The Fire Tetrahedron Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of an oxidizer such as oxygen gas or another oxygen-rich compound (though non-oxygen oxidizers exist that can replace oxygen), is exposed to a source of heat or ambient temperature above the flash point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a chain reaction. This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions. Some fuel-oxygen mixes may require a catalyst, a substance that is not directly involved in any chemical reaction during combustion, but which enables the reactants to combust more readily. Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the further release of heat energy in the process of combustion and may propagate, provided there is a continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel. Fire can be extinguished by removing any one of the elements of the fire tetrahedron. Consider a natural gas flame, such as from a stovetop burner. The fire can be extinguished by any of the following: • turning off the gas supply, which removes the fuel source; • covering the flame completely, which smothers the flame as the combustion both uses the available oxidizer (the oxygen in the air) and displaces it from the area around the flame with CO2; • application of water, which removes heat from the fire faster than the fire can produce it (similarly, blowing hard on a flame will displace the heat of the currently burning gas from its fuel source, to the same end), or • application of a retardant chemical such as Halon to the flame, which retards the chemical reaction itself until the rate of combustion is too slow to maintain the chain reaction. In contrast, fire is intensified by increasing the overall rate of combustion. Methods to do this include balancing the input of fuel and oxidizer to stoichiometric proportions, increasing fuel and oxidizer input in this balanced mix, increasing the ambient temperature so the fire's own heat is better able to sustain combustion, or providing a catalyst; a non-reactant medium in which the fuel and oxidizer can more readily …


structure is more a set of inter-locking essays than an especially coherent treatment. (Again, there are good reasons for writing about the military in this way.) Stepan starts with the nature of military intelligence systems in South America and highlights the particular importance of the Brazilian SNI. He then seeks to explain the Brazilian abertura in terms of Geisel and Golbery's own perspectives. The second half of the book stresses that the military retains numerous prerogatives in Brazil notwithstanding the return to civilian rule; Stepan argues that Brazil's civilian politicians need to find ways of bringing the military more under control. All of this is covered in less than 170 pages. Stepan is never a dull writer and, as usual, his work carries a considerable intellectual punch. Another great strength of the work is the effort made to relate the particular concern of each chapter to the more classic concerns of political science. Stepan shows clearly that some of these concerns can contribute seriously to a discussion of contemporary Brazil. On the other hand extreme brevity does have its costs. A reader looking for a full picture of the Brazilian abertura will be disappointed; there is here only a perspective from the military viewpoint which is indispensable but inevitably partial. Similarly a student approaching the book with a limited knowledge of Brazil would need to do a good deal of supplementary reading. Stepan has written a short paperback, but assuredly not a primer. Moving on to more substantive matters, Stepan seeks (in his discussion of civilian control over the military) to provide a set of indicators to measure military prerogatives and 'military contestation', by which he means the degree of conflict between civilian and military authorities over matters relating to political control. Democracy is most secure when both of these indicators are low, virtually untenable when both of them are high and to varying degrees imperfect or unstable at intervening points. I have no doubt that these indicators are descriptively useful. However one needs to be careful about transposing description into explanation. Stepan rightly points out that many influential Brazilian civilians (from the President downwards) in fact do not want to reduce the political role of the military to insignificance; they do not feel secure enough about their own democracy. In the long run these sentiments may change and military prerogatives be reduced correspondingly; Sarney, however, is in many respects pro-military (which is not surprising when one considers his own career and lack of electoral support) and the role of the military in contemporary Brazil reflects this fact above all. Unlike Stepan, I would describe the current Brazilian government as only semi-democratic. My own feeling is that, in the long run (though not always the short), South American military are powerful only to the extent that some civilians want them to be. But that is powerful enough.


In this paper, we first describe the characteristics of engine damping that are necessary for the calculation of torsional vibration. Secondly, we describe an experiment in which two crankshaft pulleys with a torsional rubber damper are fitted to a 6-cylinder, high-speed diesel engine. The torsional waveforms of the damper inertia ring and the pulley are measured by means of phase-shift torsiograph equipment. The measured waveforms are harmonically analyzed and the dynamic characteristics of the stiffness and the damping are investigated from an experimental viewpoint. In addition, torsional waveforms are calculated by means of a method of simulating torsional vibration, in which a transition matrix method is adopted. As a result of comparisons with experimental data, certain dynamic characteristics of pulleys with a torsional rubber damper have been clarified.


The people of Lesotho are among the poorest in the southern African region. The country is located in the Drakensberg mountains where winters are bitterly cold. Rural communities depend on woodfuels and cow dung for heating and cooking. Since the indigenous forest resources are insufficient, the people have engaged in planting fast-growing exotic species of trees for over 100 years. This study presents results from 86 permanent sampling plots established in woodlots in 1984. Overall, the survival of Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, P. radiata, Eucalyptus macarthurii and E. rubida exceeded 80%. The greatest roundwood volume of 183 m3 ha–1 was produced in a 14-year-old P. radiata stand. Wood of branches and stumps would add to the total volume if trees are grown for woodfuels. Even higher volume production can be expected by better protecting woodlots from wild fires, animal grazing and timber theft.


The microscopic and macroscopic working quality attainable during production of finished component parts are discussed in both relationships, the beam-workpiece and the workpiece-motion system interactions. Influences on working accuracy of laser beam characteristics, beam shaping (focussing) system and the guiding behaviour of the NC-machine tool are dealt with. Sheet metals chosen are austenitic, ferritic and carbon steel.


The article examines the sociological turn which is based on phenomenological approaches and on reflective aspects of the interpretative tradition. It as well critically examines the limits of a socially constructed reality which is, according to this claim, based through the expression of the world of everyday life. At the same time, it explores the sociological interest in the deeper experiences and internal processes as to produce intersubjective meaning that is interwoven in parallel with reflective searches in the way society functions as a whole. Beyond the theoretical remarks, these limits become more distinct in the field of qualitative research in which the interests of phenomenological vision towards social problems flow into. Finally, the article discusses the framework of studying qualitative research and empirically grounded theories in Sociology. Keywords—Social Phenomenology, Qualitative Research, Subjectivity, Empirically grounded theories


In the case of rearing valuable rockfish juveniles that have hiding behavior in the floating aquaculture facilities, a number of juveniles decreases due to the stress from structure movement of floating facilities caused by the irregular and continuous ocean waves. In terms of restraint of floating facilities, some methods over reducing structural movement have been developed and attempted. However, the existing methods require a large amount of cost and effort. Now, more effective technology is required for reducing structural movement. We developed one method that can reduce structural movement by absorbing wave energy. The principle is that the natural frequency of the oscillating water column is determined not by its volume but by its length. We conducted the water tank experiment on absorbing the wave energy and adjusted the length of the oscillating water column to natural frequency of incoming wave. Furthermore, we examined the restraint function of this method in the real sea area in this study.


The main objective of this study was to investigate the noise levels at different land uses of District 14 in Tehran. For this purpose, a total number of 91 sampling stations were selected. Afterwards, the equivalent sound pressure level in each station was measured at three occasions of morning (7–9 am), noon (12–3 pm), and evening (5–8 pm). Based on the conformability requirement of each land uses, noise levels was divided in three zones wherein the land uses are exposed to different noise levels was estimated. The obtained results indicated that 8.79% of 78 land uses (residential, recreational and medical) in the Zone 1 were exposed to acceptable range of sound pressure level while the rest suffers from unacceptable noise levels. Among 10 land uses of Zone 2 (commercial–residential), 2.19% were within the acceptable range and 8.78% were in unacceptable range. None of the three land uses in Zone 3 were within the acceptable range. Accordingly, the Zone 3 was recognized to be in a critical condition. In other words, about 88.99% of the total and uses in the Zone 3 is exposed to unaccepted able noise level. Comparing with the standard equivalent sound pressure level of 55 dB(A) presented, the residential land use with the equivalent sound pressure level of 19.27 dB(A) accounted for the highest standard deviation. This is due to proximity of most of the residential areas to the crowded highways and streets.


Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC8 rs10505477 polymorphism has been identified to be related to risk of many kinds of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and invasive ovarian cancer, and it may be involved in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients who have received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical treatment. So far, there is no study investigating the clinical significance of lncRNA CASC8 rs10505477 in lung cancer susceptibility and treatment. In this study, we genotyped 498 lung cancer patients and 213 healthy control subjects to explore the correlation between the rs10505477 polymorphism and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Among the 498 patients, 467 were selected for the chemotherapy response and toxicity study. We found that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs10505477 was greatly related to lung cancer risk in male and adenocarcinoma subgroups in recessive model (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.29–0.90, p = 0.02; adjusted OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.30–0.89, p = 0.02, respectively). It was also closely correlated with platinum-based chemotherapy response in dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.05–2.39, p = 0.03). Additionally, we observed that CASC8 rs10505477 polymorphism was significantly relevant to severe hematologic toxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subgroup in dominant model (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.35–0.98, p = 0.04) and in additive model (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.43–0.90, p = 0.01). Furthermore, it was found that rs10505477 polymorphism was greatly associated with gastrointestinal toxicity in SCLC and cisplatin subgroups in dominant model (adjusted OR = 7.82, 95%CI = 1.36–45.07, p = 0.02; adjusted OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.07–3.53, p = 0.03, respectively). Thus, lncRNA CASC8 rs10505477 could serve as a possible risk marker for diagnosing lung cancer, and could be used to forecast the response and toxicity of platinum-based treatment in lung cancer patients.


