This paper analyzes the types of relationships which have been established between the Orthodox Romanian Church and the state starting with the 1866 Constitution. It critically assesses the theoretical model proposed by Pedro Ramet (1987) and reorganizes it applying its basic principles and its structure to the Romanian case study. Taking into consideration the various elements of the model, the study concludes that currently in spite of a delimitation of the religious sphere from the political one, in practice in post-communist Romania the connection between Church and state is much more blurred.


Gene Ontology (GO) annotations encode scientific knowledge that states the properties of GO-based annotated entities, e.g., proteins, enzymes, or genes. On one hand, taxonomic knowledge, which is encoded in class hierarchies, states the abstract types of the annotations. On other hand, semantics of the object properties expressed as logic axioms, determine the facts, inferred or stated, where the annotations participate in the ontology, i.e., the annotation neighborhood. Further, informativeness of a term in a corpus allows for the characterization of the specificity of the GO terms used in a dataset of GO-based annotated entities. We hypothesize that the combination of all these characteristics provides the basis for an accurate estimation of the similarity between GO-based annotated entities; we devise thus a novel semantic similarity measure named IC-OnSim. IC-OnSim considers all informativeness, the semantics encoded in the ontology, and the taxonomic information as first-class citizens, and differentiates annotations that are taxonomically similar, but that either are not equally informative or have different neighborhoods in GO. IC-OnSim determines semantics based on the neighborhood facts of the corresponding GO terms, i.e., the object properties where these GO facts participate and the justifications that support the entailment of these facts; further, informativeness of a term is measured as Information Content (IC). We empirically study the performance of IC-OnSim on benchmarks of GO-based annotated proteins published by the Collaborative Evaluation of Semantic Similarity Measures (CESSM) tool. During the evaluation, IC-OnSim exhibits the highest values of the Pearson's correlation coefficients with respect to the gold standard similarity measures Sequence Similarity and Pfam. These results support our hypothesis that the combination of the properties of the GO terms allows for the precise computation of the relatedness of GO-based annotated entities.


Aim. The prostate tumor-inducing oncogene (PTI-1), presumably encoding a truncated form of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1), was discovered as a gene overexpressed in prostate tumor samples and absent in normal tissues. The mechanism of PTI-1 oncogenicity remains obscure. Methods. Several bioinformatics methods were applied to analyze the PTI-1 mRNA structure, translation efficiency and coding potential. Results. In silico analysis of 5'UTR of its mRNA suggest that PTI-1 mRNA most probably belongs to the class of templates with low translation efficiency. Additionally, novel open reading frame (ORF) starting with alternative initiation site situated upstream of the main ORF start codon was found. Finally, the peptide that does not resemble eEF1A1 but is partially homologous to relaxin can be synthesized. Conclusions. We suggest that the alternative upstream start codon may initiate synthesis of a peptide (uPTI-1) homologous to relaxin, the hormone shown to promote the prostate cancer progression. uPTI-1 protein may interact with the respective relaxin-specific receptors, suggesting that the tumorigenic outcome of PTI-1 is possibly realized via the relaxin-dependent pathway.


Abstract : An investigation to determine the optimum design for a modular family of power inverters has been completed. The inverters are to provide 60 Hz or 400 Hz (selectable) sine wave outputs at 120V/240V, single phase/3-phase when supplied from a 30-60 Vdc source. Included in the family are inverters of from 1.5 to 10 kW. Optimization is done with regard to cost, size, weight, efficiency, reliability, availability and maintainability. Various options were examined during Phase I. Phase II: detailed study.


Abstract Liquid crystalline properties of 1 - (4′ - alkoxyphenylamino) - 3 - (4′ - hexyloxyphenyl)-prop-1-en-3-ones, from methoxy to heptadecyloxy, have been examined by optical, DSC, and X-ray methods. The phase diagram for the series exhibits a rich polymorphism of tilted smectic phases, for example, five mesophases were found for the hexyloxy derivative. A characteristic feature of the phase diagram is a gap in the crystal G phase area. For the heptyloxy homologue, a direct crystal H-smectic F phase transition was found; in the case of shorter as well as longer terminal substituents, the phase sequence crystal H–crystal G–smectic F is observed. Calorimetric and X-ray studies revealed the existence of a tricritical point on the crystal G–smectic F transition line.


0.2000g mogroside sample is digested by 7.0ml nitric acid and 3.0ml hydrogen peroxide, and generated by coprecipitation enrichment hydride - atomic fluorescence spectrometry determines trace selenium in it. Under optimum experiment conditions, a standard curve was produced using selenium standard solution, the linear equation is Ise=2890.6c+0.0012,compared wish the linear relaticnship is not by coprecipitation direct determination of standard series Ise=82.56c+0.0018 Selenium detection sensitivity was increased by 35.01 times,the correlation coefficient of obtained linear regression equation is 0.9996, the detection limit is 0.0012μg/L and the relative standard deviation is 0.76% (n=5). Containing 0.1808μg.g-1 Se Luo Han Shen samples. Based on mogroside sample, add a certain of standard solution to do recovery experiment, the obtained recovery rate is in 95.8%~103.6% and the result is satisfactory.


: This paper summarises the research undertaken, and methodology implemented in the design and manufacture of the Paediatric Videofluoroscopy chair. The Paediatric Videofluoroscopy chair improves seating of patients during x-ray treatment within the children's X-ray unit at the RVI hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne. Videofluoroscopy is real time X-ray demonstrating a patient's swallowing function. Videofluoroscopy can be used to diagnose problems with swallowing, coughing/choking and breathing when eating or drinking. These conditions are closely linked to speech. This project was undertaken due to the lack of suitable equipment available commercially. Quality function deployment was undertaken to create a design specification, and the Ashby (2005) method of material selection implemented to select appropriate materials. Concept designs were produced with 3D modelling CAD software, Solidworks. Upon customer approval, manufacturing of the prototype will commence.


INTRODUCTION Between 0.6% and 1.55% of the adults who undergo cardiac catheterization have coronary anomalies. Anomalous coronary arteries are not spared from obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD): its incidence in the anomalous vessel is as high as 68%, and some anomalies are much more likely than others to develop significant disease. A left main originating from the right coronary sinus is suppling a greater extent of the myocardium and is associated both with an increased incidence of symptoms and of sudden cardiac death.


Based on a recent investigation in a province in central China, this paper finds that Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB), which has been systematically implemented since 2000 in local governments, has not been developed into the basic budgeting framework as expected. Instead, it is a kind of control budgeting that has functioned. Under the framework of control budgeting, ZBB is mainly applied to budgetary decisions on program expenditures. Even in the field of program expenditures, ZBB has not changed the budgetary process and outcomes because of the constraints from fiscal stringency and political system.


Drought has a significant impact over the socioeconomic condition of Bangladesh as it has an agriculture based economy. The current situation of climate change related to agriculture's impact, impact on food security and national policy in these regards need especial scholarly attention in Bangladesh. To assess the meteorological drought (by considering rainfall only), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to diagnose drought which uses historic records of monthly rainfall data over Bangladesh. Droughts are categories as extreme (SPI < -2.0), severe (-2.0 < SPI < -1.5) and moderate (-1.5 < SPI < -1.0) droughts and frequencies of these drought events are compared with two time slices, namely, 1971-1990 and 1991-2010 of each 20 years of length. Historical analysis has suggested that extreme droughts are decreased whether severe and moderate droughts are increased during past two decades especially in the north western part of the country. Future drought conditions are also analyzed using 25km high resolution downscaled and projected climate data generated from the regional climate model known as PRECIS. The SRES A1B emission scenarios boundary data have used to run the simulations for a continuous period of 1971-2100. SPI values are also determined with these simulated time series data and validated with existing observed data from 1971 to 2010. It has found that model can capture observe climatology quite well. Considering seasonal (using 3 months SPI) drought events, all three types of droughts will be decreased in future years where there will be a comparative higher frequency of drought at mid 21 Century.


AbstractBrain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) use Electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from the brain scalp, which enable a communication between the human and the outside world. The present study helps the patients who are people locked-in to manage their needs such as accessing of web url's, sending/receiving sms to/from mobile device, personalized music player, personalized movie player, wheelchair control and home appliances control. In the proposed system, the user needs are designed as a button in the form of a matrix, in which the main panel of rows and columns button is flashed in 3 sec intervals. Subjects were asked to choose the desired task/need from the main panel of the GUI by blinking their eyes twice. The double eye blink signals extracted by using the bio-sensor of NeuroSky's mind wave device with portable EEG sensors are used as the command signal. Each task is designed and implemented using a Matlab tool. The developed Personalized GUI application collaborated with the EEG device acce...


To make theory analysis on the possibilities which univeral nurses education offer to get a broadminded knowledge and form skills to effective and highqualificated helthy cares in condition on contemporary helth care. The process of globalization and tendentions for continuing growing of healthcare needs in Europe and the world, justifying the need of introducing new models for providing health care. Building skills for independent professional work, communication and team interaction in planning, organizing and carrying out preventive and curative health care are leading in training nurses. Today is enforced the notion that sisterhood is widely human occupation associated with providing care for individual people - sick or healthy, to maintain or restore health.


