The strain producing high-yield xylanase with low enzymatic activity of cellulase was screened through mutation of Aspergillus niger by UV-ray.The enzymatic activity of xylanase from mutated Aspergillus niger was analyzed.The xylanase stability to temperature and pH value was determined.The effects of xylan concentration and xylanase dosage on enzymolysis were discussed.The best mutation conditions of Aspergillus niger were as follows:UV power 40 W,distance 28 cm,irradiation time 2.5 min.The optimum conditions for produced xylanase were as follows:temperature 50℃,pH value 4.2.The results showed that xylan concentration had no effect on enzymolysis,xylanase dosage affected enzymolysis obviously,the enzymolysis efficiency was the best with 30 g·L-1 xylan concentration,2%~5% xylanase dosage.


Taking Beijing as an example, this article uses the second time data in 2006 census of agriculture of Beijing, combines with field research and interviews with farmers and uses indicators of comprehensive evaluation method. It gives a comprehensive evaluation of Beijing rural infrastructure level, reveals the infrastructure projects and regions, which need greater investment and construction, and points out the problems of the quality and exploitation of the infrastructure. This article also provides a theoretical basis for the effectiveness evaluation of new rural area construction in Beijing, for further construction planning, as well as for the construction and management of rural-urban integration.


The HPLC method for determination the content of chlorogenic acid in cleavers was established.The column was Diamonsil C185 μm(250 mm × 4.6 mm),the mobile phase was methanol-0.04% phosphoric acid(23∶77),the detection wavelength was 324 nm,the flow rate was 1 m L/min,and the column temperature was 25 ℃.Through the methodology study,it had the characteristics of the linear relation of the method,precision,reproducibility and stability,which can be used identified Cleavers chlorogenic acid quickly and accurately.


A laboratory study was carried out to determine the frequency and duration of operator direct looks to fingertip and panel-mounted automotive controls. Five groups of 16 subjects each were tested on one of five multifunction stalk configurations. Movement and operation times were recorded as subjects performed a secondary tracking task during which commands were given to find and operate automotive controls. The results indicate that drivers' direct looks to a control increased as a function of hand travel distance to the control. Large differences were found between stalk and panel-mounted controls. The type of multifunction stalk had an effect on subjects' performance and frequency of direct looks.


In this work we have used synchrotron x-radiation diffraction to follow in real-time the isotropic-smoetic phase transition of a side-chain liquid crystalline polymer. The analysis of the x-ray data indicated that the transition occurs within a very narrow biphasic region. As the transition takes place, the size of the smectic regions, as indicated by the width of the diffraction peaks, changed only very slightly before impingement, suggesting a two-dimensional growth pattern. A thermal investigation of the polymer paralleling the x-ray experiments was undertaken and a kinetic analysis applied to the resulting data. Qualitative agreement with a disk-like growth of the smectic regions was found. We have shown that the overall kinetics of the isotropic-smectic transition of a side-chain polymer can be studied by x-ray diffraction permitting the evaluation of several structural parameters. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper discusses the need to adopt a national language in Nigeria as a factor for enhancing national development. It argues that the multiplicity of languages in Nigeria presents immense difficulties in using communication to help bring about positive change in all spheres of the country's national life. Since language is inextricably tied to a people's culture, for any language of communication to be used meaningfully for Nigeria's national development, it must be accepted and understood by a majority of the citizens. The paper bases its suggestions for the management of this volatile issue on the diffusion of innovation paradigm and the language experiments of some developed countries of the world. It concludes that the multiplicity of languages in Nigeria has been a disincentive for the country's development. The paper offers a number of options that can be considered in adopting a national language for the country. Consequently, the paper posits that the English language should continue to be the language for communication and business in Nigeria, for the fact that it has the greatest geographical spread around the globe than any language, and also because technological inventions in the area of mass communication are a great obstacle to adopting any of the nation's indigenous languages. There is no substitute to the use of English language as a medium of development communication in Nigeria. Keyword: Language, Communication, Development


ABSTRACT A simple process by slurry bed and π-complexation adsorbent was developed for separation of propylene/propane mixtures. The adsorbent, Cu(I) immobilized active carbon (AC), was prepared by the in-situ reduction of Cu(CH3COO)2. The adsorption amount of propylene and selectivity was 35.1 mL/g and 1.57, 30.4 mL/g and 1.45 for Cu(CH3COO)2-AC-N2 (calcined in N2 atmosphere) and Cu(CH3COO)2-AC-Air, respectively. Compared with AC, the BET surface area decreased, while the average pore diameter increased. It suggested that the metal salt deposited at the entrance of pores, blocking part of pores. According to the results from IR, XRD and TPR, Cu2O was the main copper species on the surface of the solid adsorbent.


--This study aims to determine the implementation of Paralympic sports achievement coaching which is carried out independently in the preparation for Peparnas Papua in 2021. This research is an evaluative study with the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the West Java NPCI athletes had a fairly good quality. Trainers at NPCI West Java have qualifications as licensed trainers. The organization of the West Java NPCI has been carried out quite well. The facilities and infrastructure in supporting the implementation of the NPCI West Java platda have quite good criteria. The funding of the West Java NPCI platda has been included in the category good enough for athletes and coaches and intensive bonuses for athletes and coaches. The selection of West Java NPCI athletes has been carried out quite well. The West Java NPCI training program is currently carried out quite well through the suitability of the planning program with the implementation and suitability of independent training. The evaluation of the West Java NPCI platda is carried out by the trainer at the end or after each exercise and runs smoothly. Keywords---achievement development, evaluation, paralympic sports, platda, product.


This article shows how the biomedical conception of obesity and the preventive proposals that have been institutionally produced in Spain during the last decade have helped to turn the body weight and food into a social problem. The experts' definition relating to the main causes of increase in body fat provide paramount information on the concept of so-called obesogenic societies and their lifestyles. Normally, the means adopted to change lifestyles focus primarily on individual responsibility and nutritional educations. This article demonstrates that even though there is unanimity in the diagnosis, it is insufficient or not accurate enough, as it should enclose more detail about the consequences of changing eating habits, and how these influence the health of different social groups. An analysis of the initiatives and prevention programs developed in several countries may favor the standardization of international strategies against the obesity epidemic and serves to reflect on the effects of establishing a limited concept of culture and food.


Construction requirements represent the key preconditions for construction. These include topological precedence, key resources, space requirements, etc. Consequently, identifying them is necessary for feasible construction planning to be achieved. Despite this, little attention has been given to the impact of construction requirements on a project schedule, possibly because of the lack of a good tool for representing these requirements. This paper distinguishes construction requirements into static and dynamic types, according to changes in the need of the requirement during its life cycle. A modeling framework, PDM++, is then proposed. The framework deals with schedule constraints arising from both static and dynamic construction requirements, provides greater semantic expression to capture schedule constraints unambiguously, and facilitates the representation of interdependent conditional relationships. The concept of meta-intervals is also devised to represent complex requirements involving several activities and schedule constraints, and it facilitates modeling at higher levels of plan abstractions. Finally, an illustrative case study is presented to show the applicability of PDM++ in representing schedule constraints and alternative scheduling from a construction requirements perspective.


The curvature of flat line is analytically determined as speed of variation of trigonometric functions of angle of tangent towards a line along axes of orthogonal coordinates. With new formulas of curvature the task of search of line in prescribed function of curvature is formulated by linear differential equations of first order, and has a simple and informative routine of solution. The efficiency of the new formulas of curvature is shown on examples of definition of curve of elastic bars in bending.


This article first describes the Model Deployment Initiative (MDI) program, designed by the U.S. Department of Transportation to showcase the potential of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and lead the national deployment of intelligent transportation infrastructure. It then describes the four projects which received MDI awards in October 1996: Phoenix, Arizona for AZTech, an Advanced Traveler Information System ( ATIS) program; Seattle, Washington for the TimeSaver Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) project; San Antonio, Texas for the TransGuide ATMS project; and, the New York metropolitan region for the TRANSCOM Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS).