Background & Objective: Distal radius fractures are most frequently encountered fractures accounting for 17.5% of all
fractures in adults. Majority of them are intra-articular. The management has changed from conservative to operative
management with better understanding of the nature of injury and pattern of fracture. The study was conducted to
compare the functional outcome of intra-articular fracture of distal radius treated surgically using volar plating or
ligamentotaxis and to study the post-operative complications in both techniques. We conducted Materials & Methods:
a prospective interventional study on 45 patients with intra-articular distal radius fractures admitted in department of
Orthopedics, Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, who underwent surgery either by
ligamentotaxis or volar plating. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 month and their functional outcome
was assessed at each follow up using Quick DASH score. This study included 45 patient, of which 28 we Results: re male
and 17 were female patients. 14 patients were operated with ligamentotaxis with mean age of 45.2 years and 31 with volar
plating mean age of 45.7 years. The average duration of follow up was 6 months. Patients were assessed using Quick
DASH score. Among ligamentotaxis group the results were excellent in 1 (7.1%) patient, good in 5 (35.7%) patients,
satisfactory in 5 (35.7%) patients and poor in 3 (21.4%) patients. Among volar plating group the results were excellent in
12 (38.7%) patients, good in 14 (45.2%) patients, satisfactory in 4 (12.9%) patients and poor in 1 (3.2%) patient with a p
value=0.02 (p< 0.05). We concluded that volar plating provides better functional outcome in patient Conclusion: s with
intra-articular distal radius fractures than ligamentotaxis


The technology of heating progressed from the primitive to the efficient. The shape of stoves and the decoration reflected the contemporary taste and the development of iron plate manufacturing industry. Several types of stoves are described, with references to the principles of operation, fuels, efficiency, shape, decoration, etc. Information is given about the methods of manufacturing, assembly, merchandising and typical installations. Nearly 50 illustrations include photographs of antique stoves, printsfrom 18th century catalogues, etc. A long list of Reference Material completes the article.


The present invention relates to semiconductor technology, specifically design a MOS-gated thyristor. The cathode of the present invention P + contact region 10 is improved, increasing the width of the P + contact region 10 is a cathode, the metallurgical junction morphology changes, reducing the metal from the cathode 11 into the electron transport pathways. By the forward characteristics of the device the cathode P + contact region 10, N-well control JFET composed of 9, at a relatively small anode voltage pinch-off channel effects may occur, to control the size of the saturation current of the device. Junction depth and width of the P + contact region 10 of the cathode region can be optimized in accordance with values of device design requirements. The present invention is particularly applicable to a MOS-gated thyristor.


The course of growth of contemporary poems can be said to be that of refusing "the tradition". "Foreign countries","the Occident" have already exerted on the cultural memory of the contemporary poets an irrisistibly strong hint, which surpasses composition itself and becomes a core part of contemporary culture. It has become a "tradition" of our national poetry, blending bloodlike with contemporary poems.


SUMMARY. The input of terrestrial invertebrates from different tree canopies to a trout stream was determined for a 28-week period from April to October, 1980. Sycamore produced the greatest number of animals, followed by oak and alder. Ash was not significantly different from the controls. Coleoptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Arachnida made up the greatest number of animals caught, with Lepidoptera larvae important beneath oak. The input of biomass (g m-2 dry wt) was also greatest beneath sycamore (35.80), followed by oak (27.76), alder (20.39), ash (11.15) and control (9.92). The input of biomass was bimodal. The significance of terrestrial invertebrates as food for salmonids is discussed.


The beauty industry is an emerging profession,but its birth develops rapidly,which needs to improve the quality of the employed. In this condition,our college has set up the Chinese medical cosmetology specialty. With the open out of the teaching work and the continual acquaintance of the altitude professional education,our college combined the idea of the teaching practice、the students' exercitational feedback,and the change of the market demand.After the specality having been established for two years,we carried out a teaching improvement,which even more had been clear our specialized training goal、 personnel cultivating specification,we tried our utmost in curriculum setting、test scores checking etc,we also strengthen the teaching material construction、practice base construction and the teacher troop construction .


Nowadays, the internet has become a necessity in social and economic life that provides convenience in communication and social interaction. In addition, the presence of the internet supported by advances in digital technology is expected to provide business opportunities. Internet access has become easier with the rapid use of cell phones/mobile phones. This study aims to examine the effect of internet use on entrepreneurship opportunities in Indonesia through descriptive analysis methods and binary logistic regression. This research uses data from the 2019 National Socio-Economic Survey. Entrepreneurs in this research are limited to individuals who seek to be assisted by permanent workers or paid workers in the age range of 25 to 44 years. Of the 348735 samples that became the unit of analysis, there were 7108 who were entrepreneurs or about 2.04 percent. This study found that individuals who use the internet have a higher chance of becoming an entrepreneur than individuals who do not use the internet and this finding is statistically significant. In addition, the level of education significantly affects individuals to become entrepreneurs, but individuals with higher education have a lower tendency to become entrepreneurs than those with high school education and below.
Keywords: Internet, Binary Logistics Regression, Entrepreneur


Objective: To study indications of breast biopsy. Methods: Mammary diseases were diagnosed by infra-red transillumination and physical examination. The diagnostic accuracy by infra-red transillumination was compared with that by physical examination. The score criterion was drawn up. Result:Integration of infra-red transillumination and physical examination increased the diagnostic accuracy of mammary diseases. Conclusion: Three scores or more can be used as the indication of breast biopsy.


Electrophysiology of Pragmatic Processing: Exploring the Processing Cost of the Scalar Implicature in the Truth-Value Judgment Task Maria Spychalska* (firstname.lastname@example.com) , Jarmo Kontinen* (email@example.com) , Markus Werning* (firstname.lastname@example.com) *Institute of Philosophy II, Ruhr University Bochum Abstract Most theoretical as well as empirical work regarding the scalar implicature not all of the quantifier some has focused on the controversy of whether this implicature is generated by de- fault or based on context. Independently of this question, it can be also asked whether this scalar implicature contributes to the truth-conditional content of sentences. We present re- sults of an ERP study which tackles both these questions. We adopt a sentence-picture verification paradigm to investigate whether the violation of this implicature, when it is based on short-term memory rather than semantic memory, elicits N400 or late positivity (e.g. P600) effects. Additionally, we test if the truth-value judgments of the pragmatically infelicitous sen- tences correlate with the elicited ERP components. Keywords: scalar implicature; truth-value judgment; N400 ef- fect; Post-N400-Positivity; P600 Introduction In this paper we present results of the EEG experiment in which we investigate how people process the scalar implica- ture nicht alle (not all) of the German quantifier einige (some) in a truth-value judgement task. Scalar implicatures are prag- matic inferences, i.e. they are based not only on the literal meaning of a given linguistic expression, but also on the addi- tional assumption that the speaker is contributing to a conver- sation in a cooperative way, in particular by providing an ap- propriate amount of information. In standard semantics Some As are B is understood to be equivalent to There are As that are B and, hence, is semantically compatible with All As are B. This standard meaning of some is usually referred to as its logical (semantic) meaning. However, if a speaker says Some of the students passed the exam, the addressee is in a position to infer that Not all students passed the exam, since, according to the cooperativity requirement, the speaker is ex- pected to either utter a more informative statement with the quantifier all if she knew that it was true, or reveal her lack of knowledge on this matter. The meaning of some, when en- riched with the implicature not all, is often referred to as its pragmatic meaning. One particularly often addressed question regarding scalar implicatures is the default vs. context-based controversy. Ac- cording to the default theory the implicature not all is gen- erated by the lexical item some by default, i.e. locally and more or less automatically, albeit it may be canceled in spe- cial circumstances (Horn, 1984; Levinson, 1983; Chierchia et al., 2012). The proponents of the second approach (Bott & Noveck, 2004; Breheny et al., 2006) postulate that the logi- cal reading is the default interpretation of some, whereas the scalar implicature result from complex and global reasoning processes that are based on context. Somewhat orthogonal to this debate, the emphasis in the philosophy of language concerning the semantics-pragmatics distinction has recently shifted towards the role pragmatic processes play in establishing truth-conditions of sentences. From this perspective, one can ask whether scalar implica- tures are purely post-semantic processes that do not con- tribute to what is (literally) said, or whether they enter the content of what is said and hence influence the truth- conditions. Minimal semanticists (Cappelen & Lepore, 2005; Borg, 2012) argue that a sentence's truth-conditions are de- termined solely by its compositional semantics, which is a function only of the semantic values of the sentence's con- stituents and the way they are syntactically combined. This traditional picture has been recently challenged. For instance, Recanati's truth-conditional pragmatics (Recanati, 2010) al- lows top-down pragmatic enrichment of what is said, there- fore questioning the classical semantics-pragmatics distinc- tion. According to this approach, not only primary pragmatic processes such as saturation of indexicals, but also free prag- matic processes, such as implicatures, can influence intuitive truth-conditions of sentences. Most empirical work regarding scalar implicatures focuses on the default- vs. context-based controversy. In order to shed some light on this debate some researchers have investigated the processing of the implicature on the neural level, with the use of EEG (electroencephalography). Noveck & Posada (2003); Nieuwland et al. (2010) investigated whether the vi- olation of the scalar implicature triggers a so-called N400 effect – an amplitude difference between the event-related potentials (ERPs), i.e. the time-locked EEG signals, in two compared conditions recorded roughly 400ms after the on- set of the stimulus. This effect is known to be linked to the recognition of a semantic incongruence in language (Kutas & Federmeier, 2000). In the case of pragmatic infelicity, which is due to implicature violation, an N400 effect could be in- terpreted as evidence of an early incremental integration of the implicature into the sentence meaning, and thus support the default theory. Nieuwland et al. (2010) compared ERPs elicited by pragmatically less felicitous sentence-final pred- icates in underinformative sentences with some, e.g. Some people have lungs (All people have lungs would be more in- formative in this case), with felicitous sentence-final predi- cates in informative sentences with some, e.g. Some people have pets. They showed that people differ in the way they process these sentences, depending on their pragmatic lan- guage ability, which was estimated based on their score in the Autism Spectrum Quotient Questionnaire (AQ) (Baron-


This study was investigated to compare the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of four products of Taki (Channa punctatus), Guchi baim (Mastacembelus pancalus), Jat punti (Puntius sophore) and Tengra (Mystus vittatus) with the improved sun dried fish products. of Sylhet, Bangladesh and improved sun dried fishes were prepared in the laboratory. Results showed that the and texture of the improved sun dried fishes properties also varied between traditional and improved sun improved sun dried fishes both at 40oC and 18.32% and 24.63% whereas improved sun dried fishes contained up to lipid and ash content of the traditional sun dried fishes were comparatively lower than those of the improved sun dried fishes. Results of this study revealed that quality of the improved sun dried fishes were comparatively better than those of the dried fishes prepared by the traditional method. These results suggest that quality raw materials (fresh fish) as well as hygienic drying method should be practiced to produce quality dried fish products.


