This article details the justification and plans of a research team for studying and helping evacuees of Hurricane Katrina from New Orleans to recover by encouraging experimental participants to disclose information about their related experiences in guided interview sessions. Team members' consideration and practice of ethical principles as researchers dealing with the potentially traumatized victims of a disaster are portrayed. Finally, related recommendations for researchers and policy makers are offered.


This study evaluates the wage and employment effects of comparable worth in San Jose, California, one of the first cities in the United States to implement comparable worth wage adjustments. The empirical evidence indicates that, contrary to the predictions of many economists, females posted large employment gains in jobs targeted by comparable worth adjustments. Male employment in these jobs was stagnant. The increasing percentage female in the targeted jobs is attributable to the combined effects of comparable worth and pro-female hiring policies. No overall decrease in employment appears to have occurred in the city of San Jose, nor is there any indication of substitution from targeted to nontargeted jobs.


The UV Ceti-type stars, YZ Canis Minoris, AD Leonis, and Wolf 524 AB, were monitored for 57.8 hours in the time interval 1974 January 15 to February 22 using the 1000 foot (305 m) radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and the 91 or 76 cm reflector at McDonald Obervatory of the University of Texas. Radio observations were made at frequencies of 430, 318, and 196 MHz, and optical monitoring was done in the Johnson U or B band, the Stromgren u band, or white light. During the period of simultanous observations, 62 optical flares were detected. A total of 13 radio frequency flares were independently identified, of which 10 reached maximum flux within 10 min of the peak time of an optical flare. Using times of optical flare events as reference data, we identified an additional 15 cases of radio enhancements associated with optical flares. The most probable delay interval between the optical flare maximum and 318 MHz radio peak was found to be 0 to 5 min with the optical flare occurring first. Aside from this statistical delay of peak occurrence and a general tendency for radio and optical flares to be associated, no systematic correlations of opticalmore » and radio amplitudes or morphology were found. The possible consequences of the radio emission being due to a coherent process are discussed. (AIP)« less


This study involves the investigation of Tinca tinca (L., 1758) living in Kapulukaya Reservoir in Turkey. It was observed that the fish reach sexual maturity at the age of III and the breeding period starts in May and ends in July. The mean monthly gonadosomatic indices varied from 1.38 ±0.06 (in October) to 8.01±1.03 (in May). According to monthly variations of the GSI, spawning of the tench takes place between May (8.01 ± 1.03) and June (5.50 ± 0.57). The average egg number per fish was estimated to be 23403 ± 17047. The eggs diameters varied from 0.50 mm to 1.33 mm (mean 0.86 mm). The relations between the fecundity (F) and body length (L) and body weight (W) were found as F = 0.037799 × L 1.0212 (r = 0.70) and F = 0. 00000175 × W 2.8696 (r = 0.62).


Novel hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS) with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-1-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide(EDC/NHS) as catalyst at room temperature. The amount of EDC and EDC/NHS mass ratio revealed to be influencing factors on the reaction. The hydrogels exhibited typical pH-responsive character. Solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurements confirmed the effective crosslinking of carboxymethyl chitosan. A minimum swelling ratio is obtained at the isoelectric point in the pH range of 3—5. Degradation of hydrogels was carried out at 37 ℃ in phosphate buffered saline(PBS) or in PBS containing 0. 2 mg/mL lysozyme. The hydrogels appeared rather stable in PBS for 10 d. The initial mass loss of 15% —45% was assigned to the dissolution of uncrosslinked CMCS. The hydrogel with low crosslink density was degraded after 80 h in the presence of lysozyme,while the hydrogel with high crosslink density was hardly degraded. A model drug,bovine serum albumin(BSA) was loaded in CMCS hydrogels. Preliminary drug release studies show that the hydrogels are promising carrier of hydrophilic drugs.


Decision making and conflict management styles bear significant role in organizational settings. Executives make their best attempts to resolve conflicts and they are bound to take appropriate decisions at the right time, without which an organization cannot grow at a healthy pace. But the fact is that all the executives do not possesses all decision making and conflict management skills. There is diversity that is heavily depending upon individual differences, in having these styles. The relationship between conflict management patterns and decision making styles become more salient in educational settings where heads of academic institutions have to cope with various internal and external conflicts in educational institutions by undertaking timely, wise, and appropriate decisions. Educational leaders are at the forefront for implementing educational policies that promote rigorous teaching and learning. In order to plan, implement, and evaluate appropriate educational programming, educational leaders, especially principals, must adopt appropriate conflict management style in order to make effective decisions.Conflict is pervasive part of social and professional life. Rahim (1986) defined conflict as an interactive process that is manifested due to compatibility, disagreement, or dissonance within or between social entities i.e., individual, group, organization, etc. According to Fisher (2000) conflict management is a mechanism for dealing with difficult differences within an existing social system and can facilitate constructive social changes towards a responsive and equitable system. From the influential standpoint, an individual's conflict style is a behavioral orientation and general expectation about one's approach to conflict (Ruble & Thomas, 1976, Thomas & Kilmann, 1978). This conception of conflict style does not preclude the individual from changing styles or enacting behaviors not typically associated with a particular style, but asserts that individual choose a pattern of principles to guide them through episodes of conflict. These patterns of principles are translated into actions and reactions that can be conceived of as a style (Khun & Poole, 2000).Scholars have developed typologies of conflict management styles using the conceptual frame work provided by Blake and Mouton's (1964) managerial grid. The two dimensions have been variously labeled desire to satisfy one's own concern and desire to satisfy other's concern (Thomas, 1976), or concern for self and concern for other (Rahim & Bonoma, 1979). A person's conflict style is said to incorporate both dimensions in varying degrees. Among various classifications of conflict management styles, two dimensional model of conflict handling styles (Killman, & Thomas, 1977; Rahim, 1986, 2001) is an empirically supported typology which incorporates integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding and compromising conflict management styles. An integrating approach to conflicts can be expected where concern for self and concern for other were manipulated; the highest levels of collaborative gains were achieved when negotiators had a high concern for self as well as a high concern for others (Ben-Yoav & Pruitt, 1984a, 1984b; Pruitt, Camevale, Ben-Yoav, Nochajski, & Slyck, 1983). The field studies have shown that supervisors who use an integrating style achieved more behavioral compliance with their requests (Rahim & Buntzman, 1990). Obliging style involves low concern for self and high concern for others. According to Blake and Mouton (1964) obliging style is cooperative as the integrating style but this style is indirect and passive. However, one can expect obliging style to have a clear effect on relationship conflict. Dominating style is said to be used when a person considers his or her own interests, but not those of others. In simulations where dominating was encouraged, potential joint gains were missed (Ben-Yoav & Pruitt, 1984a, 1984b; Pruitt et al. …


Author(s): Daly, JA; Buhlmann, KA; Todd, BD; Moore, CT; Peaden, JM; Tuberville, TD | Abstract: © 2018. Jacob A. Daly All Rights Reserved. Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have declined, and head-starting hatchlings in captivity until they are larger and older, and presumably more likely to survive, is one strategy being evaluated for species recovery. Previous studies have reared hatchlings in outdoor, predator-proof pens for 5–9 y before release, in efforts to produce hatchlings in excess of 100–110 mm midline carapace length that are believed to be predation-resistant. We began a comparative study to evaluate indoor-rearing to shorten this rearing period by facilitating faster initial growth. We assigned 70 neonates from the 2015 hatching season to three treatment groups: (1) indoor-reared (n = 30), (2) outdoor-reared (n = 20), and (3) direct-release (n = 20). We released direct-release hatchlings shortly after hatching in September 2015 and monitored them 1–2 times per week with radio telemetry. We head-started the indoor-and outdoor-reared treatment groups for 7 mo before releasing them in April 2016. Indoor-reared tortoises were fed five times per week (September to March). Outdoor-reared tortoises had access to native forage and we gave them supplemental water and food once per week while active before winter dormancy. Indoor-reared tortoises grew g 16 times faster than direct-release tortoises and g 8 times faster than outdoor-reared tortoises; however, indoor-reared tortoises weighed less and had softer shells than comparatively sized older (3–4 y-old) tortoises raised outdoors. Increasing the duration of the indoor-rearing period or incorporating a combination of both indoor and later outdoor husbandry may increase shell hardness among head-starts, while retaining the growth-promoting effect of indoor rearing and shortening overall captivity duration.


- Offshore platforms are always subjected to wave action which is random variable amplitude cyclic loading. In order to simulate the stressing condition at the 'hot spot' of the tubular joints and the marine environment, random variable amplitude fatigue tests have been carried out on welded plate joints in sea water. The tests have been conducted under the conditions of loading frequency of 0.2 Hz, stress ratio of -1, seawater temperature of about 20℃ and cathodic protection with the potential about -850 mV, SCE. The test results have been compared with the seawater corrosion fatigue life under constant amplitude loading. Miner's linear cumulative damage summation rule has been used to predict the corrosion fatigue life under variable amplitude loading. The predicted life is in good agreement with the test data.


The contribution to the degradation of image resolution fidelity in streak camera systems by proximity-focus MCP image intensifiers is explored. These image intensifiers are found to have a significant limitation on overall system performance.


