Without minimizing the horrors of the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, the book by Marie Béatrice Umutesi, Fuir ou mourir au Zaïre ("Running Away or Dying in Zaïre," L'Harmattan, 2000), published under the English title Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire" throws a much needed light on the plight of Rwandan refugees in Kivu from the time they fled Rwanda, many of them as ordinary, peaceful citizens. If we want to understand the events that continue to unfold in the region, and if we want to improve the aid humanitarian agencies provide, we need to consider Umutesi's story—a story in which distant international organizations, with their own views and objectives, took actions that had deleterious consequences for ordinary people. While some refugees pursued dubious policies in the camps, people of good will went on helping others while they all were in exile. Their collective support systems helped them retain their dignity under the worst of circumstances and, when their fragile safe haven came under attack, helped them endure a hell that seemed at times unendurable. Telling the complete history, as Jan Vansina helped to do in his recent book (2004), and putting ordinary people back into the picture, are the surest ways to avoid lethal stereotypes and quick categorizations that hinder our understanding of complex situations and produce simplifications that contribute to more injustice.


The growth of e-commerce and its attendant new technology features has increased interactivity in consumer information processing and decision-making processes. The pull and push of information can be both more personalized and more commonly used. The ease of pushing information may lead to interruptions in consumer information processing that are more pronounced than those experienced in non-Internet environments. Our study investigated the impact of interruption frequency, timing, and content and the moderating effects of consumer knowledge, control, and goal type on time spent on the decision task as well as satisfaction with the decision process and the choice. Our results show that the right configuration of interruptions may lead to increased online viewing time, whereas ill-designed interruptions may be detrimental.


The use of land in Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict is dominated by agricultural land for 57.22% of the total area of the subdistrict. The current condition of this agricultural land is that most of the land is damaged that this condition has degraded the fertility of the soil. The research was be doing at Kolam Village and Tanjung Rejo Village Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. The data obtained were analyzed through multiple linear regression tests, simple linear regression test, paired samples t test, and descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed that 1) the agricultural land area and the use of organic fertilizer simultaneously had positive and significant influence on the production of the farmers in Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, 2) the production after the use of organic fertilizer simultaneously had positive and significant influence on the income of the farmers in Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, 3) there was a difference between the production before and after the establisment of the Organic Fertilizer Processing Unit, and 4) the contribution of the Organic Fertilizer Processing Unit in producing organic fertilizer was not adequate to meet the need for organic


This paper offers three readings of the experimental performance of Implied Violence, which traffics in refusal, abjection, Otherness, and the possibility of non-being. Chambers places these readings in conversation with three different medieval negative theologians: Meister Eckhart, Hildegarde von Bingen, and Marguerite Porete. Through this exploration, Chambers draws out the parallels between apophatic spirituality and performance that Chambers calls the "theatre in absentia."


Abstract The off-label use of medications is a "right" for pediatricians, owing to lack of enough safety and effectiveness drug trials in pediatric age group. Pediatricians have to rely on their personal judicial use of medications in children. We studied off-label use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) retrospectively during 2005 to 2015 among those who attended the Pediatic Hepatology Unit, Cairo University. We analyzed data of 779 neonates and infants with cholestasis. 15% dropped out. Males comprised 374 (56.5%). Cholestasis was due to surgical causes in 129 (19.5%), neonatal hepatitis in 445 (67.2%), and paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts in 88 (13.3%). Three hundred sixty (54.4%) received UDCA (15–30 mg/kg/d), and 302 (45.6%) did not. Both groups were matched as regards causes and severity of cholestasis. Those who received UDCA had worse outcome (P < .001), and more complications (P < .001). A total of 73.1% (221) achieved cure without UDCA compared to only 45.8% (165) of those on UDCA (P < .001). UDCA is not effective and not safe in Egyptian neonates and infants with cholestasis. UDCA use compromises chance of cure, and is associated with serious morbidity, progression of disease, and death. UDCA off-label use mortality was absolutely preventable. Off- label use of UDCA in neonates and children should be utterly prohibited. Information of use of off-label medications, effectiveness, and safety, should be recorded, analyzed, and made available within context of Off-label Use Registry Studies with informed consent of parents.


AERONAUTICAL psychology has been haphazardly applied in the past, but the increased complexity of modern aircraft demands a scientific approach to the problems. Psychiatrists are mainly concerned with curing abnormal conditions of patients and are mostly drawn from the medical profession, but the psychologist has to apply his specialized knowledge to the normal person who is living and working under a given set of conditions whether it be piloting an aircraft or riveting the skin of the Brabazon I. Indeed, the person inserting rivets may have been 'studied' by a time and motion engineer who is in fact applying a part of the technique of the psychologist. Wherever the human being has to operate mechanical equipment there is scope for the psychologist to contribute towards increased efficiency.


The relationship between ketosis (clinical or subclinical) and transitional period, postpartum period, feeding, management, production and reproduction are a challenge for those who deal with this disease in their cows since under diagnosis causes economic effects, The purpose of this study is to analyze milk production, body condition and number of births as risk elements to cause subclinical ketosis in dairy cows, establish their association and prepare a standardized operating procedure in using test strips combina 10 M HUMAN at farm El Placer. By using inclusion and exclusion criteria, records were selected through urine sampling and recorded in prepartum, partum and 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum from which 29 cows were selected. Each record has a subclinical ketosis diagnosis with test strips combina 10 M HUMAN, measure of body condition and milk production. The information obtained was analyzed by using central tendency measures, Friedman test, Pearson Chi-squared test and Cramers V test. Results indicate that subclinical ketosis depends on milk production 60 days postpartum (p smaller than 0.05) and 90 days postpartum (p smaller than 0.05) with a 57 percent to 61 percent of association with each other, considering milk production as risk element. Regarding variables body condition and number of births, respect of subclinical ketosis, the results obtained did not have significant difference (p more than 0.05) and were categorized as independent without association with each other. It was concluded that milk production is directly related to the disease, stating that test strips combina 10 M HUMAN can identify subclinical ketosis in cattle.


In countries with less developed national statistical systems (NSS), agricultural censuses (ACs) and sample surveys are not conducted regularly. This means that both structural data (sourced from censuses) and current statistics (sourced from sample surveys) are not readily available or up-to-date for informed decision-making on agricultural and rural development. In such countries, because of the sheer needs, when a census of agriculture is planned, stakeholders exert pressure on the census agency to collect both structural and non-structural data (atypical for a census), overburdening the census questionnaire and ultimately jeopardizing the quality of the census operation. An increasing number of countries are making efforts towards better integrating statistical activities. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations leads the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 (WCA 2020) which advocates the development of an integrated multiyear programme of statistical operations involving AC, current surveys and other data collection operations. By integrating these operations, the AC can focus on collecting essential structural items (i.e. aspects of agriculture that change relatively slowly over time), while regular agricultural sample surveys and administrative registers can focus on collecting non-structural data needed more frequently.


Abstract Endotoxins are a component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria and have been implicated as the etiological agent of byssinosis as well as the cause of pulmonary responses attributed to other organic dusts. Recent studies have proposed threshold values for airborne endotoxin and suggest that consideration be given to developing an occupational standard for endotoxin. Endotoxins occur at significant levels in many work environments, and the industrial hygienist should be aware of the disease potential of this agent. The structure, biological activity, measurement, and occurrence of endotoxin in the work environment is reviewed. The feasibility of an occupational standard is discussed and recommendations made for practical evaluation of endotoxin and for additional research. Jacobs, R. R.: Airborne Endotoxins: An Association with Occupational Lung Disease. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:50–56; 1989.


In his report on the operation of civil justice in England and Wales "Access to Justice", Lord Woolf regarded expansion of the small claims jurisdiction of the county court as the best way of securing greater public access to civil justice. Against this background , it may perhaps be of some interest to outline how small claims are dealt with in Japan by adjudication, special payment orders, and mediation. Revisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, introduced this year, affecting small claims are described, so are the reasons which led to reforms. Finally it is suggested that the Japanese experience of resolving claims of relatively low value may have relevance beyond Japan.


We present an object-oriented 3D graphics and animation framework which provides a new methodology for the symmetric modelling of geometry and behaviour. The toolkit separates the specification of geometry and behaviour by two types of directed acyclic graphs, the geometry graph and the behaviour graph, which are linked together through constraint relations. All geometry objects and behaviour objects are represented as DAG nodes. The geometry graph provides a renderer-independent hierarchical description of 3D scenes and rendering processes. The behaviour graph specifies time- and event-dependent constraints applied to graphics objects. Behaviour graphs simplify the specification of complex animations and 3D interactions by providing nodes for the management of the time and event flow (e.g. durations, time layouts, time repeaters, actions). Nodes contain, manipulate and share instances of constrainable graphical abstract data types. Geometry nodes and behaviour nodes are used to configure high-level 3D widgets, i.e. high-level building blocks for constructing 3D applications. The fine-grained object structure of the system leads to an extensible reusable framework which can be implemented efficiently. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Home Truths: Property Ownership and Housing Wealth in Australia. Blair Badcock and Andrew Beer. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2000. ISBN 0522848931 (paperback). 212 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $38.45. Cities for Children: Children's Rights, Poverty and Urban Management. Sheridan Bartlett, Roger Hart, David Sattherwaite, Ximena de la Barra and Alfredo Missair. Earthscan, London, 1999. ISBN 185383470X. 305 pp. RRP $39.95 The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. John Forester. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1999. ISBN 0262062070. 305 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $54.95 Spaces of Hope: David Harvey. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2000. ISBN 0748612688. 293 pp.. RRP $44.00 The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. Charles Landry. Comedia and Earthscan, Stroud and London, 2000. ISBN 1853836133 (paperback). 300 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $48.50 Urban Regeneration: A Handbook. Peter Roberts and Hugh Sykes (eds). Sage, London, 2000. ISBN 0761967176 (paperback). 320 pp.; bibliography and index. $65.00 Sydney: The Emergence of a World City. John Connell (ed.). Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2000. ISBN 0195507487 (paperback). 381pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $35.00 Cultural Geography: Themes, Concepts, Analyses. William Norton. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000. ISBN 0195413075 (paperback). 379 pp.; bibliography, glossary and index. RRP $50.95


This paper analyzes three identity-based signcryption schemes,attacks the first two schemes using Indistinguishability under Chosen Ciphertext Attack(IND-CPA),attacks the last one using IND-CPA and forgery attacks method and provides improved schemes respectively.Analysis results show that the improved schemes maintain higher efficiency while satisfying confidentiality,unforgeability,nonrepudiation,public verification and forward security.


