Lichen myxedematosus (LM), also known as papular mucinosis, is a condition defined by infiltrative skin lesions with dermal mucin deposition. LM is classified into 3 separate categories: diffuse (scleromyxedema), localized and atypical. Histopathologic findings of all forms of LM are characterized by dermal mucin consisting of acid glycosaminoglycans, which accumulate either diffusely or focally in the skin. In addition, the mucin deposition may be a primary or secondary process. Diagnosis requires mucin deposition in the absence of thyroid disease. A 75-year-old Caucasian male presented to our clinic as a consult for a 3-month history of a progressively growing pruritic red plaque on his lower back. Nine months prior to his exam, he had been diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung (EGFR, ALK, ROS, RET wild type, TP53 mutation and PDL 1 positive [30%]) with metastasis to the right 8th rib, mediastinal lymph nodes and left sacral wing. He had received radiation therapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel prior to undergoing treatment with combination durvalumab and tremelimumab which was initiated 1 month prior to presentation. Physical examination was significant for a confluent, greater than 10 cm indurated erythematous to violaceous plaque with interspersed firm nodules across the sacrum and lumbar back (Figure 1A). Serological studies including beta-2 microglobulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, complete blood count and complete metabolic profile were within normal limits. Rheumatologic review of systems including oral ulcers, arthritis and photosensitivity were also negative. Punch biopsy of the lesion showed a perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes with admixed plasma cells and neutrophils (Figure 2). Increased dermal mucin with predilection for the superficial dermis was present along with the formation of microscopic pools of extracellular mucin. Anti-cytokeratin cocktail (AE1/AE3, MNF116, Zym5.2 and Cam5.2) failed to reveal carcinoma in the specimen. Gomori methenamine silver and Fite stains were negative for fungal and acid-fast organisms. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic plaque-like cutaneous mucinosis (PCM) was made. PCM is a rare atypical variant of LM characterized clinically by multiple erythematous or hyperpigmented papules coalescing into plaques typically found on the midline trunk. Histologically, mucin is usually found in circumscribed areas, especially in the upper reticular dermis, together with interspersed large stellate fibroblasts and irregularly arranged collagen bundles. Other findings include a mild to moderate perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with a variable perifollicular infiltrate, along with interstitial dermal mucin. The epidermis is generally unaffected, but may be occasionally thinned as a result of the pressure of mucin underneath. The histological differential diagnoses of cutaneous mucinosis include PCM, reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM), tumid lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, among other entities. REM and PCM share identical histopathological features, including perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic inflammation, dermal edema and interstitial mucin deposition. Clinically, while both PCM and REM involve a persistent, asymptomatic, midline eruption on the trunk, REM has a distinctive net-like erythema and central infiltration with its net-like erythema with central infiltration. Microscopic findings of tumid lupus erythematosus involve superficial and deep moderate perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates with abundant mucopolysaccharide deposition throughout the dermis. While PCM involves the trunk, tumid lupus erythematosus consists of violaceous, indurated lesions that involve the face, arms or chest. Dermatomyositis exhibits epidermal atrophy, hydropic degeneration of the basal layer, superficial perivascular inflammation and dermal mucinosis. Clinically, dermatomyositis


We report the onset of plume formation and optical breakdown in a synthetic silica glass under KrF excimer laser irradiation by luminescence spectroscopy and imaging. With increasing laser fluence, bright, highly localized luminescence due to plume formation appears on the luminescence image, and sharp lines due to Si atom fluorescence appear in the 200-300 nm region on the luminescence spectra. The SEM images on the laser-damaged region show typically two structures: (1) many small holes of the order of 1 micrometer suggesting localized vaporization, and (2) large craters of 10-100 micrometers due to spallation. The large craters have irregular shapes consistent with fracture often seen in amorphous materials.


The LTE employs OFDMA for downlink data transmission because Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scheme offers high spectral efficiency and better resistance to fading environments. In OFDMA the data is modulated using multiple number of sub-carriers that are orthogonal to each other because of which the problems associated with other modulation schemes such as Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) are reduced .In this paper the performance of OFDMA system in LTE is taken into account, Then, the main technologies are explained, together with possible improvements, their associated challenges, and some approaches have been considered .We also investigate the performance of OFDMA in LTE physical layer by considering different modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM) on the basis of PAPR, BER, power spectral density (PSD) and error probability .


complexes function in vitro to disrupt chromatin strucErythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) is necessary for ture and facilitate factor binding (Côté et al., 1994; Imbalstage-specific expression of the human b-globin gene. zano et al., 1994; Kwon et al., 1994). Multiple mammalian We show that EKLF requires a SWI/SNF–related chroSWI/SNF complexes (BAF complexes) have been identimatin remodeling complex, EKLF coactivator-remodfied and shown to be diverse in subunit composition eling complex 1 (E-RC1), to generate a DNase I hyper(Wang et al., 1996a, 1996b, 1998). The mammalian SWI/ sensitive, transcriptionally active b-globin promoter SNF (BAF) complexes contain either BRG1 or human on chromatin templates in vitro. E-RC1 contains BRG1, brahma (hbrm). These ATPases are homologous to the BAF170, BAF155, and INI1 (BAF47) homologs of yeast yeast protein SWI2/SNF2 (Khavari et al., 1993; Muchardt SWI/SNF subunits, as well as a subunit unique to and Yaniv, 1993). BAF155 (BRG1-associated factor, 155 higher eukaryotes, BAF57, which is critical for chromakDa) and BAF170 are both homologs of yeast SWI3. tin remodeling and transcription with EKLF. E-RC1 Interestingly, subunits unique to SWI/SNF–like comdisplays functional selectivity toward transcription plexes of higher eukaryotes are now being identified. factors, since it cannot activate expression of chromaFor example, BAF57 is found in mammalian complexes tin-assembled HIV-1 templates with the E box–binding (Wang et al., 1998), and its counterpart, BAP111, was protein TFE-3. Thus, a member of the SWI/SNF family identified in the Drosophila SWI/SNF–related complex acts directly in transcriptional activation and may reg(Papoulas et al., 1998). These subunits both contain an ulate subsets of genes by selectively interacting with HMG-like domain, and no such subunits are found in specific DNA-binding proteins. the yeast complexes.


