The Yindonggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn deposit is a quartz-vein system hosted in metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the Wudangshan Group in the southern Qinling Orogen. The Ag-Au mineralization is controlled by the Yindongyan anticline. The hydrothermal ore-forming process can be divided into four stages according to mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships of the veinlets, from early to late: (1) fine grained quartz-sphalerite-galena vein; (2) fine grained quartz-silver-gold vein, containing minor pyrite; (3) coarse grained quartz vein, with minor galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite; and (4) ankerite-quartz vein. Most of the Ag-Au ores are formed during stage 2, and Pb-Zn ores are formed during stage 1. Three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) are distinguished in this study based on petrographic and microthermometric criteria, NaCl-H2O, CO2-H2O-NaCl and CO2-CH4 fluid inclusions, respectively. All of the three types of FIs can be observed in the hydrothermal quartz of stages 1 and 2; while only the NaCl-H2O inclusions occur in the stage 3. FIs of stage 1 are mainly homogenized between 308℃ and 436℃, with salinities ranging from 5.1% to 10.2% NaCleqv. The stage 2 FIs yield homogeneous temperatures of 220~375℃ and salinities of 2.0%~10.7% NaCleqv. FIs of stage 3 are homogenized between 122℃ and 272℃, with salinities of 0.4%~7.2% NaCleqv. The estimated pressures range from 330MPa to 463MPa in stage 1, 180MPa to 366MPa in stage 2, corresponding to the depths of 12.5~17.5km and 6.8~13.8km, respectively, suggesting regional compression might cause somewhat tectonic overpressure. The δ18OW decrease from 6.6‰ in the stage 1, to -1.2‰~0.4‰ in the stage 3, with the δD changing from -74‰ in stage 1 to -48‰~-73‰ in stage 3. The δD vs δ18OH2O plots show a shift from metamorphic water towards meteoric water line. Thus, we suggest that the original ore-forming fluids are metamorphic in origin which is characterized by mesothermal, low-salinity and CO2-rich. The fluid mixing have took place during ore-froming process and resulted to metal deposition. Therefore, the Yindonggou deposit can be genetically assigned to be orogenic-type mineral system.


The susceptibility of Alloy 600 to Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) has proven detrimental to several nuclear power plant components. Repair, modification or replacement of the components to mitigate the effects of PWSCC on Alloy 600 has been deemed necessary. In some cases, repair or replacement of plant components can be exorbitantly expensive; therefore, modification of the components is necessary to keep the plant operable. A form of modification is surface stress improvement, which alters the stress state of the material. Changing the stress state of the material eliminates one of the contributing factors required for the propagation of PWSCC. This paper discusses the application of surface stress improvement technologies to commercial nuclear power plant components and provides insight to where these technologies can be employed in the future.Copyright © 2005 by Framatome ANP Inc.


(57) Abstract: taking a correlation between one digital code with a predetermined one of the sequence of signal sample values to generate a correlation value relates to a shift of the relative signal sample value sequence to a predetermined code Method. The method combines the subgroup signal sample values in the sequence to form a plurality of sets of preliminary combination, a plurality of chosen by then choosing one preliminary combination from each set of preliminary combinations It is achieved by providing a preliminary combination. Then, by adding or subtracting the plurality of selected preliminary combined to produce a correlation value corresponding to a shift in the signal samples sequence.


The generalized $k$-connectivity $\kappa_k(G)$ of a graph $G$ was introduced by Hager before 1985. As its a natural counterpart, we introduced the concept of generalized edge-connectivity $\lambda_k(G)$, recently. In this paper we summarize the known results on the generalized connectivity and generalized edge-connectivity. After an introductory section, the paper is then divided into nine sections: the generalized (edge-)connectivity of some graph classes, algorithms and computational complexity, sharp bounds of $\kappa_k(G)$ and $\lambda_k(G)$, graphs with large generalized (edge-)connectivity, Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results, graph operations, extremal problems, and some results for random graphs and multigraphs. It also contains some conjectures and open problems for further studies.


In this article, we review recent studies on the use of immunosuppressive agents in autoimmune diseases, especially cyclophosphamide. In addition, we begin with a special section on the treatment of scleroderma lung disease, including controversies regarding the indications for immunosuppressive therapy. Scleroderma lung disease is justifiably regarded as one of the "frontiers of medicine" because of its gravity, its often rapidly progressive nature, and the urgency with which improved therapy is needed.


The present invention relates to a non-native oxidized permanent hair lotions and preparation method Black, Black hair lotions formulated using natural raw materials, the No. 1 and No. 2 water hair hair water, hair water 1 clove penetrant, cysteic acid as a reducing agent, gallic, Ke promoter, gallic pigments, Angelica nutrients; 2 copperas water as hair coloring agents, hair reacted with water No. 1 dye component black pigment polymerized macromolecules. The present invention is in the use of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the osmotic agent, combined with the use of natural hair keratin reducing cysteine disulfide cutting hair healthy hair increasing die gap, so that medicine pigment molecules into the hair and the hair easier die gap, so that the dye more black hair more firmly, and hair scalp wash off easily run into the water, only once during heating and use, easy to be more acceptable to consumers.


Data are reported for two rotors (1.44 and 5.88 pounds) supported by externally pressurized gas bearings. Comparative plots show that the effective spring rate for synchronous whirl (a function of pressure) also serves to account for the shaft displacement under gravity load and under low-frequency impact loading. Exceptions are noted at the half-speed whirl threshold and at low speed and low pressure. Some explanation is offered for these discrepancies, as well as for observed displacements somewhat in excess of that predicted on the basis of the linear spring, under impact. Contributed by the ASLE Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearing Lubrication and presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers held in Detroit, Michigan, May, 1965.


The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the 120-140 J/cm energy for EVLA in patients with diabetes. Material and methods. The outcomes of 40 patients with varicose disease and diabetes mellitus as a comorbid condition were analyzed. Forty patients with varicose disease and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the investigation. There were 27 women (67.5%) and 13 men (32.5%). The average age of the patients was 59.5±1.18 years, ranging from 44 to 74 years. The blood glucose level was 184.5±11.6 mmol/l, and the concentration of glycohemoglobin was equal to 8.5±0.25%. The average duration of the diabetes history was 10.6±0.91 years. Biolitec ELVeS Radial 2 Ring Fiber diode device and laser with 1470 nm wavelength and 120 – 140 J/cm energy were used for EVLA. VCSS results and recurrence rates were subjected to analysis in 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year following the treatment. Results. The outcomes of the EVLA with high power energy for the treatment of varicose disease in patients with diabetes were not enough highlighted. The total VCSS score was for the right lower extremity: 4.75±0.725 - 1 week after EVLA; 1.93±0.547 - 1 month later; 0.79±0.306 - 6 months after; 0.36±0.151 - 1 year after; respectively for the left lower limb 5.37±0.806 - 1 week; 2.6±0.643 - after 1 month; 1.06±0.351 - after 6 months; 0.62±0.034 - after 1 year. 1 week after EVLA, there was an intense decrease in the pain index in the right lower limb, and after 1 month, almost 90% of the patients had no pain at all. In the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, the pain had completely disappeared, and only 1 person reported having episodic pain. This trend is also reflected in the left leg. The intensity of pain in the left leg decreased significantly after 1 week of EVLA. During all observations, the intensity of pain was statistically significantly less than in the previous examinations (p<0.05). In the short term after EVLA the rapid reduction of the intensity of pain and oedema, and the disappearance of chronic venous insufficiency symptoms ensured earlier rehabilitation of patients. The recurrence was observed in 1 case (2.5%). Conclusion. 120-140 J/cm of energy was approved as an optimal density for the EVLA in patients with varicose and diabetes mellitus.


The Mafia and Institutional Choice In 1982, Filippo Sabetti made a significant contribution to our understanding of the "Sicilian Problem" and the rise of the Mafia. Sabetti's thesis and analysis of the town of Villalba (as it is called in the second edition; it was called Camporano in the first) was couched in the assumptions of rational choice institutionalism; a methodology that consequently betrayed both originality and prescriptive clarity with regard to the concrete problems associated with Sicilian village life. This review of the second edition, which is now entitled Village Politics and the Mafia in Sicily, will offer several observations pertaining to how Sabetti's perspective can influence the theoretical orientation of future sociological-historical work on the relationship between civil society, politics, and the Sicilian Mafia. Perhaps the most crucial methodological point regarding this study is Sabetti's overriding emphasis on the "real" people and the concrete social, economic, and political conditions they have faced and lived with for over a century. This explicit emphasis echoes that of Marx in The German Ideology, and a variety of other materialist approaches in the social sciences. This emphasis prevents Sabetti from engaging in fanciful generalizations or speculation that are not theoretically enriching or historically informed. Thus, the focus always remains on trying to account for the daily pressures and relations of villagers without them tolerating any out-of-touch government policies. Indeed, the book highlights the destructive effects of government policy bereft of empirical validity—primarily, its distortions of empirical reality that lead to the misappropriation of funds and human work. To a significant extent, Sabetti's analysis represents a hybrid of, on the one hand, the civic concerns of the Social Capital tradition (Putnam, 1997) and, on the other, the analytical assumptions found in theories of collective action or mobilization, as propounded by several scholars, most notably Charles Tilly (1978). That is, it is mainly concerned with the "ways that groups acquire resources and make them available for collective action" (p. 7). The study is essentially an application of the rational actor model to the problem of mobilization, but in the context of broad institutional arrangements. Through this compound perspective, the central thesis of this book,


Quantum secure direct communication protocols offer confidential transmission of classic information over the quantum channel without a prior key agreement. The ping-pong based protocols provide asymptotic security and detailed analysis of the security level provided by each variant of the protocol is required. The paper presents a general method of calculation of the eavesdropped information as a function of the attack detection probability. The method is applied to the ping-pong protocol based on completely entangled pairs of qudits. The lower and upper bound on the amount of the leaked information is provided.