A Hausdorff topological ring B is called centrally linearly compact if the open left ideals form a fundamental system of neighborhoods of zero and B is a strictly linearly compact module over its center. A top- ological ring A is called locally centrally linearly compact if it contains an open, centrally linearly compact subring. For example, a totally disconnected (locally) compact ring is (locally) centrally linearly compact, and a Hausdorff finite-dimensional algebra with identity over a local field (a complete topological field whose topology is given by a discrete valuation) is locally centrally linearly compact. Let A be a Hausdorff topological ring with identity such that the connected component c of zero is locally compact, A/c is locally central- ly linearly compact, and the center C of A is a topological ring having no proper open ideals. A general structure theorem for A is given that yields, in particular, the following consequences: (1) If the additive order of each element of A is infinite or squarefree, then A = Ao x D where Ao is a finite-dimensional real algebra and D is the local direct product of a family (A7,) of topological


We report lidar measurements of the perturbation in the atmospheric dust load produced by the El Chichon volcanic eruption. The measurements extend for a 19 month period and are taken at a mid-latitude station. Analysis of the backscattering ratio and integrated backscattering as a function of altitude show that until the end of summer 1982, optical thickness was contributed mainly by high altitude (≥25 km) layers. Since the fall of 1982 the main cloud arrival at mid latitude formed a broad single layer extending from 15 to 30 km. Slow decay in the altitude of this layer, 7 - 8 km in 12 months, is attributed to a contribution of general circulation and settling velocity of the dust particles. It is shown that our optical thickness data are consistent with similar independent measurements.


Hospital and healthcare's "most wired" organizations were surveyed to determine the evaluative criteria in the selection of bedside devices for clinical documentation. Ranked results of the characteristics are presented. Results can be used to inform nurse executives about selection criteria to consider.


Main nutrient elements in various organs of Pleioblastus amarus at different ages were analyzed .The results showed that the contents of N , P and K in the stem , branch and subterranean stem decreaseal with the increasing age ;the content of Si increased with the age .And the contents of N , P , K and Si in various organs were ranked as follows :leaf branch subterranean stem root stem .Compared with Phyllostachys pubescens and Ph .nidularia , the contents of N , K and Si in stem , branch and leavewere higher while the contents of P in three bamboos had no difference .[ Ch , 6 tab .6 ref .]


[1] Seismicity triggered by fluid injection in boreholes usually has certain typical spatiotemporal characteristics. These characteristics can be partly recognized as signatures, when pore pressure diffusion is the dominant triggering mechanism. Starting from these diffusion-typical signatures of man-made earthquakes, we seek analogous patterns for the earthquakes in Vogtland/NW Bohemia (VB) at the German/Czech border region in central Europe. VB is characterized by recurring intraplate earthquake swarms with magnitudes up to ML 4.5. There is strong geophysical evidence that the seismic events are correlated to fluid-related processes in the crust. This study aims to investigate the possible role of fluids in VB. We test the hypothesis that ascending magmatic fluids trigger earthquakes by the mechanism of pore pressure diffusion (i.e., relaxation). This triggering process is mainly controlled by two physical fields, the hydraulic diffusivity and the seismic criticality (i.e., critical pore pressure value leading to failure; stable locations are characterized by higher critical pressures), both heterogeneously distributed in rocks. The results of the analysis of the year 2000 VB earthquake swarm data support this concept. We were able to recognize diffusive signatures and to obtain scalar estimates of hydraulic diffusivities with values between 0.3 and 10 m2/s for the seismically active region. Using a numerical model, where spatially correlated diffusivity and criticality patches (where patches with higher diffusivity are assumed to be less stable) are considered, we successfully simulate a general seismicity pattern of the swarms 2000, including the spatiotemporal clustering of events and the migration of seismic activity.


This paper analyzes the power supply and demand situation in southwest of Guizhou during eleventh five-year period.The power supply and demand situation in twelfth five-year period is predicted by using elastic coefficient method and linear regression method.According to the electricity characteristics of key industries,SWOT analysis method is used to propose electric power marketing target by combining the current situation of demand side in Xingyi power supply bureau,which coordinates development of regional industrial and demand side management.The proposed electricity marketing management model includes different industry targets and stage targets.It provides practical experience for power supply enterprises in third-line cities,which can forecast power supply and demand,construct reasonable electric power marketing target and manage user demand side in new economic situation.


Mr. Pasahow: I would like to ask this: Having looked at both bringing and defending bad faith-type prosecution claims, either as counterclaims or otherwise, I have always been hit with the practical problem of proving a market and proving market power. If the patent itself doesn't both define the market and provide per se evidence of market power, few patents or patented products have market power in any genuine market.


The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and discloses a powder-particle mixed type weaned piglet feed and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing powdered raw materials of piglet feed, processing the mixed raw materials at a room temperature so as to obtain a powdered material; (2) mixing granular raw materials of piglet feed, processing and granulating the mixed raw material at a high temperature so as to obtain a granular material; (3) mixing the powdered material and the granular material according to a certain mass ratio so as to obtain the powder-particle mixed type weaned piglet feed; wherein the mass ratio of the powdered material to the granular material is 10:90-50:50. The powder-particle mixed type weaned piglet feed is suitable for piglets 3 to 5 days before the weaning. The feed is fragrant, and can promote the appetite of piglets. Moreover, part heat-sensitive vitamins and high-temperature intolerant microecological preparations are effectively protected. The crisp taste of the granular feed is fully accord with the feeding habits of piglets which has been weaned for 5 days. Furthermore, the feed can promote the digestion liquid secretion, and effectively exercise the gastrointestinal function of piglets.


Abstract In his honest desire to reform the Catholic Church, Martin Luther looked up sometimes to Eastern Christianity and its Ancient Fathers. Especially in the context of his debates with Catholic theologians, Luther tried to accomplish a theological norm through quotes and arguments from the spiritual thesaurus of the Eastern Church. In spite of the fact that Luther's references to the Eastern Church show a certain ambiguity and are not as extensive as one would wish today, these are of particular importance and carry undeniable weight for the Reformation period and the Reformers' knowledge of Eastern Christianity. Luther's mentions of the Eastern Church constitute until today the basic points of modern ecumenism between Protestantism and Orthodoxy.


AIM To study paranasal sunasitis incidence and its correlative factors among fighter aviators. METHODS Fifty seven fighter aviators and 28 ground crews were examined for CT corona scanning of paranasal sinuses, to compare paranasal sinuses incidence in two groups, and to analyze the relationship between paranasal sunasitis and the pathologic change of antro oral meatas complex in the group of aviators. RESULTS For the aviators, incidence of paranasal sunasitis was 49.1% higher than that of controls (21.4%)( P 0.05). Along with the increasing of age and flight time, there was anincrease on paranasal sunasitis incidence, and also an obvious increase on pathologic change of antro-oral nasal meatas complex among the aviators. CONCLUSION ①Paranasal sunasitis incidence in aviators is obviously higher than that in common people; ② There is a direct relationship between pathologic change of antro oral nasal meatas complex and the incidence of paranasal sunasitis; ③The prevention and treatment of paranasal sunasitis is very important in labour efficiency raising of aviators.


Abstract Electrochemical isomerization of 1-phenyl-2, 2-dimethylpropane-1-thione S-oxide (phenyl-t-butylsulfine, E and Z form, 1a and 1b) was studied. Anodic isomerization of 1a gave the two isomers of the sulfine only, but cathodic reductive isomerization of 1a gave pivalophenone and 1-cyano-2-phenyl-3, 3-dimethyl-1-butene in addition to the E and Z isomers. This is the first example of an electrochemical reaction of a sulfine.


Early childhood experiences, including physical activity (PA), are crucial in establishing the foundations for health and wellbeing throughout the lifespan (Macdonald et al., 2006; The Lancet, 2013). PA contributes to children's physical, cognitive, social and emotional development, while physical inactivity (PiA) can have significant adverse effects on children's health and development, with consequent impacts on occupational performance and participation (Tucker, 2008). Recent research concluded that PiA is one of the top ten risk factors to health for adults in England (Newton et al., 2015). There is evidence that time spent in childcare can have negative impacts on the amount of time spent doing PA (Bellows et al., 2013), reducing the likelihood of developing PA as an occupation through the lifespan. This participatory action research project explores the impact and effectiveness of providing occupational therapy support to staff in a private child-care setting to facilitate the promotion of PA as an occupation to pre-school year children. A student occupational therapist will work with nursery management and staff to help them identify what support they would find useful in promoting PA as an occupation to the children in their care and implementing this over a period of 6 weeks. The impacts and effectiveness of the support provided will be measured by a specially developed reflective workbook and by analysis of focus groups held with the setting staff.