SINCE THE EMERGENCE OF MEXICO'S HOMOSEXUAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN THE late 1970s, LGBT activists have worked to transform a cultural politics of national identity that rested discursively on patriarchal constructs of heterosexism, machismo, and rigid binaries of gender and sexuality. In Art and Social Movements: Cultural Politics in Mexico and Aztlan (McCaughan 2012), I make the case that artists associated with Mexican and Chicanx social movements from the late 1960s through the early 1990s created visual languages and spaces through which activists could imagine and perform new collective identities and forms of meaningful citizenship. In this article, I extend that analysis through an examination of the role of art and artists in Mexico's gay movement. The first time I began to understand more fully the extraordinary potential of publicly displayed art to disrupt and queer notions of what it means to be Mexican was in 1999, when I visited the annual exhibition of LGBT-themed art at the Museo Universitario del Chopo in Mexico City. As I moved through the museum's vast galleries, I was confronted with dozens of images produced by gay, lesbian, and allied artists that seemed intent on creating a queer Mexican imaginary. Carlos Jaurena's mixed media assemblage, Los Compadres, for example, included two erect penises intertwined with a tricolor ribbon (Mexico's red, white, and green). Gustavo Monroy's oil and collage Mapa mundi was a map of Mexico populated by indigenous couples engaged in sex. Araceli Perez Mendoza's oil on canvas, !Cacto so good!," offered a nude female in lotus meditation position; her vagina was a green nopal cactus paddle. Salvador Salazar's piece was an oil portrait of a nude, muscular Subcomandante Marcos, the well-known spokesperson of the Zapatista indigenous movement. Salazar's Marcos holds a machine gun aloft with his right hand and a huge Mexican flag in his left. Many of the individual works in the exhibition were engaging, but the cumulative power of this visual intervention was greatly magnified for me by the large number of queerly Mexican images on display in a prominent public venue visited by thousands of people. This article examines how visual art works such as these, produced in the context of Mexico's LGBT movements, helped to shape new discourses and imagine new subjects constituted around the intersections of gender, sexuality, and national identity. The significance of the creation, circulation, and impact of such imagery must be understood in the context of the gradual but uneven, fragile, and still incomplete democratization of Mexico--particularly Mexico City--that began in the 1970s with the opening of the press, the electoral system, and autonomous spaces for organized civil society. Since 1987, a major exhibition of artwork by gays, lesbians, and allied supporters has been mounted each year at the Museo del Chopo, as part of an annual LGBT pride celebration that, in the assessment of the late Carlos Monsivais (1997,13), "constituted for civil society critical proof of the way in which alternative spaces have contributed to the diversity and the democratization of Mexican life." Since 1997, Mexico City has been governed by a center-left party that, under organized pressure from LGBT and feminist activists, legalized same-sex marriage and abortion. I argue that artwork created in the generative environment of Mexico's LGBT movements contributed to these cultural and political sea changes by producing new visual discourses that allowed diverse publics to recognize, understand, respect, and inhabit gendered and sexual identities that were previously excluded from hegemonic notions of what it means to be Mexican. Art and the Construction of Mexicanidad In his writings about cinema and photography of the African diaspora, cultural sociologist Stuart Hall (2001, 560) argued that cultural identity is "always constituted within, not outside representation. …


Summary from only given. We investigate such holographic wavelength filters in Fe- and Cu-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides. LiNbO/sub 3/:Fe and LiNbO/sub 3/:Cu crystals are sensitive to light in the visible green or blue wavelength region, but show only little effects in the red or near infrared spectral region. Especially in the 1.3 /spl mu/m and 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength band of optical communications no photorefractive effects have been observed for common continuous wave intensities. Permanent refractive-index gratings are generated by thermal fixing of holograms using two beam interference of an argon ion laser.


There are various angles one can view the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine and the entire civilized world from: political, historical, economic and other, yet it can also be considered in a much larger framework – mental and cultural. This aspect is the least discussed in the scientific circles; however, it is impossible to understand the essence of geopolitical processes disregarding the given segment of the modern world picture. This paper deals with an analysis of the worldview model of an average citizen of the Russian Federation, and they account for about 80 percent of the ethno-demographic array; it also extrapolates intellectual reflections to the European socio-cultural space. The research revolves around such basic impact factors as language, communication, media space, and society. The whole century of constant information interventions, methodically carried out by the political and propaganda industry from the territory of Russia, resulted in the appearance of a specific mental and worldview space. Its common representative's mentality and reality perception characteristically is invariably clouded by the following elements: the lack of trust to any other nation (we talk about cultural phenomena here), groundless self-admiration, understanding of personal helplessness, irresponsibility, following a totalitarian leader and his utopian ideas. In this realm, one can find an explanation for the low ethical level and lack conscience of the common citizen of the Russian Federation, his petty worldview, cruelty and antagonism towards the Ukrainian people. All the social-mental characteristics of the Russian nation serve to prove the deep crisis of the spiritual sphere and the agony of the "Russian world" as such. Its desperate lunges towards independent Ukraine, other post-Soviet republics, and the civilized world in general are in fact a manifestation of collective mental disorders, they contain metastases aimed at fairly marginalized segments of the Eurasian reality and make up a recurring phenomenon.
In his research, the author relies on the interfield material in social sciences and humanities, on the analysis of communicative behavior of political leaders and representatives of the cultural and scientific elite of modern Russia, on media products of propaganda channels, on the content of social networks, etc. The article introduces the typology of the main characterological features of the modern Russia mental space.


Objective This study is an attempt to explore the curative effects of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1(AT1) receptor blocker candesartan on hepatic fibrosis induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in rats and to observe candesartan' impacts on ACE2.Methods Forty-two Wistar rats was randomly divided into three groups:control group(n=12),Model group(n=15) and treatment group(n=15).Except rats in control group,all were given intraperitoneal injections of 40 % CCl4,and from the first day of the intraperitoneal injection,rats in treatment groups were given candesartan for 8 weeks by gastric gavage.The liver tissues were obtaind from the control group,the model group and the candesartan treated group in different period respectively.Histopathological study of liver tissue was done with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Masson trichrome staining.The expressions of ACE2 in different groups were measured by S-ABC immunohistochemistry,Blood samples were taken for detecting alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Results Experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by CCl4 was established.The expressions of ACE2 in liver tissues increased with the development of hepatic fibrosis(P0.05),while candesartan induced ACE2 expression in hepatic fibrosis rats(P0.05).Candesartan significantly attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis,reduced portal pressure(P0.05) and reduced ALT level(P0.05).Conclusion The expressions of ACE2 in liver tissue increase with the development of hepatic fibrosis,and candesartan elevated ACE2 expression in hepatic fibrosis in rats,which might inhibit the liver fibrosis.


After the decimation of the urban fabric resulting from the 1963 earthquake, Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, became a center of town planning and architectural activity. The aftermath response was unprecedented, with eighty-five countries offering aid and thirty-five nations raising Skopje to a priority status within the United Nations (UN). The acclaimed Japanese architect, Kenzo Tange, was awarded first prize in the subsequent UN competition for the reconstruction master plan and was asked to work with the second prize winners, Zagreb firm Miscevic and Wenzler. The design and rebuilding produced one of the greatest collaborative and visionary realizations of a complete city concept undertaken in history. Yet, the significance of Skopje's reconstruction has slipped from architectural consciousness. "Actor network theory" (ANT) offers insights into the social dynamics of large-scale projects and provides a lens by which to investigate five features of the reconstruction of Skopje: (1) the social process, including problematization, interessement, enrollment, and mobilization; (2) the key participants; (3) the project scale; (4) artifacts; and (5) project duration. ANT proves to be a useful tool for understanding both the heroic achievement and the subsequent neglect of Skopje reconstructed.


We have shown previously that extracellular ATP and bradykinin can stimulate the release of mucin from cultured human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells (NCI-H292) (Kusano et al 1997). Using this same cell culture system, we studied the mechanism by which this ATP- and bradykinin-induced mucin release occurs.

We found that the mucin secretory response to ATP was not significantly affected by extracellular Ca2+ depletion, but the response to bradykinin was significantly inhibited by Ca2+-free medium. ATP and bradykinin increased the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i); the ATP-stimulated response was not affected by extracellular Ca2+ depletion, the bradykinin-stimulated response was prevented in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. ATP and bradykinin enhanced the accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate in NCI-H292 cells and pretreatment with pertussis toxin blocked the increase in mucin secretion induced by extracellular ATP or bradykinin.

These results suggest that extracellular ATP and bradykinin stimulate mucin release from NCI-H292 cells by a signal transduction that seems to involve ATP- or bradykinin-activated receptors associated with phospholipase C via pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins. These findings may suggest a new direction of research into the regulation of airway mucin secretion.


Fuel savings, environmental impact abatement and money savings are major factors any consumer should consider when installing new equipment. Increase in natural gas price and home budget expenses for space heating and water heating generated a need for replacement of old gas-firing equipment with low energy efficiency with modern technologies. Such replacements demand investments. The present paper gives energy, economic and environmental analysis aimed at justifying installation and utilisation of modern gas systems by their energy efficiency. This is the way towards energy conservation, environmental protection, preservation of comfortable living style, and money saving despite the investment into the new equipment. Energy analysis is based on efficiency of natural gas use in different heating equipment. The energy balance renders a quantitative analysis of flue gases emitted from natural gas consumption processes, while cost-efficiency analysis is based on different prices and annual natural gas consumption.


I used observational data from natural encounters with predators and the controlled presentation of aerial and terrestrial predator alarm calls to assess the hypothesis that these acoustically discernable calls trigger contextand predator-appropriate behaviour in freeranging vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). my results, from two study groups in South Africa, show that the modal natural and experimental response was not to initiate escape behaviour, either immediately or in the 10s following an alarm call, but to look at the sound source. When monkeys did take evasive action, which occurred no more frequently than doing nothing at all, contextuallyinappropriate behaviour (i.e., behaviour that was not appropriate for evading the specific predator type) was as likely to occur as contextually-appropriate behaviour. I also found that the distance at which calls were heard was negatively correlated with the probability of some form of evasive action. I suggest that the large size of our groups, and the consequently greater mean distance at which natural calls were heard, may explain why our animals displayed low levels of active response and less predator-appropriate evasion or vigilance than expected, given previous work on this species (Seyfarth et al. 1980. Science, 210, 801-803). As the frequency and rapidity with which respondents looked towards the loudspeaker confirmed the general salience of the calls, I conclude that the broader social and ecological framework in which calls occur, rather than a simple contextually regular linkage between call types and specific predators, shapes animals responses to calls in this species.