Abstract: The name Tola was given to a sweet potato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] variety with the pedigree of TIS 884-40, which was developed by Bako Agricultural Research Center between 2007 and 2010. The Tola variety and the other pipeline sweet potato genotypes were evaluated against the standard check ( Balo ) across three locations; Bako, Gute and BilloBoshe for two consecutive years (2009 and 2010) under regional variety trial. The variety Tola out-yielded the standard check ( Balo ) by about 80.378%. The variety also showed resistance to major disease and insects and it was found to be stable over the tested locations. Keywords: Genotypes; Ipomoea batatas ; Pedigree


Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system for Malaysian Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is not just a technological challenge. It is a socio-technological endeavour which mandates modifying existing applications and redesigning business processes to facilitate ERP system implementation. Most Malaysian SMEs cannot afford to adopt an existing ERP system due to the extremely high cost and complex implementation. The ERP system implementation literature contains many case studies of organizations that have implemented ERP system successfully. However, many Malaysian SMEs do not achieve success in their ERP system implementation. There are very few studies have represented and developed critical success factors of ERP system implementation projects highlighted for SMEs. This research seeks to explore the critical success factors for successful ERP system implementation in Malaysian SMEs. The research method is based on a case study within Malaysian SME to perform a critical success factors model of ERP system implementation adoption which has validated by a number of SMEs in Malaysia. The proposed model will help outline the critical factors that should be considered by Malaysian SMEs in uccessfully adopting ERP system.


We investigate the quench dynamics of the transverse field Ising model on a finite fully connected lattice as a prime example of non-equilibrium mean field dynamics. Using a rate function approach we compute the leading order corrections to the mean field behavior analytically. Our focus is threefold: i) We analyze the validity of the mean field approximation and observe that deviations can occur quickly even for large systems. ii) We study the variance of the order parameter and identify four qualitative different regions that cannot be distinguished by solely looking at its mean. iii) We derive the complete entanglement Hamiltonian for a bipartition of the lattice, which remarkably turns out to be a time-dependent harmonic oscillator within the validity of the mean field analysis.


Using extensive interview and committee testimony data across two contrasting sets of interests (environmental and labor), this article exaines the effects of changing House institutional structure on legislative lobbying. Specifically, I argue that the institutional context of the posreform House has altered the role of lobbyists as information providers by expanding the scope of the conflict to different committees, forcing groups to lobby a wider variety of legislative actors. Relying upon a ditinction between 'technical' and 'political' information, I contend that the effect of decentralizing reforms is strengthened or attenuated by the informational focus of the interest group. Using longitudinal committee testimony data (1959-92) for ten groups, I show that the mid-1970s House reforms had differential effects on environmental groups and labor unions-in part, depending on group informational focus. The results have implications for studies of lobbying tactics, theories of information provision, and models of legislative institutional structure.


In order to solve the disadvantages of the existing full duplex communication, the invention provides an antenna array and a communication method used for the full duplex communication. The antenna array comprises a first sub array with a plurality of first antenna elements and a second sub array with a plurality of second antenna elements. At the same time, one in the two sub arrays is used for sending a signal, the other one is used for receiving a signal, and thus the full duplex communication is carried out, wherein the first sub array and the second sub array are separated, and the polarization direction of the first antenna elements of the first sub array is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second antenna elements of the second sub array. The antenna array has a high isolation degree between full duplex receiving and sending, and the self interference of full duplex receiving and sending is reduced.


This research which adapts a critical approach to analyze written discourse is intended to take the explanations and interpretations of the ideological relationships to the more applied spheres of translation. The competent translator goes through a seemingly roundabout process of analysis transfer and restructuring in order to achieve dynamic equivalence. Awareness of the complexity of the translation process and avoidance of the simplistic view which regard translation of political discourse as the mere process of transferring words from one text to another will result in realizing the importance of the ideology underlying a translation. In the present study we examined how underlying, socially shared representations as well as personal models may influence the structures of discourse. Through an analysis of the ideologically based discourse of politics in the editorial articles in newspapers all with the same subject, we have obtained some insight into how various categories in different levels of discourse play a role in the production of meaning. The empirical implications of this study draw out attention to the importance of acquiring critical awareness of power and ideological relationship in political discourse. We have obtained some insights on why the knowledge of both microand macro-text processing and awareness about the process of naturalization of ideologies on discourse levels should form an essential portion of the translator's skills. On the other hand, the competent translator should also be able to denaturalize the discourse devices used to persuade the audience.


This paper describes the implementation of a poster assignment in a writing and information literacy course required for undergraduate Life Sciences and Environmental Biology majors with the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at McGill University. The assignment was introduced in response to weaknesses identified through course evaluations. Students were not making the connection between what was being taught by the librarian, the information literacy portion, and the course lecturer, the grammar and writing portion, because most lectures and all assignments were handled separately. Students also had trouble tying the relevance of this this required course to their other science courses. A poster assignment holds many advantages, one of which is a clear connection in course content between the two sections, as well as being a common communication method in the sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Abstract The intermolecular interaction in nematic solvent was studied for binary nematic mixtures of MBBA with n-alkyl alcohol (carbon number of n-alkyl group, n, is between 4 and 14, and concentration of n-alcohol is 4 mol%) by dielectric relaxations. When n is between 5 and 9, a long range-intermolecular interaction decreased by adding n-alcohol, but underwent no change with n-alcohol, when n is larger than 10. From the above results, it was concluded that n-alkyl alcohols between n = 5 and 9 exist as rigid and nonlinear shaped molecules in the nematic solvent, and that the higher alcohols above n = 10 are considerably flexible.


Grammatical error correction (GEC) requires a set of labeled ungrammatical / grammatical sentence pairs for training, but obtaining such annotation can be prohibitively expensive. Recently, the Break-It-Fix-It (BIFI) framework has demonstrated strong results on learning to repair a broken program without any labeled examples, but this relies on a perfect critic (e.g., a compiler) that returns whether an example is valid or not, which does not exist for the GEC task. In this work, we show how to leverage a pretrained language model (LM) in defining an LM-Critic, which judges a sentence to be grammatical if the LM assigns it a higher probability than its local perturbations. We apply this LM-Critic and BIFI along with a large set of unlabeled sentences to bootstrap realistic ungrammatical / grammatical pairs for training a corrector. We evaluate our approach on GEC datasets on multiple domains (CoNLL-2014, BEA-2019, GMEG-wiki and GMEG-yahoo) and show that it outperforms existing methods in both the unsupervised setting (+7.7 F0.5) and the supervised setting (+0.5 F0.5).


An agent for eliminating singlet oxygen which comprises a colloidal solution of a platinum group metal; and a composition comprising the agent as an effective component. Said composition is useful for inhibiting various reactions which singlet oxygen concerns and frequently cause the aging, prompt blackening or damage of a skin and the like. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


Semi-transparent surfaces for cutoff of the fields in the shadow domain of an antenna are considered. For relatively large screen sizes, the analytical synthesis procedure of the grid impedance is formulated in the approximation of geometric optics (GO), which provides a purely real impedance. For smaller sizes, a numerical procedure to synthesize realizable complex impedance has been implemented. A prototype of the compact antenna system with lossy semi-transparent impedance surface has been developed. No noticeable degradation of the antenna gain in the open space domain has been detected. Perspectives for further reduction in the screen size by employment of a dual-current layer are discussed; estimates of the serial impedance of the magnetic portion are provided.


Currently, the underlying medical conditions in China lag behind those in urban areas. There are some problems such as lack of resources of primary ophthalmologists and insufficient fundus image of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with markers. To solve the above questions, an automated detection
 model of diabetic retinopathy based on the statistical method and Naïve Bayesian (NB) classifier is proposed in this paper. Firstly, three sets of texture features are extracted, which are gray-level co-occurrence matrix texture features, different statistical texture features, and gray-level
 run-length matrix texture features. Secondly, the extracted texture features are used as input of the Naïve Bayesian classifier to classify the fundus images of diabetic retinopathy into three categories. The proposed automatic detection model for diabetic retinopathy is validated by
 a data set consisting of 568 images from China diabetic retinopathy screening project. The positive predictive accuracy of the system is 93.44%, the sensitivity and specificity are 91.94% and 88.24%, respectively.


Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) is not a completely new phenomenon, yet an idea whose time has truly come. To have commercial organizations cooperate with charity organizations for mutual profit is a ...


Hitherto unknown in Buddhist art history, the topic of the sleeping and dreaming Bodhisatta/Bodhisattva the night before the Awakening is here recognized in 12th-13th-c. murals of Pagan.


Objective: To solve the unique communication difficulty in pediatrics, enhance medical students' skills and introduce SFM for the teaching and assessment of medical students' communication skills. Methods: 120 students from two classes were selected as research object; applied SFM to pediatrics skill teaching and assessment of SFM group while the conventional teaching method of teaching along with ward round of typical patients to traditional groups to compare students' questionnaire as well as performance in two groups. Results: The SFM group students' satisfaction in motivating learning interest, simulating/clinical communication environment, enhancing communication skill, clinical diagnostic ability and their test scores were higher than that of traditional group (P were 0.001, 0.000, 0.012, 0.026 ,0.001); the achievement scores of SFM group were obviously superior than that of traditional group (P=0.000). Conclusions: SFM can motivate students' learning interest and comprehensively enhance students' pediatrics communication skill, which deserves clinical teaching application.


