This presentation previews a research project for evaluating whether system dynamics business cycle models, when used as instructional tools in undergraduate macroeconomics courses, can enhance student understanding of business fluctuations. First, we will demonstrate a system dynamics model of the standard economics textbook diagram of the circular flow of national income and national product. A working model of the circular flow is useful for revealing patterns of multiplier effects of injections and leakages of spending and income. Yet, even a dynamic circular flow model is still fundamentally an accounting tool when standing alone. As we progressively add links with behavioral models of business cycle subsystems, however, the circular flow model behaves more like a real economic system. Conference participants can interact with a microworld version of the model during the poster sessions, examine changes as behavioral models are successively linked to the accounting model, and test alternative assumptions and policy scenarios. Later, in the experimental design phase of the project, we will test whether this approach—when compared to traditional comparative statics instruction—can improve student understanding of fluctuations in economic activity. Suggestions for improving the model would be appreciated, as would thoughts on the design of tests to measure its effectiveness as an instructional tool. The Problem. It appears that the predominant methods and tools of macroeconomic instruction in undergraduate courses—graphical analysis of comparative statics in a lecture format—may not be providing students with a sustainable understanding of the dynamic processes at work in a market economy, and may even be dampening interest in learning economics. A possible solution is to introduce advanced quantitative methods at the undergraduate level in order to demonstrate market dynamics. However, that is not feasible due to the lack of requisite mathematical skills among most undergraduates and, moreover, the associated rise in student frustration would likely aggravate some of the attitudinal problems that have been observed. An alternative solution is to transform the circular flow diagram of national income and national product into a functional computer model. Such a model should demonstrate the dynamic, 1 Diagrams of the circular flow model, the behavioral models, and their links will be available at the poster table during the conference. In addition, copies can be obtained by contacting the author by email (firstname.lastname@example.com), toll-free telephone (888-667-8850), or fax (540-966-5167). 2 cyclical behavior of economic markets, be accessible to undergraduates, and enable more active engagement of students in constructing essential macroeconomic understandings. This presentation previews a research project designed to evaluate the latter alternative. Using the methodology and tools of system dynamics, the plan is to transform the circular flow diagram into a computer model for use by instructors and students in undergraduate macroeconomics courses. Generally, a model of the process implicit in the circular flow diagram alone would not be capable of endogenous generation of the recurring forces that drive business cycles. The proposed solution is to link the circular flow model to other system dynamics models that simulate an economy's realistic tendencies to diverge from equilibrium. In short, we seek an answer to this question: Can a system dynamics model of the national income accounting circular flow diagram, fashioned in modular links with system dynamics behavioral models of key economic subsystems, contribute to improved understanding of business cycles on the part of undergraduates in introductory macroeconomics courses; and, if so, under what conditions? Preliminary Literature Review. The mathematical complexity of economics explication has become a hallmark of the economics profession. However, the quantitative aptitude and/or training necessary for working with modern economists' models are rarely found among the attributes and experience of undergraduate students. Thus, most economics students—including those bound for graduate school—continue to be relegated to classes where reliance is on graphical analysis and the teaching of comparative statics. 2 Critics would be unlikely to use such a positive metaphor as "hallmark." One does not have to agree with the following comment by economist Basil Moore (1988) to admit that his allegation is colorfully conveyed: "Macroeconomics is in a state of chronic disarray.! As its mathematical sophistication has intensified, its contribution to our understanding of the real world has diminished.! Increasing rigor has been accompanied by increasing mortis." 3 Advanced instruction relies on calculus to demonstrate dynamic economic behavior. However, while succinct, efficient, and rigorous, the abstract calculus formulations alone may deaden some students' sensitivity to real-world economic behavior. Therefore, if this project supports the hypothesis that system dynamics models can enhance undergraduate instruction, then consideration should be given to similar experiments in higher level courses.


Provided as an organogel formation agent for forming reverse wormlike micelles, and a thickening gel composition, are: an organogel formation agent that offers high safety for the body and environment, an agreeable usability, and favorable gelation ability; and a thickening gel composition using said organogel formation agent. Lecithin and an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 1 to 3 carboxyl groups or 0 to 2 hydroxy groups act as an organogel formation agent for forming reverse wormlike micelles of a variety of oils; using a three-component mixed system of the lecithin, the carboxylic acid, and a variety of oils, it is possible to obtain a thickening gel composition having a reverse wormlike micelle structure.


Human thymus epithelium, depleted of thymocytes and macrophages by means of organ culture, was used in chemotaxis experiments with peripheral blood cells. Such cultured thymus epithelium can attract specifically macrophages and basophils. T‐lymphocytes were attracted only by short‐term (8 day) cultured thymus tissue which still retains some of the original macrophage population. Thymic macrophages formed rosette structures with thymocytes. In other experiments 'activated' rabbit macrophages had the capability to destroy thymocytes, whether autochthonous or allogeneic. The possible role of macrophages and basophils in thymus function is discussed.


A two-dimensional analysis of the common emitter current gain β of a lateral p-n-p transistor fabricated on an n-epilayer grown on n+ substrate has been made using numerical methods. The distribution of excess minority carriers in the base region has been studied and this in turn is used to calculate the value of β by evaluating the components of the base and the collector currents. The dependence of β on parameters such as the junction depth, the surface recombination velocity and the base width has been investigated. It is concluded that the results obtained from the quasi-one-dimensional approximation are significantly in error compared to those obtained from the more accurate two-dimensional analysis.


This special issue brings together nine articles on the experiences of multiracial and multiethnic individuals from nine different countries across the globe – the United Kingdom, Sweden, Ireland, ...


The search for robust topological superconductivity and Majorana bound states continues, exploring both one-dimensional (1D) systems such as semiconducting nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) platforms. In this work we study a 2D approach based on graphene bilayers encapsulated in transition metal dichalcogenides that, unlike previous proposals involving the Quantum Hall regime in graphene, requires weaker magnetic fields and does not rely on interactions. The encapsulation induces strong spin-orbit coupling on the graphene bilayer, which opens a sizeable gap and stabilizes fragile pairs of helical edge states. We show that, when subject to an in-plane Zeeman field, armchair edges can be transformed into p-wave one-dimensional topological superconductors by contacting them laterally with conventional superconductors. We demonstrate the emergence of Majorana bound states (MBSs) at the sample corners of crystallographically perfect flakes, belonging either to the D or the BDI symmetry classes depending on parameters. We compute the phase diagram, the resilience of MBSs against imperfections, and their manifestation as a 4\piπ-periodic effect in Josephson junction geometries, all suggesting the existence of a topological phase within experimental reach.


Neutron transmission and diffraction techniques are described with application to problems in nuclear physics, crystallography, magnetic scattering, physical structure of materials, and the liquid state. Experimental results for nuclear scattering amplitudes, positions of light atoms among heavy atoms, magnetic moment alignments in antiferromagnetic structures, and diffraction of neutrons by alkali metals in the liquid state are reported. The main features of the design and operation of the neutron diffraction spectrometer and the auxiliary equipment are given.


A total of eight spring chinook redds were successfully capped in 1986. The mean survival to emergence was 56.7% and ranged from 21.9 to 90.0%. The spring outmigration at Wapatox was estimated to be 6671 smolts. The 1986 outmigration of wild spring chinook from the Yakima Basin was estimated to be 169,076 smolts at Prosser. The survival from egg to smolt was 4.6%, which gives a mean egg to smolt survival over four years of 5.1%. In 1986 a total of 8557 adult and 349 jack spring chinook salmon returning to the Yakima River were counted at Prosser fish ladder. An additional 530 fish were estimated to have been caught in the Yakima River subsistence dipnet fishery below Horn Rapids and Prosser Dams. This was the largest return of spring chinook salmon to the Yakima River in 29 years. The smolt to adult (S/sub sa/) survival was estimated to be 6102 wild three, four, and five year old fish returned from an estimated smolt outmigration of 135,548 fish in 1983. This gives an estimated survival from smolt to adult of 4.4%.


BBER's colonia population and housing Web page includes links to an Excel file with 2010 Census data, a GIS shape file, and maps for New Mexico colonias .


The number of cellulose decomposing microorganisms which are present in soil often reflects the fertility of that soil, and it is one of the most important ecological indicators. A new differential medium, containing acid-washing cellulose and dye Congo red, could be used to enumerate cellulose decomposing microor ganisms in soil directly and exactly. The distinct zones around the colonies of the cellulose decomposing microorganisms can be seen easily when compared with the colonies of other microorganism types.


This new edition featuares up-to-date information on vehicle technology. Seven chapters have been completely re-written and two new chapters on fuel injection and induction manifold design have been added. Three major sections focus on the following: The Engine, The Transmission, and The Carriage Unit. This book provides practicing engineers, students, and car enthusiasts with a comprehensive reference to the car as we know it today. It is written in simple terms so that despite the complexity of certain topics, readers will easily understand the concepts presented.