The issue of what constitutes acceptable sexual conduct in the workplace has sparked contentious social debate. In addition, courts have disagreed about how to define actionable sex-based harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Under the current doctrine, courts render caseby-case judgments about whether particular acts of harassment are harmful or offensive enough to constitute discrimination. This inquiry is laden with subjective value judgments, and it transforms the individual harassment case into a microcosm for the larger social debate about what behavior is acceptable in the workplace. This Article presents an alternative test for evaluating sexual harassment claims under Title V11 that avoids normative speculation. The Article starts from the premise that Title VII's objective is to ensure that women's employment decisions are not burdened by factors that do not enter into men's employment decisions. The author demonstrates that sex-based harassment plays a significant role in women's economic status, directly effecting women's job retention rates and contributing to horizontal and vertical occupational segregation. Employing economic analysis, the author suggests that behavior should be considered discriminatory whenever it would lead a hypothetical rational woman to alter her employment decisions if she could do so at little or no cost.


Mental health disorder prevalence is rising within the United States and worldwide. With this growing incidence, treatment for individuals suffering from such disorders is imperative. Stem cells have shown promising results for treating different disorders and/or traumas and are seen to be a potential treatment for mental health disorders. Stimulation by lithium has demonstrated beneficial outcomes as a result of promoting leukocyte production, neurogenesis, and neuroplasticity. When included in stem cell treatment, lithium can promote self-renewal along with migration. This discovery has led to research regarding whether stem cells can be utilized to treat psychiatric disorders. Current studies have shown the ability to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, and further studies are being conducted in cases of depression and schizophrenia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential applications of stem cells for treatment of psychological disorders and to determine the challenges of using stem cells to target areas of the brain.


The output dependence on output reflectivity and fiber length is reported for a phosphosilicate Raman fiber laser (RFL) at the second Stokes wavelength of 1484 nm using a pump of CW 8.4 W/1064 nm Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) and cascaded cavities for the first and second Stokes wavelength. The output reflectivities for the second Stokes light were 15 and 50% and the lengths of the P-doped Raman fiber (PDF) were 300, 700, and 1000 m. The maximum output of 2.11 W/1484 nm was obtained using 15% output reflectivity and 700 m PDF length and the corresponding slope efficiency from the pump was 33.2%. The laser performance for the six configurations was investigated by observing the maximum output power, slope efficiency, threshold pump power, and full-width at half maximum at the second Stokes wavelength.


The invention discloses a part discharging method for a CNC lathe. The method comprises the steps that a device is mounted at the position of a boring rod of a rotary tower, and is fixed to the rotary tower through the shaft diameter D equal to that of the boring rod. Bars are machined and cut off and are still reserved on a central frame. When a spindle of the lathe stops from rotating, the rotary tower goes forwards and then goes downwards. A clamping plate (3) which can swing on two shoulder bolts (6) is arranged downwards to clamp cut-off bar parts (4) under the effect of a spring (1) on a pin (2), and at the moment, the ends of the bar parts are jacked on a stopper (5). The rotary tower retreats, and the loosened bar parts fall in a collection basket; and the lathe is restarted to machine the next bar part. By the adoption of the steps, the steps are greatly simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and work hours are shortened.


*BRAIN ABSCESS SIMULATING DEMENTIA PARALYTICA. THE following case may be of interest, as it shows how an abseess of the brain may cause many of the symptoms of general paralysis of the insane. A man was admitted to this hospital on January 20th. He was dull and apathetic, listless, and indifferent to his surroundings, and had some difficulty in walking. No external marks were noticed on admission. His pupils were stationary, reflexes very exaggerated, gait unsteady, memory for recent and remote events poor, speech, though not slurring, very hesitant. He appeared to be drowsy. There was incontinence of urine and faeces. He was put on a liquid diet, which he was able to take without difficulty. In a few days he became less confused, and it was noticed that the left side of the body was paralysed. Lumbar puncture was performed on January 27th. The cerebro-spinal fluid was under very high pressure; the Ross-Jones and Weichbrodt tests were positive, as was the acetic anhydride, sulphur ic acid test. The Wassermann test was positive 100 per cent. + 4 in the cerebro-spinal fluid and 40 per cent. + 2 in the serum. He was ordered potassium iodide 20 grains three times a day. On February 7th his temperature rose to 1000 F.; the pulse was 140, respirations 22. At 9.30 the following morning he suddenly collapsed and died. The necropsy revealed areas of suppuration in the upper antd middle lobes of the right lung, and an area of softening in each corpus striatum and each internal capsule, more marked on the right side; otherwise the viscera were quite normal, and no gummata were found anywhere. The bacteriological examination of the abscesses showed some staphylococci and streptococci in the brain and the same in the lung with many other organisms. The history, as given by deceased's wife, is that on January 13th the patient was knocked on the head by a trunk of a tree wlhile unloading timber; that on January 15th he gradually became drowsy, complained of loss of memory, anid could not look after himself. S. GROSSMAN, Assistant Medical Officer, Cardiff City Mental Hospital.


Objective To investigate the clinical features and management of hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Data of 84 patients of hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in our hospital from 1990 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients of hepatolithiasis was 4. 6%(84/1840), among them only 47 patients got a definite diagnosis before operation. All cancer located in the bile duct containing cholelith. In 20 patients intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was identified 6 - 16 years after lithotomy. The clinical manifestation of hepatolithiasis associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma included:refractory hepatic abscess, incurable infection of intrahepatic biliary tract, and progressive obstructive jaundice. Only 35 patients received radical excision, 26 patients received palliative excision, 4 patients received radiofrequency ablation therapy, 19 patients received biopsy only. Conclusions There has been a considerable high coincidence between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatolithiasis. Resection of the lobe containing intrahepatic stones may help to prevent the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Key words:
Cholelithiasis;  Bile duct neoplasms;  Therapy


Previous work has shown that the MAR (matrix attachment region) could increase transgene expression in stably transfected CHO (Chinese‐hamster ovary) cells. To study the positional effect of MAR on transgene expression, three expression vectors were constructed which contained the human β‐globin MAR in different sites, including the vector with two MARs flanking the CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) expression cassette, one MAR at the 5′ or 3′ site. These vectors were transfected into CHO cells. The level of CAT gene expression was most effectively increased by two MARs flanking the CAT expression cassette. This increase was also seen when MAR was inserted at the 5′ site upstream of the expression cassette, whereas the transgene expression level decreased when MAR was inserted at the 3′ site downstream of the expression cassette. We have also shown that the transgene expression level is not directly proportional to the gene copy number, and gene copy number dependency does not exist.


We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a plasmonic tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) biosensor for labelfree detection of small biomolecule S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) in different concentrations. The biosensor is designed as a reflective probe type with a 50-nm-thick gold film coating over the fiber surface of an 18° TFBG, together with a surface functionalization with protein lysine methyltransferase Set7 working as bio-detector. The sensor is fabricated without any destruction of fiber structural integrity, thereby ensuring the stability and reproducibility. The experimental results demonstrated that our biosensor can detect biomolecule AdoHcy with concentration as low as 1 nM. We have also measured AdoHcy in different concentrations, including 0.01, 0.1 and 10 nM, and the results indicated that as the AdoHcy concentration increases, the association ratio between AdoHcy and Set7 arises correspondingly, agreeing with the theory.


This study aimed at investigating the influence of varying proportions of the surfactant span 60, cholesterol and dicetylphosphate on the morphology, particle size distribution, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of encapsulated tenoxicam niosomes. In vitro stability studies of the niosomes were then performed using blood from albino rats. Drug release from the niosomes showed biphasic sustained release pattern of tenoxicam for a period of 24 h. The results obtained show that niosomes of tenoxicam can be prepared as carriers for transdermal therapy.. Keywords : Niosomes, Tenoxicam, Cholesterol, Span 60, Dicetyl phosphate The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 62-66


The results of a numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a built-in reinforced concrete structure are presented. Two computer models were constructed in a three-dimensional formulation in the COMSOL programme. The first model is based on the incompressible fluid approximation, while the second model is based on the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation. The mathematical basis of models: the continuity equation, Navier - Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, the standard (k - ε) turbulence model, and the general heat transfer equation. Consideration of mixed convection conditions is implemented in the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation, where the air density is a function of temperature only. The most thermally stressful arrangement of spent fuel placement is investigated: U-Zr - defective - U-Be. The air rate is varied in the range from 21 to 0.656 m3/s. Numerical experiments were performed for up to 5 years of fuel storage. The principal difference between the non-stationary structure of the velocity fields predicted in the "incompressible ideal gas" model and the "frozen" picture of the aerodynamic parameters in the incompressible fluid model is emphasized. It is shown that the requirements for exceeding the temperature limit values are met when the object operates under conservative ventilation conditions (rate 0.656 m3/s) with a minimum of costs for organizing ventilation. The dynamics of heat flows directed into the rock mass through the base and from the surface of the built-in structure of the U-Zr fuel compartment to the air environment are analyzed. The predominance of the heat flow from the surface of the structure and the different times when the curves of the heat flow dynamics reach their maximum values are noted. The heat flow to the array reaches its maximum significantly faster than to the air.


In a sampling campaign conducted in January and February 2017, measurements of aerosol properties were made at five sites in London representative of differing microenvironments. The sites were as follows: • Marylebone Road, a heavily trafficked street canyon location • Westminster University, a rooftop site overlooking the Marylebone Road ground-level site • Regent's University, a site in a major park frequently downwind of Marylebone Road • North Kensington, a well characterised urban background site located 4 km from the Marylebone Road site • BT Tower, an elevated site close to Marylebone Road at an altitude of 160 metres above ground-level (1)


Abstract : Analysis of the air campaign against Libya in 2011. Specifically, it seeks to determine the lessons that the US and NATO should carry forward, and what overall airpower implications may be.


