Abstract For two decades Copenhagen was a cultural powerhouse in European Enlightenment due to the so-called German Circle in Copenhagen (1750–1770) initiated by King Frederik V. and J. H. E. Bernstorff. The article examines the description of the German Circle in Danish literary history through three major phases: from early Enlightenment through the 19th Century and up until today's European and global histories. The historiographic survey shows a decreasing interest in representing this cultural and intellectual group as a centre of a European transfer between English, Scandinavian and German literature. Instead, attention is paid to Klopstock and Johannes Ewald as key figures in the transition to a modern poetry. In general, Danish literary histories display a fear of German cultural colonization and anxieties about the status of Danish as a minor language. In current historiography, the German Circle seems to have disappeared and might be at the brink of fading into cultural oblivion.


Of Plato's dialogs, only the Philebus takes as its direct aim the examination of pleasure's claim to be the human good. The Philebus culminates in the suggestions that the need for self-awareness or self-knowledge may finally be more fundamental to all human beings (and hence to hedonists) than is even the desire for pleasure, and that the experience of at least some pleasures constitutes a great obstacle to precisely the self-knowledge we seek. The Philebus is important today not only because it contains a searching analysis of hedonism but also because it compels us to raise the crucial question of the precise nature of "the good" with which we are justly most concerned — our own or that of others — a question whose centrality to self-knowledge we are in danger of forgetting. [R, abr.]


Nowadays, the transports vehicles are required improvement or alternative source for fuel requirement, because of fuel shortage and reducing the global warming. Due to this reason, the electrical vehicle is more concentrated now. The electrical vehicle reduces the carbon emission and reduces the global warming. The main drawback for electrical vehicle is charging time and battery size. To overcome this problem, we use nanomaterial using batteries (like Li-ion battery and Li-based batteries). The nanomaterial particles increase the performance and storage battery capacity and reduce the size of the batteries.


This study aims to analyze the organizational climate and job satisfaction in a supermarket. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research that consists of a survey study with the employees of the studied company. Data collection took place through on-the-spot interviews that raised questions about motivation, interests, satisfaction in the company and among other aspects. The results showed a considerably good degree of satisfaction, where many of the employees' expectations are met. In general, the study concludes that the organizational climate and satisfaction with the supermarket's work are adequate.


in this thesis, I inquired into some disputing questions about constitution of crime of abuse of authority. I delimitated the constitutions of the crime of subject subjectivity and object. I considered the subjects of the crime only include personnel of state organs that confirm to the system of penal law; according to theory legislation juridical practice, the subjectivity of the crime include indirect intent and frailty; malpractice for self-partiality is constitutional requirement of the crime and don't turn into other crime.


Background: We previously reported a significant association between higher UV radiation exposure before diagnosis and greater survival with melanoma in a population-based study in Connecticut. We sought to evaluate the hypothesis that sun exposure before diagnosis was associated with greater survival in a larger, international population-based study with more detailed exposure information. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, international population-based study in four countries—Australia, Italy, Canada, and the United States—with 3,578 cases of melanoma with an average of 7.4 years of follow-up. Measures of sun exposure included sunburn, intermittent exposure, hours of holiday sun exposure, hours of water-related outdoor activities, ambient ultraviolet B (280–320 nm) dose, histologic solar elastosis, and season of diagnosis. Results: Results were not strongly supportive of the earlier hypothesis. Having had any sunburn in 1 year within 10 years of diagnosis was inversely associated with survival; solar elastosis—a measure of lifetime cumulative exposure—was not. In addition, none of the intermittent exposure measures—water-related activities and sunny holidays—were associated with melanoma-specific survival. Estimated ambient UVB dose was not associated with survival. Conclusion: Although there was an apparent protective effect of sunburns within 10 years of diagnosis, there was only weak evidence in this large, international, population-based study of melanoma that sun exposure before diagnosis is associated with greater melanoma-specific survival. Impact: This study adds to the evidence that sun exposure before melanoma diagnosis has little effect on survival with melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2145–52. ©2014 AACR.


In this article, the preassigned-time stability (PATS) problems are considered for a class of discontinuous dynamic systems via differential inclusion. By using some particular functions, including hyperbolic-tangent function and logistic function, the novel PATS theorems are proposed by means of the Lyapunov method. Based on developed PATS theorems, the preassigned-time stabilization control is realized for fuzzy switched neural networks (FSNNs) by designing a suitable control scheme, where the stabilization time does not depend on any system parameters and initial values of FSNNs. Meanwhile, the simulation examples are provided to verify the main results.


The microdeformation characteristics of a new instrunent grade of beryllium 1-250 are presented and compared to previously available conunercial grades. The importance of iuicroyield strength to mirror stability under mechanical and inertial loads as well as under temperature excursions is discussed and related to the HCP crystal structure. It is concluded that 1-250 may provide significantly improved dimensional stability over 1-70 or 0-50. 1.


representation of crosslinking reaction (UV-curing reaction) Generation of microgels from polymerization initiation points Growth from microgel into macrogel Formation of crosslinked structure (cured material) Figure 2 Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) Alternating Current 50Hz or 60Hz


Objective: To describe the threats to forests and the repercussions that these imply for the maintenance and conservation of orchids in their natural habitat.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A comprehensive reference search on orchids and their habitats was performed. The physiological and morphological characteristics of orchids in Megamexico are described according to their life forms; additionally, the way in which these adaptations respond to the environment in which they thrive is explained. In this regard, threats to orchids and forests are listed. Therefore, emphasis is placed on the implications that habitat loss would have for the prevalence of many orchid species in this biogeographical region.
Results: The humid forests of the mountain ranges of Megamexico host an impressive orchid richness, where there are far more epiphytic life forms than terrestrial ones. However, these ecosystems face a major threat from anthropogenic activities. As a result of the constant threats faced by forests —such as deforestation, arsons, land use change, etc.—, epiphytic orchids are the most threatened species, due to the loss of their habitat and the ecological requirements they need to survive.
Study Limitations/Implications: This study describes the threats to many orchid species as a result of habitat loss and illegal looting.
Findings/Conclusions: Forest conservation is vital for orchid maintenance and conservation because genetic diversity and ecological interactions among orchid species and other organisms are maintained.


Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) displays anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective activities as evidenced by the inhibition of myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury and production of lipid peroxidation. H2S also exerts many physiological or pathological effects on livers. Therefore, we designed the present study to investigate the roles of H2S in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (HIR)–induced injury in rats by measuring H2S levels, H2S synthesizing activity, and cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. We also applied DL‐propargyl glycine (PAG) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) to investigate their effects on the severity of liver injury induced by HIR. The levels of H2S, H2S production activity, and CSE mRNA expression in livers were increased by HIR. Administration of NaHS significantly attenuated the severity of liver injury and inhibited the production of lipid peroxidation, serum inflammatory factors [including nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 10, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1], cell apoptosis, and apoptosis‐related proteins (including caspase‐3, Fas, Fas ligand, and TNF‐α), which were caused or elevated by HIR, whereas PAG aggravated them. However, NaHS or PAG did not show significant effects on the activation of caspase‐9, which was also increased by HIR. Although further investigation is required, this study may indicate that H2S plays a protective role in HIR‐induced injury. Liver Transpl 15:1306–1314, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.


An input unit 201, a signal indicative of registration of the selected monitoring items to be input in order to provide a working vehicle which can achieve the efficiency of the maintenance monitor device by reducing the airborne at the time of conducting the maintenance operation of the work vehicle a memory for registering the current detection and the contents of the display unit 202 to display and update in sequence, a signal indicative of a registered by the input unit 201, input monitor item of the selected monitoring items from the plurality of monitoring items related to the state ( 206) and, a memory 206, a case that the registered monitoring items, a controller (203) for displaying the current detection information of the registered items on the display monitor 202. the


Summary This article explores representations of time and temporality in two contemporary South African novels in order to examine the salience of the Derridian contretemps in relation to contemporary South African society. As defined by Jacques Derrida, the contretemps is an experience of time and space that is essentially "out of joint" and is often used to represent anomie in a particular context. My close-reading of Imraan Coovadia's High Low In-between (2009) and Marlene van Niekerk's Agaat (2006) thus reveals how the contretemps is employed to not only provide a sense of time gone awry, but also to outline how these narratives explore the contretemps as a potentially 'new' temporal modality for contemporary South Africa.


Computers are entering virtually every aspect of our lives. Two civil engineers are easing the way computers enter the life of the engineer. Charles Miller, president of CLM/Systems, Orlando, has developed, and continues to develop COGO (Coordinate geometry), the universal computer language of the civil engineer. James Lambert, founder of Artecon Systems, Inc., is bringing CADD into the world of artificial intelligence.


This work presents a novel approach for the realtime monitoring of a grape must fermentation process with a piezoelectric MEMS cantilever excited in the 4th order of the roof tile-shaped mode, demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of these resonators even in a continuous flow-through configuration. In order to contribute to the automation and progress of the winemaking industry, an AlN-based piezoelectric microresonator was designed and fabricated, serving as a density-viscosity sensor. The device features high quality factors (e.g. 140 in water at 560 kHz) and low motional resistance in liquid, allowing to discriminate variations in density or viscosity for in-line monitoring of a grape must fermentation, obtaining a remarkable resolution better than 0.02 mPa s and 1 mg/ml in viscosity and density, respectively.