. Seven patients with cystinuria have been treated with D-penicillamine for 4–52 months. Excretion of free cystine in urine has been quantified regularly by ion-exchange chromatography. A specially short programme on an automatic amino acid analyser has been developed for this purpose. The chelating properties of D-penicillamine are responsible for loss of trace metals, and therefore zinc and copper in urine and zinc and ceruloplasmin in plasma were measured. Thus the dose of D-penicillamine can be reduced and trace metals can be substituted if there is any tendency to depletion. These corrections will presumably eliminate some of the drawbacks in D-penicillamine treatment of cystinuria.


We have applied LDPC codes into our coaxial recording system, and revealed its fundamental characteristics. In addition, by applying the E(16, 3, 8) code and optimizing optical conditions, we have successfully improved the recording density, achieving the raw data density of 415 Gbit/in.2.


Preservation Throughout our time in architecture school, countless hours are spent studying sustainability and environmentally friendly design. The concern will always be that these are just studies, not real life situations, and many constraints and issues can be ignored in academia. Studio culture does, however, provide a test bed for new ideas in sustainability, first realizing that it is not something that can be invented overnight but instead is born from the marriage of tradition and convention and blended with modernity. These are important issues in reducing waste on the front end of a design, not in the final stages. Bean counting such as LEED© does not lead to green design, but rather sustainability must be considered holistically from the beginning in dimensioning, material selection, and construction method. The 2007 Solar Decathlon provided an excellent case study to test this idea of sustainability through integration into studio culture, and the marriage of conventional and modern methods. Solar Decathlon, an international university competition for sustainable homes powered completely by the sun. The Solar Decathlon provides an opportunity for students to design and build an 800 square foot self-sustaining house reconstruct and exhibit their homes on the National Mall over a period of three weeks. The thesis premise: use LEAFHouse to demonstrate that, through multidisciplinary design, a more responsible and sustainable architecture can be produced. LEAFHouse demonstrates the following five principles that, in combination with each other, work as a framework that guided the project from start to finish, and that illustrate the thesis premise brought to conclusion. 1. Use nature as inspiration and mentor. a. The leaf as nature's ultimate solar collector. b. Touching lightly on the earth. 2. Demonstrate practicality of solar technology. a. Using innovative and time tested active and passive technologies. b. Ease of integration with conventional technologies. 3. Change the design and build process. a. Interdisciplinary design – architecture, engineering, communications, economics, chemistry, and finance students. b. Intergenerational design – working with faculty, industry professionals and mentors. 4. Address the Chesapeake Bay Watershed issues. a. Erosion/Water Pollution – Green Wall, Grey Water Garden b. Humidity – Liquid Desiccant Wall 5. Raise awareness about practical solutions and environment stewardship. a. Integrate signage and communications materials into house experience. b. Public tours and presentations. iii This document has been prepared as a record for the work and accomplishments of the 2007 University of Maryland Solar Decathlon Team and fulfills …


In this work, the main variables involved in one-line shoreline evolution models have been identified and typical values for them have been found for different zones of the Catalan Coast. These values have been employed in a shoreline evolution model. The model has been calibrated in several points of the Catalan Coast, adjusting the free parameters in a longshore sediment transport formula. Taking into account the quality of the results, the model seems to be an efficient tool for medium term coastal engineering purposes.


The research status of hydraulic fracturing in core of earth-rockfill dam is briefly reviewed,and the mechanisms,the conditions, numerical simulation and the influence factors of hydraulic fracturing are induced,so as to solve the hydraulic fracturing problem of the earth-rockfill dam.


UHV transmission and transformation projects in China are developing rapidly. However, the construction of UHV transmission and transformation projects has damaged the natural environment along the way, and soil erosion has intensified. The development of water and soil conservation monitoring system in China is slow, and it is urgent to develop fast and reliable water and soil conservation monitoring. In this paper, a real-time online monitoring system for water and soil conservation is designed. The system consists of hardware, cloud and software. The hardware part uses field layout 9 fiber monitoring data and data transmission. The cloud part uses online cloud center to store soil and water conservation monitoring data. The software part is used to receive cloud information and facilitate data processing. To achieve long-term, real-time UHV transmission and transformation project construction site environmental impact, environmental restoration of soil erosion status accurate, rapid and reliable monitoring. The system is now used in soil and water conservation monitoring of Baihetan-Jiangsu ± 800 kV UHV transmission and transformation project to monitor local soil erosion. Through data analysis, the system meets the needs of on-line monitoring of soil and water conservation in UHV transmission and transformation projects. The results can provide reference for the application of other UHV soil and water conservation monitoring systems.


OVERVIEW The Medical Event Reporting System for Transfusion Medicine (MERS-TM) was developed at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 1995 through a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. MERS-TM collects, classifies, and analyzes events that potentially could compromise the safety of transfused blood in order to facilitate system improvement. This system is designed to collect data on near misses as well as actual events. Near-miss events are a valuable source of data because they occur more frequently than, but share many characteristics and causes of, actual events. Further, while most current reporting efforts describe only what has occurred, with little attention to what caused the event, MERS includes a standardized method of causal analysis. The standardization provided by MERS allows users to compare their experience with that of other organizations, which speeds learning across the entire transfusion medicine community. Several methods have been suggested to curtail medical error frequency and severity. These methods include error reporting systems (including root cause analysis), creating a 'safety culture', inter-institutional sharing of strategies to reduce the frequency of errors, regular error-related feedback to front-line staff, and changes to hospital policies and procedures. Traditionally, errors were managed by blaming and counseling employees, re-training them, and then adding more procedures, checks, and balances to an already cumbersome process. This traditional punitive culture provides incentives for employees to hide their mistakes, thus preventing identification of the underlying system defects. Humans will inevitably and predictably make mistakes, and therefore calculated system changes and barriers must be implemented to protect patients and employees from the consequences of these errors. MERS-TM was designed with distinct, yet overlapping functional components: detection, selection, investigation, description & classification, computation, and interpretation. These components are described in detail below.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: plug connector module (1) is provided for electrical contact with the mounting frame. The housing forming the plug connector module (1) is made of metal and can be connected to the mounting frame by means of fasteners by a mechanical and electrically conductive connection. The module has a housing which is made of electrically conductive material and is in electrically conductive contact with the contact element (3). EFFECT: increased reliability of contacting the electrical contact element with the mounting frame. 14 cl, 6 dwg


The component sugars of the mucus-polysaccharide from the external mucous substance of loach was reported in the previous paper1): mucus-polysaccharide acid hydrolyzate was separated into three fractions based on Rf values by paper chromatography, and the component sugars was identified. In the present paper, the hydrolyzate was divided into neutral, basic and acidic fractions by using ion-exchange resins (Fig. 1), and the component sugars in each fraction were analyzed qualitatively. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In the neutral fraction, ribose, galactose and glucose were identified. Although the presence of arabinose was reported in the previous papery1), this sugar could not be detected clearly (Fig. 2). 2) In the basic fraction, glucosamine and galactosamine were identified indirectly as ara binose and lyxose, respectively, after degradation of the fraction with ninhydrin. 3) In the acidic fraction, a hexuronic acid was detected by the WILLIAMS'S method (Fig. 3). The acid seemed to be glucuronic acid, as judged from the DISCHE's reaction (Fig. 4).


In the present study, the potential of tempol has been examined as a neuroprotective agent against the toxicity of the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in aged rat. Literature is silent about it. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with tempol and subsequently administered the neurotoxin 6-OHDA into the aged rat striatum. Various behavior and immunohistochemical tests were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tempol. Significant difference in various groups was found (ANOVA, p<0.001) in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, staircase test success rate & disengage time and (ANOVA, p<0.05) in stepping test, initiation time & postural balance test. On the basis of immunohistochemical changes, the present study concludes that tempol is an effective neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA induced aged rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Aged rats showed less neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons loss than young rats


A spectral feature selection algorithm (MMI-DEFS) based on multivariate mutual information and differential evolution is proposed for the problem of spectral feature selection in hyperspectral remote sensing images. The new fitness function is used to measure the amount of information that the selected features can provide more accurately by constructing an adaptation function that combines conditional mutual information and multivariate mutual information, and it is concluded that the new fitness function is used as the evaluation criterion of the differential evolution algorithm for the spectral feature selection of hyperspectral remote sensing images. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective in the selection of spectral features for hyperspectral remote sensing images. The proposed algorithm can be better applied to the research fields of spectral feature selection of hyperspectral remote sensing images such as environmental monitoring, target identification and town planning, reflecting its important practical value.


Background: Mental retardation represents one of the many aspects that characterise every syndrome which falls within the field of intellectual disabilities. Disability affects the subject's life with physical "wounds", and also with psychic suffering due to trauma.Objective: When the deep mental retardation affects the subject's symbolization ability, the psychoanalytic music therapy treatment can rebuild it through improvisation, focusing on the development of the intersubjectivity of the patient. In other cases, the treatment has the aim to read the "inner world" of the patient, with the purpose of processing the trauma resulting from her or his disability.Methods: In intellectual disabilities, each level of problem has its different musical expression, depending on the psychic structure of the patient. These different musical expressions need an appropriate use of clinical improvisation.Discussion: During the presentation, videos taken from music therapy sessions with patients suffering from different...