The effects of different additives and addition amounts on the quality of Caragana korshinskii silage were studied.According to random design,there were 17 treatments including control(CK),corn meal(CM1:10%CM2:12%CM3:14%CM4:16%CM5:18%),molasses(M1:2%M2:4%;M3:6%),cellulases(CE1:0.05%;CE2:0.10%;CE3:0.20%),formic acid(FA1:0.25%FA2:0.50%FA3:0.75%) and propionic acid(PAl:0.30%PA2:0.60%PA3:0.90%).The fermentation quality and nutrient contents of treatments were determined after ensiling for 60 days.Results showed that the pH,ammonia-N(NH_3-N),propionic acid(PA) and butyric acid(BA) contents of treatments decreased significantly compared with control(P0.01).Lactic acid(LA) contents of corn meal were significantly higher than control(P0.05).The contents of LA had no significant difference between CE3,CM3 and PAl,but significantly higher than control and other treatments(P0.01).All the nutrient contents of treatments were significantly affected by additives,addition amounts and their interaction(P0.01).The dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP) contents of corn meal were significantly higher than control and other treatments(P0.01),whereas the contents o{ acid detergent fiber(ADF) were significantly lower(P0.05).Additives improved the quality of Caragana korshinskii silage,and 14%corn meal was the best additive.


A new algorithm for the semiautomatic detection of the left ventricular edge has been developed and a consistent technique for background subtraction has been refined. This new method of assessing left ventricular ejection fraction correlates well with contrast angiography and has minimal inter- and intra-observer variability. The technique allows both experienced and inexperienced observers to obtain accurate, reproducible results.


Travel is important as an industry, a profession , an international pasttime -and a lucrative market for the publishing industry: In this part 1 of a series, online travel services are presented


A review with 44 references is given on the influences and harmfulness for growth,development,multiplication,etc.for aquatic animals by heavy metal pollution in water environment.


The invention relates to an apparatus for and a method of testing of electric motors, in particular fan motors, operability, wherein the received electromagnetic alternating fields formed by the electric motor by means of an antenna, the received signals on signal components in the frequency range of the rotational values of electric motors and its harmonics using analyzing a unit for analysis, and are output in the presence of the functional capability by means of an output unit.


This study aims to develop a simulation and modeling physics textbook assisted by Unity3D software with a self-regulated learning approach. This research uses Development and Research method through 4D Model. The definition stage is carried out by determining the characteristics of the textbook that will be developed through the initial study. The design stage is done by choosing the format and design of the textbook to produce the first correction (draft). The development stage is carried out to have the second draft, third correction, and the final product of the textbook. The second correction is obtained through the revised expert validation results that have been recommended. The third correction is the acquisition of small group test results by taking them randomly. Based on the results of field tests on students who are taking Physics Simulation and Modeling courses, the final product of the textbook is obtained. One of the textbook features and tools developed is the project assignment feature and the video tutorial tool. Based on the validation of the textbook and its supporting devices, the criteria are very feasible and ready to be used and can guide student learning independently through the features in the textbook. The development of this textbook is expected to assist in developing simulations and modeling in physics and other fields of science, such as engineering and health.


In this report for the seminar course in theoretical physics at KTH I give a short introduction to Geometric Algebra and one of its powerful developments, Geometric Calculus. I also discuss one of the most successful applications to physics, the spacetime algebra, which finally results in a compact formulation of Maxwell's equations in the setting of relativistic electrodynamics.


INTRODUCTION: Plantar fasciitis is a common condition causing misery to lot of patients. The etiology and treatment of plantar fasciitis are poorly understood. The results from such treatments vary considerably, and there is no consensus of opinion on the best method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a controlled trial in our institute to compare the results of local steroid injections & the use of Extra-corporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for managing plantar fasciitis. 200 patients with 240 painful heels were evaluated. All patients with moderate to severe heel pain who had already taken ten days of unsatisfactory treatment with oral NSAIDS were divided in two main groups. Group A of 100 patients received 1000 impulses of shock waves in three sessions at weekly interval. In Group B of 100 patients up to three local injections of 40 mg methyl prednisone mixed with 1 ml. of 2% lignocaine were given at biweekly interval. Pain assessment was done using VAS scale and the results were evaluated at six weeks, three months and six months after the completion of the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference between two groups of patients being treated. The group B patients had significantly greater improvement in pain scale and early return to daily activities.


Based on the theory of binary gas concentration,temperature and velocity in literature,taking SF6 in the air as an example,a simplified relation between SF6's concentration,temperature and velocity is obtained through approximate deal.This paper presents a tentative idea through using two pairs of ultrasonic transducer to detect gas concentration,which can quickly obtain object gas' concentration and not taking account of temperature.Our work can greatly improve data-processing speed and efficiency in single-chip or embedded hardware environment,and the computed results' error is less than 1%.


This article introduces the new method of producing manganese sulfate. Meantime, the industry waste-gas SO_2 is absorbed by the plasma of pyrolusite.


In the construction area evaluation visual methods and e xpertise predominate. But modern inspection needs quantitative mechanical parameters non-destructively (ND) received. Many ND techniques are developed in the NDT area. The main problem is that the great success reached in ND T methods development is predominantly for the homogenous materials, as metals, i n the most cases iron products – different steels. From the other hand most and widespre ad materials in construction activity are with heterogeneous nature as concrete, stones, bri cks etc. So should be developed methods working with such media. In this paper will be observed the methods used and discussed a mong the prestressed concrete structures professionals. As result the new approaches to be introduced from NDT practice, and possible problems arise. The aim is to adopt from NDT area all possible methods , processes of inspection, analysis, values, certificates, documentation etc. Of coarse there will be skeptics. But we think will be e nough enthusiasts, who will be ready to apply significant efforts, to be developed this i dea. The perspectives are too attractive! We hope with this paper to provoke and establish more effe ctive collaboration between non-destructive testing and prestressed concrete structures prof sionals. For the construction area it will be very useful and for non-destructive te sting society will be huge new market.


To further investigate the cyclopeptides of the Caryophyllaceae family, two new cyclopeptides, named Arenariphilin E (compound 1) and Arenariphilin F (compound 2), were obtained from Arenaria oreophila J. D. Hooker using some isolation methods, e. g. normal and reverse silica gel. By detailed spectroscopic analysis, such as FAB(+)-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, the structures of Arenariphilin E (compound 1) and Arenariphilin F (compound 2) were determined as cyclo(Ile(1)-Gly-Val(1)-Ala-Leu-Ile(3)-Ile(2)-Val(2)-Pro) and cyclo(Pro(2)-Pro(1)-Gly(2)-Ile-Val-Leu-Gly(1)-Ala-Thr- Gly(3)), respectively.


Laser Doppler Fluxometry (LDF), used to assess a function of microcirculation (mc), creates new opportunities of noninvasive assessment of reaction of autonomic system on pionization (orthostatic reaction). In conducted research the basic flow (BF) of the dorsal hand skin mc of the non-dominant extremity before and after pionization in 26 healthy persons of both sex in age of 41,07 ± 11,15 years was assessed. After the pionization, in the examined area of microcirculation a reduction of perfussion (16,38 ± 7,65 vs 8,78 ± 3,29 PU, p<0,0001) was observed, as the result of adrenergic stimulation and veno-capillary reflexes. In effect, the reduction of signals power amplitude was observed i.e. as the result of increase of the precapillary sphincters tone. Decrease of amplitude was accompanied by increase of examined rhythms frequency, as independent from microcirculation level (heart rhythm, respiratory rhythm) and at the same level of the microcirculation (precapillary sphincters tone rhythm: myogenic, neurogenic, endothelial). Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology J o u r n a l o f C lin ica l & Experental ar d i o l o g y ISSN: 2155-9880 Citation: Tubek S, Sobieszczanska M, Szygula R (2012) Orthostatic Reaction of the Dorsal Hand Skin Microcirculation in Healthy People Assessed by Laser Doppler Fluxometry. J Clin Exp Cardiolog 3:190. doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000190


Epidural steroids can be used as well as opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants in lumbar disc hernia (LDH) therapy. Seratoninergic syndrome (SS) can develop in patients receiving anti-psychotic medication due to interaction of the analgesics or secondary analgesics. A 27-year-old male who diagnosed as shizophrenia had been administered antipsychotic therapy (risperidon, sertralin) and the second patient, a 47-years-old female who has dystonia and depression had been administered biperiden HCl, levodopa and lioresal. They had an radicular pain (VAS: 8) caused by the LDH. In lumbar MRI, patients had bulging and/or herniation. Both patients received a single transforaminal epidural dose consisting of triamcinolone (80 mg) and bupivacaine 0.25%/5 mL. Pain of patients was reduced (VAS: 2) and they had no symptoms suggesting SS at the first 3 months period. In this report we present two patients with LDH under anti-psychotic and antidepressant therapy.


This paper studies the applicability of the Taylor method for the sensibility analysis of ODEs and DAEs. Extended automatic differentiation rules are introduced for the calculus of partial derivatives of Taylor series. The numerical method is implemented using an efficient variable-step variable-order scheme. Finally, some numerical tests are presented showing the benefits of the formulation.


Charlie Mitchell, of Kansas, Ohio, retired after 28 years with Whirlpool Corp's, Clyde, Ohio. Mitchell started as an arc welder then served as an inspector and lab technician in the Quality Control Department.


This article discusses the design, based on evidence, as well as a survey and evaluation of settlement after the users and the synthesis of these two approaches as a means of bridging thegap between research and design of hospitals. The analysis of mechanisms and policies that permit andpromote closer relations between these studies and projects.