The Shakespeare Institute and the University of
Alabama are working together on the preparation of a new edition of the works of Robert Greene, the need for which has long been recognised. As a contribution to the project, this dissertation presents Perymedes the blacksmith and Pandosto.


The invention provides a double protein pudding product, which comprises the following components by mass part: 2-5 parts of soybean protein, 3-8 parts of milk powder, 4-8 parts of sweetener, 0.4-0.8 parts of modified starch, 0.1-0.6 parts of food gum and 80-85 parts of water. According to the double protein pudding product, vegetable protein and animal protein are combined, the protein content is high, the tissue state is finer, and the double protein pudding product is a nutrition and health product. The double protein pudding product has reasonable distribution ratio, so that the pudding product has a semi-solidification type state, and has soft and fine mouthfeel, and just melts in the mouth, the double protein pudding product is different with the gel feeling of a traditional pudding product, and provides different desert experience to the consumer.


Purpose: Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product of the three-phase olive oil extraction process, displaying a serious environmental riskdue to its high content in organic constituents and phenolic compounds. This work was focused on the development of a high-rate thermophilic (55C) anaerobic digester, able toremove a high percentage ofthe OMW contained organic load by efficiently converting it to valuable biogas. Methods:The proposed bioreactor is an UpflowPacked Bed Reactor(UPBR) with recycling stream, filled with commercial biomass carriers appropriate for colonization by anaerobic consortia. A hydrodynamic study of the UPBR was performed under abiotic conditions, using NaF solution as tracer, in order to simulate its hydraulic behavior to idealtheoretical continuous reactor models. An anaerobic microbial inoculumwas acclimatized under thermophilic conditions in a draw-and-fill reactor operating at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days. The acclimated culturewas then filled into the UPBR reactorand its performance was tested against a feed with diluted (1:1) twice-centrifuged OMW under thermophilic conditions (55C). Results:The reactor's hydrodynamic characterization exhibited its CSTR operational tendency, except in the case of using packing material without recycling. During the acclimatization period a constant biogas production was observed. The acclimated culture was filled in the UPBRand thermophilic anaerobic treatment of diluted solids-free OMW was realized operating at HRT of 25 and 14 days. Conclusion:A UPBR reactor was hydrodynamically characterized and successfully operated with an acclimated anaerobic microbial culture under thermophilic conditions using a solids-free OMW feeding stream. The maximum measured CH4 production at the HRTs of 25d and 14d was 0.50 L/LR.d and 0.70 L/LR.drespectively.


Quasi-one-dimemional model diblock and triblock polymeric superlattices belonging to Type II- staggered have been investigated using Dean's negative factor counting method in tight binding approximation. For each system, the trends in electronic properties i.e., IP, EA and band gap, have been studied as a function of block size, composition, arrangement of blocks and type of polymer chain (periodic or aperiodic). The trends for triblock systems obtained have been compared with the corresponding trends for diblock copolymers. Increasing the block size of all the components is found to result in copolymers with band gap lower than that of the homopolymers. The electronic properties are found to lie intermediate of the electronic properties of the three components. The DOS curves of periodic copolymers consist of sharp peaks while those of aperiodic copolymers consist of broad regions of allowed energy states with fewer gaps in between.


Using the penalty finite element method with SUPG formulation,a channel flow of viscous incompressible fluid under different Reynold's numbers is simulated.The results of simulation agree well with that of the classical finite volume method.The numerical method used in this paper is proved to be feasible.


We construct a continuum of games on a countable set of players that does not possess a measurable equilibrium selection that satisfies a natural homogeneity property. The explicit nature of the construction yields counterexamples to the existence of equilibria in models with overlapping generations and in games with a continuum of players.


DL-lactic acid was grafted onto chitosan to produce poly(chitosan-g-DL-lactic acid)(PCLA) without using a catalyst. These PCLAs were then spun into filaments and further fabricated into fibrous mesh scaffolds using an improved wet-spinning technique. The diameter of filaments in different scaffolds could vary from a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers. The scaffolds exhibited various pore sizes ranging from about 20 µm to more than 200 µm and different porosities up to 80%. The several main processing conditions were optimized for obtaining the desired scaffolds with well-controlled structures. The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the mesh scaffolds in both dry and hydrated states were mainly examined. Significantly improved tensile strength and modulus, enhanced compressive modulus, and stress as well as the dimensional stability for these mesh scaffolds in their hydrated state were observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study is useful in knowing the influence of Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in employees. The population for this study is all workers of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XI are 173 people with a total of 63 respondents. This study uses quantitative methods carried out at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XI and used a technique for data collection by proportional random sampling. With the collection of data through observation, interviews and questionnaires. From the results of this study, it is found that if organizational culture has a positive and insignificant influence on OCB, it can be concluded that a high level of good organizational culture cannot increase the level of OCB. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant influence on OCB, it can be concluded that high organizational commitment can increase OCB well.


The utility model discloses an oil gas pre-separator which is arranged in an oil gas channel of a cylinder cover hood, the oil gas channel is enclosed by the cylinder cover hood and a breather cover plate, an oil cup is arranged on one side of the oil gas channel, a cyclone deflector is arranged in the oil cup, the oil gas is pre-separated in cyclone mode by the cyclone deflector, the other side of the oil gas channel is provided with a gas outlet pipe, and oil return elbows are arranged on the corresponding positions of the bottom of the breather cover plate and the gas outlet pipe. Labyrinth deflectors are arranged in the oil gas channel and between the cyclone defector and the gas outlet pipe, the labyrinth deflectors are arranged on both sides of the oil gas channel with interval so as to form the collision type pre-separation of oil gas in the channel. The oil gas pre-separator can effectively pre-separate the oil-containing component (oil drop) in gas, has compact and simple structure, and easy mounting.


Precise regulation of the formation, maintenance, and remodeling of the vasculature is required for normal development, tissue response to injury, and tumor progression. Recently,more and more researchers reported that the response of the vascular endothelium to angiogenic stimuli is modulated by noncoding RNAs called microRNAs. miR-126 is a key regulator of angiogenic signaling in endothelial cells and of vascular integrity in vivo. miR-126 promotes angiogenesis in response to angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), by repressing negative regulators of signal transduction pathways. Thus, targeting the expression of miR-126 may be a novel therapeutic approach for diseases involving excess or insufficient vasculature. These findings illustrate that a single miRNA can regulate vascular integrity and angiogenesis, providing a new target for modulating vascular formation and function. We will summarize the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of miR-126 regulate vascular.


Workplace Chemistry is an in-depth account of a seven-year case study of "ChemPro," the pseudonym for a mid-sized New England chemical manufacturing fi rm. In this case, "chemistry" not only refers to the plant's production activity but also serves as a running analogy to describe the interrelations of demographically diverse members of the organization, as well as the processes resulting from change efforts Bond and her colleagues set in motion: "The work is about introducing elements that, in interaction with one another, have the potential to synthesize into something new—and about understanding that the process by which the elements are combined will determine whether they will produce an explosion or will work together to yield something more creative" (p. 208). In keeping with the metaphor, Bond and her colleagues labeled the consulting project at ChemPro the "Workplace Chemistry Initiative." The purpose was to assist a willing organization with its mission of creating "a work environment at ChemPro where every individual regardless of race, gender, and/or disability can work at their best by creating a culture of fl exibility and sense of inclusion where all people feel wanted and appreciated" (p. 54).


Preservice elementary teachers' mathematical knowledge and beliefs about teaching and the learning of mathematics can be developed by focusing on how children learn and think about mathematics in content courses. This mathematical knowledge entails an understanding of the conceptual nature of procedures such as standard algorithms—understanding why they work, making sense of children's unique self generated algorithms for computation, and having the mathematical knowledge to explain procedures and concepts (Feikes & Schwingendorf, 2004). Teachers' beliefs about how children learn mathematics and how to teach children mathematics impacts teaching and might also be more fully developed by focusing on how children learn mathematics. A goal of the NSF supported (DUE 0341217) Connecting Mathematics for Elementary Teachers (CMET) project is to develop the beliefs and knowledge of preservice teachers in mathematics content courses. This approach is unique in that these are typically freshmen level mathematical content courses rather than professional development with practicing teachers (Hill, Rowan & Ball, 2005). CMET attempts to help preservice elementary teachers connect the mathematics they are learning in content courses with how children learn and think about mathematics thus tying research on children's learning of mathematics with practice. To this end, a supplement was developed that parallels the typical mathematics content course topics. The intent in helping preservice teachers make these types of connections is that they will both improve their own understanding of mathematics and eventually improve their future teaching of mathematics to children. The CMET materials primarily consist of descriptions, written for prospective elementary teachers, on how children think about, misunderstand, and come to understand mathematics. These descriptions are based on current research, and some of the connections include: how children come to know number, addition as a counting activity, and the importance of concept image in understanding geometry. Methods Evaluation of the CMET project is ongoing and considers multiple areas besides the focus of this paper including: teacher self-efficacy, teaching, and parents' use of these materials. For the study, 168 Likert survey questions were developed to correspond with the typical content in the mathematical content courses for elementary teachers. An analysis of the most popular textbooks for these courses was done to determine the content of CMET and the survey questions. The Likert questions were developed by two team members and two different members suggested revisions and verified the reversed worded questions. The control group


