Heat transfer is one of interesting fields of research investigated in many engineering applications. It relates to the amount of energy transferred due to temperature difference of two or more surfaces of materials at a particular mode of transfer in respect of time. Heat transfer has several modes of delivery including convection, conduction, and radiation. Heat can be transferred through a medium or a combination of mediums which can be forms of solid, liquid, and gas or a combination of those forms. A number of researches have been carried out related to heat transfer concepts in a number areas of applications including energy, industry, health, etc. This research is to review on convective heat transfer inside a fluid-filled rectangular cavity and address a number of conditions affecting convective heat transfer of the systems including: effect of partially active wall, effect of nanoparticle fluid, effect of magnetic field, and effect of thermo-sensitive gels & functional particles. The conclusions are also presented based on the explanation of the information and data collected.


Subjective Well-Being, Unidimensional or Multidimensional? Bi-Factor Analysis in a Sample of College Students In the present study the subjective well-being structure (WB) proposed by Diener (1985) was analyzed through application of a bifactor model. A total of 281 students from Córdoba, Argentina, 61.2% women, Mage=21.7, participated in the study, and were evaluated with Satisfaction with Life Scale (LS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PA and NA, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate two models: oblique (PA, NA and LS) and bi-factor with a general factor (GF) representing WB, and three specific ones. The bi-factor model had a better fit, although results obtained (e.g., ωh) indicate that GF only accounts for 15.9% of the variability of scores. For this reason, the model proposed by Diener (1985) has more support, which shows evidence on the multidimensionality of WB by differentiating affective and cognitive.


Expanding the range of finished products by introducing into the process of underused fish species and secondary raw materials formed during their cutting is now a priority objective of production activity of fish processing enterprises, which ensures their economic stability. The multivariance of the directions of range expanding determines the purpose of the paper: studying feasibility of expanding the range of baked fish pastes of saffron cod and rudd by introducing caviar and milt of these fish into the recipe of the finished product. Experimental studies have been performed showing the effect of caviar and milt on the organoleptic properties and biological value of baked fish pastes. The results of experimental studies have proved the significant effect of the type of fish raw material on the quality of the finished product. It has been established experimentally that the developed recipe for baked fish pastes with saffron cod caviar and milt (chopped muscle tissue - 60%, oil - 20%, water - 15%, gonads - 5%) provides developing high organoleptic properties, as well as increasing biological value compared with the basic recipe without milt and caviar. It has been shown that as a result of introducing rudd caviar and milt into the recipes of pies the organoleptic properties of the finished product decrease to the level unacceptable for the consumer, but the biological value of the finished product from this fish increases compared to the baseline. The comparative coefficient of innovation indicates the feasibility of the developed technology since the following effects have been noted: expansion of the range of finished products; increase in the volume of raw materials intended for food purposes; increase in the rate of innovation from 35.5 (basic recipe) to 41.9 (saffron cod paste with milt) and 45.3 (saffron cod paste with caviar).


OBJECTIVES Relate the variation in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients from medium and high socio-economic levels, suffering from chronic active gastritis (CAG) and peptic ulcer, from 1985 to 2002, in Lima, Peru with the content levels of chlorine in the water at the "Atarjea" Water Treatment Plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,815 patients showing upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were examined by esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, excluding those patients who during the past four weeks had been treated with antibiotics, H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors. The variation of the H. pylori infection prevalence was compared to the content levels of chlorine in the water at the "Atarjea" plant. RESULTS A total of 1,290 patients with CAG were identified; 178 with duodenal ulcer; 55 with gastric ulcer and 292 with histologically normal gastric mucose (HNGM). The prevalence of H. pylori in patients with CAG dropped from 83.3% to 58.7% (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Between 1985 and 2002, prevalence of Helicobacter pylori with chronic active gastritis (CAG) and/or peptic ulcer in patients from the medium and upper socio-economic strata, diminished. No correlation was found between the chlorine content levels in the water treated at the "Atarjea" plant and the decrease of this prevalence.


Flow regime pattern and bubble size distribution in a two-dimensional bubble column(0.20 m×0.02 m×2.00 m) were investigated by combining experiment and simulation.The effects of gas inlet velocity on flow regime pattern and bubble size distribution were measured by high-speed digital camera.The results show that there exist dispersed bubble,transitional and coalesced bubble flow regime patterns,and the distributions of the bubble size can be described by the lognormal distribution function.According to two-fluid model,fluid dynamics were simulated by using commercial soft package ANSYS CFX 10.0 with k-e turbulence model and GRACE drag model.The numerical results are in fair agreement with the experimental data,which indicates that the numerical simulation of calculation fluid dynamics(CFD) can be used to predict hydrodynamic characteristics and to provide useful information for designing and scaling-up gas-liquid bubble columns.


province. There are three Madame Bovarys: Charles's mother, his first wife, and Emma. The pun of the subtitle suggests that they are all dying from provincial customs. This particular trio, and more importantly the other trio of Felicie, Felicite, and Lheureux, help explain the fascination exerted by this book on the creative imaginations, among others, of James Joyce and Samuel Beckett. A statistical examination of the key words in Flaubert's novel would reveal that its central idea is the various notions of happiness literally expressed in the names of the second trio. The analysis of these names recalls the notion of the motthemey/tach Ferdinand de Saussure developed in his pioneering research in the functions of alternate suggestions contained in character names in the literature of antiquity.2 Flaubert is aware of character doubles, but in this instance he raises the stakes to introduce a third character who almost passes through the narrative and scarcely receives the attention she deserves. Emma's basic predicament is her awkward quest for happiness. One minor person is the piano instructor Felicie Lempereur in Rouen. It should be recalled that Emma pretends to take lessons from her, but instead she exploits her as a pretext for obtaining funds from Charles in order to have rendez-vous with Leon Dupuis. Felicie Lempereur only makes the briefest of appearances, and it must remain Flaubert's mystery for giving her almost the same name as Napoleon Bonaparte's mother, Laetitia Bonaparte, whose first name in Latin means "happiness." The last name of the piano instructor refers to the exalted title the emperor acquired for himself. Historically Napoleon's mother was known to react with praise to the joy of her brood of overachievers by questioning the duration of their successes. Like a onewoman Greek chorus she was always there ultimately to voice doubt. These historical events were not meant to be repeated by the piano instructor. What counts here is her name in relation to the novel's unfolding plot.


The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was primary developed for imaging applications. With the introduction of the Si(Li) energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), simultaneous imaging and x-ray microanalysis became possible. However, long working distance and high current were needed because the position and small solid angle of the EDS detector. SEM was initially and is still optimized for imaging applications, where the high spatial resolution is generally obtained at short working distance. This problem is still relevant today and unfortunately x-ray microanalysis is never performed in the best imaging conditions, i.e., not with the smallest probe size. With the introduction of an annular silicon drift detector (SDD) system, scanning electron microscopy is facing a revolution. This detector is inserted below the objective lens and has four segments which give a higher solid angle (up to 1.2 sr). Also, a lower working distance and probe current can be used. An improved spatial resolution becomes possible during x-ray microanalysis. However, the effect of the detector geometry and position on the quantification microanalysis is unknown.


Effective spatiotemporal feature representation is crucial to the video-based action recognition task. Focusing on discriminate spatiotemporal feature learning, we propose Attentional Fused Temporal Transformation Network (AttnTTN) for action recognition on top of popular Temporal Segment Network (TSN) framework. In the network, Attentional Fusion Module (AttnFM) is designed to fuse the appearance and motion features at multiple ConvNet levels for each video snippet, forming a short-term video descriptor. With fused features as inputs, Temporal Transformation Networks (TTN) are employed to model middle-term temporal transformation between the neighboring temporal snippets following a sequential order. AttnTTN achieves the state-of-the-art results on two most popular action recognition datasets: UCF101 and HMDB51.


; In this paper, adsorption of cationics
cetyl dimethyl allyl ammonium chloride (CDAAC) on \{Al(OH)\-3\} and CaCO\-3 particles were
studied. The effects of adding inorganic anion on adsorption amount and interface charge were
investigated. The specific surface areas and contact angles of samples were determined. The
results showed that adding PO\+\{3-\}\-4 was favourable to adsorption account for increasing
interface negative charge, modification samples were hydrophobic.\=\;]


In this paper,we give an extensive conclusion in Lemma 2 by using Lemma 1(reference),then we prove two theorems using Lemma 2.Consider the second order differential equation, (r(t)x′)′+x=f(t,x(t),x(φ(t))), where |f(t,x,x(φ(t)))|≤f\-1(t)+f\-2(t)|x|~α+f\-3(t)|x(φ(t))|~β. Theorem 1 and theorem 2 give two sufficient conditions about this equation blonging toL.S∩L.C.As applications,we give two examples.


Recently,intrusion detection has become a hot topic in network security.There aretwo basic analysis approaches in intrusion detectionthat are anomaly detectionand misuse detection.The formerincludesstatistical analysis,predictive pattern generation,neural network,genetic algorithm,sequence matching and learning,immunologic system,specification-based,data mining,integrity checker and Bayesian technology;the latterincludesexpert system,model-based,state transition analysis,Petri net,protocolanalysis and decision tree.There are also other analysis techniques such as alerts correlation analysis,visualization and trap.Intrusion detection system(IDS)has twokinds of architectures that are centralized architecture and distributed architecture.The main prospects ofintrusion detectionfor future improvement are high-powered detection,distributed architecture,evaluation,standardization and security technology fusion.