Traditional aerospace component selection methods based on the technology inheritance and application history can no longer meet the increasingly complex spacecraft development missions. An intelligent selection algorithm of aerospace components is proposed in this paper. In order to adapt to different functional application scenarios, advanced methods such as statistical analysis, collaborative filtering algorithm, content association algorithm, classification and clustering algorithm and deep neural network should be studied. These advanced methods should be combined with the prior knowledge and selection experience accumulated during spacecraft development for many years. With the help of digital and network selection platform, to achieve intelligent and diversified selection of components selection can be achieved. The proposed method can assist designers to select more and apply components accurately and efficiently, and improve the robustness and reliability of spacecraft single design.


In this study, operation principle of plate and frame vertical pressure filter was introduced. Filter experiment of dicyanogen amine slurry was carried out using PF0.1-H2 laboratory filter, and the results showed that automatic plate and frame vertical pressure filter could be used in the production process of dicyanogen amine.


The invention provides a diffusion welding method for tantalum and copper, aluminum or titanium dissimilar metal. The method sequentially comprises the following technological processes of smoothing welding surfaces, cleaning the welding surfaces, vacuumizing welded object sheaths and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment. Compared with the prior diffusion welding method for tantalum material and other metal materials, the method has three advantages of: 1, improving the utilization rate of material; 2, simplifying production-machining process and improving production efficiency; and 3, helping to material recycling of target material after use, including the utilization rate of recycled tantalum material and simple recycling method.


Although stalking has been recognized as social problem for the last twenty years, few studies have examined the treatment needs or effectiveness with these persistent offenders. The dearth of information on appropriate intervention is in part related to the difficulty of operationalizing stalking behavior in empirical studies. Accordingly, the present study sought to examine clinically relevant indicators of functioning using both categorical and continuous definitions of stalking behavior. Two hundred and fifty male prisoners were surveyed about their engagement in intrusive and aggressive behaviors during a significant conflict, as well as their social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Results indicated quantitative cutoffs recommended by previous research overincluded generally aggressive offenders. Still, the stalking group identified by this approach displayed the ruminative patterns suggested by theorists. Furthermore, few proposed functioning variables predicted violence and pursuit intensity during multivariate modeling. Violence was only predicted by greater self-reported trait rumination, while pursuit intensity was predicted by greater substance use, greater event-specific rumination, and poorer conflict management skills. iv Dedication I would like to thank my family and friends who supported me over the last decade. All my love and appreciation to my parents for teaching me the value of hard work and education, as well as their emotional and financial support. Many thanks to my friends for getting me out of the books and keeping me sane. Para las tres generaciones que vinieron antes; desde los campos a la universidad. v Author's Acknowledgements I wish to sincerely express my gratitude to the many people who helped in the completion of this project:


Objective: To investigate the status of the new undergraduate nurses' pre-service training needs in the tumor hospital, and to explore pre-service training contents and methods and to provide an evidence for promoting the training plan to new nurses. Methods: Totally 122 new nurses were investigated with self-designed questionnaire in the tumor hospital. Results: The total score of the new nurses' pre-service training needs was 468.89±11.82, and the average score was 4.38 ±0.11, which was at a high level. The top five score of pre-service training needs was the general knowledge of oncologic nursing, primary training of chemotherapy, the ability to rescue the critical patients with others, communication skills, and computer application ability. Conclusion: Nursing administrators should explore and enrich training contents and optimize training pattern for new nurses according to the department specific conditions, and thus improve the whole quality of nursing team and the service quality.


The character of a nation decades from now is determined by who is or is not born in it today.


The construction of fundamental medical quality is the basic of quality control in hospital,even the basic of hospital's comprehensive construction.The essence of fundamental medical quality includes five directions,ie.people for center,technique for basic,matter for foundation,rule for standard,and time for condition.This article described the methods to strengthen construction of fundamental medical quality in these five elements.


A rare case of extramammary Paget's disease of bilateral axillae with adenocarcinoma was reported. A 82-year-old woman had noticed the erythematous macules on her both axillae three years ago. A subcutaneous mass and a number of swollen lymph nodes were detected under the erythematous macule surrounded by pigmentation or depigmentation on her right axilla. There was no evidence of breast carcinoma on the initial examination. Both lesions were widely excised including the regional lymph nodes of the right axilla. The lesion of the right histopathologically showed a well demarcated nest of adenocacinoma in the dermis through the subcutaneous fat tissue. The overlying epidermis was involved by Paget cells. In the vicinity of the tumor nest, some components of supernumerary mammary glands showing positive immunohistochemical staining for anti-estrogen receptor antibody were found. The left axillary lesion histopathollogically showed Paget's cell infiltration in epidermis and the presence of components of supernumerary mammary glands in the deep dermis. The relationship among the Paget's cell, supernumerary mammary glands and adenocarcinoma was discussed. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2000; 15:121-125]


The article deals with defining the object of instruction in education based on subject-subject approach. The author believes that in this case, the object under consideration is the experience of one of the two subjects, i.e. that of the student, and thus, the formation of the student's subject attitude to learning should be one of the major objectives of modern education.


High-power picosecond ultraviolet lasers have attracted considerable interests as novel laser source,due to their wide applications in high precision product,laser medical system,optoelectronic countermeasure and structuring of silicon. The research and development on high-power picosecond ultraviolet laser based on technology of sum frequency are classified and summarized. First,the mechanism of sum frequency and picosecond ultraviolet crystal are discussed. Then the high-power picosecond ultraviolet laser,the high-peak-power picosecond ultraviolet laser,and the high-power and high-peak-power picosecond ultraviolet lasers are discussed. Finally,the prospect of further development and applications of high-power picosecond ultraviolet laser sources is put forward. According to the latest development,it is indicated that the high power picosecond ultraviolet lasers developed in abroad is in maturity stage but just in starting stage at. The high-power picosecond ultraviolet lasers based on photonic crystal fiber laser and thin disk laser have some merits,which play important roles in laser industry.


Through archival footage and interviews, the documentary "Prozac: Revolution in a Capsule" does a remarkable job of capturing the time when transformation ignited the collective imagination.


Research purpose to: (1) describe the form of assertive speech acts of doctors in medical communication; (2) describe the function of physician's assertive speech acts in medical communication. This research is qualitative research. This research was conducted at the RSUD Haji Makassar. The research design used is descriptive qualitative. The focus of this study, namely data in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and assertive sentences put forward by doctors when communicating with patients. Sources of research data, namely doctors who have specialized. Data collection techniques are done through observation and recording. The research instrument consisted of the main instruments namely researchers and supporting instruments including data analysis guides, observation guides, and recording devices. The results of the study revealed that assertive speech acts used by doctors, namely declarative assertive speech acts, interrogative speech assertive speech acts, and imperative speech assertive speech acts. Declarative speech consists of declarative meaningful explanations of circumstances, advice, estimates, disagreements, and affirmations. Interrogative speech consists of interrogative meaningful states, tells, suggest, complains, and demands. The imperative speech consists of imperative meaningful insistence and suggestion. The assertive speech acts function used by doctors, namely the stated function, the function of notifying, the function of suggesting, the function of complaining, and the function of demanding. The use of various forms of assertive speech act doctors are represented so that patients get treatment and healing. The use of a variety of assertive speech act functions is represented by doctors in order to provide information and help patients to get healing.


We have created an integrated interactive visualization and analysis environment that can be used immersively or on the desktop to study a simulation of microstructure development during hydration or degradation of cement pastes and concrete. Our environment combines traditional 3D scientific data visualization with 2D information visualization using D3.js running in a web browser. By incorporating D3.js, our visualization allowed the scientist to quickly diagnose and debug errors in the parallel implementation of the simulation.


ZnSxSe1-x epitaxial layers have been grown on GaP (100) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The layer lattice-matched to the substrate shows a better surface morphology and a narrower line width of X-ray diffraction rocking curve.


ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com The present investigation entitled "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.)'' was conducted at the experimental farm of the faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur (U.P.) during 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications comprising of 8 treatment combinations. The treatments were T1: Control, T2: Nitrogen + Vermicompost, T3: Nitrogen+ F.Y.M, T4: Zn + Nitrogen, T5: Phosphorus + F.Y.M, T6 : Potash + Boron, T7: Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Boron,T8 : F.Y.M + Vermicompost. Seeds of cabbage cv. 'NS-183' were sown in the nursery on 25 th Sep., 2018 and transplanting was done on 27 th Oct., 2018. Maximum plant height was recorded (27.25 cm) in T7 (Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Boron) while minimum (26.15 cm) was observed in T5 (Phosphorus + F.Y.M).Plant spread was maximum (67.70 cm) through recommended package of fertilization (T7) (Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Boron) fallowed by in T5 (Phosphorus + F.Y.M) 64.97 cm. Maximum stalk length were observed in T7 (4.80 cm) and minimum T5 (4.60 cm). Number of days taken to 50 % head maturity did not differ significantly and at least 50 % heads were harvested from 80 th to 90 th days from date of transplanting of seedlings. Polar (11.88 cm) and equatorial diameter (14.35 cm) as well as head shape index (0.87) were observed to be the maximum in T7 (Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Boron). The significantly highest yield (25.85 kg/plot) from a plot area (3.0 m 2 ) was obtained in T7 (Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Boron) were found to minimum yield (20.65kg/plot) T1 control. K e y w o r d s INM, Cabbage, F.Y.M, Vermicompost and Growth Accepted: 12 August 2019 Available Online: 10 September 2019 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(9): 758-764


Electrochemical performance was characterized in solutions of 1 mol/L HCl,1 mol/L NaOH and 1 mol/L H2SO4 of several compounds of MAX phase i.e.211phase(Ti2AlC and Ti2AlN) and 312 phase(Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2)synthesized by hot pressing.The relation between the structure of MAX phase compounds and their stability was studied in regarding to their electrochemical behavior.It is shown that MAX compounds of 312 phase was more stable than that of 211 phase in all solutions;Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2 could be passivated in all solutions,while Ti2AlC and Ti2AlN underwent active dissolution in 1 mol/L HCl with evolution of gas;Ti3SiC2 was more stable than those of Ti2AlC,Ti2AlN and Ti3AlC2.