This invention relates to terpolymers containing, as polymerized units, at least one first monomer selected from vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers and vinyl carbonates, at least one second monomer of a monocarboxylic acid ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and at least one third monomer of a ANHYDRIDE A dicarboxylic acid. PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS, saponification or saponification followed by oxidation of terpolymer terpolymer RESULTS IN DERIVATIVES WITH ENHANCED PROPERTIES CLEANERS AND IMPROVED biodegradability.


Auch Gutes kann sch ¨on sein, aber die Begriffe decken sich darum nicht. (GA, p. 136) Brentano's theory of value, derived from his philosophical psychology, attempts to locate an objective basis for the intrinsic value of both aesthetic and ethical contemplation through the intentional objects of emotions and desires. As theories of intrinsic value, Brentano's aesthetics and ethics are concerned with what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly, pleasurable and displeasurable, in and of themselves, and not merely as a means to an end. As objective theories, Brentano presupposes that our aesthetic and ethical evaluations, like our judgments or beliefs, are either correct or incorrect. In what follows, we will set forth some of the basic principles involved in Brentano's aesthetics and ethics and elucidate how Brentano attempted to provide a foundation for these disciplines using his descriptive psychology.


This thesis is dedicated to analysing the relationship between Islam and democracy and the role played by Civil Society in a process towards democracy. This theme is further elaborated through a comprehensive study of three modern Muslim intellectuals: Abdolkarim Soroush (Iran), Hasan Hanafi (Egypt), and Tariq Ramadan (Switzerland), and their thoughts about and views on Islam and democracy. Islam has often been portrayed in a stereotype manner where all forms of change are seen as impossible. The aim of this study is to go beyond this vision and instead focus one the role of Islam in processes of development and new forms of interpretation concerning democracy.

The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relationship between Islam and democracy. It also touches on the subject of different interpretations and definitions of democracy. The second part focuses on the role played by Civil Society when it comes to democracy and democratisation. Of certain interest is to investigate what sort of groups that are to be viewed as an intrinsic part of society and to examine the importance of their organizational structure. The third part discusses and compares the ideas about democracy and Islam put forward by three now living Muslim intellectuals. Soroush, Hanafi, and Ramadan represent different interpretations of Islam and democracy. They belong to different generations and political contexts which in turn has an impact on their views on both Islam and democracy.


A series of layered rare-earth hydroxides (LRHs) of (Y,Ln)2(OH)5NO3•nH2O ( Ln=Tb,Eu), have been synthesized via a hydrothermal route. Crystal structures and optical properties of the materials have been investigated in detail by the combined techniques of XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and PLE/PL spectroscopies. It is shown that Tb3+ and Eu3+ are successfully incorporated into the Y-LRH host lattice to form solid solutions. Under UV excitation, the binary (Y0.97Tb0.03)- and (Y0.97Eu0.03)-LRHs exhibit their respective characteristic photoluminescence of the Eu3+ and Tb3+ activators. The ternary (Y0.965Eu0.005Tb0.03)-LRH simultaneously shows red and green emissions and both the intensity and emission color can be adjusted by changing the excitation wavelength. Compared with (Y0.995Eu0.005)-LRH, the ternary (Y0.965Eu0.005Tb0.03)-LRH exhibits appreciably enhanced 615nm red-emission, which indicates the existence of non- radiative energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. The ternary (Y0.965Eu0.005Tb0.03)-LRH also readily undergoes anion exchange with a series of inorganic and organic anions at room temperature.


Steady-state heat transfer and pressure drop data for single-phase viscous fluid flows (2 ≤ Re ≤ 400) in a single-pass U-type counterflow plate heat exchanger (PHE) with chevron plates are presented. With vegetable oil as test fluid (130 < Pr < 290), three different plate arrangements are employed: two symmetric (β = 30 deg/30 deg and 60 deg/60 deg) and one mixed (β = 30 deg/60 deg). The effects of chevron angle β, corrugation aspect ratio γ, and flow conditions (Re, Pr, μ/μw on Nu and f characteristics of the PHE are delineated. The results show a rather complex influence of plate surface corrugations on the enhanced thermal-hydraulic behavior. Relative to the performance of equivalent flat-plate packs, chevron plates sustain up to 2.9 times higher heat transfer rates on a fixed geometry and constant pumping power basis, and require up to 48 percent less surface area for the fixed heat load and pressure drop constraint.


This study was conducted to find out the effect of a lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste(LSW) on the growth of chinese cabbage and soil pH. Two levels of the lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste treatment, 169 and , with N-P-K fertilization were tested, and treatments of N-P-K and N-P-K with slaked lime were included in the experiment as a control. Fresh weight of chinese cabbage at harvest was not significantly different among the treatments. However, in the LSW treatment of , fresh weight of chinese cabbage was 5% higher comparing to the N-P-K treatment. Contents of N, P, and K in chinese cabbage were higher in the LSW treatments in comparison to the control treatments. Competitive inhibition of Mg uptake by Ca in the treatments of LSW and lime was apparent. Soil pH was increased by the application of LSW, and the increase in the LSW treatment of was nearly the same as the soil pH increase in the slaked lime treatment. The lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste can be considered as a potential soil amendment for amelioration of soil acidity and supply of organic matter as well.


We present experimental evidence that ferromagnetic order at room temperature in ultrathin epitaxial Co(001) layers on Cu(001) substrates is stabilized by in-plane magnetic anisotropies. All relevant anisotropy contributions have been determined as a function of Co layer thickness with and without an additional Cu overlayer.


Three-flat tests are measurement procedures to separate errors in the interferometer reference wave-front from errors due to the test part surface. We present a comparison of several three-flat test algorithms.


The formulae of availability, dependability, system capability and operational effectiveness for weapon system of air-to-air medium/long range missiles are given and analyzed. The system capability under different combat modes and its effect on the operational effectiveness are also discussed.


Dry adhesion is a common strategy utilized throughout nature, allowing attachment of animals to a large range of surfaces. Crucially, it enables the animal to switch rapidly and safely between attachment and detachment in order to facilitate motion. Here we investigate the magnitude and directionality of the dry adhesion systems of a number of spider species. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the normal adhesion strength of a single setule. Secondly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to directly observe the interaction of a spider seta with an AFM cantilever tip and then, based on the known stiffness of the cantilever and the deflection distance, to estimate the adhesion force between them. The AFM-measured values for normal adhesion of single spider setules to a surface (9–16 nN) were similar to values predicted by the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model. In contrast, the force of adhesion, estimated from the SEM images, between the seta and the cantilever reached values as high as 10 μN, much higher than predicted by the JKR theory alone. With spiders, as with geckos, the principle of contact splitting leads to an increase in adhesion force. In addition, it was observed that significantly higher adhesion occurred when the setules were dragged laterally across a spherical surface in the proximal direction (i.e. towards the spider's tarsus). When pushed in the opposite direction, adhesion was greatly reduced. This confirms that the spider dry adhesion system is another example of directional adhesion.


Preface.- Introductory Remarks.- A Simplified Theory of ELF Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Transmission Line.- Overview of Power-Line Radiation and Its Coupling to the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere.- Radio Noise Level Due to Electric Power Lines and Its Relation to Line Design Parameters.- A Computing Model and Its Experimental Testing for an Evaluation of Electromagnetic Interferences Created by Interfering Circuits on Transmission or High-Voltage Lines above a Dissipative Ground.- Power Line Transmission and Radiation.- Assessment of Radio Interference from Power Lines Taking into Account Their Fluctuations in Time and Space (Abstract).- Natural and Man-Made Noise in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity at Extremely Low Frequencies (Schumann Resonances and Man-Made 'Interference').- Application of a Simplified Theory of ELF Propagation to a Simplified Worldwide Model of the Ionosphere.- Ground Observations of Power Line Radiation Coupled to the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere.- Power-Line Harmonic Radiation and the Electron Slot.- Satellite Observations of Power Line Harmonic Radiation.- Induction in Power Transmission Lines during Geomagnetic Disturbances.- Impacts of Solar and Auroral Storms on Power Line Systems.- Editor's Comments and Acknowledgements.


This paper describes an investigation of cosmic-ray-induced multicell error behavior in SRAMs. A combination of device- and circuit-level simulation was used to show that a parasitic bipolar effect is responsible for such errors, and the underlying mechanism is what we call a battery effect. We have also demonstrated, for the first time, that the maximum number of cell errors per cosmic-ray strike depends on the number of cells between well taps (Nc). The results are used as the basis of an error checking and correction (ECC) design guideline for the handling of cosmic-ray-induced multicell errors. The proposed guideline simply states that the allocation of memory cells to addresses should be based on consideration of the Nc. The architecture in its form reduces the soft error rate of an SRAM with Nc=16 by 88%.


Abstract : AGENDA: Distributed Single Simulation Framework (DSSF) Objectives; Notional Scenarios to be represented; DSSF Design and Truth Data Flow; Software Architecture; Hardware Architecture; Summary.


: In this supplementary material, we provide (i) further details about how we trained and evaluated our networks on the Oxford RobotCar dataset; (ii) a comparison of the requirements of our method vs. those of existing state-of-the-art approaches; (iii) additional experiments and discussion relating to our estimation of ego-motion and lighting changes, and our method's ability to generalise to another dataset; and (iv) compute time analysis for our method


Stepfamilies are challenging environments that can threaten the health and wellbeing of family members. Yet the reluctance of stepfamily members to seek assistance through family interventions has been well documented. This paper reviews research on interventions for stepfamilies, and examines Australian data from a stepfamily program designed to promote healthy stepfamily relationships. It explores the reasons why some stepfamilies seek help and the gains they report from stepfamily interventions.


X-ray computerized tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that has been used by the medical community for a number of years and is well documented. However, the adaption of this technique for the nondestructive evaluation of geotechnical material behavior is relatively new. For geologic materials, much of the work has been conducted by the petroleum industry to obtain physical property data on reservoir rocks. An expanded role of this technique is envisioned for investigating material behavior at the microstructural level. Particularly as the interest in developing constitutive models based on microscale physics continues.


