Pointers from the American Freedom of Choice Act

In a 1986 letter to Arkansas Right to Life, then Governor Bill Clinton wrote: 'I am opposed to abortion and to government funding of abortions .... I do support the concept of the
proposed Arkansas Constitutional Amendment 65 and agree with its stated purpose.' (That no public funds would be used to pay for any abortion, except to save the mother's life.)


Many cirrus studies have shown that cirrus clouds covering a large fraction of the earth's surface, play a vital role in regulating the radiation budget of the earth-atmosphere system and hence have significant impact on the global climate process. It is therefore desirable to have a good understanding of the evolutionary behavior of these clouds. One of the important features about cirrus clouds is that the cloud body contains almost all ice crystals with different shapes. The most commonly observed crystal types are columns, plates, bullet rosettes, and ice crystal aggregates with irregular shape. The purpose of this study is to understand the degree of influence of different ice crystal shape on the time evolution of thin cirrus clouds. The significance of ice crystal habit on the evolution of cirrus clouds resides in two distinct aspects; namely, microphysics and radiation. Based on the model result of Ji and Wang (1991), the ventilation effect due to the motion of ice crystal is a strong function of crystal habit. ' For example, under the same thermodynamic and dynamic conditions, the difference in ventilation coefficient for columns can be twice as large as that of plates. As for the aspect of radiation, different crystal habit absorbs and scatters different amount of radiation due to geometrical differences and thus will result in different degrees of radiative heating/cooling rates within clouds. Therefore, in order to understand the effect of ice crystal habit on the evolution of cirrus clouds, the shape factor must be considered not only in the growth equation but also in the calculation of ice crystal optical properties. In this study four types of ice crystals are investigated: columns, plates, bullet rosettes, and ice spheres.


Utilization of the quinacrine mustard fluorescence technique supported by photoelectric recordings, and a modified Giemsa staining technique with trypsin pretreatment has made possible an accurate analysis of the cattle chromosomes. All individual chromosome pairs have been identified, and the most clear-cut distinguishing characteristics have been described.


Rotational diffusion constants were determined as a function of shear gradient in a region of low shear (generally, less than 20 sec−1) for various concentrations (generally, less than 0.1 per cent clay by weight) of polydisperse aqueous dispersions of montmorillonite, hectorite, and attapulgite. Extrapolation of these data to zero shear gave concentration dependent zero-gradient rotational diffusion constants. Proper treatment of these results permitted a linear extrapolation to zero concentration to give θG=0, C=0, the zero-gradient zero-concentration rotational diffusion constant, for each of the clay systems.


Among the recent acquisitions of the Ashmolean Museum are the two reliefs which form the subject of the present paper, and which I am permitted to publish by the courtesy of the Keeper, Mr. E. T. Leeds. The Museum already possessed a fragment of a Nymph relief of the ordinary type (three draped female figures moving in procession within a grotto (Chandler, Pars I, Tab. L. No. CXXIV = Michaelis, Anc. Marb., No. 133) so that the two new reliefs materially enrich that group in the Collection. I. Dance of Pan and Nymphs (Pl. XIVa).—Pan occupies the centre of the composition; he moves quickly to his left, leading three female figures in a dance round an altar-shaped stone. He is dressed in a panther skin, which covers his bent right arm; a long narrow mantle is thrown over his left shoulder, one end of which floats behind him, the other is twisted round his left arm, in which he holds a pedum; his head is turned back over his right shoulder towards the nymph who follows him (No. 1). His figure is in high relief (3 cmm.), his head, the floating ends of his scarf and his legs so much undercut as almost to seem detached from the background. The body of the first nymph is also in high relief (2½ cmm.), and is twisted round to present a three-quarters view; her right arm is thrown back to grasp ah end of her drapery, her left is raised to her shoulder.


The incorporation behavior of N atoms at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface is theoretically investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations. We find that the incorporation energy of N atoms at the Si-face interface is ranging from −1.87 to −1.12 eV, which is much higher than those at the C-face and m-face interfaces. Furthermore, the incorporation of O atoms of NO molecules at the Si-face interface leads to the desorption of N atoms as N2 molecules when the areal density of N atoms is larger than 3 × 1014 cm−2, while the incorporation of N atoms of NO molecules preferentially occurs on the C-face (m-face) interface until the areal density of N atoms is less than 2 × 1015 (1 × 1015) cm−2. The calculated results suggest that the difference in the reaction energies depending on the plane orientation and the competition between N-incorporation and N2 desorption are important for understandings of the atom-scale mechanism of N-incorporation behavior at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces.


Antisera produced in the duck against pooled rabbit corneas exhibited cytotoxic effects on various rabbit cells grown in vitro. Corneal epithelium, endothelium and conjunctival epithelium were damaged by these antisera. The anti-cornea sera showed no significant reactions with rabbit corneal stromal fibroblasts. Conjunctival and spleen fibroblasts and heart "fibroblasts" were also completely unaffected. No effects on rabbit kidney epithelial cultures were observed. Antisera against rabbit lens and rabbit heart also showed cytotoxic effects against rabbit corneal epithelial cells. An apparent difference was found between fibroblasts grown from rabbit corneal stroma, conjunctiva and spleen, and the fibroblast-like cells grown from rabbit heart. The heart cells were profoundly damaged by anti-heart serum, while they were unaffected by anti-corneal and anti-lens sera. None of the sera had any effect on the fibroblasts grown from the other tissues.


This paper primary analyze the destroy effect of C-fibred composite and D6A steel shell charge blasting in concrete.Wave impedance and energy principle is adopted.Theory analyze indicated that C-fibred composite,concrete and detonator material wave impedance is nearly the same,and is fitter than steel shall in shock wave promulgate and blasting energy transmit.So,C-fiber composite shell charge blasting destroy effect is batter than steel shell charge.


A modified version of a computer model of radio meteors, based on empirical data for the arrival of meteoric material in circumterrestrial space, is presented. Good agreement with the experimental data for the Moscow-Kazan radio link is obtained. Results of calculations of the angular sizes of the reflection area for the St. Petersburg-Kazan radio link are presented. The reflection area is shown to be a sufficiently compact object with angular sizes 34.6{degrees}{+-}2.1{degrees} in the azimuthal plane and 12.7{degrees}{+-}1.2{degrees} in the vertical plane.


This study investigated 247 senior school teachers by means of the revised senior school teacher's occupational stress questionnaire school organization atmosphere,analyzed the current status of the senior school teacher's occupational stress and school organization atmosphere,and explored the relationship between them.The results showed that senior school teachers suffered from occupational stress universally;the school organization atmosphere was good;school organization atmosphere had significant negative predictive effects on occupational stress,while school interpersonal atmosphere had the most significant predictive effect on teacher occupational stress.


Received doctrine that permeates the literature and practice of K-12 mathematics education, if implemented uncritically, will obstruct the development of skills that are critical for the study of calculus. Two false dichotomies are of principle concern : • Blind rote is always bad and leads to error, whereas thinking about what you are doing is always good and leads to success • Solving problems by algebra is bad, whereas concretizing problems by the use of physical and visual models is good.


A high-frequency induction heating apparatus was used for the heat treatment of a commercial 6061 aluminum alloy bar with the objective of improving the mechanical properties and productivity. Heating states of the 6061 alloy bar were examined in terms of temperature distribution, heating rate, overheating and temperature fluctuation; moreover, the mechanical properties of the alloy after heat treatment were also investigated. The results of this study are as follows. When the 6061 alloy bar was rapidly heated to the heat treatment temperature using the induction heating apparatus, temperature distribution and overheating of the sample were small as well as the temperature fluctuations in the holding process. A rapid heating rate of about 21°C/s heated the sample to the heat treatment temperature of 560°C in 26 s. The sample showed equivalent or superior mechanical properties compared with a sample heated by conventional electric furnace. Temperature and time of the heat treatment process greatly influenced the mechanical properties of the 6061 alloy, while there was no significant difference in mechanical properties of the sample heat-treated at various heating rates.


To the Editor, Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a slow-growing, locally invasive skin cancer, is the most frequent cutaneous malignancy in the Caucasian population. Superficial BCC (sBCC) is a clinical variant, which develops mainly on the trunk, shows a slow radial growth and a minimal tendency to invasion or ulceration. However, if left untreated, it can become giant sized with a tendency towards deep invasion(1). In terms of efficacy, tolerability and cosmetic outcome, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a first-line treatment for sBCC (strength of recommendation: A, quality of evidence: I)(1). However, there are only few reports on large or giant sBCCs treated with PDT(1,2). Available literature data indicate an improved efficacy of topical PDT, using fractionated illumination schemes, in patients suffering from Bowen's disease, as well as nodular BCC. However, this approach has not been used in the treatment of sBCC, which represents a difficult-to-treat clinical subtype. A 39-year-old man presented to our clinic for evaluation of a histologically confirmed, slowly enlarging sBCC over the left part of his forehead. The lesion consisted of a 5.5 7.5 cm well circumscribed, partially eroded and crusted erythematous plaque with slightly elevated borders (Fig. 1). According to his medical history the initial tumour had first appeared 4 years ago and was treated with complete surgical excision. The lesion recurred 5 months later, possibly because the excised tissue did not consist of tumor-free margins. The patient disregarded recommendation for re-excision and subsequently the lesion enlarged and became disfiguring. As a consequence, the patient was under strong psychological stress and argued for a non-invasive therapeutic procedure. We decided, after having obtained his written informed consent, to perform fractionated 5aminolevulinic acid (ALA) PDT. Our decision was based on clinical trials that have demonstrated higher response rates with fractionated illumination than with one single illumination session(3–5). Preparation of the lesion, including gentle removal of the crusts with a small curette, preceded ALA application. The photosensitizer that we used was a 20% 5-ALA preparation (Medac GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), which was applied on the lesion, covering an extra 5 mm rim of clinically normal skin adjacent to the epithelioma. The field was covered with an occlusive dressing and a light protection covering. The lesion was illuminated with a total of 100 J/cm divided into two fractions of 20 and 80 J/cm, 4 and 6 h after ALA application,


The first chapter discusses the asymptotic properties at large time and space of the familiar example of the random walk. The universality of a large scale behaviour and, correspondingly, the existence of a macroscopic continuum limit emerge as collective properties of systems involving a large number of random variables whose individual distribution is sufficiently localized. These properties, as well as the appearance of an asymptotic Gaussian distribution when the random variables are statistically independent, are illustrated with the simple example of the random walk with discrete time steps. The emphasis here is on locality, universality, continuum limit, path integral, Brownian motion, Gaussian distribution and scaling. These properties are first derived from an exact solution and then recovered by renormalization group (RG) methods. This makes it possible to introduce all the RG terminology.