In the field of network security, the security performance assessment of target host and target network is the research highlight. This paper brings forward to a quantitative fusion model aimed at target host security. The model, based on standardized network comprehensive information database, performs credit fusion and relevancy analysis on the target host information, and analyzes the existent possibility as well as the exploitability of the target host vulnerability with the help of some relevant mathematics models, and then goes further to the assessment of the target host's general security. The assessments provide a distinct host security quantitative value, which makes it possible to analyze the intrusive possibility and to repair the vulnerability of the host so as to enhance its security.


It is on the rise that enterprises are facing uncertain factors in the socio-economic,and the risk are more complicated.The enterprise risk management triggered by the modern enterprise accounting scandals has become the focus of the issue in recent years.More and more people pay attention to the study of the internal audit risk in theory and practice,which will be a necessary means of preventing enterprise risk.But it is still at the exploratory stage.The paper focuses on analysis of relationship between risk management and internal auditing,and thus brings the discussion about effectiveness of the risk management.


With increasing sophistication of automation in recent years, interaction between humans and automated systems has shifted from humans using automated tools to humans and automated systems "collaborating" with each other. In designing human-computer interactions in complex systems, researchers have drawn analogies between human-computer interaction and human-human collaboration. Although "collaboration" seemingly implies achieving shared goals between equitable partners, collaboration often involves partners who have different levels of authority and responsibility. One such environment is air traffic control (ATC) operations, in which controllers manage air traffic safely and efficiently with cooperation from pilots. This paper examines the nature of collaboration between controllers and pilots in current and future ATC operations. Key factors that drive human-human collaboration style in ATC are discussed. These factors are applicable to the design of automation and decision support tools in future ATC operations.


ABSTRACT The writer was interested in conducting this research in accordance that the students still found difficulties in comprehending recount text. It looked from the result in answering recount text, the students were not achieve the minimum criteria of achievement of English subject of Junior High School 29 of Palembang. This research was conducted in experimental research to 72 students of the eighth grade students of Junior High School 29 of Palembang in the first semester of the academic year of 2013-2014. The objectives of research were to find out whether or not (1) There was a significant difference in average score of comprehending recount texts between the students who are taught using Preview, Ask Question, Read, Summarize (PARS) strategy and those who are taught using conventional strategy; (2) There was a significant difference in average score of comprehending recount texts between the students who are in positive and negative attitude after being taught using Preview, Ask Question, Read, Summarize (PARS) strategy and those who are after being taught using conventional strategy; and (3) There was a significant interaction effect of Preview, Ask Question, Read, Summarize (PARS) strategy and the students' reading attitude on comprehending recount texts. There were some instruments to achieve the objectives of research: test and questionnaire. Keywords: Preview, Ask Question, Read, Summarize (PARS) strategy, Reading  Atitude, and Recount Text


An anomalous subfossil tortoise is described from a Holocene cave deposit at Pomongwe in the Matobo Hills, southwest Zimbabwe (Carbon 14 date 9400 ±100 yrs BP). This specimen appears to be unique in its truncated and depressed anterior carapace with loss of the normal second peripheral, but agrees with Kinixys Bell and Impregnochelys Meylan & Auffenberg in having numerous auxiliary scales. It may lack the carapacial hinge of Kinixys. The epiplastron appears most similar to that of a female Chersina angulata Gray.


Abstract The cylindrical electrostatic deflector is used in the beam transport channel of GALS spectrometer that is created at U400M cyclotron in Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear research. The design and calculation of the deflector are presented in this report. The angular length of the electrodes and gap between potential electrode and screen are found by using of the minimization procedure.


The utility model relates to a wire connection structure used in driving power source aging. The wire connection structure used in driving power source aging is characterized in that the wire connection structure comprises a clamp; the clamp comprises a movable clamping plate and a fixed clamping plate; the movable clamping plate is connected with the fixed clamping plate through a rotating shaft and a torsion spring; the movable clamping plate is provided with insertion pins; and one end of each insertion pin is connected with a power source line, and the other end of each insertion pin is arranged between the movable clamping plate and the fixed clamping plate. Compared with the prior art, the wire connection structure used in driving power source aging of the utility model has the advantages of convenience, low cost, convenience in wire connection of the clamp and operational simplicity.


160 Gbit/s OTDM signal was successfully transmitted over 26-km long PCF. The transmitted signal was demultiplexed with fibre FWM employing newly adopted phase modulation-based pump pulse source.


Three species of the genus Mycomya from China are described as new to science.The type specimens are deposited at the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Forestry College,China.


The objective of this study was to develop a unified correlation for the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient (k L a) and effective interfacial area (a) in bubble columns for various gas-liquid systems using support vector regression (SVR-) based modeling technique. From the data published in the open literature, 1600 data points from 27 open sources spanning the years 1965-2007 for k L a and 1330 data points from 28 open sources spanning the years 1968-2007 for a were collected. Generalized SVR-based models were developed for the relationship between k L a (and a) and each design and operating parameters such as column and sparger geometry, gas-liquid physical properties, operating temperature, pressure, superficial gas velocity, and so on. Further, these models for k L a and a are available online at http://www.esnips.com/web/UICT-NCL. The proposed generalized SVR-based correlations for k L a and a have prediction accuracies of 99.08% and 98.6% and average absolute relative errors (AAREs) of 7.12% and 5.01%, respectively. Also, the SVR-based correlation provided much improved predictions compared to those obtained using empirical correlations from the literature.


Recurrent erysipelas-like manifestations of the legs and their relationship to fungus infections have been thoroughly discussed and investigated. 1 McGlasson's la article focused attention on the phenomenon and its bacterial etiology. Sulzberger and associates, 1b Traub and Tolmach, 1c Waisman, 1f and Reiss 1g advanced the concept that some of the cases represent dermatophytids. The purpose of this paper is to focus attention on the ineffectiveness of antibiotics and to reemphasize the importance of fungicidal measures when the cause is mycotic. Reference to the use of antibiotics in active or prophylactic therapy of this condition has not been found. REPORT OF CASE Present Illness .—W. S., a 24-year-old white man, was admitted to Osaka Army Hospital on Feb. 1, 1952, with a diagnosis of recurrent cellulitis of the right leg. Approximately two hours before admission, the patient, who was well and at work, suddenly experienced a sharp chill followed by


Abstract: There are a number of reasons why it's helpful when people suggest their favourite foods. There has been a rise in the use of automated systems that provide recommendations for various forms of food, including recipes, restaurants, and grocery stores. Scientists have been looking at these sorts of systems for a long time, and their findings show they may help individuals not just identify food they would want to eat, but also fuel themselves more properly. This article summarises the current status of so-called food recommender systems, focusing on both foundational and cutting-edge approaches to the issue, as well as essential specialisations such food recommendation systems for groups of users or systems that encourage healthy eating. Assisting consumers in finding their ideal meal is a crucial function of food recommender systems. Choosing what to eat is a complicated and multi-faceted process that is impacted by many things, including the ingredients, the look of the dish, the user's own preference on food, and many situations, such as what had been eaten at the previous meal. This paper formalises the meal suggestion issue as forecasting user preference on recipes using three essential factors: the user's (and other users') history, the recipe's components, and the recipe's descriptive picture. In order to solve this difficult issue, we design a special neural network. The recommender creates a model of eating habits based on responses to previous surveys. The model is then used to prompt respondents, based on the meals they have previously picked, to submit any linked items they may have forgotten to mention. Model-generated cues were evaluated against those that were manually programmed by dietitians.


.. ABSTRACT We compile and analyze measured data on 141 retrofit projects in U.S. and Swedish existing multi Camily buildings. We examine the costs oC conservation measures and practices and the savings they gen erate. We also discuss the correlation between energy savings and initial pre-retrofit energy intensity, amount oC investment, and choice oC measures. Various INAC system retrofits (heating controls, equipment measures, and altered operation and maintenance practices) are the most popular conservation strategies in our sample oC buildings. Most buildings in the data base are small to medium size multi-Camily buildings; 60 percent are between 10 and 50 units; only 10 percent are more than 100 units. Retrofit costs are less than S250junit in 40 percent oC the buildings, which suggests that many building owners confined their retrofit efforts to Cairly low-cost measures. On average, initial retrofit costs are a lower Craction oC annual energy expenditures in our sam ple oC U.S. buildings than in our Swedish buildings (0.6 versus 2.1). and 30 We Cound that categorizing retrofit project by oC variation in the amount invested; however, energy savings still varied widely among similar groups. Preliminary results Cor buildings in the data base suggest that 8Om«; envelope measures (e.g., "shell" packages and window measures) have longer payback periods (12 and 16 years, respectively) than many oCthe heating system retrofit strategies (1-3 years). We also report on individual conservation measures that are particularly effective in specific build ing and heating system types (e.g., outdoor resets Cor cold-Climate buildings with hydronic boilers).