Simple Summary Tumor immune evasion is one of the hallmarks of tumor progression that enables tumor growth despite the activity of the host immune system. It is mediated by various types of cells. Recently, immature red blood cells called erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) were identified as regulators of the immune response in cancer. EPCs expand in cancer as a result of dysregulated erythropoiesis and potently suppress the immune response. Thus, targeting dysregulated EPC differentiation appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy. Abstract Cancer cells harness normal cells to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Within this complex network of interactions, the establishment and maintenance of immune evasion mechanisms are crucial for cancer progression. The escape from the immune surveillance results from multiple independent mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that besides well-described myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or regulatory T-cells (Tregs), erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response and tumor progression. EPCs are immature erythroid cells that differentiate into oxygen-transporting red blood cells. They expand in the extramedullary sites, including the spleen, as well as infiltrate tumors. EPCs in cancer produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and potently suppress T-cells. Thus, EPCs regulate antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial immunity, leading to immune suppression. Moreover, EPCs promote tumor growth by the secretion of growth factors, including artemin. The expansion of EPCs in cancer is an effect of the dysregulation of erythropoiesis, leading to the differentiation arrest and enrichment of early-stage EPCs. Therefore, anemia treatment, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and the promotion of EPC differentiation are promising strategies to reduce cancer-induced immunosuppression and the tumor-promoting effects of EPCs.


Pressure loss analysis in valve assemblies for steam turbines has always been one of the traditional issues in order to enhance the valve design to ensure safe operation, reasonable price, and, especially, reduce pressure losses hence increasing the whole turbine output. Besides, during the preliminary turbine design, the efficiency should be predicted as accurately as possible. For this reason, the results based on a comprehensive range of measurements and numerical simulations should be compared with a general flow theory in the valves. Although many results have already been presented, the theoretical analysis and its confrontation with experimental and numerical results in the form of total loss and flow contraction coefficients have not been presented so far. It is the primary motivation of this paper. The total loss coefficient in the valve is compared with the total loss coefficient in the diffuser with and without flow detachment. Differences are described in the form of loss increase coefficient in the valve. Furthermore, in order to describe the influence of wakes and flow field non-uniformity under the valve cone, the flow contraction coefficient is introduced. The analysis is carried out on the two most typical valve assemblies: an assembly with one control valve in the chamber and an assembly with two control valves in the chamber. Data were obtained from measurements on the valve model and numerical simulations. The measurements were carried out on a valve model installed in an in-draft wind tunnel for high speeds in the Aerodynamic laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The numerical simulations were carried out in the Doosan Skoda Power Company using a package of ANSYS software tools. Evaluated data complement each other. Generalized results allow us to easily predict mass flows and pressure losses and compare different valve designs from the efficiency point of view.


Meshless methods offer interesting properties for the simulation of bulk forming
processes. This research concerns the investigation of the stabilized conforming nodal integration scheme (SCNI) for use in metal-forming processes. Two tests are carried out. Firstly, the performance of SCNI is compared to a standard integration scheme. The performance seems problem specific. Secondly the footing of a piece of nearly incompressible material is used for testing the locking behavior of the method. No volumetric locking was found.


Abstract The ecumenical movement has produced many documents on issues of the environment and justice, but many churches do not know how to translate these documents into concrete actions. In this study I argue that social issues such as poverty and injustice cannot be separated from human responses toward the whole of creation. The ecumenical churches need to revitalise their mission and, as such, the churches need to revision their doctrines that centre on the human being by instead placing creation at the centre. Thus, nature is not just a background to the drama of redemption from sin, but that which God loves and preserves. This article elaborates this thesis in three main parts: the integrality of the problem of injustice and human responses toward all of creation, how churches should revision some major doctrines to be more sensitive to the environment, and how churches translate these documents into actions in their own contexts. ********** Recently, the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) and the American Academy of Religion (AAR) published a survey on why North Americans are conflicted about climate change, environmental policy, and science. (2) Surprisingly, not many take seriously the problem of climate change. According to the report, only five percent believe that climate change is the most pressing issue in the US today. This environmental issue ranks behind the lack of jobs (22%), the budget deficit (13%), immigration reform (10%), and the rising cost of education (9%). (3) Americans, however, are significantly more likely to believe that climate change will raise the issue of justice, especially for those people living in developing countries. The report notes that * Less than one-quarter (24%) of Americans believe that they will be harmed personally a great deal by climate change, while 30% say climate change will affect them a moderate amount. More than 4-in-10 Americans say climate change will have only a little (23%) or no impact (22%) on them personally. * One-third (33%) of Americans say the U.S. public overall will experience a great deal of harm due to climate change, while 35% say the U.S. public will experience a moderate amount of harm. Three-in-ten Americans say that climate change will impact people living in the U.S. only a little (18%) or not at all (12%). * A majority (54%) of Americans say that people living in developing countries will be harmed a great deal as a result of climate change, while 20% say they will experience a moderate amount of harm. Less than one-quarter of Americans believe that people living in developing countries will be affected only a little (10%) or not at all (12%) as a result of climate change. (4) In the 2014 AAR presidential address, Laurie Zoloth, who teaches bioethics at Northwestern University, called on her colleagues to plan a sabbatical year in which they will cancel one of such scholarly gatherings in the future: "I decided it was the core moral issue of our time," she said. Drawing from the Jewish tradition of smitha, meaning "release," she recalled that, for Jews, this is a time in which "all agricultural work stops, the fields are left fallow, and every living creature, animal, and person can eat from the field and vineyard and the wide open world, when the boundaries of ownership and possession are broken so that the poor can take what they need, when all debts are released." (5) For Jews, the 2014 Rosh Hashanah starts the period of a smitha year. In the next one, in 2021, Zoloth hopes that the world's largest association of scholars of religion will cancel all conferencing labours and stay at home, offering talks and food to the poor, or just planting an orchard. Global climate change is being taken seriously by religion scholars. This environmental problem has disclosed that the earth is in peril and global injustice is growing significantly. Scholars of religion believe that religious values can offer a solution to environmental concerns. …


A wavelength agile 900 nm 2.5 kW peak power fiber laser is created by four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF), while amplifying a 1300 nm Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. The FWM process is pumped by a home-built 1064 nm master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser and seeded by a home-built 1300 nm FDML laser, generating high power pulses at wavelengths, where amplification by active fiber media is difficult. The 900 nm pulses have a spectral linewidth of 70 pm, are tunable over 54 nm and have electronic pulse-to-pulse tuning capability. These pulses can be used for nonlinear imaging like two-photon or coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy (CARS) microscopy including spectro-temporal laser imaging by diffracted excitation (SLIDE) and time-encoded (Tico) stimulated Raman microscopy.


Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a relatively new data oriented approach to evaluate performance of a set of peer entities called decision-making units (DMUs) that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Within a relative limited period, DEA has been converted into a strong quantitative and analytical tool to measure and evaluate performance. In an article written by Toloo et al. (2009), they proposed a new DEA model to find the most efficient association rule in data mining. Considering several criteria, they created an algorithm for ranking association rules using this model. In the present article, we show that their model only selects an optimistic efficient association rule randomly and it is completely dependent on solution or software, which is used for solving problems. In addition, it shows that their proposed algorithm can only rank optimistic efficient rules randomly and it is not able to rank optimistic non-efficient DMUs. We mention other disadvantages and propose a new approach "DEA with double frontiers" to create a complete ranking of association rules. A numerical example will explain some contents of the paper.


In this study, the Korean traditional board game Yut, is considered. We clarify the definition of yut, object being cast, from investigating shapes of various types of yut. We survey some previous researches on probabilities for the board game Yut. To define goodness of yut, we define probabilistic order for Sawi and determine order of Sawi according to the probability of each yut. For the probability distribution of Sawi, Yut binomial distribution is defined and its mean and variance are calculated. We calculate the expected advancing distance of horse or mal for a player in each of her or his turn. Two indices are suggested for the goodness of yut and probabilities are found for good yut according to these indices and probabilistic order of Sawi. Here it is assumed that four yuts do not need to be all the same. Also some suggestions are given for the standardization of yut in terms of shape and probability.