Simple Summary Feeds contaminated by mycotoxins cause organ damage, immune suppression and health disorders, limiting growth and performance of farm animals. One of the most practical approaches to minimizing the negative effect of these substances in livestock diets is by the use of different feed additives, preventing their absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Growing interest in particular is applied to mineral additives, such as clays and clay minerals. These materials are not digested but bind toxic metabolites and mycotoxins, moving them through the digestive tract, without detrimental influence on the animal body. Apart from the binding capacity, clay minerals show other activity which could positively affect animal welfare and productivity. However, each type of clay has its own specific binding capacity that can greatly vary according to its origin deposit and treatment. Moreover, clays may bind with not only noxious substances but also some nutrients, causing a nutritional imbalance for animals. Therefore, the aim of the review was to present the available knowledge on the properties and use of clays in feedstuff decontamination as well as to discuss the resulting potential benefits for animal health and safety of human food. Abstract The contamination of feeds with microbiological or toxicological agents can affect health, productivity and safety of livestock animals and their products. The treatment of feedstuffs to lower the content of undesired substances before feeding is expensive and labor intensive, therefore an alternative is to reduce their gastrointestinal absorption. Different feed additives are available, however the use of clays and clay minerals are ideal for this purpose due to their high specific surface area, adsorption capacity, low or null toxicity for the animal and low cost. A large number of clays available to producers have different structures that are dependent on their mining source, causing difficulty in proper categorization. For this reason properties of phyllosilicates with 1:1 layers (one sheet of SiO4 tetrahedra joined to one sheet of Al- or Mg-octahedra), 2:1 layers (one sheet of Al- or Mg-octahedra between two sheets of Si-tetrahedra), and 2:1:1 layers (a basic 2:1 structure with an interlayer brucite (with cations Mg2+ or Fe2+) or gibbsite (with cation Al3+) sheet) and tectosilicates are described. The role of clay minerals in animal production shows a reduction in diarrhea, better feed conversion ratio, and improved health of many livestock species due to their specific adsorption potential of many feed mycotoxins. Overall, there is growing interest in the use of clays due to their beneficial characteristics, absence of primary toxicity and success in research to reduce animal disease and improve animal production and safety of animal products.


Background: The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) has been linked to microvascular abnormalities. Since this is preceded by large artery dysfunction, there remains the possibility that adverse large artery function could play a role in OA. This study aimed to determine the relationship between central haemodynamic indices of large artery function and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in patients with OA. Methods: Study sample included 207 participants with OA (63 ± 7 years; 48% male) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of their dominant leg for determination of tibia and femoral BMLs. Large artery haemodynamics were assessed by aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and central blood pressure (including augmentation index) by radial tonometry. Brachial blood pressure was recorded by automated oscillometric device. Results: BMLs were present in 145 participants. There was no significant difference between participants with and without BMLs for aortic stiffness (9.3 ± 2.3 vs 9.0 ± 2.3 m/s; P = 0.49), central pulse pressure (43 ± 11 vs 43 ± 12 mmHg; P = 0.89), augmentation index (25 ± 10 vs 26 ± 9 %; P = 0.46) or brachial pulse pressure (56 ± 12 vs 55 ± 12 mmHg; P = 0.65). Similarly, there were no significant relationships between BML size and any central or brachial haemodynamic measure (P>0.05 for all). Conclusions: BMLs in patients with OA are not related to central or peripheral large artery haemodynamics. This suggests that although microvascular abnormalities may play a role in OA, there appears to be minimal contribution by large artery function.


A planar pi-conjugated heteroaromatic molecule 1 has been synthesized and fully characterized; it combines two characteristics, a charge-transfer transition originating from its inherent donor-acceptor nature in its neutral state and an intervalence charge-transfer transition in its 1(2+) mixed-valence state.


This paper documents the development at the Mitre Corporation of a computerized techno-economic direct coal liquefaction model that can be used to quantify the impact of process developments on the overall economics of an integrated two-stage coal liquefaction system. The computerized coal liquefaction cost model simulates the technical and economic performances of conceptual commercial scale plants that incorporate the research and development (R D) improvements under the study by participants in the United States Department of Energy (DOE) coal liquefaction program. 6 refs., 1 tab.


The present study was carried out to analyse the price spread and marketing efficiency of different milch cow marketing channels in the state level cattle fairs of Rajasthan. The study identified six milch cow marketing channels i.e.,  (1) Farmer – Farmer, (2) Farmer – Local Trader – Farmer, (3) Farmer – Local Trader, (4) Farmer – Distant Trader – Farmer, (5) Farmer – Distant Trader and (6) Farmer – Local Trader – Distant Trader. Marketing efficiency and producer  share in consumers' rupee were the highest in channel 1 followed by channel 2 and channel 4 as price spread was the lowest in channel 1 followed by channel 2 and channel 4 across all three breed categories (non-descript, indigenous and cross-breed). Transportation cost was found to be the major cost component both for sellers and buyers in all the six milch cow marketing channels. Besides transportation, other major cost components were cost of feeding animals at fairs and miscellaneous expenses (including own expenditure). There were differences in the marketing costs across non-descript, indigenous and cross-breed both for sellers and buyers in all channels. The study suggested the need for government transportation facilities and adequate feeds and fodder availability at reasonable price during the cattle fairs. Above all, government should bring more number of local cattle fairs under the ambit of regulation to further improve the efficiency of livestock marketing system in the state. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21111 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 34-47 (2014)


Group work can be an effective means of counseling at-risk students. As such, the American School Counselors Association (ASCA) has endorsed group work as an important component of school counseling (ASCA, 2005). Groups can help students learn to solve problems in an efficient and effective manner and is an ideal method for meeting the needs of at-risk populations (Akos & Milsom, 2007). Group counseling allows students to develop connections while at the same time exploring factors that may affect their achievement (Kayler & Sherman, 2009). Groups are used to address such issues as social skills (Bostick & Anderson, 2009), bolstering students' self-perceptions (Eppler, Olsen, & Hidano 2009), preventing problem behavior (Todd, Campbell, Meyer, & Horner, 2008), increasing academic success (Brigman, Webb, & Campbell, 2007), and reducing school-wide bullying (Allen, 2010). Further, Quinn, Kavale, Mathur, Rutherford, and Forness (1999) conducted a meta-analysis (35 studies) of social skills interventions used with children exhibiting problem or emotional behaviors. Results revealed several important issues. First, it appears that there is a wide range of presenting deficits in children's social skills. Second, social skills training is widely used as a mechanism to address problem behavior in children; however, it may not be as effective at addressing problem behaviors when used in isolation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two psychosocial intervention programs, Psychosocial Educational Groups for Students (PEGS) and the At-Risk Kids Groups (ARK) and to assess the impact of each program. The PEGS and ARK Programs are designed to help elementary school students in the following areas: social skills development, problem behaviors, bullying, and self-esteem.


Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of a sense of uncertainty concerning important determinants of human existence in selected groups of young women in Poland and the Czech Republic, when they found themselves to be at the right age to have children. Material and methods. Data were obtained based on a self developed questionnaire. The study involved 42 nursing students in the second year of studies in Poland and 51 nursing students in the Czech Republic. The average age in these two groups was 21.7 and 22.8 years respectively The results were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test. Results. Polish young women in comparison to Czech women are more often afraid of considerable nuisance problems with future work, unsatisfactory relationships with future partners, and a sense of forthcoming impending dangers. Conclusions. The results suggest considerable uncertainty with regard to important spheres of human existence among young people. In the light of similar observations made by authors from countries of different economic standard, the insecurity is only one affecting factor among others. The results indicate the advisability of undertaking research on different approved models of the family.


This article sheds light on the narrative constructions of the teaching of history in primary and secondary education reforms taken place in the last twenty years in Mexico. It examines the similarities between the theoretical position defended in The End of History and the Last Man by Francis Fukuyama, on the one hand, and the proposals of narrative forms, historical events, and historical directionality implemented in the national curriculum, on the other. We shall argue that these meta-narrative structures imply a proposal of historical inevitability which leads to the idea of an end of history and to a model of competitive citizen based on the duality liberal democracy-free markets. Behind our hypothesis underlies the conviction that certain analytical tools of the theory of history are crucial to better understand the political uses of history, in this case, the teaching of history.


The existance of nontrivial (x=0( periodic solutions of a general class of periodic nonlinear difference equations is proved using bifurcation theory methods. Specifically, the existance of a global continuum of nontrivial periodicsolutions that bifurcates from the trivial solution (x=0) is proved. Conditions are given under which the nontrivial solutions are positive. A prerrequisite Fredholm and adjoint operator theory for linear periodic systems is developed. An application to application dynamics is made.


Three-dimensional stress distribution in a model of the human ankle joint under static loading has been measured nondestructively in real time by using the scattered-light polarizer photoelastic method with depolarized incident light. The maximum shear stress distribution in the interior of the model is obtained by optical slicing with the incident light sheets. The stress pattern in the interior of the model can be examined visually as contour lines of the maximum shear stress distribution as well as in 2-D plane-light photoelasticity.