Notwithstanding the revamped attention to equity in higher education the world over, it is pertinent to realistically address several foundational issues if equitable access to higher education for sustainable development is indeed envisaged. What is the understanding of 'equal' in the context of everyday African society and how has this affected access policy implementation? What roles have existing higher education access practices played in achieving the inclusion of marginalised groups? Could policy definitions of 'disadvantage', 'under-representation' and 'vulnerability' have been misplaced, flawed, or outdated? What should new equity reforms be targeted at, or more problematic, how should they be targeted? These profound questions provoke the thinking in this paper using the lingering crisis of university admission in Nigeria as a case study within the context of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper critically reflects on the country's 'merit-driven' application system and ambiguous quota admissions policy to illustrate the possibility of persistent exclusion and heightened inequalities should the status quo remain. It ultimately calls for the need to contextually rethink equity policies and practices towards the achievement of the SDGs.


With mounting cyber conflicts, cyber crimes and other security threats in the wake of technological advancement, Russia and China have suffered from malicious cyber attacks, data insecurity, cyberterrorism, among others. Despite domestic efforts in regulation and releasing a series of laws on cyber security, both nations still find it difficult to solve all cyber security issues, because the cyber space itself is highly open, extends beyond borders and has no boundaries. As such, mutual cooperation is needed to yield the expected results.
So far China and Russia have mainly conducted multilateral and bilateral cooperation. The former is done under the SCO and BRICS frameworks, of which SCO emphasizes on cooperation to prevent cyberterrorism, and BRICS leans towards cooperation on data security. Though bilateral cooperation has witnessed a later start, it has achieved some results, mainly in establishing a communication channel to mutually respond to international information safety threats. Experts from both countries believe that as a whole, the Sino-Russian cyber safety cooperation mechanism is quite comprehensive, and has made substantial progress at the technical and infrastructure building level. That being said, there are still some limitations. For instance, both countries still lack substantial safety cooperation, and there is still room for improvement on cyber mutual trust.
Nonetheless, when compared with the relation between the US and its allies, the cooperation between China and Russia pays greater attention to equality and mutual respect, and therefore has shown more trends of sustainability.


This research assesses the mediating role of the Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) as Chair of the Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC). The departure point of this paper is that the character of the position of the TNC Chairperson lends itself to a mediating role, a crucial feature that is often underestimated. The paper looks at the precise features of the multilateral trade negotiations that qualify the DG as a mediator. The WTO is regarded as a Member driven organization consisting of 159 country members. The Chairs of various negotiating bodies within the WTO are expected to be impartial and objective, thereby ensuring transparency, inclusiveness in the consultative process and in decision making, while aiming to facilitate consensus. The concepts of neutrality and partiality are analysed as determinants of failure or success in the exercise of the role of a mediator, in particular as this concerns the WTO negotiations. In this research I argue that poor conception of the mediatory aspect of this role is what has undermined progress in the negotiations. A literature review is offered in order to shed more light on the definition and meaning of the concepts of neutrality and impartiality as they relate to the role of the mediator. This also provides a contextual overview of the role of the WTO and the various actors that constitute it. I demonstrate here how these concepts can sometimes be used interchangeably and, more importantly, I highlight the misunderstanding in the application of these concepts in the field of mediation. The case study that this paper


Spatial Data Infrastructures still focus geodata discovery and visualization. Web platforms for publishing, sharing and documenting geospatial algorithms are equally important, but do hardly exist. The Geoprocessing Appstore, a Web-platform respectively portal, provides a software solution for current algorithm discovery and access problems. It allows users to publish, search and download implementations of geospatial algorithms. Supplementary to the algorithm management and discovery components, the Geoprocessing Appstore comprises a knowledge platform to manage and cite semantic descriptions of geoprocessing functionality. Further, the Appstore's algorithm sandbox enables to test and execute published algorithms. The implementation of the Geoprocessing Appstore bases on various Open Source software frameworks and uses standard interfaces to ensure interoperability and integration into existing Spatial Data Infrastructures or software components.


University business education graduates, by the nature of their programme, ought to possess relevant information and communication technology competencies for successful entrepreneurship but casual observation and empirical reports indicate that they are not doing well in this aspect. Therefore, this study assessed the ICT competencies possessed by the university postgraduate business education students to handle entrepreneurship business challenges in Nigeria. One research questionand five hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population, also used as the sample, consisted of 388 business education graduates who are currently running their postgraduate programme in universities in the south-south and south-east geopolitical zones. A validated questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.96 was used for data collection. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions while Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the respondents have relevant competent in ability to send e-mail, ability to receive e-mail, skills in producing documents with word processors among others. However, it was recommended that university authorities should encourage business education lecturers and students to organize workshops and conferences with a view to keeping them abreast to acquire more skills in ability to receive and send fax messages and ability to create website.


The social media has become a great medium for people around the world to openly express their thoughts and views. But for all its advantages, it has also paved way for many people and organizations to intentionally spread fake news and misinform others. And the rate at which fake news is being currently generated, it has become critical to create a reliable mechanism that can efficiently classify a real news from a fake one. This research paper analyses the different approaches, involving ensemble learning, that can be used to accomplish the same by using only text features of the news data. We observe that a combination of three optimal ML algorithms, clubbed by an advanced ensemble learning technique, can give results with an accuracy of more than ninety eight percent.


The Barrow Island Field in the Barrow Sub-basin of the Carnarvon Basin was discovered in 1964 by West Australian Petroleum Pty Limited. It is the largest oil field in Western Australia. Appraisal drilling has defined in-place oil of 200 GL (1,250 MMBBL) and in-place gas of 16.5 Gm3 (580 BCF) primarily in the Lower Cretaceous Windalia Sand Member of the Muderong Shale and in- place gas of 14.5 Gm3 (515 BCF) in Middle Jurassic Biggada Formation. Additional hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered, including oil and gas in the Upper Jurassic Dupuy Formation, the Lower Cretaceous Malouet Formation, Flacourt Formation and Tunney Member, Mardie Greensand Member and M zones of the Muderong Shale and in the Upper Cretaceous Gearle Siltstone. Approximately 850 wells have been drilled to appraise and develop these accumulations, and to provide water source and water injection wells to enhance recovery. Production commenced in December 1966, with the first shipment of oil in April 1967. Although numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs have been developed, 95% of the 44 GL (278 MMBBL) of produced oil has been from the Windalia Sand. Structural development of the Barrow Island anticline occurred initially during the Middle Jurassic and continued intermittently during the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Initial charging of the Dupuy and Malouet formations with oil from the Upper Jurassic Dingo Claystone occurred in the Early Cretaceous prior to the development of the shallower closures. Periodic wrench- related movement on the Barrow Fault during the Early to Late Cretaceous produced closures at the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs and provided a catalyst for oil migration and charging of these closures. Significant amounts of an extremely biodegraded component, and several less biodegraded phases are present in the oil in the Windalia Sand, indicating several phases of oil charging of the Barrow structure from Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments. In the Tertiary, gas sourced from Triassic and Jurassic sediments migrated into the Barrow structure via a dilated Barrow Fault, charged the Middle Jurassic Biggada Formation and displaced some of the oil in the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs.


Trx2 is a critical regulator of cell survival and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. In vitro studies show overexpression of Trx2 confers an increase in mitochondria membrane potential and resistance to apoptosis induced by peroxides and etoposide. Knockdown of Trx2 expression results in apoptosis. Knockout Trx2 mice died in early embryonic development. To gain further insight into the roles of Trx2 in vivo, we established hTrx2 transgenic mouse model with hTrx2 expression under a CAG promoter. A C‐terminal V5 epitope tag was included to aid the detection of the transgene product. In all 3 founder lines that were generated, high expression of hTrx2 was observed in heart, pancreas, and skeletal muscle, while the expression in brain, lung and kidney were lower. This tissue distribution quantitatively differed from that of endogenous mouse Trx2 and cytochrome c. Western blot analyses of extracts from isolated mitochondria of liver, heart and skeletal muscle showed that hTrx2 was expressed in mitochondria in a processed form with removal of MLS. Thus, the hTrx2 was expressed in the mice as the mature form localized in mitochondria. Quantification of mRNA level by real‐time PCR showed that mRNA distribution did not correlate with the protein expression. These results indicate that mechanism other than transcription control hTrx2 expression. The results indicate that this transgenic mouse model will provide a useful way to observe the function of Trx2 in normal and pathological processes.


Brief research on the inflluence in the field of gender equality of the theories that explain professional segregation and indirect discrimination, analizing the acquis communautaire in order to achieve a true Community legal order mandatory to member States so that they enforce policies towards the completion of substantial equality for women.


A major challenge for today's manufacturing organizations is how to respond agilely and cost-effectively to dynamic fluctuations of demand patterns across product mix and increasing rates of new products introduction. As traditional process planning and production scheduling operate independently for process plans and production schedules generation respectively, production schedules generation processes become inflexible and is restricted by the pregenerated process plan. In response to this issue, a multi-agent Monte Carlo configuration and optimization method is proposed to integrate process planning, production scheduling, and resource optimization for concurrent evaluation of planning and scheduling options. The principle of this methodology is to integrate agent bidding mechanism and Monte Carlo optimization, in which agents perform iterative interactions to evaluate production decisions dynamically for an optimum solution determination.


SUBTITLE: THE NEED FOR VIGILANCE AGAINST GLOBAL TERRORISM AND UNAUTHORIZED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER COMBINES WITH THE SEARCH FOR NEW SUPPLY-CHAIN EFFICIENCIES.