The solid-state photochemistry of several substituted anthracenes has been investigated with particular reference to the behaviour of polymorphic forms of the monomers. A class of 9-substituted anthracenes (methyl, methoxycarbonyl, chloro, bromo) crystallising in anti-parallel, sandwich packing arrangements give centrosymmetric dianthracenes in accordance with the topochemical principle, which also operates on light-stable monomers packing in non-centrosymmetric space groups having axes > 8 A (e. g. 9-methoxy, 9-ethoxy-, 1-cyano-) and showing no short parallel interplanar contacts. Some but not all monomers, crystallising in the parallel-stack type with a 4 A axis, dimerise to the non-topochemical head-to-tail dimer. Two monomers substituted elsewhere than in the 9-position give the theoretical number of solution dimers but yield only one dimer in the solid state.


The aim of this paper is to assess some components in the probabilistic knowledge for teaching of pre-service primary school teachers. These teachers were given a task in which they must identify the certain event in a random experiment. Common knowledge of content is assessed through the responses given by 283 spanish pre-service primary school teachers to an open-problem. In addition, two components of didactic knowledge are inferred trough the participants analyses, when working in small groups: (a) specialized knowledge of content is assessed from their analyses of the tasks' mathematical content; and (b) knowledge of content and students is assessed from their assessment of responses provided by primary school students. Results suggest the need to reinforce the training of pre-service teachers both in the mathematical and the didactic knowledge.


For a redundant manipulator, the objective of redundancy resolution is to follow a specified path in Cartesian space and simultaneously perform another task (for example, maximize an objective function or avoid obstacles) at every point along the path. The conventional methods have several drawbacks: a new function must be defined for each task, the extended Jacobian can be singular, closed cycles in Cartesian space may not yield closed cycles in joint space, and the objective is point-wise redundancy resolution (to determine a single point in joint space for each point in Cartesian space). The author divides the redundancy resolution problem into two parts: (1) calculate self-motion coordinates for all possible positions of a manipulator at each point along a Cartesian path and (2) determination of optimal self-motion coordinates that maximize an objective function along the path. This paper will discuss the first part of the problem. The path-wise approach overcomes all of the drawbacks of conventional redundancy resolution methods: no need to define a new function for each task, extended Jacobian cannot be singular, and closed cycles in extended Cartesian space will yield closed cycles in joint space.


The effects of α 2 -agonists on cholinergic nerve-mediated contraction were examined in rat gastric fundus. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of circular muscle preparations of rat gastric fundus evoked tetrodotoxin-sensitive contraction in the presence of guanethidine and NG-nitro-L-arginine. The contraction was enhanced by acetylcholine esterase inhibitior, and abolished by atropine. UK14304, a selective α 2 -agonist, decreased the amplitude of contractions concentration-dependently and the effect was inhibited remarkably by pretreatment with yohimbine. Clonidine also decreased the amplitude of the contraction concentration-dependently, but the effect was inhibited only partly by pretreatment with yohimbine. SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, did not change clonidine-induced inhibition of contraction. Efaroxane, an imidazoline receptor antagonist, decreased the inhibitory effect of clonidine in the presence of yohimbine. Rilmenidine, an imidazoline receptor agonist, decreased the EFS-induced contraction concentration-dependently. In the presence of ODQ, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, L-arginine did not affect contraction. Rilmenidine decreased the EFS-induced contraction in the presence of ODQ. These results indicate that clonidine inhibited atropine-sensitive EFS-induced contraction through stimulation of α 2 -adrenoceptors as well as imidazoline receptors, possibly via a presynaptic mechanism.


In order to implement a community-based rehabilitation programme in the rural district of Lezha (Albania), a systematic survey to assess disabilities and related care needs of people under 18 years of age was carried out. The aim of the survey was to evaluate the prevalence rates and severity of disabilities, detected by means of a questionnaire issued by the WHO Community-Based Rehabilitation Programme. The prevalence of disabled people under 18 years of age was 5.86 per 1000 (180 subjects out of the estimated population of 30,712). The most frequent diagnosis was sequelae of infantile cerebral palsy (1.8 per 1000), followed by mental retardation and deafness. The results of the survey stress that the severe non-self sufficiency of these subjects could be improved by means of an appropriate programme to increase their autonomy, including rehabilitation treatment and early school attendance.


University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Insulin and Diabetes Experimental Research (IDER) Group, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. University of Nottingham, NCMH Laboratory, Division of Food Science, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. 3: Abant Izzet Baysal University (AIBU), Department of Food Engineering, 14280 Bolu, Turkey. 4: University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Room A Floor West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. 5: Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK.


We examined patterns of resource allocation to young over the breeding season in a population of Gammarus duebeni from Totton Marsh in southern England and tested two hypotheses to explain seasonal changes in egg volume. Firstly, that egg volume changes in response to the effect of different environmental conditions on juvenile survival. Secondly, that females match their resource allocation pattern to the sex ratio of young produced under environmental sex determination. Our data supported the first hypothesis but lent no support to the second. We found that females vary their allocation of resources to young over the breeding season: larger eggs are produced in winter months and egg volume is significantly related to temperature. In addition, we looked at resource allocation in different populations and found a significant difference in the allocation patterns between this population and a more northern population from Budle Bay: females in the northern population do not vary egg volume over the season but produce larger eggs than females in the southern population. We propose that greater egg volume in the northern population is a constant response to a harsh environment; and that seasonal changes in egg volume in the southern population may be attributed to plasticity of resource allocation in response to environmental variability


Recent findings suggest that processes such as the excitonic energy transfer through the photosynthetic antenna display quantal features, aspects known from the dynamics of charge carriers along polymer backbones. Hence, in modeling energy transfer one has to leave the classical, master-equation-type formalism and advance towards an increasingly quantum-mechanical picture, while still retaining a local description of the complex network of molecules involved in the transport, say through a tight-binding approach. Interestingly, the continuous time random walk (CTRW) picture, widely employed in describing transport in random environments, can be mathematically reformulated to yield a quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian of tight-binding type; the procedure uses the mathematical analogies between time-evolution operators in statistical and in quantum mechanics: The result are continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs). However, beyond these formal analogies, CTRWs and CTQWs display vastly different physical properties. In particular, here we focus on trapping processes on a ring and show, both analytically and numerically, that distinct configurations of traps (ranging from periodical to random) yield strongly different behaviors for the quantal mean survival probability, while classically (under ordered conditions) we always find an exponential decay at long times.


We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on foliar membrane-associated calcium (mCa), sugar and starch concentrations, membrane stability, winter cold tolerance...


Environmental problems such as water-pollution by detergent, litter-disposal, and drought are assumed to be the "tragedy of commons" at the community level. This study examines a prediction model of how consumers cope with these problems.Fifty-seven male undergraduates rated the expected total number of coping, perceived problem seriousness, probability of problem occurrence, perceived personal efficacy, and behaviorintention of coping in each of the hypothetical situations of detergent, litter, and drought.Significant causal chains obtained by pathanalysis were as follows;1. Detergent Pollution: total expectation→probability→seriqusness→coping intention, and total expectation→coping intention;2. Litter Disposal: total expectation→probability→seriousness→coping intention, total expectation→coping intention, and personal efficacy→coping intention;3. Drought: total expectation→coping intention, and probability→seriousness→coping intention.Generally speaking, the above results supported the prediction model. However causal chains of personal efficacy→coping intention in two of the situations were not found. Three main evaluations of coping behavior including efficacy were discussed.


A new type pulsed ion beam source was developed by use of washer gun plasma source. It will provide low-cost and maintenance-free ion beam for the neutral beam injector (NBI), eliminating the conventional filament and water cooling systems. Its low-voltage and high-current properties are suitable for the present spherical tokamak experiment.


Autopsy material was carefully selected in order to eliminate postmortal or pathologic changes. Specimens were fixed in bromformalin and cut on the freezing microtome at 15 microns in transverse, vertical and horizontal planes and were treated with numerous variants of the silver-carbonate technique according to requirements. Part of the material was fixed in alcohol, embedded in celloidin and stained with cresyl-violet and toluidin-blue.


In the passive locating and tracking system of single observer,an obtainment of Doppler Frequency Rate-of-Change is very important for the state estimation and location of a moving target.The Doppler Frequency Rate-of-Change is very difficult to estimate accurately because of its subtleness.Wavelet transform has the time-frequency localization characteristic and low SNR threshold.An algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed to estimate the Doppler Frequency Rate-of-Change,the computer simulation study shows that this algorithm has low SNR threshold and obtain the parameter estimation fast and accurately.


This supplement of Communicable Diseases Intelligence contains articles describing various aspects of the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia. Three years ago, the Joint Expert Committee on Antibiotic Resistance (JETACAR) released a landmark report entitled The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals: antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals and humans. This report reviewed the scientific evidence on the link between the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals, the emergence and selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their spread to humans. In addition, evidence based recommendations were made for the future management of antibiotic use in Australia. In all, 22 recommendations covering areas such as regulatory controls, monitoring and surveillance, infection prevention, education, research, communication and coordination were made. This supplement is an attempt to inform Australian prescribers, regulators and stakeholders on the current state of knowledge about various aspects of antimicrobial use, resistance and surveillance in humans and animals.