The effects of culture conditions at different temperature (15-25-35°C) and nitrate concentration (0.1-0.25-0.4g/L) on biomass production and growth rate of scenedesmus dimorphus were determined. The results shown that the dry biomass weight (0.153g/L) at 15°C was the lowest. No significant difference was observed between the dry biomasses at 25°C (0.289g/L) and 35°C (0.240g/L). While the lowest growth rate was at 15°C(0.157d), the highestone was at 25°C (0.229d) and 35°C (0.195d) with insignificant deference, and The nitrate concentration had no effect on both of biomass production and growth rate.


This study evaluates the effectiveness of using a Bio-modified Nanoclay additive (BNC) to reduce the oxidative aging of asphalt pavements. The study results through X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that the modification of montmorillonite clay with bio-modifier increased the basal d-spacing of clay. The resulting nanoclay with increased interlayer spacing was chosen for application in asphalt binder. Rheological characterization of clay-modified asphalt binder were studied before and after oxidation aging. The effects of BNC on asphalt complex modulus were observed to be prevailing in the intermediate to high-temperature range. The aging resistance of asphalt binder showed improvement with the addition of nanoclay and the improvement was more notable in presence of bio modified-nanoclay than pure clay.


Lyman continuum (Lyc) photon production rates can be estimated from radio free-free emission and used to estimate the star formation rate (SFR) of 0 stars^ If this SFR is linked to the total SFR through a constant IMF (m ̂ X).l iiiq) one derives for our Galaxy a presentday SFR of M O m0 yr~ , which is close to the average SFR over the age of the galactic disk. This is difficult to reconcile with a formation law of the form SFR ^ M g ^ with k>0 which yields SFRs which decrease with time. Even more severe is the fact that the mass distribution of the galactic disk cannot be reproduced by the present-day SFR with a constant IMF. Bimodal star formation, however, reduces the rate at which matter is permanently locked up in low mass and dead stars by nearly a factor of three, and gets reasonable agreement between the present-day distribution of stellar mass and lock-up rate. Bimodal star formation means that stars with m >0.l mg form in the interarm region while in spiral arms induced star formation produces only stars with m >m c ^2-3 TÛQ. Our Galaxy emits about one third of its stellar luminosity as IR emission from dust. Warm (30-40 K) dust is heated by OB stars. Most of the hot (250-500 K) dust is heated by M giants with heavy mass loss, whose progenitors appear to be stars with^-8 tdq, and which have a similar radial distribution as 0B stars. From an estimate of their present-day luminosity we arrive at the conclusion that the SFR of stars with m foi^ was about constant over the past 10 8 yr. Observations of radio recombination of H and He show that the Lyc photon radiation field gets softer with decreasing galactocentric distance. This effect is linked to an increase of the metal abundance towards the galactic center. This can be attributed to the combined effect of UV line blanketing, increase of stellar radius and decrease of the upper mass limit of the IMF. Stellar parameters and observable radio and infrared characteristics of HII regions. Practically all radiation of a massive, hot and luminous star surrounded by gas and dust of sufficiently high column density is absorbed and re479 C. W. H. De Loore et ai. (eds.), Luminous Stars and Associations in Galaxies, 479-495. ©1986 by the lAU. , available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0074180900149435 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 22.214.171.124, on 13 Mar 2020 at 04:50:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use 480 P. G. MEZGER emitted as radio and infrared (IR) radiation. The number of Lyman con tinuum (Lyc) photons, N £ v c , absorbed per second by the gas is related to the free-free flux density S v (in Jy) at a frequency ν (in GHz) high enough so that opacity effects are negligible, by NT = a(v,T )(l+yV 4.76 ΙΟ* τ"** ν " 0 1 S D 2 (la) Lyc ' e 7 v 7 e ν Here D is the distance in kpc between the sun and the HII region, T e in degree Κ is the electron temperature, y + the number abundance of ionized helium and a(v,Te) a factor of order unity. The Lyc photon production rate, Ν ^ ν ο , is related to Ν £ ν α by N; = (l-f )f N_ (lb) Lyc esc net Lyc with f e s c the fraction of Lyc photons which escape from the HII region and (l~f n et) t n e fraction of Lyc photons which are directly absorbed by dust. The total radio and IR spectrum of a typical radio HII region (i.e. a relatively young HII region with central emission measures of ^10** pc cm"" and angular diameters of some arc minutes or less) is shown in Fig. I.


mony with Marxism, while on the other hand Marxism too should be reformulated and adjusted for its introduction into the Islamic world. This is the message of the Muslim national communists, who argued that theirs was the only correct "Eastern strategy" for the CPSU. Any alternative was a grave mistake: "Appearing in the East under the sole flag of the Russian Communist party, we condemn ourselves to failure because our enemies will denounce us as simple successors to former Russian imperialism" (p. 55). In light of recent events in Afghanistan, this argument appears irrefutable.


This study examines the persistence in the international monthly tourist arrivals to Australia by using a variety of models based on fractional integration and seasonal autoregressions. The results based on disaggregated monthly data indicate that the series are on average mean reverting, though highly persistent, and present intense seasonal patterns. A forecasting performance of several competing models was also conducted, and it was concluded that the models based on long-range dependence outperform other more standard ones based on nonseasonal and seasonal unit roots. The model based on long memory at zero and the seasonal frequencies seems to be the most accurate in this context. More detailed analysis of the results is also derived.


Ordinary Christians' responses to a dramatized reading of the New Testament, together with reflection on research in the area of performance criticism, suggests that understanding of the Bible and spiritual encounter with its texts may be promoted by the reading aloud of, and listening to, substantial portions of the Bible in an unfamiliar format; this might be found in a dramatized presentation and/or a previously unencountered translation. This practice should form part of any programme designed to promote biblical engagement within churches.


In this paper, a modified fuzzy logic control for integrated vehicle dynamics control is presented. This modification is derived from incorporating data exponential forgetting technique into the standard fuzzy controller. The proposed controller is capable of adjusting the robustness of the fuzzy logic controller based on operating conditions, considering uncertainties and nonlinear characteristics of vehicle dynamics. The controller uses yaw rate and side slip angle errors and their integrals as inputs in order to compute the total yaw moment and lateral force required for desired responses. The subsystems considered in the integrated control system are active steering and direct yaw moment controls. To show the efficiency of the proposed controller and also to investigate the benefits of the modified controller over the standard fuzzy logic control schemes simulation during a severe lane change maneuver are executed. Simulation results reveal that the proposed controller can effectively enhance the vehicle stability and handling performances, and also show the advantages of modified controller compared to the standard form.


It is presented a study of different conceptions of the self highlighting those conceptions focused on the narrative self. We start describing some conceptions appeared in modern and contemporary philosophy that offer different phenomenological accounts of the self and finish the study reviewing some attempts of explaining the self that come from cognitive approaches.


Reducing the first initial flush of stormwater runoff can lessen the amount of pollution that reaches our local water bodies. Rain barrels help accomplish this goal because they store water, mimicking our natural ecosystems. A study by scientists at the University of Utah1 found that if every house in a typical neighborhood in Salt Lake City installed one 50 gallon rain barrel, the stormwater runoff could be reduced by 12%!


This project consists of identify the relationship between the pollution generated by
9
the manufacture of handmade bricks with the clinical manifestations associated with dry eye syndrome. This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out by means of a survey carried out on population of Patio bonito, located in the city of Nemocon. It was made to people who are between 18 and 60 years old and who lived in the neighborhood of Patio Bonito and who have lived in this town for more than a year, the selection also excludes people with severe disabilities who are unable to answer the survey or those who refused to participate in the investigation. It was found that the redness of the eyes is the most frequent symptom and the less frequent inflammation at the edge of the eyelids; there is a directly proportional relationship between the symptoms of dry eye and the variables: Time living in the town, if you have worked in brick kiln and the short distance between the home they live in and a brick oven. The ocular disease and specifically the symptoms of dry eye syndrome of the population of this town is growing, it is completely associated with the existing contamination, especially that produced by brick making in artisanal ovens, and is strongly linked to a social problem that for now will not be solved. Future studies or extensions of the present could evaluate the way of contributing with the prevention of the syndrome so that the population is not affected (As for its economic source) and the environment.


suring the length of the cochlear spiral. It was calcu lated by entering the point of union of the pillar cells in each section sequentially. 2 . T h e shortest distance between the internal carot id ar tery ( ICA) and the facial nerve (geniculate ganglion, GG) was calculated by plotting the two nearest points on images that included the I C A and G G . 3 . T o obtain the angle between the utr icular m a c u l a (UM) and saccular m a c u l a (SM), w e first defined the plane representing each m a c u l a by entering three points on the macula into the computer . F o r the SM, a plane for its midportion was assumed, because it curves significantly. This measurement was m a d e in four temporal bones. 4 . The anatomic relation of the UM to the lateral semi circular canal ( L S C ) also was evaluated three-dimensionally.