Emotions are present in all mediation-session participants, including the mediator. The dynamics of the overwhelming majority of litigated cases and interpersonal claims involve negative emotions.


Abstract Models for environment-assisted cracking (EAC) predominantly consider anodic reaction-based processes for simulation of crack propagation. A limited number of models have been developed to...


The goal of this project was to identify optimal coagulation pretreatment conditions and cleaning protocols in a pilot‐scale ceramic membrane system. A matrix of coagulation conditions (coagulant dose and pH) was investigated using aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride at two source waters (river and lake). Increasing backwash frequency to every 30 min and selecting a 30‐s interval proved to be critical since it reduced the effects of irreversible fouling during operation. After optimizing the clean‐in‐place procedure, the membranes were consistently recovered to 4 to 5 psi after the cleaning process. Results showed that optimal pretreatment conditions with aluminum sulfate reduced membrane total fouling rates by at least 80% relative to the control train. Optimal pretreatment with ferric chloride reduced membrane total fouling rates by 95% relative to the control train; however, the pretreatment conditions in which ferric chloride was effective were narrow compared with aluminum sulfate.


The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer is comprised of 1150 optically Monitored Drifttube Chambers (MDTs) containing 354,000 aluminum drift tubes. The chambers are configured in barrel and endcap regions. The momentum resolution required for the LHC physics reach (dp/p = 3% and 10% at 100 GeV and at 1 TeV respectively) demands rigorous MDT drift tube calibration with frequent updates. These calibrations (RT functions) convert the measured drift times to drift radii and are a critical component to the spectrometer performance. They are sensitive to the MDT gas composition: Ar 93%, CO2 7% at 3 bar, flowing through the detector at arate of 100,000 l hr−1. We report on the generation and application of Universal RT calibrations derived from an inline gas system monitor chamber. Results from ATLAS cosmic ray commissioning data are included. These Universal RTs are intended for muon track reconstuction in the LHC startup phase.


The quality of higher education is a historical and dialectical concept; it includes macroscopic quality of higher education development and microscopic quality of teaching. At present, our higher education has entered the stage of massification. The goal of macroscopic development quality is the balanceable development of the scale, the benefit, the speed, the structure and the quality; But microscopic quality of teaching has different definition to different universities. We should establish different safeguard system of quality to universities of different type and level.


Motivated by the recent discoveries of materials with quasi-relativistic dispersion relations, we determine densities of states in materials with low dimensional substructures and relativistic dispersion relations. We find that these dimensionally hybrid systems yield quasi-relativistic densities of states that are a superposition of the corresponding two- and three-dimensional densities of states.


Quine's position is counted as a reductive naturalism. It overcomes both the traditional Cartesian-Kantian approach to philosophy and the theory of logical empiricism. In consequence, Quine turns for guidance to empirical science. Philosophical reflection turns out to be secondary and dependent on science, for it is the empirical sciences that are the only source of genuine knowledge. As a result, philosophy should be reduced, in Quine's view, to the application of scientific methods to problems that more general than those raised within the sciences themselves. Quine's position is criticized in this article both internally, for being inconsistent, and externally, from the point of view of non-reductive naturalism. The criticism primarily pertains to (a) the doctrine of physicalism, (b) the thought-experiment regarding the indeterminacy of translation, and (c) non-observability of the principles of naturalism.


This article comprehensively describes the properties and operating principles of pyroelectric infrared detector using thin films.It summarizes the domestic and abroad research results and developing tendency from the aspects of material selection,device structure and preparation process,and sums up the main applications of the devices.


We investigate the stability of the solutions of the BCS model with the external pair potential formulated in a work K.V. Grigorishin arXiv:1605.07080. It has been shown that the cause of superconductivity in this model is the electron-electron interaction only and the potential cannot impose superconductivity since the superconducting ordering will be destroyed by phase fluctuations in a form of quantum turbulence (vortexes, vortex rings, vortex tangles etc.). The external pair potential renormalizes the order parameter in initial superconducting matter and the bosonic scenario of transition to normal state in a clear 3D superconductor occurs unlike BCS theory where the fermionic scenario takes place.


A line defect on a metallic surface induces standing waves in the electronic local density of states (LDOS). Asymptotically far from the defect, the wave number of the LDOS oscillations at the Fermi energy is usually equal to the distance between nesting segments of the Fermi contour, and the envelope of the LDOS oscillations shows a power-law decay as moving away from the line defect. Here, we theoretically analyze the LDOS oscillations close to a line defect on the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Te3, and identify an important pre-asymptotic contribution with wave number and decay characteristics markedly different from the asymptotic contributions. Wave numbers characterizing the pre-asymptotic LDOS oscillations are in good agreement with recent data from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 016401 (2010)].


After two years' experiments in Lishui,the main potato producing area in Zhejiang,the effects of additional fertilization with potassium fertilizer for potato "Zhong Shu No.3" on its production and related traits are examined.The result of the tests indicates that the potato production,the starch content,solids content and the commodity rate can be improved as well as net assimilation rate;chlorophyll content and leaf area index can be increased by additional fertilization with potassium fertilizer during seedling,tuberization and tuber expansion period.In the meanwhile,the result of the tests shows that different disposal methods of potassium fertilizer lead to different effects.And the effect of additional fertilization with potassium fertilizer during tuberization period is of the most markedness.Its products increased by 43.48% comparing with fertilization with the normal potassium fertilizer,the starch content,solids content and the rates of big potatoes and medium potatoes increased by 15.46%,10.02% and 21% respectively.The leaf area index,chlorophyll content and net assimilation rate increased by 16.89、18.24 and 23.83.


In 1990, Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This Note examines the legislative history of the ADA and uncovers Congress's intent to impose a duty on health care providers to treat people with disabilities unless an individual poses a "direct threat" to the health or safety of others. This Note posits that, with the passage of the ADA, Congress imposed a statutory duty on health care providers to give care to people infected with HIV who qualify under the statute. This Note concludes that while the "direct threat" exception may lessen the impact of the ADA, those infected with HIV should enjoy greater access to health care than ever before.


Abstract To explore the application of programmable logic control (PLC) in the automatic control of nonlinear machine tools, the application of PLC in the nonlinear electronic system control is studied. First, the author takes PLC technology in the numerical control machine tool electrical control application as the research equipment, PLC technology in the numerical control machine tool electrical control application is divided into four types. Then, according to the need of management number, the overall structure of PLC is designed and developed, and the concept of operation modularization is adopted to realize the decentralized development of PLC. There are three functional modules: repair, compile, and simulate. Finally, the machining performance of the nc system is evaluated experimentally. The processing time difference of two kinds of machine tools is compared. The average processing time of the original (Numerically controlled) NC system is 3.06 s, and the average processing time of the embedded soft PLC system is 2.01 s, with a gap of 1.04 s between the two systems. The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining improvement of 1 s is significant in the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools. The numerical control system embedded in the PLC system is more stable in the machining time, so it can be concluded that the numerical control-embedded soft PLC system has carried on some improvements and upgrades to the operation of machine tools. PLC has relatively strong reliability, stability, and flexibility and is widely used in industrial control systems. In the production process of CNC machine tools, the application of PLC can improve the automatic control level of machine tools. The application of PLC can improve the automatic control level of machine tools and realize the effective control of each link in the production process of CNC machine tools, such as the start-stop program, the automatic replacement of cutting tools in the production process, the automatic diagnosis, and treatment of various faults in the production process, which can be realized through the application of PLC technology.


When a compartment fire occurs in a building of steel structure, large bending deformations are produced at the ends of columns and beams, inducing local buckling at these points. In this study, the load-bearing capacity of H-shaped steel columns under local buckling is clarified from pure compression tests and bending compression tests at constant temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600°C. On the basis of the tests, we propose, in relation to the fire resistance of H-shape steel stub columns, a relation between safety usable steel temperature and constant axial load ratio.


Review Article A woman's immediate environment determines her course of life. This is more so when both enduring practices of culture and race seem to conspire to restrict a woman's possibilities of mapping her vision and maneuvering through the day-to-day challenges. In this study, we explore how Alice Walker's The Color Purple and Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus portray the deceptive systems of inequality as espoused in the depressing home spaces. The illusory familial ties are revealed for what they really are: ties that bind the woman to servitude. The two writers suggest a need for a new gender consciousness that will give space to a new woman to unfurl. The two novels converge at the point of imagining a refashioned woman who, having festered within walls of patriarchal reign, lets the male excesses to implode and out of the patriarchal smithereens, emerges a majestic woman. Locating its search in the theoretical strain of Ogundipe-Leslie's Stiwanism, this study confirms the two texts as formidable proposals for a possible independent vision of a black woman.