The aspect of Russian is a clear grammatical category that is expressed in a binary formal opposition of the perfective and the imperfective. Nonetheless, within the aspectual system many blank phenomena take place that cannot be explained with a formal approach. This derives from the fact that the verbal aspect, which has the function to express the internal temporal structure of a situation, is the grammatical category that is closely associated with lexical meanings. This study is based on a lexical approach to the aspect by understanding what was traditionally regarded as an aspect in a narrow sense, namely as a grammatical aspect, and by understanding the aspect as a functional-semantic category, which includes all the linguistic means that are related to the expression of the internal temporal structure of a situation as an aspect, in a broad sense. On the basis of aspectual semantic features, all the various phenomena in the world are classified into four aspectual situations. The semantic features, which become the criteria of classification, are static-dynamic property, homogeneity-heterogeneity, momentary attribute, etc. According to these, an aspectual classification of concrete verbal lexemes has been tried, which can be the first objective of this study. This is to verify if the aspectual meaning can be expressed with only the stem of a verb, in other words, as the lexical meaning itself. From the semantic perspective, non-derivative basic verbs are targeted. In doing so, the same semantic features are used as in the classification of aspectual situations. As a result, it is proved that the lexical meanings of verbs include the aspectual features, and accordingly, verbs express the aspectual meanings with a lexical meaning itself. As a second task, the question of whether aspectual pairs are derived or not, as well as various semantic interrelationships that appear in the aspectual pairs, are investigated according to the aspectual classes to which verbal lexemes belong. It is concluded from these findings that the meaning of aspectual opposition is essentially forecast from the lexical meanings of verbs. The findings in this study, as above, prove that the aspect is a functional-semantic category reflecting the internal temporal structure of situations that are meant by the verbs, and that concrete lexical meanings and a grammatical aspect are one of the means of expression. Hence, the verb form that we encounter in reality can be a form that has a complex layered structure from the perspective of aspectual meaning.


This thesis investigates educators' conceptions of literacy, what beliefs and conceptual frameworks support them, how literacy seems to be defined in educators' sites of practice, and how conceptions of literacy inform teaching. Main findings show that 'literacy' is a sliding signifier: a sign that bears no connection to the thing it ostensibly represents; dominant literacy pedagogies in teachers' sites of practice are the strongest determinants of how teachers conceptualize and teach literacy, influencing or superseding personal definitions when differences exist; and elementary and secondary teachers described different notions of both the ontology and function of literacy. Specific professional development is needed to allow educators to deal with policies that aim to standardize and decontextualize the teaching and assessment of literacy, and that posit literacy as a series of discrete skills, as opposed to a series of context-specific social practices.


The dynamical principle of fault diagnosis is addressed,and the initial concept of nonlinear dynamical principle of mechanical fault diagnosis is introduced.The mechanical devices can be divided into two classes of systems,namely:possible-of-modeling systems and impossible-of-mo-deling systems.For possible-of-modeling systems,the analysis of fault mechanism based on the bifurcation theory may provide an instruction to mechanism,control and prediction of vibrating faults which are difficult to diagnose.The modeling method is described using the rotating machinery as an example.For impossible-of-modeling systems,using the chaotic dynamical theory,the phase space can be reconstructed in terms of the measuring vibration data,and the sources of generating faults can be justified through the form of singular spectrum which describes the energy distribution of the system.The studies on the nonlinear dynamical principle of fault diagnosis may significantly enhance the ability of our manufacturing industry of complicated devices and also make great contribution to the nonlinear dynamical theory.


Combination of benzothiazole and benzothiazole isosteres (benzoxazole and benzimidazole) with certain anticancer active heterocyclic compounds, in one molecule, to increase its anticancer activity, was done and the study of this combination regarding the anticancer activity was made. In this study, substituted pyrazoles IIIa-c were prepared through diazotization of aminocompounds Ia-c followed by condensation with acetylacetone then hydrazinalysis of intermediates IIa-c (Scheme 1). Scheme 2 includes the reaction of the amino group of Ia-c with 2- chloromethyl-1H- benzimidazole (IV) to afford newcompoundsVa-c. The reaction of the amino group of Ia-c with pyrazolopyrimdine VIII gave the desired compounds IXa-c (Scheme 3). The cytotoxicity of compounds IIIa-c,Va-c and IXa-cwas evaluated against human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7).


Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer. The high mortality rate of CRC is a serious problem. Hence it is urgently necessary to identify novel molecular target to improve the mortality rate. Amplification of chromosome 7p is frequent in CRC, and it has been considered to harbor driver genes that promote tumorigenesis or tumor progression by the gain of function. The aim of this study is to identify novel candidate driver genes on chromosome 7p and to clarify the clinical significance of their expression in CRC. Material and Methods 1. We selected the candidate genes that satisfied the following criteria using CRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 1) The DNA copy number and mRNA expression is positively correlated with each other, 2) overexpressed in the tumor tissues compared to the normal tissues. 2. The mRNA expression of the candidate genes was measured in 108 surgically-resected CRC tissues and the paired normal tissues in our hospital by quantitative RT-PCR. The differences of mRNA expression between CRC tissues and normal tissues were analyzed by Mann Whitney U-test. 3. Survival analysis between high and low expression group of the candidate genes was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Correlation between the mRNA expression of the candidate genes and the clinicopathological factors were analyzed by Fisher's exact test. 4. We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in CRC data from TCGA to clarify the correlation between the candidate genes and gene sets that are associated with tumorigenesis or tumor progression. Results DEAD Box Helicase56 (DDX56), ATP-dependent RNA helicases involved in several aspects of RNA metabolism including mRNA splicing and transport, transcription, translation and remodeling of ribonucleoprotein complexes, was satisfied with the criteria. The expression of DDX56 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in normal colon tissues (p Conclusions We identified DDX56 as a promising driver gene of CRC on chromosome 7p. DDX56 expression was positively associated with lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis, and was an independent poor prognostic factor. Furthermore, DDX56 may be involved in tumor progression through stimulating cell-cycle. DDX56 could be a therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic biomarker in CRC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yuta Kouyama, Yushi Ogawa, Takaaki Masuda, Yukihiro Yoshikawa, Miwa Noda, Hiroaki Wakiyama, Kuniaki Sato, Sho Nambara, Qingjiang Hu, Shinya Kidogami, Tomoko Saito, Shotaro Sakimura, Naoki Hayashi, Yohsuke Kuroda, Shuhei Ito, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Koshi Mimori. Identification of novel candidate driver genes of colorectal cancer on chromosome 7p [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1972. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1972


This paper aims to reveal one aspect of the natural implications of mathematics. Specifically, based on the logarithmic spiral and natural logarithm, based on the number e, extending the idea of the natural spiral. The basis of this concept lies Fibonacci's sequence, which is an expression of the evolution of all things in the physical world and in life. What we propose is, to give a geometric picture of the terms of this sequence, generating a spiral very common in nature. Ultimately, calculating the logarithm base of the corresponding natural spiral, which we named Fibonacci base, f, we discovered a remarkable new relationship linking two transcendental numbers,π , which characterize the circle, harmony and e, whichcharacterizes the evolution, asymmetry.


We prove that the minimal chain recurrence classes of a holomorphic endomorphism of $\mathbb P^k$ have finitely many connected components. We also obtain results on arbitrary classes. These strong constraints on the topological dynamics in the phase space are all deduced from the associated action on a space of currents.


The study of history is the interpretation of events in their relationships at a particular time. This is a subjective exercise with some degree of objectivity and this thesis is no exception. It is a study by a Jamaican Baptist minister who has always been a Baptist, examining the changing relationships of four events which find a focus in one of them - a mission of the Jamaican Baptist Church to Africa in 1843. Firstly, this is a study of the development of a 'church consciousness' among the Baptists in the island between 1783 ana 1843, for without this a mission would have been impossible. There has been an investigation of the church structure and programme in an attempt to discover whether there existed a relationship between their ethnic composition and an African mission. Simultaneously, there has been an assessment of the importance of 'Africa' as an ideal both for the Anti-Slavery Movement and for the freed-slave in the churches. Secondly, this is a study of rivalry between 1.·:is sionary Societies in the local situation. There has been an examination of the changing relationships between the B.M.S and both the Jamaica and African missions, especially after 1843. This assessment has proved a useful model with which to examine the tensions which are likely to occur between a missionfield and missionary-agency. With this in mina, the Eissionary Societies have been examined as regards the events of 1842 and the independence of the Jamaican Baptist churches. Thirdly, this is a study of the settlement and penetration of Fernando Po (Santa Isabel) and the adjacent mainland by the Baptists between 1841 and 1853, with an emphasis upon the life and work of the Jamaica-related missionaries. Fourthly, this is a study of the changing policy of the B.M.S. to Blacks. It examines the place of 'Race' or the interpretations of 'Race' in the outworking of Committee decisions and assesses its influence upon financial policy and ecclesiological definitions of the mission church. [To continue reading the abstract please see the pdf]


Summary. It has been shown that in the rabbit plasma aldolase was not increased by phlebotomy whereas in haemolytic anaemia produced by acctylphenylhydrazine there was a marked rise in plasma aldolase which was not, however, sustained throughout the period of falling haemoglobin. It is suggested that because of this dissociation of enzyme activity and haemoglobin the increased plasma aldolase activity in haeniolytic anaemia is not due to release of enzyme from the haemolysed red cells but that it is derived from immature precursor cells destroyed during transient ineffective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.


In these notes I will report some phenomenological analyses performed in two scenarios where the search of realistic models is giving fruitful results: the D-brane constructions in type I string theory and the Hořava-Witten scenario in M-theory. In particular, after summarizing the structure of the soft supersymmetry-breaking terms and the scales in these setups, the implications for direct detection of supersymmetric dark matter will be reviewed.


In this paper, the synchronizability of multilayer K-nearest-neighbor networks is studied by using the master stability function method. The analytical expressions for the eigenvalues of the supra-Laplacian matrix are given for two-layer and multilayer K-nearest-neighbor networks. In addition, the impacts of various topological parameters (such as the network size, the node degree, the number of layers, the intra-layer and the inter-layer coupling strengths) on the network synchronizability are discussed. Finally, the theoretical results are verified through numerical simulation.