Food is a basic need that is often needed by every human being. With the increasing food needs are balanced with the development of a wide variety of fast food. The introduction of fast food is often aimed at teenagers using media advertisements which will affect the perception of the beholder. The increased interest in teenagers affect the desire to buy against food products that his ads aired so that companies succeed in influencing consumers. Taking place in high school 4 student siswinya is due to the belief with respect to strategic and they are active in following the development of the times. This research aims to know the relationship of interest advertising against the desire to buy at "Warung Upnormal" on high school Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura. This research is observational research with cross sectional design. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique with a number of respondents as much as 57 respondents. Statistical tests using test of Rank Spearman. The results showed interest in advertising in the category of respondents is low (51.78%). The desire to buy at "Warung Upnormal" respondents in the low category (55.35%). Spearman Rank test results to interest ad with the desire to buy at "Warung Upnormal" value p= 0,000. There is a relationship of attraction of advertising against the desire to memebli at "Warung Upnormal".
Keywords: Attraction, teens, the desire to buy


A vibrational method and apparatus for accelerating and increasing in efficiency of passage of stones from the ureter comprises introducing into the ureter (U) of a catheter (10) with a vibrating head (12) which imparts radial oscillations to the walls of the ureter at a distance of 0 to 30 mm from the areas where the stone (S) is lodged. Catheter (10) is a flexible tube which has a head (12) which is expandable radially and axially by means of an oscillating element (24) driven from a reciprocating vibrational drive (26). Drive (26) has a tapering end (32) which, during its reciprocations, causes expansions and constrictions of the resilient head, due to its interaction with inner projections (18) and (20). The apparatus is universal in its application and can be used without any changes for pushing the stone, located in the upper part of the ureter, back to the kidney, where the stone can be more readily disintegrated by means of subsequent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. By replacing some parts, the apparatus can be converted into an ultrasonic device for accelerating passage of stones or into an ultrasonic device for destruction of stones in the ureter.


Under the National Banking System from 1863 to 1913, the United States experienced a serious banking panic roughly every decade (Sprague 1910; Miron 1986). Yet, despite this anomalous record of financial and economic turbulence, the federal government did not take the decisive step toward comprehensive reform until the panic of 1907. Less than a year later, Congress adopted the Aldrich-Vreeland Act. Establishing the National Monetary Commission, the Act mobilized leading policy makers, bankers, and economists to propose Awhat changes are necessary or desirable in the monetary system@ (White 1911, App. A; Wicker 2005). Through a parallel private organization representing Athe general business public,@ J. Laurence Laughlin weighed in on the policy debate. In his influential edited volume Banking Reform (1912), Laughlin elaborated the consensus view on the defects of the National Banking System, and emphasized its negative impact on Main, not just Wall, Street. Its artificial note-issue and reserve regulations, he argued, diminished the elasticity of currency but more importantly banks=


The invention relates to a high-torque differential gearbox shell. The high-torque differential gearbox shell comprises a box cover and a box body. A power input hole and a power output hole are formed in the box cover. A first annular boss, an annular rib and strip ribs which are distributed in a scattered mode are arranged by using the power output hole as the circle center. The inner side end of each strip rib is connected with the first annular boss. The outer side ends of some strip ribs extend out of the annular rib, and the outer side ends of the other strip ribs are connected with positioning columns arranged on the annular rib. The number of the strip ribs which are close to the power input hole is large than the number of the strip ribs which are far away from the power input hole. The parts, between the annular rib and the first annular boss, of the strip ribs are in the same plane with the parts of the annular ribs and the first annular boss. The thickness of the parts, outside the annular rib, of the strip ribs is gradually decreased. A second annular boss is arranged around of the power input hole, and the first annular boss is connected with the second annular boss through a third annular boss. The intensity between the power output hole and the power input hole which are formed in the box cover is enhanced, and the box cover can bear the big torque when a vehicle differential gearbox is in use.


performances or changes added at the whims of a copyist or even the composer himself. Herissone's study is a highly significant contribution to a better understanding of compositional processes and musical invention in Restoration England. It is revealing how important it is to understand a time's use of musical sources in order to attain renewed insights, helping us to explain the complex and evanescent nature of music. But the book is also important for another reason: though the author's primary aim is not to review the consequences of editing music, it ultimately challenges common approaches to critical editing, in particular to music of the early modern period. Due to the "serial recomposition," as Herissone defines the constant reworkings and changes, the understanding of a more dynamic work concept must lead us to an approach that is not focused on the composer's intentions or final authorial intention. Also understanding aspects of performance practice and "background variation" is of great value for any critical editor. Hopefully the present study will lead to investigations of music of later periods too. My only reservation is the music examples produced in Finale. The layout is not of the highest standard and most of the examples are rather squeezed and graphically somewhat unsatisfactory. It is a pity – though unfortunately a common fault in many academic books on music.


Logistics is the foundation and artery of the national economy.The construction of a "three dimensional" logistics network will make Tianjin to be an economic center in North China,a modern international port city and also an ecological city.Based on the introduction of the system concept and characteristics of the "three dimensional" logistics,the influence of building a "three dimensional" network to speed up Tianjin port construction and the strategy of implementation are analyzed.


Real-time monitoring of dye loading on TiO2 photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
has been applied to quantitatively investigate dye uptake kinetics for the benchmark Ruthenium(II)-based dyes, N3 and N719.
 Two-step kinetic profiles were observed for both dyes, composed by a fast pseudo-first order step followed by a slower, zero-order process.
Static impregnation was compared with dye loading under continuous flow conditions using solutions at different dye concentrations.
Photovoltaic performances of DSSCs prepared according the two procedures were also evaluated.


This paper presents a technology of designing the software of real time analysis system based on C++Builder,the designing principle of interface,several methods of data collection in Windows operation system,the method of displaying real time curve based on draw curve and DirectDraw technology,reading data file and wave analysis. Using the object oriented technology,the practical data acquisition and analytic systems with the characteristics of reliability and facility can be built.


In recent years, information security has become a corporate priority due tothe large number of cyber-attacks that happen every day. These attacks could cause a regression in economic growth, which makes corporations another reason to defend their system. This paper provides an introduction to Saudi Aramco as well as an overview of its products. Then, the paper examines the Aramco cyber-attack in 2012. Aramco is a massive company with huge facilities that require powerful policies on security. Aramco should implement a Redundant Array of Independent Disks and Intrusion Detection System and review the log files on the server to protect its servers against attacks.


This work aims to analyze the social responsibility of manufacturing companies in the state of Hidalgo through the instrument of Gallardo, Sánchez y Martínez (2013) applied in a total of 381 companies to recognize if the size of them influences the practices related to CSR, being an empirical research, A basic, quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach where a stratified sampling was carried out because there are several populations (sub-sectors) that are part of the total population (sector), was obtained as a result of the ANOVA of a Factor that is determined with respect to the F statistic is 2. 087 and the significance level was higher than 0.050 being .102 according to the business responsibility regarding the size of the company, it was identified that the size is not a factor for the business responsibility of the manufacturing entities in the state of Hidalgo.


The existence of the continuous exploitation of the commercial timber species causes the forest inventory continues to experience shrinkage. Diospyros celebrica Bakh is one of the wood species that are rare and categorized as "scarce", because the scarcity of this type is affected by its limited habitat and distribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth/spread of ebony in Palu. Primary data was obtained from interview with key informants or people who know and are experienced about ebony. Then, the research is analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. From the identification results, it shows that the population of Ebony reaches 261 trees spread in four Regional District in Palu and all of them are Black ebony type (Diospyros rumphii Bakh). Key words: Ebony, population, growth


NASA`s Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) is an online service which assists the scientific community in the discovery of and linkage to environmental data. The GCMD consists of a relational database with over 3600 descriptions of data from over 650 data centers worldwide. Over 35% of the data descriptions are related to marine and coastal environments, representing both remotely-sensed and in-situ data. In addition to oceanography, the GCMD features data descriptions in meteorology, ecology, hydrology and geology, thereby facilitating interdisciplinary searches for data. Two search interfaces allow users to retrieve the descriptions: one uses controlled vocabulary, the other permits the input of free-text. The offering of search options presents the opportunity to test user preferences and search successes. For one month in which user accesses were analyzed, users retrieved information more often using the free-text search option than with the controlled search option.


These days,It goes without saying that cyber Literature has witnessed tremedous growth against the backdrop of modern and post moden context. The reason why a certain literature exists to this day is due to the fact that it manifests the way anti literariness it helps to conduct oneself in society and its unique aesthetic value by the fashion of its aesthetic mentality. This thesis,ventures to profoudly illustrate the following from the dimensions of transmission subject,soial practice enviroent,network carrier,and reading subject,etc. that bring about the disparity between the aesthetic demand and expectation; the discrapancy between the textuality and aesthetic manner; the distinction between asthetic tastes and judgennent,thereby,to sum up the basic features of cyber literatre's impact on the personal aesthetic exprience,and an this basis,to furher point out the asthetic orientation of future development of cyber literature.


