsion for regional aircraft in the MW range. The implications surrounding the implementation of this technology, such as the need of high-power density or the use of high-voltage at high-altitude, are presented. Along with the challenges, the available technologies to face them are reviewed. Those are, as follows, the emerging new motor topologies for this purpose, the winding technologies, the materials employed for electric motors for aircraft propulsion and the ground-breaking use of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) as a high-power density enabler. Finally, a conclusion is presented gathering the main ideas of the paper.


The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is of high conservation value in the U.K. and has recently become listed as a UKBAP species, with native populations in England being restricted to eight Lake District water bodies including Crummock Water. Variations in the water level of this reservoir resulting from options proposed in a Draft Statutory Drought Plan may have adverse effects on the status of this Arctic charr population, although its ecology has so far been little studied. The present project, commissioned as the second year of a proposed 5 year programme of work, assessed the Arctic charr population of Crummock Water by hydroacoustic survey and assessed the timing of its spawning in the context of potential impacts from droughts and their most sympathetic management by Drought Order. These findings have direct impact on the conservation activities of United Utilities, Natural England and the Environment Agency, with wider implications for other bodies in the U.K. and elsewhere.


As claimed by several authors, we live in the information age (Masuda, 1981; Castells, 1996, 2002). An era where knowledge and information have become key factors in the growth of contemporary society triggering socio-political and economical as well as cultural and spatial changes (e.g. the emergence of the space of flows, Castells, 1996). On one side, new political and environmental challenges inspired by the acceptance of the sustainable development principles have induced governments and public authorities to open up access to environmental information as a means to improve public participation in environmental decision making and awareness. On the other side the growth of ICT is a tool that not only constitutes an industry in its own right but which also pervades all sectors of economy, where it acts as integrating and enabling technologies. ICT have a profound impact on society, and their production and use have important effects on the development of economic, social and environmental areas, promoting new ABSTRACT


I read with great interest, Patrick Plunkett's recent editorial, 'Evolution – a slow and eventful process' [1]. His reference to recent attempts by European anesthesiologists to develop a 'core curriculum' for emergency medicine as a subspecialty of anesthesiology repeats similar events in the United States 30–40 years ago [2]. A remarkable book by Brian Zink chronicles the history of emergency medicine in the United States, and includes brief references to conflicts with other specialties who felt they 'owned' all or part of emergency medicine [3].


Forensic odontology is a branch of forensic sciences which proof to be very helpful during investigationof criminal cases and during person identification by providing the dental expertise in the court and to thelegal system so that proper justice can be done based on evidence. The tongue is a crucial organ very muchencased inside the oral cavity and shielded from nature. Tongue print is the subtleties present on uncoveredsection of tongue when the surface and shape are assembled. The morphology and surface highlights areattributes of each person, and these characteristics can be utilized for criminological distinguishing proof.It has unique shape and surface textures in each individual. The shape, colour and texture of tongue aredifferent in identical twins. And hence it can be used as a new method for personal identification withfurther elaboration. The unique features make it a valuable tool in forensic odontology. The exposedportion of tongue contains information with visible differences from one individual to another therefore itis helpful in identification of suspect during forensic investigation. Tongue becomes the forensic evidencefor establishing the cause of death. It is an evolving science in the field of forensic and there is greater scopefor its further development. The use of tongue print as forensic identification is at budding stage but now itsuse as a biometric authentication system is gaining a lot of popularity. This review is aimed at describing thedistinctive features of tongue, application of tongue prints in personal identification and as biometric systemand the challenges faced in its use.


To the Editor:— Concerning Dr. Milhorat's discussion (Treatment of Edema,The Journal, March 4, p. 837), I would call attention to a therapeutic trick which can be used when extravasation outside the vein occurs when mersalyl (salyrgan) is injected intravenously. If one promptly injects the contents of one ampule of sodium cacodylate (three fourths grain [0.05 Gm.] to the cubic centimeter into and about the extravasation, no pain, necrosis or slough ensues. Salyrgan may also be combined with sodium cacodylate (an ampule of each) for giving painless intramuscular injections. I have given salyrgan and sodium cacodylate together subcutaneously with good results.