This study explores "4.27 Panmunjom Declaration" and "9.19 Pyongyang Declaration" for the peace and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula in terms of inter-Korean exchanges and scrutinizes the Declarations in conjunction with the New Economic Initiative of the Korean Peninsula. The leadership of President Moon Jae-in pursues the value of the "peaceful and prosperous Korean Peninsula" of which pre-requisite and requirement are exchanges and cooperation between South and North Koreas. The New Economic Initiative of the Korea Peninsula for economic prosperity proposed in the inter-Korean summit premises complete denuclearization in the Peninsula. It is accentuated that the Initiative provides a new tonic impetus to the Korean economy in recession, and simultaneously, shapes a necessary foundation for the economic development of North Korea. The Initiative with connotation of the two Korea's mutual opulence aims at proceeding to a new Korean Peninsular system. The new system implies the new peace-cooperative community where confrontation and discord are ceased, and the new economic-cooperative one where the age of ideological rivalry comes to an end. The two Koreas have to lead the new age of peaceful and prosperous Northeast Asia as a buffer zone of peace.


1. Electron microscopic and biochemical data in a case of systemic infantile lipidosis and in a case of gargoylism have been presented. 2. In the case of systemic late infantile lipidosis, brain gangliosides were elevated, and thin-layer chromatography and analytical studies revealed a predominance of the G4 fraction. Numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and large lysosomes were found. Significant differences from Tay-Sachs disease, juvenile lipidosis, and gargoylism have been pointed out, justifying the classification of this case as a separate entity. 3. In the case of gargoylism, elevation of brain gangliosides (G5 and G6) and acid mucopolysaccharides has been documented. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were noted in formalin fixed tissue.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends of the concentrations of high mobility group box-1(HMGB1)in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and explore the correlation between the level of HMGB1and the severity of disease.METHODS A total of 42patients with severe pneumonia who received mechanical ventilation from Dec 2010to Jun 2011were enrolled in the study and divided into the survival group and the death group according to their prognosis,while 14healthy individuals were enrolled as the normal control group,then the APACHEⅡ scores for the severe pneumonia patients at day 1,3,7and the day of discharge from ICU or death were determined,and the levels of serum HMGB1and PCT of the healthy individuals were observed,the original data were input to the SPSS13.0software,and P0.05was defined as statistical significance.RESULTS The severe pneumonia patients had higher serum HMGB1(172.10±15.32)μg/L than did the normal control group(4.73± 1.49)μg/L at day 1;the concentrations of the serum HMGB1and BAL fluid HMGB1of the death group were respectively(202.41±20.98)μg/L,(218.86±25.42)μg/L,(225.37±24.30)μg/L,(8.79±1.91)μg/L,(10.87±1.31),and(12.08±1.85)μg/L,higher than those of the surgery group(P0.05);the levels of the serum and BAL fluid HMGB1were decreased in the survival group and elevated in the death group.The levels of the serum and BAL HMGB1showed a linear correlation with the APACHEⅡscores(r=0.334,P=0.009and r= 0.298,P=0.031);the level of serum HMGB1was positively correlated with the level of BAL HMGB1(r= 0.339,P=0.014).CONCLUSIONThe higher the baseline APACHEⅡscore,the poorer the prognosis;the level of HMGB1can reflect the severity of the disease and has an effect on the prognosis prediction.There is certain correlation between the systemic inflammatory response and the local inflammatory response.


Purpose: To evaluate the oncological results and late complication rate in breast cancer patients who underwent immediate implant-based breast reconstruction and adjuvant radiotherapy. Material and methods: 32 patients with I–IIIC breast cancer after combined treatment which included immediate implant-based breast reconstruction, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were reviewed. Results: All 32 patients got skin erythema as an acute adverse effect. 6 (18 %) of them got acute mucositis. Median follow-up was 35 months (range 12–112 months). 2 (6 %) patients had local recurrence after 46 and 31 months since the operation day. Locoregional control rate was 94 %. 9 (28 %) patients presented distant metastases at term 8–71 months since the operation day, and metastases in bones, brain, lungs, liver and non-regional lymph nodes were diagnosed. 2 (6 %) patients died because of disease progression. Late adverse effects of skin and soft tissue in irradiated area were found in 4 (13 %) patients – capsular contracture was diagnosed 1 (n = 1), 2 (n = 2) and 3 (n = 1) stages. In two cases of four, capsular contracture was asymptomatic and found during the second stage of breast reconstruction while changing tissue expander to implant. Capsulotomy was performed, and aesthetic effect was good. In one case capsular contracture was the reason of implant removal, and then second reconstruction using tissue expander was performed. Conclusion: Nowadays immediate implant-based breast reconstruction is an essential part of combined treatment. Breast cancer patients after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction can be treated in adequate manner, and breast reconstruction is not a contraindication for radiotherapy. Low complication rates can still be acquired with the use of state-of-art 3D and 4D radiotherapy techniques and supportive care.


This paper presents a series of language maps created for the online Worldmapper map repository, together with different methods of collecting the data that underlie the maps, and the problems associated with those methods.


This pocket-sized book covers succinctly all the legal aspects of consent. It starts with a general overview of the sources of law from which the present position on consent derives, and the ways in which consent can be given. This is followed by an explanation of the duty of health professionals in giving information to the patient and explaining risks.


A model for the Venus atmosphere involving photochemistry of oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine and sulfur species is presented. Sulfur reaction schemes and hydrogen and chlorine reaction schemes were included. The impact of sulfur on the oxygen budget and the subsequent production of H2SO4 molecules for the Venus cloud deck were explored. A major new reaction scheme for production of H2SO4 molecules involving sulfur and oxygen chemistry was established shown to dominate over the odd hydrogen scheme proposed earlier. The efficiency of the scheme in formation of H2SO4 is only about 50%, with the remaining sulfur residing in SO2 molecules. The calculated downward flux of H2SO4 may be sufficient to maintain a steady state sulfuric acid cloud if the resident time of H2SO4 droplets in the cloud is as long as a few years. If however, the resident time is half a year or shorter, additional chemistry capable of more efficient conversion of SO2 to SO3 is required.


The quantum‐mechanical analog of the classical Gibbs canonical density is characterized by considering a large collection Q of noninteracting quantum systems, each in an equilibrium statistical state. The set Q, the Hamiltonian operator for each system, and the statistical states are assumed to have certain properties which are given as axioms. It is shown that these assumptions imply that each member of Q is in a canonical state at a temperature which is the same for all systems. The possibility of zero absolute temperature is included.


A look on the south of Mar del Plata city; the smaller localities from a demo-geographic perspective (1991-2001) In relation to the population increase of the localities found to the south of Mar del Plata (General Pueyrredon District) the main problem is to establish the contribution of the vegetative and migratory balances. Census data allow an indirect approach to the vegetative behavior but in relation to migrations it is not possible to calculate mobility balances. The results were obtained trough the quantitative analysis of census data that showed an aging process in the mentioned localities and the probable prominence of the migratory component in the population increase.


This study examined the fingertip force variability on the left and right hand during low-level sustained precision pinch with the thumb and index finger. Ten healthy, right-handed subjects were required to pinch a device with a stable force output at 5 N for 1 min. The pinch force was recorded for the right and left hand, separately. Visual feedback was provided for the first 30 s and removed for the second 30 s. Coefficient of variance (CV) and approximate entropy (ApEn) were used to quantify the amount and structure of fingertip force variability. Cross approximate entropy (X-ApEn) was applied to examine inter-digit force coordination. Results showed that the left nondominant hand had lower CV values than the right dominant hand, though it was only observable from the index finger. The force structure or force coordination showed no significant difference between the left and right hands, but an significant decrease after removing visual feedback. The force structure and coordination are reflected in a high-level control strategy that may not be influenced by the asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant hand.


This article examines how EU institutional actors have sought to strengthen the input, output and throughput legitimacy of the European Semester since its first iteration. It shows that since 2010 onwards, the Semester has been rationalized several times, in different ways, either de iure (by the Two and Six Packs) or de facto, through interactions and interinstitutional agreements. The article is organized as follows: the first section introduces the European Semester putting forward its main features and the actors involved. Section two underlines some of the legitimacy problems engendered by this policy tool over time, while section three shows how the European Semester has been transformed to resolve its legitimacy gaps not only through legal change but also through more informal practices such as learning, negotiations and compromises between EU institutional actors


Structural stability of satellites is of vital significance for the operation of sophisticated payload systems. Therefore manufacturers of satellite components, such as reaction wheels, make huge efforts to assure the convenient vibration behavior of their products. To meet that demand a device for the detection of mechanical oscillations with very small amplitudes was developed. The described micro-vibration test-bench allows the detection of vibrations with amplitudes > 10 5 Newton in a frequency range of < 20 kHz generated by a test item with a mass up to 30 kg. The quality of the thereby obtained data makes it possible to identify the sources of the observed vibration. The high information content of the measurements originates from a set of high resolution force sensors, variably arranged on a mechanically isolated platform. The sensitivity of the used equipment (charge cables, charge amplifiers and signal analyzers) and its resistance to ambient disturbances allow the high accuracy of the measurement as mentioned above. The described micro-vibration test-bench additionally provides opportunity to detect production errors non-destructively and helps to reduce the inherent noise of the item under test. It therefore represents a reliable measurement device to quantify and assess detrimental vibrations.


The invention discloses a method for preparing defatted peanut protein powder under low temperature, which solves the problems that the NSI value of the prior defatted peanut protein powder is low, so that the functional characteristics of products, such as solubility, water and oil absorbility, emulsibility, etc. are low. The technical proposal comprises preparing the defatted peanut protein powder through the primary low-temperature pre-pressing, quality adjusting, leaching, low-temperature exsolution and super fine crushing to a defatted peanut after being dried with the red skin eliminated at low temperature; the whole production process is carried out under low temperature, and the obtained defatted peanut protein powder is in white or light yellow color, has less than 6.0 weight percent of water, less than 2 weight percent of fat, more than 60 percent of protein content (N*6.25, butt), and more than 60 percent of nitrogen solubility index, long storage time, good functional characteristics, such as solubility, water and oil absorbility, emulsibility, etc., good palatability and high peanut protein utility rate.