It is generally accepted that iron is the most important micronutrient used by bacteria. With members of the family Lactobacillae being the only exceptions so far (3), this metal is essential for cellular metabolism, since it is needed as a cofactor for a large number of enzymes (96). However, this element is not easily available to microorganisms in aerobic environments. While in anaerobic conditions Fe2+ is soluble at physiological pH and cells obtain iron without much difficulty from the external medium, the ion becomes quickly converted to Fe3+ upon exposure to oxygen and forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral pH, making the available metal very scarce (20). In order to acquire iron from the extracellular medium, virtually all aerobic bacteria produce and secrete low-molecular-weight compounds termed siderophores (sideros phoros, iron carriers). These compounds chelate Fe3+ with high affinity and specificity (68). Subsequently, the cell recovers the ferrisiderophore complexes through specific outer membrane receptors (30). Some of these high-affinity systems of iron uptake are important virulence factors in bacteria infecting animal fluids and tissues because they can chelate the metal bound to host proteins (7, 36, 60, 71). Furthermore, because iron availability is generally growth limiting for bacteria thriving in an animal millieu, the lack of the metal is a major environmental signal to trigger expression of virulence determinants (60). However, an excess of iron is toxic because of its ability to catalyse Fenton reactions and formation of active species of oxygen. Iron uptake has to be, therefore, exquisitely regulated to maintain the intracellular concentration of the metal between desirable limits. Considering that excretion mechanisms for iron are not known in bacteria, microorganisms appear to control iron homeostasis, regulating its transport through the membrane (5, 21).


Abstract Extensive research has validated the relationship between classroom climate and students' social, motivational, and cognitive development. Despite improved methods of measurement, the construct itself is still nebulous and hard to delineate. One reason is that there are different dimensions to classroom climate. We examine the literature and suggest that there are three differentiable components: (1) academic, referring to pedagogical and curricular elements of the learning environment; (2) management, referring to discipline styles for maintaining order; and (3) emotional, the affective interactions within the classroom. While these components overlap, emotional climate is the least recognised or studied, and yet equally consequential. Based on our theoretical and empirical work we outline some of the characteristics of the emotional environment. We argue for the importance of treating emotional climate as a distinct aspect of classroom climate. As a concept, the emotional climate of the classroom is superordinate to other classroom climate domains, since it interfaces with the conventional academic and management elements of effective learning environments.


This paper examines the cyclical regularities of macroeconomic, financial and property market aggregates in relation to the property stock price cycle in the UK. The Hodrick Prescott filter is employed to fit a long‐term trend to the raw data, and to derive the short‐term cycles of each series. It is found that the cycles of consumer expenditure, total consumption per capita, the dividend yield and the long‐term bond yield are moderately correlated, and mainly coincident, with the property price cycle. There is also evidence that the nominal and real Treasury Bill rates and the interest rate spread lead this cycle by one or two quarters, and therefore that these series can be considered leading indicators of property stock prices. This study recommends that macroeconomic and financial variables can provide useful information to explain and potentially to forecast movements of property‐backed stock returns in the UK.


The temperature dependence of the conductivity parallel and perpendicular to the stack axis as well as of the thermopower S of (pe)2(AsF6)0.75(PF6)0.35.0.BSCH2Cl2 crystals is reported.


Objective - study of the effects of disorders in the hemostasis system, blood lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure on the clinical manifestations of the neuropsychological state in patients with post-stroke consequences, which remained after the transferred ischemic stroke.


The objective of this project is to build a production prototype of Power Core structural battery for applications as a hard case for portable electronic devices. The reports summarizes the work completed since the last report. It briefly describes the problems that were experienced. It also gives details of progress versus statement of work task definitions.


This magnetic plate, of the type "electro-permanent", is intended for fixing molds on injection molding machines rubber or elastomeres.Le tray (1) comprises, on one side of a sole (2) receiving elements heating (4), a plurality of magnetic poles each having one or more permanent magnets (8), covered by a pole piece (9). The magnet or magnets (8) are surrounded by an electric coil (10) formed of metallic cord coils (11) with insulation based on glass and silicon. The coil (10) is itself coated with a blocking material (12) such as resin "high temperature" or refractory cement.


Purpose: To synthesize a series of new 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime ester derivatives (5-12) with potential anticancer properties, and to determine their cytotoxic effects in mouse fibroblast and human neuroblastoma cell lines. Methods: The title compounds were obtained through sodium salt reaction of 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)etanone oxime (4) with various acyl chlorides. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated by MTS colorimetric assay, while physicochemical descriptors were calculated using QikProp software. Results: Most of the compounds showed approximately 50 – 60 % inhibition against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at 100 μM. Of these, compound 7a was the most active combination with an IC50 value of 85.94 μM. The toxic effect of the compounds on mouse fibroblast cell line was insignificant (p < 0.05) even when the dose was increased. The calculated physicochemical properties of the compounds were within drug-like chemical space. Conclusion: The synthesized oxime ester derivatives with pyrazole ring exhibit selective toxicity to neuroblastoma cells without affecting healthy mouse fibroblast cells. The compounds proved to be druglike while their pharmacokinetic features were also encouraging, and were in line with in silico predictions.


River deltas are complex, dynamic systems whose channel networks evolve in response to internal and external forcings. To capture these changes, methods to extract and analyze deltaic morphodynamics automatically using available remotely sensed imagery and experimental observations are needed. Here, we apply a promising method for the automatic extraction of channel presence called RivaMap, on both synthetic and experimental data sets, to investigate the changes experienced by the system in response to five changes in forcings. RivaMap is an automated method to extract nonbinarized channel locations from imagery based on a singularity index that combines the multiscale first and second derivatives of the image intensity to favor the identification of curvilinear features and suppress edges. We quantify how the channelization varies by computing the channelized response variance (CRV), which we define as the variance of each pixel's singularity index response through time. We find that increasing magnitudes of sediment inflow (Qs) and water inflow (Qw) result in corresponding increases in the maximum CRV. We find that increasing the ratio of Qs to Qw results in increased number of channelized areas. We see that adding cohesion to the exposed sediment surface of the experimental delta results in decreased magnitude and decreased number of channelized areas in the CRV. Finally, by observing changes to the CRV over time, we are able to quantify the timescale of internal channel reorganization events as the experimental delta evolves under constant forcings.


Social media has created the opportunity for organizations to reach a larger audience via the internet. Zoos are interested in using social media to engage people beyond or in lieu of a zoo visit with one of the primary goals being conservation education. This paper describes a novel fifteen-month experiment where zoo animals participated in the Brookfield Zoo Twitter feed. Over 3200 tweets about animal behavior were transmitted and retweets (RTs) were observed. At the core of each tweet was a simple description of what the focal animal was doing at that moment. Tweet content varied according to six key elements: voice, species popularity, type of behavior, natural history fact, animal's given name and link to photo. RTs were considered a measure of engagement. Regression analysis was utilized to understand how each of the elements impacted the likelihood of RT. In addition, the retweeters were analyzed in terms of number of RTs, content retweeted, and location. These results provide insight into the feasibility of utilizing social media to emulate zoo experiences that are linked to positive learning outcomes.


M r= 398.3, tetragonal, P43, a=b= 14.067(6), c=9.654(3)& V=1910(2)A 3, Z=4, D x=l.385gcm -3, MoKa, ~,=0.71069A, /~= 21.16cm -l, F(000)=824, room temperature, final R = 0.068 for 896 observed reflexions. The absolute configuration is 2S,3aS,7aS. Each water molecule is linked by three hydrogen bonds; two with other water molecules and one with the oxygen of the benzoyl group. The chain formed by the water molecules is wrapped around the fourfold axis. The five-membered ring has an envelope conformation.


The organisational framework for the HIV/AIDS response is led by the National Council To Fight AIDS (CNCS-Conselho Nacional de Combate o Sida) and is Chaired by the Prime Minister. The Vice-Chair is the Minister of Health and there is representation of from stakeholders including NGOs CBOs FBOs PLWA Ministries and Parliament. CNCS also has delegates in each Province. The major activities promoted in the country are peer education for behaviour change condom use drama video and theatre treatment of STDs womens empowerment on safer sex community mobilisation and voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) MTCT prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections home-based care and vocational training and income generating initiatives. Up-scaling of VCT activities resulted in 32 testing and counseling facilities being developed across the country by the end of 2002. (excerpt)


A method is given for either dark‐ or bright‐field electron microscopy of thin biological specimens (e.g. thin sections) for enhancing the image arising from elastic scattering, relative to the composite image formed by inelastic scattering. The method requires two micrographs of a given field taken at two particular conditions of image defocus.


Optical navigation technology is widely used in precision guidance for autonomous landing and obstacle avoidance. According to the requirements of the computer vision landing location system on a planetary lander, this paper mainly studies the image feature matching algorithm in the process of autonomous navigation during landing on asteroids. A matching algorithm based on local feature regions was proposed, which takes the invariant moment and mutual information as similarty measures in the two phases of feature matching, and introduces bidirectional matching strategy, to improve matching accuracy. In order to solve the problems of the feature matching for zoom image, this paper put forward an improved SIFT algorithm, the experimental results showed that this method can not only match feature points effectively for zoom image, but also achieve high matching accuracy and is qualified for engineering application.