Thank you for your commentary (Collares 2022) on our IRT paper (Zegota et al. 2022). We are delighted to see that the topic attracts growing attention, and we feel that discussing the issues you raised will help advance our understanding of how and when to use IRT. In this regard, we would like to emphasise that the aim of our study was to apply this method to data obtained in a key feature examination. Thus, we were actually surprised that, based on our data, we were not forced to reject the assumption of unidimensionality. The exam was designed to assess clinical reasoning competence, and given that clinical reasoning is unlikely to be a unidimensional construct, we expected a multidimensional structure (e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning) and tested this assumption with a confirmatory factor analysis. However, the scree plot in our online supplementary (as well as the modified parallel analysis) did not show any signs of multidimensionality, as the ratio between the first and second factor is quite large. Nevertheless, the idea of using dynamic cut-off values for fit indices from one-factor confirmatory factor analyses should inform future research in this area. The same applies to the suggestion to use principal component analysis of a Rasch model residual correlation matrix in order to assess local independence. Alternatives to this approach have been put forward by other authors (Toland 2014), and the decision to use one or the other will depend on the context and the research question at hand. In our opinion, the third point is the most important one as it relates to the utility of statistical analyses to medical teachers and students. We doubt that the widespread use of classical test theory analyses to characterise exam data in medical schools was preceded by an in-depth discussion of the merits and limitations of this approach. It is therefore important to provide potential users of alternative analysis types with scientific information to facilitate informed decision-making. In fact, model fit may not be the most important aspect: If the aim is to judge student's ability, it may be useful to question the Rasch assumption of all items discriminating equally well regardless of ability level. Educators may wish to characterise individual items by their ability to discriminate between overand underachievers. Although data derived from a 2PL model may be confusing at first glance, the information contained therein exceeds that obtained from classical test theory analysis. This is supported by Figure 2, in which the items show drastically varying item information curves. From our point of view, these graphs are helpful, as items with very low discrimination across the entire ability range can be removed. From a practical perspective, further consideration should be given to the question whether different weights should be assigned to items depending on their IRT characteristics. This might also entail complex juridical issues as well as discussions relating to fairness and equity. Overall, we agree that a more rigorous testing for the various IRT assumptions will increase the acceptability of IRT analysis in teaching practice.


Access control requirements for the protection of information/data objects in an information system environment are well defined and successfully implemented by means of access control policies and models. Whenever these objects are used in a data-mining environment, a change in the access control requirements becomes necessary. During a data-mining activity the data miner may expose unexpected results or trends. It is important for all companies involved in data-mining activities to be aware of these potential access control problems.Brewer and Nash (1989) first defined the Chinese Wall Security Policy model (CWSP model). It provides access control for the commercial environment based on conflict of interest classes. Shortly after the introduction of this model, Lin (1989) reported an error in it and presented a modified version called the Aggressive Chinese Wall Security Policy model (ACWSP model). This model introduced the concept of an overlap between conflict of interest classes. It became evident that these two models had the potential to be used in a data-mining environment.


Objective: To analyze the importance of professional responsibility and patient safety during dental procedures performed at the dental school of the University of Cuenca. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out using a validated questionnaire based on the key dimensions of the SERVQUAL model to 50 patients between 18 and 65 years of age, who attend the undergraduate clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca during the period March 2023-August 2023, where questions aimed at finding out the management of professional responsibility and patient safety during dental care were addressed. Results: Results were obtained from 50 surveys; in which it was determined that patients are satisfied with the biosafety management offered by students during dental procedures. On the other hand, the patients expressed dissatisfaction with the technological advances used by the students in the different areas during dental care. Conclusion: It is recommended to improve the technological advances during dental procedures, since the patients were able to indicate that there is a deficiency in this area.


INTEGRAL, the INTErnational Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory of the European Space Agency, was launched on October 17, 2002. INTEGRAL operations are performed very successfully and the instruments provide data of good quality. These data are routed to the INTEGRAL Science Data Centre (ISDC), where they are processed, archived and finally distributed to the science community. In this paper we present the organisation of the centre and its software development. Some details of the data flow are given along with a description of the core ISDC software libraries.


In the southwestern part of Japan, weakness of the dough produced from soft wheat used for white salted noodles, resulting from low protein content and poor protein quality, is one of the shortcomings in noodle quality. We investigated the effect of the high-molecular-weight glutenin allele, Glu-D1d, on dough properties and noodle quality using near-isogenic lines (NILs) of three soft wheat cultivars. The NILs with the Glu-D1d allele showed significantly stronger dough, based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume and the proportion of unextractable polymeric protein in total polymeric protein, than that of the corresponding recurrent parents with the Glu-D1f allele, suggesting that the Glu-D1d allele exerts a positive effect on dough strength, even when the protein content is low (around 8.0%). The positive effect of the Glu-D1d allele on dough strength was most pronounced in the cultivar harboring the Glu-A1c allele (null allele) with weaker dough. Significant differences were found between the NILs and the corresponding recurrent parents in the breaking force of cooked noodles based on instrumental assessment and in the noodle firmness based on sensory assessment, suggesting that the dough strength conferred by the Glu-D1d allele affected the firmness of cooked noodles.