Estimates of aeolian sand transport generally use an average wind speed to assess the wind energy. To determine if variation in small-scale wind gustiness (on the order of several seconds duration) has a significant effect on sand movement, detailed field measurements were made of wind speed and transport rate. Average wind speed and several gust parameters were derived from the wind data. The results indicate that small-scale gust information does not improve prediction of transport rates.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether lncRNA H19 can regulate NF1 expression through competitive binding to microRNA-107, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Expression levels of H19 and NF1 in NSCLC tissues, paracancerous tissues and NSCLC cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The binding condition of microRNA-107, H19 and NF1 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Corresponding lentiviruses of H19 were constructed. The regulatory effects of H19 on proliferative and migratory abilities of A549 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Rescue experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory interaction between H19 and microRNA-107 in A549 cells.

RESULTS
H19 and NF1 were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines (A549 and HCC823) than those of controls. Overexpressed H19 increased proliferative and migratory abilities of A549 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that H19 regulates NF1 expression through competitive binding to microRNA-107, thereafter participating in NSCLC development.

CONCLUSIONS
H19 is highly expressed in NSCLC, which promotes NSCLC development by regulating NF1 via competitive binding to microRNA-107.


IR imaging guidance, as one of the accuracy guidance techniques,was discussed. Four kinds of IR imaging guidance countermeasure technique were presented and analyzed. Developing trends in this field were prospected.


Translating or rotating an input image should not affect the results of many computer vision tasks. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are already translation equivariant: input image translations produce proportionate feature map translations. This is not the case for rotations. Global rotation equivariance is typically sought through data augmentation, but patch-wise equivariance is more difficult. We present Harmonic Networks or H-Nets, a CNN exhibiting equivariance to patch-wise translation and 360-rotation. We achieve this by replacing regular CNN filters with circular harmonics, returning a maximal response and orientation for every receptive field patch. H-Nets use a rich, parameter-efficient and fixed computational complexity representation, and we show that deep feature maps within the network encode complicated rotational invariants. We demonstrate that our layers are general enough to be used in conjunction with the latest architectures and techniques, such as deep supervision and batch normalization. We also achieve state-of-the-art classification on rotated-MNIST, and competitive results on other benchmark challenges.


Energy Consumption is one of the best ways to give emphasis for all nations. It has a great influence to save energy with the continuous stability, growth and development of certain country basis for strong foundations with the establishments of business, market, sales, production and other related aspect of transforming and using energy consumption deals with compassion of nonstop growing economy. Through this, electricity give light the whole nation because of the hightechnologically advance formulas of feasible machines, gadgets and etc. that we are using. Electricity empowers the economic growth and sustainability to stand alone. But on the other hand, too much consumptions of energy were observed throughout the nations. With this, Generating Walkergy Supplement in storing energy in the battery would be a way of energy consumption with the help of Piezoelectricity and Piezoelectric Effect. Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to mechanical stress that resulting from pressure. It is an ancient source of electrical charge. On the other hand, piezoelectric effect is the linear electromechanical interaction between electrical and other mechanical state in crystalline materials. The piezoelectric effect is a reversible process which deformed even slightly, the material will produce electricity and vice versa. If electricity is allocated on the material exhibiting piezoelectric characteristics, the material will be deformed. In line with this study, it will serve as basis for energy consumption of the nation that reliably useful for sustaining economy as a part of integral use of energy.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-largest cancer in the world and has the second-highest mortality rate, characterized by poor prognosis and high metastasis. The early symptoms of CRC are mostly inconspicuous and it is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages. Nearly half of the patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are inoperable and have high chances of recurrence and metastasis. Combination therapy with cetuximab and chemotherapy is considered the first-line treatment for mCRC. In patients with Kirsten RAt Sarcoma wild-type mCRC, re-challenge and maintenance therapy with cetuximab was found to be beneficial. However, the disease progression is inevitable. This paper discusses three different cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the colon and rectum treated with the re-introduction and re-challenge of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy. The treatment was found to be effective in treating mCRC in later lines of therapy where treatment options are scarce.


In this report we consider identi(cid:2)cation of linear time(cid:3)invariant (cid:2)(cid:3) nite dimensional systems using state(cid:3)space models(cid:4) We introduce a new model structure which is fully parametrized(cid:5) i(cid:2)e(cid:2) all matrices are (cid:2)lled with parameters(cid:4) All multivariable systems of a given order can be described within this model structure and thus relieve us from all the internal structural issues otherwise inherent in the multivariable state space identi(cid:2)cation problem(cid:4) The models are obtained with an identi(cid:2)cation algorithm by minimizing a regularized prediction error criterion(cid:4) Some analysis is pursued which shows that the proposed model structure retains the statistical properties of the standard iden(cid:3) ti(cid:2)able model structures(cid:4) We prove(cid:5) under some mild assumptions(cid:5) that the proposed identi(cid:2)cation algorithm locally converges to the set of true systems(cid:4) Inclusion of an additional step in the algorithm gives convergence to a balanced realization of the true system(cid:4) Some re(cid:3) sults on the analysis of the sensitivity of the transfer function with respect to the parameters for a given realization are reviewed(cid:5) which show that balanced realizations have low sensitivity(cid:4) We show that for one particular choice of regularization the obtained model is in a norm minimal realization(cid:4)


The first chapter opens with a challenge that any serious monist must face, one that Spinoza himself raised: how can a monist account for the world's apparent diversity? It argues that Spinoza faces an especially sharp version of this long-standing question of the One and The Many, given his commitments to both maximal ontological parsimony and plenitude. After discussing the details of these ontological commitments, it is suggested that they ultimately stem not from the Principle of Sufficient Reason but from Spinoza's account of metaphysical perfection, one that is similar to views held by the young Leibniz and, surprisingly enough, contemporary metaphysician Jonathan Schaffer.


The main purpose of this thesis is to extend the theoretical knowledge on the relationship between the financial and the real sectors. Specifically, we investigate how the allocation of capital affects the dynamics of macroeconomic cycles and the long-term growth rate. Indeed, given the position of financial intermediaries between the demand and the supply of loanable funds, banks can change the market equilibrium influencing the choices of households and firms. Moreover, also the competitive pressure arising from incumbent institutions can play a major role in the definition of the final outcome.
First, we develop a computational agent-based model, where the channeling of funds from savers to investors occurring through intermediaries is affected by information frictions. Since banks compete in both the deposit and the loan markets, the whole dynamics is driven by endogenous fluctuations in the size of the intermediaries balance sheet. Accordingly, the introduction of an interbank market, reducing the pressure on the liability side of banks' balance sheets, improves the performance of the system. However, the result depends on the topology of the network. Indeed, the functioning of a highly centralized financial system relies on the current state of the hub and vice-versa.
Lastly, we develop a simple general equilibrium model to study the effects of financialization on aggregate growth and systemic risk. The main driver of this process is the bargaining power of intermediaries. Indeed, financial institutions, by absorbing a larger quota of income from entrepreneurs, can reduce the incentive for new firms to enter the market. As a result, both the long-term potential growth rate and the overall stability of the system can be negatively affected by an overdeveloped financial sector.


Previous reports from this laboratory have demonstrated the prominent role of aldosterone in the renal tubular transport of Na+ in the newborn. The current studies concern the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the urinary excretion of K+ (UkV). Mongrel puppies of either sex, 1 or 6-weeks old (n=6 in each group) were anesthetized and infused with increasing amounts of aldosterone. Measurements of PAC were done by radioimmunoassay, whereas serum and urine K+ were measured by flame photometry. As expected, a direct relationship obtained between PAC, which varied between 19.1 ± 2.8 and 465.0 ± 37.5 ng/dl in the newborn and 5.0 ± 0.3 and 317.3 ± 36.1 ng/dl in the mature animals, and UkV. However, the slope of the regression line describing the behavior ot the older animals (y=5.97 ± .02, r2=.83) was significantly steeper (p<.01) than the slope of the regression line depicting this relationship in newborn puppies (y=1.75 + .0001x, r2=.42). On the other hand, there was no difference (p > .3) between the slopes of the regression lines describing the relationship between PAC and UNa V in the 1 week 2(y=2.00 - .003x, r2=.65) and the 6-week-old animals (y=3.76 - .004x, r2=.44). Thus, aldosterone affects to a larger extent Na+ reabsorption than K+ excretion during early life. The ensuing retention of both electrolytes should contribute to the positive external balance characteristic of growth.


The community policing focuses on close collaboration with the community and addressing community problems. The community policing spotlight the police being proactive in delivering the services and having increased interface of police with community. It is a bridge between police and common man. Police administration, in any country can fulfill its duties successfully only with the assistance of the people and healthy relationship between police and public can be helpful in controlling the crime and make the society fear free. Public support is required for prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of cases, and also for maintaining peace during all important social, cultural, economic and political events. Police-public relations remain sensitive and complex because of constantly changing interactions among representatives of the police organization and an assortment of governmental agencies, public groups, and private individuals representing a wide range of competing and often conflicting interests. Police need the assistance of the public as witnesses, informers and supporters. In community policing, police generate the consciousness among the public to help them in case of need. The purpose to serve the public, to understand the problems of public and a commitment to public for their security lead to healthy police-public relations. The paper is an attempt to assess the community policing initiatives in the Solon Police District of the State of Himachal Pradesh.