An 'open-lung' ventilation strategy that includes low tidal volumes, recruitment manoeuvres and high levels of PEEP does not reduce hospital mortality in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome Level of evidence: 1+ (RCT with a low risk of bias)


Integration of centralized wind farms may induce cascading tripping incidents, which brings about critical challenges to secure operation of power grid. One of the major risks is the lack of coordinated voltage/reactive power control for multiple wind farms. Therefore, a robust master-slave two-level coordinated static voltage security region (VSR) is proposed in this paper, along with detailed modeling of the network topology and wind farms to achieve coordination among wind farms. The slave VSR on the wind-farm-side is designed to guarantee the operation of each wind unit within a secure range in order to protect wind units from serious over-voltage and low-voltage problems, whereas the master system-wide VSR aims to coordinate centralized wind farms to ensure security both under normal operating conditions and N - 1 contingency conditions. Furthermore, a hierarchically iterative coordination method is introduced to compute the voltage security range of each wind farm through the iteration process. A modified six-bus system with two wind farms, a real system from Northern China, and a large system with 972 wind units are studied, and results verify the effectiveness of the proposed two-level VSR and the hierarchically iterative coordination method.


The cobalt-containing MCM-41 can be used as the catalyst for the liquid-phase epoxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen.The correlations between its structures,especially the states of Co in it,and its catalytic performance were studied.It may be helpful to make clear the nature of active sites for the epoxidation.(Co-MCM-41) samples synthesized by a template-ion exchange(TIE) method, a direct hydrothermal(DHT) method and a conventional impregnation method have been characterized in detail.The X-ray diffraction and(N_2-adsorption) results indicate that the hexagonal array of mesopores in these samples is sustained as the cobalt contents are lower than 2.2%.The results of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy and H_2 temperature-programmed-reduction suggest that the cobalt introduced into Co-MCM-41 by the TIE method exists mainly as single-site(Co(Ⅱ)) ions,whereas the cobalt in the sample synthesized by the DHT method exists mainly as Co_2SiO_4 in a microcrystalline form and the samples prepared by the impregnation method contain a large proportion of cobalt oxide.With a similar cobalt content(ca 1.0%),the sample prepared by the TIE method gave a conversion of 45% in the epoxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen,however,the sample prepared by the DHT method or impregnation method gave a conversion lower than 30%.Since cobalt oxide and Co_2SiO_4 show a lower activity for the epoxidation reaction and there may also exist a small part of single-site Co(Ⅱ) ions in the samples prepared by the DHT method or impregnation method,we thus suggest that the single-site Co(Ⅱ) ions in MCM-41 are the real active sites for the epoxidation with molecular oxygen.


Compensation grouting is increasingly employed as a mitigation technique of settlements induced by tunnelling and its effectiveness both in clayey and sandy soils is reported in a wide number of case histories. However, the results are highly dependent on grout properties, injection characteristics and soil properties. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the parameters that control grout injections in silty soils. The results from one injection test in a large sample of silty soil show that the compensation efficiency, defined as the ratio of the volume of heave obtained at ground surface and the injected grout volume, is much lower than one and tends to decrease with time, while the initial volume of grout lost due to pressure filtration is small. Finally, results from finite elements back analyses of the laboratory test show that a good agreement with the experimental data can be obtained if the development of large strains is taken into account. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.


ABSTRACT The high Andean Polylepis woodlands are home to a unique biota, including an outstanding avifauna. They are one of the most threatened mountain ecosystems worldwide; accordingly, they have been the object of the first restoration initiatives in South America. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of 20-year Polylepis australis woodland restoration efforts to recover the woodland bird communities. We recorded bird diversity and abundance in an ongoing restoration site (with a high proportion of woodland) and in a control site, where no active restoration efforts were made (with a high proportion of grasslands and bare soil), 15 and 20 years after the start of the restoration project. We compared the avifauna of these sites with that of reference mature woodlands, using published records of the study region. At the ongoing restoration site, bird diversity increased over time, as well as abundances of species associated with P. australis, whereas those parameters remained stable at the control site. Our results are the first evidence that active restoration of P. australis entails passive restoration of the avifauna occurring in these unique upland forests.


Importance for acquiring geographic map data and updating existing data is increasing. The automation of road extraction from aerial imagery has received attention. In the past, many approaches have been considered, however the existing automatic road extraction methods still need too much post editing. In this paper, we propose the method of automatic road extraction from high resolution color aerial images based on the information, such as a position and the direction of road intersection. As road shape recognition, we use an active contour model which is a kind of deformable shape model. The active contour model with a width parameter(called Ribbon Snakes) is useful as a technique to extract the road form, however the method has a problem how to generate a initial contour. We generate a initial contour using result of a road tracking. A road tracking is performed using the information, such as a position and the direction of road intersection. To detect road intersections, we use the template matching like cross form. We report experiments using high resolution (0.5m per pixel) color aerial imagery of residential area in suburb.


Performance modeling and optimization for on-chip interconnects in resistive RAM (ReRAM) arrays are presented for two memory design technologies of 1T1R and cross-bar arrays. Different memristor characteristics, cell structures and subarray design schemes are investigated to minimize the overall delay and energy-delay product.


Abstract Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was used for the determination of metal concentrations of sediments sampled at specific locations of the Kubanni River in Nigeria. The sedimentation process was assessed by examining the variation of the concentrations of the metals in different cores with sediment depths. Fifteen metals: arsenic (As), cerium (Ce), europium (Eu), iron (Fe), gadolinium (Gd), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), potassium (K), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), thorium (Th), uranium (U), and ytterbium (Yb) were detected from the sediments in substantial concentrations; higher than the parts per million (μg g‐1) value in some cases. Our results showed contamination of the surface sediments by U and Th, suggesting contributions from phosphate fertilizers used in farmlands around the basin as potential sources of these pollutants. Aeolian depositions emanating from the uranium‐rich region of Air (Niger) in the Saharan desert were considered to be other possibilities.


Abstract Turbine engines are highly complex mechanical systems that are becoming increasingly dependent on control technol-ogies to achieve system performance and safety metrics. However, the contribution of controls measurable to these system objectives is difficult to quantify due to lack ofa tools capable of informing the decision makers. This shortcoming hinders technology insertion in the engine design process. NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) platform and analysis tool set will serve that as a focal point for new control technologies, especially those related to the hardware development and integration of b- distriuted engine control. The HIL platform is intended to enable rapid and detailed evaluation of new engine control applica-tions, from conceptual design through hardware development, in order to quantify their impact on engine systems. This paper discusses the complex interactions of the control system, within the context of the larger engine system, and how new control technologies are changing that paradigm. The conceptual design of the new HIL platform is then described as a primary tool to address those interactions and how it will help feed the insertion of new technologies into future engine systems. better


Non uniform motion can be produced by using a servo motor to drive a middle transmission system. For a non uniform motion production in high speed and heavy load cases, a mechatronics , two degree of freedom mechanism is introduced in this paper. This mechanism is of two driving sources.The device not only has advantageous of constant speed motor for energy storing and releasing, but also has programmable ability of servo motor driving device and is optimally designed. Main power and torque are provided by constant speed motor and servo motor only modules output motion, that is, when servo motor motion is slightly changed, the output motion of this device will be changed so that various non uniform motions can be produced. A comparison of servo motor drive device, direct servo motor drive and the mechatronics device is carried out. The results indicate that only the mechatronics device can save both torque and power acted on servo motor which provides a good drive source for high speed and heavy load case.


Recently there has been increasing attention to character recognition/graphical user interfaces under the name of "gesture input". This technique actually has a long history: "sketch recognition" interfaces of 15 or more years ago were highly praised [Applicon 73], and user interfaces using handwriting input before the wide use of text keyboards were one of the first research goals in computer science [Bledsoe 59]. The underlying character and symbol recognition technologies have been a major research area in their own right since the early 1950s [Suen 80].
The last two years have seen an upsurge in the number of developments in this area, both from commercial companies attempting to exploit new character and symbol recognition technologies, [CIC 85] [Pencept 84] [Cooper 82] and from researchers starting from fundamental questions in user interactions [Buxton 86] [Wolf 86]. However, one question still remains: "Why has this set of techniques had so little impact on user interface design practice, despite its long history and promise?" This panel discussion should give many answers to this question.
Panelists include the leading commercial developers of handwriting input products, well-known researchers in the psychological aspects of graphical user interactions, and representatives of the research community for character recognition.
The issue of supporting this type of interface is very timely: recent standardization efforts such as PHIGS and GKS for graphics interactions are known to have the unfortunate side effects of excluding some of the current user interface designs using this class of technology [10].


To study effect of allergic conjunctivitis on central corneal thickness and intra ocular pressure. This was a case control study which included 35 eyes of 20 patients with allergic conjunctivitis compared with 35 eyes of 35 patients of age and sex matched controls. Participants were subjected to complete ophthalmic examination including central corneal thickness(CCT) and intra ocular pressure(IOP) which were measured using ultrasound pachymeter and goldmann's applanation tonometer respectively.Comparision of the data between the two groups was done using t test. The mean age in the study group was 25.23±9.2 years with 60% of the study group constituting male patients indicating male preponderance. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in both groups was 6/24 or better which did not show any statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Mean CCT in the study group was 521.77±5.9µm whereas in the control group was 542.62 ± 5.42 µm which showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (t = 15.396, p < 0.0001). The mean IOP in the study group was 17.08 ± 1.8 mm of hg and the in the control group was found to be 11.79 ± 1.79 mm of hg which did not show any statistically significant difference(p>0.05). Central corneal thickness was significantly reduced in the allergic conjunctivitis patients compared to controls and IOP did not show any statistically significant difference.