This paper studies Tunisian respondents' reactions to female bareness according to their gender and their level of religiosity. The purpose of the study is to construct a model describing the effect of the provocation, through female bareness, on viewer's reactions. The investigation is conducted in Tunisia. The results emphasize the moderating role of the gender and the positive impact of religiosity on negative emotions during an exposure to female bareness. The theoretical contributions of this research involve the mediating effect of the emotions; the survey shows that negative emotions play a mediator role in the persuasive processes.


Commercially available solar collectors have the potential to provide a large fraction of the energy consumed for industrial process heat (IPH). Detailed case studies of individual industrial plants are required in order to make an accurate assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of applications. This report documents the results of seven such case studies. The objectives of the case study program are to determine the near-term feasibility of solar IPH in selected industries, identify energy conservation measures, identify conditions of IPH systems that affect solar applications, test SERI's IPH analysis software (PROSYS/ECONOMAT), disseminate information to the industrial community, and provide inputs to the SERI research program. The detailed results from the case studies are presented. Although few near-term, economical solar applications were found, the conditions that would enhance the opportunities for solar IPH applications are identified.


Climate Justice: Hope, Resilience, and the Fight for a Sustainable Future, eftir Mary Robinson, New York: Bloomsbury, 2018, 163 bls.


A Dominant Resource Fairness (DRF) based scheme for job scheduling in distributed cloud computing systems which was modeled as multi-job scheduling and multi-resource allocation coupling problem is proposed, where the resource pool is constructed from a large number of distributed heterogeneous servers, representing different points in the configuration space of resources such as processing, memory, storage and bandwidth. By introducing dominant resource share of jobs and virtual machines, the multi-job scheduling and multi-resource allocation joint mechanism significantly improves the cloud system's resource utilization, yet with a substantial reduction of job completion times. We show through experiments and case studies the superior performance of the algorithms in practice.


The localization of three monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against gastric cancer was studied on two human gastric cancer cell lines by immunoelectron microscopic technique. It has shown that the corresponding antigens of MAb 3G9 and 3H11 were distributed on the microvilli (M) and non-microvillus (NM) plasma membrane of target cells, with various M to NM ratios depending on the MAbs and target cells used. However, the corresponding antigens of MAb PD4 was only localized on the surface of round or finger-like bulges of target cells and never on the microvilli and non-microvillous plasma membrane. Since the nature and function of these tumor antigens have not been identified yet, the implication of the different distributions of these antigens remians to be clarifated.


This report describes the application used to test the G8 platform and presents results obtained from running it on a Hadoop backend. This report documents the deployment of an application on the NLE-GRID infrastructure. The applications were built upon the Hadoop backend and deployed according to the architectural specifications [2] (figure 1). Note that by integrating them in this way, they automatically become services available in the higher levels. One of the applications was later incorporated in an end-user application. This application, a search engine (and the corresponding web interface) providing post-processed answers for improved results, relies on statistical processing of the obtained results. The post-processing operations are computationally intensive for a single machine to run and are not at all suitable for a web application (in some cases, processing time is in excess of 15 minutes on a single machine). The application, thus, tests two aspects: the infrastructure itself and the access capabilities, on the one hand, and our capability to provide a high performance grid service through an implementation of the Hadoop backend. The Hadoop backend is integrated in the architecture as shown in figure 1 [2]. Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Hadoop service connector. The rest of the report starts with the description of the n-gram counting application as implemented over Hadoop (§1); then, in §2, the experiments run to validate the system are presented. Finally, remarks on the performance and future applications are discussed. Other tests to the services interface and to the web portal were also conducted. However, those tests were mainly to validate choices and particular implementation aspects and are not discussed in this report. The applications described here correspond to data-heavy processing applications and are intended to demonstrate the benefits of our approach.


Defensive behavior is an important mechanism for any animal survival, and understand their's strategy improve our knowledge about prey-predator relationship. Herein, based on field observation, we describe a sequence of behaviors displayed by the dusky mud snake Pseudoeryx plicatilis from the Pantanal floodplains. The individual displayed five different defensive behaviors, and no sequence pattern was recognized. Two of them were new for the species, and although some of those defensive strategies have already been reported for other Hydropsini snakes, we found some differences in such behaviors displayed by P. plicatilis . The new repertory described here may suggest distinct prey-predator interactions from other water snakes within the tribe.


Allied Forms of Failure of the Circulation". by M.D., C.M .. F.A.C.S.; 1949. New York; Grune 9" x 5~", pp. 612, with 55 illustrations. Price: on physiology for medical students, but are brought into sharp focus by any attempt to give an account likely to be useful to the veterinarian. Dukes has maintained a reasonable balance between the various sections of the book. Subjects such as the special senses are not of such importance to veterinary students as to their medical counterparts, and are correspondingly condensed. The sections dealing with metabolism and reproduction, on the other hand, which are essential t~ the veterinary profession, are large and have been extensively revised. In this respect, the only really disappointing chapter is that dealing with endocrines, which is too short and manages to ignore completely such important recent work as that of Selye and his colleagues on the alarm reaction and the adaptation syndrome in animals. The omission of formulre of blood pigments and vitamins is also to be regretted; they are given for various hormones, when known, although that of cestradiol on page 741 should have a phenolic ring, with three double bonds instead of the single one shown. Despite its many good points, the book still leaves a feeling of lack of integ-ration. This lack probably springs from a scientific virtue in its author, whose objective attitude seems to prevent him from making even a pretence at generalization if (as is too frequently the case) the evidence available is barely adequate. Nevertheless, this must sometimes leave the student a little more bewildered than is usually found good for him.


Abstract In the present work to validate the experimental results as per Taguchi based grey relational analysis by considering L27 orthogonal array corresponding to five factors with three levels and obtained optimal combination of input parameters to minimize the output responses during drilling process which is most important finishing operation required in the structural assembly works where we found application of Al-Mg-Si alloys, Deform-3D software is implemented and found good feasibility with that of experimental results.


The use of Biblical narratives as a teaching aid, within the current educational context, constitutes an option which might trigger objections that it can possibly clash with the new type of school principles as well as with the juveniles' freedom of religion.
The aim of the dissertation in question is to pinpoint that the teaching of Biblical narratives deserves a place in the muticultural and multireligious school of the current postmodern era we are leading.
The justification in favour of the above argument is that Biblical narratives are characterised by human realism offering tangible role models for youths to identify with, thus offering outlets to any kind of personal quest. At the same time, they highlight, mainly through the events of Jesus life and actions, a mode of existence surpassing the limitations of oneself acquiring real meaning only through one's relationship with one's fellow beings as well as God Himself.
This endearing way of relationship with man's fellow beings sharply contrasts with the demands of the prevalent global icon for power and mastery offering a radical alternative over the prevailing existential deadlocks.
The new type of school, structured upon the principles of constructivism has the capability and obligation to teach this indisputably humanitarian speech. The educator, as as inspirational figure within a classroom with external influences and information, is called upon to guide their pupil, commencing from current experience to deconstruct the information deriving from the Biblical event and redefine it in relation to the present and their personal desideratum.
The Biblical narratives on bread multiplication were selected as a case study since 'bread 'is a familiar commodity in the youngsters' daily lives and also constitutes an identity element of Christianity with multiple religious meanings.


A certification process usually consists in analyzing, in a restricted amount of time a, potentially very large, set of documents that are intended to convince the auditor that the documented system fulfills all its requirements. The MIMOSA Project presented in this paper introduces a model driven certification process based on the key concepts of argumentation step, patterns and composition. The aim is: at first, to structure the documentation provided as evidences of the good properties of the system, and then to check this structure against identified argumentation patterns that will help identifying lacks or misuse of elements. Ar-gumentation step and composition principles as well as a set of patterns for arguing about real-time properties are given along with their expression in a prototype tool, that offers to describe the architecture, requirements and argumentation in a common language and then offers to compute some basic checks on the argumentation structure.


Radical Childhoods: Schooling and the Struggle for Social Change considers two community-based schooling initiatives: the Socialist Sunday Schools (SSSs), which were founded in the 1890s, and Black...


The motion of the fluid in the tank with rectangular shape is considered under a constant horizontal disturbing force . Investigations have done in view of the forced oscillations of the free surface for the period of the first fluid burst. Presented experimental model of the tank with a net phase separator  allows to assess the reorientation nature of the liquid free surface. Numerical calculations of the hydrodynamic parameters of the liquid have been obtained . Based on these results , a comparative analysis of numerical calculations with experimental data have been presented.