The magnetic Fredericksz trannsition in ferronematics (thermotropic nematic liquid crystals 7CΒ and MBBA combined with fnie magnetic particles of a size 10 nm) as a function of concentration of magnetic particles was studied by using simple dielectric measurements. The increase of the threshold magnetic field is observed in 7CΒ based ferronematic while the decrease of threshold field in MBBA based ferronematic is observed when the concentration of magnetic particles is increased. Experimental results are discussed in the framework of Brochard, de Gennes and Burylov, Raikher theories. PACS numbers: 64.70.Md, 61.30.Gd


This paper demonstrates how the two ostensibly contradictory concepts of power assumption and autobiography can co-exist simultaneously in paracosmic juvenilia, that of Charlotte Bronte in particular. Many critics assert that marginalized or isolated children use their writings as vehicles with which to assume the kind of power denied to them as minors in reality, whereas others view juvenilia as autobiographical platforms through which children can articulate their experience of the world. However, these theories are not exclusive to juvenilia, nor is the concept of a paracosm, a term which originated in the study of childhood play. Drawing on the work of such critics as Stephen MacKeith, David Cohen, and Christine Alexander, this paper examines Bronte's Glass Town and Angrian narratives in order to demonstrate that her paracosmic world both distorts and mirrors aspects of herself and to argue accordingly that Bronte's juvenilia is neither strictly autobiographical nor a vehicle to assume the power denied to her in reality.


The study is to identify weather the experience of grown-ups` sports activities in childhood influences on their social behavior. To achieve this purpose, the period and the intensity of subjects`s sports activities were extracted as variables and present personal characteristics and characteristics of social behavior were compared and analyzed The results are as follows. First, there is partial difference in social behavior according to personal characteristics. Second, it showed that the experience in childhood sports activities had an significant effect on social delinquent behavior. Third, it indicated that the experience in childhood sports activities had an significant effect on social competitive behavior. Fourth, it did not show that the experience in childhood sports activities had significant difference in social gathering behavior.


In order to improve product recycling efficiency,this paper discusses the problem of product recycling and its classification.It induces several impact factors for the product recycling.The paper also proposes an extension assessment based approach to classify the recycled products.Through the combination of the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,the recycled products are classified into four grades.By the use of the extension mathematics,the weight of the factors can be determined through the correlation function,which is used to calculate the correlation degrees of the recycled products for each grade.Comparing the correlatiom degree of a product with that of each grade set,the products can be classified accordingly.Compared with other methods,this method is proved to be more feasible than the others.


left little published work ; his most important geological communication was his paper on earthquakes, which was read at five successive meetings of the Royal Society in 1760, and which met with such approval that he was shortly afterwards elected a Fellow. In addition to this work he spent much of his leisure time in geological excursions, and in these obtained a wonderfully accurate idea of the correlation of the strata of the south and east of England, based entirely on lithological characters, which, fortunately, was put in writing by one of his friends and has thus been preserved. He was a friend of many of the chief men of science of his day and more especially of Herschell and Cavendish, with both of whom he frequently corresponded on scientific matters. I t is on record that the first idea of using the torsion balance as a means of determining the density of the earth was suggested to Cavendish by Michell, who, indeed, made such an apparatus, but not, however, one of sufficient delicacy for the purpose, so that it was left for Cavendish to carry the experiments to a successful conclusion. His only other published work was a small book on artificial magnets, which embodied much of the experimental work he did while at Cambridge. This memoir, written in the author's accustomed literary style, is eminently readable, and contains a very interesting account of this little-known Woodwardian Professor. ! _ _ W. H. W.


The article is focused on examination of intramuscular hemorrhages in skeletal muscles in different types of death, analysis of its localization, incidence, mechanisms of development, biochemical evaluation of intramuscular blood after hemorrhage and role of hemorrhage in daily practice of forensic pathologists. This article doesn't study hemorrhage after local blunt trauma with injury of skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue and skeletal muscles.


In image retrieval tasks, two main indicators are focused on: accuracy and efficiency. In general, the more the number of features, the higher the retrieval accuracy but the lower efficiency. Focusing on ensuring retrieval efficiency while improving retrieval accuracy, this paper designs an unsupervised image retrieval system that integrates multiple features. On UKbench, Holidays, UC Merced Land Use, and RSSCN7, the method proposed was validated. On UKbench, compared to methods based on shuffleNetV2, VGG-16 and Resnet18, the method proposed improves N-S by 0.1882, 0.2499, and 0.1985 respectively, while saving retrieval time by 0.0115s. On Holidays, compared to methods based on shuffleNetV2, VGG-16 and Resnet18, the method proposed improves MAP by 7.11%, 9.05%, and 7.27% respectively, while saving retrieval time by 0.0021s. On UC Merced Land Use, compared to methods based on shuffleNetV2, VGG16 and Resnet18, the method proposed improves accuracy by an average of 3.31%, 11.84%, and 6.29% respectively, while saving retrieval time by 0.0007s. On RSSCN7, compared to methods based on shuffleNetV2, VGG-16 and Resnet18, the method proposed improves accuracy by an average of 2.19%, 9.19%, and 7.18% respectively, while saving retrieval time by 0.0002s. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve retrieval accuracy and to some extent improve retrieval efficiency


The customary methods for labeling T4 and its analogs, iodination or exchange-labeling, are not applicable to those iodothyronines whose iodine atoms are exclusively in the nonphenolic ring. Therefore, [3,5-125I]diiodo-L-thyronine had to be synthesized by a different method. This synthesis involves the coupling of [125I]diiodo-L-tyrosine with 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenylpyruvic acid to form Lthyroxine labeled in the nonphenolic ring, followed by removal of the two unlabeled iodine atoms in the phenolic ring. High specific activity, limited only by that of the [125I]diiodo-L-tyrosine used as starting material, can be achieved. Radioactivity yields are ∼36% in the coupling reaction and ∼86% in the deiodination reaction, amounting to an overall yield of >30%. L-Thyroxine and 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine were purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Their radiochemical purity was checked by radiochromatography.


The technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been introduced to fabricate PbS-doped silica fibers, whose absorption peaks are discovered to be shifted from 1230 nm to 920 nm when the number of ALD deposition cycles varies from 80 to 30 during optical fiber preform fabrication. This is explained by suggesting that the PbS doped in fiber are under the 3D quantum confinement, i.e., quantum dots (QDs). An effective-mass approximat ion of the PbS QDs ' sizes is then made to show the shift of absorption peaks can be attributed to the change of size distribution of these dots.


An econometric model of 1970-80 residential turnover rates for white households is estimated for census tracts in Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio. Results indicate that 1970 tract percentage black, coupled with its interaction with estimated segregationist sentiment for white residents, was the dominant explanatory variable, although the relationship was highly non-linear. Ceteris paribus, the maximum rate of racially motivated turnover by whites occurred in tracts that were at least 55 per cent black in 1970, regardless of whites' segregationist sentiments. However, tracts had negligible amounts of such turnover if they had below-average levels of segregationist sentiment and blacks did not represent a majority in the tract. Application of the results to the Schelling model indicated that white neighbourhood 'tipping-out' points varied from 98 per cent to 53 per cent white, within 1 standard deviation of the mean level of segregationist sentiment. Integration management policies conducted by the suburban Shaker Heights and Cleveland Heights jurisdictions during the period did not succeed in dampening this pattern of white flight. On the contrary, ceteris paribus, Heights tracts had white turnover rates 16.6 percentage points greater.


With the speedy development of science and technology and the fast talent flow,German Binary System and the so-called campus theory teaching plus the training both inside and outside school are not suitable for our country's higher vocational education.For training our students' abilities of innovation and integrating theory and practice,it is necessary to explore new education pattern.


The norm that regulates the curriculum of the Higher Diploma in Dramatic Art in Spain establishes that the graduates should be trained and qualified in teaching, and so among the subjects of basic training, Pedagogy is included. This paper, written from my own experience as teacher of Theatre Pedagogy and after a review of pertinent scientific literature, proposes a possible development of the subject in order to achieve successfully the qualification of the students as theatre teachers, considering the scenarios where such activity can take place, but also in order to share experiences, inquiries and problems as the development of Theatre Pedagogy and theatre education must be a task shared by different agents, schools and colleges. Finally, it shows the way in which the subject proposes an experience where students and teachers share a common framework to tackle the training in expression and scenic creation, which involves cognitive, psychomotor, emotional, relational, ethical and aesthetic processes.