Incorporation of solar photovoltaic (SPV) and thermoelectric (TE), termed as solar photovoltaic‐thermoelectric (SPV‐TE) hybrid system, is found be a very promising technique in widening the utilization of solar spectrum and improving the power yield viably cum‐proficiently. This hybrid architecture caters electrical energy with additional thermal energy, which signifies upon harnessing of solar insolation in an exceptional way. The implementation of the aforementioned system in microgrid (MG) leads to procurement of higher active power and comparably lesser reactive power to the system. Many nonconventional energy sources have been implemented for power generation in MG in spite of their instability and reconciliation issues. This article portrays upon the main concern of implementing only SPV‐TE system in MG by considering two systems to analyze and compare. Those two systems, ie, SPV‐wind energy system (SPV‐WES)/fuel cell technology (FCT) and SPV‐thermoelectric generator (SPV‐TEG)‐WES/FCT, were analyzed and validated over the employment of only the SPV‐TEG system. For WES and FCT, the proposed system delivers higher active power near about 20% to 70% over the conventional MG and the TEG‐integrated MG; 21% to 52% lesser reactive power is absorbed over the conventional MG and 7% to 17% higher reactive power is absorbed over the TEG‐integrated MG. This, thus, brings about the lesser multifaceted nature in source incorporation and moderating the cons of coordinating WES and FCT, considering all its application. The proposed replaceable SPV‐TEG framework in MG is observed to exceed expectations over the two frameworks offering ascend to a noteworthy leap forward in advancement of SPV. The whole system was studied, analyzed, and validated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.


Traditional glaciological mass balance measurements of mountain glaciers are a demanding and cost intensive task. In this study, we combine data from the Ice Cloud and Elevation Satellite (ICESat) acquired between 2003 and 2009 with air and space borne Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in order to derive surface elevation changes of the Grosser Aletschgletscher in the Swiss Alps. Three different areas of the glacier are covered by one nominal ICESat track, allowing us to investigate the performance of the approach under different conditions in terms of ICESat data coverage, and surface characteristics. In order to test the sensitivity of the derived trend in surface lowering, several variables were tested. Employing correction for perennial snow accumulation, footprint selection and adequate reference DEM, we estimated a mean mass balance of −0.92 ± 0.18 m w.e. a−1. for the whole glacier in the studied time period. The resulting mass balance was validated by a comparison with another geodetic approach based on the subtraction of two DEMs for the years 1999 and 2009. It appears that the processing parameters need to be selected depending on the amount of available ICESat measurements, quality of the elevation reference and character of the glacier surface.


In this paper,we use Stachelberg game theory model to consider how a monopolistic firm of short life cycle product manages the revenue in the perspective of the strategic consumer behavior.The conclusion shows that the firm will leave a lot of money on the table if it ignores the consumer's strategic behavior.The firm should make the optimal price policy based on the inventory and consumers' expectation.When the inventory is small,the firm can ignore the strategic consumer behavior and make a high price policy;When the inventory is relative large,the firm's optimal profit will be realized under the only rational equilibrium;when the inventory is enough,the firm's optimal price policy is related with the consumer's rational expectation and value discount.The firm can use suitable inventory controlling to enhance the risk of stock out,and avoid the adverse impact of the consumer's strategic behavior.The conclusion is useful for the revenue management of the short life cycle product.


«This work will be very useful to scholars interested in the Third Council's impact on Peruvian colonial history in providing an authoritative and accessible account» (John F. Schwaller, Latin American Research Review).Dimensiones: 24 x 17 (cm).Peso: 0.815 Kg.Numero de Paginas: 390.


The theory and technology of information management have deficiencies in the management of implicit knowledge and people, so they may put too much emphasis on technology and tacit information when used in the management of educational resources. Being different from information management, knowledge management regards people, process and technology as three interrelated elements and keeps them in a state of balance. The advanced technology of knowledge management can help us build a dynamic knowledge flow of educational resources. In this paper, the author put forward an optimizing strategy model for an educational resources sharing environment. According to this model, the author gave appropriate strategies for tacit resources and implicit ones and divided the knowledge management process of educational resources into seven phases.


We validate the implementation of a path-integral formalism to compute the thermodynamics of stacking of RNA base pairs, restricting the analysis to intramolecular interactions. We estimate the effective contact volume, an empirical parameter that determines the excluded-volume effects. This is done by comparing the analytical result with the energetics of duplex growth that takes place after a loop closure or nucleation event. As an illustrative example, the derivation is specialized to the polymer (CG${)}_{\mathit{n}}$, n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} (C denotes cytosine, G denotes guanosine) in the limit of infinitely long tails.


The COVID-19 virus has trapped the entire world under the lockdown situation. The impact of this global pandemic on education is very crucial. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the teaching calendar and teaching-learning assignments. The Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India is closely monitoring the COVID-19 effects on education and assessing future workforce requirements. This write-up reveals many dimensions of Digital Learning in respect of changing paradigm of education due to COVID-19. This paper is based on secondary sources supported by various Indian Government organizations. The main objective of this paper is to create digital awareness among students, parents and academic fraternity about digital pedagogy, pedagogical innovations and digital initiatives by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). Everyone can be benefitted from this paper by acquiring the necessary information about digital educational practices in India.


In respect to the main goal of our ongoing work for maximizing the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, we focus in this paper on the results obtained from experiments conducted on a simulated WPT system after varying several design parameters. The selected parameters are classified into electrical design parameters related to the electrical circuit of the WPT system and the geometrical design parameters related directly to the coils used to transmit/receive the electric power. The model is simulated using Ansys/Maxwell 3-D software package. The results of this study have shown that the efficiency can be significantly improved by optimizing some simple, yet relevant, geometrical design parameters such as the size of the coils and/or by installing repeater coils between the transmitter and receiver.


Global motion compensation is an important tool to achieve high coding efficiency in many advance video coding systems such as MPEG-4. However, its computational complexity is very high. Fast algorithms are needed. In this paper, we propose an improvement to the global motion estimation algorithm used in the MPEG-4 VM coder. We achieve this by introducing two new techniques: motion vector prediction and early termination, which we applied successfully in local motion estimation. Simulation results suggest that the proposed method can reduce computation considerably without perceptual degradation.


With recent U.S. government efforts to develop policy procedures for addressing climate change, it is imperative that the public understand basic aspects of climate change in order for them to understand such policy. However, widespread misconceptions of basic atmospheric principles exist. In this study we document levels of misunderstanding that U.S. undergraduate students have with respect to atmospheric carbon budgets and factors that may account for variability in their understanding. Students enrolled in an introductory geology course (n = 947) completed a survey on atmospheric carbon budgets in two sequential semesters. Results indicated that most students did not have a basic understanding of mass-balance problems, and that their misunderstanding varied according to gender and their interest in science. Further, students tended to exhibit very poor graphical interpretation skills when examining mass-balance graphs. 2 Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University. 3 Department of Statistics and Biostatistics Center, George Washington University. 4 Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Iowa State University


Our research addresses a framework, evaluation criteria and measurements for managing quality. Its main objective is to show how managerial emphases have been shifted from the past for Japanese manufacturing companies. We use a research model that is composed of quality management infrastructure practices (QMIP), quality management core practices (QMCP) and quality results. The research model is designed to measure quality from two perspectives, the present state of activities in quality management and the changes that occur over time in the same activities. A questionnaire survey was designed to collect data. A total of 317 responses were used for analysis. The research model was tested using structural model analysis. The results confirmed that good quality outcomes are directly dependent on good QMCP, which in turn are dependent on good QMIP. Good quality practices not only lead to good quality but also improve quality outcomes. We found that the companies that shift their managerial emphases to product development improve quality outcomes. More emphases on product development are positively affected by more emphases on supplier relationship and customer relationship. The paper provides valuable empirical insight into how companies are shifting management priorities in today's highly dynamic and ever changing business environment.


This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness, access andutilization to sixteen, citrus production information by citrus farmers in ATISBO Local Government Area of Oyo State. Structured interview scheduled were administered on sixty citrus farmers who werepurposivelyselectedfrom six communities. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages andrating were used to analyse the data. Ninetyeight point three percent (98.3%) of the respondents were male and 85 percent were married. The main source of information were village extension agents and contact farmers as indicated by 46.7 percent and 41.6 percent of respondents. Sixty eight percent of the farmers experiencedlow yield citrus. Level of information awareness, accessandutilization on citrus farmpractices waslow. Thatis 63.3, 56.66and50percent of the respondents had low scores respectively. The extension agents have been encouraged to release to farmers necessary information that could lead to high citrus production in the area.


In the experiment,the Xundan series maize varieties of Xundan18,Xundan98-3,Xundan20 and Xundan26 were selected to study the grain filling characteristic with Zhengdan958 and Nongda108 as CK.The results showed that the yield of Xundan series varieties was positively higher than CK.The contribution of the grain number per spike and 100-grain weight to yield was similar.The grain volume and grain filling rate of Xundan20,Xundan26,Xundan18 and Xundan98-3 was bigger than Zhengdan958 and Nongda108.So to selected regions with enough water and fertilizer and to strengthen the manager of water and fertilizer could reach the yield potential of Xundan series maize varieties.