W e read with interest the editorial of Clare Barrington on our recent article, evaluating the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Transgender Persons Referred to an Italian Center for Total Sex Reassignment Surgery. We would like to comment on the role of health assistance disparities for transgender people worldwide. Experiences of transphobic discrimination and victimization negatively impact on mental health, and the lack of social support has been found to be associated with a higher rate of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To accurately assess the prevalence of HIV infection and of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the transgender population, it is essential to create centers that can offer a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and adequate support to these patients. The Italian experience of Osservatorio Nazionale sull'Identità di Genere (national observatory for gender identity; www.onig.it) is an example of cooperation of 7 centers for the diagnosis, support and health care of transgender people. Unfortunately, Osservatorio Nazionale sull'Identità di Genere is especially addressed to the people who intend to undergo sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and therefore a part of transgender individuals who give up on surgery


By direct x-ray photoemission electron microscopy imaging, we probe current-induced domain wall motion in 20nm thick CoFeB wires. We observe transverse walls for all wire widths up to 1500nm as a consequence of the small saturation magnetization of the material. High critical current densities above 1×1012A∕m2 for wall displacement due to the spin transfer torque effect are found. The critical current densities jc increase further with decreasing wire width indicating that jc is governed by extrinsic pinning due to edge defects. In addition to wall displacements, we observe wall transformations to energetically favorable wall types due to heating. Owing to the high Curie temperature though, the sample temperature stays below the Curie temperature even for the highest current densities where structural damage sets in.


For the past two decades she has rarely been off our screens. A former nurse, in recent years she has swapped a life as a stand up comic for domestic bliss bringing up her two preschool children. Peter Cross talked to Jo Brand.


This paper presents the characteristics of a medium-frequency (MF) power apparatus with a thread-type magnetic core that is made of iron threads surrounded by an insulator. The advantage of the thread-type core is that it improves the power density and efficiency of the electric power apparatus at a high frequency range. An MF transformer is numerically analyzed using a finite element method as an application of a power apparatus with a thread-type core. The effectiveness of reducing the size of the power apparatus is shown by comparing the power apparatus to a transformer with a laminated core.


The present paper reviews the development of some of our ideas of how physiological stimuli on the gastrointestinal tract contribute to the onset of satiety. The various signals originating from the gut caused by stretch, osmo-concentration or specific chemical stimuli must be relayed to the brain, either neurally or hormonally, to be integrated with post-absorptive signals from other sites including the brain itself. to produce a response, which will also take into account the animal's previous experience. the importance of the different signals varying with the feeding regimen. In free-feeding animals, individual meal size varies and relatcs to the succeeding inter-meal interval (Le Magnen, 1983). so that long-term intake can be adjusted by the number of meals. In animals that are meal-fed once or twice daily, long-term intake relates to meal size, which must involve a learned anticipation of metabolic requirements. As the meal terminates long before absorption is complete, meal size will be largely signalled from the gastrointestinal tract. must of the


We present the mathematical foundation for a point source method to solve some inverse acoustic and electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems in three dimensions. We investigate the inverse acoustic scattering problem by a sound-soft and a sound-hard scatterer and the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem by a perfect conductor. Two independent approaches to the method are presented which reflect its strong relation to basic properties of obstacle scattering problems.


The continued decentralization of metropolitan areas has replaced the well-defined daily urban systems of the 1960s with complex, overlapping commuting fields. This report analyzes county-to-county commuting flows in Minnesota and counties in adjacent states to evaluate changes in the state's urban systems between 1960 and 1990. Findings confirm that inter-county commuting has increased dramatically, from 7% in 1960 to nearly 19% in 1990. The rate of growth is diminishing, but the total number of commuters is considerable. In 1990, over 70,000 workers commuted to the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) from Greater Minnesota. Results of a multivariate statistical procedure, factor analysis, confirm that exurban counties between the Twin Cities and nearby regional centers have been drawn into a complex web of interconnected, overlapping urban systems. These findings support the hypothesis that the daily work journey is creating an interdependent network of urban systems in the densely settled portions of the state. The increasing gap between the seven-county TCMA and the practical extent of the Twin Cities underscores the question whether the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Council should expand to include counties connected by the daily flow of workers to the Twin Cities.


Plasma membrane receptors play fundamental roles in shaping plant growth and development. A large proportion of these are autophosphorylating Ser/Thr kinases (De Smet et al., 2009). Some function as dualspecificity kinases, autophosphorylating additionally on Tyr residues, one of which is the extensively studied steroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1; Oh et al., 2009). Light regulation of plant growth also is mediated by plasma membrane-bound Ser/Thr kinases known as the phototropins (phots; Fankhauser and Christie, 2015). Seed plants contain two phots (phot1 and phot2) that have important roles in regulating leaf positioning and expansion, chloroplast photorelocation movement, stomatal opening, and phototropism, all of which serve to optimize photosynthetic efficiency (Christie et al., 2015). Phots are members of the AGCVIII kinase family (Rademacher and Offringa, 2012) but are distinct from transmembrane receptor kinases such as BRI1, as they are hydrophilic and bind to the intracellular side of the plasma membrane (Kong et al., 2013) to initiate signaling (Preuten et al., 2015). Although the ability to associate with the plasma membrane is conserved in algal phots (Sullivan et al., 2016a), the mechanism underlying this attachment is still not known, but it is thought to involve some form of lipid binding/ modification. Kinase-inactive versions of phot1 and phot2 are nonfunctional, highlighting the importance of receptor autophosphorylation in phot signaling (Inoue et al., 2008a, 2011). Autophosphorylation occurs predominantly on multiple Ser residues. At least 21 and 29 phosphorylation sites have been identified for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phot1 and phot2, respectively (Christie et al., 2015). Most of these sites are found in the N terminus of the protein, which contains two light-sensing modules known as LIGHT, OXYGEN, OR VOLTAGE SENSING (LOV) domains known as LOV1 and LOV2 (Christie et al., 2012). Autophosphorylation of Ser-350, Ser-376, and Ser-410 within the LOV-linker region promotes the binding of 14-3-3 regulatory proteins to phot1 (Inoue et al., 2008a; Sullivan et al., 2009). However, the biological significance of this interaction is still not known. The occurrence of some these phosphorylation sites also is fluence rate dependent (Salomon et al., 2003) and is thought to play a role in receptor desensitization (Christie and Murphy, 2013). By contrast, the autophosphorylation of two conserved Ser residues within the activation loop of the C-terminal kinase domain (Ser-849 and Ser-851 in phot1 and Ser-761 or Ser-763 in phot2) is necessary for receptor signaling (Inoue et al., 2008a, 2011). Mutation of these sites to Ala impairs phot1 function in Arabidopsis, whereas phosphomimetic substitutions to Asp are without effect (Inoue et al., 2008a).


The book includes reports read at the conference in memory of Vladimir Pavlovich Gudkov (Moscow State University, Faculty of Philology, May 24-25, 2021), a well- known Russian Serbocroatist, who from 1991 to 2010 was the head of the Department of Slavic Philology of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. In addition to articles covering various aspects of V.P.Gudkov's activity as a teacher, the book includes works related to his academic interests in the field of linguistics and literary studies. The book is intended for philologists, including students, Slavists and Russianists.


Background The IMPROVE-IT trial showed that the clinical benefit of statin/ezetimibe combination appeared to be pronounced in patients with prior statin therapy. We hypothesized that the antiatherosclerotic effect of atorvastatin/ezetimibe combination was pronounced in patients with statin pretreatment. Methods In the prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter PRECISE-IVUS trial, 246 patients undergoing intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to atorvastatin/ezetimibe combination or atorvastatin alone. The dosage of atorvastatin was uptitrated with a treatment goal of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to below 70 mg/dl in both groups. Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound was performed at baseline and 9–12 month follow-up to quantify the coronary plaque response in 202 patients. We compared the intravascular ultrasound endpoints in all subjects, stratified by the presence or absence of statin pretreatment. Results The baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (100.7 ± 23.1 mg/dl vs. 116.4 ± 25.9 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and lathosterol (55 (38 to 87)) µg/100 mg total cholesterol vs. 97 (57 to 149) µg/100 mg total cholesterol, p < 0.001) was significantly lower, and campesterol/lathosterol ratio (3.9 (2.4 to 7.4) vs. 2.6 (1.5 to 4.1), p < 0.001) was significantly increased in patients with statin pretreatment. Contrary to the patients without statin pretreatment (−1.3 (−3.1 to −0.1)% vs. −0.9 (−2.3 to 0.9)%, p = 0.12), the atorvastatin/ezetimibe combination showed a significantly stronger reduction in delta percent atheroma volume, compared with atorvastatin alone, in patients with statin pretreatment (−1.8 (−3.6 to −0.3)% vs. −0.1 (−1.6 to 0.8)%, p = 0.002). Conclusion Compensatory increase in cholesterol absorption observed in statin-treated patients might attenuate the inhibitory effects of statins on coronary plaque progression. A low-dose statin/ezetimibe combination might be a promising option in statin-hyporesponder.


Two important parameters of solar cell is diode ideality factor(n) and reverse saturation current(IO). According to the operation of a photovoltaic cell, the short circuit current is directly proportional to the intensity and open circuit voltage is directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the intensity. The open circuit voltage follows the relationship: equation Where we can see both ideality factor and reverse saturation current are related with the open circuit voltage generation which is ultimately reflected in the maximum voltage or maximum power point tracker (mppt) point. Thus there a closed loop on n and IO of a PV cell is needed for their impact in operation in field conditions, as the input of inverter sense the grid which is controlled by VOC of PV module. So there need a study on the characteristics of n and IO at variable intensity point. The main aim of this paper is to describe this study on two commercial silicon modules, both in laboratory and field condition. The studies indicated the evaluation technique of n and IO and their impact in power exporting in the grid connected system.