One of the most important requirements in the asset management system of infrastructure facilities is to manage the level of service. After the facilities were built, many parts of the replacement or repair items will be occurred by the requests of the users on the way of operation and management. Many advanced asset management agencies are setting and developing the target service level for managing the quality of service provided by themselves, and also establish annual repair and replacement plan and a long-term plan, based on their target aim. In this study, the complaints related with the sewage of S-area were analyzed, in which is progressed the domestic asset management development for the facilities and pipes related to wastewater. Based on these complaints data, the S-area`s service performance of odor, damage and back flow, etc. were analyzed and compared with service level management strategies of advanced asset management agency. Through the steps, response times of complaints having the unclear standards or guidelines developed into the more clearly establishment making the target level of service. The establishment of target LOS will constitute a standard that allows to manage the future service level of S-area.


The results of an experimental study of the hydraulic friction factor of perforated pipelines that work with the collection of fluid along the path are reported. Clarification of this issue will make it possible to solve an important engineering task – to devise a reliable procedure for the hydraulic calculation of perforated pipes. The experiments were carried out on an assembled experimental bench. A steel pipeline with a perforated part of 1–3 m was investigated. Perforation holes were taken with a diameter of 3.6 and 9 mm. In the experiments, fluid flow, pressure loss, and average velocity were measured. Based on the data obtained, the values of the coefficient under study were calculated. It has been established that it is significantly larger than its values with uniform movement and is variable in length of the pipeline. Experimental dependences λcol on the value of the ratio of the velocities of the flowing jets of liquid to the average flow velocity in the corresponding section (Uh/V), as well as on the design characteristics of the channel, were obtained. It is shown that the lower value of the degree of pipe perforation corresponds to the higher values of λcol. This result can be explained by the influence of the attached flow rate on the main flow. The confirmation of this conclusion is the resulting shapes of diagrams of the average flow velocity obtained in the experiments, which differ significantly from standard diagrams with uniform motion. Obviously, additional energy is spent on the reformation of the velocities, and this causes additional head losses. Dependences were obtained for calculating the considered coefficient for prefabricated pipelines, including in the presence of transit flow rate. Their use in the calculation of the pipes under consideration will increase the reliability and efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, in which they are important structural elements


The money value of the medical and hospital supplies actually issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1887, was $159,366.95, and the cost of the supplies required for issue during the current fiscal year will undoubtedly exceed that amount. I base the estimate of the probable cost of the medical and hospital supplies which will be required for issue during the pres ent fiscal year on the fact that the average money value of medical supplies issued annually during the fiscal year July 1, 1876, to June 30, 1887, was approximately $177,515.78, exclusive of all other expenses. In this connection, I respectfully invite your attention to my estimate of appropri ations required by the medical department •of the army for the service of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, submitted to' you on the 15th ultimo, as follows:


Objective To investigate the implementation status of 5 check systems related to nursing care.Methods The implementation of the 5 check systems related to nusing care,which included medical order,medicine taking,injection,infusion,surgical patient,transfusion and diet check systems,in 27 clinical nursing units in the hospital,during the third season in 2008 was evaluated.Results The implementation of check system of medical order was best,followed by system of medicine taking,injection,infusion,and system of transfusion.The implementation of check systems of surgical patient and diet was inferior to the others.Conclusion Problems still exist in the implementation of 5 check systems related to nursing care.Strategy should be developed to assure the quality and safety of nursing care.


We propose a novel representation of beat-to-beat variation in electrocardiography, called heart rate n-variability (HRnV), as an alternative to conventional heart rate variability (HRV). The derivation of HRnV parameters are based on multiple RR intervals with or without overlaps. We are able to create many sets of HRnV parameters which are promising at generating extra information from limited data source. We also present three approaches on the use of HRnV, and discuss further on potential applications and future directions. We believe that HRnV is an important addition to HRV, and will contribute to extending the landscape of current studies on HRV.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a new method to realize automatic assembly of aircraft components with large shafts such as canard and vertical tail. The assembly structure of component with large shaft and fuselage is a mating assembly structure, and it is a challenge to satisfy the precision and assembly requirement.

Design/methodology/approach

According to the assembly structure features and process requirements of an aircraft component with large shaft, the operating principle of precise assembly system for shaft-hole mating is analyzed in this paper. The model of compliant assembly for shaft-hole mating is constructed, and force condition analysis of the compliant assembly is performed. An automatic precise shaft-hole assembly method for aircraft assembly using 5 degrees of freedom spatial mechanism, compliance technology and servo feeding system is put forward based on the analysis. A 5 degrees of freedom passive compliant experimental equipment has been developed.

Findings

Application test results of the 5 degrees of freedom passive compliant experimental equipment show that the simulated canard can be mated automatically and accurately through this method with high efficiency and high quality as long as the tip of shaft enters into the range of hole's chamfer.

Practical implications

This method has been used in an aircraft assembly project. The practical results show that the aircraft components with large shafts can be mated automatically and accurately through this method with high efficiency and high quality.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new method and designs a new assembly system to realize the assembly of the aircraft components with large shafts. The research will promote the automation of fuselage assembly.


558Background: Despite considerabletreatment advances,resistance to hormone therapy remains a major clinical problem. We correlated the protein levels of multiple tyrosine kinase receptors, signal transduction pathway proteins, and PD-L1 with relapse in HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods: A case-control discovery Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) analysis of primary tumors from 40 HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients: 18 patients who had relapsed; and 22 patients who had not relapsed (with a minimum of 2.5 years follow-up) was conducted to evaluate the potential of a 24 analyte panel of total and phosphoproteins to predict for probability of relapse. Analytes evaluated include: PD-L1, total and phosphoproteins for EGFR, HER2, HER3, and AR; and phosphoproteins in the major downstream signaling pathways: Ras/MAPK, AKT/mTOR, and JAK/STAT. Rank sum, ROC, and multianalyte statistical analysis was conducted to correlate the FFPE analyte data with clinical outcome (relapse or not). R...


Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz (1865–1936, pseudonyms: Tan,
Tan-Bogoraz, Bogoraz-Tan), the famous ethnographer, linguist, religious scholar,
and researcher of Northern peoples, was also a prolific and popular fiction author, in
particular, a prominent representative of the so-called prehistoric fiction, i.e. fiction
about prehistoric times. This is the first publication of Bogoraz's play "Dragon
Victims" which is a revision of his prehistoric novel under the same name (1909,
"Sons of Mammoth" in English translation of 1929), commissioned in 1920 by the
Section of Historical Pictures at the Petrograd Theater Department of the People's
Commissariat of Education, after Bogoraz, at that time an employee of the Petrograd
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, had been invited by the Section to write
an introduction for the upcoming paleophantastic play "Rhino Hunt" by N.S. Gumilev.
The text of Bogoraz's play "Dragon Victims", preserved in the archive (St. Petersburg
Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives), is published according
to the typescript with author's handwritten corrections. In a detailed introductory
article, the publisher clarifies the dating, the history of creating, and the literary
characteristics of the play as compared to the novel, as well as the programmatic
nature of the encouraging attitude to composing plays on prehistoric themes that came
from A.M. Gorky, the founder and head of the Section.


The opioid peptide H‐Tyr‐c[D‐Cys‐Phe‐Phe‐Cys]NH2 cyclized via a methylene dithiother is a potent and selective μ opioid agonist (Przydial M.J. et al., J Peptide Res, 66, 2005, 255). Dicarba analogues of this peptide with Tyr, 2′,6′‐dimethyltyrosine (Dmt), 3‐[2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Dhp) or (2S)‐2‐methyl‐3‐(2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid [(2S)‐Mdp] in the 1‐position were prepared. The peptides were synthesized on solid‐phase by substituting d‐allylglycine and (2S)‐2‐amino‐5‐hexenoic acid in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed by ring‐closing metathesis. Mixtures of cis and trans isomers of the resulting olefinic peptides were obtained, and catalytic hydrogenation yielded the saturated –CH2–CH2– bridged peptides. All six Tyr1‐ and Dmt1‐dicarba analogues retained high μ and δ opioid agonist potency and showed only slight or no preference for μ over δ receptors. As expected, the six Dhp1‐ and (2S)‐Mdp1‐dicarba analogues turned out to be μ opioid antagonists but, surprisingly, displayed a range of different efficacies (agonism, partial agonism or antagonism) at the δ receptor. The obtained results indicate that the μ versus δ receptor selectivity and the efficacy at the δ receptor of these cyclic peptides depend on distinct conformational characteristics of the 15‐membered peptide ring structure, which may affect the spatial positioning of the exocyclic residue and of the Phe3 and Phe4 side chains.


Industrial machines during their operation generate vibration due to dynamic forces acting on the machines. This vibration may create noise, abrasion in the machine parts, mechanical fatigue, degra ...


The stability of recombinant human interferon α2b(rhIFN α2b) suppository was studied by storing it in different temperatures for different times,then the samples were taken and tested for physiochemical property and bioactivity.The results showed that its bioactivity had no significant decrease after storing at 4~8 ℃ for 48 months,at 20~25 ℃ for 24 months,and at 37 ℃ for 4 months.However,its bioactivity decreased by 32% and 55% after storing at 20~25 ℃ for 32 months and 36 months respectively.Its physiochemical property showed no significant change after storing at different temperatures and different times.Therefore, it showed good stability.