Network becomes important tool for students learning ideological and political subjects, network information amount is big, cover scope is broad that let students and teachers can easily find out needed information. The paper aims to look for comprehensivewebsite, political andmilitarywebsite, network forum, and relative blog these four kinds of network pathsÂ' ideological and political information access best path.Use analytic hierarchy process;make research on information contents authenticity, formnovelty and diversity, evaluable and discussable properties, information share feature these four aspects. Research result shows that political andmilitary website is the bestwebsite to access to ideological and political information.


"Those who vote determine nothing; those who count the votes determine everything." — Joseph Stalin Fair elections are the foundation of democracy. The integrity of an election depends heavily on the voting technologies used. In human history, several voting technologies have been used in various elections, including stones, colored balls or beans, paper ballots, mechanical lever machines, punched cards, optical scanners, and most recently, computers. Computer voting is ABSTRACT


The two principal quantities are important for assessing the
quality of each imaging system. Firstly, it is the detective
quantum efficiency (DQE), which is primarily a measure of image
noise. As the DQE is determined by signal to noise ratio (SNR),
the efficient and noise-free components are the key to the high
DQE. Second, not less important indicator of image quality is
also the modulation transfer function (MTF). MTF describes the
ability of adjacent pixels to change from black to white in
response to patterns of varying spatial frequency, and hence it
determines the actual capability to show fine detail, whether
with full or reduced contrast. Using a scanning imaging system
the fast components are the key to the good MTF. In a
scintillation electron detector of scanning electron microscope
(SEM) the scintillator is the most crucial component, because
it significantly influences both the DQE and MTF. The aim of
this study is to assess the scintillation materials suitable
for SEM detectors characterized by the both high efficiency and
fast decay characteristic.


6577 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can prolong survival for various cancers and are generally available as treatment options for most patients because of their favorable adverse effect profile. Although ICIs provide treatment for many patients who would otherwise be out of options, their variable and often delayed efficacy may postpone the de-escalation of care at the end of life. Palliative Care consultation (PCC) is well-established among patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, but its effectiveness is less certain among patients receiving newer treatment modalities. We aimed to test the association of PCC with end-of-life (EOL) outcomes among patients treated with an ICI for any type of cancer. Methods: We created a retrospective registry of all patients who received at least one dose of ICI for any indication between 2/1/2011 and 4/7/2022 at a comprehensive cancer center and its outreach clinics. The investigators created a secure, cloud-based registry (REDCap), validated it with data quality rules, and resolved all discrepancies; clinical research specialists at Vasta Global captured most of the data. We used the chi-square test to compare categorical variables, defined statistical significance as p < 0.05, and used SAS version 9.4 for analyses. The study had institutional IRB approval. Results: The cohort consisted of 3,142 patients with lung cancer (45%) as the most common cancer type, followed by melanoma (14%) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (9%). ICI was most often given in the first line setting (46%) with good baseline performance status (ECOG 0-1, 50%). 915 (29%) patients had PCC, which was associated with a higher rate of code status de-escalation from "Full Code" at any point before death (92% vs. 87%, p 0.007). There was no association between PCC and either the initiation of ICI within 30 days of death (7% vs. 5%, p .0172) or any dose of ICI within 14 days of death (5% vs. 6%, p 0.33). Among patients with a confirmed location of death (1013, 32%), PCC was associated with a similar rate of death in the hospital at any level of care (30% vs. 28%, p 0.51). Conclusions: PCC was associated with code status de-escalation before death but similar risks of late ICI dosing or inpatient status at the time of death. Further studies are needed to risk-stratify patients starting ICI to identify the subgroups that would benefit the most from PCC.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a resource notification method, equipment and system. The method comprises the steps that a local common service entity CSE receives first indication information transmitted by the application entity AE of an application node, and the first indication information includes remote CSE identification required to be notified and an address of original resources; and the local CSE searches the searching tag attribute of the original resources according to the address of the original resources in the first indication information and responds to the first indication information according to the state of the searching tag attribute.


The advent of the industrial revolution and intensified agricultural practices have posed irreversible impairment in the soil by accumulating various xenobiotic compounds. Soil, being a core constituent of Earth, not only supports plant growth but also acts as a water filter, buffering pollutants and conserving myriad microorganisms. Untreated industrial effluents, dumping of plastics, and overuse of pesticides are some of the major contaminants enrooted for soil pollution causing severe threats to living beings and the biosphere. Bioremediation using microbes has been recommended as a safe and viable method for the soil fertility restoration due to their adaptive nature modulated by the environment. Among the microbes, Bacillus sp is considered as an effective bioremediating agent as they are the warehouse of copious enzymes, eco-friendly products, and plant growth-promoting metabolites that play a key role in agriculture, textile, food, leather, and beverage industries and thereby ensure soil sustainability.


We propose a visible light road-to-vehicle communication system at intersection as one of ITS technique. In this system, the communication between vehicle and a LED traffic light is approached using LED traffic light as a transmitter, and on-vehicle high-speed camera as a receiver. The LEDs in the transmitter are emitted in 500Hz and those emitting LEDs are captured by a high-speed camera for making communication. Here, the luminance value of each LED in the transmitter should be found for consecutive frames to achieve effective communication. For this purpose, first the transmitter should be identified, then it should be tracked for consecutive frames while the vehicle is moving, by processing the images from the high-speed camera. In our previous work, the transmitter was identified by getting the subtraction of two consecutive frames. In this paper, we mainly introduce an algorithm to track the identified transmitter in consecutive frames. Experimental results using appropriate images showed the effectiveness of the proposal.


. General Anaesthesia in intra-ocular surgery IS not as widely used as it should be, although ~here . has been a trend towards this method In recent years (Goldsmith 1961 ; Sandiford 1957), Before advances in modern anaesthesia there was always the possibility of sudden movement, coughing, straining, or squeezing of ~he eyelids at an inopportune moment. Raised Intra-ocular pressure with vitreous loss, intra0_cular bleeding or congestion of the operative field were all potential dangers likely to be aggravated by post-operative vomiting or restlessness. In addition many patients are elderly and in poor general condition, so that reluc~ance to use general anaesthesia, particularly 1 ~ inexpertly administered, is easily appreci_ated. However, local analgesia provides technical difficulties, is unreliable in some cases (Sandiford 1957) and can be a great ordeal for many patients,particularly the very young, the unco-operative and the apprehensive. In such cases the surgeon can never be sure, at any particular time, that the patient will not suddenly cough or move -despite prior medication. This anxiety can be most distracting to a surgeon intent on some intricate work. Local analgesia can be combined with basal narcosis, using chlorpromazine and pethidine, rentobarbitone ('Nembutal') or similar drugs Ives 1959; Ingram and Davison 1961). In the ~Uthor's experience heavy sedation is sometimes unreliable, may result in dangerous and ~~olonged depression of respiratory and car10-vascular systems and is more difficult to c~ntrol than an inhalational anaesthetic in an e derly patient. . Closely related problems are encountered ;n Neuro-surgery (Ballantine and Jackson 960). Anaesthesia must be smooth, without coughing, straining or undue movement, otherwise there will be a rise in intra-cranial tension, troublesome bleeding and other difficulties which have been widely studied recently. It seemed reasonable, therefore, to adopt comparable techniques for cataract extraction and other intra-ocular operations. The object of this paper is to describe a simple technique of general anaesthesia with halothane that has been used for intra-ocular cases in this hospital over the past two and a half years. This series of 131 cases has included many elderly patients, diabetics and others with marked disabilities of the respiratory and cardio-vascular systems. General anaesthesia has now superseded local as the method of choice in all cases, because patients and the surgeon prefer it. Nursing staff fi!}d postoperative management easier without the necessity for prolonged supervision, or the anxiety for the occasional profound depression which used to follow former techniques of heavy sedation and local analgesia.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a member having high resistances to halogen-based corrosive gases or plasmas thereof and suitable for a large-sized part by forming a corrosive film comprising a rare earth oxide in a specific proportion or above and constituting a site exposed to the halogen-based corrosive gases or plasmas thereof on a support having a coefficient of thermal expansion within a specific range and a specified value or below of dielectric loss. SOLUTION: The coefficient of thermal expansion of a support is 7×10-6 to 12×10-6 and the dielectric loss thereof is ≤5×10-3. The content of a rare earth oxide in a corrosion-resistant film is ≥50 wt.%. Y2O3, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and like are cited as the rare earth oxide and Y2O3 is preferred. When two or more components of oxides are contained, a compound oxide such as Y2O3-Al2O3 is preferably roentgenologically formed. The corrosion-resistant film is formed by a thermal spraying or a sputtering method. The support is preferably alumina, zirconia or the like. Thereby, cracking or peeling of a film due to a large difference in thermal expansion or a large dielectric loss is scarcely caused even when a large-sized part is provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2001,JPO


Growth rates of cultured first-year bonefish Albula sp. averaged 0.32 mm day -1 . Maximum theoretical growth (± 95% CI) was 278 (± 11.2) mm L S (sexes combined), confirming that Albula sp. from the Gulf of California grow less than other species in the vulpes' complex.