Abstract This survey investigated interventions used by acute-care hospitals to reduce the detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Half of the respondents reported using reflex urine cultures but with varied urinalysis criteria and perceived outcomes. Other diagnostic stewardship interventions for urine culture ordering and specimen quality were less common.


The formation of mesomorphic (liquid crystalline) systems by highly concentrated solutions of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in an homologous series of five even-numbered chain length n-aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents was studied. It was determined that dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate concentration, solvent chain length, and temperature significantly affect the formation of a mesomorphic phase. At constant temperature, the concentration of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate required to produce a mesomorphic phase increased as the solvent chain length increased from octane to dodecane and then decreased to hexadecane. At constant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate concentration in each of the five solvents, the mesomorphic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature reached a minimum at dodecane; however, the phase transition temperatures for dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate systems in tetradecane and hexadecane were higher than those for decane and octane, respectively.


Two-layer fluid models are used to depict some nonlinear phenomena in fluid mechanics, medical science and thermodynamics. In this paper, we investigate a (3[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama equation for the interfacial waves in a two-layer liquid or elastic quasiplane waves in a lattice. Via the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy reduction, we derive the rational solutions in the determinant forms and semi-rational solutions. The [Formula: see text]th-order lump waves and multi-lump waves are obtained, where [Formula: see text] is a positive integer. We observe the second-order lump waves: Two-lump waves interact with each other and separate into two new lump waves. Two-lump waves are observed: Overtaking interaction takes place between the two-lump waves; After the interaction, the two-lump waves propagate with their original velocities and amplitudes. Studying the semi-rational solutions, we show the fusion between a lump wave and a bell-type soliton and fission of a bell-type soliton. Interaction between a line rogue wave and a bell-type soliton is shown.


A time-varying step LMS algorithm(TVSLMS),based on innovation renew is proposed.The TVSLMS has a simpler algorithm structure and a rational time-varying step.As compared with the mainly typical LMS algorithms like basic LMS and DLMS,it is faster in convergence speed.Furthermore,the convergence accelerator,a totally new parameter,can speed its convergence obviously.


Alkaline phosphatase is generally known to exist widely distributed in the vital body and is concerned with the synthesis and decomposition of phosphate compounds that play an important role in the metabolism. Activity of this enzyme is said to be particularly strong in the tissues active in their metabolism. ROBISON et al. [1] had earlier given their findings on the relation between alkaline phosphatase and dental calcification and ever since, studies dealing with alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp have been conducted with a view to throwing light on the calcifying mechanism of teeth.Biochemical study on this alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp began with YAGIU [2] and OGAWA [3], MOTOMURA [4], SAITO et al. [5], MISEI et al. [6] and KANNO et al. [7] have been researchers in his wake. Among them, KIMIZUKA [8] purified alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp of rabbits through the specific activity and gave report on its enzymological properties. Localization of this enzyme has been histochemically attested to by many workers in the field and published research findings are numerous [9-29]. Although the method of histochemical evidence has advantageous features, there exists a danger of human elements creeping in through the inactivation of enzyme at a fixed procedure, diffusion or resorption of intermediate products in the staining process. Also we must be constantly on our guard against its distribution and detection peculiarities, as the result of histochemistry is only semi-quantitative. Therefore, any set of data needs to be very carefully handled for the analytical purpose. The present study is concerned with a method devised by the authors which is capable of measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in a sample of minute quantity. With this method, they examined the distribution of alkaline phosphatase in the dental pulp in terms of histoand biochemical light.


There have been at least 25 studies of ear disorder and hearing loss in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children since 1968 (McPherson 1990). Reports have consistently indicated an extremely high prevalence of middle ear disease (otitis media) in Aboriginal children. Indeed, the disease rate is one of the highest of any group in the world. Otitis media is a common infection in childhood (Teele et al 1983). In most children of European background this infection resolves with maturation and leaves no hearing deficit. In Aboriginal children this age-related improvement is much less apparent. A high proportion of Aboriginal children in some communities suffer from chronic otitis media well into late adolescence (McCafferty et al 1985). One estimate of the extent of this problem is that by the time an Aboriginal child reaches 14 years of age, he or she is likely to have spent two years with ear disease. This contrasts with a likely period of two months for non-Aboriginal children (McGilchrist and Hills 1986). The disease rarely leads to dangerous complications but does cause an associated hearing loss. This loss is variable and can be up to 50 decibels (dB) in Aboriginal children (Quinn 1986). Children suffering from otitis media may therefore present with normal hearing, or they may have a slight, mild or moderate hearing loss in the affected ear. Any hearing loss may cause educational and social disadvantage for the child, particularly if present over a long period of time.


We report the expression pattern of a Drosophila transcription factor, Drosophila regulatory factor X (dRFX), which belongs to the RFX winged-helix transcription factor family. dRFX is distributed in type I sensory neuron lineage of the peripheral nervous system throughout Drosophila development and thus represents the ®rst described type I lineage characteristic marker in Drosophila. In addition, dRFX is also detected in the brain throughout development and in spermatids in adult  ̄ies. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


Rice plants defend against the agriculturally important bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) with XA21— the first characterized of more than 350 predicted rice immune receptors, according to Pamela Ronald at the University of California, Davis (UCD). Last year, she and her collaborators identified three Xoo rax genes required for activating XA21-mediated immunity in the plants that this pathogen infects. These genes suggest that tyrosine sulfation plays "a key functional role in the process," they say, calling the newly identified tyrosine-sulfated protein that they encode "RaxX." Details appeared in 24 July 2015 in Science Advances (2015:1:e 1500245).


The invention relates to a rake tooth type remote decontamination device and belongs to the technical field of flood control and emergency rescue boats and shallow fast landing operation boats. The rake tooth type remote decontamination device adopts the following structure that: a rake tooth mechanism is arranged at a water intake grille, rake teeth are matched with strip-shaped water inlet holes of the water intake grille, one end of a rake tooth shaft is fixedly connected with a rake tooth handle, and the rake tooth handle is pulled by a flexible shaft to enable the rake teeth to rotate by an angle over 35 degrees towards the outer side of the water intake grille. When a water inlet is plugged by soft floaters such as fishing nets, aquatic plants, plastic bags and ropes which exist at the water intake grille, the soft floaters are pushed away by rotating the rake teeth outwards and stemming is washed away by water flow produced when the boats travel forwards. The decontamination device can be remotely controlled through the flexible shaft so as to overcome the defects that the water inlet of a water jet propulsion device is easy to plug and difficult to clean up, and is simple in structure and convenient to use, thus being welcomed by users.


Cirebonese society and its culture grew and developed from a long history of the oldest Islamic Sultanate in West Java led by Sunan Gunung Jati. As the King of the Sultanate and at the same time called the Waliyullah , such a variety forms of tradition are held as the cultural expression of his citizen. One of it is the oral tradition pepujian . This tradition has been exist in the mid of the society until now . This research is conducted as a study of public religiosity. It is seen from the oral tradition pepujian is linked with the culture of the society. It is link with the idea of semiotics theory of Claude Levi-Strauss (1904) in anthropology studies using language approach. The methodology used is paradigm from the qualitative research. Through the linguistics anthropology framework, researcher involves in the community activities and being part of them. So it is eventually discovered that the oral tradition pepujian in the culture of Cirebonese speakers is a verse of poetry containing Islamic teachings about faith and worship. It is spoken in the form of song as an expression of their cultural religiosity. Keywords : Cirebonese society, culture, oral tradition, religiosity. RELIGIOSITY OF CIREBONESE SOCIETY CULTURE  IN THE ORAL TRADITION PEPUJIAN


WITH THE PROCEDURE AND ARRANGEMENT PROPOSED FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF USE OF TOLL FOR ROAD TRAFFIC AND AREAS OF TRAFFICKING, THE AMOUNTS OF TOLL ARE CALCULATED WITH THE HELP OF A DEVICE INSTALLED IN THE VEHICLE ON THE DATABASE POSITIONAL AND RATE . DATA ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH A SYSTEM OF DATA TRANSMISSION TO A CENTRAL POINT, WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF VERIFICATION OF PROPER AMOUNT.


The article analyzes the basis of China's continuously increasing sex ratio at birth since 1980s,holding that the direct cause for the rise is the illegal tests for fetal gender,while the deep-rooted ones lie in the lower level of the rural economic development,the imperfect social security system resulted from the low level,and the lack of effective measures and policies to call for public acknowledgement of gender equality.Therefore,the author advances the concrete measures: to construct a new socialist bearing culture,to constitute relevant polices on improving women's social status,to intensify the construction of relevant regulations and laws,to perfect social security systems and to learn from other countries' successful experiences.


In this COVID -19 pandemic dentists are at high risk of cross-infection. The dental practice is a source of cross contamination in the absence of adequate preventive measures. As COVID -19 is highly contagious and use of air rotors adds to air born route for transmission and dentist's proximity to the oropharyngeal area of the patient, a dental professional is always at higher risk. Therefore all the dental students and professionals should be competent with knowledge and must be aware of precautionary methods, social distancing, sanitization and vaccination.

The present study is aimed to assess the attitude towards COVID-19 in dental college population

This study was conducted among 200 participants, the faculties and students in a dental college. A ten questions multiple choice questionnaire form was prepared on effect of COVID-19 on participant's life and distributed among the participants who were divided into two groups as faculty & students, in the dental college and their response was tabulated and analyzed.