Recently, an autofocus method using dual aperture and color filters has been shown to be fast and cost-effective, and thus suitable for compact digital cameras. The dual aperture separates the incoming light rays and the color filters on the apertures transmit only a single color component. Hence, each light ray passing through an aperture can be separately captured by the corresponding color sensors. The captured monochromatic images of two different color channels are spatially shifted with respect to each other in propotion to the defocus. The disparity between the different color channel can be converted to the distance for the focusing lens to move. However, since the disparity between two different color images cannot well be measured by the conventional methods, we propose a new similarity measure between the dichromatic channel images (e.g. R and B color channels). Experimental results show that the proposed measure is more effective than the existing measures especially when the region of focus measuring is small. This advantage enables to focus the small object and reduce the processing time.


Objective To discuss of sequential triple therapy for eradication of HP.Methods 90 cases of chronic gastritis with HP positive patients,divided into observation group and control group.The control group was given conventional triple therapy.Observation group were given sequential triple therapy.Results In observation group,the total efficiency of 95.56% more than 82.22% that of control group,had significant difference (P0.05).Conclusion Sequential triple therapy for eradication of HP curative effect was obvious.


ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to identify teacher-reported practices related to teaching the 2018 US Midterm Elections and contemporary social and policy issues. In particular, we sought to identify factors that helped explain why teachers were or were not engaging students in the midterm elections and related contemporary issues and what contextual factors may influence their teaching of these contemporary events. We also examined how the teachers' political views and those of the school community, personal political engagement and engagement with current events were associated with teaching the midterms. Respondents to our online survey, conducted using a regionally stratified sample in late 2018, include 813 US secondary social studies teachers from 48 states. We found that teachers who identified shared goals with colleagues and administrators and who reported having autonomy over their curriculum and teaching said they engaged students in the election and issues regardless of the political context. We also found that teachers in more politically competitive states reported developing skills, norms and classroom contexts conducive for engaging in controversial issues. These findings are important given the rise in populism, partisanship and social stratification in the US and globally.


This paper proposed a numerical method to determine the oscillatory stress singularities and the related stress intensity coefficients, by use of common numerical solutions (stresses or displacements) which obtained by an ordinary numerical technique such as finite element method or boundary element method. To verify the efficiency of the present method, an interface edge model of bonded dissimilar materials under the plane strain state is analyzed by boundary element method, and the orders of the stress singularities and the related intensity coefficients are examined numerically. The results show that all the orders of the stress singularities at the interface edge can be determined precisely, and the related stress intenisity coefficients can also be determined by extrapolation method.


Abstract Nanodiamonds (NDs) offer numerous advantages in nanotechnology owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Their chemical stability, natural fluorescence and high absorption capacity make NDs advantageous to be used in many fields including nanomedicine, nano-cosmetics and biomedicine. Recent investigations suggest that NDs can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) therefore act as antioxidants. However, studies regarding the antioxidant properties of NDs are limited and their effects on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress is not clear. Besides, due to the increased incorporation of cNDs in nanomedical, nano-cosmetics and biomedical products toxicity assessments are needed. Here, we investigated the effects of a carboxylated ND (cND) on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and its 24-hour toxicity in a unicellular eukaryotic model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that cND significantly reduces cell death and ROS accumulation in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing H2O2 levels in the media (p < 0.05). Although growth inhibition was observed at higher concentrations (1000 µg/mL and above, p < 0.05), even 10.000 µg/mL cND treatment for 24 hours did not completely inhibit colony formation. cND also significantly reduced ROS generated during normal metabolism (p < 0.05) and did not lead to cell death. Our data suggest that cND shows ROS-scavenging activity and has no sign of toxicity in S. cerevisiae.


As an independent branch of learning in China, pedagogy initiated its establishment early in the 20th century deriving from the Western mainly introducing the education theory of German Herbart School into China through Japan. In the course of introducing the theory, Chinese people wish to combine the Chinese reality with the educational actuality to explore explore in a scientific way. Initial exploration has been made both in theory and practice, which results in promoting Chinese pedagogy to the scientific level.


We provide a microfounded account of imperfect information in the stochastic growth model which dramatically changes the properties of the model. We describe heterogenous households that acquire information about aggregates through their participation in markets. If markets are incomplete, household information will be imperfect. We solve the model taking account of the infinite regress of expectations that this lack of information implies. We derive analytical and numerical results to show that imperfect information can significantly change the properties of the model: under virtually all calibrations the impact response of consumption to a positive aggregate technology shock is negative.


In this final installment of this series, the authors focus on the use of SSRIs in alcohol dependence, chronic pain, eating disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and sexual dysfunction. For each condition, the authors examine how well clinical trial evidence supports the application, discuss dosing and safety considerations, and provide their recommendations on preferred and alternative SSRIs, based on the weight of the evidence.


The acicular ferrite formation mechanism in 500-600 MPa high-strength low-alloy steel weld metal was investigated. The role of inclusions on the nucleation of acicular ferrite in Ti-B containing weld metal was discussed. The influence of inclusions compositions and types on the nucleation of acicular ferrite is studied by electron microscope techniques and X-ray energy dispersive analysis. The results suggest that Ti , Mn, Al, Si oxides provide active nucleation sites for acicular ferrite ,but MnS and MnO·SiO_2 are not a effective for fine acicular ferrite nucleation. The scanning electron micrographs show that there is a shadow zone surrounded the inclusion. It is a plastic zone of matrix. It seems to be more effective for the formation of acicular ferrite.


Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by over inflation of a pulmonary lobe. It often presents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. On the other hand, Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of airways that has both genetic and environmental factors. We describe here a case of 2 years old child who developed respiratory problems soon after birth diagnosed and operated as congenital lobar emphysema, both his vascular anatomy and the bronchial wall were normal. He improved dramatically after surgery. The SaO2 normalized within a week of Surgery (lobectomy) and later he suffered two attacks of bacterial pneumonia. After recovery from surgery and gradual reinflation of the lung a whole new respiratory problem emerged to the surface, by 6 months the child started to develop wheezy chest with each upper respiratory viral infection and not controlled until he received the regular treatment of asthma. Up to our knowledge this cannot be as a complication of congenital lobar emphysema.


This paper proposes an original method for subject independent drunkenness detection using an ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) for processing of thermal infrared facial imagery characterizing the subjects to be tested. The proposed neural system consists of an ensemble of two DCNNs modules for thermal infrared facial image processing; the first module is composed by 12 layers and the second one has 10 layers. The two DCNNs have been trained separately, using different architectures and different sets of parameters. The final decision is influenced by the confidence degrees of two CNN component modules. The proposed method is evaluated using the dataset of 400 thermal infrared facial images belonging to 10 subjects. For each subject the dataset contains 20 thermal images corresponding to sober condition and other 20 images for inebriation condition obtained 30 minutes after the subject has drunk 100 ml amount of whisky. The experiments of the proposed DCNN couple for subject independent drunkenness detection lead to the overall correct detection score of 95.75%. This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The present study proposes a new approach regarding the expenditures for public authorities covered by local budgets to streamline their positive impact on the improvment of the financial activitiy of local administrations. The study begins with fixing the place of these expenses within the sphere of public costs from the local budget and continues with presenting the new legislative framework of their manifestation. In the last part of the study I conceived two alternatives to reduce the costs involved in the functioning of the local administrative system closely correlated with the territorial and administrative reorganization of Romania.


Starting from D,Llactic acid, and some nutrition additives such as zinc lactate, calcium lactate, zinc acetate, ZnSO4 and taurine (a sulfonic acid with amino) as nontoxic catalysts, poly(D,Llactic acid) (PDLLA) was directly synthesized via melt polycondensation. When catalyzed by zinc lactate (mC/mD,LLA = 0.005) under 170 ℃ and 70 Pa, PDLLA with viscosityaverage molecular weight near 4 000 was produced, which was applied in antibacterial ciprofloxacin drug delivery microsphere (HPDLLAMS). The HPDLLAMS was characterized with DSC and SEM. The halftime of release in vitro was 31.9 h, after 53.2 h its accumulated release percent arrived 84.0%, which showed that HPDLLAMS had a good effect for a longterm release.


On ultrathin sections of developing dentine and other hard tissues we have observed primary apatitic chains (strands) composed of nanometer-sized islands (dots). By energy-filtering selected area electron diffraction patterns (SAED) in the ZeissEM902 we have found that these apatitic chains are already orientated parallel to the bipolar apatite c-axis. The probability of crystal growth in c-axis direction for the developing islands was equal for both directions parallel to the fibrous matrix macromolecules, so that the center-to-center distances between these nanometer apatitic paracrystalline islands should reflect the distances between the crystal nucleating sites along the fibrous matrix macromolecules. For early mineralized apatitic chains on the collagen surface they lie in the range from 2 to 8 nm (Arnold et al. 1996, 1997). Further, the amino acid sequence of different dentine phosphoproteins and sialoproteins were inspected. We have defined a group of about five neighbored acidic groups (amino acids) as an acidic site (cluster). It was often found that 10-20 neighbored amino acids lie between the centers of such acidic sites. Taking the existence of the pleated sheet structure for noncollagenous proteins bound immobilized at the surface of collagen fibers, mainly phosphoproteins, the projected distance range between the acidic centers along the fibrous noncollagenous macromolecule are mainly in the range of 3.5-7.0 nm. This corresponds to the range of the center-to-center distances between the nanometer sized apatitic paracrystalline islands in the mineral chains at the collagen surface. This agreement supports our idea that these acidic sites might be the crystal nucleating sites.