This paper starts by providing extensive literature review on entrepreneurship, starting from how to define it, to its macro-economical impact, to the different stages of entrepreneurial start-ups. The literature goes further in the resources needed to make such entrepreneurial ventures successful, and analyzes different agency problems that can arise between the entrepreneur and other financial investors. The paper is based on two case studies of newventures in professional service firms (PSFs) analyzing the partnership mechanisms between the entrepreneur and other financial investors, highlighting potential problems that arise in real life, how to mitigate them. One of the case studies had the luck of fixing such partnership, leading to the satisfaction of all stakeholders and the creation of a sustainable entrepreneurial venture, while the other case study faced similar problems leading it to bankruptcy.


Process‐based morphodynamic models can be useful in understanding coastal dune responses to disturbances, as well as possible evolutionary patterns. To this aim, we employ Duna, a simplified 1D morphodynamic model, to assess the influence of dune morphology (height and slope) on sand transfer and deposition across the dune profile for different beach widths and wind incidence angles through idealized experiments. Simulations of real conditions show good model performance, both in wind flow reproduction and in topographic change along the dune profiles tested. The idealized experiments show that wind speed increases and sand accumulation decreases logarithmically with dune height and linearly with stoss slope along the dune profile. Fetch and cosine transport limiting parameters are reflected in the sand accumulated windwards from the toe, while sand transfer to the dune appears controlled by multiple factors; the higher the dune and/or the narrower the beach, the likelier that maximum accumulation occurs under oblique winds. Results point to two different types of evolution for high dunes. Either the vegetation is dense enough to maintain the stoss position, in which case vertical growth near‐ceases and seaward progradation is promoted, or the stoss is eroded and landward retreat dominates, in which case sand transfer to the crest and lee continues as a mixture of low input from the beach and recycled sand from the stoss.


Unit 1. Roles and Relationships 1. Families and Communities 2. Growth and Development 3. Pediatric Assessment Unit 2. Systematic Exploration of Pediatric Conditions and Nursing Care 4. Head and Neck: Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat 5. Respiratory Conditions 6. Cardiovascular Conditions 7. The Hematologica Conditions 8. Oncology Conditions 9. Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions 10. Neurological Conditions 11. Gastrointestinal Conditions 12. Genitourinary Conditions 13. Musculoskeletal Conditions 14. Infectious and Communicable Conditions 15. Integumentary Conditions


The invention relates to a headrest structure which includes a main cushion (11) mounted adjustably on a seat (1), and two side cushions (2) respectively mounted on both sides of the main cushion ( 11) and extending perpendicularly to said main pad. Each side cushion (2) may comprise an extension (25) received telescopically therein and slidable along the direction of extension of the associated side cushion, to mount an automatic retractor belt.


Introductory Remarks. Random Variables and Probability Distributions. Probability Processes and their Mathematical Description. Random Differential Equations. System with Random Structure. Stability Analysis Using Scalar Lyapunov Functions. Stability Concepts for Stochastic Systems. Random Scalar Lyapunov Functions. Conditions of Stability in Probability. Converse Theorems. Stability in Mean Square. Stability in Mean Square of Linear Systems. Stability Analysis Using Multi-component Lyapunov Functions. Vector Lyapunov Functions. Stochastic Matrix-Valued Lyapunov Functions. Stability Analysis in General. Stability Analysis of Systems in Ito's Form. Stochastic Singularly Perturbed Systems. Large-Scale Singularly Perturbed Systems. Stability Analysis by the First-Order Approximation. Stability Criterion by the First-Order Approximation. Stability with Respect to the First-Order Approximation. Stability by First-Order Approximation of Systems with Random Delay. Convergence of Stochastic Approximation Procedure. Stabilization of Controlled Systems with Random Structure. Problems of Stabilization. Optimal Stabilization. Linear-Quadratic Optimal Stabilization. Sufficient Stabilization Conditions for Linear Systems. Optimal Solution Existence. The Small Parameter Method Algorithm. Applications. A Stochastic Version of the Lefschetz Problem. Stability in Probability of Oscillating Systems. Stability in Probability of Regulation Systems. Price Stability in a Stochastic Market Model. References. Index. Lyapunov Functions. Stability Analysis Using Multicomponent Lyapunov Functions. Stability Analysis by the First-order Approximation. Stabilization of Controlled Systems with Random Structure. Applications References Index.


This report discusses the ghgas IC project which when applied, allows for an evaluation of LANL's HIGRAD model which can be used to create atmospheric simulations.


The demands being placed on crop production are increasing, particularly in developing countries. In many instances, the rate of gain in crop yields has dropped while input costs (e.g., fertilizers) have undermined the potential benefi ts gained from introducing new varieties. This situation is particularly true in Africa. The challenge is to meet increased demands for food from a growing population by developing new varieties and improving agricultural production methods that are sustainable in the long term, with minimal negative consequences for the environment. There is an opportunity to enhance agricultural production by applying the results of research to meet the demands for food security and environmental conservation. We believe that ensuring strong plant breeding programs in national agricultural research systems (NARS) will be essential in ensuring the sustainable use of plant genetic resources for the benefi t of mankind. Our fi rst step was the assessment of the current state of 12 African plant breeding programs and trends in the allocation of resources within NARS. This has been the key to identifying gaps in order to develop strategies to strengthen sustainable use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) in these programs. The FAO of the United Nations, in collaboration with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centers and other stakeholders, is assessing plant breeding and related biotechnology country capacity, as set out in the Global Plan of Action (article 14) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). As such, FAO is surveying country information and trends in resource allocation for plant breeding and biotechnology, with the aim of raising awareness and evaluating opportunities for investment. This is the fi rst step towards designing national, regional and/or global strategies to strengthen the capacity of national plant breeding programs. This report concentrates on 12 African countries. In this paper we 1) describe the survey mechanism used by FAO; 2) report on preliminary information gathered on 12 African countries; 3) summarize the recommendations


MAPROG is a forecasting instrument. The forecasting formula is fairly simple; the role of the computer is confined to simulating distributions of probabilities. In addition, it is an objective instrument for short and medium term forecasts which nevertheless leaves enough room to deal with a certain number of elements of a subjective nature. Because the MAPROG model does not supply a single forecasting value, but a scale of possible values with the associated probabilities of realization, it is a practical model. In particular it allows for the important role played by change in the development and volume of rail transport in the Netherlands, and also attempts to quantify this uncertainty.


Abstract : This technical memorandum describes the finite element stress analysis of proposed major penetrations in the midship bottom structure of CFAV QUEST. This work was undertaken for two purposes. The first objective was to determine if the proposed modifications would have any detrimental effect on the structural integrity of QUEST's hull structure. The second objective was to demonstrate and validate the new capabilities in the global-detail finite element analysis code VAST DSA (Vibration And STrength, Detail Stress Analysis) developed as part of DREA's Ship Structures project. The results indicated that the penetrations will cause significant increases in stress but these values are still well within acceptable design limits. VAST DSA proved to be an efficient process for undertaking the complex global-detail top/down finite element analysis. This complex analysis was undertaken within a reasonable time frame which will be further decreased in future with improvements in data management and model generation.


Preface 1. Introduction Early and Late Binding The Object Models for Working with Access The Visual Basic Dialects 2. DBEngine Object DBEngine Properties DBEngine Methods 3. Errors Collection and Error Object Errors Collection Properties Errors Collection Methods Error Object Properties 4. Workspaces Collection and Workspace Object Workspaces Collection Properties Workspaces Collection Methods Workspace Object Properties Workspace Object Methods 5. Databases Collection and Database Object Databases Collection Properties Databases Collection Methods Database Object Properties Database Object Methods 6. Containers Collection and Container Object Containers Collection Properties Containers Collection Methods Container Object Properties 7. QueryDefs Collection and QueryDef Object QueryDefs Collection Properties QueryDefs Collection Methods QueryDef Object Properties QueryDef Object Methods 8. Recordsets Collection and Recordset Object Recordsets Collection Properties Recordsets Collection Methods Recordset Object Properties Recordset Object Methods 9. Relations Collection and Relation Object Relations Collection Properties Relations Collection Methods Relation Object Properties Relation Object Methods 10. TableDefs Collection and TableDef Object TableDefs Collection Properties TableDefs Collection Methods TableDef Object Properties TableDef Object Methods 11. Groups Collection and Group Object Groups Collection Properties Groups Collection Methods Group Object Properties Group Object Methods 12. Users Collection and User Object Users Collection Properties Users Collection Methods User Object Properties User Object Methods 13. Fields Collection and Field Object Fields Collection Properties Fields Collection Methods Field Object Properties Field Object Methods 14. Parameters Collection and Parameter Object Parameters Collection Properties Parameters Collection Methods Parameter Object Properties 15. Indexes Collection and Index Object Indexes Collection Properties Indexes Collection Methods Index Object Properties Index Object Methods 16. Properties Collection and Property Object Properties Collection Properties Properties Collection Methods Property Object Properties A. Object Model Browser B. Object Model Browser Reference Index


Abstract Lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), of Lac la Ronge, Saskatchewan, were studied from 1948 to 1954. Stomach contents of 1,606 fish from the main lake and 607 from Hunter Bay were analyzed. In the main lake from 40 to 60 percent of the food consisted of chironomid larvae with sphaeriids and caddisfly larvae being other important items. In Hunter Bay amphipods were the chief food and chironomid larvae and sphaeriids shared second place. Abundance and availability of food organisms seemed to determine the type of food utilized. In the early summer whitefish were widely scattered in Lac la Ronge. As the surface water warmed, the fish moved into deeper water apparently responding to temperature changes. In the main lake during July, August, and early September they were concentrated between the depths of 15 and 27 meters. Water temperature ranged from 11° to 14° C. In Hunter Bay during midsummer fish were abundant from 15 to 35 meters where temperatures were usually 8° to 11° C. Whitefis...