Multi-Agent reinforcement learning has received lot of attention in recent years and have applications in many different areas. Existing methods involving Centralized Training and Decentralized execution, attempts to train the agents towards learning a pattern of coordinated actions to arrive at optimal joint policy. However if some agents are stochastic to varying degrees of stochasticity, the above methods often fail to converge and provides poor coordination among agents. In this paper we show how this stochasticity of agents, which could be a result of malfunction or aging of robots, can add to the uncertainty in coordination and there contribute to unsatisfactory global coordination. In this case, the deterministic agents have to understand the behavior and limitations of the stochastic agents while arriving at optimal joint policy. Our solution, DSDF which tunes the discounted factor for the agents according to uncertainty and use the values to update the utility networks of individual agents. DSDF also helps in imparting an extent of reliability in coordination thereby granting stochastic agents tasks which are immediate and of shorter trajectory with deterministic ones taking the tasks which involve longer planning. Such an method enables joint co-ordinations of agents some of which may be partially performing and thereby can reduce or delay the investment of agent/robot replacement in many circumstances. Results on benchmark environment for different scenarios shows the efficacy of the proposed approach when compared with existing approaches.


Abstract In today's market-driven educational culture, universities are coming under increasing pressure to justify funding through the disclosure of measurable outcomes in education and research. One educational objective that receives particular attention is critical thinking, regarded as an essential skill in both academic and work environments. The assessment of critical thinking has become a significant enterprise, with a number of standardised tests available for both individuals and organisations. While these tests are based on well-known taxonomies of critical thinking, this paper argues that institutions should be wary of using them as a means to measure educational outcomes. First, they fail to take into account fundamentally contested issues within conceptions of critical thinking. They also have significant weaknesses in terms of validity and reliability. Finally, and most importantly, they provide only a limited assessment of critical thinking, failing to evaluate the skills exercised in real-life academic tasks. A more effective approach to critical thinking testing would be one implemented at a faculty level, with assessments carried out on coursework integral to the curricula of specific academic disciplines.


There is a renewed interest in the study of the rheology of halite since salt cavities are considered for waste repositories or energy storage. This research benefits from the development of observation techniques at the microscale, which allow precise characterizations of microstructures, deformation mechanisms, and strain fields. These techniques are applied to uniaxial compression tests on synthetic halite done with a classical press and with a specific rig implemented in a scanning electron microscope. Digital images of the surface of the sample have been recorded at several loading stages. Surface markers allow the measurement of displacements by means of digital image correlation techniques. Global and local strain fields may then be computed using ad hoc data processing. Analysis of these results provides a measure of strain heterogeneity at various scales, an estimate of the size of the representative volume element, and most importantly an identification of the deformation mechanisms, namely crystal slip plasticity and grain boundary sliding, which are shown to be in a complex local interaction. Indeed, the applied macroscopic loading gives rise locally to complex stress states owing to relative crystallographic orientations, density and orientation of interfaces, and local deformation history. We have quantitatively estimated the relative importance of crystal slip plasticity and grain boundary sliding for different microstructures and evidenced their dependence on grain size. The two mechanisms of deformation and their link to the microstructure should thus be considered when modeling polycrystalline viscoplasticity.


GRAHAM D. J. and SPENCE N. (1998) A productivity growth interpretation of the labour demand shift-share model, Reg. Studies 32, 515-525. This paper proposes modifications to the labour demand shift-share model set out in this journal by CASLER, 1989, to allow for its implementation and to extend its use to analyses of regional labour productivity growth. The paper begins by briefly outlining the theoretical basis for the shift-share method provided in Casler's paper, and then goes on to present a specific reformulation of the model which incorporates input price and technological growth effects on labour demand. These additional effects are defined as productivity components within the shift-share model, and the empirical and theoretical implications of the modifications made are discussed in the paper. An empirical example of the results obtained through the modified labour demand shift-share model is then provided for selected British regions. The paper concludes by outlining potential uses of the modif...


As a key method of protein study, the recombinant protein technology is playing an essential role in biochemical and biophysical study. The affinity purification is widely used as the most convenient method of protein purification. There are several kinds of affinity tags and purification resin in application with different characters. The choosing of the appropriate affinity purification strategy should be guided according to the specific character of the study object. With two affinity tags used in order, researchers can purify protein complex with high purity. This strategy, which is also named tandem affinity purification, is now an important method used in protein interaction discovery. Several kinds of tag matching are successfully used in previous study and some have been successfully commercialized. The tandem affinity purification has now been widely applied in all kinds of model organisms.


ABSTRACT Soil microbial biomass (microbial biomass) contains substantial amounts of potassium (K) as a reservoir of K in soils. However, information about K dynamics and K flux through the microbial biomass are lacking. In the present study, the turnover time of microbial biomass K was estimated for the first time using paddy field soils. The paddy field soils, either amended with substrates of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, or not, were aerobically incubated for 60 days, during which the amounts of microbial biomass K were periodically determined by the chloroform fumigation-extraction procedure. Microbial biomass K increased to twice (51.4–72.3 mg K kg−1 soil) of that in the unamended control 5 days after addition of the substrates and gradually decreased to the values in the control (25.2–44.0 mg K kg−1 soil) until 60 days of the incubation. The turnover time of microbial biomass K was estimated from the declines in the substrate amended soils. The turnover time of microbial biomass K ranged from 80.4 to 98.5 days, which roughly corresponded to the cultivation period of rice (about 100 days). These results indicated that microbial biomass K plays important roles in the supply of K source as well as the reservoir of K in paddy field soil.


To gain the high-guality GaN nanostructure,GaN nanowires were successfully prepared on the Si(111) substrates through ammoniating Ga2O3/V thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering.These GaN nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicated that these nanowires were hexagonal GaN single crystals.The high-quality nanowires were prepared at 900℃ with the average diameter around 60nm and the length ranging up to 10 μm.


Rectification is an important operation of chemical industrial production,with strong nonlinear and time-varying.Most of the existing researches are focus on designing.But the methods of saving energy in the operation of rectification are seldom involved.This paper brought up the analysis of four-tower rectification using neural network.The training results of the neural network were close to the samples.It indicated the neural network comes off satisfactorily.In the end,applied this model to the optimization of rectification for energy saving.


With disadvantages such as unclear responsibility,lack of competition,poor efficiency and low economic benefit,the old mode built up in the stage of planned economy for development of coal mines becomes day by day unapplicable in the new stage of market economy.The paper analyses several possibilities of reforming the old mode and comes to the conclusion that the configuration of "incorporation"conforming to international organizational rules is the ideal mode in the future to develop state owned coal mine...


Harestad & Bunnell (1979) showed that, at least for North American species, home ranges of large herbivorous mammals are relatively larger than we would expect on metabolic grounds, and suggested that the productivity of the environment for mammal species decreases with increasing body size. This interpretation assumes that the number of conspecifics that share an individual's home range is independent of body size. Data presented here show that this is not true for the species in their sample; the home range is shared with an increasing number of conspecifics in larger herbivore species. The productivity of the environment for a species is independent of body size and the area available to an individual for its own use scales approximately as do individual metabolic requirements. These results agree with conclusions based upon the scaling of population density with body mass and illustrate the interrelationship between home range and dietary and social organization trends among mammalian herbivores. Individual home range area is a function of the way in which the local population of a species, not merely an individual, exploits the environment.


The contribution of the atmosphere in SAR interferometry is not completely
known. Therefore, the goal of the project is to characterise the atmosphere, i.e., to
study the way it relates to interferograms. The analysis of the atmospheric parameters that have an inuence on interferometry will cause a better understanding
of the atmosphere.
One of the objectives is to determine the relationship between interferograms
and the refractivity calculated on the Earth's surface, to evaluate whether variations or changes of refractivity involve a change in the interferograms.
This work also deals with the analysis of the atmospheric distance of correlation. This distance indicates the maximum separation between two correlated
points of the atmosphere. SAR di erential interferometry uses this parameter
to extract the component of phase due to the atmosphere, so the calculation of
velocities of deformation of the land is better.


The main goal of this work was to investigate the effects of silane-modified graphene nanosheets (MGNS) and modified nanoglass flakes (MNGF) on the physical and mechanical properties of vinyl-ester resin (VER) composites. The surface modification was evaluated about these composites' physical and mechanical behavior by techniques such as water absorption, tensile, three-point bending, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The analytical data revealed that the silane functionalized nanocomposites improved the interface between the nanosheets and vinyl-ester matrix. It was found that surface modification could significantly improve the dispersion and adhesion of GNS and nanoglass flakes (NGF) compared with those of neat vinyl-ester and unmodified composites. The presence functionalization of NGF and graphene nanosheets (GNS) in vinyl-ester formulation did affect the tensile and flexural strength and modulus, water absorption, and storage modulus. GNS/VER exhibited higher tensile and flexural strength and modulus than the original composite. DMTA results also showed incorporation of NGF and GNS decreased glass transition and increased storage modulus relative to neat composites. Nonetheless, the incorporation of functionalized graphene nanosheets and nano glass flakes represent higher Tg and storage modulus.