The results of studies on the processing of brine from lakes Karaumbet and Barsakelmes for magnesium hydroxide from sodium and calcium hydroxide solutions purified by distillation liquid, sodium carbonate, and barium chloride are presented. Desulfation of the wound with the distiller's liquid was carried out at a CaO rate of the distiller's liquid of 100% sulfate ions. Excess calcium was precipitated with sodium carbonate, and additional purification by sulfate ions was carried out with barium chloride at a rate of 95-98% of stoichiometry. As a result, the residual content of sulfate did not exceed 0.07 % or 0.010 % in terms of calcium sulfate. The optimal technological norms of the process were established - the norm of sodium and calcium hydroxides is 100-105% of the stoichiometry, the temperature is 25°C, and the duration of the process is 120 minutes. At the same time, the filtration rate for the solution is 725.21 kg/m2·h, and for the dry residue 75.80 kg/m2·h. The optimum temperature for the filtration stage is 50–60°C, at which the degree of magnesium precipitation is 97.11–99.41%. The separation of the liquid and solid phases by centrifugation proceeds quite quickly in the first 6 minutes and is 91.86% of the initial amount, after 10 minutes - 95.66%, and after 15 minutes - 97.15. S:L at the same time changes from 1:8 to 1:2 and 1:1, respectively.


A cluster expansion is written for the partition function of a polymer chain. An exact expression relating "nodal" and "elementary" graphs is presented. An analog of the Percus–Yevick approximation is made which leads to an integro‐difference equation. This equation is solved exactly using a hard‐core potential for the special case of the hard‐core diameter equal to the polymer segment length (the "pearl‐necklace" model). Results of numerical calculations are given for other values of this diameter ranging from zero to the segment length. This leads to values of γ ranging correspondingly from 1.0 to 2.0, where 〈ρ1N2〉Mγ with 〈ρ1N2〉 the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance and M the molecular weight. The numerical results for 〈ρ1N2〉 as a function of chain length are in good agreement with the second‐order perturbation theory of Fixman for small hard‐core diameters.


The article is devoted to the possibility of using the concept of translational medicine in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. Detailed description of the main directions of development of translational medicine in physical therapy and rehabilitation — a personalized, evidence-based physiotherapy, physiotherapy economy and marketing are described in detail. The prospects for translational research in physiotherapy were determined.


Abstract Detailed synoptic and dynamic analyses of outflow from tornado-producing thunderstorms of 23 April 1968 were made by using conventional rawinsonde data combined with ATS III pictures. It was found that the pre-existing flow at the cirrus level over storm areas changed dramatically into outflow as the storms developed. When the storms reached their mature stage, the horizontal dimensions of the outflow increased to ∼500 km, Detailed analyses of rawinsonde data inside the outflow area revealed the existence of a mid- tropospheric warm core accompanied by a significant field of convergence below the 700-mb surface. Quantitative analysis of the thermodynamical and dynamical aspects of the outflow field showed that the outflow was induced and maintained by convective warming.


A novel low-profile dual-polarization frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) with a transmissive window in the absorption band is proposed in this paper. Based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM), the principles of the impedance design are theoretically derived. Then, a two-layer structure model is constructed. The top layer is composed of a lossy three-legged loaded element (TLLE), and the bottom layer is composed of a square ring bandpass frequency-selective surface (FSS). Furthermore, the strips are folded to reduce the unit cell size to stabilize the angular response. The maximum stable response angle increases from 20 to 40° due to the miniaturized design under both TE and TM polarization. The experimental results of the prototype are in good agreement with the simulation results, which validates the rationality of our design.


Synthesis of some novel 9-anilinoacridine derivatives 3a-j and 4a-j from 9-cloroacridine under MW irradiation have been reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by physical and analytical data. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro anti-microbial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Their larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi have also been screened by larval bioassay method. Many of the compounds have significant antimicrobial and larvicidal activities.


The overall objective of this paper is to contribute conceptually to the questions why and how regions transform and it joins the debate on economic evolution and institutional change. The paper addresses the challenge of how to conceptualise the interdependencies of institutions of different types and spatial scales. It aims at developing a conceptual framework that i) appreciates the variety of institutional forms and the multi-scalar nature of institutional landscapes, ii) is tangible enough for operationalization in the context of empirical research, and iii) contributes to our understanding about institutional change and economic evolution in regions. The paper offers a review on how institutions have been conceptualised in the context of evolutionary economic geography, a proposal for understanding regional institutional frameworks and institutional change through a novel way of conceptualising institutional layering, a clear distinction between concepts such as agency, networks, social structures and institutional layers, and a discussion about how this can improve our understanding about regional transformation. The concept of institutional layering contributes to the literature on institutional change and institutional complementarity. Important mechanisms and drivers of institutional change within and between institutional layers are discussed. The emphasis in this paper lies on the dynamic interplay between institutional layers. One of the main advantages of the concept of institutional layering is that it illuminates the causality of institutional change. It demands to identify which institutional layer changes how and because of what reason, appreciating also the role of agency and power. In this context, the literature on institutional complementarity underlines the importance of interdependencies between different types of institutions for institutional change as well as economic outcomes. The concept of institutional layering contributes by providing an analytical framework for studying these interdependencies. Furthermore, several mechanisms are identified how the concept of institutional layering contributes to our understanding of regional transformation. The variety and connectedness of institutional layers in a region have an effect on learning and knowledge exchange, the probability to benefit from related variety, the forming of collective interests and resources, the exploration of path plasticity as well as institutional dynamics. Depending on the degree of variety and connectedness of institutional layers, regions will therefore experience differences in the speed of economic evolution, resilience, and the likelihood for continuous or disruptive changes. Using the two dimensions, variety and connectedness of institutional layers, the paper moves towards a typology of regions and relates it to existing empirical literature.


The vexed question of the relationship between 'language' and 'culture' will be the starting point. I do not propose to 'resolve' the question but to consider some ways in which relationships between cultural awareness and language awareness might be conceptualised and then have some impact on language education. By 'language education' I refer to the teaching and learning of all languages in a curriculum, whether this be the synchronic experienced curriculum of a learner at a given point in time or the diachronic curriculum of their lifelong learning. I will draw on the Council of Europe's concept and platform for 'Languages in Education, Languages of Education' and plurilingual and intercultural education to provide an overview of the issues involved. Finally, I will consider the impact on teaching and learning in practice by suggesting that, in the best cases, language and culture teaching produces, through the development of linguistic and intercultural competence, alternative conceptualisations of the world and contributes to the education/Bildung of the individual in society.


Introduction: Sistan area is a developing region located in the eastern part of Iran. According to the literature reviews, no evidence of the frequency of breastfeeding during the last decade in this area was found. Therefore, the aim of this study is determining the frequency of breastfeeding and its related factors in this region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the rural areas of Sistan region in 2019 among 408 mothers with infants under 2 years. Samples were randomly selected proportional to the size of the target population of the health centers. Data collection tool was a checklist including the mother age, infant's gender, birth rank, parents' job, parents' education, weight/height of mother, infant's birth weight, gestational age, family income, ethnicity, type of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding in 4-, 5-, and 6-month age, breastfeeding in 12-month age, and skin contact immediately after birth and rooming in during the first 24 h. Results: Frequency of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) in the 1st h, 4, 5, and 6 months after childbirth were 80.1%, 95.8%, 73.8%, and 71.7%, respectively. The frequency of EIBF during the 1st h of life was higher in boy neonates than girl ones (87.8% vs. 75.5%, respectively, P = 0.001). Moreover, it was significantly higher among Fars ethnicities than Baloch ethnicities (83.1% vs. 69.8%, respectively, P = 0.021). Logistic regression models showed that the father's job, parents' education, family income, ethnicity, and duration of pregnancy were determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding in the 1st h of childbirth. Conclusion: The present study showed that one-fifth of the infants are deprived from exclusive breastfeeding, especially in the 1st h after birth. Such situation is affected by several socioeconomic and cultural factors which should be managed by effective interventions for promotion of the exclusive breastfeeding indicators.


Aims Best practice in the prescribing of antipsychotic therapy includes monitoring for medication side effects. National guideline SIGN 131 advises the use of a validated side effect scale, for example the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS). Local recommendation in NHS Lanarkshire advises that patients prescribed antipsychotic therapy should be offered GASS at each contact and after initiation or titration. We aimed to improve compliance with antipsychotic side effect monitoring for inpatients in general adult psychiatry across two hospital sites in NHS Lanarkshire. Method We conducted a full-cycle audit. In October 2020, we took a cross-sectional sample of inpatients in general adult psychiatry in University Hospital Hairmyres and University Hospital Wishaw who were prescribed antipsychotic therapy for a functional psychotic disorder. For these inpatients, if applicable, we identified whether GASS had been completed on admission (OA), whether GASS had been completed after initiation or titration of antipsychotic therapy (I/T), and whether GASS had been acknowledged and discussed at consultant-led multi-disciplinary team meeting (MDT). Thereafter, we implemented several targeted interventions in order to improve compliance. In January 2021, we completed the cycle by taking a new cross-sectional sample of inpatients fulfilling identical parameters. Result First cycle in October 2020 (n = 27) showed compliance OA of 4.2%, I/T of 9.5%, and MDT of 3.7%. Our interventions included a presentation at trust-wide clinical governance meeting; a presentation at one of the weekly departmental teaching sessions in psychiatry; an email summarising the audit to consultants in general adult psychiatry; meetings with senior charge nurses for each ward; and inclusion of GASS as part of routine admission paperwork. Re-audit in January 2021 (n = 23) showed compliance OA of 11.1%, I/T of 40.0%, and MDT of 21.7%. Conclusion Our full-cycle audit led to modest improvement in documented monitoring for antipsychotic side effects. There was relatively greater improvement in prescriber-led outcomes I/T and MDT, suggesting increased prescriber awareness. However, rather than reliance on individual prescribers to ensure compliance, consideration of GASS alongside monitoring of other physical health parameters would likely result in greater and more sustained improvement. In NHS Lanarkshire there is ongoing work to this end, ultimately with the intention to set up a defined antipsychotic physical health monitoring schedule, integrated across inpatient and community care.