Financial losses are huge due to discoloration and perish of meat and meat products. The spoilage bacteria and the occurrence of discoloration in meat product can be inhibited by spice extracts,which is a kind of natural extract. The most important,consumer's food safety can be insured. This article detailly discussed the mechanism of decoloration of meat products,the preparation of spice extracted,the antibacterial and color retention mechanism of spices,and the application prospect of spice extracted in meat industry . It could provide technical support to improve the quality of meat products and food safety.


A three-dimensional problem of the theory of elasticity is considered, when contact-type conditions (normal displacements and tangential stresses) are given on a cylindrical cavity in elastic space. The solution is obtained on the basis of the Fourier method with respect to the Lame equations in cylindrical coordinates. The solvability and uniqueness of the problem for these boundary conditions is proved. Normal and tangential stresses are found in the elastic body. A numerical comparison is made of the influence of the boundary conditions in the form of displacements and boundary conditions of the contact type on the stressed state of the elastic space.


BACKGROUND
Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is often challenged by long turnaround time when using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), especially when analyses are centralised. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) allow rapid assessments, but data on their agreement with existing in-house methodologies are scarce.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the agreement between a POCT by ProciseDx (San Diego, CA) and the most frequently used in-house ELISA for infliximab (IFX) quantification in Sweden.

METHODS
Serum samples were analysed using the in-house ELISA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and a POCT by ProciseDx (San Diego, CA). Agreement was assessed and differences were examined.

RESULTS
Samples from 61 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were analysed with a median IFX concentration of 7.9 μg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 5.5-13) for the POCT and 7.9 μg/mL (IQR 5.2-12) for the ELISA (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97, p < .01)). A Passing-Bablok regression yielded an intercept of -0.44 and a slope of 1.09. The Bland-Altman plot showed a systemic bias of -0.77 μg/mL (95% CI -0.18 to -1.4) between the methods. The upper limit of agreement was 3.7 (95% CI 2.7-4.8) (μg/mL), whereas the lower limit agreement was -5.3 (95% CI -6.3 to -4.3) (μg/mL). An excellent reliability was observed, intraclass correlation showed = 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.96, p < .0001). When defining IFX concentration as subtherapeutic (<3.0 μg/mL), therapeutic (3.0-7.0 μg/mL) or supratherapeutic (>7.0 μg/mL) drug levels, Kappa statistics showed a substantial agreement (0.79).

CONCLUSIONS
The POCT by ProciseDx (San Diego, CA) demonstrated a good agreement with the in-house ELISA, supporting its use for rapid IFX quantification.


From the perspective of online trading traders perception,applying system dynamics theory,this paper analyzes the factors which influence the perception of online trust risk,and constructs the cognitive system of online trust risk.And then system dynamics model of the cognitive system of online trust risk is built according to the relationship among the elements of the system. Taking the number of transactions as the simulation unit and using Vensim software,this article demonstrates the evolution trend of perceived trust risk rate in the process of 100online transactions.The work reveals that perception of trust risk is more sensitive to business' trust and the traders' experience of being cheated,than to other factors.The volume of transactions and the personal ability to guard against are the secondary factors sensitive on the perception of trust risk.The least sensitive factor on the perception of trust risk is online trust service rate.


Even if Michele Todoni (1616-1690) had already publically displayed his collection in Rome, the concept of a public collection of musical instruments seems not to have emerged before 1795, in the wake of the Parisian Convention nationale (First Republic). In the legislation that was to establish the Institut national de Musique, the future Conservatoire, the Convention insisted that a National Cabinet of instruments for public education should exhibit a »collection of ancient or foreign instruments and also those in present use which, by virtue of their perfection, may serve as models«. Based on instruments confiscated from aristocratic private houses, this Cabinet fulfilled its aims for one generation – but Luigi Cherubini dismantled this educational collection in 1816, of which only 13 items are still preserved. Following other attempts as Vienna 1825 or Edinburgh 1859, public collections were progressively opened at the time of international industrial exhibitions, governed by ideals of national emulation, an
awareness of national heritage and mass culture. Loan exhibitions of ancient instruments in London 1872, Paris 1878, Bologna and Brussels 1888, Paris 1889 etc. highlighted national schools of instrument making and taxonomic displays and encouraged private collectors all over Europe to give
their collections eventually in part to public institutions. Colonialism also often gave rise to ensembles of non-European instruments.
Following Pascal Ory (L'aventure culturelle francaise, 1989) and Marc Fumaroli (L'Etat culturel, 1991), it seems that the French Front Populaire 1936 and, later, Andre Malraux 1958 embodied cultural policies with a hitherto unknown degree of democratization. But they had little impact on musical instrument collections in France when several collectors across Europe began to consider not only the technical but also the cultural and social contexts of these artefacts to be significant. Only recently have collections with a programmatic dimension been established, combining heritage and cultural policy.


Microparticles released during red cell storage lead to irreversible membrane damage and are transfused into the recipients. Old red cells undergoing eryptosis or self destruction expose phosphatedylserine on their membrane. Transfused red cell units were previously categorized according to storage days to, new ≤14 days, intermediate 15-27 days, and old ≥ 28 days. The study aims to evaluate effect of leukofiltration and storage period length on microparticles generation and other storage lesions. Materials and Methods: Twenty red cell units were donated in Al-Zahraa hospital of AL-Azhar university Group I (n=10) underwent leukofiltration. Group II (n=10) left unmodified. Flow-cytometry was used for estimation of microparticles generation in the units at day-0, -14, -21, -28 and annexin V bound cells due to phosphatedylserine exposure at day-28. Potassium leak, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were assessed at day-0, -14, -21, -28 in the stored units. Results: Group II showed statistically significant increase in mean values of microparticles x10 5 /uL at day-0, -14, -21,-28; (P=0.05), (P<0.0001), (P<0.0001), and (P<0.0001) respectively. Also Group II showed significant increase in mean percentage of annexin V bound cells (P<0.0001). Correlation of annexin bound cells percentage and other parameters at day-28 revealed direct correlation with potassium leak in Group I (r=0.7; P =0.03), and with microparticles generation in Group II (r=0.5; P=0.05). Conclusions: Pre-storage leukofiltration reduced microparticles release, potassium leak and annexin V binding due to phosphatedylserine exposure. Storage period length influenced microparticles generation and potassium leak, which was sharply noticed after 14 days of storage and may be relevant for clinical practice to avoid transfusion adverse out comes accompanying old units transfusion.


Purpose: Exposure to heat and cold stress can negatively affect pregnant women. However, studies on the association between ambient temperature exposure and pregnant women, especially those with diabetes mellitus, are limited. The presence of this disease is likely to affect the woman's capacity to adapt to the demands of pregnancy, consequently affecting fetal development. We examined the association between exposure to the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.Methods: Health Insurance Reviews and Assessment Service was used to obtain data on patients hospitalized between January 2015 and August 2022. The association between the number of pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus according to monthly mean temperature and seasonal differences was analyzed using a generalized additive model. The model was adjusted for the treatment date, mean humidity, and mean age of the women.Results: The total number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy was 651,655 and the mean temperature was 12.87℃±9.89℃. The association between the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy showed a U-shaped nonlinear association. During the entire period, the number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy significantly increased by 2.82 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature (estimate, 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.06 to 7.71). The number of patients significantly increased by 72.12 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature in the summer (estimate, 72.12; 95% CI, 50.36–93.89), but the increase was not statistically significant in the winter.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to mean temperature during pregnancy is associated with diabetes mellitus.


The critic should properly approach the "Hymn to Zeus" with diffidence.1 That is so not only because of the considerable scholarly baggage loaded onto these three stanzas in the parados of Aeschylus' Agamemnon, but because of the grandeur of the poetry itself. So, I embark upon this brief and selective consideration of the Hymn not in an attempt to do justice to its vast bibliography or to its art, but in the hope of making some contribution to the ongoing debate about one of the most controversial aspects of the passage, its relevance to its dramatic context. The singers of this parados are Elders ofArgos, too old even ten years earlier to join the expedition to Troy. In the lines that precede the Hymn, they have been singing about the experiences of the Greeks assembled at Aulis. The Elders have described the twin eagles attacking the pregnant hare, and they have just reported Calchas' darkly suggestive interpretation of that sign, when suddenly they switch subject, tone, and meter to sing about Zeus. Why? What relation does this Hymn have to what precedes, or to what follows, where the Elders pick up the thread of the narrative abandoned for three stanzas? It is the startling lack of consensus in the answers to these questions that leads me to raise them once again.2 It is not enough to say that these lines are "the cornerstone not only of this play but of the whole trilogy," nor that they contain "Aeschylus' view of the moral government of the universe."3 All of that might be true, but it does litde to explain the presence of these lines here, in the collective


Polar phenols are one of the important unsaponifiables in olive oil.Phenolic compounds don't only correlate to the special flavor and the oxidative stability of the olive oil,but also had free radical–scavenging capability and the preventing oxidizing ability of low–density lipoprotein(LDL).Thus,reducing blood fat and taking precautions against coronary heart disease effectively.This article summarized the anti–hyperlipidemia effect of phenols from several aspects including vitro experiments,animal experiments and human postprandial experiments.