In this paper an improved algorithm based on echo separation is discussed. This algorithm not only uses echo estimation method but also takes the speech characteristics into account when the effective speech segment is separated. A beam-forming method is used to calculate the azimuth of the effective speech segment, and echo estimation is based on a short time energy analysis. The results show that the localization accuracy obtained is very close to that of the human ear.


The role of migrant workers is frequently marginalized amid industrial development, labor shortages, and the domination of state to state arrangements. In fact, the position of migrant workers should be considered as a primary factor in bilateral relations and trade agreements, notably between Indonesia and Taiwan. The reason is that the influx of migrant workers has undoubtedly given many benefits to both Indonesia and Taiwan governments. The Indonesian government considered that in the midst of insufficient job opportunities, migrant workers working in Taiwan indirectly lowered the unemployment rate. In addition, Indonesia acknowledged the high contribution of migrant workers by remittances to national income. At the same time, Taiwan recognized the importance of Indonesian migrant workers in the national economy, as well as strengthening Taiwan's second-track diplomacy with Indonesia vis-à-vis China. This article argues the dynamics of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, influenced by two factors: (1) the state dilemma and (2) people's realities, affecting the international relations between Indonesia and Taiwan. Therefore, this paper aims to explore possible answers by discussing the state dilemma and peoples' realities from the perspective of Indonesian workers in Taiwan. This study represents qualitative research supplemented by data obtained from interviews with Indonesian workers in Taiwan. The authors are also intensively contacted and involved through activities with Indonesian workers and communities.


This study aims to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Hebei Plain and to discuss factors controlling the groundwater quality. A total of 54 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 31 hydrogeochemical parameters, and a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was used for assessing groundwater quality. Results show groundwater total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions excluding K+ in phreatic aquifers higher than that in confined aquifers. From the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, phreatic aquifers towards the reducing environment, and the enhancement of water–rock interaction, ion exchange process, and evaporation probably resulted in the increase in groundwater TDS, major ions (excluding HCO3− and SO42−), B, and Mn concentrations. Moreover, phreatic groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by rock weathering changing into evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion from the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, according to the Gibbs diagram. The proportion of drinkable groundwater in confined aquifers was 1.6 times that in phreatic aquifers. In phreatic aquifers, the proportion of drinkable groundwater in the Piedmont plain was as high as 68%, but none of the drinkable groundwater occurred in the central and littoral plains. Groundwater quality in phreatic aquifers was mainly controlled by five factors, including the water–rock interaction, the marine geogenic sources, the agricultural pollution, the acidification, and the reductive environment. By contrast, groundwater quality in confined aquifers was mainly controlled by three factors, including the water–rock interaction and redox processes, agricultural pollution, and the input of external water. Therefore, in the Hebei Plain, groundwater in confined aquifers is more suitable for drinking purposes than in phreatic aquifers. Additionally, phreatic groundwater in the Piedmont plain should be protected.


The human genome contains a large number of sequences related to the cDNA for High Mobility Group 1 protein (HMG1), which so far has hampered the cloning and mapping of the active HMG1 gene. We show that the human HMG1 gene contains introns, while the HMG1-related sequences do not and most likely are retrotransposed pseudogenes. We identified eight YACs from the ICI and CEPH libraries that contain the human HMG1 gene. The HMG1 gene is similar in structure to the previously characterized murine homologue and maps to human chromosome 13 band q12, as determined by in situ hybridization. The mouse Hmg1 gene maps to the telomeric region of murine Chromosome 5, which is syntenic to the human 13q12 band.


The invention relates to the field of the application of information technology, in particular to a connected path establishment method which can be used within the development and construction range of underground space and is based on city underground structures. A device is provided with three-dimensional spatial data of underground structures, a geographic spatial database, computer hardware equipment and CAD or GIS software environment capable of supporting and modeling. The method extends the path analysis to the connectivity analysis of the underground structures, and realizes the channel design of path sections and path nodes through inner body type, path integration, parameter design, path drawing and so on; and the method mainly solves related technical problems of the organization and establishment of routes in the underground structures and so on. The method has the advantages that the method has the objectivity and universal applicability to the establishment of the pathsof the underground structures, can establish the connection relation inside the underground structures or among the underground structures, and ensure that the establishment work of a path network becomes effective and flexible, and produced path data can meet the analysis requirement of the connectivity and can also meet the application requirement of path visualization.


The paper analyzes the Chinese traditional sports culture,the humanistic connotations of sports and modern Olympic spirit.It brings up the idea that the humanistic spirit in the Chinese traditional sports culture will offer a new and healthy orientation and provide a new idea for the development of the Olympic Games,and help integrate the interests of different participants.


Infections were induced in juvenile chinook salmon Oncorh~: 1 i1.S tshawytscha by intraperitoneal injections of cells from the kidney of fish with naturally-uccurring infections of E~~terocytozoon salmonis. A mild hyperplasia of the hematopoietic tissues of the kidney and spleen were observed 3 wk after injection at water temperatures of 15 'C. By 5 wk postinjection, populat~ons of lymphoblasts, some of which contained intranuclear forms ot the parasite, were abundant in the kidney and spleen but also occurred in the leptomeninges, skeletal muscle, coelomic mesenteries, hepatic sinusoids and periorbital connective tissues of the eye. Plasmodial stages were abundant within the nucleus of blast cells in stained kidney imprints from infected fish but spores were only rarely detected. At 7 wk postinjection, the infections had progressed to a severe systemic diseasc: with features similar to naturally-occurring infections with the microsporidium. These included anemia accompanied by a leukemic condition in which lymphoblastic cells were found disseminated throughout most tissues including prominent accumulations in the lamina propria of the posterior intestine. Mortalities occurred among infected fish between 53 and 60 d postinjection and infections were detected in most survivors at the end of the study at 9 wk postinjection. Moderate numbers of spores were found most often in dead fish and survivors examined at the end of the study (63 d). The potential for treatment of infections with fumagillin DCH was demonstrated by the absence of mortalities and microscopic signs of clinical infections and a marked decrease i.n detection of the parasite among chinook salmon fed the drug (0.1 g kg-' food at 1 5 % body weight d') between 3 and 7 wk postinjection.