The forces in joining the copper pipe to the aluminum radiator through interference fit are analyzed and calculated,and a new technique of pipe screwing and expanding is introduced so that the force of moving forward when the pipe is being expanded is reduced.The structure and working principle of the expanding pipe head are described.The working principle of the designed screwing expander is explained in detail.The structure and characteristic of the special machine are introduced briefly.


Adult Daphnia magna were exposed to /sup 14/C-labeled phenol and tissues analyzed for /sup 14/C uptake by three methods: (1) tissue solubilizer, (2) tissue solubilizer plus sonication, and (3) sonication alone. Analysis by liquid scintillation counting revealed that measurements of total activity among treatments were not significantly different (..cap alpha.. less than or equal to 0.10) at two count levels. Sonicated samples showed less variation than tissue samples that were solubilized. 5 references, 1 table.


Software engineers maintaining an existing software system often depend on the mechanized extraction of information from system artifacts. Some useful kinds of information—source models—are well known: call graphs, file dependences, etc. Predicting every kind of source model that a software engineer may need is impossible. We have developed a lightweight approach for generating flexible and tolerant source model extractors from lexical specifications. The approach is lightweight in that the specifications are relatively small and easy to write. It is flexible in that there are few constraints on the kinds of artifacts from which source models are extracted (e.g., we can extract from source code, structured data files, documentation, etc.). It is tolerant in that there are few constraints on the condition of the artifacts. For example, we can extract from source that cannot necessarily be compiled. Our approach extended the kinds of source models that can be easily produced from lexical information while avoiding the constraints and brittleness of most parser-based approaches. We have developed tools to support this approach and applied the tools to the extraction of a number of different source models (file dependences, event interactions, call graphs) from a variety of system artifacts (C, C++, CLOS, Eiffel. TCL, structured data). We discuss our approach and describe its application to extract source models not available using existing systems; for example, we compute the implicitly-invokes relation over Field tools. We compare and contrast our approach to the conventional lexical and syntactic approaches of generating source models.


In most studies pertaining to carcinogenesis in man there has been a tendency to disregard or minimize data obtained clinically. As Weller (10) and others have clearly shown, however, pertinent clinical data, do come from a number of sources,--"cancer families, family histories of cancer patients, multiple tumors in the same patient, familial concentration of certain neoplasms, and the tumors of monochorial twins." Many of these data are difficult to interpret because of their imperfect quality and the complexity of human genetics. From time to time we are apt to encounter "cancer families" where it seems that the incidence of neoplasia is significantly in excess of the normal expectation. The reporting of the more significant or outstanding "cancer families" not only should be of immediate value, but should stimulate us and our successors to focus more critical attention on such families, resulting in careful periodic reports. Such a report has been made by Hauser and Weller (3) on a family originally reported by Warthin (8). Possibly in this way, after many generations, the present imperfect quality of information obtainable from the histories of cancer families may be improved and the information rendered more precise. Concomitant with this there will be an increased emphasis on obtaining accurate tissue and necropsy reports upon all members of any given family. The clinician can improve the quality of the data in this way. As the factual knowledge in various families becomes more complete, data from this source may be given to the geneticist for interpretation. The family to be reported is one that manifests a number of interesting features and on which subsequent reports should be of value. In this family, whose record we have for four generations, there is an unusual incidence of bilateral carcinoma of the breast. The breasts have uniformly exhibited well developed, almost excessive, acinar and duct structures, as well as carcinomas of similar structural type. Even though a definite tendency to mammary cancer seems to be inherited on the maternal side, only those who are nursed by their mothers develop it. Thus, it is noted


The lack of adequate disease surveillance systems in Ebola-aff ected areas has both reduced the ability to respond locally and has increased global risk. There is a need to improve disease surveillance in vulnerable regions, and digital surveil lance could present a viable approach. Digital surveillance seeks to gain knowledge of public health issues through the analysis of data in the digital domain (such as internet search metrics, Twitter posts, or online news stories), the distribution of these data, and patterns of access. It has already shown some promise. 1


This paper presents the design and implementation of an I/O server based on transparent calculation model.I/O server and I/O client are two software modules of an I/O manager which is a network storage access service supporting multi-OS remote start in transparent compution environment.I/O server works on the server,and I/O client runs on the client.In transparent calculation model,the operation system of the clients is separated from the hardware,the operation system and applications which users want to use are all stored on the server.When the clients boot,I/O server and the boot protocol works together,downloads I/O client to the clients' memory,and then I/O client sends I/O requests to I/O server.I/O server analyzes the requests received and classifies the priorities,then schedules these classified requests based on the priorities to operate virtual disk files on the server,sends the results to the clients.To reduce the disk I/O,I/O server also applies prefetching and cache policy.I/O server supports the remote boot of the operation systems,and provides services for all kinds of requests as the operation system is running.


The three factors:the benefit,the graduate market and the t eaching and learning quality depend on one an-other in the system reform of col leges and universities.Quality is the base and the other two are the preconditio ns.Holding the market and raising the quality may affect the resource gaining an d expenditure investment,which in turn affects the quality of teaching and lear ning.So the relation between the three should be handled with care.


The aim of this study was to Regression Analysis of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Youth and Sports Departments of Kermanshah Province. The population included 148 employees and experts of General Administration of Sport in Kermanshah province that were randomly selected and evaluated using by three questionnaires: Nifeh's (2001) assessing organizational learning, Abtahi and Salvati's (2006) of knowledge management and a third questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior and, using Regression in level of P<0.05 were analyzed. The results showed that three components of organizational learning, knowledge management and organizational citizenship behavior are in a desirable status at General Administration of Sport of Kermanshah province; also, there is a significant relationship between the components of the research. According to the findings above, it can be concluded that by providing appropriate opportunities for professional growth and increase their public information and responsible participation in organizational learning and political life cycle of an organization, we can strengthened organizational support and encourage employees and managers to participate actively in the organizations meetings, to provide and receive constructive suggestions, and through improving the effectiveness of units and organizational, also improving the quality of administrative services to be participate in their organization efficiency growth.  Article visualizations:


As the information medium,while the media disseminates market information,it also plays a role as the distribution mechanism of attention resource. We investigate influence of media coverage on investors' trading behavior using the fluctuation of stock trading volume as the breakpoint,finding that stock trading volume,amount and turnover rate of listed companies in small and medium-sized enterprise board have significant positive correlation with media coverage intensity. Moreover,with the intensity increasing of media coverage,individual investors buy in more but the institutional investors do the opposite. These results verify the hypothesis of bounded rationality in behavior finance and research strategic interaction between these two types of investors.


John Langton This article attempts to show that by combining concepts and propositions drawn from behavioral evolutionism, Weberian sociology, and organizational systematics, an ecological theory of bureaucracy can be constructed that explains the emergence and proliferation of bureaucratic organizations as well as the classical Darwinian theory of natural selection explains the rise and adaptive radiation of higher biological taxa, such as birds or mammals. This ecological theory is then used to explain the bureaucratization of the British pottery industry during the industrial revolution. One preliminary finding of this investigation is that bureaucratic elements are selectively retained because they enhance a firm's profitability in both the neoclassical and Marxian sense of the term: they increase its inputoutput efficiency and its ability to extract surplus value.


The Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) policy framework establishing microfinance banks was primarily targeted at creating an environment of business inclusion to boost the capacity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Previous studies have produced mixed results with regards to the impact of microfinance banks services to SMEs. It is these mixed conclusions that necessitate the need to carry out a study to establish the influence of microfinance bank's social performance on services rendered to SMEs in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The study used regression analysis to test the statistical significance of the independent variables (skills development and literacy training) on the dependent variable of services to SMEs. The data for this study was collected using questionnaire for primary data. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were issued to randomly selected microfinance banks in Kaduna and Kano state. One hundred and thirty two questionnaires, representing 88% were duly completed and returned. The significance test showed that the relationship between social performance and services to SMEs was statistically significant. The study recommends that the management of Microfinance banks should pursue a strategy that will enhance the delivery of social services, such as, skills development and literacy training to the SMEs clients and other government should provide incentives to the microfinance banks that will facilitate efficient social service delivery to the SMEs in Nigeria.


Preface. Broadband communications '98. Reviewers. Plenary sessions: new applications and internet technologies. Part A: Broadband technologies, architectures and network design. Session A1: Access networks. Session A2: Mobile access. Session A3: ATM mobile. Session A4: Service control. Session A5: QoS and charging schemes.Session A6: Network planning and management. Session A7: ATM interworking. Part B: Traffic control, modelling and analysis. Session B1: ATM connection admission control. Session B2: Congestion control. Session B3: Traffic control. Session B4: Routing and Multicasting. Session B5: Traffic flow control. Session B6: Source and traffic modelling. Session B7: Performance modelling and dimensioning. Index of contributors. Keyword index.