With the support of 5G network technology and environment, the core business of education is also facing transformation and reconstruction. Due to the diversity of users in the education field and the diversity of contexts, their needs are relatively wide, and the business for each need is relatively accurate. As the 5G environment can mainly provide high-speed, high-bandwidth, low-latency, fast cache, and other services, this is also an important problem faced by traditional education services. This research will propose an innovative shared cloud platform design based on "5G + Smart Education" for the reform of the teaching system and analyze and evaluate its main functional characteristics. Finally, the development prospects and future research directions of 5G+ smart education are prospected.


A method of increasing the strength of the carbon fiber, the method using an electrostatic spray coating method will be applied to the fiber surface of the carbon nanotubes to cover the surface structural defects. Comprising: a carbon nanotube dispersion was formulated with spraying liquid, as a dispersion of dimethylformamide, acetone or ethanol, the content of the carbon nanotube coating solution is 10 ~ 40g / L; 10 to spray liquid application positive electrostatic 40kV, the carbon fiber tow and flat ground configuration spraying liquid acceptor; by electrostatic spray coating solution was sprayed to the surface of the carbon fibers, and carbon fibers in a weight ratio of the carbon nanotubes, the amount of spray is controlled to l, 000 (0.5 - 10) . After the repair carbon fiber tensile strength can be increased by 97%, compared with the prior art, the present invention has a simple process, low cost, high efficiency, good repairing effect of the structural defect of carbon fiber surface, etc., and easy to realize industrial application.


The paper discusses the essence, the content and the terms of the organization of pedagogical support of students professional self-determination at agrarian higher school.


We study gauge mediation models of supersymmetry breaking with a neutralino lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). These models are naturally realized by embedding the usual four-dimensional gauge mediation models into a higher-dimensional spacetime such as ${M}^{4}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}{/Z}_{2}.$ We calculate the relic abundance of the neutralino LSP in these models and show that there exist wide parameter regions where the neutralino LSP constitutes the dominant component of the cold dark matter. These regions evade constraints from collider experiments, such as Higgs boson mass bounds, and give values for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{b}s\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the muon anomalous magnetic moment consistent with current experiments.


Objective:To figure out the true feelings of schizophrene's caregivers in community when they took care of the patients,then to help them build better health status.Methods:Phenomenology methodology was used in this qualitative research.Twelve caregivers were interviewed.The transcript was analyzed based on the points of Edmund Husserl(1964).Results:Six themes were explored,which were psychological burden,physical burden,disease pressure,economic pressure,the negative effect on family structure,and insufficient care skills.Conclusion:Community health staff should pay more attention to the burden and pressure which schizophrene's caregivers were suffering,then help them solve the problems and improve their quality of life.


The American Medical Association (AMA) has threatened to go to court in an attempt to stop the implementation of a national clinical skills test for medical students.

The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) is hoping to implement the clinical skills test in 2004 for some graduating students, and it will become a national requirement for all graduating medical students in 2005.

The test has been designed as a simulated typical doctor's day. A student will see 10 standardised patients for …


ABSTRACT Typhoon Morakot hit Taiwan in August 2009 and brought torrential rain and high death toll to the region. The registered maximum cumulative rainfall depth approached the world record of the greatest point rainfall. In this paper, the risk of experiencing rain episodes of similar severity in Hong Kong was assessed using the Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model to simulate a direct hit of Typhoon Morakot to the city. A number of numerical experiments were conducted by transplanting the vortex of Morakot and the associated environmental conditions to the South China Sea to study the amount of rainfall that could fall in Hong Kong. The results revealed that the difference in the topography between Taiwan and Hong Kong alone accounted for more than 60% of the total rainfall registered in Taiwan. The enormous land mass of China to the north of Hong Kong would also weaken Morakot rapidly upon its landfall over the south China coast, causing a shift in its track and redistribution of rainfall, and a further reduction of the rainfall amount that Hong Kong would receive. Despite that, some experiments suggested that Hong Kong could receive nearly 800 mm of rainfall in 24 hours, a figure that would break the historical record of 697.1 mm set in 1889 in Hong Kong.


Static boundary-value problems of the elastic deformation of laminated structures formed by bending resistant plane layers (plates) are considered in continuum approximation. These are 2D problems for a half-plane and 3D problems for a half-space, with the boundaries being parallel to the layers. It is assumed that the distribution of normal displacements (deflections) is prescribed on part of the boundary, while the distribution of normal stresses is prescribed on the remaining portion of the boundary. The action of tangential stresses is neglected both on the boundary of the structure and on the interfaces between the layers. The normal pressure preventing from delamination is assumed to act normally to the layers. It is assumed, in addition, that this pressure is uniformly distributed and, hence, does not affect the deflection. Loading along the layers is assumed absent or as low as one can neglect the influence of this loading on the deflection of the layers. Basic types of boundary relations represented in the general form are considered. These relations are utilized to solve special problems, first for the 2D case and then for the 3D axially symmetric case.


We examine the interaction between financial and microeconomic decisions in a differentiated duopoly where additional willingness-to-pay for high quality is uncertain. Product specification is endogenous. We consider two three-stage games, according to the order of moves: qualities-financial structure-prices and financial structure-qualities-prices. Once debt is contracted, the manager maximizes equity instead of total value. We find that in both games debt a) increases both prices and qualities but most likely reduces product differentiation due to rival quality response; b) reduces the value of the levered high quality firm because it increases the low quality. Moreover, c) the cost of debt is higher for the second game, implying that it is higher for projects using debt to finance a product's development-cumcommercialization compared to those financing only the commercialization stage.


The structure of a multivariate, normed correlation function of amplitudes with angular diversity reception is investigated. Its partial correlations are identified, dependences of the characteristics of the function on the parameters of models of the propagation medium and the degree of directionality and orientation of the source and receiver antennas are explicated.


Training is critical to hiring and retaining information technology professionals. In order to improve the efficiency of the training of these professionals, a research model is proposed as a basis for future research regarding the methods that exist for assessing training needs in information technology professionals.


Purpose: The link from food insecurity to chronic diseases is well-known. However, the contribution of the number of days eaten fruits and vegetables consumption in the association between food insecurity and the incidence of diabetes among Indonesian adults is rather vague.  Methods: This study was obtained data from 3955 participants of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. The food insecurity measurement was using a World Food Programme (WFP) concept using food frequency questionnaire on a food consumption score analysis. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) test were used to test the hypotheses model while accounting for the health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics in this study.  Results: The GEE test was confirmed the negative association between food insecurity and diabetes in the adjusted and unadjusted model (p = 0.005 – < 0.001). The number of days eaten vegetables consumption was statistically negative associated with diabetes in both model (p = 0.006 – < 0.001). The number of days eaten fruits consumption was negatively associated with diabetes but not statistically significant in both models. The contribution of number of days eaten fruit and vegetables was related to the ability and/or knowledge of individuals to choose their meals, especially for people with diabetes.  Conclusion: Food insecurity is negatively associated with diabetes, with the contribution of less number of days eaten vegetables consumption. Strategies to improve the prevention of diabetes among adults may need an enrichment of fruit and a vegetable tailored-meal on the menu of the restaurant or food court or canteen together with the enrichment of nutrition education, into account.


In this work, the two-dimensional square driven cavity flow problem is solved by the finite difference method with a uniform mesh. The 3 rd-order upwind scheme and the 5 th-order upwind scheme are applied to the convective term in the vorticity transport equation. It is necessary that the approximation of the convective term is treated carefully. First, therefore, the accuracy of the convective velocity is considered. As a result, it is clarified that accuracy of convective velocity is important in the numerical flow analysis in which vorticity and stream function are unknown quantities. Next, comparison of the 3 rd-order scheme and the 5 th-order scheme is carried out. Finally, by adopting of the highest-order calculation condition, more accurate results than Ghia's data for high Reynolds numbers are obtained. The steady solution can be obtained for Reynolds numbers as high as 25000.


During the last decade intensive research has been conducted on the phenomenon of organ abscission in plants, as evidenced by several reviews (5, 9, 10, 40) and this symposium. Abscission is of interest because, among other things, a knowledge of the processes involved gives insight into the metabolism of cell walls, the ramifications of which are well known. Horticulturists have an additional interest, for a basic knowledge of this process has application in fruit production programs.


The FimH subunit of type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli has been determined as a major cause for urinary tract infections. In our previous study, the Adhesin/CTXA2B was expressed as soluble recombinant chimaeric protein derived from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesin genetically coupled to cholera toxin A2B (CTXA2B) subunit in Escherichia coli. Since it is very important to optimize IPTG concentration and culture temperature to maximize cell growth and productivity, These optimal culture factors were determined to increase the productivity of the expressed Adhesin/CTXA2B chimaeric protein in Escherichia coli TB1 carrying pMALfimH/ctxa2b. Our data demonstrate that optimal concentration of IPTG for increased production of chimaeric protein was 0.5 mM. Additionally, culture time was 10 hours and temperature, 37.


In this paper we deal with some new axiom schemes for Peano's Arithmetic that can substitute the classical induction, least-element, collection and strong collection schemes in the description of PA.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03F30, 03H15.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound and non-stress test(NST)in diagnosis of fetal distress.Methods A total of 80 fetuses between 37-42 weeks of gestation were divided into 2 groups--distress group and normal control group(n = 40 for each)and examined with color Doppler ultrasound and NST.Results The ratio of peak systolic to end diastolic flow velocity(S/D),resistance index(RI)and pulsatility index(PI)of fetal middle cerebral artery(MCA)had significant differences between fetal distress group and normal group.The sensitivity,specificity,the positive and negative predictive value of normal and distress group were 92.5 %,95.0 %,94.5 % and 92.7 % in fetal hypoxia by color Doppler and 75.0 %,62.5 %,66.7 %,71.4 % by NST respectively,the detection rate of fetal distress by S/D ratio was significantly higher than that in NST.Conclusion It is demonstrated that hemodynamic index(S/D)is superior to NST in diagnosis of fetal distress by χ2 test of paired comparison.