The crankshaft working machine comprises at least one actuator (1) for operating the machining tool for machining the support 2, and a crankshaft for supporting the at least one crank shaft 100. A support (2) is configured to support a crankshaft with at least two clamping devices (21) configured to secure the crankshaft corresponding to at least two main journals 103 of the crankshaft. Support 2 is rotated about the vertical axis (A) in order to modify the angle of attack between the longitudinal axis (B) and the actuator of the crank shaft 100. The support is a rotating mechanism 22 is the rotation mechanism 22, the crankshaft (100 to crankshaft 100 and the reciprocal inoperative retracted position, and a crank shaft 100 to rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis (B) ) and comprises a mutually displaceable rotary mechanism 22 between the operative position acting. The machine is suitable for the production of light-weight holes in the crankshaft.


The Stone of Scone is neither ornate nor decorative, but rather is plain, heavy, and unwieldy. Yet this stone's plain appearance is not matched with a plain history; it has been stolen, broken, cracked, and chipped, blown up by Suffragettes, declared a fake, and is the subject of at least one symphony. This is a well-loved stone, but it is also a highly contested object due to its extraordinary function: it can transform men and women into kings and queens. Since time immemorial the stone was key to the inauguration of Scottish monarchs, and it was due to its monarch-making capabilities that the stone was stolen by the English king in 1296, and transported to Westminster Abbey, where it was incorporated into British coronation rituals. This chapter considers the stone's significance in the context of material culture and emotions, tracing its long, affective history.


The research background is due to the rationalization of miracle verses, especially those carried out by Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā. Therefore this problem was formulated in two forms of questions, namely: first, what is the form of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā interpretation against the prophets miracles verses. Second, what are the methodology and characteristics of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā's interpretation against the prophet miracles verses. The purpose of this study is, first, to know the form of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā interpretation against the prophets miracles verses. Second, to know the methodology and characteristics of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā's interpretation against the prophet miracles verses.
In this study, the author will present Rasḥīd Riḍā's interpretations of miracle verses and then compare them with other mufassir of interpretations, both classical and contemporary mufassir. The author also tries to compare Riḍā's interpretation of the miracle verse with scientific discoveries in the 20th century.
The result of the study is that the form of Rashīd Riḍā's interpretation of the miracle verses of the prophets is more inclined to the form of interpretation of bi al-Ra'y. This is very clear from its interpretations of these verses with their rational ideology. The methodology of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā's interpretation of the miraculous verses of the prophets is more inclined to the pattern of interpretation using the muqārin method. The striking characteristics of the interpretation of the verses relating to the miracles of the prophets are very diverse. Namely: Expressing the opinions of the previous scholars before expressing their opinions, only expressing the interpretations of previous scholars without commenting on the related verses, critical of the hadith that support the existence of miracles, Riḍā also does not hesitate to do ta'wīl the verses which he thinks are contrary to common sense.
This research continues to be further developed by future researchers in order to give the impression that the Qur'anic research is not rigid only to this extent. Because the Qur'an is a handle of life throughout the ages and timeless.


Metameric object-color stimuli involving one illuminant generally do not remain metameric when the illuminant is replaced by another. However, the different colors that occur are confined to a region of color space with a closed boundary. This boundary, called the theoretical limits of metamerism: change in illuminant, can be computed by means of a linear programing technic. The size and shape of the theoretical limits in color space depend on the illuminants involved and on the color of the metameric stimuli. A number of examples are given and some practical implications of the method are discussed.


The emission of neutron pairs from the neutron-rich N =12 isotones 18 C and 20 O has been studied by high-energy nucleon knockout from 19 N and 21 O secondary beams, populating unbound states of the two isotones up to 15 MeV above their two-neutron emission thresholds. The analysis of triple fragment- n - n correlations shows that the decay 19 N( − 1 p ) 18 C ∗ → 16 C+ n + n is clearly dominated by direct pair emission. The two-neutron correlation strength, the largest ever observed, suggests the predominance of a 14 C core surrounded by four valence neutrons arranged in strongly correlated pairs. On the other hand, a significant competition of a sequential branch is found in the decay 21 O( − 1 n ) 20 O ∗ → 18 O+ n + n , attributed to its formation through the knockout of a deeply-bound neutron that breaks the 16 O core and reduces the number of pairs.


Objective The study's objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a rapid streptococcal test as a single diagnostic agent in the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Methods We performed a rapid streptococcal test as part of the diagnostic workup for patients presenting with clinical findings consistent with streptococcal pharyngitis. In addition to undergoing the study intervention, each patient had a standard throat swab sent to the laboratory for formal culture. A questionnaire detailing the clinical features was to be completed in each case. Results Two hundred ten near-patient tests were performed. Complete laboratory results were available in 177 cases (77%). Clinical data were available for analysis in 94 patients (53%). In our patient population, the near-patient test had a high specificity (98.6%) but a low sensitivity (71%). The clinical presentation of confirmed group A &bgr;-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis is very variable. Conclusions The QuickVue In-Line Strep A test for streptococcal pharyngitis is unreliable in our patient population. Clinical findings are unhelpful in confirming the diagnosis. Formal laboratory culture is the criterion standard for identifying the organism, but the results are not clinically significant in every case. Acute pharyngitis presenting to the pediatric emergency department can be managed in accordance with the recommendations in the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network guideline.