We reconsider the result that efficient taxation involves a lower marginal tax on secondary earners than on primary earners. Introducing labor force participation responses into the analysis, we show that a second-earner tax allowance is better than selective marginal tax rates.


The feasibility of solar assisted air-conditioning in an office building under Tripoli weather conditions is investigated in this paper. A single-effect lithium bromide absorption cycle powered by means of flat-plate solar collectors was modeled in order to predict the potential of the solar energy share. The cooling load profile was generated by using a detailed hourly based program and typical meteorological year for Tripoli. System performance and solar energy fraction were calculated by varying two major parameters (collector's slope angle and collector area).The maximum solar fraction of 48% was obtained by means of 1400 m 2 of collector surface area. Analysis of results showed that, besides the collector surface area, the main factors affecting the solar fraction were the local weather conditions (intensity of incident solar radiation) and the time of day when the plant was operated.


An introduction to a reprint of the article "Art and Technology in a Social Vacuum," by Amy Goldin, which was originally printed in the March-April 1972 issue of the periodical "Art in America" is presented, dealing with topics including how technology began influencing art in the 1960s and insights on exhibitions that took place at the LACMA (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) in the 1970s.


In this paper the author presents research into the role of religion in the modern world and attempts to answer the question why students should know about religion, and particularly why religion should be taught in schools. He also presents research into young people's perspectives on the role of religion in European school systems while at the same time offering a justification for compulsory Religious Education. The arguments are based on international and European legislation, experiences of different countries and the findings of two different researches in Greece published for the first time. Furthermore, the author offers a proposal for compulsory Religious Education which is necessarily based on the constructivist theory according to pedagogical practice in Europe. Finally, the paper stresses the existence of the right to withdraw from Religious Education and the author illustrates the consequences of such a practice.


Performance measurement system is an instrument that supports better organizational performance. This theme has evolved over time, while systems have become multidimensional and intent on projecting the future. In addition, in an open system logic, the understanding of the stakeholders becomes relevant to a performance measurement system. For this reason, the system model called Prism de Performance draws attention because it is based on stakeholders. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the perception of public managers who work in the implementation of strategic planning and performance on performance measurement systems, with an emphasis on the Performance Prism. Through a questionnaire data were obtained and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis statistical model. As a result, it was found that the focus on stakeholders is considered important for a dimension of a performance measurement system and that the Performance Prism is not known by professionals who work with the implementation of strategic planning and monitoring of results, even though the model is applicable to non-profit entities.


Objective. To report the in utero diagnosis of a duplicated gallbladder. Methods. Obstetric sonography was performed at 2 separate referral centers. A comprehensive level II examination was performed at each center. Results. In both cases, a duplicated gallbladder was detected in utero without the presence of other anatomic abnormalities. Conclusions. Gallbladder duplication, although uncommon, should be considered when an additional cystic structure is seen in the right upper quadrant. Recognition of the presence of a duplicated gallbladder, a relatively benign condition, prevents invoking a more serious diagnosis, such as a choledochal or duodenal duplication cyst.


More than 156 marine paleo-reservoirs (or residual oil reservoirs) and hydrocarbon shows are found in the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine strata of the northern margin of the Jiangnan-Xuefeng uplift, southern China. In this paper, the characteristics and distributions of marine paleo-reservoirs are statistically analyzed. It is suggested that paleo- reservoirs and hydrocarbon shows were controlled by the ancient uplift and its tectonic evolution. These paleo-reservoirs and hydrocarbon shows in different marine strata have different characteristics and distributions. Paleo-reservoirs and bituminous shows appear mainly in the Ediacaran system of the Neoproterozoic and Lower Paleozoic, and oil and gas shows occur predominantly in the Permian and Triassic, which is obviously related to the development of source rocks and thermal evolution of hydrocarbon. The paleo-reservoir bitumen and hydrocarbons fill predominantly in the fractures and pores of carbonate and clastic reservoirs, which are controlled by the characteristics of original reservoirs and their succeeding transforma- tion with the tectonic evolution, respectively. As estimated by the reservoir scale sequential method, the marine strata hold approximately 368 × 10 8 tonnes of total geological reserves in place of an initial crude oil in the northern margin of the Jiangnan-Xuefeng uplift.


Crystallization in concentrated aqueous solutions of the alcohol ethoxylate diblock copolymers C 11 E 40 , C 15 E 39 and C 17 E 40 (where C = methylene or methyl and E = oxyethylene) has been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and rheology. It is shown that the gel phase formed in these materials has body-centred cubic (bcc) symmetry, and that the bec structure can be macroscopically oriented by large amplitude oscillatory shear. At concentrations above about 55 wt.-% copolymer, crystallization of the poly(oxyethylene) block occurs at low temperatures, and the effect of crystallization from the oriented bec structure of a 70 wt.-% solution is examined using SAXS/WAXS. Crystallization induces a second phase separation, i.e. the semicrystalline lamellar structure resulting from poly(oxyethylene)-block crystallization is incommensurate with the oriented bec structure, with which it coexists at low temperatures. However, crystallization produces an unoriented lamellar structure. WAXS indicates that the poly(oxyethylene) in the diblock copolymer crystallizes in its usual (helical) form.


Social coordination involves the interpersonal matching of thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as the synchronization of rhythms and roles with other people. Coordination effects are evident in product preferences, product usage, buyer-seller interactions, and a host of other consumer experiences. Such forms of coordination often occur automatically, without conscious effort, making the sensory experience of complex social dynamics feel easier. Here, we review existing and emerging research on coordination effects and outline three routes by which automatic social coordination may proceed. We also consider the basic function of coordination mechanisms, why effective coordination is associated with feelings of effortlessness, and why these feelings may lead to both positive and negative consequences. We conclude that the ubiquity and utility of social coordination mark it as a fundamental property of social interaction.


This report summarizes the Workshop on Scenario-Based Round-Trip Engineering held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, on October 16, 2000, in conjunction with the International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 2000). The workshop consisted of a keynote and seven presentations, which were organized into three sessions: From Interaction Diagrams to State Machines, Forward Engineering, and Reverse Engineering. Altogether nine position papers were accepted. The workshop web page, including the papers, the presentations, and the electronic version of this report, can be found at <http://www.cs.uta.fi/~cstasy/oopsla2000/workshop.html>.


Submitted for the DPP12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Anisotropic heat transport in reversed shear configurations: shearless Cantori barriers and nonlocal transport D. BLASEVSKI, University of Texas, Austin, D. DEL-CASTILLO-NEGRETE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory — Heat transport in magnetized plasmas is a problem of fundamental interest in controlled fusion. In Ref.1 we proposed a Lagrangian-Green's function (LG) method to study this problem in the strongly anisotropic (χ⊥ = 0) regime. The LG method bypasses the need to discretize the transport operators on a grid and it is applicable to general parallel flux closures and 3-D magnetic fields. Here we apply the LG method to parallel transport (with local and nonlocal parallel flux closures) in reversed shear magnetic field configurations known to exhibit robust transport barriers in the vicinity of the extrema of the q-profile. By shearless Cantori (SC) we mean the invariant Cantor sets remaining after the destruction of toroidal flux surfaces with zero magnetic shear, q′ = 0. We provide numerical evidence of the role of SC in the anomalously slow relaxation of radial temperature gradients in chaotic magnetic fields with no transport barriers. The spatio-temporal evolution of temperature pulses localized in the reversed shear region exhibits non-diffusive self-similar evolution and nonlocal effective radial transport. 1D. del-Castillo-Negrete, and L. Chacón, Phys. Rev. Lett., 106, 195004 (2011); Phys. Plasmas 19, 056112 (2012). Diego del-Castillo-Negrete Oak Ridge National Laboratory Date submitted: 17 Jul 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


The open-economy dimension is central to the discussion of the trade-offs that monetary policy faces in an increasingly integrated world. I investigate the monetary policy transmission mechanism in a two-country workhorse New Keynesian model where policy is set according to Taylor (in: Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy, vol 39, pp. 195–214, 1993) rules. I find that a common monetary policy isolates the effects of trade linkages on the cross-country dispersion alone, and that the establishment of a currency union as a means of deepening policy integration may lead to indeterminacy. I argue that the common (coordinated) monetary policy equilibrium is the relevant benchmark for policy analysis showing that open economies tend to experience lower macro volatility, a flatter Phillips curve, and more accentuated trade-offs between inflation and slack. Moreover, the trade elasticity often magnifies the effects of trade integration (globalization) beyond what conventional measures of trade openness would imply. I also discuss how other features such as the strength of a common anti-inflation bias in policymaking, technological diffusion across countries, and the sensitivity of labor supply to real wages influence the quantitative effects of policy and openness in this context. Finally, I conclude that these theoretical predictions are largely consistent with the stylized facts of the Great Moderation.