Project management peculiarities of information security system (ISS) in structural subdivisions of State Emergency Service of Ukraine reduced to considering few contradictory criteria of their effectiveness are analyzed. As a result, multi-objective problem of optimal variant search should be solved. The easiest method of receiving indicator values of implementation project full assessment of ISS into structural subdivisions of SES of Ukraine is criteria linear convolution via weighted coefficients of each of them, the values of which are determined on basis of expert opinions.


Social cash transfers are increasingly recognized as an effective instrument in the reduction of poverty. The objective of the present study is to model the introduction of basic social cash transfer programmes on household welfare, poverty incidence and depth in two African countries: Senegal and Tanzania. Based on household budget survey data, a set of social cash transfers were modelled in terms of their impact on poverty reduction. In addition, a rough cost estimate of the simulated transfers is provided.


Beam stability is a major concern for the operation of the Taiwan Photon Source. One of the many factors to instability of electron beam is mechanical vibration of the accelerator components. The TPS uses steel girders to support the magnets and vacuum chambers in the storage ring. Three pedestal and six mover assemblies support the girders. Multi-stage adjustable shock absorbers are designed for passive vibration damping, and presently installed between the girders and the pedestals. Through adjusting the amount of hydraulic fluid which bypasses the damping passage between two hydraulic chambers, the desired damping coefficient of the damping absorbers can be achieved. Experimental results of modal testing presented in this paper show that the multi-stage adjustable damping absorbers under the assembly of the girders reduced the level of girder vibration.


Abstract The attenuation of the maximum shear wave for strong ground displacements in large earthquakes (5.4 < Mw <7.2)ia was studied from a seismological viewpoint. Smooth regression curves of attenuation were statistically fitted to measurements made personally on each seismogram. The curves were computed for two different geological classifications of the recording location (rock or soil), and two different fault mechanisms of the seismic source (strike-slip or reverse-fault). The sample consisted of eight strike-slip and four reverse-fault mechanism earthquakes with 237 soil and 92 rock peak ground displacement measurements. The peak ground-motion displacements were measured from the S body-wave portion of the seismograms (frequencies between 0.2 and 1 Hz) after discrimination of the seismic wave types. The peak displacement from any surface wave train was not considered in this analysis. An attenuation distance Hanp was used as the distance from the recording station to the location on the fault plan...


Phonon spectra of LaRu2Al10 and CeRu2Al10 have been studied by Raman scattering from 3.4K to 300K. Polarization dependence at room temperature gives the precise mode assignment for the sake of first principles calculation results. The measured Raman spectra are well explained by the space group Cmcm and there is no remarkable difference between LaRu2Al10 and CeRu2Al10. Since we observed no anomaly at T0 = 27K in CeRu2Al10, the lattice distortion due to the structural transition has not been detected. From the temperature dependence of the vibrational frequency of Ce and La, their vibrational amplitude is not large in CeRu2Al10 and LaRu2Al10, that is, close to harmonic case.


The most frequent type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HCC is not the most frequent cancer, it is characterized by high mortality – the 5-year survival rate is 6,9%. In recent decades there was only one molecule available in treatment (sorafenib). However, in the past few years there have been advances in treatment. Nowadays, new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, check point inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis drugs are available. All those studies were analyzed outcome in context of monotherapy or combined therapies. In this review we made an attempt to compare results from different studies. Even though, many studies are undergoing final stages of clinical trials, it seems that combined therapies should be the next step in treatment advances.


Pun is a specific figure of speech generally seen in both the English and Chinese languages.Examples for authors to make good use of it defy enumeration.all providing satisfactory artistic effects.Owing to the striking contrast of the phonetic and semantic systems between the two languages,however the mutual translatability usually can't be completely guaranteed.And hence comes the present paper to discuss this phenomenon and to teproduce its original artistic achievements in the target language.


This paper is concerned with person parameter estimation in the binary Rasch model. The loss of efficiency of a pseudo, quasi, or composite likelihood approach investigated. By means of a Monte Carlo study, two quasi likelihood estimators are compared to two well-established maximum likelihood approaches, one of which being a weighted likelihood procedure. The results show that the observed values of the root mean squared error are practically equivalent for the compared estimators in the case of a sufficiently large number of items.


How can we support group collaboration about designing human and social change? This paper reports three years of blending laboratory at university course about pedagogic models for educational planning and it especially explores about methodology, tools, participants, activities and assessment, with regard to group-based collaborative writing set in a specially made web environment.


A combination of accident and design has produced a transnational strategic studies community which has only the most casual acquaintance with strategic thought and action prior to 1945. In this article it is argued both that the continuities in international politics and strategy, preand post-1945, are far more important than are the discontinuities, and that therefore the disciplined study of pre-nuclear ideas and events could and should much improve our understanding of the structure of current and anticipated security problems. The identity of the political players changes, as do the characteristics of particular weapons, but such policy problem categories as the utility of force for the support of foreign policy, alliance management, the conduct of an arms race, the prosecution of limited war, arms control negotiations, and the accomodation of new weapon technologies, all have long pre-nuclear histories. Nuclear-age strategic theory has suffered severely from shallowness of its empirical base. Relatively few strategists today deny, in principle, the salience of pre-1945 thought and practice. But, historical consciousness of more than a very cosmetic variety continues to be the rare exception in contemporary strategic and arms control analysis. It is , of course, somewhat contrary to the American "style" which continues overwhelmingly to be pragmatic and optimistic in character, to suggest that the practice of bad old "power politics" may be traced back as far as human literary and archaeological records extend-the past and the present essentially are one in terms of statecraft. An historical memory that stops at a postulated great divide in 1945 encourages aspirations for "new eras" and the like. Since the past provides the only evidence upon which theories may be constructed, the time is long overdue for strategists and arms controllers (if these be separate categories) to seek out the relevant past in a systematic fashion for the purposes of policy-science today. (This is not to deny the value of historical enquiry pursued for its own sake; the trouble tends to be that historical research for its own sake requires a massive effort of translation before its findings are organized in ways at all useful for those facing contemporary policy problems.)


Research on emotion recognition has recently started to gain increased attention. Inner emotions or thought activity can be determined by analyzing facial expression, behavioral responses, audio, and physiological signals. Facial expression is now recognized as an important form of non-verbal interaction. In this paper, emotion-specific activation maps were constructed to establish infrared thermal facial image sequences as an alternative approach to the determination of the correlation between emotional triggers and changes in facial temperature. During the testing process, data stored in the International Affective Picture System were used to create emotional clips that triggered three different types of emotion in the subjects, and their infrared thermal facial image sequences were simultaneously recorded. For processing, an image calibration protocol was first employed to reduce the variance produced by irregular micro-shifts in the faces of the subjects, followed by independent component analysis and statistical analysis protocols to create the facial emotional activation maps. The test results showed that the problem of selecting local regions when analyzing frame temperature had been resolved. The emotion-specific facial activation maps provide visualized results that facilitate the observation and understanding of information.


Two general assessments of black economic progress prevail in the United States today. Prominent economic studies emphasize a converging trend in the earnings of blacks and of whites. Among these studies, Richard Freeman's description of a "virtual collapse in traditional discriminatory patterns in the labor market" makes the point most sharply. James Smith and Finis Welch, although more cautious, reach a similar conclusion." The assessment of more popular writers is, paradoxically, more complex. It holds that there is a growing split within the black community, with some blacks making significant gains while other blacks are becoming progressively worse off. Some writers view the split in terms of labor supply. They interpret the data as reflecting a growing black middle class


Abstract Different extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fractions, including supernatant, slime, loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), have different binding characteristics to sludge flocs and thus different influences on sludge dewaterability and effluent quality. In this study, EPS removal and readdition tests as well as a flocculating test of kaolin clay solution were conducted to explore their binding characteristics. Results showed that removal of different EPS fractions from sludge flocs resulted in a decrease of particle size and an increase in zeta potential; readdition of supernatant and slime fractions to sludge flocs restored the particle size and zeta potential to their initial status, however, readdition of LB-EPS and TB-EPS fractions to sludge flocs did not allow particle size and zeta potential to return to the initial level. Similarly, variations of sludge dewaterability also followed similar trends. Extracellular polymers in the supernatant and slime fractions we...


The new bifunctional phosphoranimino phosphane ligand Me 3 SiN=PPh 2 CH 2 PPh 2 and its arsane analogue Me 3 SiN=PPh 2 CH 2 CH 2 AsPh 2 react with Me 3 SiOReO 3 to form metallacycles


In this paper we compare conventional and imaging reflectometry systems by means of numerical simulation. A corrugated wheel is used as an approximation of the reflections by real plasma fluctuations. Our simulations prove that in the case of conventional reflectometry the correlations between the phase fluctuations of the received signal and the shape of the wheel decrease with an increase in distance from the target to the antenna, while the two-lenses imaging system shows high correlations far from the target.