Objective
To investigate cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in severe fetal malformations detected by antenatal imaging and to determine the contribution of congenital CMV infection in fetal malformations.

Methods
From December 2007 to December 2014, 436 pregnant women in Nanjing and surrounding areas, who were found with severe fetal structural malformations by ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging and opted to terminate pregnancy in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, were enrolled. Maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples were collected and tested for CMV IgG and IgM by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. A total of 436 fetuses underwent autopsy examinations. Postmortem tissues, including the kidney, lung, liver, skin, heart and placenta, cord blood leukocytes, umbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid were collected and detected for CMV DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Congenital CMV infection is diagnosed when CMV DNA is positive in fetal kidney tissue and/or CMV IgM is positive in fetal plasma. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate.

Results
Among the 436 fetuses, CMV DNA was positive in seven fetal kidney specimens. In addition, some of the lung, liver, skin, heart and placenta, cord blood leukocytes, and amniotic fluid of the seven fetuses were also CMV positive. Thus, these seven fetuses were diagnosed intrauterine CMV infection. Of 168 fetuses with multiple congenital malformations and 268 fetuses with malformation in single system, one (0.6%) and six (2.2%) cases were CMV infected, respectively. Among the fetuses with malformation in single system, CMV was positive in 6.1% (5/82) with central nervous system anomalies and 1/9 with gastrointestinal system anomalies, but was not detected in babies with anomalies in any other systems. Between the two groups of CMV-infected or non-CMV-infected fetuses, there were no significant differences in maternal age [(25.3±3.5) vs (28.4±4.5) years, t=-1.792], weight [(51.3±6.7) vs (55.0±8.0) kg, t=-1.204], and the proportion of education background lower than junior high school [3/7 vs 30.0% (129/429), Fisher's exact test], previous adverse pregnancy outcomes [0/7 vs 6.8% (29/429), Fisher's exact test], vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy [1/7 vs 22.8% (98/429), Fisher's exact test], and male fetuses [4/7 vs 54.3% (233/429), Fisher's exact test], all P>0.05. There were respectively six and 151 fetuses in CMV-infected and non CMV-infected group receiving chromosome analysis. However, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was not significantly different between the two groups [0/6 vs 30.5% (46/151)] (Fisher's exact test, P=0.181). Of the 293 women with serum samples available, 285 (97.3%) were CMV IgG positive, and six (2.0%) were also CMV IgM positive (active infection).

Conclusions
There is no strong association between CMV infection and severe fetal malformations in Nanjing and the surrounding areas, which indicates that routine prenatal screening for CMV has limited value to evaluate severe fetal malformations.

Key words:
Cytomegalovirus infections; Fetus; Congenital abnormalities; Prenatal diagnosis; Prevalence


A complex of pedagogical conditions of sport dancing teachers professional training, directed at forming their readiness for future professional activities is discussed. The content of higher educational establishments of PE students' readiness according to 3 criteria is developed. Results of the proposed pedagogical conditions effectiveness are presented.


ABSTRACT To what extent does soccer increase the capability of the homeless and those living on the street? This study addresses this question by focusing on the ways in which the Homeless World Cup and Street Soccer (Scotland) have impacted upon the lives of some individuals. Primary source data obtained from a series of interviews are situated within Sen's capability approach to social choice theory. The implications of the study contribute to policy by supporting the idea that sport can contribute as a resource of hope through the development of capability that impacts upon life chances and choices. It adds to a growing number of applied studies of sport that have critically used the work of Sen and it advances the way in which this body of work has been utilized in sport and related areas.


under the background of new era, the Internet technology development, and is widely applied in the field of education, for the combination of virtual reality technology and bronze craftsmanship provides a possible, because of the virtual reality technology has the characteristics of immersion, interactivity and idea, to build a platform for interaction between learners and teaching, let learners in virtual 3 d interactive virtual experience, thus giving absorbed new identity makes it not restricted by space-time capture learning skills quickly. Based on the course teaching of bronze ware making process, this paper applies cutting-edge VR virtual technology to the teaching platform to solve the problems of traditional bronze ware making process complexity and high risk coefficient, and expounds its advantages, so as to improve the success rate of bronze ware making in the actual operation process.


This paper considers the limit relationship between the capacities of a separate transponder (beam) satellite, a multibeam transponder satellite and a multisatellite PCS, depending on their orbit altitudes for a number of significant cases. These cases include identical output in the beam or in the entire transponder satellite when the altitudes are different, and the apertures of the onboard multibeam antennas are identical or when the beam partial areas on the surface of the Earth are identical. The parameters mentioned, in their turn, determine the relationship of the power-mass characteristics, and, accordingly, costs of creating the orbital groupings. By comparing the latter with the capacities, it becomes possible to comparatively evaluate the specific costs for the transmission of an information unit, depending on the orbital altitude, number of satellites in the system, and the beams of the transponder-satellites.


This paper analyzes the reason why piston rod of multistage oil cylinder can not meet the design requirements when it retracts and presents the matters needing attention during design and use of multistage oil cylinder


Suppose a chaotic attractor A in an invariant subspace loses stability on varying a parameter. At the point of loss of stability, the most positive Lya-punov exponent of the natural measure on A crosses zero at what has been called a `blowout' bifurcation. We introduce the notion of an essential basin of an attractor with an invariant measure. This is the set of points such that the set of measures deened by the sequence of measures 1 n P n?1 k=0 f k (x) has an accumulation point in the support of. We characterise supercritical and subcritical scenarios according to whether the Lebesgue measure of the essential basin of A is positive or zero. We study a drift-diiusion model and a model class of piecewise linear map-pings of the plane. In the supercritical case, we nd examples where a Lya-punov exponent of the branch of attractors may be positive (`hyperchaos') or negative, depending purely on the dynamics far from the invariant subspace. For the mappings we nd asymptotically linear scaling of Lyapunov exponents, average distance from the subspace and basin size on varying a parameter. We conjecture that these are general characteristics of blowout bifurcations.


A large number of total hip arthroplasties (THA) are performed each year, of which 60 % use cementless femoral fixation. This means that the implant is press-fitted in the bone by hammer blows. The initial fixation is one of the most important factors for a long lasting fixation [Gheduzzi 2007]. It is not easy to obtain the point of optimal initial fixation, because excessively press-fitting the implant by the hammer blows can cause peak stresses resulting in femoral fracture. In order to reduce these peak stresses during reaming, IMT Integral Medizintechnik (Luzern, Switzerland) designed the Woodpecker, a pneumatic reaming device using a vibrating tool. This study explores the feasibility of using this Woodpecker for implant insertion and detection of optimal fixation by analyzing the vibrational response of the implant and Woodpecker. The press-fit of the implant is quantified by measuring the strain in the cortical bone surrounding the implant. An in vitro study is presented.

Two replica femur models (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo Sweden) were used in this study. One of the femur models was instrumented with three rectangular strain gauge rosettes (Micro-Measurements, Raleigh, USA). The rosettes were placed medially, posteriorly and anteriorly on the proximal femur. Five paired implant insertions were performed on both bone models, alternating between standard hammer blow insertions and using the Woodpecker. The vibrational response was measured during the insertion process, at the implant and Woodpecker side using two shock accelerometers (PCB Piezotronics, Depew, NY, USA). The endpoint of insertion was defined as the point when the static strain stopped increasing.

Significant trends were observed in the bandpower feature that was calculated from the vibrational spectrum at the implant side during the Woodpecker insertion. The bandpower is defined as the percentage power of the spectrum in the band 0–1000 Hz. Peak stress values calculated from the strain measurement during the insertion showed to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower at two locations using the Woodpecker compared to the hammer blows at the same level of static strain. However, the final static strain at the endpoint of insertion was approximately a factor two lower using the Woodpecker compared to the hammer.

A decreasing trend was observed in the bandpower feature, followed by a stagnation. This point of stagnation was correlated with the stagnation of the periprosthetic stress in the bone measured by the strain gages. The behavior of this bandpower feature shows the possibility of using vibrational measurements during insertion to assess the endpoint of insertion. However it needs to be taken into account that it was not possible to reach the same level of static strain using the Woodpecker as with the hammer insertion. This could mean that either extra hammer blows or a more powerful pneumatic device could be needed for proper implant insertion.


Abstract Objective To utilize publicly reported, state-level data to identify factors associated with the frequency of cases, tests, and mortality in the USA. Materials and methods Retrospective study using publicly reported data collected included the number of COVID-19 cases, tests and mortality from March 14th through April 30th. Publicly available state-level data was collected which included: demographics comorbidities, state characteristics and environmental factors. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the significantly associated factors with percent mortality, case and testing frequency. All analyses were state-level analyses and not patient-level analyses. Results A total of 1,090,500 COVID-19 cases were reported during the study period. The calculated case and testing frequency were 3332 and 19,193 per 1,000,000 patients. There were 63,642 deaths during this period which resulted in a mortality of 5.8%. Factors including to but not limited to population density (beta coefficient 7.5, p < .01), transportation volume (beta coefficient 0.1, p < .01), tourism index (beta coefficient −0.1, p = .02) and older age (beta coefficient 0.2, p = .01) are associated with case frequency and percent mortality. Conclusions There were wide variations in testing and case frequencies of COVID-19 among different states in the US. States with higher population density had a higher case and testing rate. States with larger population of elderly and higher tourism had a higher mortality. Key messages There were wide variations in testing and case frequencies of COVID-19 among different states in the USA. States with higher population density had a higher case and testing rate. States with larger population of elderly and higher tourism had a higher mortality.