PivNet is a Thematic Network funded by EC. PivNet is composed of 44 partners originating from industry, research organisations and university. Many of them participate in European research programs like Brite-EuRam, JOULE, THERMIE etc. Industrial partners originate from both the PIV users and PIV manufacturers sides. They come from 13 different European countries and among the 44, 17 are industrials and 8 are large aeronautics, ground transportation and turbomachinery industry. Beside the primary PivNet consortium, another 50 teams participate in an interest group (ERCOFTAC SIG32) and this is also taken into account in the net structure. PivNet started at the end of 1997 and will run for 4 years. The objective of PivNet presentations to industrial end users. During the PivNet workshop the capabilities of PIV in different areas will be presented by the developers. The objective is to disseminate condensed information to industrial end users on such topics, which had been subject of the PivNet work before. The industrial partners will comment on this and discuss their needs. Contacts will be established between developers of the new technique and the co-ordinators of Brite-EuRam projects in order to be able to prepare new proposals for the next framewok program


ABSTRACT. This article focuses on the analysis of some of the main concepts of social stratification, such as class and status. The paper then examines the particularities of social stratification in the US, including factors leading to the stratification of society (e.g. wealth, income, education, occupation) and the three types of social classes in this country: upper class, middle class and lower class. In comparison, social stratification in Romania is influenced by historic circumstances (e.g. ex-communist elite members identified in the upper class). There are three social classes in Romania, too, but the upper and middle class are still coagulating, while the lower class is well established.JEL Codes: A14; Z13Keywords: social stratification; class; status; US; Romania1. IntroductionThe analysis of social inequality is one of the most important concerns of sociologists, economists, scholars and many others. Inequalities have always existed and will continue to exist in human societies. Even in the most primitive communities, where wealth and property are minimal, there is inequality among individuals, men and women, young and old, and the list can go on. How certain groups in a society have became richer or more powerful than others, how unequal modem societies are, what chance someone coming from a less privileged background would have to reach the top of the economic hierarchy and for what reasons poverty still exists in developed countries - are questions that sociologists are attempting to answer in order to clarify the ways in which societies were stratified and the processes through which status was achieved.In order to draw attention to the unequal positions occupied by individuals in society, sociologists speak of social stratification - structural inequalities between different groups of people. Societies are composed of several "layers" in a hierarchy, the most privileged on top and the less privileged at the bottom.2. StratificationThere are four major types of stratification systems: slavery, caste, estates and class (Giddens, 2010: 263-309). Slavery is an extreme form of inequality in which some individuals are actually owned by others. Caste is associated with the cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The term caste is not of Indian origin; it comes from the Portuguese word casta, meaning race or purebred. The caste system is highly complex and structurally varies so much from one area to another, that it is not basically a single system, but a diversity of insufficiently linked beliefs and practices. Estates were part of European feudalism and consist of social strata with different obligations and rights, some of these differences established by law (the nobility, the clergy and the commoners).Class differs in many respects from slavery, caste or estates. It can be defined as a large-scale group of people who share common economic resources which strongly influence their lifestyle (Giddens, 2010:267). Unlike other stratification systems, class membership is not based on a position specified by law or by custom. Class systems are more fluid than other types of stratification, and the boundaries between classes are not clearly defined. Class membership is at least partially acquired. Classes depend on economic differences between groups of individuals (inequalities in the possession and control of material resources). Class systems mainly operate through large-scale impersonal links (e.g. unequal working conditions).Specialists in various domains consider that society is made up of a certain number of classes. According to Giddens (2010), in a society we distinguish the upper class, the old middle class, the upper middle class, the lower middle class, the upper working class, the lower working class and the underclass.The Goldthorpe class scheme is more intricate: 1) higher-grade professionals, administrators, and officials; managers in large industrial establishments; large proprietors; 2) lower-grade professionals, administrators, and officials, higher-grade technicians; managers in small industrial establishments; supervisors of non-manual employees; 3a) routine non-manual employees, higher grade (administration and commerce); 3b) routine non-manual employees, lower grade (sales and services); 4a) small proprietors, artisans, etc. …


Reed-Solomon (RS) is an error-correcting code capable of dealing with correcting multiple errors, specifically burst errors. It is form of special non binary subclass of BCH (Bose, Chaudhari and Hocqueng) codes. It can correct up to (n-k)/2 or t symbols. For a typical channel, the addition of RS coding allows the system to operate within approximately 4 dB of the Shannon capacity. The resulting benefit translates into higher data rates, lower bit error rates, greater transmission distance, and greater immunity to interference effects. Programmable-hardware devices are the best choice for Reed-Solomon codec implementation, because these devices contain an abundance of the registers that the hardware-implementation process requires. They also allow implementing a pipelined design. Secondly, parallel realization of the equations is possible and helps to meet speed constraints. Easily mapping of equations is possible on the LUT architecture of FPGAs.


PURPOSE: To obtain a non-absorbent composition for inhibiting toxicity shock syndrome toxin I (TSST-I) exposed to Staphylococcus aureus, containing a compound selected from the group consisting of monoester or diester of specific polyhydric aliphatic alcohol and fatty acid and their mixture. CONSTITUTION: This non-absorbent composition, which is intended to irrigate the vagina, contains an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of monoester or diester of 8-18C fatty acid and polyhydric aliphatic alcohol bearing at least one OH group linked to aliphatic alcohol residue and their mixture, esp. glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl dilaurate and their mixture, wherein the effective amount is such as to be about 0.1wt.% or greater, at least about 0.5wt.%/wt.% or so, based on the weight of the solution. This composition inhibits TSST-I exposed to Staphylococcus aureus. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The purpose of this paper is to develop and explore a theory dealing with an important facet of agricultural runoff problems. Agricultural runoff is a nonpoint externality with notable implications for both research and policy. A nonpoint externality exists whenever the externality contributions of individual economic agents cannot be practically measured by direct monitoring. Without monitoring, regulations on emissions cannot be enforced, and charges or subsidies cannot be assessed. Thus, policies which are usually suggested for pollution abatement are not available. There is great need for a theoretical base that can adequately capture these facts. Such a theory yields some important implications even before specific empirical applications. The economic problem of agricultural runoff can be separated into three distinct categories. First, the sediment, nutrients, and chemicals removed by runoff represent a loss of resources to the individual farmer. These costs are borne privately by farmers. Second, if the discount rate of the individual farmer is greater than the social discount rate, or if the farmer has a planning horizon which is shorter than society's, the farmer will mine the soil resource at a rate which is more depletive than is socially optimal. This is a temporal externality. A third category involves the conservation of mass. Physical resources lost by the individual farm must appear elsewhere in the environment. In sufficient quantities, these resources are pollutants. Since water is the primary transport media for these resources, it is water that is polluted by soil, nutrients, and agricultural chemicals. This spatial externality has been the focus of much research. Here we intend to develop a theory for these issues, to employ it to suggest a revised research methodology, and to provide some important conclusions about alternative runoff policies. Only two of the three categories of agricultural runoff problems involve externalities, and only the spatial externality is considered here.


Four wildcat adult females and four adult males (Felis silvestris libyca, Forster 1780) were monitored with the radio-telemetric technique in several time periods from July 1994 to March 2002, in the faunal park of Monte Arcosu (southwestern Sardinia). 4,356 radio localisations were gathered. The different home-range configurations were calculated with two different methods: the minimum convex polygon method (MPC) and the kernel method. Selection was measured with the Ivlev preference index. The home ranges of the cats calculated with the 100% MCP varied between 75.5 and 469.5 ha. The home ranges calculated with the kernel method varied between 810.0 ha and 133.7 ha. In the summer the wildcats move in a smaller area than in the other seasons. The overlap of the home ranges of a few animals in the different seasons was between 24.5% and 82.5%. High maquis is the most represented vegetational typology in the home ranges of the wildcats followed by low maquis for the females and by the riparial vegetation for the males; both are used in relation to their local availability. Both the selectivity index and the preference index show that only a few wildcats distinguish among the different habitats.


The carboxylic acid group on the proline of 1 was replaced by a phosphoric acid, a hydroxamic acid, and a tetrazole to give compounds 2-4, respectively. Testing of 2-4 as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors gave I50 values of 100, 1.6, and 22 microM, respectively, compared to 0.07 microM for 1. A hydroxamic acid derivative of the ketomethylene pentapeptide analogue 18 was then synthesized. This compound, 17, had an ACE I50 of 0.011 microM compared to 0.0076 microM for 18. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg of 17 to renal hypertensive rats had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate.


The seasonality of the baroclinic slope current system along the western European margin in the Bay of Biscay and along the northern Iberian Peninsula is investigated in a joint analysis of an analytical model and numerical simulations with various forcings. A distinction is made between local winds and basin-scale winds, in which the effect of the latter is indirectly apparent through the basin-scale density gradients. The slope currents are mainly forced by the large-scale structure of the density field. The analysis indicates significant differences in the behavior of the uppermost slope current and of the deeper currents. At all depths, seasonal variations in the large-scale density structure of the ocean alter the strength of the slope currents but are not able to cause robust, long-lasting reversals. Reversals of the uppermost slope current appear to be caused by changes in the alongshore component of the local wind stress, provided that the opposing forcing from the density structure is weak enough. However, the deeper slope currents are not very much affected by the wind stress, so that flow reversals can be explained neither by the wind nor by seasonal changes in the density structure. A numerical simulation suggests that the reversals of the deeper slope currents are at least partly forced by seasonal changes in the flow upstream of the slope current system. The authors demonstrate that the larger part of these seasonal changes is associated with annual baroclinic Rossby waves caused by the seasonal cycle of the large-scale wind stress over the whole basin.