The problem how to enhance the security of wireless sensor networks has become a hot research topic. In this paper,the typical attack models in WSN and the corresponding defending and detecting strategies are summarized. Based on comparison of these strategies,this paper gives the new tendency for future research.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of hematopoietic progenitor cells. AML is a disease of elderly people with the median age of presentation being 67 years. In the past few years, research in molecular biology has lead to a better understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Genetic abnormalities are one of the most important factors which determine the disease outcome and response to chemotherapy, and their better understanding is needed for development of new treatment approaches. Although significant advances have been made in treatment of younger patients, results of the treatment in the elderly is still unsatisfactory. Current clinical trials are focused on target therapy development.


Purpose of the article: The main approaches of an effective automated optoelectronic ground–space monitoring system construction provided visual information secure processing in conditions of information rivalry are considered. Research method: solving the main tasks of the AOES NKM – objects of interest stabilization, detection, localization and classification in photo and video data in relation to various background–target environments, the use of a protection measures set and the fight against information and technical impact deliberate destructive disturbing factors by rational directions of their prevention and the consequences of their manifestation timely elimination development. Obtained result: The main approaches provided visual information secure processing in the context of information rivalry in an automated optoelectronic ground–space monitoring system are presented


Experience has shown that tires have their limits as a primary power generation fuel. As a supplemental fuel, however, they may prove to be cost effective. This article discusses the use of tires as a alternate fuel source.


The hospital admission process is a time-consuming yet a vital process. Because of the amount of time needed for this process, the admission process can become fragmented and can lead to staff and patient dissatisfaction. The information gathered during admission provides the information needed to formulate nursing diagnoses, the nursing plan of care, and a plan for discharge. A timely and thorough admission process contributes to patient safety and provision of excellent, patientcentered care. The average length of stay at acute care hospitals has decreased in the last 10 years, whereas patient acuity has been on the rise. In addition, the problem of overcrowding in emergency departments across the country results in long waits, increased hours of diversion, and decreases in patient satisfaction and staff morale. At the same time, changes in hospital documentation, medication administration, and nursing practices to increase patient safety have impacted the workload of the staff nurse, placing tough demands on the time and energy of nurses. Staff nurses must be supported by nurse leaders in their quest for providing excellent patient care. Failure to support nursing efforts results in staff frustration and dissatisfaction. A recent research study indicates that 92% of nurses surveyed associate the nursing shortage with the quality of patient care and the amount of time spent with patients. In the same study, an improved work environment was cited by 89% of the nurses as a good strategy to solve the nursing shortage, whereas 49% felt that the use of support staff would help ease the nursing shortage. Quality of work life also impacts the quality of patient care. Factors that affect quality of work include positive attitude, relief of emotional and physical stress, and nurse empowerment within the local unit to overcome barriers. Sadly, data indicate that nurses are leaving the profession in large numbers or leaving the bedside to pursue their careers in other areas.


social changes suggest major cultural transformations. Data from other parts of the Southeast reflect relative social stability. Based on these observations, the editors divide the book into three sections focusing on areas of the Southeast where the material culture reflects social stability, social transformation, and regional variation in the degree of stability and change. Section I contains examples of four Late Woodland cultural manifestations reflecting social stability. Dunnell and Feathers's investigation of the Late Woodland period in southeast Missouri indicates that major changes in the ceramic assemblage are not accompanied by equivalent changes in settlement and subsistence. In terms of subsistence strategies, it appears that Late Woodland broad-spectrum hunting and gathering persisted long after A.D. 800, with the gradual addition of small amounts of maize. KuttrufFs discussion of Late Woodland adaptation in the lower Kaskaskia Valley of Illinois summarizes his model of Late Woodland settlement, subsistence, and social organization originally proposed in 1974, updating it with newly collected data from the Midwest and Southeast, Schroedl and Boyd's evaluation of Late Woodland in eastern Tennessee suggests that many "diagnostic" characteristics have a much wider temporal and spatial distribution than once thought, raising serious questions about the integrity of the Late Woodland as a cultural complex. Kohler's study of north-central Florida's Alacuha tradition indicates a period of apparent cultural stability following A.D. 500, despite the appearance of more "Mississippianized" cultures in the surrounding area. Section II investigates Late Woodland archaeological manifestations that experienced significant material and social change or transformation, ultimately exploring questions concerning how and why change occurs. Kreisa and Stout present new data on the Late Woodland developments near the Ohio-Mississippi River confluence, documenting dramatic changes in the settlement system, ceramic vessel form, and plant use, and clarify the process of Mississippian emergence in the region. Hargrave, Cobb, and Webb use an information-exchange-theory approach to analyze ceramic-vessel stylistic variability in southern Illinois. The appearance of bounded regional social networks, as reflected by ceramic style zones, is interpreted as a response to changing ecological and demographic conditions. Nassaney's insightful chapter presents a new interpretation of Plum Bayou culture in central Arkansas. Using a theoretical approach based on worldsystems interaction, he places Plum Bayou culture in a regional context and investigates temporal shifts in population and the locations of centers of political authority. Rogers's chapter synthesizes the culture history of the Caddoan region, revealing major social and economic transformations. A model based on the concept of "social reproduction" is presented as a mechanism for explaining the transition from hunting and gathering to more sedentary, ranked societies.


Light-sheet microscopy (LSM) is an imaging technique that has the facilities of fast and high contrast 3D imaging with minimal light exposure. In LSM, a conventional Gaussian beam has a rapid divergence so it prevents the generation of a uniformly thin sheet of light. An Airy beam remains diffraction-free over long distances compared to the Gaussian beam and also shows up an advantage of a self-healing property. Herein, beam shaping is widely noticeable to generate different types of beams and to modify their properties. The Airy beam could be combined with light-sheet microscopy to achieve a higher contrast over an extended field of view (FOV) and penetration depth. In this research, we investigate the effect of the Airy beam profile on the LSM properties including the light penetration depth and the image contrast. The beam properties are controlled by computer-generated hologram (CGH) patterns on a spatial light modulator (SLM).


Much of the difficulties in characterizing complex reservoirs are related to the uncertainty associated with seismic interpretation. In this project, we examine two such sources: uncertainty in the velocity model, and ambiguities with expert interpretation due to conceptual geological uncertainty of reservoir structure. We address the first issue by presenting a geostatistical method for generating multiple velocity models to capture this uncertainty. We take this a step further by obtaining a set of migrated images using these multiple models, and build uncertainty maps based on local Euclidean and Procrustes distances between the migrated images. These uncertainty maps can aid an interpreter in deciding a) if certain structures actually are present in the image and b) the spatial placement of existing structures. An illustration to subsalt imaging is provided.


What do we lose when we leave childhood and become adults? Is this a good thing? Can we, at least for a moment, turn back time and see the world again as a child? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Becca and Adam are members of the Fairytale Fellowship, a group of children who can still see the magic in the world and protect the world from wrong-doing magical creatures. Becca and Adam find special glasses that allow anyone, even adults, to see the invisible magical creatures around them. They rush to get the glasses to the Fellowship, but are stopped by a Faun who steals the glasses and forces them to play a game to win the glasses back. They win the game, but valuable time has passed. Becca and Adam have aged out and experienced "The Shift" all children experience into adulthood that makes them unable to see magical things. Their worst fear has happened, they have grown up.


Obtaining frequent itemsets from the dataset is one of the most promising area of data mining. The Apriori algorithm is one of the most important algorithm for obtaining frequent itemsets from the dataset. But the algorithm fails in terms of time required as well as number of database scans. Hence a new improved version of Apriori is proposed in this paper which is efficient in terms of time required as well as number of database scans than the Apriori algorithm. It is well known that the size of the database for defining candidates has great effect on running time and memory need. We presented experimental results, showing that the proposed algorithm always outperform Apriori. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we have tested it on Turkey student's database as well as a real time dataset.


ESTROGENS increase greatly the calcium, phosphorus and lipid content of bird plasma; they also induce growth of the oviduct and formation of endosteal bone in both birds and mammals. The literature on this subject has been reviewed by Riddle (1942) and by Gardner and Pfeiffer (1943). Riddle and Dotti (1936, 1945) noted that in pigeons thyroidectomy does not notably affect the ability of estrogens to raise the plasma calcium. Clavert (1942) reported that the hypercalcemic and osteogenic actions of estradiol dipropionate in drakes are reduced by thyroidectomy, and that these actions are restored by injections of thyroxin. Thyroidectomy has been shown to increase the cholesterol, fatty acid and phospholipid content of drake plasma (Benoit and Bogdanovitch, 1937) and the administration of thyroxin apparently decreases the fat content of pigeon plasma (Riddle, Senum and Rauch, 1945).