Copyright©www.gmpsop.com. All rights reserved Unauthorized copying, publishing, transmission and distribution of any part of the content by electronic means are strictly prohibited. Page 2 of 8 should be performed relative to commitments and descriptions of the process in the regulatory filing. Subsequent to this determination, the potential impact of the reprocessing or re-work step(s) on the quality of the final API should be identified. Additional evaluation may be needed to determine if validation of the re-work or reprocessing step is required. Not all re-works will necessarily require validation (e.g. re-work of non-critical, non-registered intermediate process step), but they do require consideration of validation.


lihen accelerated protons, deuteronsjl and alpha particles of the order of 100 Mev energy strike thin aluminum foils ( 0, 25 ~ o: 5 mil).:~ sizable . percentages of the Na24 formed are ejected by the recoil process. In the higher energy range the percentage of Na24 e,jected from the foil decreases with increase in energy of the incident particle, This behavior is first shown semiquantitatively to be a consequence of constant nuclear excitation in contrast to compound nucleus formation" Calculations are made for the expected loss of Na24 assuming compound nucleus formation along with randomly distributed ejection of particles in the production of Na24 and the agreement is found satisfact~ry for 70 Mev protons and 80 Mev alpha particles but not for higher energies, Calculations are also made for the case of constant nuclear excitation with the incident particle of degraded energy leaving in the forward direction and satisfactory agreement with the experimental values are found here over the er>_tire energy range studied, ,,_ "Now at the Institute for Nuclear Studies~ The University of Chicagojl Chicago.:~ Illinois,


The species and application common colored-leaf trees in Xuchang were investigated.The classification of olored-leaf trees,and the configuration and principles in garden landscape design were described.The countermeasures and suggestions of the application of c olored-leaf trees were put forward.


The FAA established the Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) with a primary goal of allowing airlines to develop true proficiency-based training programs. Here proficiency is defined by an explicit set of performance objectives that are systematically developed and then continuously validated throughout the collection and evaluation of empirical data. Data management (collection and analysis) is, therefore, an integral part of AQP. To succeed, there must also be a process for demonstrating the reliability of these data. The present study was specifically conducted to assess the reliability of methods used by a particular fleet within a major carrier. More generally, the study may serve as an example, demonstrating a process or set of procedures that may be used for assessing the reliability of Instructor/Evaluators (I/E) scoring of grade sheets used for evaluating a flight crew's performance during an LOE.


7 Chapter 1 8 9 What Is Photosynthesis? — A Broader and an Inclusive View 10 11 12 Lars Olof Björn1, Dmitry Shevela2,* and Govindjee Govindjee3,† 13 1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 14 2Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 15 3Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center of 16 Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana17 Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 18 19 Abstract 20 21 In general, the word "Photosynthesis" is considered synonymous 22 with "Oxygenic Photosynthesis," a process by which 23 cyanobacteria, algae, aquatic, and terrestrial plants produce 24 oxygen and carbohydrates, using light (photons), water and carbon 25 dioxide. Further, we have (i) "Anoxygenic Bacterial 26 Photosynthesis," where oxygen is not evolved, but a substrate, 27 other than water, is oxidized; and (ii) "Rhodopsintype" systems, 28 where ATP is produced. In principle, one could expand the 29 concept of the term 'photosynthesis', provided appropriate caveats 30 are added, to include light-driven assimilation of molecular 31 nitrogen, photoproduction of molecular hydrogen, and even 32 synthesis of vitamin D in skin. We conclude with a glimpse of the 33 rapidly developing field of artificial photosynthesis. 34 35


Poland plans to increase its output of hard coal to between 205,000,000 and 210,000,000 tons by 1980. To achieve this target, it will be necessary to adopt highly advanced mechanization and automation techniques, and to maximize transport capacity on main haulage levels. Increasing the concentration of coal production imposes severe demands on haulage systems, particularly on existing haulage levels. To overcome this, a highly automated transport system has been developed. A decision was made to plan and purchase in 1974 an automatic horizontal haulage system for the 720-meter level in the Staszic mine near Katowice. The introduction of the system had the following objectives: Increase haulage capacity; reduce work force; and improve safety. The automation system comprises: Remote control of loading; unloading of the trains; and automatic train control on the line between the loading stations and the unloading station. When this two-stage development is completed, three remote-controlled trains will move 10,000 tons of coal every 14 hours.


TABLE OF - PART I: MANAGING THE VITAL FEW 1 Why Focused Quality Management? Where TQM Falls Short The Way It Is A Maze of Frustration The Way It Should Be PART II: FOCUSED QUALITY MANAGEMENT: A FRAMEWORK FOR SUCCESS 2 Prepare: Laying the Foundation Organize a Quality Leadership Team Envision the Organization Assess the Organization The Process Assessment 3 Plan: Focusing Process Improvements 4 Deploy: Making Process Improvements Happen Charter the Improvement Teams Improve the Process Test the Improvements 5 Deploy: Making Organizational Improvements Happen Training: A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste Reward and Recognition: Credit Where Credit Is Due Measurement: If You Can't Measure It, You Can't Manage It 100 Communication: The Message Is the Medium 102 In Conclusion 104 6 Transition: Making It Stick Introduction Applying Advanced Tools and Techniques Employee Empowerment Toward Process Empowerment Alignment and Reassessment PART III: LEADING THE CHANGE 7 Leading the Charge Leadership Commitment and Vision Individual Resistance and Skills Development Incentives Resources Action Planning 8 Is the Organization Ready? Does the Organization Have a Vision? Have the Mission and Values of the Organization Been Developed and Clearly Communicated? Has an Organizational Assessment Been Done? Have Strategic Business Goals Been Identified? Have the Key Business Processes Been Identified? How Do Key Business Processes Affect Critical Success Factors? Have the Capability Gaps Been Identified? Do Employees Want to Do a Good Job? Do They Have What They Need to Do So? Is Quality Rewarded? Is the Organization Focused? Is the Organization Ready? 9 When Things Go Wrong The Whole Is Greater than the Sum of the Parts Has the Vision Been Communicated? Do Employees Have All the Skills They Need? Have People Been Given Incentives to Succeed? Do People Have Adequate Resources? Has the Organization Planned for Success? Are You Focused to Succeed? APPENDICES A Quick Quality Survey B Critical Success Factor/Key Process Matrix C Evolution of Quality Management Nineteenth-Century Industrialism Twentieth-Century Humanism The Emergence of TQM INDEX


The hydraulic conductance of maize root system was measured using a pressure chamber with consecutive ascending and descending pressure.The results showed that both water and hydraulic conductivity measured under descending pressure is remarkably greater than that under ascending pressure.But the former offset is smaller that of the later.The possible cause,based on composite transport model of the root,is that the water content in intercelluar spaces increased with increasing hydrostatic potential between root surface and xylem and hence increased apoplastic water flow and root hydraulic conductivity.This colud reflect an adaptive mechanism beneficial to water recovery for plant after a period of strong transpiration.


The GREAT observations need frequency-selective calibration across the passband for the residual atmospheric opacity at flight altitude. At these altitudes the atmospheric opacity has both narrow and broad spectral features. To determine the atmospheric transmission at high spectral resolution, GREAT compares the observed atmospheric emission with atmospheric model predictions, and therefore depends on the validity of the atmospheric models. We discuss the problems identified in this comparison with respect to the observed data and the models, and describe the strategy used to calibrate the science data from GREAT/SOFIA during the first observing periods.


In the last several years,significant progress has been achieved in malaria vaccine research and development.The completion of phase Ⅲ clinical trial of the RTS,S,a most advanced vaccine candidate,makes us believing that the first licensed malaria vaccine is within reach.However,developing more effective malaria vaccines to control or even eliminate malaria parasites is still a hard and challenging work.In this article,the recent advance of some malaria vaccine candidates in research and development was reviewed and discussed.

Key words:
Malaria;  Plasmodium;  Vaccine


When a dispute arises out of cross-border transactions, two pressing questions also arise: what is the most favourable choice of law; and what is the most favourable choice of forum? This article focuses on the latter consideration in examining jurisdiction clauses in common law systems, particularly from a New Zealand perspective. As befits their name, jurisdiction clauses have a procedural (and associated substantive) impact on both the existence and exercise of jurisdiction. Yet an analysis of the current treatment of jurisdiction clauses reveals that the actual impact of the jurisdiction clause is troublingly inconsistent and falls short of its theoretical value. This paper seeks to restore the value of such clauses by reframing them according to contractual rights; revising the discretionary tests used in respect of such clauses; and extending the commendable trans-Tasman scheme through the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements to implement these reforms and more. Ultimately, the reforms advanced in this article should restore a valuable cost and risk-allocating clause to the disposal of businesses and individuals in New Zealand and beyond.


Through the environmental impact evaluation for coalmine construction projects and the survey of key coalmines, the inherent pollution mechanism of shallow mining underground water is revealed. It shows that the subsidence of ground caused by mining is the key factor; the depth of underground water and the stability of water-separating layer is the objective conditions; that the underground water becomes ground water is the fundamental cause, which changes the existing form of water and causes water prone to pollution. Aiming at the problems of underground water protection, concrete measures are put forth, such as strengthening the environment management of mine region, timely refilling settlement crater, taking good use of shallow underground water and lowering the level of underground water by man. If the above measures are taken simultaneously with the coalmine construction project, the safety of underground water and environment protection in coalmine region will be achieved.