For 60 years Steele practised landscape architecture as a fine art, designing nearly 700 gardens that form an important link between 19th-century Beaux Arts formalism and modern landscape design.


The first offshore windfarms will be erected as pilot phases from 2004 onwards. A power range up to 60 GW in total is planned in North and Baltic Sea. Each project has a size of 100 up to 2000 MW. The proposed locations of offshore windfarms are mostly between 40 and 100 km away from shore. For the transmission of power to the nearest grid connection the distance onshore has to be added. Decisive facts of planning offshore windfarms are the safe transport of energy to grid connection as well as its energy-management. For the electric transmission system there is High Voltage AC as well as High Voltage DC with several respective solutions available. Substantial aspects of the different transmission technologies show a wide range of parameters which have to be taken into account.Determination of the most economical and technical conception of energy transmission needs thorough investigation. Proceeding from the state of today's technology some specific tendencies can be recognised.


Summary Menopausal transition in women is correlated with lower quality of life. Decreased oestrogen levels entail dysfunction of many organs and systems. This paper depicts urological problems in perimenopausal women. The authors delineate the influence of oestrogen levels on physiology and pathophysiology of the urinary tract. Risk factors and treatment options of urological dysfunctions (urinary incontinence, recurrent urinary tract infections, symptoms of urgency) in menopausal transition are characterized. Proper diagnostics and therapy of urogenital problems in climacteric women require cooperation between urologists and gynaecologists as well as broadened knowledge of patients and general practitioners.


The electron-hydraulic servo system of vibration was analyzed,and its model of loading mechanism and system was set up.Using the structure invariance principle in electron-hydraulic servo system,compensation system was designed,which decreases the influences of slow time-varying or unknown nonlinear parameters on servo system.Intelligent regulatory factor and Fuzzy/PI combining control algorithm were adopted in the electron-hydraulic servo system.The result of simulation shows that the proposed control system is more effective than conventional control system.


During the study of recently collected material of the Cruciferae and routine herbarium work a number of interesting records have appeared, and problems been uncovered which necessitate comment. In the course of the review of materials in certain genera it has been found necessary to obtain ioan of specimens from a number of institutions. Acknowledgment and expression of appreciation is made to the curators of the New York Botanical Garden (NY), Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM), the University of Utah (UU), Brigham Young University (BY), and to Professor A. O. Garrett (Garrett).


Over the last decade, peer support programs for men with prostate cancer have been reported in North America and Canada (Us Too and Man to Man), and in British Columbia (Prostate Support and Awareness). Such groups have also emerged across Australia, and more recently these groups affiliated with the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (PCFA) as the Support and Advocacy Committee. Forty four groups exist under the umbrella of the PCFA, with each Australian state and territory represented. To date, however, empirical data has not been gathered on the activities of these groups. This report describes the first stage of a three-phase project to examine the current activities of these groups, how they assist men with prostate Peer support groups for prostate cancer | Cancer Forum https://cancerforum.org.au/article/2002/november/peer-support-groups-for-prostate-cancer-a-snapshot-in-2002-2/[27/02/2019 1:42:50 PM] INTRODUCTION Peer support programs are based on the premise that shared experience is a valuable coping resource that assists individuals to adjust to and cope effectively with stressful events. A number of studies using case comparison , post-test and descriptive designs are available that suggest peer support programs are helpful for people with cancer. In these studies, peer support programs rate high levels of consumer satisfaction, and assist by providing unique information about coping from the perspective of shared experience, reducing social isolation, normalising the cancer experience and assisting with specific fears such as loss of masculinity and body image concerns. As well, patients have reported feeling less anxious and more optimistic about the future after involvement in peer support programs. In addition, for specific groups where the incidence of cancer is low and social stigma or isolation may be a particular problem, peer support programs may be a preferred style of psychosocial intervention . Further benefits are that being community-based, these programs are often easily accessed and are usually free of charge or low cost . Prostate cancer peer support groups potentially provide a cost effective and valuable cancer, and consequently determine future program development needs. In all, 41 group leaders were surveyed (93% response). Group membership consisted mostly of men who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer, with an estimated 3,300 men currently members. Groups were predominantly peer supervised. Other types of overall management and group facilitation were health professionals, and a shared role between a man who had had prostate cancer and a health professional. The mean time of group operation was four years and five months. The main sources of support for groups were local state councils and hospitals who provided assistance such as meeting rooms, photocopying and postage, a health professional to facilitate meetings, special training for members, and funds. Three groups described receiving no support from any source. The main activities undertaken by groups were general discussion meetings, group education sessions with guest lecturers, regular newsletters, and one to one telephone support by members with no special training. Group leaders described doctors as referring men to their groups "sometimes" and as working "somewhat closely" with their groups. Working with doctors helped groups by providing expert information and advice to them, acting as a source of referral to and promotion for groups, and adding professionalism and credibility to them. In all, 63% of participants described wanting to work more closely with doctors in these ways. A key difficulty described by group leaders was that the responsibility for managing the group often fell to the same individuals, with difficulties experienced in recruiting other members to take on leadership roles in the group. The present study demonstrates the depth of activity in peer support for prostate cancer in Australia and suggests that work to develop further collaborative relationships between these groups and health professionals may be needed. Prostate cancer support groups express a desire to work more closely with health professionals, and in particular doctors such as urologists and radiation oncologists. Further work to build on this preliminary study is in progress.