This essay investigate the notion of syncope as a 'breaking of rhythm' and as method in contemporary performance practice. Scenarios that facilitate ruptures, interruptions and syncopic experiences are proposed as small 'catastrophes' which evoke the mutable body and challenge the rational concepts of self. I am drawing on my own performance practice to theorise rupture as an excess that foregrounds embodiment. The paper takes Clement's syncope as a starting point, and also draws on phenomenological understandings of the body, and Drew Leder's work in particular, whose reading of the phenomenological body is consistent with Clement's critique of the Cartesian divide between body and mind, in that it accounts for the stronghold that this division has within Western cultures. I am arguing that rapture or rupture may be a response to sensing too much of the self.


Background: Epidemiological and molecular biological data suggest that papilloma viruses of the beta genus are capable of causing the development of a number of epithelial non-melanocytic skin neoplasms. One of the most probable hypotheses of the influence of cutaneous human papillomaviruses is of great interest, in which they are considered as a cofactor for the promotion of tumor growth of cells already damaged by tumor-initiating epigenetic factors the result of cumulative ultraviolet-induced damage (UVI), that is, photoaging. Cutaneous papillomaviruses of the genus beta infect the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, which determines the spectrum of clinical targets, which are the morphological structures of the skin epidermis. The oncogenic strategy of carcinogenic papillomaviruses is enhanced by a number of mechanisms for increasing the aggressiveness of tumor growth, an important feature of which is integrative virogeny, the process of incorporating the viral genome into the cellular chromosomes of epithelial cells.
Materials and methods: The article presents the results of our own studies of the incidence and degree of viral load of HPV genus beta DNA in 80 patients (42 patients with dermatogeliosis of IIIIV degrees according to Glogau and epithelial neoplasias, 38 patients without dermatogeliosis) and 40 healthy donors.
Results: We have demonstrated that high rates of detection of papillomaviruses in proliferating tissue identified in immunosuppressive patients with catastrophic manifestations of dermatogeliosis and multiple epithelial neoplasias (papillomas, fibroepitheliomas, keratomas, skin carcinomas) significantly exceed the viral load of virus DNA in normal skin (1.42 0.6 log) and correlate with other clinical and anamnestic signs, in particular, pronounced signs of dermatogeliosis according to Glogau (IV catastrophic stage) and a constitutionally high degree of photosensitivity (IIIII according to Fitzpatrick), which indicates the formation of a "pathological tandem", which is local immunosuppression and multiple proliferative foci of the epidermis.


Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP3 file: "Gender Matters (of the Margaret Cuninggim Women's Center), Vanderbilt Feminists, Planned Parenthood and Vanderbilt Student Health collaborated to host a panel discussion about the human papillomavirus (HPV)." Topics discussed ranged from different HPV strains to different types of vaccines.


Hyperfine coupling constants for the ground electronic state of the B/sub 2/ molecule, (/sup 3//summation//sup /minus///sub /ital g//) , are computed using correlation procedures based on spin-unrestricted wave functions. Two distinct methods have been employed. Firstly, a variational configuration mixing approach with all configurations arising from single and double replacements in the reference wave function has been augmented by an approximate size-consistency correction. Secondly, a many-body perturbation theory procedure based on the coupled--cluster expansion with infinite-order doubles has been approximately corrected for single and triple excitations through fourth order. Both isotropic and dipolar coupling constants have been obtained as expectation values over the appropriate wave functions for the unrestricted Hartree--Fock (UHF) and the variational configuration-interaction (CI) methods. The anisotropic coupling is already satisfactorily accounted for at the UHF level, while even with the approximate correction for the effect of higher excitations, the variational CI approach still underestimates the isotropic splitting by a factor of 2. The origin of this deficiency is traced using the other correlation method in which the isotropic coupling is derived from the normalized spin density at the nucleus, obtained by finite-field perturbation theory. The effect of the inclusion of triple excitations from the UHF wave functionmore » is seen to contribute about one third of the observed value. Such excitations are not accounted for in the size-consistency corrected variational CI approach. This conclusion is confirmed by a similar finding in a full fourth-order Moller--Plesset (MP) calculation.« less


Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes recommend that overweight or obese adults lose more than 5% of their body weight and reduce their total caloric intake to maintain the reduced body weight. In diabetic patients, the goal of weight control is not simply to lose weight, but to achieve health benefits by controlling blood sugar well and reducing the risk of complications and other comorbidities. An extremely calorie-restricted diet, whose long-term effectiveness has not been verified, is not recommended as it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. For weight control in obese diabetic patients, it is important to follow diabetic diet guidelines while setting actionable energy goals that prevent hypoglycemia and do not increase health risks. The energy target should be adjusted in consideration of individual conditions such as daily intake, body size, and activity level.


An experimental investigations has been performed upon shear wall specimens representing the inner and shield walls in a boiling water reactor (BWR) type reactor building. A set of three two-story specimens were prepared. One is a sophisticated shear wall component composed of box-shaped and truncated cone-shaped walls interacting with each other. The other two are, respectively, box-shaped and truncated cone-shaped shear walls. A cyclic lateral loading program has been established from an analysis subjected to seismic excitation. Discussion on the observed characteristics leads to the evidence that the behaviors of the sophisticated wall can be successfully estimated from those of its corresponding individual wall components


where e is the electronic charge and Ω the volume of the system. Note that in the interaction part of the Hamiltonian, Eq. (3), excludes the term with q = 0 in the summation which accountes for the uniform positive charged background. Further, assuming periodic boundary conditions, the Coulomb potential can only be written down in Fourier space due to its long-range behavior. (In real space one must assume a screened Coulomb-potential e−αr/r and take the limit α → 0 at the very end of the calculation to exclude non-neglegible surface-effects.) At zero temperature the electron gas is characterized by one dimensionless parameter rs rs = a/aB (8)


Results of long-term (2001-2011) monitoring investigations into the distribution of invader Mnemiopsis leidyi population in all major sea areas through the whole year (January-November) are presented. The scenario of invader Mnemiopsis leidyi development is considered and the further development of its population in the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian is predicted. Materials presented make it possible to forecast the impact of that gelatinous predator on the main trophic levels of the Caspian Sea ecosystem.


When the wind farm is planned to be constructed, making full use of wind power resources is mainly considered while the acceptable capacity of wind power integrated into tie line is taken insufficient account, causing that the wind power would not be accepted completely and the wind power forecast is limited by the acceptable capacity of tie line. Under the current operation mode, the next-day network load flow is based on the wind power forecast. Because of the inevitable forecast errors in wind generation, the wind power probability distribution would always be given. Considering the acceptable capacity of power grid, the wind power is fitted to distribute irregularly. The irregular distribution input does not satisfy the demand of classical numerical probabilistic load flow calculation. This paper proposes a probabilistic load flow calculation method based on proportional allocation principle and Latin hypercube sampling, which ensures high calculation precision and improves the speed dramatically. The veracity and validity of the method proposed is tested in the IEEE 118-bus system. The irregular probability distribution of wind power is fitted under the restriction of tie line and the simulation results show that the method proposed also has excellent practical value.


Digital data transmission has become prominent in this era of communication. Digital data such as text, still images, movies, or sounds can be wirelessly distributed through internet, intranet or digital broadcasting. A recent data management technology known as QR Code (Quick Response Code) allows data or information to be communicated wirelessly using a common portable device installed with its scanning software. Even though this new data management technology is easy to handle, it is also easy to be duplicated by unauthorized parties. Besides authentication and encryption techniques for security, using watermark will be an advantage to provide better protections for wireless data transmissions. This paper describes how these protections are being applied in ensuring data transmission for QR Codes safe from intruders without affecting the quality of data transmitted. A different technique of applying watermark is proposed in this paper. In this technique, due to its unique information, data of authentication is used for the watermark. The technique is also supported with the use of binary numbers for the encryption. To confirm the effectiveness of this protection technique, percentage of data loss and processing time for data transmissions are measured. From the experiment, results show that there is no data loss but only a slight delay in processing time is observed. This shows that the proposed technique of security protection is effective with only a negligible amount of time delay.


Microvascular pathophysiology that uniquely manifests as white matter (WM) abnormalities is often implicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)‐related central nervous system (CNS) complications. This study sought to identify regional WM abnormalities in young adults diagnosed with T1DM and further examine their association with cognitive and emotional dysfunction.


ABSTRACT Using the theory of motivated information management (TMIM), this study explored how individuals manage information about romantic partners' past relationships, a typically taboo topic (Baxter & Wilmot, 1985). A sample (N = 146) of undergraduate students currently involved in romantic relationships was used to test TMIM's predictions regarding cognitive, emotional, and communicative processes involved in information-management decisions regarding a partner's previous relationships. The hypothesized models were supported for negative emotions (i.e., anger and fear) but not for happiness as a representative positive emotion. Further, efficacy emerged as a significant mediator of the relationships between the negative emotions and information-management strategies and of the associations between outcome assessments and information-management strategies. Implications and future research directions are discussed.


The subway construction in China has developed rapidly in recent years, but due to the influence of subway construction technology and construction environment, risk incidents occur frequently in the process of subway construction. Referring to the experiences and practices of Beijing Metro construction, combined with the relevant knowledge of risk early warning, the function process of risk early warning is clarified, that is, the classification and identification of risk early warning grade, early warning issuance, early warning response, and early warning mitigation. The application effect of early warning mechanism in risk management of metro station construction is studied, which provides reference for risk early warning management of metro construction.