We have reproduced the observed radial truncation of the H I distribution in isolated spiral galaxies with a model in which extragalactic radiation photoionizes the gaseous disk. For a galactic mass distribution model that reproduces the observed rotation curves, including dark matter in the disk and halo, the vertical structure of the gas is determined self-consistently. The ionization structure and column densities of H and He ions are computed by solving the radiation transfer equation for both continuum and lines. Our model is similar to that of Maloney, and the H I structure differs by less than 10%. The radial structure of the column density of H I is found to be more sensitive to the extragalactic radiation field than to the distribution of mass. For this reason, considerable progress can be made in determining the extragalactic flux of ionizing photons, phi(sub ex), with more 21 cm observations of isolated galaxies. However, owing to the uncertainty of the radial distribution of total hydrogen at large radii, inferring the extragalactic flux by comparing the observed edges to photoionization models is somewhat subjective. We find 1 x 10(exp 4)/sq cm/s is less than or approximately phi(sub ex) is less than or approximately 5 x 10(exp 4)/sq cm/s, corresponding to 2.1 is less than or approximately iota(sub 0) is less than or approximately 10.5 x 10(exp -23) ergs/sq cm/s/Hz/sr for a 1/nu spectrum. Although somewhat higher, our inferred range of iota(sub 0) is consistent with the large range of values obtained by Kulkarni & Fall from the 'proximity effect' toward Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) at approximately 0.5.


The authors used X-ray microanalysis to investigate ion compartmentation (Na~+, Cl~-and K~+) in leaf cells of a salt_tolerant species, Populus euphratica and a salt_sensitive species, P. tomentosa(treated by salt for 20 days). Regenerated plants were used in this experiment and following types of leaf cells were examined: 1) leaf vein cells—including xylem vessels in the bundle, parenchyma cells in the bundle and around the bundle; 2) mesophyll cells—including palisade and spongy mesophyll cells; 3) epidermal cells—including adaxial and abaxial epidermis. Results showed that there was genotypic difference in subcellular ion compartmentation under salt stress. Compared with P. tomentosa, P. euphratica exhibited a greater ability to exclude Na~+ to the apoplast, furthermore, P. euphratica had a higher capacity to compartmentize Na~+ into vacuoles. Control plants of P. euphratica retained higher levels of Cl~-in all cell compartments (chloroplast, cell wall and vacuole), as compared to the control of P. tomentosa plants. However, stressed P. euphratica remained lower levels of Cl~-than salinised P. tomentosa in all types of leaf cells, this was the result of root-to-shoot salt transport restriction in P. euphratica under saline conditions. With regard to K~+, salinity reduced K~+ level in chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall of all types of leaf cells in P. euphratica with a few exceptions. Unlikely, K~+ levels in the apoplast of P. tomentosa were lowered by salinity, but in vacuole, K~+ increased in response to salt stress. This was presumably resulted from the redistribution of K~+ in cell compartments: K~+ fluxed from the cell wall into the vacuole, which was favorable to balance the negative charges caused by vacuolar Cl~-compartmentation.


The distribution and movement of water can influence the state and dynamics of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through a diversity of mechanisms. These mechanisms can be organized into three general categories wherein water acts as (1) a resource or habitat for biota, (2) a vector for connectivity and exchange of energy, materials, and organisms, and (3) as an agent of geomorphic change and disturbance. These latter two roles are highlighted in current models, which emphasize hydrologic connectivity and geomorphic change as determinants of the spatial and temporal distributions of species and processes in river systems. Water availability, on the other hand, has received less attention as a driver of ecological pattern, despite the prevalence of intermittent streams, and strong potential for environmental change to alter the spatial extent of drying in many regions. Here we summarize long-term research from a Sonoran Desert watershed to illustrate how spatial patterns of ecosystem structure and functioning reflect shifts in the relative importance of different 'roles of water' across scales of drainage size. These roles are distributed and interact hierarchically in the landscape, and for the bulk of the drainage network it is the duration of water availability that represents the primary determinant of ecological processes. Only for the largest catchments, with the most permanent flow regimes, do flood-associated disturbances and hydrologic exchange emerge as important drivers of local dynamics. While desert basins represent an extreme case, the diversity of mechanisms by which the availability and flow of water influence ecosystem structure and functioning are general. Predicting how river ecosystems may respond to future environmental pressures will require clear understanding of how changes in the spatial extent and relative overlap of these different roles of water shape ecological patterns.


UNITARY MICROWAVE ANTENNA MODULE FOR RECEIVING OR EMITTING A RECTILIZED POLARIZED WAVE, COMPRISING CORNETIC SHAPED ELEMENTS AND A WAVEGUIDE POWERING NETWORK CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE CORNETS ARE IN NUMBER OF FOUR AND THEIR SQUARE OPENINGS FORM IN A PLAN PARALLEL TO A REFERENCE PLAN P A TWO-DIMENSIONAL NETWORK, IN THAT THE POWER SUPPLY NETWORK IS OF THE PLANAR TYPE BEING DISTRIBUTED IN A SINGLE PARALLEL PLAN AP, AND OF THE TYPE ARBORIZED "BECAUSE ALL CORNETS ARE POWERED IN PHASE BY T-SHAPED POWER DIVIDERS, AND IN THAT THE SECTION OF THE WAVEGUIDES ARE DIMENSIONS A AND B DEFINED BY AB AND AT L2, DIMENSION B IS PLACED PARALLELING AP IN THE POWER SUPPLY NETWORK SO THAT IT IS FIT


Irradiations of C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl/NO/sub x/, C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl/C/sub 2/H/sub 6//NO/sub x/, and C/sub 2/H/sub 6//NO/sub x/ mixtures were conducted in a 22.7-m/sup 3/ Teflon smog chamber, operated in a static mode. The irradiated mixtures were tested for mutagenic activity by periodically exposing Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 to the smog chamber effluent during the irradiation. The allyl chloride photooxidation products' total mutagenic activity was found to be dramatically dependent on the presence of Cl atom reaction products. In the absence of C/sub 2/H/sub 6/, which is used as a Cl atom scavenger, the observed mutagenic activity of the irradiated C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl/NO/sub x/ mixture at long extent of reaction was 13 revertants-plate/sup -1/-h/sup -1/-(ppb C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl consumed)/sup -1/. However, when sufficient C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ was present to remove all Cl atoms, the observed mutagenic activity for C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl photooxidation products was 1.4 revertants-plate/sup -1/-h/sup -1/-(ppb C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl consume)/sup -1/. Under conditions of excess C/sub 2/H/sub 6/, the mixture is approximately 30 times more mutagenic than that previously observed for the mutagenic activity of the photooxidation products of propylene, the nonchlorinated analogue of allyl chloride. The observed mutagenic activity in the presence of excess C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ ismore » consistent with the total response caused by chloroacetaldehyde, a primary C/sub 3/H/sub 5/Cl photooxidation product.« less


This study aimed to investigate (1) How student performance in vocabulary mastery (2) How student performance in reading comprehension (3) Is there any correlation between student's vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension. This research used a descriptive research method. The researcher focused on the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension at XI grade MAN Selayar. The number of sample was 24 students and used random sampling technique. The researcher used test as instrument. In addition, the data collection techniques used a questionnaire. The researcher finding was found that the vocabulary mastery of the XI grade of MAN Selayar was categorized into poor. It was indicated by the mean score (82.20) and the students reading comprehension was categorized fair. It was indicated by the mean score (84.64). Meanwhile, the results of the correlation were found with the results of 0.914. From these results it has been concluded that the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading very strong. Because based on the product moment the correlation value calculation formula is 0.914, and that has included very strong value.


Ballistic qualities of the material are important for the military defence barrier application for protection of military persons, their vehicles and equipment. In the present investigation ballistic performance of Kevlar29 fibre reinforced polyester composite (KPC) is analysed. A definite parametric study, taking into account various shape of projectiles (Flat-F, Spherical-S and Conical-C) impact on the composite target of different thicknesses (12, 16 and 20 mm). Impact velocity of the projectile considered for analysis 100-400 m / s. Ballistic parameters such as residual velocity, deformation and penetration behaviour are predicted. Conical projectile has more effect on the composite target compared to other projectiles. Composite thickness influenced the energy absorption. The thickness increase from 12 mm to 20 mm which leads to increase in energy absorption by almost 20%.


A close reading and analysis of the story reveals the fact that the unnamed lonely prospector in the Yukon is well-equipped for reaching his destination safely: although the weather is extremely cold in this quite northern part of the world and the land is full of dangers, the man has necessary clothing, food and equipment in addition to a wolfdog as a company to protect himself from the harsh conditions of the outer world. Moreover, he is bodily fit and personally skilled to make necessary arrangements and take immediate actions to ensure his safety and survival under such difficult conditions.


The hydrogen‐bonded OH bands of phenol are studied in ternary systems, each of which is composed of phenol, a proton acceptor, and a solvent. The acceptors used are ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and hexamethylene tetramine. It is confirmed that the frequency, shape, and molecular extinction coefficient of the band are not changed by the concentration of the acceptor, as far as the latter is smaller than ca 2 mole/liter. The spectra are slightly modified by further increase of the concentration of the acceptor. These modifications are in all cases far smaller than the modification due to the hydrogen bonding, and the peak intensities remain nearly constant. The equilibrium constants for the formation of the hydrogen bond are determined for all acceptors and the heat of formation is determined for the case of hexamethylene tetramine. It is found that the decrease of frequencies of the hydrogen‐bonded OH bands is not strictly parallel to the increase of equilibrium constants.


We have examined the effects of 0.1 mM baclofen and pertussis toxin treatment on gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor binding in whole cells and in membrane of cells from cerebellar primary culture. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor ligand, caused a marked decrease in the bicuculline sensitive (GABAA) binding of [3H]muscimol on the whole cells, but failed to inhibit specific [3H]muscimol binding to cells pretreated with pertussis toxin. The effect of baclofen was only seen in whole cells and not in cell membranes. These findings suggest that activation of GABAB receptor reduces GABAA binding sites through a GTP binding protein.