South Sudan, after the long civil war between North and South, is still remained war-affected. In order to find the opportunities for reconstruction and rehabilitation in South Sudan, SHF conducted fact finding missions and decided to prioritize the assistance by realizing suitable water and sanitation (WATSAN) facilities before starting a complete housing program. Therefore, BB4P as a building company working with SHF, wanted to develop WATSAN facility for South Sudanese BOP customers based on their Bubble-building concept. The goal of this project was, therefore, to identify the needs and demands of South Sudanese BOP customers in the areas of health, water and sanitation, and to develop the total system for the WATSAN units. In order to achieve the goal, five different research and design phases were planned and executed. The phases are: (1) exploratory research; (2) context analysis; (3) culture analysis; (4) optimal solution search; and (5) final concept proposal, evaluation, and recommendation. Throughout the explorative research, basic project knowledge was attained, and how to make the project successful was found. As the way to make a successful project, context and culture analysis was proposed as the research method not only to identify the WATSAN needs and demands of South Sudanese BOP customers but also to obtain other necessary information for developing locally tailored solutions, in other words, the solution ensuring the success of implementation. Context analysis found general problems, barriers, and opportunities around water and sanitation. At the end of the analysis, the synthesis result showed the complex problem model in South Sudan. By simulating hypothetical scenarios, eight significant factors were found and then they were again narrowed down to four focal points such as education, WATSAN, healthcare, and media. On the basis of these focal points, several possible solution models were suggested. Culture analysis found WATSAN specific problems, needs, preferences, their WATSAN products/services, behaviors, as well as their general mindset. During the synthesis of culture study, the target place and people were decided to primary schools and school children, and design requirements and design guide were formulated as well. Based on the design requirements and design guide, the initial product-service model in primary schools was created, and it was revised into the final concept throughout the optimal-solution search. The revised product-service model was evaluated, and recommendations were suggested at the end. As a main final result, a toilet unit includes ventilation-improved urine diversion toilet, waterless urinal, hand-washbasin using P.I.P.A. rain water harvesting system, wash-and-change room for girls, and cleaning materials; the primary source of water is harvested rain water; cleaning and maintenance system involves school health club, school farmers, cooks, and community caretakers. The final product-service model also includes (1) fence around the school, (2) trash separation/burning/recycling, (3) school health center and sickroom, (4) kitchen and school bathroom, (5) lulu tree farming for soap supply, (6) water filter for water treatment and distribution, etc. for the students' better safety, health, education, and more pleasant learning environment. The whole system creates jobs and helps increase overall health awareness in the community level as well. In order to make this project implementation successful and more sustainable, the first imperative future work was advised to let the exact users, cleaners, and maintainers (e.g., students and teachers) know and evaluate this solution model, and to make sure that they would like to adopt, build, use, and maintain this solution. Effective health and hygiene education (e.g., CHAST) and sector-wide approach should go together with the project implementation as well. The ideal scenario for the planning and implementation, and other necessary future works were suggested as recommendations too.


A variety of organic and inorganic compounds enter the atmosphere and biosphere through natural and anthropogenic sources. This book concerns sources of PAH, their emission factors, atmospheric reactions, and relative importance. It further deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, detection of PAH in the human body, and recent advances in determination of PAH by higher performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Finally, the handbook contains an update of information in selected research areas.


Objective: To explore whether nucleoside analog acycolovir(ACV) and gancyclovir(GCV) can inhibit the proliferation and induce the erythro differentiation of a K562 human myeloid leukemia cell line. Methods: K562 cells were cultured with ACV,GCV for 4 d to detect cellular changes. Results: When K562 cells grew in a medium containing ACV,GCV,the cellular growth and division were gradually suppressed, growth fracture decreased and further differentiation towards the cell producing hemoglobins was found. Conclusion: Nucleoside analog ACV and GCV can inhibit proliferation and induce erythro differentiation of K562 cells.


To provide a variety of applications of various modifications and improved digital communications digital communications. The present invention relates to various applications of the various modifications and improved digital communications digital communications. .FIELD 6


Preface Mahmoud Eid and Karim H. Karim ix Introduction: Imagining the Other Karim H. Karim and Mahmoud Eid 1. Religion and Civilization Jack Goody 2. On the Eve of the Napoleonic Invasion: Arab Perceptions of the World Nabil Matar 3. Through Tinted Lenses: Iranian and Western Perceptions and Reconstructions of the Other Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar 4. The Clash of Civilizations 2.0: Race and Eurocentrism, Imperialism, and Anti-Imperialism John M. Hobson 5. Perceptions about Muslims in Western Societies Mahmoud Eid 6. A Clash of Discourses: Femicides or Honor Killings? Yasmin Jiwani 7. Islamic, Islamist, Moderate, Extremist: Imagining the Muslim Self and the Muslim Other Karim H. Karim 8, Religious Conflict, Empire-Building, and the Imagined Other Richard Rubenstein 9. Translating Otherness Salah Basalamah Conclusion: Re-Imagining the Other Karim H. Karim and Mahmoud Eid


The invention relates to the preparation method of oil well cement water-reducing agent sulphonated acetone-formaldedyde condensation polymer.The ingredient of acetone,formaldehyde, sodium sulfite and water are compounded according to a definite proportion. Then carries on the hydrolysis reaction of sodium sulfurous, and adds the compounded liquid of formaldehyde, acetone and sodium pyrosulfite into the sodium sulfite solvent in batches.Through controlling the speed of adding the mixed liqud in sodium sulphite solvent to control the speed of reaction so as to solve the problems of not easy to control the reaction speed in past technique, serious evaporation of raw material, and unstable quality of products.The invented method utilizes the alkali formed by hydrolysis of sodium sulfite at the catalysis of the condensation polymerization reaction, so the addition of strong alkali as catalysis can be avoided, and the prod.cost can be reduced and the industrialized prod.can be easily made


Milk production in Romanias agriculture occupies second place in importance after meat production in 2007 and represented 21% of animal production and 8% of agricultural production. Milk is a highly perishable product, so it is necessary along the production chain - processing - use to be a logistical system that functionally able to provide consumer desired products in the shortest time, as appropriate and the superior quality parameters. A key feature of milk and dairy sector in Romania is the use of small quantities of total production of milk by processing companies, only 21% of estimated production of milk being delivered for processing, the rest being for domestic consumption (41%) , feed consumption (12%), the producer sold through street markets and direct sales to consumers with low incomes (26%). In Romania, the privatization process in the dairy farms has resulted in their fragmentation. Thus, the private sector has become predominant: in 2002, owns 99% of the herd of cows and provide 98% of milk production, but it is represented mainly by small family farms. In all countries there are 1.2 million dairy farms, which is concentrated in a flock of 1.7 million heads. Average size of holding is 1.46 cows, the highest share (95%) being held by households with 1-2 heads. Farms that have over 100 head is only 0.01% of total and 84% belong to the former state sector.


The emergence of software defined radio (SDR) aims to increase flexibility as well as reduce cost, size, weight and power (SWAP) inherent in traditional hardware radios. This paper is concerned with addressing issues associated with the formation of an array system from multiple SDR boards where each has an independent local oscillators (LO) in a multi-antenna system using representative examples such as localization and array shape estimation. In particular, practical experimental results are initially presented for estimating the unknown location of a single source using an SDR array of known array geometry. Furthermore, in the case that the SDR array geometry is unknown, a novel array shape estimation algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm estimates the antenna locations without requiring any external sources. This is achieved by allowing the array elements operate as transceivers.


A health evaluation study of Kraft Pulp Mill Workers in Prince Rupert measured the responses of a large sample of Mill workers (n=326) based on a health questionnaire, a medical examination, pulmonary function tests, rest-ing EKG and blood chemistry analysis. A smaller sub group (n=84) were tested on their response to exercise. On site measurement was made of contaminant gases in several mill areas shortly after the physiological and medical tests. Based upon the chemical analyses carried out, an Environmental Hazard Index was developed to quantify the degree of workers to mixed contaminants of various work sites. After the confounding influence of age, smoking, alcohol intake, family history of coronary artery disease and activity pattern were account -ed for, the residuals of the physiological and clinical dependent variables was related to the mean Environmental Hazard Index of groups of workers in different work sites. By this type of analysis, intriguing relationships become apparent between deficiences in physiological function and the size of the Environmental Hazard Index. This paper illustrates the relative ease with which deficiencies in any work place may be detected. This contrasts markedly to the ease with which practical solutions to remedy deficiences may be developed if any company is to retain its viability. Nevertheless a solution to the hazard considered in this paper may be the development of an individual Worker Health Hazard Registry which tags each worker's daily exposure and accumulates it to identify a danger point at which physiological deficiences occur. The worker would then be found other work at a contamination free site until his personal hazard index had declined to a low level.


The invention relates to a cheese packaging system controlled automatically and intelligently. The cheese packaging system comprises a cheese weighing machine, a cheese packaging machine and a cheese stacking machine. A left temporary cheese storage zone and a right temporary cheese storage zone are arranged on the left side and the right side of a cheese output conveyor belt respectively. When the sum of the total weights of N cheese storage stations is within the deviation range, preset in the system, of the total weight of N cheeses, a dispatching device pushes the cheeses on the N cheese storage stations onto the cheese output conveyor belt. According to the cheese packaging system, the procedures of all cheese packaging links are fully considered, and mechanical and automatic modification is carried out for all the links; the link joint between the cheese weighing machine, the cheese packaging machine and the cheese stacking machine is tight and reliable, moving mechanisms can work for a long time, and the packaging efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, the weight of a single batch of cheeses is precisely controlled, errors are reduced, and the economic benefits in all aspects can be remarkably improved.