The goal of the present research paper is to study the effect of cash flow on investment levels in companies. 75 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated for their performances during the years between 2004 and 2010. The year 2008 was assumed to be the index year. In this paper the effects of four variables related to operational cash flow, financial supply and investment on investments' levels were studied. These variables are operational incomes, operational profit, debt ratio, and change in tangible fixed assets. The results of the regression test showed that cash flow, previous operational incomes, operational profit, and the ratio of debts and tangible fixed assets have a positive and meaningful effect on investment levels in companies but the future operational income does not affect companies' investments. (Godratollah Talebniya, Rooholah majlesara, Yousef Ghanbari, Behnam Samadiyan. The effect of cash flow on investment level of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):349-353) (ISSN: 1097- 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56


Hall effect in PrIn 3 has been measured from 4.2 to 300 K. The extraordinary Hall resistivity which is obtained by subtracting the effect in YIn 3 from that in PrIn 3 is almost temperature independent at low temperatures and changes sign from negative to positive at about 20 K and reaches a maximum at about 30 K. This behavior is compared with the calculated curves which are based on the skew-scattering and side-jump mechanisms of conduction electrons by Pr ions under the influence of crystalline electric field (CEF). It is shown that these mechanisms can reproduce the temperature dependence of the experimental result fairly well with the CFE parameters which are a little different from the reported values deduced from the susceptibility measurement.


The causes of side wall stabilization losing in open stope with bottom structure has been studied comprehensively from the aspects of ore drawing,blasting vibration and overlay rock,and the cognition on the mechanism of boundary stabilization losing has been acquired increasingly Based on large amount of observations and analysis on stope boundary stabilization losing,the collapse angle empirical formula has been deduced and the solution measures have been presented accordingly The production practice has proved that the measures are effective,the bad influence of boundary stabilization losing could be avoided,and the collocation of medium deep hole in cutting engineering and ore break down are more reasonable.


Gould's petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera, breeds only on Cabbage Tree Island, New South Wales. Annual surveys to estimate the size of the breeding population and the reproductive output were conducted between 1989 and 1992. Annual estimates of the total number of pairs breeding in the two gullies containing the main population were between 122 +/- 20 (s.e.) and 202 +/- 26. Breeding success was less than 20% between 1989 and 1991, but rose to 24.7% in 1992. This marginal improvement may be the result of management action undertaken to reduce mortality of breeding adults and fledglings. The total population is estimated to have declined from 2004 (95% confidence limits: 1464,3185) in 1970 to 1479 (1250,1815) in 1992, a decline of 26% in 22 years. The reasons for this decline are unclear.


The crystal structure and atomic dynamics (vibrational properties) of the [Formula: see text] compound are studied at room temperature and under normal conditions. The monoclinic symmetry crystal structure of the P61 space group is explained by the polyhedral structure. The studies were carried out by the method of Raman spectroscopy. In the spectrum obtained in the frequency range [Formula: see text]–800 cm[Formula: see text], four main vibrational modes were observed: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]. The analysis showed that these modes correspond to the vibration of different polyhedra. Modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of bipyramids, and modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of tetrahedra.


. We show that to every centred ternary relation T on a set A there can be assigned (in a non-unique way) a ternary operation t on A such that the identities satisfied by .A I t/ reflect relational properties of T . We classify ternary operations assigned to centred ternary relations and we show how the concepts of relational subsystems and homomorphisms are connected with subalgebras and homomorphisms of the assigned algebra .A I t/ . We show that for ternary relations having a non-void median can be derived so-called median-like algebras .A I t/ which become median algebras if the median M T .a;b;c/ is a singleton for all a;b;c 2 A . Finally, we introduce certain algebras assigned to cyclically ordered sets.


Saving costs is a major attraction of wet welding application in structural repairs of offshore installations. Nevertheless, improve the quality of wet welding to get it as close as possible to plain structural steel quality and also qualify welding procedures in AWS D3.6 class 'A' have been challenges not consistently overcome. This paper describes wet welding trials in shallow waters (5m and 10m) with a rutile and an oxy-rutile type, both commercial electrodes. Two different base metal compositions were employed in the preparation of butt and fillet joints. The main objective is to amend new results of wet weds properties to those already published aiming the application of this welding technique under more reliable conditions and the qualification of welding procedures. The weldments were tested by Vickers hardness, Charpy V notch, tensile, shear strength, bending and fillet weld break tests, chemical and macrographic analysis. Some of these properties and diffusible hydrogen, obtained in laboratory with a mechanized gravity system, will also be presented in order to complement or explain the field testes results obtained. Both electrodes produced class AWS E 70XX weld metals and overall results according class "B" requirements of the AWS D3.6M:2010 code. Some good elongation results obtained encourage future trials to achieve class "A". Barriers to the class "A" qualification of welding procedures in shallow waters are also discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Final Report Summary POCO (Carbon nanotube confinement strategies to develop novel polymer matrix composites) The main objective of the POCO project was to get innovative polymer nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in order to obtain materials with tailor-made and superior properties. Different scientific and technological strategies were planned to obtain nanocomposites with CNTs confined, ordered, structured or aligned into the polymer matrix. The main scientific and technical highlights achieved in the project are the following:


Summary Sixty nine patients took part in a double-blind study to investigate the efficacy of bilateral, unilateral, and simulated ECT in the treatment of depressive illness. The findings suggest that both bilateral and unilateral ECT are highly effective treatments for depression and are significantly superior to simulated ECT. There was also evidence that patients receiving bilateral ECT recovered more rapidly than those receiving unilateral ECT and required significantly fewer treatments. The relevance of these findings to clinical practice is discussed.


Humidity and temperature are two important physical factors in greenhouse monitoring system, the result of measurement of system and controlling accuracy are directly transformed by it. In monitoring system controlled by single ship processor, the cost of hardware can be reduced and the monitoring and controlling accuracy improved, while the nonlinear distortion brought about by humidity/temperature sensor and system circuit are considered as a whole, and adjusted by software and method of looking up the table. Such technology has broad value of application.


By using hydrothermal method,the magnesium hydroxide and the basic magnesium chloride whiskers were prepared.XRD,SEM,TG and FT-IR were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the products.The effects of hydrothermal conditions including reactant concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time and surfactant on the morphology were investigated.The results showed that regular hexagonal nano-plates with a thickness of 20—50 nm and the combined rose ball nano-structures of magnesium hydroxide were prepared with low magnesium chloride concentration and a few ammonium hydroxide drops added amount,While the basic magnesium chloride whiskers of 0.5 μm diameter and 200 μm length were single crystall with high magnesium chloride concentration and few ammonium hydroxide drops added amount.


Abstract In the fight against obesity governments have pursued various policies to increase soda prices in the hope of discouraging consumption. Previous studies examining the efficacy of taxing sodas have generalized sales taxes to other taxes and assumed that imposing a tax is as salient as imposing a direct price hike. In this research, the authors recognize that most consumers do not pay much attention to how taxes differ in application. As such, the authors disassociate effects of sales taxes on soda demand from direct price increases, estimate pass-through rates of excise taxes in the soda market, and compare the efficacy of the two taxes at three tax levels. They find that, for all three tax levels, imposing an excise tax on sodas drives much steeper declines in the overall demand than a sales tax does. The findings suggest that failing to distinguish between tax types leads to a biased estimation of tax effects on reducing soda consumption. This research provides important implications to help pol...


Cupping is classic therapy method  that have been used  in many treatment and therapy of various health problem such as : blood disease / illness like hemopilia and hypertension,  rheumatic like arthritis,  sciatica/ back pain, migren, anxiety, other general illness and mental  illness (Widharto, 2007). The purpose of this research is to understand  the Relationship Between Motivation and Patience's Cupping  Compliance in  Al Jawad Homeopati Care Center Pekanbaru. Kind of the research  is Correlation Descriptive with Cross Sectional research method. Population of the research is all patients that's enduring cupping therapy in Al Jawad Homeopati Care Center Pekanbaru. Research was held on February 23 rd until March 13th 2015  with 118 respondences. Understanding of sample is using questioner  research instrument. The data that have been collected was processing and analizing with Ms Excell computer program and statistic program  (SPSS) version 17.0. Analyse of data including univariate analysis with find out frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with Chi square test (p 0.05) so Ho was accepted and Ha was denied. Means there's no a relationship between motivation with cupping obediences/loyalty of respondences in Al Jawad Homeopati Care Center Pekanbaru.


A Mother's work background and family income have a big influence on the incidence of stunting in toddlers.The problem in this study is the high incidence of stunting in children under five which can have a negative impact on human resources (SMD) in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a mother's work and family income on the incidence of stunting in toddlers.This research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was mothers who had 121 months of under-five children (0-59) months with a total sample of 57 people, which was carried out in January 2022 in Darul Hikmah sub-district, Aceh Jaya district, analyzed using univariate and bivariate which was then tested with the chi-square test.The results showed that there was a significant effect of mother's work and family income on the incidence of stunting in children under five as evidenced by the P-value < 0.05.The conclusion after the analysis was that there was an effect of a mother's work and family income on the incidence of stunting.Suggestions for health workers and other related parties to be more intense in providing socialization to mothers of toddlers in terms of preventing toddlers from stunting.