The impact of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) flowering on nutritional and allelochemical quality of pollen, current‐year and one‐year‐old foliage is studied in relation to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) growth, development and utilization of food and nitrogen. In the laboratory, using fresh food from the field, we simulated conditions of low larval population density, in which there is no current‐year foliage depletion during the spruce budworm feeding period. Similarly, we simulated conditions of high larval population density when current‐year foliage depletion occurs.


By the introduction of machine elements made of light metals, e.g. Al or Mg alloys, which are coated with a material providing high wear resistance and low friction coefficient, both economical and ...


This thesis clarifies the subject of the participation of the local people in
Jungutbatu village to retain their environment. Their village, located in Bali,
Indonesia, is a destination for ecotourism. As ecotourism, it needs the
participation of locals to retain this development in their village, especially
regarding their natural environment. This participation can be measured and
observed seen from local values, culture, and behavior.
The data in this thesis project was collected through the ethnography
method, observation and participation (live in), in-depth interviews, and also
through field research. Researcher lived in this village for about three months, and
lived side by side with locals. Good response from locals made researcher able to
get data easily.Beside those techniques, data was also collected through literature,
photo documenting, recording, and internet research.
The result of this research shows that there�s a different between their
values about domestic and public space. In domestic place (homes of the locals)
they keep it clean,but its different in public areas. There are many factors behind
this result


In recent years it has been observed that the instrumentation and automation markets have been demanding field equipment such as pressure and temperature transmitters converters positioning actuators and controllers among others with high performance reliability availability etc., with the intention of obtaining better results such as minimizing power consumption, reducing process variability reducing operating and maintenance costs as well as ensuring optimization. With this advance in the demand of high performance field equipment and the consolidation of industrial networks the project proposal is the implementation of open standards protocol tools to access data and make the parameterization and configuration of field equipment (transmitters and sensors) in order to obtain a maintenance plan for the equipment and to analyze the influence that these tools can have on the network due to over supervision and information carried on the network. For this, two complete monitoring and control systems were assembled using an open field equipment maintenance system using Profibus technology. The first system used the Prosoft Compact Logix card controller communicating with four field instruments, supervision using the Elipse SCADA system and maintenance system using the Pactware software. The second system consisted of a controller DF95 using the same four field instruments, ProcessView supervision system and ProfibusView maintenance station. With the aid of a line listening tool, all message packets exchanged between all devices were captured, as well as the respective network times. With this it was possible to make a deep study on the Profibus network, besides analyzing the performance of the cyclic and acyclic communication between these two systems. The results showed that supervision does not present a significant change in scan times and the inclusion of new devices in the network is practically linear. It was also possible to notice better performance of Compact Logix controller compared to DF95.


Targeted methylases are engineered fusion proteins that catalyze sequence-specific methylation – a useful tool to research DNA methylation and edit epigenomes. To accelerate the development of targeted methylases, we created and validated a biobrick assay, and enzymatically active fusion proteins for use as a positive control. Our modular single-plasmid system allows methylase fusions to be easily cloned, expressed, and tested via inexpensive digestion and gel electrophoresis. Our biobrick enables quickly measuring the existence and extent of targeted methylation. It additionally includes validated primer-binding sites for methylation-sensitive bisulfite sequencing, and our E. coli chassis effectively eliminated noise associated with methylation studies. The rapid and affordable workflow enables the quick iterations of the design-build-test cycle necessary for protein engineering.


Multiple cropping, a common practice of intensive agriculture that grows crops multiple times in the agricultural land in one growing season, is an effective way to fulfill the food demand given limited cropland areas. Deriving cropping cycles from satellite data provides the spatial distribution of cropping intensities that allows for monitoring of the multiple cropping activities over large areas. Although efforts have been made to map cropping cycles at 500 m or coarser resolution, producing cropping cycle maps at high resolution remain challenging because data from single satellite sensor do not provide sufficient spatiotemporal observations. In this paper, we generate dense time series of satellite data at 30 m resolution by fusion of Landsat and MODIS data, and derive the cropping cycles from the fused time series data. The method achieves overall accuracies of 92.5% and 89.2%, respectively, for two typical regions of multiple cropping in China using samples identified based on satellite time series data, and an overall accuracy of 81.2% for four subregions using all samples identified based on multi-temporal high resolution images. The mapped crop cycles show to be reasonable geographically and agree with the national census data. The fusion approach provides a feasible way to map cropping cycles at 30 m resolution and enables improved depiction of the spatial distribution of multiple cropping.