Near space airship is important for military application and can be used for battlefield monitoring,alarming,communication,globe fast-speed hit and so on.Introduce the airship application and technologies of USA,Europe,Russia,Japan,Korean,Israel and so on.Sum up the main problems of near space airship development,such as location and position maintenance,control,power of sustainable aviation,and heat problems of near space.Then,put forward the key technologies,such as aviation control,high efficiency and soft solar battery with pellicle,energy rebirth fuel battery and material utilization.


Objective To investigate the function and development of inclusive emergency department.Methods Clinical material of our emergency center from January,2002 to December,2003 were reviewed.3284 times of ambulance were departure for the prehospital care,48350 cases visited the emergency center,1896 cases were admit to emergency center,3998 cases were admit to other special department of our hospital,592 cases were performed definitive operation in emergency center,among them 54 severe cases were operated on.Results The ambulance could arrive to the scene within 10 minutes if the distance in 5 kilometers.There were no death during the transport from the scene to the emergency center,success resuscitation rate was 92%.There was no death of general emergency operations.7 died after operation in 54 severe cases,morbidity was 13%.Conclusions Inclusive emergency department integrate prehospital care,resuscitation at emergency center,definitive operation and critical care.The success resuscitation rate is significantly high of the critical patients.The emergency medical team were trained and development.


Composition engineering, with its advantages to effectively tune semiconductor properties by regulating chemical stoichiometry, is a proven strategy to boost the efficiency and stability of ABX3 perovskite photoelectronic devices. Compared with its counterpart polycrystalline perovskite film, single crystalline is the ideal model for exploring its fundamental scientific issues. In this review, a critical overview of recent advances of the growth strategies, properties, and functional applications of multicomponent perovskite single crystals (SCs) is presented. First, the underlying advantages of composition engineering of perovskite SCs are discussed and then the different composition tuning strategies, including A‐site, B‐site, X‐site, and simultaneous A‐ and X‐site engineering, are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the benefits of composition engineering are highlighted for optimizing photovoltaic and photoelectronic devices. Lastly, controversies and remaining challenges for the development of composition engineering of perovskite SCs are discussed and a brief perspective regarding further investigation in this field is provided.


This paper records observations made in a further study of the relationship of "porphyrins" and toxin in diphtheria cultures. As reported in a recent publication (Wadsworth, Crowe and Smith, 1935), these products of growth or metabolism appear to be present or absent under identical conditions and yet to be quite distinct and separable. In these early experiments, however, the cultures examined were, for the most part, cultures of toxigenic or nontoxigenic strains grown under the conditions routinely employed for toxin production-that is, incubation at from 320 to 350C. for from seven to ten days under ordinary atmospheric conditions. The work has since been extended to include cultures grown for different periods of time and under varied conditions. Filtrates of cultures of a toxigenic strain of the diphtheria bacillus grown in infusion-free peptone medium for periods of time varying from eighteen hours to three weeks have been examined for the presence of toxin and of porphyrins. Toxicity determinations were made by both the intracutaneous method and the flocculation reaction, and ether extracts prepared according to the method of Hans Fischer-usually from 500 cc. of filtrate-were examined for absorption in the visible region of the spectrum. Selective absorption was observed for the extracts from all of the filtrates in which toxin was found. Demonstrable amounts of toxin and porphyrins usually appeared in the cultures


In our country Ecuador there is an epidemic problem in tropical areas which is dengue fever and with the passing of the years has been steadily enhanced and accentuating the cases in the population being reported by the Ministry of Public Health 80% from 2003 to 2015, this is due to the fact that the mosquito shows a behavior endemic-epidemic, progressively and its dispersion of the vector is fast. In the dengue fever exists several viral serotypes that range from type 1 to type 4, in Ecuador has been shown the emergence of three serotypes. The objective of this work is to generate strategies for prevention of this disease through solid waste management in the canton Machala. The methodology used was a bibliography collection of standards and guidelines for the prevention of dengue, a further inquiry of statistical data obtained from the 2015 cases of dengue fever present in the Canton Machala, then proceeded to go the Cato and perform inspections along with visits to connect an overview of the problem. The results obtained was to generate key strategies and easy to understanding to the community and the authorities, to be put into practice in the following temporary warm-wet. The conclusion is that in the canton Machala has not been an adequate training and communication in the community to avoid cases of dengue fever.


A considerable proportion of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhotic patients develop acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) with high short‐term mortality. It remains difficult to accurately predict short‐term prognosis in ACLF patients. The aim of the study is to develop a new prognostic model by assessing new objective variables.


Data about values are beneficial for resolving disagreements over conservation policy choices because values influence policy acceptance and compliance with conservation rules. Empirical conservation ethics integrate social science methods with conservation dilemmas to determine the origins of values and contribute new solutions to resolving debate. Using the case of genetically rescuing an inbred population of wolves as a policy exemplar, we explored (1) ethical paradigms invoked in justifying policy choices; (2) objects of moral relevance related to choices; and (3) ascriptions of responsibility for action. Discussion board posts revealed diverse ethical paradigms and ascriptions of responsibility, a strong tendency toward collectivism, and associations between some policy choices and ethical paradigms. Conservation ethics can help the conservation community better understand key human dimensions of conservation problems by providing a novel diagnostic framework for policy debate, structuring stakeholder engagement, and informing evaluation.


Objective To study biological significance of CD44v6 and p63 protein expression in buccal squamous cell carcinomas (BSCC). Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of CD44v6 and p63 protein in 52 cases of BSCC,10 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 10 cases of normal buccal mucosa,which were analyzed based on clinic and pathology characteristics.Results In normal tissue,atypical hyperplastic tissue of buccal mucosa and BSCC tissue,the expression of CD44v6 decreased gradually 90.0 % (9/10),80.0 % (8/10) and 55.8 % (29/52),respectively,and the layers of positive expression was decreased,and the expression of p63 increased gradually,30.0 % (3/10),40.0 % (4/10) and 90.4 %(47/52),respectively.The differences of their expression rates were significant (P <0.05).The expression of CD44v6 and p63 had no relationship with gender,age,tumor classification,pathological differentiation (P >0.05).CD44v6 was relevant with invasion style and lymphatic node metastasis of BSCC (P < 0.05),while p63 has no relevance with lymphatic node metastasis of BSCC (P >0.05).Conclusion CD44v6 and p63 participate in the regulation of generation and deve-lopment process of BSCC.CD44v6 can be utilized as a useful marker of BSCC for detection and prediction of prognosis.p63 play a role as oncogene,which can be a useful marker for BSCC detection.CD44v6 and p63 have independent function in generation,development,metastasis and aversion of BSCC.

Key words:
CD44v6;  p63;  Cheek;  Neoplasms, squamous cell;  Gene expression regulation; Immunohistochemistry


The growth of hydrocarbon films (C:H films) from a methane plasma and their erosion by a hydrogen plasma are investigated by means of in situ ellipsometry. The kinetic energy of the ions impinging on the surface during deposition and erosion is varied by applying a rf bias resulting in a dc self‐bias ranging from floating potential up to 100 V. In addition, the substrate temperature is varied from room temperature up to 600 K. The direct comparison between the growth and erosion indicates that the temperature dependence of the growth rate during deposition from a methane plasma is caused by the temperature‐dependent erosion due to reactions with the abundant atomic hydrogen. Furthermore, the synergistic effects between hydrogen ions and atomic hydrogen on the etch rate of C:H films are investigated. The underlying surface reactions during the erosion show up in the optical response of the deposited films as measured by ellipsometry. These results are compared with findings in the literature on the element...


Annual angiographic assessment to determine the presence or progression of allograft coronary artery disease (CAD) has been unable to modify the natural history of this disease. Coronary angioscopy is a sensitive method to detect the early presence of coronary artery disease and in a retrospective analysis severity of CAD by angioscopy correlated with the time since transplantation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate progression of coronary artery disease over a one year period in 40 cardiac transplant recipients. The progression of coronary artery disease as assessed by angioscopy is directly related to time after transplantation and therefore angioscopy may be the method of choice for detection and evaluation of therapeutic regimens to control allograft coronary artery disease.


Using TEM, we studied the amorphous phase on a BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor surface deteriorated by VUV irradiation. This paper describes growth of the amorphous phase and shows that irradiation from the a‐axis of the phosphor crystal intensively increased the growth of the amorphous phase, compared with the results of irradiation from the c‐axis.


In his liquid-turn writings, Zygmunt Bauman has come to identify liquid modernity as a period of interregnum. Education has a central role to play within the contemporary interregnum by opening up a new public sphere for dialogue. However, the processes of liquefaction manifest themselves in conditions that severely limit a person's ability to exercise their human agency. Bauman provides no indication of how the educators can escape the processes that limit agency, nor does he explain how educators can combat the seductive consumerism that students need to overcome before they can engage in a reconstruction of the public sphere.


Bleeding during and after the caesarean section because of central placental presentation is a major life-threatening complication. The advisability of the ligation of ascendant branches of uterine arteries and the constriction of the lower uterus segment as an alternative to hysterectomy has been shown on a clinical case.