RuO2/SnO2–Al2O3 has been recently reported as an industrial catalyst for Cl2 production through HCl oxidation. The stabilizing role of the alumina binder in the material, essential for its durable performance, is elucidated here. Al2O3 prevents chlorination of the SnO2 carrier under relevant reaction conditions, whereas, in its absence, SnO2 losses exceed 80 wt % in very short times owing to volatilization as SnCl4. Characterization by using X‐ray diffraction, temperature‐programmed reduction with hydrogen, and high‐resolution TEM indicates expansion of the cassiterite cell in the SnO2–Al2O3 composite with respect to pure SnO2, which suggests the insertion of certain Al species upon mechanochemical and thermal activation of the oxide mixture. 27Al magic‐angle spinning NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the pentahedrally coordinated Al3+ cations interact with SnO2, generating an electron‐depleted region near the surface of SnO2 particles. This induces some acidic character in cassiterite, which possibly makes it inert toward HCl. Besides this electronic effect, the presence of thin porous amorphous alumina films, partly covering the SnO2 surface, can offer additional geometric protection of the support. Mechanical mixing followed by calcination is essential to attain stabilization, and maximized effects are achieved with a high‐surface area alumina. Other oxides such as SiO2 are ineffective in preventing tin losses during HCl oxidation. The practical implications of these findings are very important. The metal loading (fourfold decrease) and, thus, the cost of the catalyst can be significantly lowered without compromising its long‐term stability.


ment practitioners, reaffirming nonviolence is a profound conclusion; however, as a matter of conceptual advance, it falls short. Second, Nepstad explicitly concedes that her goal with her case studies was not to create new historical narratives and that such an approach may dissatisfy some. However, she deploys her secondary sources in imbalanced ways which expose the text to validity issues. Nepstad deftly engages in debates between her secondary sources throughout the book—a hallmark of self-conscious and empirically-rigorous comparative-historical work. However, she does this when she weighs the relative importance of structural factors on movement success. In comparison, sources that affirm the strategies of movements do not receive a similarly adjudicative treatment. In addition, Nepstad uses U.S., Canadian, and British periodicals in her discussion of Panama, Chile, and Kenya—and only in those cases. Though the effect on the overall comparison between these cases and the others is minimal, methodologists and area specialists alike may find such secondary source material to be selectively applied and as such, problematic. Such data limitations do not fully undermine the contributions of the text; instead they should encourage future work to perform further tests on her findings with other sources. Finally, Nepstad suggests that her framework and findings would push past the elite-centric nature of the democratic transitions literature. However, she owes much of her empirical data to secondary sources from that literature, and as such retreads rather than reaches past existing findings. Scholars who work on democratic transitions will find here several familiar ''crucial'' cases—Germany, Chile, the Philippines, and China (as a failed case)—as well as several key texts as secondary sources which were written using the transition paradigm. In none of those cases or in the sources she uses does Nepstad uncover anything new analytically for scholars of democratization. Case in point: the ultimate finding that state sanctioning power matters and that to alter it requires manipulating the threat perceptions of regime hardliners and softliners over time is a foundational point for the transitions literature. To be sure, one could argue the text shifts the emphasis onto movements rather than elites. However, we are left with a similar set of findings about the dynamics between movements and elites which the transitions literature has covered quite thoroughly. On balance, Nepstad has written a profoundly useful book which should serve as a model for experts seeking to design a tightly-argued comparative project, as well as a reference for movement practitioners and advocates of nonviolence. The book would also be an excellent teaching tool for undergraduates in social movements and methods courses, and will certainly spark discussion for anyone interested in latter-day events like the Arab Spring.


The problem of the superfluous power centralization is analyzed in this paper. The author makes a conclusion that the approaches to the solution of the problem of St.-Petersburg officials and province administration leaders were of essential differences. The discussion about the power deconcentration necessity at the turn of the XIXth XXth centuries is regarded in the context of the province reforms.


With the development of higher vocational colleges, training new teachers is particularly important. It is objectively demanded in the development of higher vocational education that such special ranks of teachers be trained, with the ideas of higher vocational education, fairly good ability in both the oretical and practical teaching and enterprising spirit. This article describes some feelings and experiences of the training new teachers through "Hope Cup" in Nanjing College of Chemical Technology.


Randomness is a foundation on which many aspects of the machine learning pipeline are built. From training models with stochastic gradient descent to tuning hyperparameters with random search, independent random sampling is ubiquitous. While independent sampling can be fast, it can also lead to undesirable properties, such as when samples are very similar. Abstaining from the independence assumption, we propose to examine the role of diversity in these samples, especially in cases where we have limited computation, limited space, or limited data. We address three applications: tuning hyperparameters, subsampling data, and ensemble generation. Hyperparameter optimization requires training and evaluating numerous models, which can often be time consuming. Random search allows for training and evaluating these models fully in parallel; we model diversity explicitly in this regime, and find that sets of hyperparameter assignments which are more diverse lead to better optima than conventional random search, a low discrepancy sequence, and even a sequential Bayesian optimization approach. Drawing a subset of a dataset is useful in many applications, such as when the full training set is too large to fit into memory. How these subsets are drawn is important, as their distribution may differ significantly from that of the full dataset, especially in the case when some labels are much more common than others. We address this by proposing to sample smaller datasets that are diverse, both in terms of labels and features. Ensembling models is a popular technique when minimizing task-specific errors is more important than computational efficiency or interpretability. Diversity among the models in an ensemble is directly tied to the the ensemble's error, with more diversity often leading to lower error. We propose to apply our diversity promoting techniques to ensemble generation, first when selecting data to train the base models (as in bagging), and second when choosing which already-trained models will comprise an ensemble.


A REVIEW OF THEODORE TAPTIKLIS'S Unmanaging: Opening Up The Organization To Its Own Unspoken Knowledge 2008 Palgrave MacMillan ISBN 9780230573529A couple of years ago, David Boje and I started using the term "post-Newtonian" to refer to the worldview that has been emerging from many of the scientific breakthroughs of the 20th Century, most notably quantum mechanics, neurobiology, and complexity sciences (Boje & Baskin, 2010). Rather than the Newtonian deterministic world of distinct things, composed of "dead" matter, bumping into each other and behaving deterministically according to Universal Laws, the post-Newtonian world is one in which coherent energy storage phenomena interconnected at many levels of scale, respond to each other, causing systemic cascades of co-evolutionary change. Nobel Laureate in Physics Robert Laughlin (2005) has written about this as an "Emergent," as opposed to the Newtonian "Reductionist," worldview.What I've since discovered is that, starting in the late 20th Century, a variety of thinkers began examining their subjects in a post-Newtonian manner. These pioneers, writing in the 1960s and 70s, included Eldredge and Gould, whose punctuated equilibria reframed the discussion of evolution (Gould, 2002); Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy in his dynamic family therapy (Boszorneyi-Nagy & Spark, 1985); and Gerhard Mensch and his cyclic theory of innovation and depression in economics (1979). More recently, work by such thinkers as Karen Barad (2007) in philosophy, Bruno Latour (1988; 2005) in sociology, and David Christian (2004) in history have pushed a post-Newtonian way of thinking further into the social sciences.For readers of E:CO, a post-Newtonian understanding of organizations and how people in them interact is among the most valuable applications of this worldview. That understanding is still evolving- in Boje's concepts of antenarrative (2001) and the storytelling organization (2008); the work of Ralph Stacey (2001, for instance) and his school; or the concept of the quantum organization (see, for example, Kilmann, 2011), not to mention the many works applying complexity studies to organizations.Four years ago, Theodore Taptiklis, now a Managing Partner at Storymaker Partners, published Unmanaging: Opening up the Organization to its own Unspoken Knowledge, one of the most intriguing foundational texts for examining the post-Newtonian organization. What makes this book unique is that it approaches the issue from three directions- personal, works of others, and a post-Newtonian application.Conflict of interest warning: I've known and worked with Taptiklis since about 2006. 1 sincerely hope that hasn't prejudiced me against him.Getting back to the book, in the first part, Taptiklis explores his personal journey leading to a non-traditional understanding of organizations. Beginning with McKinsey and Company in 1975, he was immersed in its linear, Newtonian approach to organizational problem solving. What he would discover in his six years with McKinsey was that the company's mechanical, one-size-fits-all approach didn't work. Taptiklis describes McKinsey's current vision this way: "Through truly heroic efforts of command and control, messy and complex human reality- where people struggle to establish ways to collaborate and to work towards common solutions- will be replaced by a perfectly tidy and efficient machine. . ." (33). Organizations, like life, he found, were simply too messy, and McKinsey's mechanical model ultimately trapped people in the past. He concludes this part of the book with a list of the principles that he discovered to replace McKinsey's Newtonian outlook.The second part of the book examines a series of sources on which Taptiklis's approach-to begin "with who and what we are as human persons" and only then move to "what we can do and produce together" (72)-draws. In four chapters, he highlights the work of:* Patricia Brenner and Hubert Dreyfus on how expertise depends on being immersed in a practice about which one cares* John Shotter and Ludwig Wittgenstein on how we become what we are and take current action as part of a social context in which we participate and are emotionally, as well as intellectually, engaged* David Boje and Mikhail Bakhtin on how we are continually building our realities through storytelling and how we can become imprisoned by those stonesRalph Stacey and Norbert Elias on how organizations are not "containers," but collections of people in constant interaction with each other, where new response can emerge, especially to unexpected circumstances. …


We propose a novel mode converter (MC) based on multimode interference (MMI). This MC taking advantages of long-period fiber grating and multimode interference, it not only has high conversion efficiency, but also greatly reduces the interference between modes.