Zinc phosphate (Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) is used as corrosive inhibitor for metal coating industrial. Increasing temperature or acid exposure can lead zinc phosphate to decomposition chemical reaction to form products such as phosphorus oxide, zinc oxide and phosphene. This case report described a 44-year-old male patient, who had chemical and thermal burn wound involved 90% of body surface area from an accident of falling into a high temperature tank of zinc phosphate. He was treated by initial decontamination before referred to the hospital. There was inadequate of decontamination description record, important information for the patient who had an accident of chemical substance exposure. Furthermore, the health care worker at emergency room, who did not use personal protective equipment, was reported of irritation symptom in. Key words: Zinc phosphate, Burn, Accident


AbstractA seven-year-old bioretention cell in Silver Spring, Maryland was surveyed for vegetation and media characteristics 11 months after last maintenance. Volunteer plants constituted more than half of the cell vegetation. Eutrochium dubium (Joe Pye weed) had the most coverage of all plant species at 43%. Average longest root length for the three examined species was 29.1 cm, and was not statistically different among the species. E. dubium had the thickest roots, with its thickest root diameter averaging 2.2 cm, and an extensive root structure. E. dubium also had the tallest above-ground biomass, averaging 88.7 cm. Spatial Mehlich 3 phosphorus profiles indicated P accumulation in the top 6 cm of media and decreasing P concentrations with depth. No indication of breakthrough in regard to P saturation was found. Based on the findings of this study, E. dubium is recommended for bioretention vegetation due to its survivorship and root structure. Additionally, the high percentage of volunteer species sugges...


The overall purpose of the thesis is to explore the meaning of professionalism and independence for the individuals within the audit arena. Professionalism is defined as the occupational values tha ...


Objective To explore the clinical examination in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease in clinical application. Methods Eighty six cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease in our hospital in January 2010 to March 2012, including cervical and peritoneal fluid of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and chlamydia. Results This study in 86 patients with clinical examination revealed cervical secretion specimens from a total of 52 cases, including aerobic bacteria culture positive for 39 patients, the positive rate was 75.0%, original specimens from 34 patients, 14 cases were positive, the positive rate was 41.2%; in peritoneal fluid bacterial culture aerobe positive rate was 66.2%. Conclusion Clinical examination is very important value and significance in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.


In order to achieve large-scale Trojan control in an effective way, a Trojan control model based on layered and P2P structure has been proposed in this paper. According to our model a hundred thousand magnitude Trojan server could be under control. This model could adjust the number of Trojan dynamically by revising the layer number. In addition, the load balancing of severs have been realized by peer-to-peer network which could control large scale Trojan within an acceptable range of system resources consumption. In the end, a prototype system has been established to prove the model validation. The experiment results have shown that the large-scale Trojan control model is effective and powerful.


Discusses the weight update rule in the cascade correlation neural net learning algorithm. The weight update rule implements gradient descent optimization of the correlation between a new hidden unit's output and the previous network's error. The author presents a derivation of the gradient of the correlation function and shows that his resulting weight update rule results in slightly faster training. The author also shows that the new rule is mathematically equivalent to the one presented in the original cascade correlation paper and discusses numerical issues underlying the difference in performance. Since a derivation of the cascade correlation weight update rule was not published, this paper should be useful to those who wish to understand the rule.


CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have possible applications in agriculture as micronutrient sources, pesticides, and enhancers of crop stress tolerance. Here, three aspects of CuO NP agricultural applications are studied: 1) CuO-induced lignification, or formation of the structural polymer lignin, in wheat; 2) CuO NP-induced drought tolerance of wheat seedlings; and 3) the effects of CuO NPs on outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), a plant-health promoting bacterium. Wheat seedlings exhibited increased lignification in sclerenchyma cells, considered the strengthening cells of the plant. This increased lignification correlated with increases in the tensile strength and toughness of the wheat shoots, measured with tensile testing. CuO NP-induced lignification may be employed to prevent lodging, when crops irreversibly fall over, and reduce pathogen invasion.


To reduce earthquake damage in the future, it is very important that each of us take proper countermeasures on our own initiative. After the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, strengthening houses and attachment of furniture to prevent its overturning were identified as the main issues. Reportedly, these problems have not been properly addressed yet. One of the principal causes for this is that many people do not have disaster prevention consciousness and ability to prepare against earthquakes. In this study, we aim at improving the people's capacity to imagine disasters so that they implement specific disaster countermeasures. At first, we analyze the effect of furniture overturning prevention devices and evaluate its efficiency through shaking table tests. The effectiveness of the devices is discussed based on the ground motion intensity which they can withstand, their installation easiness, whether their performance depends on external factors such as wall and floor characteristics, and so on. Then, we try to promote people's danger and risk awareness by showing animations obtained by numerical simulations of furniture's dynamic behavior when an earthquake occurs, especially focusing on a particular house space, the living room. For this purpose, advanced visualization software is used so that people can feel as if they were at their own rooms during a shake. Finally, we promote people's recognition of disaster countermeasures by discussing the furniture overturning ratio decline when prevention devices are installed.


The author examines the interrelationships between economic development in Latin America and demographic factors, with particular reference to the spatial distribution of population. Eight alternative hypotheses are examined, including consideration of whether population growth, international trade and competition, and urbanization hinder or encourage the development process.


High entropy alloys belongs to quite novel materials that are attracting far more attention throughout the entire materials research. They are characterized by wide range of unique properties e.q. ultra-high strength while maintaining its ductility, good corrosion resistance, wear resistance, thermal stability, magnetic properties and many others. Generally, they are composed at least by five elements with nearly eqiatomic compositions that are further characterized by high mixing entropy allowing only formation of solid solutions. The investigated CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy processes combining the mechanical alloying with hightech compaction via spark plasma sintering. The microstructure of prepared compact alloy was examined by the optical microscopy and electron scanning microscopy with EDS detector. The chemical and phase composition was determined by the results of the XRF analysis and by X-ray diffraction analysis. Prepared alloy reached ultrahigh compressive yield strength of 1570 MPa and hardness 352 HV 30 outperforming the cast alloy with identical chemical composition that reached only 230 MPa and 120 HV 30, respectively.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper was exploring and comparing different deterioration models based on statistical and machine learning approaches. These models were chosen from their successful results in other case studies. The deterioration models were developing considering two scenarios: (i) only the age as covariate (Scenario 1); and (ii) the age together with other available sewer characteristics as covariates (Scenario 2). Both were evaluated to achieve two different management objectives related to the prediction of the critical condition of sewers: at the network and the sewer levels.

Design/methodology/approach
Six statistical and machine learning methods [logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), multinomial logistic regression, ordinal logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine] were explored considering two kinds of predictor variables (independent variables in the model). The main propose of these models was predicting the structural condition at network and pipe level evaluated from deviation analysis and performance curve techniques. Further, the deterioration models were exploring for two case studies: the sewer systems of Bogota and Medellin. These case studies were considered because of both counts with their own assessment standards and low inspection rate.

Findings
The results indicate that LR models for both case studies show higher prediction capacity under Scenario 1 (considering only the age) for the management objective related to the network, such as annual budget plans; and RF shows the highest success percentage of sewers in critical condition (sewer level) considering Scenario 2 for both case studies.

Practical implications
There is not a deterioration method whose predictions are adaptable for achieving different management objectives; it is important to explore different approaches to find which one could support a sewer asset management objective for a specific case study.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper consists of there is not a paper in which the prediction of several statistical and machine learning-based deterioration models has been compared for case studies with different local assessment standard. The above to find which is adaptable for each one and which model is adaptable for each management objective.


One hundred and twenty inpatients were prospectively studied to assess whether axillary and forehead temperatures accurately reflect the rectal temperature (the criterion standard). There were 20 patients in each of six age groups: < 1 month, 1 to 5 months, 6 to 11 months, 12 to 23 months, 2 to 14 years, and adults. The rectal temperature was measured at a depth of 2 cm in neonates, 3 cm in infants, and 4 cm in older patients by means of an electronic thermometer for 1 minute. Axillary temperatures were taken first with an electronic thermometer for 1 minute; then, these temperatures were taken with a glass thermometer for 2 minutes, in the same axilla. The forehead skin temperature was taken with 3 different strips held


The relative non-covalent binding behavior of two small molecule ligands to the tetrameric protein streptavidin was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). An extended m/z range quadrupole mass spectrometer was employed to observe the intact multimeric form of the protein and to probe the relative stabilities of the tetrameric protein- ligand complexes in the gas phase. Various protein:ligand molar ratio concentrations and incubation times were studied for the ligands biotin (Kd ≈ 10−15 M) and iminobiotin (Kd ≈ 10−7 M), in combination with the adjustment of variables in the ESI atmosphere-vacuum interface region. Positive-ion ESI-MS of a 1:7 molar ratio streptvidin–biotin sample produced peaks corresponding to the intact tetrameric complex (16+ to 14+ charge states) with four ligands binding to the active from of the protein. Only the expected specific non-covalent complexes of four ligand molecules binding to the protein tetramer were detected, consistent with known solution behavior and without the appearance of any random aggregation. However, under identical interface conditions, complete iminobiotin binding to the protein was not observed, even when higher ligand concentrations, longer complexation times and gentler interface conditions were employed. The thermally induced dissociation (TID) of the non-covalent complexes was studied by applying more severe conditions in the ESI interface region. In addition, observation of an intact streptavidin–biotinylated oligonucleotide non-covalent complex (17– to 14– tetrameric charge states) by negative-ion ESI-MS at m/z 4500–5000 is presented. The results show that the complexes observed in the mass spectrometer are representative of those that exist in solution, under the ESI conditions employed, and that the ability to observe such complexes is at least qualitatively related to stability in solution.