The results of the study reveal social and pedagogical importance of the outlined problem, the insufficient level of its scientific development, the estimation of the real state of foreign language education in the system of preparation of pedagogical workers in different historical periods, the need to use the positive experience of organization and implementation of teaching foreign languages. The purpose of the article is to study the process of transformation of the content of professionally-oriented English language training for future teachers of non-philological specialties in the 40's and 50's of the XX century. and universities was widely discussed at conferences and mass media. In those years, the mentioned problem did not only begin to be formulated in connection with the prevalence of initial grammar-translation and later – consciously-comparative methods of teaching a foreign language. Although the socio-economic situation at that time did not require deep knowledge of a foreign language from the comprehensive school graduates, it became apparent that underestimating the specifics of this subject lead to the separation of grammar knowledge from the practical acquaintance with the language. Hence, the «bias» towards one of the aspects of language, grammar, was quite natural.


It has already been shown that nanoparticle shape and form often determines their function and utility, with extreme changes in physico-chemical properties. Ordered Mesoporous materials with amorphous walls, are a family of nanoporous solids with several extremely attractive features for hosting molecules of various shapes, sizes and functionalities. High surface area materials are most important in catalytic applications where a high contact area between reactants and catalyst is necessary in order to maintain high yields at low cost. Mesoporous materials offer extremely high surface areas, typically above 1000 m/g. Mesoporous silica morphologies that have been obtained include fibers, toroids, spiral shapes, discoids, gyroids, hollow and solid spheres. Control of morphology in mesoporous materials is thought to be governed by kinetic effects, where the self-assembly of surfactant molecules and nucleation processes occur simultaneously as a result of the hydrolysis of the silica source, usually tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), into small silicate oligomers. In turn the particle growth process is dominated by the condensation of these oligomers. [4] Control of morphological features in mesoporous alumina is complex and is highly dependent on the alumina source and its hydrolysis history (temperature, pH etc.). For most applications control of morphological features in mesoporous alumina is obtained through physical means, for example through extrusion of the synthesis gel. In the present study we attempt to control the growth of silicate and alumina mesoporous materials directly in the synthesis gel by addition of dispersants in the form of "noninteracting" co-surfactants. The structural, porous and morphological properties of mesoporous materials prepared and their characterization is discussed. REFERENCES: [1] M. Antonietti, G. A. Ozin, Chem. Euro. J. 2004, 10, 28. [2] C. T. Kresge, M. E. Leonowicz, W. J. Roth, J. C., Vartuli, J. S. Beck, Nature 1992, 359, 710-712. [3] H. Yang, G. Vovk, N. Coombs, I. Sokolov, G. A. Ozin, J. Mater. Chem. 1998, 8(3), 743. [4] A.E.Garcia-Bennett, K. Lund, O. Terasaki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, in press.


On the basis of diverse material of historical sources the paper presents history of towns of the South-Eastern part of the Vyatka province: Yelabuga, Sarapul, Malmyzh and Urzhum. Towns' emergence causes and their subsequent destiny before the early XX-th century were explored. The Author makes the case for studying of mentioned towns as a united historical, geographical and economic area due to their specific ethnic composition and location. The Tatars' migration processes from the territory of the former Kazan Khanate to the South-East districts of Vyatka province were analysed, where Tatars formed a settled population in the lapse of time, including urban population. An attempt is made to estimate Moslem population in Yelabuga, Malmyzh, Urzhum and Sarapul districts and in administration centres of these territorial entities.


This paper analyzes the two opinions of enterprise development, namely "environment determining" and "resources of enterprise determining", and puts forward the concept of the balancing strategy of "environment-resources" to achieve the development of enterprises. In order to achieve the integration and balance between environment and resources, and sustain competitive advantages, the enterprise should view innovation as the core of business operations, well define the core businesses, and pay much attention to organizational learning. As a kind of special resources of enterprises, the entrepreneurship and the capability of entrepreneurs play a significant role in the existence and development of enterprises.


Human rights have been viewed as the civil religion of our time. The philosophical conception of human rights opens up the cosmopolitan perspective of a Civitas gentium, a universal City of peoples, a secular version of the Civitas Dei, which preserves an element of transcendence in the realm of rational law, with the regulating idea of a political unification of the human species under the laws of freedom. Without rejecting this utopia, J.-M Ferry proposes here to look at human rights from a pragmatic standpoint as the guarantee of arguments that activate public reason, particularly its demand for justice. Religions, on the other hand, represent the foundation of private convictions that morally direct individual existence, conditioning in varying ways the adherence of the members of society to the political principles, laws and institutions that govern their life together. Presented in this way, the relationship between religions and human rights can be specified as a relationship between the ethical-religious background of private convictions on the one hand, and the ethical-legal foreground of public reason on the other.


PART I. INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT. 1. Special Education Assessment. 2. The Assessment Process. PART II: ASSESSMENT SKILLS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATORS. 3. Selection of Assessment Tools. 4. Standardized Tests. 5. Informal Assessment. 6. Curriculum-Based Classroom Assessment Techniques. PART III: ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL PERFORMANCE AREAS. 7. School Performance. 8. Learning Aptitude. 9. Specific Learning Abilities and Strategies. 10. Classroom Behavior. PART IV: ASSESSMENT OF ACADEMIC AREAS. 11. Reading. 12. Mathematics. 13. Written Language. 14. Oral Language and Bilingual Assessment. PART V: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS. 15. Parent and Family Involvement, Eleanor W. Lynch. 16. Early Childhood Assessment, Laura J. Hall. 17. Assessment for Transition Education and Planning, John R. Johnson. Answers to Review Questions. Glossary. References. Author Index. Subject Index.


More than 30 major tree species including Parashorea chinensis,Ficus microcarpa,Bauhinia variegate,Ficus religiosa,Dendrocalamus membranaceus and some other preparatory species were selected for the purpose of ecological vegetation rehabilitation in terms of species biological characteristics and landscape function in the principle of suitable trees for suitable plot on the basis of fieldwork analysis.In particular,11 arrangement models of tree species such as Dendrocalamus membranaceus forest,Parashorea chinensis+Terminalia myriocarpa+Pometia tomentosa mixed forest were proposed.


The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Samn–Perelli fatigue ratings, and psychomotor vigilance task performance are proposed as measures for monitoring commercial pilot fatigue. In laboratory studies, they are sensitive to sleep/wake history and circadian phase. The present analyses examined whether they reliably reflect sleep/wake history and circadian phase during transmeridian flight operations. Data were combined from four studies (237 pilots, 730 out‐and‐back flights between 13 city pairs, 1–3‐day layovers). Sleep was monitored (wrist actigraphy, logbooks) before, during and after trips. On duty days, sleepiness, fatigue and mean response speed were measured pre‐flight and at the top of the descent. Mixed‐model analysis of variance examined associations between these measures and sleep/wake history, after controlling for operational factors. Circadian phase was approximated by local (domicile) time in the city where each trip began and ended. More sleep in the 24 h prior to duty was associated with lower pre‐flight sleepiness and fatigue and faster response speed. Sleepiness and fatigue were greater before flights departing during the domicile night and early morning. At the top of the descent, pilots felt less sleepy and fatigued after more in‐flight sleep and less time awake. Flights arriving in the early–mid‐morning (domicile time) had greater sleepiness and fatigue and slower response speeds than flights arriving later. Subjective ratings showed expected associations with sleep/wake history and circadian phase. The response speed showed expected circadian variation but was not associated with sleep/wake history at the top of the descent. This may reflect moderate levels of fatigue at this time and/or atypically fast responses among pilots.


Background: Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with insulin resistance (IR). This insulin resistance is related to state of chronic inflammation and inflammatory marker such as neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, which can be used as a predictor inflammatory marker for insulin resistance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in New Demitta Hospital patients. Patients and methods: This study is a prospective one that was carried out on thirty (30) populations and sixty (60) patients newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus attending to Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine at Al-Azhar University Hospital, Damietta. All were subjected to full history and clinical examination, laboratory tests include, HOMA IR, HbA1c, serum fasting insulin, CBC, Fasting blood sugar, post prandial glucose level, ALT, AST, serum albumin, bilirubin, GGT, creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high sensitive C-reactive proteins, ESR, BMI and urine analysis. Results: Our study showed that there was statistically significant increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and serum triglycerides in group newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with IR (BI) in comparison with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus without IR group (BII) and controlled group (A).The study showed a significant positive correlation of NLR with HOMA-IR and showed the risk predictors of IR including NLR, TG and HbA1c. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in newly diagnosed type 2 DM with IR having increased NLR which can be considered as early predictor for IR in those patients.


We present new families of lower bounds for the price of the American put option on a dividend paying stock when the stock follows a log normal process and the option can be exercised continuously to a finite horizon T. By put call parity, these bounds can be easily converted to bounds on the price of the American call option on a dividend paying stock. By numerically optimizing these bounds, we obtain tighter bounds on the option price. Our methodology simultaneously furnishes us with an (exponential) exercise strategy. We provide an extensive experimental computation, comparing with convergent binomial tree pricing methods. Our bounds deliver an accuracy comparable to a 2000 step binomial tree, with a computational cost comparable to a 400 step binomial tree.