Oral health is indispensable to overall health and oral diseases especially periodontitis is well known for its high prevalence and rapid morbidity. Function of the host immune response is the most crucial feature in periodontitis. And this is the reason for both disease progression and severity. Search for a biomarker for periodontitis has turned on researches working out in finding many newer molecules (cytokines), that can help the clinician in deciding regarding the patient's status. This review shortly covers the multiple facets of crosstalk engaged by salivary Tumour Necrosis Factor-α key inflammatory mediators in periodontal disease.


An alternating quasi-static field allows for controlling and enhancing the yield in high harmonic generation. Simulations predict increase of more than two orders of magnitude for harmonics in the water window spectral range.


Rapid and accurate screening tools for seized drug analysis continue to be needed due to the complexities associated with the emerging drug landscape. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is one technique that has been used for this purpose and is seeing increased implementation due to its ability to provide high-fidelity information rapidly. As with any analytical technique, ensuring data integrity with DART-MS results is critical. To further enhance data integrity and eliminate some of the challenges associated with qualitative analysis of seized drugs using DART-MS, the incorporation of an internal standard was investigated. After evaluating a number of candidate compounds, tetracaine was chosen because of its desirable characteristics. An appropriate concentration of tetracaine was established that provided similar sensitivity to GC-MS for a panel of drugs. The presence of tetracaine in a drug extract was found to cause a reduction in signal for some common drugs due to competitive ionization but did not cause complete suppression of signal at relevant concentrations. Evaluation of a set of 60 representative case samples with and without internal standard found that the presence of internal standard did not negatively impact the results and that its presence eliminated the false identification of noise peaks in negative samples. The use of an internal standard also provided within-sample mass calibration and analyte concentration checks. It also allowed for automated mass drift compensation, removing a time-consuming process for high resolution DART-MS data processing.


"Objective – The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the factors that affect audit quality for auditors working in Public Accounting Firms in DKI Jakarta. Methodology/Technique – The independent variables used in this research are: independence, work experience, competency, accountability, audit tenure, and audit fee. The object of this research consists of 25 Public Accounting Firms located in DKI Jakarta. There are 164 respondents used as samples in this study. The sample was selected based on a convenience sampling method with criteria including auditors working at public accounting firms located in DKI Jakarta, with a minimum of one year work duration. This research used statistical tests of multiple regression. Findings – The result shows that independence, accountability, and audit tenure have an effect on audit quality. Meanwhile, work experience, competency, and audit fees have no influence on audit quality. Novelty – The study suggests that to improve audit quality, Public Accounting Firms should pay attention to the independence and accountability of its auditors."


This paper provides a conceptual discussion of the critical and information literacies that underpin the effective integration of Internet based information into leaming. The analysis and documentation of a case study of classroom use of the Internet during a class research assignment is provided to highlight the importance of developing these critical literacies. The paper recognizes the substantial contribution of Celeste McNicholas, Director of Information Services at Marist Sisters' College, Woolwich, Sydney where the case study was undertaken.


Cavitation erosion was studied for pure tianium (TB270H, TB340H, TP49H) and stainless steel (SUS316L) samples using a rotating disk apparatus in seawater and tap water. In addition, identical experiments for titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-V, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Cn-3Al) samples were carried out in salt water (3%) and ion exchange water using a vibratory apparatus. Erosion resistance of pure titanium in seawater is excellent, as it is in tap water, but the incubation period in seawater is shorter than that in tap water. Erosion resistance of stainless steel is excellent in tap water, but it is necessary to advance the time for its inspection when stainless steel is used for the seawater pump impeller material because the resistance decreases remarkably in seawater. Normalized erosion resistance of these metals using a rotating disk and a vibratory apparatus can be evaluated similarly in terms of Vickers hardness (HV) when it is arranged using a standard material.


Corrections from the non-Hermiticity of the pseudopotential, constructed from first principles, on the phonon-limited electrical resistivities of metals are theoretically investigated. It appears that such corrections to the standard calculation are significant, particularly at very low temperatures.


The article reports the results of a study into the use of Internet resources in appellate judicial opinions and briefs. The prevalence of link and reference rot in opinions and briefs is examined. Link rot refers to an Internet link that does not retrieve any information. Reference rot refers to an Internet link that functions but does not retrieve the information it was cited for. The article explains how link and reference rot can undermine the authority of judicial opinions, harm the transparency and accountability of the judicial branch, and weaken the development of the law.Several aspects of this study have yet to be explored in any other published article. First, this study examines link and reference rot in briefs submitted to appellate courts. Previous studies have focused only on judicial opinions while ignoring briefs which are a major source of link and reference rot. Second, this study includes original research into rotten links to determine if missing information can be located using advanced internet searching or in digital archives. These novel approaches shed new light on the causes of and solutions to link and reference rot in legal writing.The article concludes with suggestions for stopping link and reference rot including the use of the Perma digital archive, criteria for selecting links to include in judicial opinions, and proposed amendments to appellate court rules. A proposed amendment to Oklahoma's Code of Judicial Conduct is offered to ensure that independent judicial factual research does not violate the rights of litigants.


Between 1994 and 1999 South Africa has been officially labelled a society in transition. Constitution, legal framework, public institutions and political structures were changed fundamentally. The new political dispensation was introduced from the top. At the bottom of society it is confronted with a political culture that has been shaped by the experiences of 300 years of colonialism, 50 years of Apartheid and the struggles against them. Thus today a rapid democratisation of the legal and administrative framework meets a political culture that has been formed by an undemocratic society. How does this confrontation shape the work of the new democratic institutions? This paper gives some aspects of an answer to this question. It is based on an empirical study of the transformation process in Umtata, former capital of the Transkei "homeland", conducted between January 1997 and July 1999. Mass action and a culture of boycott continue to be the main means of political expression in the public. Political culture in Umtata is a lot more confrontational than co-operative. This paper looks into four key areas of the transition process: the problems of getting people to pay their rates and user fees, the pressing land invasion, the failure of all attempts to regulate the local taxi industry and the expectations of people in regard to the future of their town.


For the last two years at this conference, we have described the implementation of a unified, scientific approach to performance measurement for data fusion algorithms based on FINITE-SET STATISTICS (FISST). FISST makes it possible to directly extend Shannon-type information metrics to multisource, multitarget problems. In previous papers we described application of information Measures of Effectiveness (MoEs) to multisource-multitarget data fusion and to non-distributed sensor management. In this follow-on paper we show how to generalize this work to DISTRIBUTED sensor management and ADAPTIVE DATA FUSION.


Under acid conditions, cis-4,7-disubstituted 4,7-dihydro-4,7-dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophanes undergo dehydration accompanied by rearrangement, affording cyclohexadienone derivatives as major products and with polysubstituted phenols being formed as minor products. The formation of either an ortho or a para semiquinoid system, as well as the configuration of the newly formed asymmetric center, depended strictly on the nature of the substituent (alkyl, allyl, or phenyl). The structures of 3,4-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl[2.2]paracyclophane-4-one (10), 3,7-diallyl-3,4-dihydro[2.2]paracyclophane-4-one (12), and 4,7-dihydro-7,8-diphenyl[2.2]paracyclophane-4-one (22) were determined by X-ray structural analysis. [2.2]Paracyclophane-4,7-quinone (1) was obtained in optically active form. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


In this paper, a calculation method for transient electric field distribution inside a transformer impressed with voltage is proposed: The concentrated electric network for the transformer is constructed by dividing transformer windings into several blocks, and the transient voltage and electric field intensity distributions inside the transformer are calculated by using the axisymmetrical finite element method. Moreover, an animated display of the distributions is realized: The visualization of physical values, such as electric field intensity, is extremely useful for the design of graded insulation.


Eilenberg in 1944 ([E])2 removed some of the difficulties associated with the classical concept of "singular cell" and obtained a new singular homology theory. In 1948, Hurewicz, Dugundji, and Dowker ([H]) applied the methods of inverse and direct limit groups in conjunction with mappings of polytopes into a space to obtain another singular homology theory. The primary purpose of this paper is to show that these two methods yield isomorphic cohomology (homology) groups. We prove this result by constructing a simplicial polytope P(X) which is a geometric realization of the Eilenberg singular complex of the space X, and then showing that the n-cohomology group of P(X) is isomorphic to the n-cohomology groups of X as defined by Eilenberg and by Hurewicz, Dugundji, and Dowker. We also prove that the Hurewicz homotopy groups of P(X) and the space X are isomorphic. The above results are stated in full in Section 6. Section 6 contains the statements of the principal results of this paper, although Theorem I is given in Section 5 and Theorem VII is given in Section 10. In Sections 7 to 9 we prove the results of Section 6. In Sections 2 to 4 we briefly summarize the definitions and theorems from the papers of J. H. C. Whitehead ([W]); Hurewicz, Dugundji, and Dowker ([H]); and Eilenberg ([E]) which are needed in the remainder of this paper. The basic notation used will be that of [HW]. Beyond that, our notation will be consistent with [H], and, in regard to the Eilenberg complex, [E]. We will use to denote group isomorphisms, and to denote homotopy relations. The topological spaces and groups considered here are of the most general type with no separation axioms postulated. We will use infinite cochains over a topological, abelian coefficient group. Chains will be finite and with a discrete, abelian coefficient group. The word simplex will always mean a closed geometric (Euclidean) simplex unless we explicitly state otherwise. We will let iz-n(Y, y) denote the Hurewicz n-homotopy group of the space Y with the base point