The results of this study suggested that majority of participants of both the groups strictly followed precautionary measures, followed social distancing, taken both the doses of vaccination and showed positive attitude towards prevention of further spread of corona virus.

The participants in this study seemed to be aware of the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and had good knowledge, attitude and selfcare practice, which are necessary in preventing the spread of COVID-19.


In this work, a new form of solution resulting from non-linear equivalent electrical circuit of the piezoelectric (YX1)0deg GaPO4 resonators is given. The influence of the excitation current on the resonant frequency and its mathematical description makes necessary the introduction of a non-linear impedance characteristic of the piezoelectric resonator. This influence was modeled by the non-linear electrical equivalent circuit; the equivalent series resistance, equivalent motional inductance, and equivalent motional capacitance are taken to be functions of the amplitude of the excitation current by means of the relations derived in the work. The equivalent circuit was analyzed by the method of equivalent linearization. The relationships between the amplitudes of voltage applied on the Y-cut GaPO4 resonator and the first current harmonics or phases-frequency dependence of the excited resonator, respectively, are derived. Amplitude jumps are discussed


From the summit of Mount Wilson there lies before the observer an amazing spectacle—not the panorama of valley and mountain nor the stars of heaven spread across the sky, but the seemingly innumerable lights that stud the floor of the valley—more convincing evidence even, than can be had during daylight hours, that the habitations of several hundred thousand human beings lie below. In the foreground is the city of Pasadena, and beyond, Los Angeles, with the intervening space almost continuously illuminated; and still more remote, the lights of adjoining towns and villages reach out in slender lines that here and there touch larger groups along the coast. From mountain-foot to coast-line, a stretch of more than thirty miles, there is scarcely a break in the continuity of these conspicuous evidences of human life and activity. In other directions there are many isolated groups, some including only a few tiny glittering points of light, others larger, tho more compact, but likewise isolated, except as the brilliant headlight of an electric train or the lights of motor cars, slowly threading their way across the valley, suggest and symbolize all the intimate relationships that knit together the life of modern towns and cities. There is much in the spectacle to touch the imagination, but it is not the imaginative suggestiveness of the scene that demands our interest now, so much as a certain parallelism with the heavens above. Many things have been learned about the stars, but to understand them, to comprehend and make them a really vital part of our knowledge of the world about us, they must be pictured in terms of every-day experience, translated into language so familiar that we need give no thought to the medium in which the facts are set before us. On a black and moonless night, the glittering lights of the valley are not unlike a glorious constellation; and the analogies that may be traced between them and the distant stars should smooth away difficulties which otherwise would be encountered.


The age values of lepidolites from South Africa and from Varutrask as well as that of a microcline from Varutrask have been determined and are discussed in connection with determination according to the potassium-argon method, applied to the same materials A method is suggested which allows the spectrochemical determination of Rb and Sr with sufficient accuracy. The isotopic composition is determined by means of a Fabry-Perot etalon and hollow-cathode excitation, investigating the hyper-fine structure of the Sr line at 4078 A.


A procedure developed for free molecule modeling of plume backflow from a STAR™ 30BP solid rocket motor is presented for work performed in support of the Comet Nucleus Tour spacecraft mishap investigation. Good general agreement is established with DSMC flowfield results, with interesting deviations developing as the plume backflow approaches the spacecraft surfaces closely, providing insights regarding characteristics of the surface Knudsen layer. Also, investigation of related free expansion results indicate significant discrepancies exist between the rarefied techniques and the continuum results from which their starting surfaces were created. The nature of these differences suggests that convective fluxes to CONTOUR may have been much higher than the rarefied analyses indicated.


Remote pain of visceral disease does not always have qualities suggestive of visceral origin. However, pain in certain areas should arouse suspicion of abdominal disease. Lack of associated abdominal pain does not exclude an abdominal lesion as the source of the trouble. Remote pain may be either referred or somatic, and unless visceral causes are considered the true diagnosis may be missed.


Objective
To explore the clinical data of the pediatric malignant solid tumor and to summarize the experiences of the pediatric malignant solid tumor treatment in Guangxi.

Methods
The clinical data of 323 cases of pediatric malinant solid tumor, treated surgically in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Dec.1988 to Dec. 2008. Pathology, sex, age, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were analysed respectively.

Results
The most frequent histological types were malignant lymphoma, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma and malignant germ cell tumor. There was a male prevalence with a sex-ratio of 1.99∶1. The peak incidence in embryo tumor was under 3 years, and epithelium cancer was between the ages of 10-13 years. The main symptoms were palpable mass(56.3) and a few were found in health examination; 64.2% of the pediatric malignant solid tumor was of stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ; the complete tumor resection rate was 78.4%.

Conclusions
The characteristics of pediatric malignant solid tumor is different from those of adults. To detect as soon as possible and treat the pediatric malignant tumor as soon as possible depends on screening. Combined modality therapy can improve the patients complete resection rate and survival quality of the patients.

Key words:
Pediatric malignant solid tumor; Characteristic; Treatment experience


This paper investigates the use of colour and texture cues for segmentation of images within two specie d domains. The rst is the Sowerby dataset, which contains one hundred colour photographs of country roads in England that have been interactively segmented and classie d into six classes { edge, vegetation, air, road, building, and other. The second domain is a set of thirty ve images, taken in San Francisco, which have been interactively segmented into similar classes. In each domain we learn the joint probability distributions of lter responses, based on colour and texture, for each class. These distributions are then used for classic ation. We restrict ourselves to a limited number of lters in order to ensure that the learnt lter responses do not overt the training data (our region classes are chosen so as to ensure that there is enough data to avoid overtting). We do performance analysis on the two datasets by evaluating the false positive and false negative error rates for the classic ation. This shows that the learnt models achieve high accuracy in classifying individual pixels into those classes for which the lter responses are approximately spatially homogeneous (i.e. road, vegetation, and air but not edge and building). A more sensitive performance measure, the Cherno information, is calculated in order to quantify how well the cues for edge and building are doing. This demonstrates that statistical knowledge of the domain is a powerful tool for segmentation. Proceedings Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR'2000. Hilton Head, South Carolina. 2000.


Most oncologists are probably of the opinion that the immune system constitutes an important defense against the occurrence of cancer, a concept embodied in the term "immunologic surveillance" (1). However, increasing numbers of cognoscenti are now persuaded that the role of immunity has, in most tumor systems, been vastly overrated (2-5). I have begun to entertain the diametrically opposite hypothesis that an immune reaction, rather than killing incipient neoplasms, may actually stimulate them to grow (5-7). My purpose in this editorial is not to persuade you that the immune re action is a significant cause of tumor growth, but rather to persuade you that this hypothesis merits serious consideration. Before one questions whether the action of an immune response is predominantly stimulatory or inhibitory to target tumors, it would be weIl to ask whether or not the neoplasm stimulates an immune response of any kind. The answer may be affirmative in some systems, but it is by no means c1ear that this is always so, or indeed that this is frequently so. There appears to be no question about the fact that most tumors induced in the laboratory, either by viral, chemical, or physical agents are, at least potentially, immunogenic (8). The growths of transplants of these tumors can often be modified by specific immunization; in vitro tests of various kinds are often positive, and immunodepression of the host animals often leads to faster growth of transplants. Furthermore, in some viral systems it is c1ear that immunodepression potentiates the appearance and growth of the primary, untransplanted neoplasm, and converse1y, that vaccination is successful (8). In chemical tumor induction, potentiation of oncogenesis by immunodepression is difficult to demonstrate, perhaps partly because of the immunodepression produced by the oncogen itse1f (9). Positive, statistically significant reports exist, but they are nonetheless usually of marginal degree (10, 11). Failures have also been revealed, and one suspects that many negative results have not been reported (2). Under these circumstances, the real significance of the positive reports remains questionable. Most important is the fact that so-called spontaneous tumors in rodents, i.e., tumors that arise in low frequency, often in older animals and for no overt cause, are se1dom immunogenic (12, 13). (By immunogenic, I refer only to the capacity of a tumor to induce an immunity in vivo that will restriet to some degree the subsequent growth of implants.) In chemically induced tumors, immunogenicity tends to be directly re1ated to the concentration of the inducing oncogen; low concentrations that presumably mimic the spontaneous condition produce tumors of little or no immunogenicity (14). The reason for the low or nonexistent immunogenicity of spontaneous tumors or those induced by low doses of carcinogen is not yet known, and indeed it may vary from case to case. An absolute paucity of tumorassociated antigens is to be suspected, but alternatives such as induction of "blocking" factors, shedding of antigen, e1icitation of suppressor cells, or induction of a competing tumor-stimulatory reaction have, in most instances, not been ruled out. The possibility of course exists that "spontaneous" turnors might be more immunogenic at their inception and that this property is lost via immunoselection during tumor "progression" (8). That some selective effects do occur in relation to tumor immunogenicity has been directly demonstrated by Bartlett (15) and Bubenik et al. (16). However, tumors that arise in the immunologically free confines of tissue culture or in diffusion chambers are, unless a chemical or virus has been deliberately added, seldom immunogenic. This suggests that immunose1ection is not the fundamental reason for the lack of immunogenicity in spontaneous tumors (15, 17-20). Immunogenicity seems to be a property initially conferred by the oncogen, if one is overtly present; immunoselection can certainly then occur but need not be invoked to account for the lack of immunogenicity of spontaneous tumors or tumors induced by low doses of carcinogens. That the immune system does interact with spontaneous human tumors has been forcibly argued by loachim (21) in defense of the concept of immunologic surveillance. He has rightly pointed out that many human tumors, especially in the early stages of their evolution, are associated with an intense infiltration of lymphocytes and/or related cells. It seems reasonable to suppose that this infiltrate is indicative of immunologic recognition of the neoplasm. Furthermore, the presence of this infiltrate suggests that many human tumors may result from the action of chemical carcinogens and others from the action of oncogenic viruses. How many human neoplasms are really spontaneous in the sense of the spontaneous rodent tumors? In the rodent, the term spontaneous is perhaps best equated with tumors that arise infrequently and sporadically. However, this infrequency is usually in an inbred population in which all the members are at equal genetic risk. In man, where genetically susceptible individuals cannot yet be identified, it is possible that some tumors, thought of as spontaneous, may actually occur in nearly 100 % of the genetically susceptible populationl Are these then to be considered spontaneous, or are they more akin to those rodent tumors induced in high frequency