We present an overview on the progress of InP/InGaAs based Hi-Lo APD's, which are important for long-haul optical fiber communications. Much of recent research efforts have been focused on improving the operation reliability, the gain- bandwidth (GB) product, and reducing the excess noise factor. To achieve a high GB product and a reliable operation, the reduction of the thickness of the multiplication layer and an optimum design of the internal electric field distribution are essential. The concept of the planar InP/InGaAs APD is very important from this perspective and the Hi-Lo APD's are expected to play an important role.


Laristania beyarslani sp. nov., a new species of Phycitinae (Pyralidae) from Turkey, is described herein, and compared with other known species of the genus Laristania Amsel, 1951. The distribution area of all Laristania species and assessment on the morphology of some species are presented. Habitus, male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated. The male genitalia of all species in the genus are compared. Besides, photos of adult, male and female genitalia of L. taftanella (Amsel, 1954), and adult and male genitalia of L. aspergella (Ragonot, 1887) are provided.


To evaluate, in patients who underwent Fallopian‐tube sterilization by hysteroscopic insertion of an Essure® device, the feasibility and accuracy of three‐dimensional (3D) transvaginal sonography (TVS) to check the position of the device and 3D hysterosalpingo‐foam sonography (3D‐HyFoSy) using contrast‐enhanced gel foam to assess consequent tubal occlusion.


Abstract The restoration of the species composition of the meadow habitats is often linked to the introduction of the typical species' seeds. The effectiveness of that treatment requires getting the acquired detailed knowledge of the germination biology of peculiar species. Eight typical plant species of four non-forest habitats of the river valleys, representing the following types: Cnidion dubii (6440), Molinion (6410), Arrhenatherion (6510) and Festuco-Brometea (6210) were investigated. The diasporas were collected in the years 2014–2015 on the meadows of PLH 140016 protection area near Mniszew (Kozienice county, Mazovian voivodeship). The ability of seeds' germination in the laboratory conditions was studied. It was stated that Cnidion and Molinion meadows' species require pre-chilling to break the seeds' dormancy, while the Arrhenatherion meadows and xerotermophilous swards do not require such treatment. The Allium angulosum, Plantago lanceolata, Achillea millefolium and Eryngium planum were characterized by high vigour and germination capability as well as the low share of dead seeds. The extremely drought in 2015 caused the decreasing in germination capability and increasing in the dead seeds' share. The preliminary studies, presented in this paper, show that Cnidion and Molinion meadows may be most difficult to restore because of the necessity of breaking the seeds' dormancy and higher sensitiveness for the unfavourable weather conditions during the seed ripening stage. The studies have practical significance for the works connected with the floristic diversity' increasing of threatened communities and the restoration of the destroyed meadow habitats.


Propolis and Trigona spp honey have functioned as anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and antibiotic. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Methicillin and Vancomycin found in the surgical treatment room and ICU of Ratu Zalecha Hospital Martapura. The purpose of this research was to determine the inhibitory zone of MRSA, VRSA to the propolis extract and honey of Trigona spp at the concentration of 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, 600 mg/ml, 800 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml. Also to know the concentration of the propolis extract and honey of Trigona spp in inhibiting the growth of MRSA, VRSA. The type of this research was true experimental with the design of Pretest-Posttest With Control Group Design. The study was conducted from April 2015 to June 2015 in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan Indonesia. The objects of research are propolis and honey of Trigona spp hives in the Barabai area. The dependent variable was the inhibition zone of MRSA and VRSA in Hinton Muller` media containing ethanol extract of propolis and honey of Trigona spp in some different concentrations measured from the formed diameter of inhibition zone. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis test at 95% confidence level. The results of the research showed that there were differences in MRSA and VRSA inhibition zone against various concentrations of Trigona spp honey. The strength of Trigona spp honey which was in inhibiting the growth of MRSA was 1000 mg/ml concentration with a diameter of 25.2 mm. VRSA at 1000 mg/ml concentration with a diameter of 26.6 mm. The strength of Trigona spp propolis extract which is useful in inhibiting the growth of MRSA is at 1000 mg/ml concentration with a diameter of 17.8 mm. VRSA at 1000 mg/ml concentration with a diameter of 16.4 mm.


The application of object-relations theory to the psychotherapy of severe personality disorders owes much to the writings of Otto Kernberg. According to Kernberg, object-relations theory facilitates analysis of the psychotherapeutic process and the clarification of personality pathology. It is a concept that integrates theories of psychic process in the individual, group process and the organization of the clinical setting, and has found general support among Dutch (group) psychotherapists treating patients with borderline and psychotic disorders. However, the scope of object-relations theory is seldom addressed. When object-relations theory is separated from clinical psychiatry it can be overvalued as a universal explanatory model.


Risk factors for asymptomatic echocardiographic abnormalities that predict symptomatic heart failure (HF) may provide insight into early mechanisms of HF pathogenesis. We examined risk factors associated with asymptomatic echocardiographic structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities, separately and in combination, and interactions between risk factors, in the prospective community‐based SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New HF (SCREEN‐HF) Study cohort of 3190 participants at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.


Prenatal exposure to hydroxyprogesterone can alter the spermatogenesis in adult rat. For the purpose of assessing the effects of prenatal exposure to hydroxyprogesterone on postnatal reproductive performance, rats were treated intraperitoneally with doses of hydroxyprogesterone (10, 25 mg/kg body weight) on 1st, 7th and 14th day of gestation. The reproductive performance of the male offspring was assessed after 90 d by determining the changes in testis weight and the number of spermatids. A significant (p<0.001) decrease in testicular weight and number of spermatids was observed in the experimental male rats. Testis of the experimental rats also exhibited symptoms of arrest of spermatogenesis. It is suggested that in utero exposure to supra-normal levels of hydroxyprogesterone affects male reproduction by altering the spermatogenesis.


The crystal structures of two new p-bromoanilinium molybdates have been determined by the X-ray powder diffraction method. Both compounds crystallize in monoclinic system; p-bromoanilinium pentamolybdate (I) a = 28.691(4), b = 5.6865(4), c = 14.386(2)Å, β =113.22(2), V = 2157.0(5)Å, space group C2/c (15), and p-bromoanilinium trimolybdate (II) a = 15.490(2), b = 7.589(1), c = 17.874(3)Å, β=101.54(1), V= 2058.7(4)Å, space group P21/c (14). Synthesis and the results of crystal structure determination and thermal decomposition studies are presented in this paper. Crystal structure determination was performed from powder diffraction data, using direct methods and global optimisation techniques. Introduction Molybdenum compounds are interesting as prospective candidates for various applications in catalysis (hydrodesulfurisation, selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, propene to acrolein and acrylonitrile), optoelectronics and anticancer therapy [1]. They can be also used as corrosion inhibitors, pigments, smoke suppressants (MoO3, molybdates), lubricants (MoS2) and components of ceramics (MoSi2) [2]. It is also possible to obtain very fine powders (nanoparticles) of MoO3, NiO, CuO, ZnO or MoCx and MoNy through thermal decomposition of some molybdates [3, 4]. Recently, we have focused our attention on fibrillar or layered materials with organic cations. Organic components with proper substituents can be used for modification of the properties of the synthesised compounds. Layered or fibrillar materials based on polymolybdate anions offer interesting chemical properties and unusual architecture. The synthesis of a desired molybdate with specifically tailored properties is, however, still a very challenging task. Unauthenticated Download Date | 9/24/19 7:41 AM 388 European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 11


The system consists of normal entry and exit zones for transit passenger to wait for transit and exit. They are the same in structure which can make double direction flow for passenger as their channels are set up with multifunction intelligent card processing rod to carry on preidentification for transit passenger status. The transparent automatic door, self-service station for entry and exist processing which carrys on finger print identification for self-service transit passenger with tailing proof and formed photoelectric transducer are equipped on multiple self-service entry and exist processing zone. The control box to control the entire self-service transit system is installed at multiple auxiliary zone of customs officer.


Summary This paper describes an adaptive control system for an articulated robot with n joints carrying a variable load. The robot is a complex nonlinear time-varying MIMO plant with dynamic interaction between its inputs and outputs. However, the design of the control system is relatively straightforward and does not require any prior knowledge about the plant. This is because the control system is based on using neural networks which can capture the dynamic characteristics of the plant automatically. Three neural networks are employed in total, the first to learn the dynamics of the robot, the second to model its inverse dynamics and the third, a copy of the second neural network, to control the robot.


ABSTRACT Over the past 15 years, assessment for learning (AfL) has emerged as a key area of teacher practice with policy mandates around the world supporting teachers' implementation of the underlying components of this pedagogical approach. While procedural and selective implementation of AfL strategies has been observed within research (i.e., implementing the letter of AfL), promoting a spirit of AfL appears far more challenging. There is a critical need to better understand how teachers develop AfL capacity within their practice to effectively cultivate a spirit of AfL in their classrooms. The purpose of this study was to describe a learning continuum for teachers' implementation of AfL as based on data from 88 teachers. Specifically, interview and observational data were analyzed to describe five developmental stages demarcating shifts in teachers' conceptual understandings and enacted AfL practices. The resulting learning continuum provides an empirical foundation for responsive teacher education that facilitates teachers' continued learning toward more meaningful AfL implementation.