Background: In addition to a variety of organic solvents, workers in many industries are also exposed to excessive noise levels. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the co-exposure effects of bandpass noise and styrene on working memory, anxiety, and locomotor activity in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used. Animals were divided into 4 groups, including the noise exposure group (1), styreneexposuregroup(750ppm), simultaneoussubacuteexposuretonoiseandstyrenegroup(100dB,750ppm), andthecontrol group. Theexposuredurationwas6hours/day,6days/weekin3consecutiveweeks. Attheendof theexposure,thelocomotoractivity and working memory were evaluated using open field test and Y-maze test, respectively. Results: Theresultsshowedthatsimultaneousexposuretonoiseandstyrenesignificantlydecreasedlocomotoractivitycompared to the control group (P < 0.0001), whereas noise and styrene alone had no significant effect on locomotor activity. Spontaneous alternation in the simultaneous exposure group showed no significant difference compared with the noise and styrene groups. Also, simultaneous exposure to styrene and noise significantly decreased working memory compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Co-exposure to noise and styrene have significant destructive effects on the brain and behaviors and these harmful effects should be considered in the workplace. However, further human and molecular studies should be conducted to clarify its accurate effects and mechanisms.


Objective To explore the effect and adverse effect of using 0.1% dicaine with tramadol and dexamethasone in postoperative epidural analgesia.Method 300 cases of the safety and danger evaluation standards of operation and aesthesia established by American Society of Anesthesia(ASA)1-2 grades were divided into Low(L),Middle(M),High(H) groups according to epidural puncture space.There was 100 cases in each group.0.1% dicaine(100ml)with tramadol(6mg/ml) and dexame thasone(10mg)were used by continual pump infusion(2ml/h) in postoperative epidural analgesia.The analgesic effect within 48 hours after operation were observed.The two evaluation methods were visual analogue score(VAS) and satisfaction degree of patient self-assessment.The adverse effects including nausea、vomiting、lower limb numbness、headache and pruritus within two days after operation were observed.Results There were satisfactory effects in all groups.The adverse effect of nausea and vomiting occurred in every group with one patient.Two patients appeared half lower limb numbness in L group.Conclusion The use of 0.1% dicaine with tramadol and dexamethasone in postoperative epidural analgesia is safe and effective.The adverse effcct is little.


Biological nervous systems are robust and highly adaptive information processing entities that excel current computer architectures in almost all aspects of sensory-motor integration. While they are slow and inefficient in the serial processing of stimuli or data chains, they outperform artificial computational systems in seemingly ordinary pattern recognition, orientation or navigation tasks. Even one of the simplest nervous systems in nature, that of the hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with just 302 neurons and less than 8,000 synaptic connections, gives rise to a rich behavioural repertoire that – among controlling vital functions encodes different locomotion modalities (crawling, swimming and jumping). It becomes evident that both robotics and information and computation technology (ICT) would strongly benefit if the working principles of nervous systems could be extracted and applied to the engineering of brain-mimetic computational architectures. C. elegans, being one of the five best-characterized animal model systems, promises to serve as the most manageable organism to elucidate the information coding and control mechanisms that give rise to complex behaviour. This short paper reviews past and present endeavours to reveal and harvest the potential of nervous system function in C. elegans.


This article explores techniques to derive the exact discrete‐time representation for data generated by a continuous‐time autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process, augmenting existing methods with a stochastic integration‐by‐parts formula. The continuous‐time ARMA(2, 1) system is considered in detail, and a mapping from the parameters of a univariate discrete‐time ARMA(2, 1) process to a univariate continuous‐time ARMA(2, 1) process observed at discrete intervals is derived. This is used to derive conditions for the embeddability of such processes.


Small Nuclear Reactors (SNR) can provide climate-neutral, stable electricity and heating if located in people's neighborhoods close to people's dwellings. The extensive use of SNR would reduce capacity requirements for energy transmission systems and increase the overall stability of energy grids. However, the public fear location of SNR close to their homes. This paper hypothesizes that the public acceptance of SNR in the neighborhood is contingent upon knowledge of technology, fear of nuclear energy (NE), trust in the government, the expected increase of future electricity needs and the expected ability of renewables to cover these needs, environmental and climate concerns, and media exposure. We rely upon representative survey data from the Czech Republic (N = 1,013, 51.2% female, aged 18–91, M ± SD: 47.7 ± 17.6; 19.6% with higher education). Methodologically we conduct exploratory Principal Component Analysis and a series of ordinal regressions. The results suggest that the knowledge of technology, trust in the government, the preference for NE expansion, and media exposure increased the acceptance of SNR, while fear of NE decreased SNR acceptance. The perceived replaceability of conventional energy sources with renewables decreased acceptance of SNR in most cases. Surprisingly, worries about climate change reduced the support for SNR. Women accept fewer SNRs located close to their residence compared to men. More educational effort is needed in the specifics of SNR technology and the environmental effects of SNR. Media proved to be an excellent way to start.


An Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADMUX) for use in a synchronous digital hierarchy telecommunications system is provided with a by-pass 15 whereby, in use, it can be made to interface with a higher bit rate transmission system.


The dynamics laws of the film growth under constant current mode in two kinds of electrolytes were studied to explore the technics of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) for AZ91D die-casting magnesium alloys. The effects of constant current density value,impulse frequency of power as well as the addition of NaF in electrolytes on growth speed and surface roughness of the films were researched. The results indicate that the growth speed of MAO film increases with rising of current density,and the surface roughness of the films increased at the same time. Moreover,the surface roughness of the films decreased with the rising of impulse frequency,but the impulse frequency nearly has no influence on the growth speed of MAO film. The addition of NaF in the electrolytes can not only increase the growth speed of MAO film but also decrease the surface roughness of MAO film.


The promoted wet air oxidation of phenol has been investigated through the addition of hydrogen peroxide as a source of free radicals. The reaction has been shown to proceed in two stages, an initial fast reaction associated with hydrogen peroxide consumption and a second slower step that occurs at a rate comparable with conventional wet air oxidation. An increase in temperature has a positive effect on both stages, while oxygen partial pressure only influences the second slower stage. The influence of pH on phenol oxidation is shown to be significant with the highest efficiency achieved at very alkaline conditions when phenol is completely dissociated. The catalytic activity of homogeneous metal salts was investigated in both the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide. The combined addition of hydrogen peroxide and a bivalent metal (ie copper, cobalt or manganese) is shown to enhance the rate of phenol removal. However, in the absence of hydrogen peroxide only copper exhibited catalytic activity. Finally, a reaction mechanism involving different radical species has been proposed. From the experimental results the apparent activation energy (96.9 ± 3.5 kJ mol−1) and pre-exponential factor (1.6 ± 0.2 1010 s−1) were calculated for hydrogen peroxide decomposition into hydroxyl radicals.

© 1999 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper introduces the connotation of the information barrier-free service, and points out that the library should make the best use of various conditions to satisfy the information needs of the group readers with special requirement.


The current trend of globalization and rapid technological change has thrown high-tech firms into a new situation. The overall corporate strategy is today often strongly related to the organiza ...


Abstract This paper analyses the stress state in a circular ring under two opposite forces on its outer boundary. The solution is obtained by using the complex variable method and the principle of superposition. Stress concentration factors are calculated for the ratio of inner and outer radii in the range 0–0.95 and are presented in tabular form.


An epitaxial heterojunction made of a p-type perovskite manganite La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 film and an n-type strontium titanate SrTiO3:Nb substrate has been fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and photovoltaic properties are measured under UV light irradiation in a wide temperature range down to 10 K. It is found that the junction acts as an efficient UV photodiode with a large external quantum efficiency of 28%. It is also demonstrated that the manganite film can be doped with a certain amount of holes by photocarrier injection. The maximum surface hole density is estimated to be 3.0×1013 cm-2.


Since mitochondrial disorders frequently present as MIMODS, the patient should have been prospectively investigated for involvement of organs other than the brain. Leighand Leighlike syndrome frequently not only manifest in the central nervous system, but also in other organs, such as the heart, gastrointestinal tract, ears, pancreas and kidneys with interindividual heterogeneity [2-5]. Results of autopsy should be provided.


Under accelerated storage conditions, the content changes of vitamin E in almonds and their effects on the quality of samples were studied by measuring their contents of vitamin E and primary quality indexes at regular intervals. The results indicated that the contents of vitamin E declined with time, and during the early course of storage vitamin E,especially δ-tocopherol had an obviously protective effect on the quality of almonds.


A linear-period-modulated (LPM) pulse is "Doppler tolerant" signal for correlation detector system, since its frequency altering property is invariant regardless of signal degradation due to Doppler distortion. A remarkable feature of this signal is no-error coupling on range velocity estimation when it is constructed symmetrically with respect to time reversal. Consequently, range and velocity of moving objects can be measured in good accuracy utilizing the double pulse structure of LPM signal.This paper describes a theory of range-velocity estimation using the LPM signal, extends it to a two-dimensional case with sensor array, and proposes a new method for velocity vector reconstruction of object motions. The validity of proposed system is confirmed by ultra-sound experiments in air. Reconstructed amplitudes indicate object motion information, and Moving Target Indication (MIT) is easily realized.


Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a constructivist learning method designed to shift the focus of time spent in the classroom from lecturing to student-led small group sessions. With the TBL method applied in the operating room, students can have the opportunity to closely observe the application of the knowledge they have acquired and even actively participate in the application. In addition, it should be kept in mind that the possibility of situations that may get out of control is higher in surgical applications.


Wildfires are a driving factor of forest soils and their biota, especially in fire-prone ecosystems. Fire effects on soil microbial community are complex and still largely unknown. Greater knowledge is needed as fire frequency is expected to increase with human-induced climate change. This study aims at assessing the effects of a single moderately severe wildfire on microbial community diversity and activity in a Mediterranean forest soil by DNA molecular screening (polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). For this purpose, the soil of a burned area was sampled 3 days and 10months after the fire and compared with the soil of an unburned contiguous area. For the DNA fingerprinting, we analyzed both extracellular and intracellular DNA fractions of the soil metagenome. The fire impact on soil was also rated in terms of selected enzyme activities, as reliable bioindicators of biogeochemical cycles. An immediate fire-induced general decrease in enzyme activities and more durable changes in the bacterial and fungal communities structure were found, although microbial biomass was not significantly affected. Litter layer was completely turned to char and ash by the fire, but after 10 months, it showed a fair amount of DNA, a structured microbial community, and a good enzymatic activity. Overall, such relatively fast recovery was likely caused by the microbial biomass that survived the fire, which evidently adapted to the new soil conditions.


In this paper, we study a multiple class discriminatory processor-sharing queue. The queue is assumed to have Poisson input and exponentially distributed service times. In this discipline there are K classes of customers. When there are ni customers present in the system of class ii = 1, ', K, each member of class j receives a fraction of the server's capacity given by αj/∑i=1Kniαi. Thus, associated with class i customers is a weight αi which determines the level of service discrimination. For this problem, we find the moments of the queue-length distribution as a solution of linear simultaneous equations. We also prove a heavy traffic limit theorem for the joint queue-length distribution for this queue.


Moral education, as an important part of education, in long - term of teaching process, is usually, limited in preaching and empty theories,and it's hard to pierce through the whole art teaching. It restricts educational overall development of art,and it's difficult to adjust to the development of school reforming work.Moraleducation should stress enjoying beauty,open"entersive cultural scene" of education so as to improve the students' well- rounden development.


Smoke‐free tobacco via moist oral snuff (snus) is used daily in more than 20% of Swedish men. Negative effects of cigarette smoking on sperm parameters are well documented, unlike for snuff, despite relevance also for other smoke‐free nicotine products.


Methoxyflurane reduced the total developed tensions of isolated guinea pig atria and isolated cat papillary muscle but did not change the rate of spontaneous beating of isolated atria. The staircase phenomenon and postextrasystolic potentiation appeared not to be affected when the increases in developed tension were expressed as percentages of the preceding values. These effects are similar to those reported for halothane. Unlike halothane, methoxyflurane did not produce significant changes in the increases of developed tension induced in papillary muscle by high-voltage electrical stimulation or tyramine or in the effective refractory period of papillary muscle.


The trouble with nursing research is that there are not enough nurses committed to it. Nursing suffers from the false perception that nurses are technical care givers and the focus in health care today is on treatment and medical conditions. Researching and identifying 'nursing' does not have the status of other subject areas such as the biological and social sciences. Nurses are generally not thought of as scholars and creative thinkers. This view leads to nursing knowledge being devalued.


In this paper two models of eddy current sensor have been presented. They are base don a one- and multi-turn coil model. The results of computer simulations present a relation of eddy current density on nonferromagnetic conducting materials versus some parameters viz: a coil radius, frequency of excitation current and conductivity of material.


Farmers often buy water using fixed fees—rather than with marginal prices. We use two randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh to study the relationship between marginal prices, adoption of a water-saving technology, and water usage. Our first experiment shows that the technology only saves water when farmers face marginal prices. Our second experiment finds that an encouragement to voluntarily convert to hourly pumping charges does not save water. Taken together, efforts to conserve water work best when farmers face marginal prices, but simply giving an option for marginal pricing is insufficient to trigger water-saving investments and reduce irrigation demands. (JEL O13, Q12, Q15, Q16, Q25)


The paper deals with how to manage the dependability of a distributed information system (DIS), in the presence of inaccuracies and partial knowledge of system models pertaining to failures of infrastructure components. The computational parts of a DIS are faced with two types of uncertainties: at 'information level' due to the multi-dimensional nature of measurement data emanating from the external environment (i.e., the physical world), and at 'control level' due to the incompleteness in knowledge about the application model for processing the measured data. These uncertainties have a compounded effect on the robustness of decisionmaking in the applications running on a DIS. Based on service-layer abstractions, the paper identifies applicationoriented metrics to quantify the quality of information flowing through a DIS. Suitable high-level quality metrics enable reasonably accurate decision-making by the application-layer control algorithms. Our approach is useful in the probabilistic management of: i) peer-to-peer communication assurance, and ii) fault-tolerance against component failures.


Freshly harvested spores of Glomus mosseae from roots of red clover were allowed to germinate on agar media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 50.0 ppm Zn. Germination continued for at least 12 days in all treatments except at the highest treatment rate of Zn in which no spores germinated. The percentage of spores germinated after 12 days was greater in treatments receiving 0.1 to 1.0 ppm Zn than in treatments where no Zn was added, but at higher concentrations spore germination was inhibited. Soybean plants were grown in 10 kg nonsterile soil in plastic containers in a greenhouse. The soil was amended with ZnSO/sub 4/ to provide 0, 18, 45, and 135 ppm Zn on a dry soil weight basis. After amendments were made, soil tests for available Zn indicated 0.60, 0.66, 1.55, and 4.18 ppm Zn respectively. Following 7 weeks growth, the soybean roots were harvested and the number of infections per cm of root determined. The number of infections was significantly increased by the lowest rate of added Zn but higher rates of added Zn resulted in decreased infection by G. mosseae. Tests for available Zn in the soil appear to be accurate asmore » there was good agreement between the rates of Zn which influenced spore germination in vitro and the rates of available Zn in soil which influenced infection of roots.« less


Whole atmosphere chemistry‐climate model (CCM) transient studies require a solar spectral irradiance (SSI) time series with very broad wavelength coverage with an uninterrupted daily cadence over a full solar cycle time period. Herein is described the construction of a SSI record valid over Solar Cycles 23 and 24 (SC23 and SC24) specifically designed to provide: (1) a daily solar spectrum from SORCE (Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment) observations from 208–2400 nm over the 2003 to 2015 time frame, (2) a wavelength extension of this spectrum out to 10000 nm from daily spectral synthesis from the Solar Radiation Physical Model (SRPM), (3) SRPM gap‐filled spectra during the extended SORCE safe‐hold time period (Aug 2013–March 2014) and back to Solar Cycle 23 maximum conditions in 2001 and 2002, (4) analysis of solar images generated by the Precision Solar Photometric Telescope (PSPT) network from the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) and Rome Observatory (OAR) (These images act both as input to the SRPM model and as a stand‐alone proxy of solar variability.), (5) documentation of uncertainties and biases in the time series as a function of wavelength, and (6) comparative analysis of the SORCE time series with SRPM over the full wavelength range of the data set.


Through the investigation of rutting at a section of asphalt pavement in Jiangsu province,it is helpful for deep discussion on the rut forming mechanisms of pavements by analyzing the thickness of each layer in asphalt pavements,the void ratio,the asphalt content and the gradation of mixture with the theory analysis of pavement structure.


The paper presents measured dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles in an Iraqi river in the vicinity of Baghdad City. The effect of the effluent discharges from Baghdad Sewage Treatment Plant on the DO profiles in the river is considered. Several mathematical models are fitted to the field measurements. Modifications are introduced into a reaeration rate model in order to calibrate it for conditions in the river. Conclusions are drawn regarding the self-purification and sanitation of the river.


This bookexplores Information theory (IT) tools, which have become state of the art to solve and understand better many of the problems in visualization. This book covers all relevant literature up to date. It is thefirst book solely devoted to this subject, written by leading experts in the field.


The topography of Southern mountains RuHe basin is plain,tableland and platform,abundance and lack of available p in soil indicators is below average,but rapidly-available potassium abundant and lack index above average content is 146.6mg/kg and production levels of about 600 kg/667m2,rapidly-available potassium is 24.5 mg/kg with relative yield 90%,it is suggested that applying P2O5content of 8 ~ 10 kg/667m2,and K2O content of 0 ~ 4 kg/667m2.


By considering the diffusion of particles in a suspensoid as a Markoff process, it has been possible to obtain a flux vector for particle diffusion that is sufficiently general to be applicable to continuous phase flow in both the laminar and turbulent regimes. For a uniform particle size distribution, this flux vector leads to a coupled pair of partial differential equations governing the formation and growth of the suspended phase. Through the use of ensemble averages these equations have been extended to the cases of non-uniform particle size distributions and have been coupled to similar equations describing heat transfer within the particles and heat and mass transport in the surrounding continuous phase. The equations provide a connection between the behaviour of single particles and the behaviour of a collection of particles, as well as taking into account the effects of nucleation, particle growth and coalescence in dilute suspensions.