The magnetic property in a material is induced by the unpaired electrons. This can occur due to defect states which can enhance the magnetic moment and the spin polarization. In this report, CdS and CdTe thin films are grown on FTO glass substrates by chemical bath deposition and close-spaced sublimation, respectively. The magnetic properties, which are introduced from oxygen states, are found in CdS and CdTe thin films. From the hysteresis loop of magnetic moment it is revealed that CdS and CdTe thin films have different kinds of magnetic moments at different temperatures. The M–H curves indicate that from 100 K to 350 K, CdS and CdTe thin films show paramagnetism and diamagnetism, respectively. A superparamagnetic or a weakly ferromagnetic response is found at 5 K. It is also observed from ZFC/FC curves that magnetic moments decrease with temperature increasing. Spin polarized density functional calculation for spin magnetic moment is also carried out.


More effective plant growth regulators (PGR) are desirable in the field of ornamental horticulture; these products are likely to result in fewer applications, better plant growth control and lower costs. In this trial, Piccolo (paclobutrazol) at the standard concentration of 0.4% and Piccolo 10XC (4% paclobutrazol) were tested for height control of poinsettia 'Freedom', 'Ice Punch' and 'Prestige Early'. Two rates (1X and 0.75X standard grower rate) and two application methods (spray and drench) were studied. Plants grown under commercial standard practices were transported to the center on September 30 th 2010; after treatment application, all plants were kept in a climate controlled greenhouse at 65/75 oF night/day temperature and under drip irrigation. At 0, 7, 14, 28 and 50 days after application, plant height, the number of days to color initiation and the % bract coloration were measured. The plants were screened for phytotoxicity symptoms at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment application. The effect of the products varied among cultivars; Piccolo 10XC was more effective than Piccolo for height control of 'Ice Punch' but equally affective when compared to Piccolo for height control of 'Freedom' and 'Prestige Early'. The products did not affect the initiation of bract color but a decrease in the % bract coloration at the higher rates tested was observed. None of the treatments caused phytotoxicity in any of the cultivars tested. Objective:


The shortage of qualified school counselors in the past few years has been a concern of the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) . Efforts to address this issue were largely contingent on encouraging students to enter counselor-training programs. Recent research pointed to the fact that a large number of counselors were choosing not to go into school counseling. One response was for Missouri to revamp the counselor certification requirements; however, a strong advocacy program seemed to be a better solution. This document explains how a task force made up of the Missouri DESE, counselor educators, and officers of the Missouri School Counselor Association drafted an advocacy plan. The tasks facing this committee were: (1) what audiences should be addressed; (2) how to approach each of these audiences; (3) who would be responsible; and (4) what the time line would be. A copy of this plan is appended. (JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. An Aggressive Advocacy Plan: The State Counselor Association Response to Events in Missouri


At the department of Automatic Control at Lund Institute of Technology a mobile robot has to be assembled. The capabilities of the vehicle comprises a possibility to control it via internet with the help of a Java-applet as well as a function that realizes an autonomous navigation through a predefined environment. The first part of this work deals with the implementation of the remote control function. This involes setting up the hardware components and the realisation of different interfaces between these components. Another mode in which the robot can be driven ensures autonomous navigation in a known environment. Since the environment the robot is moving in is a corridor, it is a crucial part to guarantee the straight driving of the robot. Also, a simple map and the recognition of landmarks are necessary to orientate in the robots surroundings. In this context, pattern recognition is done by calculating the correlation coefficient. (Less)


The simulation of spatialization is a matter of great concern. In this paper the auralization technique has been improved, in order to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of spaciousness by headphones listening. Binaural impulse responses have been calculated after the definition of proper reciprocal positions between the listener and the sound ray. A numerical code has been developed, implemented and tested. An example of binaural auralization is here presented.


Once upon a time in Lagos, Nollywood researchers developed a sense of what the film practice really meant based on the crop of films whose release coincided with the few short weeks they happened to be in the city. One could often tell this from a rough inventory of those titles captured in an article which, in turn, was a little more than a summary outline of a theme. It was as if nothing else happened before or after the research trip—that time momentarily stopped in grateful acknowledgement of one's presence, and Nollywood amounted to no more than what a given researcher saw while she was in the city. Reading Adam Mayer's book, Naija Marxisms: Revolutionary Thought in Nigeria, gave me a feeling similar to this. A lecturer in politics on a temporary teaching contract at a Nigerian university is obviously interested in the untold stories of the efforts by the Nigerians who, for many decades in the twentieth century, tried to engineer thought and action on the basis of revolutionary ideas allied broadly with Marxist–Leninist principles of social transformation. This researcher has a vague familiarity with aspects of those stories from being a citizen of Hungary, one of the former "socialist republics" in Europe. Having Yola, a city in the northeastern part of Nigeria for base may be a disadvantage, but this can be remedied in some ways, especially if this researcher happens to have just read a "conservative" account of his subject and can find his way to one of the storied actors in that wondrous drama. In the conclusion to Naija Marxisms, Mayer writes:


Solid tumors are characterized by a remodeled and stiffened extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is not a passive by-product of the tumor, but actively compromises tissue-specific differentiation, enhances tumor cell proliferation and survival, and fosters tumor cell invasion and migration. The tumor extracellular matrix also influences the behavior of the stromal cells, which through vicious, feedforward-reinforcing pathways promote tumor progression and compromise treatment efficacy. To investigate how the tumor extracellular matrix alters cancer phenotype and treatment, a number of three-dimensional, organotypic culture models have been developed that employ a variety of materials, including natural matrices, collagen, fibrin, and reconstituted basement membrane gels, as well as synthetic hydrogel materials such as polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol. These models have been used to interrogate how specific microenvironmental features modify tumor and stromal cell function and to identify t...