We have developed an integrated approach for investigating the «bioactive conformations» of the main chain and side chains for the somatostatin analog c[Pro 6 Phe 7 -D-Trp 8 -Lys 9 -Thr 10 -Phe 11 ]. A series of analogs have been synthesized incorporating α-methylated and β-methylated residues at positions 7, 8, and 11. These analogs display dramatic differences in in vitro binding affinities for somatostatin receptors


The study is conducted to find out the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth of Pakistan. Time series data is utilized which is comprises from 1981 to 2010, collected from the world data bank. Multiple regression technique is used in which gdp is dependent variable while foreign direct investment (FDI) and  consumer price index (CPI) are independent variables. The result indicates that there is a positive relationship between the FDI and GDP and have a negative relationship with CPI. When FDI increase the GDP of Pakistan will positively affected by FDI.


problems. Made of clay, paper, or wood, they were utopian proposals for the very idea of building: conceptual models for construction itself. As pedagogical tools and as objects, they also engaged post-Revolutionary Soviet artistic practice, invoking works by such major players as Liubov Popova, Aleksandr Rodchenko, and Vladimir Tatlin—all of whom also taught at VKhUTEMAS. A welcome building block for future scholarship on VKhUTEMAS, Avant-Garde as Method is gloriously laid out on some black pages and some white, with red accents to mark its Soviet pedigree, and contains four chapters, arranged more thematically than chronologically ("The School: Institutionalizing the Avant-Garde," "Laboratory: Architecture as Science," "Pedagogy: Teaching as Experiment," and "Praxis: Inventing a Universal Future"). Even for those already familiar with the school's history the text can be difficult to follow, owing only partly to some baroque design choices. Citations for the competing numerical systems employed for the book's illustrations (labeled variously as "fig.," "ref.," and "coda") appear throughout in superscript, like footnote references, as do citations for various diagrams included in an appendix; transliterations and translations (including that of VKhUTEMAS itself on pages 22 and 40) are inconsistent and unreliable. All this prompts an experience as dizzying as it is dazzling. But if the book's strongest arguments are often visual—made by the sheer plethora, size, pictorial quality, and exquisite rarity of the photographic evidence—this is perhaps appropriate; what was ultimately produced at VKhUTEMAS may have been less a set of model objects, no longer extant, and more a scattered archive of extraordinary visual representations and a revolutionary model for the pedagogy of modern architecture.


Graded doses of propylthiouracil (PTU), administered to rats 30 minutes prior to tracer doses of I131 and 270 minutes prior to sacrifice, resulted in progressive reductions in total I131 uptake, I131 organic-uptake, and alterations in the relative proportions of the radioiodinated amino acids. Progressive blockade was associated with an increasing proportion of MIT, and a decreasing proportion of DIT and total thyronines. Comparable reductions in thyroidal I131 organic-uptake induced by perchlorate were not attended by alterations in relative composition of the radioiodinated amino acids. Administration of PTU to rats previously treated with TSH resulted in alterations in radioiodinated amino acid composition similar to those observed with PTU alone, despite a normal I131 organic-uptake. The effects of PTU cannot therefore be ascribed to the reduction in the flux of iodine into organic moieties. Triiodothyronine was detected in less than half of the glands from treatment-free controls and in none of the g...


With the influence of waste leachate seeping, the concentration of organic substances in landfill soil was higher than that in unpolluted soil. This study indicated that the organic substances of waste leachate could active iron and manganese, enhanced the concentration of available form of iron and manganese, and amplified them the removal ability in soil. It was therefore the reason that caused the iron and manganese pollution in groundwater of landfill site.


The control over the way a genre is structured is meant to achieve the social function of the text, i.e., the purpose for which the text is written. A good generic structure provides the audience with logical cues so that they can easily follow the flow of ideas presented in the text. This study aims to analyse the generic structure of the mostly viewed explanation genre in TED Talk, a public speaking program which has been widely known for its audience engagement. Being largely descriptive, this study applies genre theory as it is discussed in Systemic-Functional Linguistics. Data were collected from TED YouTube channel and were analysed through the identification of how information was organised, leading to the generic structure of the talks. This study finds three occurrences of explanation genre in the top five TED Talks. It is also found that the compulsory and optional stages in the genre appear to support to the appeal of the talks.


involved mathematical proofs and conceptions, and the substitution of a more descriptive, qualitative method of treatment for the earlier, quantitative method. How far this process should be carried, and at what point a proper balance obtains between descriptive and quantitative methods, is still unsettled. In the solution of this question, the first inquiry to be made is the extent to which the present teaching accomplishes its purpose in securing a thorough grasp of the underlying principles of the subject. This paper will attempt to give a solution to this problem as far as the subject of mechanics is concerned, a subject in which of necessity, if it is to be taught at all, the quantitative or simple numerical


Nowadays, economy has become more unpredictable and business competition has been more fierce thus by making it harder for a company to survive, and requiring more active and progressive business judgments. A society which doesn``t risk to manage an active business plans will not only fail to make a progress but also not even be able to make a status quo and consequently, regress. Nevertheless, in South Korea, failed business judgments are subject to both civil indemnification and criminal penalties. On the other hand, there also is a risk of a manger -a manger who takes care of an asset of a corporate which separate ownership and managementintentionally managing carelessly thus by endangering the company's asset, and in this case, criminal penalties on the breach of trust effectively controls such risk. So control on business judgment has both sides, and in order to rationally control such business judgment, legal principles sufficing such peculiarity of such business judgment are required: Business Judgment Rule. Business judgment rule functions as a safe harbor only if it limits primary subject of examination into procedural, subjective requirements like it does in U.S. or Germany. For last 10 years, the details of procedural, subjective requirements has been set through several civil and criminal cases in South Korea, and has been used as a standard for judging business judgment. However, it has not yet succeeded to function as a safe harbor. Furthermore, in the cases of which responsibility of business judgment is being a problem, from the beginning of examination, all components which finally result in such business judgment is being subject to examination, as well as the results after the business judgment is being subject to examination, thus by leaving a possibility of a biased judgment. This shows that, in order for the business judgment rule to function as a safe harbor, we cannot no longer rely on the interpretation of cases, but should legalized such legal principle.


As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), all healthcare providers were required to adopt and show meaningful use of an electronic medical health record (EMR). To avoid a penalty, integration had to occur before January 1, 2014. Many hospitals and older physicians struggled with this. This digital change was new to not only physicians but also the business leaders that ran those businesses.


Customer-engineered block copolymers can self-assemble under appropriate conditions in block-selective solvents into vesicles. Such vesicles have been of enormous academic interest over the past decade for their potential applications in enzyme encapsulation as well as in controlled release of drugs, fragrance, fertilizer, etc. A drawback with the self-assembled vesicles is that the solvent external to and in the internal cavity of a vesicle is essentially the same. This makes loading of reagents into the vesicle cavities difficult. Reported in this paper is a methodology for the one-pot synthesis of water-dispersible oil-filled ABC triblock copolymer vesicles or nanocapsules. Such a methodology achieves reagent (oil) filling and vesicle preparation simultaneously and should help commercial acceptance of block copolymer vesicles.


Biorefining is a key technology for the sustainable production of chemicals, fuels and energy from abundant lignocellulosic resources. Within the concept, production of micro- and nanoscaled lignin particles recently gained increasing interest due to their excellent properties and potential application in high-value products. Fabricated via direct precipitation of Organosolv extracts, Nanolignin suspensions need to be increased in concentration and cleaned from impurities. Additionally, solvent background needs to be exchanged from hydroalcoholic solution to pure water for most applications. This work focuses on the application of ultrafiltration in diafiltration mode for this separation task. Experimental operation on lab-scale apparatuses demonstrate the reduction of Ethanol and impurities like sugars, dissolved lignin and sugar degradation products accessed by TOC analysis. Most important, the size of Nanolignin particles is not changed during 9 h of operation. Nevertheless, significant performance degradation due to compaction of polymeric membrane material as well as fouling resulting from deposited lignin particles has been monitored. Consequently, a rigorous optimisation of operating pressure and the development of an adequate membrane regeneration procedure is mandatory.


The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment carries a three-channel scanning radiometer and a set of nadir-looking wide and medium field-of-view instruments for measuring the radiation emitted from earth and the solar radiation reflected from earth. This paper describes the algorithms which are used to compute the radiant exitances at a reference level ("top of the atmosphere") from these measurements. Methods used to analyze data from previous radiation budget experiments are reviewed, and the rationale for the present algorithms is developed. The scanner data are converted to radiances by use of spectral factors, which account for imperfect spectral response of the optics. These radiances are converted to radiant exitances at the reference level by use of directional models, which account for anisotropy of the radiation as it leaves the earth. The spectral factors and directional models are selected on the basis of the scene, which is identified on the basis of the location and the long-wave and shortwave radiances. These individual results are averaged over 2.5° × 2.5° regions. Data from the wide and medium field-of-view instruments are analyzed by use of the traditional shape factor method and also by use of a numerical filter, which permits resolution enhancement along the orbit track.