The paper examines the antecedents and consequences of the voluntary adoption of corporate governance reform in firms embedded in a relationship-based governance system with less protection of minority shareholders. In such locations, ownership structure should be a key determinant of governance reform. Firms with dispersed ownership are likely to face agency problems but may lack sufficient ownership power in the hand of external owners for adoption to occur. Extensive ownership by external parties facilitates adoption but decreases the need and motivation to adopt governance reform. We examined the adoption of stock-based incentive plans and transparent accounting regulations (e.g., greater disclosure to shareholders) among large German firms (DAX 100) during the late 1990s. We found an inverse 'U'-shaped relationship between ownership concentration and governance reform. In addition, we found that firms adopting governance reform were more likely to engage in corporate divestitures and achieve higher levels of market performance than firms not adopting governance reform. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


16 People's perceptions about the frequency of attributes in their social networks sometimes show false consensus, or overestimation 17 of the frequency of own attributes, and sometimes false uniqueness, or underestimation of the frequency. Here we show that 18 both perception biases can emerge solely from the structural properties of social networks. Using a generative network model, 19 we show analytically that perception biases depend on the level of homophily and its asymmetric nature, as well as on the 20 size of minority group. Model predictions correspond to empirical data from a cross-cultural survey study and to numerical 21 calculations on six real-world networks. We also show in what circumstances individuals can reduce their biases by relying on 22 perceptions of their neighbors. This study advances our understanding of the impact of network structure on perception biases 23 and offers a quantitative approach for addressing related issues in society. 24


Customers demand a guaranteed availability of machine components in capital goods industry. However, manufacturers are not willing to guarantee the demanded availability due to increasing costs based on high risks and uncertainties resulting from missing operational data, insufficient transparency of the machine condition as well as missing information of the customer behavior. In the following paper, a strategy to enable the development of availability-oriented Product-Service Systems (PSS) will be presented. Therefore, a use case focusing on the agricultural industry is regarded. Based on the use case, service-relevant parts will be identified and failure mechanisms of these parts will be determined. The subsequent development of condition monitoring strategies depend on the determined failure mechanisms. In a last step, the strategies will be assessed and the strategy with the highest added value will be chosen for an exemplary implementation, for which an electric motor and a conveyor belt of a potato harvester will be used.


The retention times of particulate digesta were measured in two captive dugongs, Dugong dugon (Muller 1776) using inert plastic markers. The mouth-to-anus retention times (146-166 h) were similar to those of the West Indian manatee, and much longer than those of most other herbivorous mammals. This slow gut passage rate may be explained by the dugong's long digestive tract, the low fibre level of the diet and the low food intake. Like the manatee, the dugong appears to have a digestive strategy that is atypical of hindgut fermenters: low-fibre material is retained for extended periods within the long hindgut and almost completely digested.


YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/-/sub x/ junctions and dc SQUIDs have been realized by employing 45/spl deg/ a-axis tilt grain boundaries through a fabrication procedure based on the biepitaxial technique. YBa/sub 2/Cu3O/sub 7-x/ grows mainly oriented [103] on SrTiO/sub 3/ and [001] on the MgO seed layer. A wide characterization of the tilt junctions and SQUID properties has been carried out. High values of the I/sub C/R/sub N/ quality factor and of the magnetic flux-to-voltage transfer parameter have been obtained, The observed phenomenology confirms differences from the one typical of 45/spl deg/ c-axis tilt grain boundary junctions and gives important information on the nature of the current steps appearing at finite voltages in the current-voltage characteristics. These devices could also have some impact on experiments designed to study the symmetry of the order parameter, exploiting their microstructure and anisotropic properties. A maximum speed of Josephson vortices as calculated from the voltage step values, of the order of 2 10/sup 6/ m/sec is obtained, which encourages high frequency applications.


By making use of the characteristics of involution planetary drive with small teeth difference, we design a multi-use transmitting device, which can be used to make non-circular curve The device is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and convenient to assemble and disassemble. Furthermore, iner-tia force is easily made to be in balance. It can be especially ap-plied to the multi-use machinery with high speed.


Persistent omphalomesenteric duct is a rare congenital anomaly and protrusion of the bowel through the duct is the only neonatal emergent clinical entity associated with this condition. The pathogenesis is the lack of intestinal involution by the ninth gestational week. There are several associated anomalies like intestinal malrotation, oesophageal atresia and omphalocele, which are all extremely rare (1-5). Herein, we present our case of successful surgical correction of this anomaly. A male baby was delivered by C/S in the 32nd gestational week due to foetal distress. Upon newborn examination, a bowel segment protruding from the caudal portion of a small omphalocele was detected. The distal part of the bowel seemed to be in a state of vascular compromise (red arrow, Figure 1). The anomaly initially looked like a ruptured omphalocele. Total blood count, biochemistry and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. Pulmonary hypertension was detected by echocardiography. Informed consent was obtained from the family. Emergent exploration was performed through the caudal portion of the omphalocele. Patent omphalomesenteric duct (yellow arrow, Figure 2) with prolapse of both proximal and distal segments of adjacent terminal ileum were noted. The bowel was reduced; resection of the patent omphalomesenteric duct and adjacent bowel with anastomosis and umbilicoplasty (Figure 3) was performed. Bowel exploration showed no Department of Pediatric Surgery, Near East University School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus Emil Mammadov


Susceptibility levels of whitebacked plathopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera Horvath) and brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stal) to 13 insecticides were monitored in laborato- ry by using standard topical application method. The monitoring results during 1987~1991 indicated: (1) Strains of WBPH and BPH were most susceptible to carbofuran, the lowest to malathion. The LD_(50)values fluctuated among years as the two kinds of hoppers were migrant pests. (2) The develop- ment of resistance in WBPH population was faster than that of in BPH population. Compared with LD_(50)values of some insecticides of Nagata (1967), WBPH (Zhejiang, 1990) had a 110.56-fold re- sistance to malathion, 48.90-fold to fenitrothion, and BPH had a 11.61-fold resistance to malathion, 6.11-fold to fenitrothion at the same monitoring method. (3) There was a negative rela- tion between resistance level of BPH population and the local chemical used. (4) There existed a wide variation of toxicity of the different insecticide varieties of the organophosphorous. The toxicity of monocrotophos was more than 10 times as high as that of malathion.


We study the effect of electrolyte concentration on the shape of ion current pulses in resistive-pulse sensing. We show that electrokinetic passage of several hundred nanometers in diameter charged polystyrene particles through a micropore leads to formation of current increase when the particles exit the pore. The particle entrance, as reported before, causes formation of the current decrease, which is a measure of the particle size. Formation of the double peak, i.e., current decrease followed by a current increase, is especially pronounced if the resistive-pulse experiments are carried out in KCl concentrations below 200 mM. In order to explain the pulse shape, experiments were designed in which the particles passed through the pore only by either electroosmosis or electrophoresis. The presented experiments and modeling indicate that while both electroosmosis and electrophoresis affect the ion current pulse, formation of the positive peak is mainly determined by the latter effect and the charged state ...


Abstract This study was carried out to investigate on the service delivery provided by the ADM in the Eastern Cape. The study aimed at investigating the service delivery provided by the ADM to the rural communities, and to identify the causes of failure facing the ADM in providing effective service delivery. The study used a review of documents for data collection in order to debate, criticize and discuss the various issues affecting the ADM from providing qualitative service delivery to their rural communities. The findings show that inadequate knowledge and unprofessional conduct of social development workers, especially in responding to the demand of the less privileged and inspiring the local economy are some of core factors hindering the rural development of ADM in providing qualitative service delivery to its communities. To achieve effective service delivery in this district, it is very important that the precise functions and tasks of various sectors that work together with local authorities are clearly explained and respected. The paper finally suggested that the ADM managers should improve their communication strategy that would provide quality service delivery to the communities, develop comprehensive and integrated public education and outreach programmes within their district of jurisdiction.


Synopsis. by Sumio Hirai Mituji Miyoshi When evaporation takes place isothermally in the saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride which contains other salt in addition to sodium chloride solution, the influences of salts upon linear and three dimentional growth velocity of sodium chloride seed are different. Some of them disturb crystal growth of sodium chloride, other accelerate it. we studied on this probleth at 1% addition of various sodium salt and we obtain the result the former are FsCO3= 1NO2SO3= HPO4= HCO3the latter are BrC204= PO4 SO4= H2PO4-. The order of these series exhibit the degree of their influences. Furthermore, we studied the influences of HC1 and NaOH at the various mol ratio between sodium chloride and excers CIor Na+ ion by addition of NaOH and HC1. Our experimental results showed that sodium chloride seed grows most rapidly at excess 10-a mol of them.


On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of incoming flow and sand,pattern of sediment deposition and feature of obstructing navigation of Chishui River,It's proposed that the width of the silting-up reach be restricted by means of regulating structures,reef explosion and dredging,which was proved from model test.