Multi‐lingual scene text detection and identification is a challenging task in today's world due to the prevalence of many digitized multi‐lingual documents, images, and videos. A valuable method for detecting multi‐lingual text from natural scene images is proposed which uses the convolutional neural network, namely, You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) as the backbone. The proposed system is more agile than YOLOv3 with the introduction of atrous separable convolution (ASC). The multi‐scale prediction in YOLOv3 emphasizes the integration of global features of multi‐scale convolutional layers while it overlooks the blend of the multi‐scale local region features on the same convolutional layer. To overcome this, ASC is applied to efficiently compute dense local region feature maps, thereby reducing computation complexity substantially. Complete IoU loss, which is an accumulation of overlap area, distance, and aspect ratio, is introduced for enhanced accuracy in bounding box regression, wherein IoU designates the measure of overlap between the predicted and the ground truth bounding boxes. The experimental results show that the proposed system is efficacious in detecting multi‐lingual as well as English text from natural scene images.


The Covid-19 pandemic influenced education policy in Indonesia; the consequence of traditional learning switched to online learning. This transition affects students' mental health at various universities in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the mental health level of 82 students who took online learning course and explained the effect of social support and self-efficacy on students' mental health. The present study utilized three measuring tools namely the Indonesian versions of Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS), General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of social support and self-efficacy on students' mental health. The results obtained from this study were that the majority of respondents' mental health, 81.7% were in the high category, 17.1% were in the moderate category, and 1.2% of respondents were in the low category. Furthermore, social support and self-efficacy also affect 71.9% (R Square = 0.719, p = 0.000) of mental health, with an effective contribution of 41.9% by social support and 30% by self-efficacy. Thus, social support and self-efficacy are important keys to improving students' mental health in online learning.


The main issue discussed by the article concerns the question what new digital media do to traditional TV audience and how new technologies are changing television programming and the way of viewing and consumption of this medium. Technological conditions of new mobile media are a decisive part of this change, which, at the same time, is not neutral, as it poses a threat of commercialization of our privacy.


The infection control unit at the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute in Egypt describes how it responded to the challenge of changing a culture of infection control practice in the workplace. Improved disposal of healthcare waste, the introduction of hand hygiene facilities and the design of a central sterilisation unit are some of the measures being introduced to raise awareness of infection control in the institute. The team also found that mupirocin nasal applications on healthcare workers with MRSA colonisation resulted in nasal carriage clearance.


'Weedy rice' is an important resource for breeding and studying the evolution of rice.With the extension of new cultivating technology especially the direct planting,'weedy rice' has caused great loss in rice production both in yield and rice quality in Jiangsu province.This study was carried out to classify the new 'weedy rice' discovered in Yangzhong city of Jiangsu province according to apiculus hair length,phenol reaction,seedling resistance to KClO_3 and SSR markers.Apiculus hair length of 'weedy rice' was about equal to that of indica rice Nanjing 11 and Nanjing 16.Phenol reaction,seedling resistance to KClO_3 and fingerprint by SSR markers were the same as those of Nanjing 11 and Nanjing 16.It was definite that 'weedy rice' in Yangzhong city could be classified as indica rice(Oryza sativa L.sub.indica).


Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that are able to move and replicate within the genomes of virtually all organisms, ranging from animals to plants, and also including protozoans, bacteria and diatoms. Initially considered to be 'junk DNA' with no function, TEs are now thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of genomes and organisms. This review is intended to provide non-specialists with an introduction to the world of TEs by summarizing the information available about these elements, ranging from their impact on genome structure to their potential involvement in the evolution of species. In this review, we propose to bring together what is known about the TEs and provide an overview of recent advances concerning TEs in diatoms.


Pr:LuAG single crystal has interesting properties of a higher density host (6.7g/cm), high light yield (three times higher than Bi4Ge3O12(BGO)) , a very fast 5d-4f emission decay time (~22ns) and good temperature stability around room temperature. Recently we have developed single crystal growth of 2-inch-diameter Pr:LuAG with high uniformity of the light output and decay time on the whole crystal. In this work, we report the results of gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements performed using Pr:LuAG crystal by APD (Hamamatsu S8864-55). Pr:LuAG crystals, which were cut in a rectangular shape (2x2x15mm) and mechanically polished, were used for all experiments. These samples were optically coupled to APD. Gamma-ray response have been evaluated in the range from 122 keV (152Eu) to 1.4 MeV (Am).


Various types of linked structures between added rows on a rutile TiO2(110) surface have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A new type of linked structure, cycle-link structure comprised of eight oxygen atoms and six titanium atoms, has been observed for the first time on TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) surface. High resolution images for asymmetrical and cycle-link structures directly demonstrate that these link structures are only constructed by Ti3O6 added row model, suggesting that Ti3O6 is the suitable basis unit of the added rows on the TiO2(110) surface.


SLAM is a popular task used by robots and autonomous vehicles to build a map of an unknown environment and, at the same time, to determine their location within the map. This paper describes a SLAM-based, probabilistic robotic system able to learn the essential features of different parts of its environment. Some previous SLAM implementations had computational complexities ranging from O(Nlog(N)) to O(N 2), where N is the number of map features. Unlike these methods, our approach reduces the computational complexity to O(N) by using a model to fuse the information from the sensors after applying the Bayesian paradigm. Once the training process is completed, the robot identifies and locates those areas that potentially match the sections that have been previously learned. After the training, the robot navigates and extracts a three-dimensional map of the environment using a single laser sensor. Thus, it perceives different sections of its world. In addition, in order to make our system able to be used in a low-cost robot, low-complexity algorithms that can be easily implemented on embedded processors or microcontrollers are used.


The evolution mechanism of meandering river is one of essential references to predict the evolution disciplines of meandering river. Jingjiang curved reaches are the typical meandering river; more specifically, they are located downstream the gigantic hydraulic project named Three Gorge Project (TGP). Because the incoming water and sediment condition have been changed by the gigantic project, the evolution behavior of Jingjiang curved reaches changes a lot, making the evolution behavior unpredictable. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model could not simulate the transportation characteristics of unbalanced and suspended sediment, leading the predict results of 2D model are far from the measured data. This paper presents a theoretical and numerical approach that explores the evolution mechanism of meandering river downstream gigantic hydraulic project. Firstly, the evolution behavior and evolution disciplines of Jingjiang curved reaches were classified before and after the hydraulic project implement respectively. Secondly, a 2D hydrodynamic model was set up and verified according to the measured data. And then a superior three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, whose boundary conditions were simulated by the results of the 2D numerical model, considering the unbalanced water and sediment transportation properties, was developed and verified by the measured data. Research results show that the 2D model displayed a reasonable accuracy in predicting the water level, branch diversion ratio, and flow velocity; the 3D model displayed a better accuracy in predicting the water lever, vertical flow velocity, longitudinal flow velocity, sediment concentration, and sediment variable quantity. Both 2D and 3D models could be applied to study the evolution mechanism of meandering river; especially the proposed 3D model considering the sediment transport in longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions will improve the accuracy of behavior prediction and will help decision-making for the river regulation.


In recent years, cognitive radios are regarded as a valid solution to solve the problem of inefficient spectrum utilization. A cognitive radio system which has the ability of spectrum sensing and transmission adjustment is proposed in this paper. An optimal detector applied for Thomson's adaptive multitaper spectrum estimation (AMTSE) is presented. The detector is based on Neyman-Pearson Theorem and it can adjust the detection threshold according to the environment change. The simulation shows that the detection rate can outperform energy detection by 40%. On the other hand, adjusting the transmission parameter is required after spectrum sensing. By knowing the interference channel, block diagonalization is applied for canceling the interference when primary user exists. If the primary user is idle, the secondary user's Tx may can estimate the channel state information (CSI) due to the channel reciprocity. So the extra antennas can be used to antenna selection to improve the secondary user's BER performance. Further, the AMTSE spectral detector is implemented by ASIC and the power consumption of this detector is 30.9 mW at 122 MHz. The core area is 1057 × 1057 jm2 and total chip area is 1557 × 1557 μm2.


Objective: To investigate the mechanism of IFN-γ antifibrosis and provide value clues for searching and developing new approaches to the prevention and treatment of organfibrosis,the expression of Smad7 and type Ⅳ collagen was detected in renal tissue of rat ATS glomerulonephritis.Methods: Rat antithymocyte serum glomerulonephritis model was built successfully adopting injection of IFN-γ 15×104 IU/kg vie tail vein once time.Northern blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to identify protein and mRNA expression of Smad7 and type Ⅳ collagen(Col Ⅳ) in renal tissue of rat ATS glomerulonephritis,respectively.Results: IFN-γ could increase the expression of Smad7 and decrease the expression of Col Ⅳ in renal tissue of rat ATS glomerulonephritis.Conclusion: It is possible that IFN-γ can alleviate the development of glomeruli fibrosis by the mechanism of upregulating the expression of Smad7,then downregulating the expression of Col Ⅳ.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide extract of metalloprotease inhibitory activity, in particular lupine, characterized in that it comprises collagenase and gelatinase inhibitory activity (lupine (Lupinus)). The present invention also includes a peptide extract, containing the inert carrier optionally in particular, for treating humans or mammals suffering from a condition or disease associated with excessive degradation of the support by metalloproteases pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition or a nutritional composition.


Quantum computing devices in the NISQ era share common features and challenges like limited connectivity between qubits. Since two-qubit gates are allowed on limited qubit pairs, quantum compilers must transform original quantum programs to fit the hardware constraints. Previous works on qubit mapping assume different gates have the same execution duration, which limits them to explore the parallelism from the program. To address this drawback, we propose a Multi-architecture Adaptive Quantum Abstract Machine (maQAM) and a COntext-sensitive and Duration-Aware Remapping algorithm (Codar). The Codar remapper is aware of gate duration difference and program context, enabling it to extract more parallelism from programs and speed up the quantum programs by 1.23 in simulation on average in different architectures and maintain the fidelity of circuits when running on OriginQ quantum noisy simulator.