Several series of compounds (benzoic acids, pyrazolecarboxylic acids, phenoxyacetic acids, and quinolinoxyacetic acids) were prepared and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PTP-1B. Several compounds showed submicromolar inhibitory activity.


A little over a century ago, historian Charles Francis Adams observed that recent elections had been "conducted on a level distinctly below the intelligence of the constituency; the participants in the debate have not been equal to the occasion offered them. Evidence of this is found in the absence of response."' The lack of response Adams had in mind was the failure of any campaign speech in 1900 to, as he put it, impress itself on the public memory. Today, the public's lack of response goes deeper, much deeper. The books under review explore three strata of the contemporary nonresponse among American citizens.2 Martin Wattenberg's slim volume provides a useful overview of the public's lack of response in terms of voting. Making good use of comparative data, the author begins by showing that declining voter turnout is a worldwide trend among the established democracies, notably since the end of the 1970s. This appears to be the result of a generalized decline in political parties' ability to mobilize voters. However, the turnout depressing dealignment of both old and new parties does not let Americans off the hook, since the United States (together with Switzerland) consistently ranks at the bottom of international turnout rankings. To jump ahead to the book's conclusion, one finds the Swiss pro-


The study looks into availability of recuperative energy potential from a typical landfill in Malaysia. Due to the rapid urbanization, rising population and lifestyle changes, the amount of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Malaysia is increasing year by year. The average amount of MSW generated in Malaysia ranges from 0.5 kg/person/day in rural areas to 1.7 kg/person/day in urban areas. There are huge amounts of waste generated and they need a lot of landfill space according to current practices. Once a landfill is full, another landfill area will be needed to dump the ever increasing wastes. This study focused on the landfill potential as a solid feed for a recuperative energy incinerator. Landfill energy potential from solid consists mainly of organic materials such as paper, food wastes, biomass and the soil. Since the potential energy from MSW materials were well known, the study delved mostly into the soil energy potential from the landfill in the form of its calorific values (CV). The CVs obtained from soil at various locations were in the range of 1.1 MJ/kg to 14.89 MJ/kg at a typical landfill in Malaysia. The CV values could be enhanced for incineration by mixing with MSW as well as co-firing with gaseous fuels.


Hebrews 13.9–14 is among the most difficult passages of the entire New Testament. Here, in the context of a warning against "diversified and foreign doctrines" (διδαξαì πoικíλαι καì ξεναι), a Christological argument occurs (13.11-12). It is obviously the intention of the writer to ground his objection to the "foreign doctrines" on this Christological basis. But the character of the doctrines opposed in these verses has remained an enigma to commentators inasmuch as the function of the Christological argument in this polemical setting has not been recognized clearly. However, a closer examination of the Old Testament passage which underlies the Christological argument in Hebrews 13.11 may provide a key for a fresh solution of the complex problems of this passage.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of adjacent segments degeneration after the first time cervical fusion by anterior approach, and to study the effects of the second surgical procedure.Methods 11 patients with adjacent segment degeneration after cervical fusion from Aug. 2004 to Oct. 2007, all of cases were studied retrospectively. These patients were treated with cervical intervetebral disc inscion, autbone grat and plate fixion after the first operation. The image study showed that both the segment up had degeneration; these cases were performed by the second operation. Results Follow up time after the second procedure was 17.5 months (6-38 months), it was satisfied for well-being fixing and fusion by X ray.Conclusion Adjacent segment degeneration usually occurs above the fusion segments. Satisfactory results may be got by the second operation for the patients of adjacent segment degeneration after the first time cervical fusion by anterior approach.[


The increase in electricity generation from wind and solar sources brings important changes in the operational and dynamic characteristics of the power system when it is subjected to major disturbances. One important technical problem is the risk of losing transient stability by progressively replacing of conventional generation with energy sources connected to the system through electronic converters, reducing the overall system inertia. However, the converters could potentially bring new opportunities of fast control to give support to synchronous generators connected to the power system in response to a disturbance. In this paper, a control strategy for the inverter is proposed based on the injection of the current identified as having the major participation in the variation of the synchronous machine rotor angle. The identification is based on the eigenvalue sensitivity analysis with respect to the rotor angle. The proposed method is tested in a hybrid system with a synchronous generator connected in parallel with an inverter, both connected to an infinite bus through two transmission lines. The dynamic response of the rotor angle is assessed simulating a two phase to ground fault. The results show that the inverter must absorb active power, releasing the kinetic energy stored in the rotational masses of the synchronous machine, and effectively reducing the rotor angle excursions.


The 'push down' of power through the process of devolution and decentralisation and the 'pull down' of power through action on the ground are reaching an exciting stage in Scotland, especially in relation to the national forest estate. This is happening within a political context of devolution in the United Kingdom, with the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999 and control of Scotland's forest estate passing to the Scottish Executive (government in Scotland). This paper outlines both the political 'push down' and the people's 'pull down' of power and tells the story of the people's movement to get access to land and natural


The commercial shipbuilding industry and the U.S. Navy have decreed that the aim of the "all electric ship" power system design is for survivability and continuity of electrical power supply. In general, ship service electric power and electric propulsion power requirements are approaching hundreds of megawatts. There are major challenges to the use of standard cable at medium voltage levels onboard due to cable stiffness, and cable bend radius requirements for distributing very high current around the ship. This paper examines the practical design and installation benefits associated with IBP as a possible alternative to shipboard electric power cable. Although IBP is widely used in the utility industry, the shipboard use of IBP is limited to several passenger cruise ships. No military shipboard installations have been performed to date. This paper examines the methodology of using IBP on shipboard applications and recommends procedures to follow at the preliminary concept phase of ship design. This paper recommends that the proven IBP prototypes and their models be the procurement specifications. The paper also recommends: inclusion of IBP application recommended practices in shipbuilding standards such as IEEE-45 and IEEE-1580; and inclusion of IBP in ABS rules for commercial ships, ABS NVR for naval vessels, and other national and international shipbuilding rules and regulations


The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of antibacterial drugs cefoxitin acid, step is: (1) is raw material with 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid, is hydrolyzed in basic solution, molten clear rear stirring, add adjust ph after ethyl acetate, crystallize out, obtains chemical compounds I; Chemical compounds I and NBS and sodium methylate react, and introduce methoxyl groups, obtain containing compound ii mixed solution for 7 at chemical compounds I; Compound ii and 2-thiophene acetyl reagent react, crystallization after introducing thiophene acetyl, obtains compound III; Compound III and the effect of ammonia methoxy acylating reagent, introduce carboxamide methoxyl group, obtain cefoxitin for 3 in compound III; Preparation process of the present invention is simple, and easy to implement, effectively raise yield, raw material is cheaply easily purchased, and reduces cost, is applicable to producing greatly.


In the capitalist society, the work is one of the most valued activities. There is a mutual relationship between labor, organizations, person and society, that is always in transformation. In this way, studies and surveys in this area are very relevant and the Psychology is very important to speak in the process and relations mentioned above. The education and graduation of the psychologist are the basis for his action and the Universities have to be always updated to graduate people that could act in the different psychology areas. For this reason, is important to study the Organizational Psychology area and our initiative to do a Survey of Organizational Psychology Courses Profile in Brazil, with the aim to show the scope, coverage and other details of this courses. To hit this aim this study was structured in the follow way. The first section give a brief history of the evolution of the concept of work, demonstrating its important relationship with psychology, as a constituent of the human being. The second section describes the Labor Psychology origins in the Brazilian and international canary, flow by the section third that point the actuation fields of this area. The four section presents a description of the current situation of courses in Organizational Psychology and Labor in Brazil, presenting the content of Universities, the subjects studied and its national scope. A critical analysis is carried out in section fifth, pointing to the Brazilian legal aspects of discipline and presenting a comparison of in Brazil and abroad. Section sixth brings the Final Considerations.


Surface/Depth: The Decorative After Miriam Schapiro efficiently delivered two arguments: First, to reappraise Schapiro as a formal pioneer, and second, to re-center her as a crucial precedent for artists today. This second point was made explicit by hanging Schapiro's work in the company of nine living artists: Sanford Biggers, Josh Blackwell, Edie Fake, Jeffrey Gibson, Judy Ledgerwood, Jodie Mack, Sara Rahbar, Ruth Root, and Jasmin Sian. (Figure 1) Surface/ Depth was great, really, for managing to smuggle these two meaningful objectives into one show, without ever exhausting the viewer or its own premise. A small survey of Schapiro's career, it also logically became a wellspring for a unique angle on contemporary art. "This juxtaposition," wrote curator Elissa Auther, in the exhibition's wall text and a forthcoming catalog, "of historic and contemporary work brings into focus the key, but unheralded, role Schapiro played in the reframing of craft and decoration in the American art world while highlighting ways in which the decorative continues to be utilized as a critical tool in art today." Measuring Shapiro's role in art's past and for its present makes sense, especially as other institutions historicize movements to which she was central. This includes two shows


This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial compensation and teaching motivation on the performance of SK Wahid Hasyim Glagah teachers considering the importance of human resource potential in a school operating system. This research was conducted at the Wahid Hasyim Glagah vocational school, the sample used was 100% of the number of teachers and used quantitative methods. The data were obtained statistically with the SPSS for windows 26.0 program. The results of the study simultaneously financial compensation and teaching motivation had a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMK Wahid Hasyim Glagah teachers. Partially, financial compensation and teaching motivation have a significant effect on the teacher's performance at SMK Wahid Hasyim Glagah.