Social contract theory is one of the basic socio-political doctrines of the European and Russian Enlightenments. Various models of relationships between the authorities and society are reflected in the treatises of European and Russian enlighteners. However, the concept of the social contract is a constantly changing ideological construct, 'a tacit agreement' created, sought for, and pronounced in different cultural texts. The authors of the article mainly focus on the odic poetry of the 18th century, the sphere of Russian culture where the idea of a mutually beneficial agreement between a monarch and their subjects was most vividly, clearly, and comprehensively expressed. The article aims to identify the main stages in the history of development of the relationship between a monarch and their subjects as reflected in poetry. The 'social contract' paradigm was mostly formed during the reign of Peter the Great, when the 'functions' of a sovereign and his subjects were determined: a monarch took care of the commonweal and his subjects obeyed and served him. Some poets of the Petrine epoch (Karion Istomin, I. V. Paus, V. K. Trediakovsky) endorsed ideas of enlightening the Russ, the monarch's duty to protect the faith and fatherland from foes, and subjects' faithful service to their monarch. After Peter the Great's death, the situation changed. The figure of the empress as an ideal ruler and an enlightened monarch who did everything possible to attain the 'bliss' of the Russ came to the fore in odes and verse inscriptions for fireworks and illuminations. The emotional motives of the 'social contract' were also modified: love was declared the driving force of the monarch and her subjects. Subjects should be willing to sacrifice themselves for the empress's kindness and generosity. The paternal-filial model of the relationship between the authorities and citizens did not change into a maternal-filial one during Elizabeth's reign. The names used to refer to the empress's in odes names remained 'Peter's blood' and 'Peter's daughter'. In the literary culture of the 1770s–1990s, subjects' bliss was declared a necessary condition of the ruler's bliss. That it was impossible to criticise the monarch provoked criticism from the nobles, who were unfamiliar with the common people's needs and aspirations. By the end of the century, the genre of the solemn ode was in decline: it only returned to popularity during Paul I's and Alexander I's accessions to the throne. The beginning of the 1800s can be considered a borderline, after which illusions about the possibility of an 'amicable agreement' between a monarch and their subjects were destroyed.


ABSTRACT Across the literature, travelling has been viewed as a recurring activity for older adults and is driven by a multitude of purposes and reasons. Previous studies have probed touristic activities of older adults however, little is known about their emotional experiences specifically their sense of happiness when joining international group tours, hence this phenomenological study. A qualitative approach was utilized to gather data from a group of 15 purposively selected participants aged 60 years and above. A two-part instrument consisting of a robotfoto and a semi-structured interview was used in this study. Through vertical and horizontal analyses of the field text, this study afforded the development of The Spiraling Model of Aging Filipino Tourists' Happiness. This model describes aging tourists' happiness while travelling as a product of Shared Moments, Shared Culture, Shared Memories, and Shared Transcendence. Summarily, findings of this study may provide significant insights to service providers such as hotels, airlines and travel agencies across the globe in developing innovative marketing strategies that cater to this promising age group. Empirically, this study may stimulate further exploration in the field of Cognitive Psychology aimed at adding large-scale data regarding the study of emotions specifically older adults' happiness when joining international group tours.


The nineteenth-century French painter Gustave Courbet famously declared that he did not paint angels because he had never seen one. If artists of classical antiquity were ever troubled by such scruples regarding depictions of the supernatural, it is not (so far as I know) documented. This is not to say that the question of how an artist could represent, say, an Olympian deity, went completely unheeded: Dio Chrysostom's Olympic Discourse of ad 97 is one serious attempt to address that topic, with significant implications for the status of an artist (in this case, Pheidias) famed for 'imagining' the divine. Yet evidently the task of visualizing spiritual phenomena devolved no less to humble 'craftsmen' – as Hélène Collard shows in her monograph, Montrer l'invisible. This gathers a catalogue of 164 Athenian vases, mostly of the fifth-century bc, as case studies of the various formulations devised to show religious experience – many of them images upon objects, such as white-ground lekythoi, that may once have been used in particular rites and observances. Graphic traditions of mythology, and an established series of personification (e.g. Nike, Eros, Hypnos), assisted the process. However, many of the scenes collected by Collard do not apparently attempt to 'show the invisible'. They seem, rather, to evoke the realities of regular practice – processions, libations, sacrifice, adornment of a stele. Such scenes only become 'paranormal' when invested with some extra knowing detail: for example, a large owl alighting upon an altar (presumably indicating the favour of Athena). And sometimes we simply have to look a little closer to apprehend the signs of divine agency. So a herm-head appears to lean forwards – as if to sip at the kantharos held up in propitiation – while the phallus of another herm seems distinctly to elongate in the presence of two ecstatic women.


(57) Abstract: describes a new family, LIR polypeptide immunoreceptor molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily. LIR family encoding a member sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence, creating a polypeptide encoded by a DNA hybridizing to a specific nucleotide sequence, a method for producing the LIR family of polypeptides, as well as against the LIR polypeptide specificity antibodies are disclosed. LIR family members may be used in the treatment of disease states associated with autoimmune diseases, as well as suppressed immune function.


The authors have studied the effect of substrate atomic steps on the azimuthal alignment of crystals in polycrystalline pentacene films. The substrates used were Si (111) with a low miscut angle and these were annealed at high temperature in ultrahigh vacuum before the pentacene deposition to produce surfaces with atomically flat terraces and arrays of parallel atomic steps. By depositing pentacene on these heated samples, at a low deposition rate, the authors have succeeded in obtaining significant azimuthal alignment of the pentacene crystals relative to the atomic steps.


Silica-supported vanadium-substituted tungstophosphoric acid (TPAVx, x = 0–3) catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and their physico-chemical properties derived from different spectroscopic techniques. The characterization results confirmed the incorporation of vanadium into the framework of heteropoly tungstate anion and the Keggin structure remained intact on SiO2. Vapor-phase aerobic oxidation of benzylamine was evaluated over these catalysts and dibenzylimine was obtained as the selective oxidative condensation product. Under optimized reaction conditions, 90% conversion of benzylamine with 95% selectivity to dibenzylimine was achieved over 20 wt% TPAV1/SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst showed constant activity, after an initial decrease by about 10%, during the time on stream analysis. Controllable acidity and redox properties of the catalyst were accountable for high catalytic activity and selectivity. A plausible reaction mechanism is also elucidated.


Experimental observation of the edge turbulence in the fusion devices [1] show that in the Scrape of Layer (SOL) plasma is characterized with non-Gaussian statistics and non-Maxwellian Probability Distribution Function (PDF). It has been recognized that the nature of cross-field transport trough the SOL is dominated by turbulence with a significant ballistic or non-local component and it is not simply a diffusive process [2]. In the present work we study the effect of the non-Maxwellian plasma on anomalous transport using a gyro-kinetic formalism. Here, we consider the application of fractional kinetics to plasm a physics. This approach, classical indeed, is new in its application. Our aim is to study the effe cts of a non-Gaussian statistics on the characteristics of the drift waves in fusion plasmas. We use the solution of the FokkerPlanck equation with a collisional operator consisting of a constant, uniform friction and a stochastic field modeled by alpha-stable statistics repres ented by a fractional derivative in the velocity space, see Ref. [3]. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with fractional velocity derivatives in shearless slab geometry and the stati onary state is then plugged into the linearized gyro-kinetic dispersion equation. The dispers ion equation is solved numerically and the solutions are presented. Following the approach used by Barkai [4] we find the Fraction al Fokker-Planck Equation (FFPE) with fractional velocity derivatives for shearless slab geometry in the presence of a constant external force as: ∂ Fs ∂ t + v ∂ Fs ∂ r + F ms


PURPOSE: To provide a clock-spring type connector with a simple structure at low cost. CONSTITUTION: A clock-spring type connector has a housing 10 and a hub 20, partitioning a chamber part 14 and a carrier member 30 having a first roller 31 joined to a first folded back and curved part 43 of a first flat conductive cable 41 and a second roller 32 joined to a second folded back and curved part 44 of a second flat conductive cable 42, is installed in the chamber part 14. The first and the second flat conductive cables 41, 42 are wound reciprocally spirally in the inner circumferential part of the chamber part 14 neighboring the hub 20 or along the outer circumferential part of the chamber part 14 neighboring a housing wall 15.


The invention discloses a flexible passive adaptation type fairing disc which comprises a chassis (2) and a polishing adhesive (6), wherein the chassis (2) is fixedly connected with a connecting flange (1), the connecting flange (1) is movably connected with a ball head shaft (7) which can be connected with a machine tool, the downside of the chassis (2) is wrapped with a flexible sandwich layer (4) through an isolating membrane (5), and the polishing adhesive (6) is arranged at the bottom of the isolating membrane (5); and the flexible sandwich layer (4) is mainly prepared through carrying out heating reaction on boric acid and dimethyl silicone oil in a certain proportion at a certain temperature. In the process of operating, the fairing disc is installed firstly, and then an operation of processing is performed according to a certain rotating speed and a certain processing path. The fairing disc disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple control, low cost, high rotating speed, high fairing efficiency and the like.


Objective: The objective of present investigation is to design a colon targeted microspheres of 5-flourouracil by using natural polysaccharide based carrier which is inexpensive and naturally occurring and also having hydrophilic and swelling properties. Methods: The pectin microspheres were prepared by ionotropic-external gelation technique and drug loaded pectin microspheres were coated with ethyl cellulose by co-acervation phase separation method. Results and Conclusion: The in-vitro drug release effects behavior of 5-flourouracil microspheres done in various pH conditions for pectin microspheres, ethyl cellulose coated pectin microspheres and ethyl cellulose coated pectin microspheres in presence of pectinase enzyme up to 12 hr. The prepared microspheres were characterized by entrapment efficiency, particle size, micromeritic properties, in-vitro release behavior, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. It was observed that increasing the polymer concentration along with the cross-linking time given the better affect of microspheres characteristic and percentage release of drug. Key words : 5-Flourouracil; Natural Polysaccharide; Ethyl cellulose; Ionotropic gelatination; Pectinase enzyme.