Absract: The formation features of transition metals borides at high temperatures and low pressures were investigated and discussed the conditions of formation, structure and wear properties of boride layers on the surface, formed in electron beam processing in a vacuum.


It is routine for the forensic scientist to obtain a genetic profile of an individual from DNA recovered from a biological stain deposited at a crime scene. In contrast, only a limited number of laboratories in the United States have the capability of performing Y-STR analysis in casework. In order to aid in facilitating the transfer of Y-STR technology to the crime laboratory community for operational use, a comparison between commercial products from three main vendors (Applied Biosystems AmpFlSTR® YfilerTM PCR Amplification Kit, Promega PowerPlex – Y System, Reliagene Y-PLEXTM 12) and two in-house Y-STR multiplexes (MPI and MPB) commenced. The main intention for this comparison was to ascertain whether commercial Y-STR kits are able to obtain a male profile from difficult samples which have been accomplished with our in-house Y-STR multiplexes; such as mixtures, post coital specimens, and environmental insults. To aid the crime laboratory community an in depth comparison of the three main commercial Y-STR kits began in hopes to glean information in circumstances where Y chromosome polymorphisms may need to be employed. For example, the ability to provide investigators with the numbers of semen donors in multiple rape cases, identification of the genetic profile of the male component in a male/female mixture, and identification of the genetic profile of the male component in an extended interval post-coital sample. The capability of typing Y-STR loci by the crime laboratory community could dramatically affect the admissibility of Y-STR evidence. Therefore, the comparison of commercially available kits is an imperative process by which the scientific community acquires the necessary information to assess the ability of a procedure to obtain reliable results, determine


Decades after their incorporation into the discipline, the argument that critical approaches are marginalized in the discipline of International Relations (IR) is increasingly becoming questionable. Thus, it is a good time to reflect on critical approaches' evolution and achievements, as well as their 'marginalized position in IR' and relations with conventional approaches. For this aim, this paper focuses on realism(s) and critical theory(ies) while asking whether these two research traditions are conducting 'fair criticisms' to each other based on their own claims and whether their criticisms help develop IR theory's capacity in explaining and/or understanding world politics or undermine it. Accordingly, the paper first analyzes the realist school of thought in IR, going through the main arguments of classical realism, structural realism, and neo-classical realism. Second, it focuses on the development and main assumptions of critical theory (Marxist-inspired approaches, Frankfurt School and Neo-Gramscianism) mainly by focusing on Cox and Ashley's works and critical scholars' readings of them. Third, the paper discusses the main points of cleavages between the two approaches mainly based on the famous division of labor (criticizing vs solving problems), and their criticisms to each other while assessing the pearls and pitfalls of each. Following the discussion, the paper asks whether is there a way out of these dichotomies and whether it is possible to create a productive dialogue between 'problem-solving' and 'critical' schools of thought.


Electromagnetic wave backscattering by corner reflectors in an anechoic chamber is studied using our developed computational tool. The tool applies the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to simulate the propagation of the wave's electric and magnetic fields. Experimental measurement in an anechoic chamber is also carried out as a comparison. The two results show agreement, including the finding that the backscatter intensity variation amongst the four circularly polarized modes is significantly smaller than the variation amongst the four linearly polarization modes.


The invention provides a beer brewing method for improving the buffering power of wort to improve the acid mouthfeel of beer. The method comprises the following steps of: raw material crush, saccharification, fermentation and filtration, wherein calcium acetate is added in the saccharification step to serve as a malt mash acidity conditioning agent. In the saccharification step, the calcium acetate is used for adjusting the acidity in a saccharifying mash, and the pH value of the wort can be effectively adjusted and the buffering power of the wort is obviously increased by properly reducing the adding amount of the calcium acetate or gypsum which is used in the conventional production process, so that the pH value of a beer finished product is obviously improved, and the mouthfeel is better.


A recently discovered material, the Max phases, has properties between metals and ceramics. In order to judge their usefulness for achieving higher temperatures in the hot zones in gas turbines, some mechanical properties have been determined at various temperatures. The stress for 0.2% elongation, Young's modulus and fracture stresses were calculated from stretch tests over the temperature range 22-1400 oC. The Max phases were Maxthal 211 with and without niobium addition. In some regions comparisons were made with Inconel. The Young modulus was calculated by equation fitting from the elongation curves at several temperatures.


Therapeutic advances over the past two decades have created a dramatic increase in the number and variety of immunosuppressed patients. Recipients of organ transplants and patients treated with intensive cytotoxic therapy have experienced prolonged survival, but these patients are susceptible to a variety of infectious complications. The lungs are the primary site involved in life-threatening infections and several investigators have reviewed the general approach to diagnosis and management of pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised host. Despite the large number of human respiratory viruses and frequent viral respiratory infections in normal hosts, there are relatively few viruses that have caused pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients. The viruses involved are primarily those of the herpes group: cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Although the number of viral agents is limited, pulmonary viral infections have been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient population. In this article, we review the clinical features of these pulmonary viral infections and oudine the approach to diagnosis and management.


Abstract The survival and adult size of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha marked as recently emigrating fry with coded wire tags (CWTs) were compared with those of sibling groups that were either unmarked or marked by removing a ventral (pelvic) fin. Prerelease mortality was significantly higher for coded-wire-tagged fish. Survival from fry release to adult return was equal to or less than that of fish with ventral fin clips. Pink salmon marked with CWTs were similar in size at return to pink salmon with ventral fin clips but significantly smaller than unmarked fish. These results indicate that reduced growth after marking contributes to the lower survival reported in other studies of pink salmon marked with CWTs or fin clips. Marking pink salmon as recently emigrating fry with CWTs provides a powerful tool for differentiating between a large number of treatment groups and categories, but doing so will affect survival and size at return and is more detrimental to survival than ventral fin removal.


The present paper proposes a shift in ecofeminism. If this theorethical perspective already criticized the women-nature symbolic connection, it has not explored yet the connections between sexual diversities and nature and the discussions about our heteronormative projections in nature. Gaard states that Western culture has its grounds in a fear or hatred not only of homosexuals and their sexual intercourse, but of eroticism in general. She names it erotophobia, and it is because of erotophobia that non-reproductive sexual acts are viewed as moral deviation or perversion. To show us how pervasive erotophobia is she analyzes the history of Christianity and the colonization of America to highlight the conections between different forms of oppression (of women, of queer sexualities, of non-white people, of nature). What characterizes a queer perspective in ecofeminism is exactly the attention to thinking those interconnections and a will to rethink and liberate the erotic as a form of power.


Many microorganisms inhabited in the biofilm of dental water system unit can cause medical cross infection during dental treatment.Improvement, evaluation and monitor of the water quality of dental unit were reviewed in this paper.Also,a brief introduction of the study on how to improve the water quality was given.


Spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) and its hydrophobic analogue 2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2H-imidazole 1-oxide (DMPIO) was used to identify and to monitor the concentration of participating radical species in oxidation reactions initiated by azo compounds: water-soluble 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) and lipophilic 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)(AMVN). Incubation of AAPH with spin traps in aqueous media produced alkoxyl radical spin adducts with hyperfine splitting constants being aN= 14.62 G, βaH= 15.29 G, γaH= 0.72 G and aN= 13.46 G, βaH= 12.53 G, for DMPO and DMPIO, respectively. In contrast, formation of AMVN-derived peroxyl radicals was detected by both direct EPR and spin trapping in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) solutions. In the presence of either rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes (10 g dm–3 of SR protein) or egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes (10 g dm–3 of lipid) preloaded with AMVN no spin adduct formation was observed, for both DMPO and DMPIO spin traps, indicating that AMVN-derived radical species do not escape the lipid environment. Only a small portion of AAPH-derived alkoxyl radicals was trapped by DMPIO in the presence of SR membranes. Spectral characteristics of the DMPIO spin adduct indicate its location at the lipid–water interface. At the same time, there was virtually no effect of SR on the rate of formation and steady-state level of the DMPO-spin adduct formed in the aqueous phase. From these data we suggest that the bulky cytosolic domains of the SR Ca2+-ATPase protect the membrane surface from radicals generated in the bulk (aqueous) solvent. Other evidence also demonstrates different mechanisms for free radical formation by AAPH and AMVN azo-initiators.


The thesis analyzes regressive model of branches of wei River, gains the relation between regress equational ratio and the basin capacity, the fixed quantity "a"of regressive equation and estimation of basic branch, rainfall within threshold and soil erosion.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to compute the effect of two bends in perpendicular planes on the performance of 4-inch Venturi tubes with β = 0.4, 0.6 and 0.75 for water at a Reynolds number of 350,000 and at various distances from the bend. Two types of Venturi tubes were analysed, the first having a standard convergent angle of 21°, the second having a non-standard convergent angle of 10.5°. Good agreement with experiment was obtained. Swirling axisymmetric flows were computed to help interpret experimental data.Copyright © 2006 by ASME