Objective To investigate the harm of placenta praevia to mother and infant and to approach its prevention methods.Methods Among 8275 gravidas in hospital,106 cases with placenta praevias were taken as study group,106 cases without placenta praevias were taken as control group.Results Placenta praevia was frequently related to abortion、 and twins pregnancy;Placenta praevia was frequently complicated by antepartum bleeding,premature delivery and postpartum hemorrhage.The birth weight was lower and the rate of neonatal asphyxia was higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Placenta previa does much harm to mother and infant.Once placenta praevia being diagnosed,cesarean section should be considered at the right time.


LEQUEUX: The evidence for fragmentation is indirect. There is evidence for dumpiness in molecular clouds coming from a study of CS and NH3 lines. Roughly speaking, CS lines are saturated and their excitation (and brightness) temperature should not be very much smaller than the kinetic temperature. However the antenna temperatures measured are obviously much smaller, suggesting beam dilution and dumpiness. The situation with the NH3 lines is similar.


This book is designed to improve communication amongst those involved in dental health care delivery. A complete dictionary of 6000 terms commonly used in dentistry, it is intended as an aid for the precise use of the written and spoken word in the field. New to this edition are 866 new terms, included for oral surgery, orthodontics, periodontics, operative dentistry, implants, orthognatic procedures, occlusion and temporomandibular joint disorders.


To solve the integral saturation problem of the CVT ratio adjusting process, the conventional CVT ratio control algorithm was introduced and analyzed. An improved control algorithm was presented and named anti-integral saturation PID algorithm. The mathematical models of the CVT transmission and the whole vehicle were build separately. The simulation model of the whole vehicle with CVT was designed. Finally, the simulation experiments of starting with 5%∼40% throttle opening?acceleration with 40% ∼ 70% opening and deceleration with 70% ∼ 10% opening were made. The results show that the delay of the control system are reduced, the CVT real ratio has good following capability to the object ratio, the improved control algorithm and the designed model are valid.


Missing data in clinical trials can have a major effect on the validity of the inferences that can be drawn from the trial. This article reviews methods for preventing missing data and, failing that, dealing with data that are missing.


This paper characterizes optimal redistribution for a social planner with three instruments: labor income taxes and transfers, corporate income taxes, and a minimum wage. The modeled economy features searchand-matching frictions, generates positive firm profits in equilibrium, and can accommodate limited employment effects and spillovers to non-minimum wage jobs after minimum wage increases. The analysis formalizes the effects of the minimum wage on the relative welfare of low-skill workers, high-skill workers, and capitalists as a function of sufficient statistics for welfare, social preferences for redistribution, and fiscal externalities. Minimum wages are more likely to be desirable when corporate taxes are low because minimum wages can generate corporate revenue losses. Minimum wages can improve welfare even under optimal income taxes by shifting the incidence of the tax system when there is bunching in the wage distribution at the minimum wage. I estimate the sufficient statistics that guide the welfare analysis using US state-level variation in minimum wages. Minimum wages have increased low-skill workers' welfare –especially for teens– with null effects on high-skill workers. Aggregate welfare effects on capitalists are negligible but they are negative and sizable in certain industries, especially in non-professional services. Income maintenance benefits have also decreased after minimum wage hikes, suggesting that the effects of minimum wage increases on labor market outcomes generate fiscal externalities. A simple calibration based on the empirical estimates suggests that small minimum wage increases today would increase welfare, especially when incorporating distributional concerns between workers and capitalists. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. I am especially grateful to Pat Kline, Emmanuel Saez, and Danny Yagan, for continuous guidance and encouragement. I also thank Alan Auerbach, Sydnee Caldwell, David Card, Patricio Domı́nguez, Cecile Gaubert, Andrés González, Attila Lindner, Cristóbal Otero, Pablo Muñoz, Marco Rojas, Harry Wheeler, Gabriel Zucman, my discussants Benjamin Glass and Thomas Winberry, and seminar participants at the Online Public Finance Workshop for Graduate Students, the NTA 114th Annual Conference on Taxation, the XIII RIDGE Forum Workshop on Public Economics, UC Berkeley, and Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez for very helpful discussions and suggestions. Early versions of this project benefited from discussions with Jakob Brounstein, Sree Kancherla, Maximiliano Lauletta, Michael Love, Billy Morrison, and Mónica Saucedo. I acknowledge financial support from the Center of Equitable Growth at UC Berkeley. This paper previously circulated under the title "When do Minimum Wages Increase Social Welfare? A Sufficient Statistics Analysis with Taxes and Transfers". Usual disclaimers apply. ar X iv :2 20 2. 00 83 9v 2 [ ec on .G N ] 6 M ay 2 02 2 "The simplest expedient which can be imagined for keeping the wages of labor up to the desirable point would be to fix them by law; the ground of decision being, not the state of the labor market, but natural equity; to provide that the workmen shall have reasonable wages, and the capitalist reasonable profits." John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, 1884.


The electric potential distribution among column electrodes of color ACPDP was calculated with mathematical method Schwarz Christoffel conversion. The parameters related to this distribution were analyzed. The relation between them and that influence display quality such as crosslight and glow extention were discussed, which is of instructive significance to the general process on designing ACPDP.


In this study, we have considered the interaction of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), i.e., Phenylalanine (Phen), Histidine (His), Tyrosine (Tyr), and Tryptophan (Trp), with different Gallium Nitride Nanotubes (GaNNTs). For optimization, we have used molecular mechanics (MM) method for GaNNTs and density functional theory (DFT) for aromatic amino acids respectively. We have investigated the interaction between AAAs and GaNNTs using ONIOM methods. We have found that aromatic amino acids are well encapsulated inside the wall of the GaNNTs. For different structures of GaNNTs chiral (10, 5), (12, 6) and armchair (10, 10), (12, 12) it has been found that the adsorption energy (Eads) of all AAAs range from -24.058 to -60.907 kcal/mol.


Background/Aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the postoperative evolution of nutritional status and to relate it with postoperative outcomes. Methods: Demographic, surgical and nutritional parameters were assessed 10 days preoperatively (d-10) and 30 days postoperatively (d30) in 146 patients. Risk factors responsible for perioperative (>5% between d-10 and d30) weight loss were identified. Overall, severe (Clavien 3-5) and infectious complications were compared in patients with and without perioperative weight loss (>5%). Results: Nutritional status worsened beyond the postoperative period as reflected by decreasing weight (67 ± 13 kg at d-10 vs. 63 ± 13 kg at d30, p < 0.001), body mass index (23.4 ± 4 vs. 22.2 ± 4 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and mid upper-arm muscle circumference (MAMC, 241 ± 32 vs. 232 ± 30 mm, p < 0.001). Fifty-two patients (46%) lost >5% of their body weight between d-10 and d30. Patients who presented overall (63 vs. 36%, p = 0.004) and major (27 vs. 10%, p = 0.016) postoperative complications were at significantly higher risk to deteriorate postoperative nutritional status. Multivariate analysis identified low preoperative lean body mass (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2-8.9, p = 0.023) and low preoperative MAMC (OR 2.5; 95% CI 0.9-6.8, p = 0.066) as independent risk factors for perioperative weight loss. Conclusions: These data suggest continuing nutritional follow-up after the index hospitalization.


Color quantization is a process that reduces the distinct colors used in an image. The main objective of quantization should be such that it must not cause the loss of visual information from the image but reduces its memory requirements. In this paper the color quantization in LAB color space using PSO is done. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computation technique developed through a simulation of simplified social models. PSO is based on swarms such as fish schooling and bird flocking. [2].The LAB color model based clustering is used. In our present work first of all we will find the color image which is to be quantized. Then color map will be created where a small set of colors is chosen from all possible combination in Lab color space. Then the proposed algorithm will be applied to get the optimized solution. Keywords— Color quantization, lab color space clustering, particle swarm optimization.


1 everything is done by the click of a mouse. I am sure this has made the journal production process streamlined and less labor intensive but certainly not easier. I am looking forward to my visit to the editorial office to work with a tremendously dedicated team that actually handles manuscripts from the time they arrive to their final publication and that ensures the timely production of a top-quality journal. I have certainly found this fellowship a great learning experience and would like to thank The Roentgen Fund for awarding the fellowship to me this year. And in looking at the state of air travel to and from Europe in the recent months, if the Icelandic volcano continues to spew out ash clouds and British Airways goes ahead with its strike action, I may have to find a position at the Editorial office! Arumugam Rajesh Consultant Radiologist & Honorary Senior Lecturer University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester General Hospital Leicester, LE45PW, UK email@example.com DOI:10.2214/AJR.10.4975


To the Editor: Gallbladder cancer (GBC), a rare entity with poor prognosis, is often discovered incidentally during or after cholecystectomy.[1] It tends to disseminate early through lymphatic, peritoneal, endobiliary, and hematogenous pathways. Patients usually present with metastatic diseases. If GBC is suspected during cholecystectomy, conversion to open surgery to perform radical resection after confirmation of cancer by intraoperative frozen biopsy is considered. When GBC is diagnosed after cholecystectomy, reoperation for radical resection according to depth of invasion of cancer (T stage) is inevitable.[1] However, reoperation with radical surgery is not performed in all patients for several reasons including refusal to undergo radical surgery, poor medical condition, or cancer progression suggesting unresectability.