Aims The project's objectives included determining how lonely older folks were in their pre-hospital environment and how much social contact they had. To gauge older individuals' knowledge of regional programmes to combat isolation and loneliness. Letting elderly folks who could benefit from local services know that they are available. Using pre-hospital efforts to identify and treat patients who are lonely. Methods Thirty (30) patients were recruited whilst on 6 ambulance observer shifts in Berkshire, UK. The ambulance observer shifts took place between January 2023 to February 2023. The patients were asked a simple questionnaire on loneliness and social isolation. At the end of the questionnaire, all patients were offered information leaflets with local services and their contact details that they might find useful to alleviate loneliness and social isolation. Patients were also offered a follow-up telephone call to assess the impact of the intervention or if help was needed with getting in touch with the local services. Results Of the 30 patients interviewed, 15 were male and 15 were female. The youngest patient was 66-years-old and the oldest patient interviewed was 98. The average age was 80.4. Twelve (12) patients (40%) scored 7 and above on the question of 'How lonely do you feel?', with 10 being extremely lonely. Fifty percent (50%) of the patients saw their friends or families less than twice a week and 46.6% spoke to their friends and families less than twice a week. Several patients had not had a conversation with friends or family for several weeks, with one response being 'over 3-months ago'. The vast majority (80%) of patients interviewed did not know that there were charities and local services in place to alleviate loneliness and social isolation. As part of the intervention, patients were offered information leaflets about local services available. These were printed on A4 paper or emailed to the patients if they preferred a digital copy. Conclusion Loneliness and social isolation is an epidemic on the rise amongst older adults, and their effects transcend not only mental wellbeing but physical health as well. Intervening in the pre-hospital setting is pivotal because pre-hospital practitioners are in a unique position to observe and assess patients in their own environment and gather firsth and evidence about the determinants of the patient's health. The benefits will be multi-fold if we can help patients before they get admitted to hospitals. Apart from the economic benefits of reduced admissions, patients will not be unnecessarily admitted and put at risk of deconditioning or nosocomial infections. Most importantly, these interventions aim to improve the patient's overall quality of life by enhancing their social connections and reducing loneliness.


Especially tappet assembly for a high pressure pump for a fuel supply, and a high-pressure pump with the tappet assembly, the tappet assembly is provided with a hollow cylindrical tappet body (52), the tappet body (52) in to, and roller shoe (56) is inserted in the longitudinal axis (53) direction of the tappet body (52), the roller (60) is rotatably supported by the roller shoe (56) inside. Roller shoe (56) is perpendicular to the rotational axis (61) of the roller (60), on whether or without play with a slight play, be disposed in the tappet body (52), and rollers ( in the rotation axis (61) direction of 60), has a greater play than perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (61) of the roller (60) is disposed in the tappet body (52). Thus, the roller shoe (56) can take place the tilted a limited extent in the tappet body (52), whereby, rotation of the drive shaft for driving tappet assembly (50) in a reciprocating motion (12) relative to the axis (13), is realized direction adjustment of the roller (60) of the rotational axis (61), partial contact of the cam (26) or rollers for the eccentric body (60) of the drive shaft (12) is avoided.


Background/Objectives : The use of psychosocial interventions has been shown to improve the functioning of individuals with serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Such skills have been taught to mental health nurses in community settings for many years and have been well evaluated but there is a paucity of evidence for their use on acute inpatient wards. This study evaluates two teaching modules convened for qualified mental health nurses who are working in acute adult inpatient wards in several mental health units. The purpose of the modules is to teach trainees psychosocial interventions to equip them to care for patients with severe mental illness. The study's objectives are to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching on the modules and also to evaluate the trainees' success in transferring the interventions which they learned into clinical practice. Methods : A quasi experimental design was adopted to ascertain whether or not trainees' perceptions of their practice had changed 'post module' and to investigate whether trainees' patients reported differences in their nursing care after training. A questionnaire was administered to each trainee (experimental group) before and after the modules to elicit their opinion of their ability in caring for patients with severe mental health problems. Their responses 'pre module' were then compared to their responses 'post module'. The effectiveness of the modules was further evaluated by comparing the experimental group's 'post module' responses to those of a group matched for length of service and experience who had not undertaken the modules (reference group). To measure the trainees' transfer of psychosocial interventions into practice, a questionnaire was administered to the patients for whom they acted as 'named nurse' throughout their stay on the ward. Their responses were compared to patients for whom the reference group acted as 'named nurse'. The scales were tested for reliability using the Cronbach alpha test and statistical significant was assessed using both paired t -test and Wilcoxon's. Results : The study found that the modules were effective in teaching trainees psychosocial interventions, but that they found implementation difficult. Conclusions: The modules were effective in giving trainees more confidence in caring for patients on acute wards. However, ways need to be found to empower trainees to transfer the skills which they have learned in the modules into clinical practice.


From October 1977 to October 1985, our pathology department did autopsies on 19 patients (14 men, five women) treated by CAPD for four to 55 (mean 29.3) months. Their mean age was 60.2 (range 28–79) years and the primary renal diseases were diabetes mellitus (eight), nephrosclerosis (five), polycystic kidneys (three), chronic glomerulonephritis (one) and chronic renal failure associated with sarcoidosis and congestive cardiomyopathy in two. During the same period, the authors selected as controls 18 autopsied patients (14 men, four women), who had not had chronic renal failure, and these were matched with the CAPD patients for age, sex, longstanding hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes. Direct causes of death for CAPD patients were cardiovascular incidents (12) infection (5), pancreatitis (1) and lung cancer (1); in controls, the causes were cardiovascular in 11 and infection in two. Thirteen of the CAPD and 12 autopsied controls had coronary artery stenosis equal to or greater than 70%, and affecting one or more arteries. The mean weight of organs in CAPD patients and controls were similar except for kidneys and the spleen; we found the latter weighed more in those on CAPD (p = 0.002). In CAPD patients the most important organ changes were: evidence of myocardial infarction, old or acute, in nine, acquired cystic disease of the kidney in five, and thickening and adhesions of peritoneum in nine and five respectively.


This study investigates the determinants of corporate investment decisions, using a sample of listed South African firms and panel GMM estimators. The authors provide evidence that, along with firm-specific characteristics, exchange rate volatility and idiosyncratic volatility also influence firms' capital expenditures. The authors find that exchange rate volatility is inversely related with investment, even after accounting for the impact of uncertainty. Particularly for uncertainty, the authors find that only idiosyncratic volatility influences investment and their relationship is positive. This result is instructive, as it suggests that cross-country differences in the idiosyncratic risk-investment nexus can be assessed vis-a-vis the presence of mark-ups and the degree of market concentration. This study is a background note for the South Africa systematic country diagnostic.


Optical box traps for cold atoms offer new possibilities for quantum-gas experiments. Building on their exquisite spatial and temporal control, we propose to engineer system-reservoir configurations using box traps, in view of preparing and manipulating topological atomic states in optical lattices. First, we consider the injection of particles from the reservoir to the system: this scenario is shown to be particularly well suited to activate energy-selective chiral edge currents, but also, to prepare fractional Chern insulating ground states. Then, we devise a practical evaporative-cooling scheme to effectively cool down atomic gases into topological ground states. Our open-system approach to optical-lattice settings provides a new path for the investigation of ultracold quantum matter, including strongly-correlated and topological phases.


The microenvironment around a catalyst could have profound influence on catalysis. Gold clusters encapsulated within interfacially cross-linked reverse micelles catalyzed hydroamination of alkynes at room temperature instead of at 100 °C commonly required for gold nanoparticles. Different metal oxides introduced into the micelle core by sol–gel chemistry interacted with the gold clusters and modulated their catalysis, with silicon oxide being the most effective cocatalyst.


United Nations University Rector Hans van Ginkel has announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Karl Harmsen as Director of the United Nations University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNUINRA). Based in Accra, Ghana, UNU-INRA works with African universities and research institutions to generate knowledge and train people to develop, adapt, and disseminate technologies that advance food security and promote the conservation and efficient use of the continent's natural resources.


Theoretical background: Remote work has been of interest to managers since the introduction of new information and communication technologies (ICT). In the initial period, it was treated as a privilege of the employee, which few deserve. Therefore, this type of work was not very popular. The COVID-19 pandemic period changed the attitude towards remote work, it became a necessity for many organizations. However, its use gave rise to many new problems, which both employers and employees had to face. Post-pandemic reality poses new challenges for those interested in its further use. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to examine the attitude of employers to the five challenges related to remote work selected by the authors: the method of monitoring work, the level of employee support by employers, the assessment of work efficiency, work safety and data protection, and the intention to continue remote work after the pandemic. Research methods: The research was carried out using the standardized questionnaire interviews based on the CATI method. The questionnaire used in the research contained 23 closed questions of single and multiple choice, as well as 7 metric questions, allowing to identify the size, type of business, age and the structure of the company's ownership capital. The research was carried out in the period May–June 2021 on a population of 248 entrepreneurs divided into micro, small, medium and large companies. Main findings: Remote work, in particular hybrid work, is likely to become more common in enterprises after the end of the pandemic crisis. Unfortunately, the provisions of labour law do not keep pace with the dynamics of changes in the organization of work in enterprises. Remote work poses new challenges for managers who have to deal with another, probably not yet well recognized management method. Therefore, it requires managers to develop new skills, a management style in the ICT environment oriented towards the results of work, and not time and workload. New tools for measuring work efficiency need to be developed. We also have to face the problem of trust, procrastination and many other new challenges. The model of remote work means the need to develop new internal procedures in the company, because this type of work requires a different organization of duties and tasks for employees with whom there is no physical contact. The challenge will be to strike a balance between a "tight" or "loose" organizational culture, known as "tight-loose ambidexterity". It also seems that employers will have to assume a much larger range of responsibilities for this group of workers, ranging from a wide range of different training courses to financial support.


Flavin mononucleotide (FMN, 1) provides a dynamic conformational probe for studying the covalent cross-linking of dopants into silica. Excitation of FMN 1 leads to photodecomposition only when the side chain is in an appropriate geometry to allow a six-membered ring transition state. Our investigations indicate that the rate of photodecomposition dramatically changes in the sol−gel through the course of the gelation and aging process. Rapid changes in the decomposition rate were observed in the sol very early in the gelation process, indicating that the hydroxyl groups of 1 become covalently fixed within the silicate matrix and that silicate structure is formed around this site very early in the sol−gel process.


The purpose of this study is to examine and deepen the knowledge of how unit managers are expected to take responsibility for promoting a good work environment by translating the new regulations on ...