The structure of BeO-SiO{sub 2} glasses with up to 20 mol % BeO has been studied with {sup 9}Be and {sup 29}Si NMR spectroscopic techniques. The NMR results are consistent with a glass structure consisting of nanoclusters of corner-shared BeO{sub 4} tetrahedra that occupy the interstices of an unmodified and highly strained corner-shared SiO{sub 4} network. The complete absence of nonbridging oxygens in these glasses contradicts the conventional wisdom of oxide glass structures based on the modified random-network-type models. This structure type may have important implications in understanding and designing glasses with unusual properties.


The bimolecular termination reaction in free-radical copolymerizations of alkene-type monomers has been studied on the basis of a model which includes both chain end flexibility and chemical reactivity.Two parameters, δAB and δBA, related to the mobility and reactivity of a copolymer segment, have been calculated as functions of the polymerization temperature for the copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in bulk initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. Their activation energies have been compared to those of the corresponding δA and δB values of pure monomers.A simple correlation between chemical reactivity and segmental flexibility is consistent with our results. At least for the system under study the bimolecular radical termination reaction seems to be kinetically controlled by the chemical reactivity of the chain ends and, more predominantly, by the segmental flexibility of the last portion of the chain.


The 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 interactions of lanthanon (III) isopropoxide with monofunctional bidentate Schiff bases as salicylidene-o-toluidine (SOTH) and salicylidene-p-p-toluidine (SPTH) have been investigated. The resulting products Ln(OPr1)2(SB), Ln(OPr1)(SB)2 and Ln(SB)3 (where Ln=Pr, Nd and Sm and SB1− is the anion of the corresponding Schiff base) have been isolated in almost quantitative yields. The infrared spectra of these compounds have been recorded and plausible structures suggested.


Preliminary data from an experimental combustor show that the NO sub x emission index, g (NO2)/kg fuel, is about three times greater for hydrogen than for JP at simulated cruise conditions. However, if these results are applied to aircraft designed for a given mission, hydrogen's higher heating value enables the aircraft to have a lower gross weight and a lower fuel flow rate so that the NO sub x emission rate, kg(NO2)/hr may be reduced about 30% compared to JP. Theoretical kinetics calculations indicate that combustors may be designed for hydrogen that could further decrease NO sub x emissions by taking advantage of hydrogen's wide flammable limits and high burning velocity.


A total of 500 college students from Guangzhou city were investigated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and Type A behavior styles questionnaires.The results show that boys got remarkably higher scores on sleep disturbance and day time dysfunction than girls did.There is great difference between college students from different grades in sleep quality,sleep latency,day-time's dysfunction and total scores on PSQI.Compared with type B and type M,Type A has remarkably lower scores on dysfunction and notably higher scores on sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration and PSQI.Therefore,intervention should be put up according to gender,grade and type A behavior,so as to enhance college students' sleep quality.


We extend the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) technique in time domain using two delayed polarized beams. We present the results in two model liquids, acetonitrile and carbon tetrachloride, analyzing the transient regime. (CNPq, DAAD)


Longjing 20 was extended through the Heilongjiang Province in January 2007.It have characteristic with early-maturing,high-quality,high yield,disease resistance,cold resistance etc.It won the State of New Varieties of protection in March 2007.There were promotive area of 0.1753 millions hm2 in 2008 and 0.1461 millions hm2 in 2009,so it has become main variety in the third accumulated temperature in Heilongjiang Province.It was classified as an agricultural science and technology achievements into capital projects and as a Contrastive variety of early-maturing group in the third accumulated temperature in 2009.In accordance with shortage of earlier ear and so on,this text put forward supporting the key cultivative techniques of Longjing 20.


Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.12 No.2, Issue of April 15, 2009 © 2009 by Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso -- Chile Received June 5, 2008 / Accepted November 3, 2008


ABSTRACT Elections produce winners and losers, but not necessarily reconciliation. In fact, the 2006 Congolese elections cemented several of the cleavages that led to the war in the first place. In North Kivu, the situation is still tense and uncertain, and the North Kivu security predicament is situated in the conflict nexus between migration, land rights, and identity issues. The Congo crisis is neither an international conspiracy nor a "resource war" merely about pillage and plunder. Its causes must be located in the complex web of uncertainties concerning citizenship and land rights questions that have become an integral part of people's livelihoods in North Kivu. This has important ramifications for the levels of attachment and disattachment between armed insurgencies and local populations. The conflict in North Kivu is deeply entrenched in history, and here as elsewhere in Africa the past and the present are connected in complicated ways. The only way we can understand the North Kivu security predicament is to consider how the current conflict is an integral part of the full history of this part of Congo.


Two grids of horizontal-branch evolutionary sequences are presented which extend the grid of Sweigart and Gross (1976) to higher masses and higher metallicities. These two grids were constructed specifically for the study of red clump stars observed in intermediate-age star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds and in the Galaxy. An additional evolutionary track, with a thick hydrogen-burning shell which simulates the effect of a modest amount of mixing from the helium core into the shell at the time of the helium-core flash, is also presented. It is found that a small amount of mixing does not alter in a significant way the standard course of horizontal-branch evolution. 36 references.


native low wage workers' (p. 256). Finally, Tomas Korpi (Chapter 9) examines how different migration policies affect the skills of migrant populations using data from the International Adult Literacy Survey. The study indicates that in countries where immigrants have the highest literacy skills, the majority of immigrants come from countries with the same language (e.g. British citizens in New Zealand). Nonetheless, these differences in generic skills do not seem to be 'related to migration policy in any systematic manner' (p. 278), a result that raises questions about demand-based migration policies aiming at attracting highly skilled migrants. In summary, the contributions give an insight into the most recent dynamics underlying intraEuropean labour mobility in times of economic crisis, and examine the phenomenon of overeducation/underemployment. Especially chapters like Anacka and Fihel's work on the sociodemographic characteristics of Polish returnees represent important data on recent migration movements from and to sending and receiving countries. On a similar note, Huber's work on crossborder commuters describes a sector largely overlooked by scholarly research. However, the volume would, at times, have benefited from a deeper insight into the matter. For example, Tijdens and Klaveren prove that over-education is a global phenomenon, but do only briefly mention possible explanations like language problems or difficulties with the recognition of foreign educational credentials. On a similar note, Korpi states that immigration policies, even those aiming at attracting highly skilled migrants in particular, do not seem to have an impact on migrants' generic set of skills, but fails to give an answer to the question of what factors do influence the possibility of skill import. In conclusion, some of the studies presented in the volume produce a sharp description of recent social phenomena in the context of inner-European labour migration, but paint a rather blurry picture when it comes to explaining these phenomena. In general, however, the volume is a valuable resource for scholars working on recent migration streams within the European Union of twenty-seven.


Detection of a particular region of an image is one of the most complex thing ever. Algorithms were derived for detecting and they were used for the image processing. The detection of edges are detected in low range. So, the particular region identification is become tough for perfect cropping. To make a perfect detection, we propose an algorithm called Brink Detection. This algorithm used to detect the edges of the image clearly and accurately. So, the user will get a clear outline of the image. The detection which turns the original image to grayscale image. The grayscale image is easy for cropping process. The results show that the cropped image will get an accurate border and it will be cropped from the original image. The quality of the image remains the same. The image color will not be reduced and pixel will not get affected.


Abstract Bis-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (BTPhen) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which selectively extract Am(III) over europium(III) from 0.1 M HNO3 with fast kinetics and a separation factor of 30 have been synthesized. These MNPs also show a small but significant selectivity for Am(III) over Cm(III) with a separation factor of around 3 in 0.1 M HNO3. We report also the synthesis of these BTPhen and related ligands via an improved synthetic route bypassing the problematic benzylic oxidation with stoichiometric SeO2.


The network of Multi-filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (MFRSRs) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site consists of 21 instrument sites located at Central (CF) and Extended Facilities (EF) and covering an area of approximately 3 by 4 degrees. Application of the previously developed MFRSR data analysis algorithm (Alexandrov et al. 2002a) yields daily time series of aerosol optical depth and particle size as well as NO2 and ozone column amounts. The individual instrument retrievals are then combined (with the use of local wind measurements) into series of satellite-image-like two-dimensional (2D) maps displaying the evolution of spatial distribution of the retrieved atmospheric parameters (Alexandrov et al. 2002b) throughout the day.


In the recent decade, the North China Plain (NCP) has been among the region's most heavily polluted by PM2.5 in China. For the nonattainment cities in the NCP, joint pollution control with related cities is highly needed in addition to the emission controls in their own cities. However, as the basis of decision-making, the spatial characteristics of PM2.5 among these cities are still insufficiently revealed. In this work, the spatial characteristics among all nonattainment cities in the northern part of the North China Plain (NNCP) region were revealed based on data mining technologies including clustering, coefficient of divergence (COD), network correlation model, and terrain and meteorology analysis. The results indicate that PM2.5 pollution of cities with a distance of less than 180 km exhibits homogeneity in the NCP region. Especially, the sub-region, composed of Xinxiang, Hebi, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, and Jiaozuo, was strongly homogeneous and a strong correlation exists among them. Compared with spring and summer, much stronger correlations of PM2.5 between cities were found in autumn and winter, indicating a strong need for joint prevention and control during these periods. All nonattainment cities in this region were divided into city-clusters, depending on the seasons and pollution levels to further helping to reduce their PM2.5 concentrations effectively. Air stagnation index (ASI) analysis indicates that the strong correlations between cities in autumn were more attributed to the transport impacts than those in winter, even though there were higher PM2.5 concentrations in winter. These results provided an insight into joint prevention and control of pollution in the NCP region.