Previous doctor-patient research has investigated communication variables and patient satisfaction; however, very little empirical research has looked specifically at the information needs of expectant mothers. This study was designed to disco,er what types and amounts of information expectant mothers need during their pregnancy as well as their satisfactiou with the physician. Results indicated that while expectant mothers do receive a great deal of information from their obstetrician, they need more information on what to expect during labor and delivery as well as more information about breast feeding. Too much information was given on smoking aad drinking, and patients felt they got too much writ':en information. While expectant mothers tended to be very satisfied with their physician, older mothers scrutinized the doctor more carefully and were more critical. AN ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION NEEDS AND SATISFACTION OF EXPECTANT MOTHERS Review of Literature and Purpose The specialization of physicians and health s rvices seems to be marking an end to enduring relationships between patients and doctors (Daly & Hulka, 1975). In addition, the competition for patients is increasing as doctors realize that they are operating a business reliant upon customers. Patients are more frequently having to "shop" for a doctor whenever they have a particular medical need. Like many other businesses, doctors must be concerned with how to best satisfy their clients, and Costello (1977) has concluded that this parftcular aspect of the health care situation can best be studied from a communication perspective. Doctor-patient relationships serve three basic functions: 1) the physician's knowledge and skills are applied to the patient's needs, 2) the physician provides emotional reinforcement for the patient, and 3) communication of information between the physician and patient (Vuori, Aaku, Aine, Erkko, and Johansson, 1972). While the first function is generally accepted, the significance of the second two roles "may be underestimated by the medical profession" (Daly & Hulka, 1975, p. 148). Langer, Janis, and Wolfer (1975) have asserted that the patient's socio-emotional condition may be directly affected by the doctor. In addition, the patient's overall perception of self may be a product of relationships with "significant others" such as physicians (Sullivan, 1953). As for the third function, communication of information, it seems that


The present invention relates to an organic light emitting diode driving circuit comprising: a power storage unit, a first end is electrically positive, a second end electrically negative; signal input unit, a first electrical terminal and a second end opposite the first end and a second end electrically preset frequency variation; a control unit, a first end of the electrical signal input unit is negative, a second electric terminal is positive, a signal input unit to a first end of the organic light emitting negative anode charge transfer diode, the cathode end of the second organic light emitting diode transmitting a positive charge, the electric signal input terminal of a first cell is positive, the second end is electrically negative, so that a first electrical storage means to the anode end of the positive charge transport, the second end of the negative electric charge transfer to the cathode. The present invention enables the organic light emitting diode cathode electrons are accumulated, so that when the electric storage unit for driving the organic light emitting diode, may enable more electrons by the light emitting layer, so that the light emitting layer excited by the improved, more light.


A set of instructions titled "Secret" directing the 15th Garrison Battalion, dated 22 June 1918. The instructions are for the next morning (June 23rd) and direct the Battalions movements, location and dress. The troops are to be in full marching order with steel helmets at back of pack and the directions lead them to Lederzeele - St. Momelin road.


Studies of the animal brain have long suggested that the pain of social loss evolved from the capacity to feel physi- cal pain. The most robust communality is the fact that both separation distress and physical pain share some brain systems, especially the opioid modulation of the affective intensity of both. The following essay summarizes this ev- idence and discusses some implications for pain management. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.)


Objective To describe the prevalence of anxiety disorders and features in internal medical outpatients departments at general hospitals in Shenyang.Methods Stratified randomization cluster sampling was used to select 23 general hospitals for investigation,a total of 5750 outpatients had been investigated.Expanded version of General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12) was taken as a screen instrument to identify subgroups of the sample at high,moderate and low risk,then their diagnosis was made by using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P).Results The prevalence of anxiety disorders in internal medical outpatients departments at general hospitals in Shenyang was 4.68 %.The overall current rate of any anxiety disorders were 4.92%,the prevalence of non-specific anxiety disorders was the highest 2.91%,and that of generalized anxiety disorder was the next(1.51%).The patients with anxiety disorders were characterized by separation/divorce,45 years old and above in age,high educated background and high income.Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety disorders in internal outpatient departments at general hospitals in Shenyang is higher.The suffers are mostly those who are in separation or divorced,aged 45 or more,with high education background and high income.


The building stands In the main avenue in Almeria and successfully solves the different problems which its location involves: treating the frontage with a blend of suitable texture and colour; very careful formal plastic and pondered height and offset.
It is made up of:
— a commercial ground floor,
— first floor - offices,
— eight identical floors, with one dwelling per floor,
— attic, taken up by another slightly smaller dwelling, and
— an upper attic which houses the caretaker's dwelling and miscellaneous installations.
The strong vertical structure is made up of perimetre line components and a compact core of vertical circulations, in reinforced concrete.


Data center networks demand high-performance, robust, and practical data plane load balancing protocols. Despite progress, existing work falls short of meeting these requirements. We design, analyze, and evaluate Luopan, a novel sampling based load balancing protocol that overcomes these challenges. Luopan operates at flowcell granularity similar to Presto. It periodically samples a few paths for each destination switch and directs flowcells to the least congested one. By being congestion-aware, Luopan improves flow completion time (FCT), and is more robust to topological asymmetries compared to Presto. The sampling approach simplifies the protocol and makes it much more scalable for implementation in large-scale networks compared to existing congestion-aware schemes. We provide analysis to show that Luopan's periodic sampling has the same asymptotic behavior as instantaneous sampling: taking 2 random samples provides exponential improvements over 1 sample. We conduct comprehensive packet-level simulations with production workloads. The results show that Luopan consistently outperforms state-of-the-art schemes in large-scale topologies. Compared to Presto, Luopan with 2 samples improves the 99.9%ile FCT of mice flows by up to 35 percent, and average FCT of medium and elephant flows by up to 30 percent. Luopan also performs significantly better than Local Sampling with large asymmetry.


. At room temperature pure acetic anhydride acts very slowly on qil7.fibroin. The free-amino groups of th,e protein are not completelil acet?;lated in 4.~ hours, while the tyrosine hydroxyl groups are only slightly acetylated in 7 days. The acetyl (CHaCO) content reaches 3.5% in 72 I7our.s. The original white color of fibroin remains completely 1lnchanged by long contact between the fibres and acetic anhydride at


A method for calculating the parameters of shock pulses generated in rolling bearings due to the presence of radial clearance in them is proposed. The method is a further development of theoretical research in the scientific direction of vibration-pulse diagnostics in relation to the operational assessment of the technical condition of bearing units as components of the gear drive mechanism, which largely determine the drive resource as a whole. The calculation is based on the consideration of the precession movement of the bearing axis, which it makes during the rotation of its shaft, and the theory of shock interaction of elastic bodies by G. Hertz. The mechanism of occurrence of shock pulses has been studied with an additional introduction to the calculation of the radial force acting on the shaft. It is shown that wear, which causes an increase in the working radial clearance between the races and the rolling bodies in the bearing, increases the speed and amplitude of the impact interaction of the inner ring with the rolling bodies. An example of calculating the parameters of shock pulses in ball radial single-row bearings of the 307 series is given. Conclusions are made about the prospects of using the developed method for diagnostics and forecasting the remaining life of bearings of transmission units of mobile machines.


Snow depth estimates remain a large uncertainty for constraining the accuracy of sea ice thickness retrievals from polar altimetry. There have been several recent investigations into methods for estimating snow depth from airborne observations over sea ice; this poster outlines a comparison between two different methods applied to Operation IceBridge data from the Spring 2016 campaign. The first co-locates visible-band laser scanner data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper with Ku-band data from the CReSIS radar, using a fixed threshold first-maximum retracker algorithm for retracking radar waveforms and applying a calibration step to remove the vertical offset between sensors at leads. This method represents an airborne proxy for the newly-aligned ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 orbits of the Cryo2Ice campaign. The second method uses the conventional CReSIS ultrawide-band frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave ‘snow radar’ system, that ranges between S- and C-band, applying the retracker algorithm described by Newman et al 2014. We evaluate properties of the estimated snow depth distribution, and alignment of air-snow and snow-ice interfaces, along the aircraft track and the scale of correlation between sensors.


The present invention is a medicament for treating PIPKIIbeta related disease, a method of modulating IIβ type phosphoinositide staggered phosphate kinase (PIPKIIβ). The present invention also provides a method of identifying a candidate agent for treating PIPKIIβ related diseases.