Among various pollutants, wastewater consists of toxic or carcinogenic heavy metals such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). In this study, the contamination of heavy metals in residential (Domestic) and commercial (Car-wash centre) effluents from urban area of Quetta has been investigated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The collected liquid effluent was passed through sorbents in vertical flow. The combined batch of Fly ash and Sawdust (adsorbents) showed high sorption capacity 0.0000424 mg·g -1 for lead (residential liquid waste) and 0.0000012 mg·g -1 for Cu (commercial liquid waste). The moderate partition coefficients were 0.001247 (Pb) and 0.000005 (Cu) mol·kg -1 ·Pa -1 for residential and commercial waste respectively. The highest removal efficiency of lead (99.763%) for residential effluent showed the breakthrough at 0.002. Thus, the sorbents used have significantly removal efficiency for Pb, moderate for Zn, and low for Cu. The effluent passed from designed filter media may be greatly effective for washing, cleaning and irrigation purpose.


By the very fact of its publication, a book of critical essays like Erzgraber's collection nolens volens constitutes a challenge to the contemporary state of criticism. As in most cases of this kind, the topics and critical categories of essays which were written and-with one exception-published in a period spanning more than thirty years of a critic's life are not related,let alone adjusted to present critical standards but are left in their original state, functioning rather as historical documents of the critic's development than as direct contributions to current issues. Yet beyond its distinctly retrospective character such a collection clearly demands attention to the accumulated insights of a critic's career, inasmuch as it raises the expectation that the critical findings of more than three decades will prove to possess a value of their own despite their remoteness from contemporary critical debate. Erzgraber's collection is a case in point, since it braves the tides of poststructuralism and the Derridean legacy simply by not taking cognizance of them. And quite deliberately so, it seems, for in a short prefatory note and a two-page foreword Erzgraber merely gives a very brief and general outline of modernist tendencies in the writers his essays deal with-Hardy, Conrad, Joyce, Woolf, Huxley, Yeats, Hopkins, Eliot, Tomlinson and Hughes-and does not explain his own critical position


The synthesis of hydrazone derivatives containing thiazole unit was achieved with condensation of thiosemicarbazones and ω-bromoacetophenone at room temperature. This mild, convenient, and efficient method affords the desired products with good to excellent yields. Their structures have been determined by X-ray diffractional analysis, 1H-NMR, MS, elemental analysis, and IR. Thiosemicarbazones were prepared by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with aldehydes or ketones. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).


The birefringence characteristics of optical fibers with a highly eccentric elliptical core are investigated under various thermal stress conditions. A new numerical method for solving the vectorial Maxwell equations is proposed which simultaneously takes into account the effects of ambient temperature and the geometrical distribution of the refractive indices of anisotropic propagation media. To verify the reliability of our numerical procedure, the birefringence characteristics are investigated of a highly birefringent elliptical core fiber used recently in the design of an optical sensor. The birefringence characteristics calculated by this procedure and those obtained from models currently used in the field of fiber‐optic sensing devices are compared with experimental data. For highly birefringent fibers, the numerical method proposed is far more accurate.


The thesaurus dataset of educational technology is a knowledge description of educational technology in Chinese. The aims of this thesaurus were to collect the subject terms in the domain of educational technology, facilitate the standardization of terminology and promote the communication between Chinese researchers and scholars from various countries. This thesaurus contains 2367 subject terms and 752 relation pairs between subject terms. This thesaurus can be used in bilingual control, index and retrieval of information resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The invention relates to a three-dimensional electro-fenton water treatment method. According to the method, an involved device comprises a reactor, a porous electrode plate, an active carbon loaded zero-valent metal fenton catalyst, a water outlet, a water inlet, a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a reaction area is divided into a positive electrode electro-fenton oxidation area and a negative electrode ion reduction area through a reaction device by taking a three-dimensional intensifying electro-fenton oxidation method as a kernel, an electrode material comprises active carbon loaded zero-valent metal ion, nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum and silver or palladium, inlet water passes through the positive electrode electro-fenton oxidation area, metal ions are digested under the action of an electric field to form an area high-concentration ion solution to intensify homogeneous-phase fenton reaction; a reacted water body enters a negative pole reduction area, and the metal ions contained in the solution are reduced to a cathodic active carbon electrode for recovery; and the negative electrode ion reaction area can generate hydrogen peroxide through oxygen aeration, so that the usage amount of added hydrogen peroxide is reduced. A dyeing waste water treatment result indicates that the method disclosed by the invention can outstandingly increase the chrominance and removal efficiency of CODCr (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of dyeing waste water and achieves the national industrial waste water recycling standard of effluent water.


As a hand surgeon, I was concerned about the bottom right picture in figure 3 of the article by Lauria and Lombardi, which seems to show that a skin biopsy had …


In this paper it is shown that if M is a compact PL-manifold and Hp,(M) is the group of PL-homeomorphisms of M onto itself, then Hp¡JM) is an ¿i-manifold. Here l2 is the Hilbert space of all real-valued square-summable sequences and lL = l(x.) £|,:j.=0 for almost all i\. Introduction. Let M be a compact PL-manifold and Hpj(M) be the group of PL-homeomorphisms of M with the compact-open topology. In this paper we show that HpLiM) is an /(-manifold where /( = |(x.) e / : x. = 0 for almost all z'i where L is the Hilbert space of all real-valued square-summable sequences. This result is related to the following question which remains unsolved. If M is a compact topological manifold and HiM) is the group of homeomorphisms of M with the compact open topology, is H(M) an L-manifold? This is known to be true for M = S or /, the circle or interval, by a result of R. D. Anderson (see [10]). It is also known to be true for a 2-dimensional manifold by the results of R. Geoghegan [5], W. K. Mason [14], R. Luke and W. K. Mason [13], and H. Toruriczyk [18]. The proof that this is true for M a compact 2-dimensional manifold is as follows. By Geoghegan's result [5], H(M) is homeomorphic to H(M) x l2. (This is true for M any manifold [5] and in fact for any metric space admitting a nondegenerate flow [lO].) By Luke and Mason [13] and Mason [14], H(M) is an absolute neighborhood retract for metric spaces. Toruriczyk has shown [18, Theorem 4.5] that any complete metric space X which is an ANR for metric spaces has the property that X x /2(A) is an l2(A)manifold where /2(A) = l(xa): 2aCi4 xfl < »} is Hilbert space and A has the cardinality of the weight of X. These results together imply that H(M) is an /2-manifold. This argument shows that what needs to be shown for H(M) to be an /--manifold for M an arbitrary compact manifold is to show that H(M) is an absolute neighborhood retract for metric spaces. The proof in this paper showing that HpjJJfi) is an /^-manifold for M a compact PL-manifold is patterned after the above proof. Received by the editors August 1, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 57E05; Secondary 57A20.


Dopamine (DA) autoreceptors expressed at DA nerve terminals regulate DA release. Considerable evidence has indicated that, in rodents, these autoreceptors belong to the D2 type of the DA receptor family, which, in turn, comprises the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes. We investigated here, for the first time, the subclassification of native human DA autoreceptors by studying the release of [3H]DA evoked by electrical stimulation in fresh human neocortical slices. The results have been compared with those obtained in three animal systems: rat neocortical and striatal slices and rat mesencephalic neuronal cultures. In human neocortical slices, the D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (1 n m–10 μm) inhibited tritium release with a calculated EC50 of 17 n m and a maximal inhibition of ≈ 75% reached at 1 μm. In the presence of the D2/D3 receptor antagonist (–)‐sulpiride (0.1 and 1 μm), the concentration–response curve of quinpirole was shifted to the right, and the apparent pA2 mean value was 8.5 (8.14–8.77); on the other hand, the inhibitory effects of quinpirole were not affected by the D3 receptor‐selective antagonist [7‐N,N‐dipropylamino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐naphtho(2,3b) dihydro,2,3‐furane] (S 14297) and the D4 receptor‐selective antagonist 3‐(4‐[4‐chlorophenyl]piperazin‐1‐yl)‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrolo [2,3‐b]pyridine (L‐745,870) (0.01–1 μm in each case). Superimposable results have been obtained when the release was elicited from rat striatal slices or dopamine mesencephalic neurons in culture, whereas quantitative differences emerged in the case of rat cortical slices. It is concluded that in human brain, as well as in rat brain, the release of DA in the terminal region of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is regulated through autoreceptors of the D2 subtype.


The interaction of organic molecules and ions in aqueous solution with clays has assumed increasing importance in recent years because of the problem of organic pollutants in ground water and concerns about environmental quality. The specific rate coefficients of adsorption of Cu{sup 2+} on Na-montmorillonite clay in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone solvents are determined at 20, 30, and 40 C. The reaction is endothermic in nature. It was found that the E values range from 3.66 kJ/mol in acetone to 13.54 kJ/mol in DMSO, while at 20 C, the rate constant k varies from 3.34 (ppm){sup 1{minus}n} per second in DMSO to 16.07 (ppm){sup 1{minus}n} per second in acetone. The data have been analyzed to obtain activation parameters {Delta}G*, {Delta}H*, and {Delta}S* for reaction in corresponding mixtures. A reaction mechanism which describes the copper ion exchange reaction is proposed.


Let T be a subgroup of PSL (2, ℚ) generated by a pair of rational parabolic matrices P1, P2, and let ℐ be the Jøgensen number. We prove that T has a non-trivial element of finite order if and only if ℐ = 4/n2 or ℐ = 9/n2 for some non-zero integer n.


We demonstrated AlGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths in the range of 227.5 to 273 nm fabricated on high-quality AlN buffers on sapphire substrates grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We realized crack-free, thick AlN buffers on sapphire with a low threading dislocation density (TDD) and an atomically flat surface by using the ammonia (NH3) pulse-flow multilayer (ML) growth technique. We obtained single-peaked operation of an AlGaN-MQW LED with a wavelength of 227.5 nm, which is the shortest wavelength of AlGaN-based LED on sapphire. The maximum output power and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 261- and 227.5-nm LEDs were 1.65 mW and 0.23% in room-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) operation, and 0.15 mW and 0.2% in RT pulsed operation, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(3): 24–33, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10197