Depth Estimation is the task of measuring the distance of each pixel relative to the camera. Depth is extracted from either monocular (single) or stereo (multiple views of a scene) images. Traditional methods use multi-view geometry to find the relationship between the images [1]. Recently, Depth Estimation is interesting to global AI researchers. We can see applications of deep learning in solutions that. But deep learning methods before only research solutions in real-valued neural networks. In this paper, we want to propose a method, which is a quaternion-valued convolutional neural network because quaternion operations are great for depth processing and complex images, so neural networks that use quaternion-valued will have better than neural networks that use real-valued.


Judicial power is done by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies under it, including the State administrative court with two subjects or parties who are litigating in the PTUN, namely the defendant and the plaintiff. The purpose of this study is to reveal the system for examining interventions in state administration as well as arrangements for interventions in state administrative disputes. the type of research used is normative law with a statute approach. The source of data used is the secondary data. The technique of collecting legal materials used is by reading and quoting by analyzing the relevant laws and then the collection and collection of the literature materials are processed qualitatively. The result shows that there are several possible motivations for the entry of third parties in the judicial process, namely on their own initiative, at the request of the judge, and at the request of one of the parties (the presecutor/defendant) and the state administrative court regulate the entry method and motivation for the intervention of the party to enter the examination process. State Administrative Disputes.


We present numerical studies of non-linear conduction in graphene nanoribbons when a bias potential is applied between the source and drain electrodes. We find that the conductance quantization plateaus show asymmetry between the electron and hole branches if the potential in the ribbon equals the source or drain electrode potential and strong electron (hole) scattering occurs. The scattering may be at the ends of a uniform ballistic ribbon connecting wider regions of graphene or may be due to defects in the ribbon. We argue that, in ribbons with strong defect scattering, the ribbon potential is pinned to that of the drain (source) for electron (hole) transport. In this case symmetry between electron and hole transport is restored and our calculations explain the upward shift of the conductance plateaus with increasing bias that was observed experimentally by Lin et al. [Phys. Rev. B 78, 161409 (2008)].


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The paper is an attempt to articulate the defining features of Ignatian Leadership and to clarify what might distinguish it from other brands of leadership without lapsing into motherhood statements and worn-out clichés.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The Ignatian leadership style that is presented is grounded in Ignatian spirituality, which is a source of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius Loyola. Hence, the research problem was formulated: how can Ignatian leadership be implemented in everyday practice? The method of critical analysis of sources was applied.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The paper argues that Ignatian Leadership is, in fact, a radical form of servant leadership, since the Ignatian Leader is at the service not only of the Community, but also–and for Ignatius of Loyola, even more fundamentally–of the Mission entrusted to that Community.
RESEARCH RESULTS: Concretely, it proposes a conception of Ignatian Leadership as a threeway relationship among the Leader, the Community, and the Mission, in the process, illustrating what magis and cura personalis might mean in one's exercise of leadership, but also, spelling out, in light of these relationships, the key functions of the Ignatian Leader.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Ignatian leadership is a form of servant leadership insofar as Ignatian Leaders ought to prioritize serving the Community that they lead over their own interests. However, what distinguishes Ignatian Leadership from servant leadership is its explicit and non-negotiable prioritization of service of the Mission as well.


In recent years, the yield of summer soybeam in Xu - Huai area has been reducing because of Fe- deficency symptom. This article analyzes the main causes of this symptom, and points out that many field experiments from 1996 to 1998 prove that when summer soybeam is added Fe fertilizer during initial flower period and meantime, the number of ph in the soil is decreased, the Fe - deficency symtom of summer soybeam can be prevented and cured so that the yield of summer soybeam can increase obviously.


The utility model discloses a waste heat steam cyclic utilization production device of a drier and belongs to the technical field of drying. The waste heat steam cyclic utilization production device of the drier comprises the drier for drying a wet material, a flash tank, a dry dust collector, a compressor and a humidifier, wherein a steam inlet of the drier is communicated with a steam main pipe; the flash tank is communicated with a condensing water outlet of the drier; the dry dust collector is communicated with a waste heat steam outlet of the drier; the compressor is simultaneously communicated with steam outlets of the dry dust collector and the flash tank; the humidifier is communicated with a superheated steam outlet of the compressor; and two pipelines are arranged at the superheated steam outlet of the compressor and respectively communicated with the drier and the humidifier. The waste heat steam cyclic utilization production device of the drier is adopted for drying a material, the problem of generation of non-condensable gas of a system is solved, and about 65 to 70 percent of saturated steam can be saved.


Aim To determine whether the polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha(ERα) is associated with endometriosis in a Chinese population.Method 107 women diagnosed with endometriosis by laparotomy or laparoscopy were taken as study group,and 80 women who had health examination to eliminate the gynecological disease were taken as control group.We extracted the DNA,then used PCR-RFLP to examine the XbaⅠand PvuⅡ gene polymorphism in ERαgene.Results We found a statistically significant difference between the patients and the controls in the frequency of the XbaⅠ polymorphism(P=0.039).XX/Xx in patients 51(47.66%),in controls 25(31.25%),they had significant difference(P=0.024).The odds ratio(OR) for X allele was 2.00 times(OR=2.00,95% CI:1.09~3.67).But the gene polymorphism of PvuⅡdid not have the statistically significant difference between the endometriosis group and control group(P=0.285).We concluded that variability of the ERα-XbaⅠgene likely contributed to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Conclusion The frequency of XbaⅠ polymorphism has the statistically significant difference between the patients and the controls,and X allele is possibly the predisposing gene in the development of EM.