Radioactive rain water collected in Japan during the period 1954 to 1958 was analyzed radiochemically, and the results concerning Np/sup 239/ and U/sup 237/ content are reported. Each gross decay curve was carefully examined, and it was confirmed that the curve plotted on a full-logarithmic paper was not a straight line as was formerly believed but a broken-arrow shaped line. The differences in radioactivity between the former branch and the backwards extrapolated portion of the latter branch correspond to the content of nonfission- produced nuclides of short life. Agreement between the graphically estimated and the radiochemically determined values was fairly good. The fact that the "joint" of the two branches of the decay curve is situated at the nineteenth day after fission is utilized to determine the date of explosion. The influences of the coexistence of U/sup 237/ are discussed. The confirmation of the non-linearity of the gross decay curve in the case of a 3F-bomb explosion made it possible to disentangle the problem of estimating the date of explosions in the cases of rainfalls in May 1954 and September 1954. (auth)


Objective To explore the factors relating to the initiation of keloid scarring. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the patients with keloid which was classified into five clinical patterns according to the lesion features. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 13.0. Results A total of 154 patients with keloids were enrolled in this study. The major initiating causes of the scars were acne (48.70%), folliculitis(35.71%),operation(10.39%), external trauma(9.74%),scratching(9.09%),vaccination(7.14%),burn(2.60%). In the patients with multiple keloids on the chest, back and submaxilla, the male-to-female ratio was 3.67∶1, the peak age band at onset was between 10 and 20 years, the scars occured secondary to acne in 87.50% of the patients. In the patients with solitary keloid on the chest, the scars occured at almost any age and secondary to folliculitis, scratching in 54.90%, 23.53% of the patients respectively. The age of onset was the earliest in all clinical patterns for the patients with multiple keloids on the limbs. 66.67% of the patients had the positive family history and usually developed scars on skin injury for the patients with multiple keloids on the limbs and mixed type. In the patients with solitary keloid on any part except chest, the scars arised at almost any age, the first cause of the scaring was surgical wound. Conclusions Differeat clinical pattern of keloid based on various initiational causes.


It is often said that music affects the impression of our environment and also our behavior. The author's group previously investigated the effect of music on the performance and impression in the virtual environmental context of video games; racing games and Pachi-slot games (slot-machine type games). The results commonly showed that the "no music" condition provided the best performances, and that a musical excerpt which provided a high degree of "unpleasant" impression to the games resulted in a high degree of negative effect on the performances. In the present study, we examined the effect of music on the performance and impression in the situation of simple repetitive operation. We provided a repetitive calculation task based on the Uchida-Kraepelin test. The experiment consisted of two sections. In Section 1, the participants performed the calculation task with one of the various types of musical excerpts or without music. In Section 2, the participants only listened to musical excerpts without the calculation task. The results showed that the number of the calculation in a 10 min was larger in the condition of "no music" than the other "with music" conditions. Moreover, a principal component analysis and multiple-regression analyses revealed that a "light" and "mixed" musical excerpt provides "bright" and "unpleasant" impression to the calculation task and, in turn, results in a serious negative impact on the performance.


Introduction: Parallel, wind-carved ridges called yardangs are pervasive features on Mars [1], with rare and hypothesized occurrences, respectively, on Earth and Venus. Despite recent advances in quantitative study of terrestrial yardangs [2], much remains unknown about the controls on yardang formation and evolution on planetary surfaces, including the combined influences of substrate friability, material heterogeneity, and structural bedding orientation on the morphologies of yardang fields from initiation to demise [2–4]. The rarity of yardangs on Earth and data limitations on Mars have restricted insight into the interplay of the diverse factors in yardang development. The circum-Isidis region of Mars, including Nili Fossae and Libya Montes, hosts a lithologically and structurally diverse stratigraphy of Hesperianto Noachian-aged rocks [5,6] that has been previously suggested to have eroded into yardangs. For instance, qualitatively parallel ridges that are nearly ubiquitously associated with a circum-Isidis olivine-rich unit [7] have been locally interpreted as yardangs [8,9]. Parallel ridges are common in the landing site for the Mars 2020 rover at Jezero crater and in potential extended mission targets in NE Syrtis [10]. The potential existence of yardangs eroded from the region's lithologically and structurally variable stratigraphy makes the region's geomorphology valuable for constraining substrate influences on yardang evolution. However, it remains unclear whether these features are yardangs or are other erosional, depositional, or structural features. Methods: We constrained the origin of qualitatively parallel ridges in Nili Fossae and Libya Montes through measurements and observations using CTX imagery mosaics [11] and HiRISE imagery and digital elevation models [12]. We mapped the extent of potential yardang fields (Fig. 1), tested the potential yardangs' degree of consolidation with observations of rock textures, and tested whether they are bedforms by comparing their stratigraphic position and orientations with previously identified bedding. We also measured orientations of thousands of ridges, which we compared with those of adjacent crater wind streaks. Results: Ridge Classification. We observe several types of parallel ridges in the circum-Isidis region. Libya Montes hosts the following ridge types associated with the olivine-rich unit: 1) large (10s to 100s of meters) inverted ship-hull ridges (Fig. 2), 2) small (meters to 10s of meters) elongate mounds, and 3) large (10s of meters) low-aspect-ratio mounds. These features variably qualitatively resemble "whale-back," "saw-tooth," or "hogback" yardangs [4]. In Nili Fossae, ridges are commonly 100s of meters in length and have high aspect ratio, irrespective of their association with the olivine-rich unit (Fig. 3), mafic capping unit, or Jezero delta (Fig. 4), resembling "long-ridge" yardangs [4]. Ridges in the floor material of Jezero, which includes a rock unit correlative with the olivine-rich unit [14], resemble other Nili Fossae ridges but have lower relief and shorter lengths (Fig. 4B,D). Ridges composed of basement rock in NE Syrtis, referred to as "Long Linear Features" [15] exhibit a paired-ridge, branching morphology strongly dissimilar from yardangs observed on Earth or Mars and are not considered further.


In this paper, a theoretical model is used to investigate and evaluate the electronic transfer rate by using Au metal contact with 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, known as BCP. Electron transfer process is a necessary in variety electronic devices. The electron transfer rate investigates and calculates for Au/BCP interface due to transition energy, Fermi energy, ionization energy and strength coupling to calculate results in a wide solvent media. In this work, the Au metal is used a donor state with BCP molecule as acceptor to study the electron transfer process with changing thirteen solvents media. The results show that electron transfer parameters of the Au/BCP system have been strong dependent on transition energy. It's given acceptable rate in room temperature with barrier ranging 1.169, 1.091, 1.081, 1.086 and 1.064 eV for Diethyl ether, Ethyl, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Acetic acid and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane as result to have low transition energy compare with 0.946, 0.940, 0.967, 0.951, 0.970 and 0.977 eV for Methanol, Water, Acetone, Ethanol, Acetonitrile and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol because have large transition energy.The Au/BCP device has large electron transfer rate with water and Methanol in range 19.328 × 10-9 to 15.205 × 10-9 (cm4/ sec) compare with low electron transfer rate with Diethyl and Ethyl acetate in range 0.006 × 10-9 to 0.091 × 10-9 (cm4/ sec). Moreover, the devices that are employing Au in contact with BCP show higher electronic transfer rate with less polarity solvent.


A collisional multi-ion-species fluid model is developed for the description of drift-resistive-inertial ballooning modes (DRIBMs) with collision rates calculated depending on the Spitzer–Harm transport coefficients. Numerical results have shown that the impurity effect on the linear stability of DRIBM and corresponding transport strongly depends on the impurity species, impurity fraction fz (fz = nz/ne, where nz and ne are impurity and electron densities, respectively), impurity density gradient (R/Lnz), and the type of the driving force of the DRIBM. The density gradient driven DRIBM (en-RBM) is usually stabilized by light impurity while destabilized by heavy impurity at relatively small values of R/Lnz as fz increases. For large R/Lnz, the impurity will destabilize the en-RBM regardless of the impurity species. The electron temperature gradient driven DRIBM (ηe-RBM) is destabilized with both the increase in fz and R/Lnz. A small fraction of light impurity has destabilizing effect on the ion temperature gradient driven DRIBM (ηi-RBM), and a large fz shows a stabilizing effect. Moreover, the heavy impurity species will destabilize the ηi-RBM. The features of the DRIBM driven by the coexistence of ion and electron temperature gradients share many similarities with the ηe-RBM as the electron temperature is a strong driving force of DRIBM. The ion particle transport induced by the DRIBM usually peaks at certain values of fz which is further enhanced with increasing R/Lnz for the case of light impurity, while it usually becomes larger as fz and R/Lnz increase in the presence of heavy impurity. The impurity transport is enhanced with the increasing of impurity fraction and the gradient in general. The dependence of impurity density peaking factor on impurity charge number and concentration is also discussed. These results will promote the understanding of the edge turbulent transport in the presence of impurities and provide controlling mechanisms by seeded impurity injection.


Due to many uncontrolled factors, pedestrian detection is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision. In this paper, a fast and accurate hierarchical method for pedestrian detection with random forests is proposed, which can combine holistic information and local information based on image pyramid model. Image pyramid can effectively realize multi-layer information fusion and hierarchical detection. At the first low spatial resolution layer, a holistic random forests classifier is trained with dominant orientation templates (DOT), which is used for detecting candidate pedestrian area. At the second high spatial resolution layer, local image patches and their offset vectors relative to object center are extracted which are used for learning visual words and geometric constraints by parts-based hough forests. Accurate pedestrian detection is implemented in corresponding candidate area at the second layer by means of hough voting. We test the proposed method with two challenging pedestrian databases: INRIA and TUD-pedestrian. According to the theory analysis and experimental results, our method obtains lower computation complexity and higher precisions than previous works.