The Authors have tried Althesin as a medicine for the induction and maintainement of the narcosis in the stomatological, maxillo-facial and extra and intra-oral surgery. They have deduced that CT 1341 does not constitute to the anaesthetics Ethrane and Fluothane because of the anaesthetic-level instability (restlessness of the patient and clonic movements of the limbs during the most painful operations in particular). The Authors, supporters of the balanced anaesthesia, suggest using Althesin in the narcosis induction, the maintaining of which is carried on by the N.L.A. type II medicine and by the Ethrane or Fluothane. The latest ones are to be given in very small, not dangerous quantities. The Authors have so obtained a remarkable oxygenation of the patient, a ready, calm and lucid awakening without any collateral and dangerous consequences.


It is probably neither unjust nor inaccurate to describe the change in academic focus in regard to drug trials in the past decade as a shift from a primarily fact-gathering and hypothesis-oriented posture to one that is increasingly attuned to the legal and ethical niceties of drug research. I believe the major impetus for this change to have come from two main sources: the Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962 (and the consequent FDA regulations implementing this legislation) and the NIH policy decision in 1966 to demand institutional scrutiny of human research protocols as a prerequisite for NIH support of such research. Within the scope of a few short years, academic institutions that previously had given little thought to such monitoring or that had been content with the sort of informal monitoring that occurred from the proximity of critical peers or in the public forum of the medical literature, suddenly were forced to adopt a more formal, structured, legalistic approach, with committees, forms, review mechanisms, et cetera, where none had existed before. For pharmacologically minded clinical investigators, there were additional implications. Research with new drugs (at least those that crossed state boundaries and were thus subject to FDA regulations), previously conducted on a relatively unfettered basis, was now restricted in a variety of ways. Preclinical toxicity tests had to be filed by the sponsor of a new drug before the agent went into the first human. If the academician was the sponsor, this could mean arranging for preclinical work to be done that ordinarily was not his responsibility or within his area of expertise. If the data were not already available, it was necessary to arrange for the expensive and time-consuming animal testing to be done somewhere. Papers had to be filed and careful records kept, not only to satisfy the requirements of the investigator, but also those of a federal regulatory agency. Records could not be destroyed before a specified period of years had elapsed. Consent forms had to be developed and written consent was generally required, where no formal consent or at best verbal consent had formerly sufficed. The impact was clearly felt. Complaints were voiced about excessive red tape, about anticipated law suits, about infringements on the patient-doctor relationship, and on the freedom of the investigator. Some investigators gave up new drug research, temporarily or for good. On the other hand, clear benefits also accrued. Protocols that seemed needlessly or unjustifiably risky were much more likely to be flagged and halted, a development that represented a considerable safeguard for the public. Researchers found their colleagues unwilling to accept allegations that consent should at times be waived because "the patients [or their families] just won't understand what we're trying to do." Procedures had to be justified as necessary, rather than as simply scientifically "interesting." Today, however, despite all these changes and a great deal of talk and writ-


Commission with families and friends recollecting those who were bludgeoned to death by the forces of the racist state? A single-authored literary history, Southern African Literatures covers work from the expression of stone-age Bushmen to that of writers such as Gordimer, Brink, Breytenbach, and Coetzee. In considering the questions of what constitutes a usable past, what value may be assigned to traditional, elite, and popular forms, generally how after apartheid one might understand the linguistic and cultural complexity of the southern African region, the study inherited a literary culture that had been constructed upon assumptions of linguistic-racial exclusivities. I use the term "assumptions" rather than "principles": although a few critics have consistently called for "integrative study," the practice?a practice very short on theory?has favored surveys, anthologies, and histories delineated according to the several languages and races of the region. There are in consequence separate studies of Afrikaans litera ture, South African English literature, Zulu literature, Xhosa literature, Sotho literature, a few on white writing, and a few on black writing.2 Southern African Literatures, in contrast, presents a single though multi vocal narrative based on principles of comparison and translation. In crossing language and race barriers it asks questions such as: would Xhosa expression have developed the way it did had it not encountered a British settler presence on its ancient land? Conversely, would South


Rattanachuay, P., Kantachote, D. and Suntinanalert, P. Selection of proteolytic bacteria with ability to inhibit Vibrio harveyi during white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation


The principle and application of high temperature oxidation of metal and the composition design of hot rollring cemented carbide have been introduced.It has also been indicated that the rolling performance of cemented carbide can be improved with rare earth addition.


A detailed study of the lasing of a promising surgical 1.44 micrometers Nd:YAG laser was done. This wavelength provides practically the same effects in laser emission - tissue as compared to 2 micrometers holmium lasers, but demonstrates the better operation in a high average power, high pulse repetition rate mode. The physical properties of the laser are discussed to solve the problem of the increasing the efficiency of operation.


The free electron lifetime is a key factor in determining the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Open-circuit voltage-decay (OCVD) suggested by Zaban is a useful technique to provide continuous reading of the electron lifetime as a function of device's open-circuit voltage (Voc), but the data processing has never been studied in order to get high accuracy electron lifetime value from the high resolution decaying voltage data. In this manuscript, we introduce the variable rank differential smoothing (VRDS) technique in the electron lifetime data processing. We find it can lessen data loss and give highly accurate electron lifetime value in the range of Voc decaying. We also get the effective recombination order values based on the VRDS technique, which indicate different potential processes due the two different values. These results show the detail kinetics information and microscopic device physic characteristics, which are very important to understand the device working mechanism and meaningful for realizing higher performance solar cells.


AURADELIA FEBRIANI PAHAN. Solvent Extraction of Calophylum Oil and Resin Using Hexane-Methanol Mixture. Supervised by IKA AMALIA KARTIKA Calophyllum seeds contain high oil content (51.19%), so they are potential to be used as raw material source for vegetable oil production. Calophyllum seeds contain also resin containing beneficial phenolic compound for health. In this study, calophyllum seeds were extracted using hexane-methanol mixture to obtain oil and resin. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of process condition on oil and resin yields and their physicochemical characteristic, and to obtain the best process condition in oil and resin production from calophyllum seeds. Experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Design with 3 factors, i.e. extraction time (5-7 hours), temperature (40-50°C) and hexane to methanol ratio (4:2, 3:3 and 2:4). The result of variance analysis showed extraction time affected significantly oil yield, temperature affected resin yield and hexane to methanol ratio affected oil and resin yield and acid value of oil. Best oil and resin yields were respectively obtained on 5 h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 4:2 hexane to methanol ratio, and 5 h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 2:4 hexane to methanol ratio. At these conditions, the oil had acid value of 12.4 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 126.6 g iodine/100 g and density of 0.885 g/mL. The resin had acid value of 184.8 mg KOH/g and its value was accorded with resin standard of gondorukem.


The solid-state structures of di-iron µ-ketene complexes [{Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)2}2(µ-CH2CO)](1) and [{Fe(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2}2(µ-CH2CO)](2) and of a reference complex, [{Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)2}2(µ-CH2CH2CO)](3), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In accord with previous spectroscopic studies, the geometry of the bridging ketene ligands reflects three resonance structures. In particular, the contribution of the π-complex form is verified based on the observations that the CH2–CO bond is shortened and the CH2CO bond is elongated compared with the situation in complex (3) which lacks the π-complex form. The geometry around the metal centres is determined by the need to minimize steric repulsions among ancillary ligands, and does not reflect orbital interactions.


Abstract. Optimization of the illumination system of an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UVLED)-based lithography system by reducing the system complexity and spatial volume has been a research focus. This work proposes a compact lithography illumination system that applies a specially designed embedded compound parabolic concentrator (ECPC) to replace the traditional collimation module and the zoom lenses module. The ECPC, comprised of two detachable parabolic surfaces, precisely collimates all light beams from the UVLED to a preset divergence angle of 6 deg and provides an adjustable lithography coherent factor. The final illumination system offers a square illumination field with a uniformity of up to 1.3% in the large coherent factor and a linearly adjustable numerical aperture in the range of 0.02  ∼  0.04. The final exposure result of 0.7  μm based on the experiment setup further verifies the performance of the designed illumination system.


The work presents a structural computational model developed for investigation of heat and air—water vapor mass exchange between the multilayer textile packages and the human body. Each fabric layer is represented by a single element, characterized by its air and water vapor permeability, thermal resistance and heat capacity, as well as, water vapor absorption properties. While characteristics of each layer are obtained experimentally, the computational model enables the prediction of the variation in time of temperature and humidity in the gaps between each pair of adjacent layers. The finite element, which represents the forced ventilation layer made of three-dimensional textile material, is created and may be used as a structural element within the overall structural model of the textile package. The element equations are derived on the basis of ideal gas state equation. The results of the measured textile layers characteristics and the numerical data are presented. Though the condensation of water vapor was not considered in this model, the time point of initiation of sweating at given heat and water vapor generation rates could be predicted.