One of the most characteristic features of German sentence structure is the so-called 'frame' (Rahmen, Klammer). According to the 'frame' principle, complex verbal expressions in main clauses are split up in such a way that the finite portion occurs in second position (in interrogative and imperative clauses in first position), while the remainder is relegated to the end, thus enclosing most of the clause in a kind of frame.


Impulsivity has been defined as a predisposition toward reacting quickly and without planning to internal or external stimuli, with no thought to the consequences of these reactions for the impulsive individual or for others (Moeller, Barratt, Dougherty, Schmitz, & Swann, 2001). Whiteside and Lynam's (2001) model of impulsivity identified four dimensions measured by the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (see also Whiteside, Lynam, Miller, & Reynolds, 2005): (a) Urgency refers to the tendency to experience strong impulses in situations of intense negative or positive emotions (e.g., negative and positive urgency, respectively) to which the individual responds by behaving impulsively in an effort to rid himself of these emotions, regardless of any potential consequences or risk of injury, (b) Lack of Premeditation is the tendency to act without considering the consequences, (c) Lack of Perseverance refers to the difficulty of concentrating on a boring or difficult task, and (d) Sensation Seeking refers to the tendency to enjoy and pursue exciting activities, as well as the willingness to try new experiences that may or may not be dangerous. The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale has been validated in several clinical populations and its factor structure has been replicated in men and women, adults and adolescents, and in several languages (d'Acremont & Van der Linden, 2005; Van der Linden et al., 2006; Whiteside & Lynam, 2003). The conceptualization of Urgency trait that is dominant in the literature postulates that this trait is an emotion-based disposition and the emergence of individual differences can be identified in the relationship between emotion and behavior (Cyders & Smith, 2008). According to this view, emotion has a primary role in the production of dysfunctional impulsive behaviour associated with Urgency trait. The loss of available cognitive resources and the interference with rational decision-making comes as a consequence of the intensity of the emotions (Cyders & Smith, 2008). This point of view seems in contrast to Beck's cognitive perspective. Beck's cognitive model has been empirically supported for treatment of a variety of Axis I and Axis II disorders (Beck, 2005; Beck & Dozois, 2011; Butler, Chapman, Forman, & Beck, 2006), including disorders associated with marked impulsivity such as borderline personality disorders (Brown, Newman, Charlesworth, Crits-Christoph, & Beck, 2004) and pathological gambling (Fortune & Goodie, 2012). From the perspective of cognitive theory, cognitive distortions and dysfunctional beliefs represent central aspects of the phenomenology of these disorders. Fundamental beliefs or cognitive schemas are deep, unconscious and stable structures that influence our assessment of reality and guide all cognitive processes, from encoding to the selection and expression of behavioral responses. Although Beck's model was not designed to explain impulsive behaviors, several components of the model refer to these behaviors (Ivanoff, Linehan, & Brown, 2001). First, the model posits that when a schema becomes rigid and dysfunctional, it becomes hypervalent, or easily activated by a trivial stimulus. A dysfunctional, hypervalent schema can also become prepotent and inhibit other schemas that are better adjusted to reality. In such a case, the schema can generate an intense emotional response, create attentional biases and decrease the processing of information needed for affective and behavioral regulation. Second, Beck's model views personality as a stable organization composed of different interrelated systems, each composed of several schemas with their own function: cognitive schemas (interpretation), affective schemas (generalization of feelings), motivational schemas (desires), action schemas (preparing the action), and control schemas. Functioning alongside the action system, the "control" system modulates, modifies and inhibits impulses. …


The N‐substituted triazole, itraconazole, has high affinity for the cytochrome P‐450 (cyt. P‐450) isozyme involved in the 14α‐demethylation of lanosterol in Candida albicans microsomes. Fifty per cent inhibition was already observed at itraconazole concentrations ≤ 5 × 10−9 M. Higher concentrations (≥ 10−7 M) of this antifungal are needed to interfere with the 14 α‐demethylation in mammalian cells. Unlike ketoconazole, itraconazole does not significantly affect in vitro androgen, gluco‐ and mineralocorticoid steroidogenesis. Itraconazole also does not affect the cyt. P‐450‐dependent 19‐hydroxylation of testosterone, a step in the conversion of androgens to estrogens. The 1‐hydroxylation of testosterone by pig testes microscomes is only slightly inhibited. It is hypothesized that itraconazole's selective activity on ergosterol bisosynthesis is due to its high affinity for the apoprotein of the C. albicans cyt. P‐450 involved in the 14α‐ demethylation of lanosterol.


Abstract : The phenomenon of azimuthal drift of a gyroscope under the influence of nutational oscillations was discovered in 1955 by K. Magnus. These same results were obtained in experiments by B. T. Plymale, R. Goodstein, V. A. Pavlov, and D. S. Pel'por. In this analysis, the solution of the differential equations of the motion of an equilibrated gyroscope will be done by the method of neutralization of Krylov and Bogolyubov. The equations of the motion of a free gyroscope, taking into consideration the moments of inertia of the wheels of Cardan suspension, are derived by the Lagrange method. (Author)


A model is described that compares allocations of land uses in terms of aggregate economic rent, taking specific account of the interdependence between floodplain land uses and upstream land uses. Solution of this model by dynamic programming for the Hickory Creek watershed suggests that some restriction of land uses in the floodplain, but not for all subbasins, and some provision of detention, but not for all subbasins, is preferable to the results likely from implementation of typical policies for floodplain management. Determination of target land use patterns through allocation models that account for the interdependence may therefore be worthwhile if policy instruments can be developed so that such targets can be attained.


To fabricate various advanced structures with HgCdTe material, the Inductively Coupled Plasma enhanced Reactive Ion Etching system is indispensable. However, due to low damage threshold and complicated behaviors of mercury in HgCdTe, the lattice damage and induced electrical conversion is very common. According to the diffusion model during etching period, the mercury interstitials, however, may not diffuse deep into the material at cryogenic temperature. In this report, ICP etching of HgCdTe at cryogenic temperature was implemented. The etching system with cryogenic assembly is provided by Oxford Instrument. The sample table was cooled down to 123K with liquid nitrogen. The mask of SiO2 with a contact layer of ZnS functioned well at this temperature. The selectivity and etching velocity maintained the same as reported in the etching of room temperature. Smooth and clean surfaces and profiles were achieved with an optimized recipe.


Abstract An investigation of member-perceived curative factors in an incest-survivor group suggests that the relative importance of curative factors may be related to group stages.


Resistance to anticancer agents is often due to defects of intracellular pathways of cell death. Thus, the identification of the apoptotic pathways that can still be recruited by chemotherapeutic agents in cancerous cells can disclose new opportunities to treat malignancies. Here we show that human astrocytoma ADF cells (which are resistant to "mitochondriotropic" agents as well as to the antineoplastic drug etoposide and to proteasome inhibitors when used alone) undergo dramatic apoptotic death when exposed to a combination protocol based on the use of etoposide in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Sensitization to cell death involved an autoamplifying loop of caspase activation, where the "executioner" phase of apoptosis was sustained by cooperation of caspase-2, -9, -8, and -3. We also show that sensitization of cells to the combination protocol involved the nuclear relocalization of p53, despite the presence of a polymorphism in its DNA-binding domain, suggesting the likely induction of p53-dependent proapoptotic genes. Conversely, p53 phosphorylation on Ser-15 did not play any role in apoptosis. In conclusion, use of etoposide in combination with proteasome inhibitors may represent an effective strategy to restore sensitivity to apoptosis in human astrocytoma cells bearing multiple defects of intracellular apoptotic pathways.


This paper mainly investigates the impact of cochannel interference between the Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R) wireless channel and the Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) wireless channel on the Quality of Service (QoS) of GSM-R network in 930-935MHz band. The measurement environment and measurement system are presented. The measurement results of transmission interference period ($\mathrm{T}_{\text{TI}}$) and transmission recovery period ($\mathrm{T}_{\text{REC}}$) in the circuit switched domain (CSD) of GSM-R network reveal the LTE-R signal received power threshold that affects the QoS of GSM-R network. This practical research can be used for evaluating the impact of co-channel interference between the LTE-R wireless channel and the GSM-R wireless channel on GSM-R network performance.


Free radicals and other "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) are formed continuously in the human body, both deliberately and by "accidents of chemistry." Our endogenous antioxidant defenses are inadequate to completely prevent damage by ROS. Hence, diet-derived antioxidants may be of special importance in delaying or preventing the onset of diseases in which ROS are involved, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and some forms of cancer. Determining the optimal intake of antioxidant nutrients is one of the greatest challenges in the nutrition/free radicals field today, but the possibility of side effects from supraoptimal doses must not be ignored.


The position of the thumb (40) to change the first cursor (10) position. The user changes the line of sight of the second cursor (11) position. If the first cursor (10) position is not changed within a predetermined time period, said first cursor (10) position becomes fixed. If the first cursor (10) and the distance between the second cursor (11) becomes longer, in addition to the first cursor (10) out of said second image and a cursor (11) displayed (G1) is enlarged and displayed. If the first cursor (10) and the distance between the second cursor (11) becomes short, and the addition to the image than the second cursor (11) displayed by said first cursor (10) (G1) is reduced in size and displayed.