Increasing refugee numbers are not the only way in which the European public is feeling the direct impact of international crises. Yet solutions to the world's conflicts remain elusive. In fact, political and social tensions are growing – and testing Europe in profound ways. Gütersloh/Brussels, February 29, 2016. Democracy and models of social market economy are being challenged worldwide. At the same time, the influence of religion on political institutions and legal systems is on the rise. These are the findings of the Bertesmann Stiftung's Transformation Index (BTI) which has analyzed 129 developing and transformation countries biennially since 2006. According to the BTI, many governments have placed tighter restrictions on political and civil rights as a means of consolidating their own power. Even in relatively stable democracies, many governments are unable to defuse political and social conflicts. The 250 experts assessing the surveyed countries according to 17 criteria attest to only six states featuring "very good" governance– a record low. In contrast, there are 46 countries whose governments demonstrate either failed or weak transformation efforts.


In recent years, social apathy has been able to attract the attention of sociologists and social psychologists. Thus, the present study addresses the issue of social apathy in the real and virtual worlds. This research, which consists of a social survey, was conducted in spring 2019 in Kashan, among which 384 students of Payame Noor University, Medical Sciences University, and the State University of Kashan, were selected via a non-proportional classified sampling method. The results showed that, in general, the degree of social apathy of students in both real and virtual environments is a little more than the middle, although its amount in the real spaces is slightly higher than virtual ones. It also became clear that there is a correlation between the degree of social apathy of students in the real world and the virtual worlds, but the degree of this apathy in the real or virtual world did not differ significantly in terms of the field of study, type of university, residence and income. In other words, the degree of social apathy was relatively the same in all the mentioned groups of students. Keywords: social apathy, virtual world, students, information-communication technology


Design of a compact microstrip patch antenna with five circular slots for wideband applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is printed on both sides of a single substrate. On one side of square substrate, first a square patch is printed and then five circular slots are etched. On the other side of the substrate, a rectangular microstrip line is printed to feed the antenna. The antenna is simulated using high frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software and the optimal location and dimension of the slots and feed element are obtained. Further, the proposed antenna is fabricated on a glass epoxy FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna has a wideband from 1.91GHz to 6.19 GHz with four resonant frequencies of 2.05 GHz, 2.86 GHz, 3.49 GHz and 5.11 GHz. The simulated and measured results are compared and these are in good agreement. The antenna can be used for wideband applications in frequency range from 1.91GHz to 6.19 GHz.


This thesis is devoted to the use of statistical physics concepts to study the growth of films, under nonequilibrium conditions. Specifically, we consider the influence of the particle/particle and particle/substrate interacting rules on the morphology of the obtained film. We report how interesting structures can emerge from interacting rules as simple as the ones from the random sequential adsorption process. In the presence of a patterned substrate, made up of well defined regions (cells) where particles can irreversibly stick, a rich set of morphologies are obtained at the jammed state. Such structures reveal, not only the order of the pattern, but also the stochastic nature of the adsorption process and the competition during adsorption. Besides, we show that such pattern changes also the kinetics toward the asymptotic limit and report, for the first time, a transition from power law to exponential, in the functional dependence of the coverage approach to the jamming value. The competitive adsorption of segments with different sizes on a line is also considered. The influence of the size ratio on the jammed state structure is analyzed with the cumulants of the distance between segments, up-to the fourth order. Yet, a probability distribution function of distances is proposed, based on heuristic arguments. The obtained results with the proposed function are in agreement with the ones from simulation. For the growth regime where diffusion of particles on the substrate cannot be neglected, the influence of the flux of impinging particles on the nucleation and growth of islands is studied. A model based on the kinetic Monte Carlo method is then proposed to study the


This paper proposes an indoor localization algorithm based on AOA (Arrive of Angle) and orientation angle (OA) for passive UHF RFID (Ultra-High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification) tag array. By utilizing a uniform linear tag array (ULA), the AOA, which is defined as the angle of the reader relative to the tag array, can be estimated by the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The relationship between AOA, OA of the tag array, and the direction angle (DA) between each reader antenna to the geometric center of the tag array is analyzed, and an OA retrieval method based on rotating the coordinate system is proposed to calculate DA. The tag array localization is finally acquired by the DA of each antenna. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy. The proposed algorithm achieves a mean accuracy of 0.216 m, which is a significant improvement compared with the traditional AOA localization algorithm.


The objective was a fuel processing system that would use No. 2 fuel oil or other heavy sulfur-containing fuels to provide hydrogen for fuel cell power plants. Two approaches were considered, adiabatic and hybrid steam reforming. In the adiabatic reformer, air is added to the inlet fuel and steam to provide, by combustion, the endothermic heat for reforming. A fuel mixing nozzle and a system of two catalysts were developed which permitted a bench scale (3 kW) adiabatic reformer to operate for 800 hours on No. 2 fuel oil and some coal liquids at design conditions for a 4.8 MW phosphoric acid fuel cell power plant. The hybrid reformer consists of a primary catalytic, tubular reformer followed by an adiabatic reformer in series. Various catalysts for the primary reformer were tested with No. 2 fuel oil in an electrically heated bench-scale reformer. Catalyst T-12 (Toyo Engineering Company) operated carbon-free at conditions suitable for the hybrid reformer for over 300 hours. At the design heat rate for the 4.8 MW phosphoric acid fuel cell power plant, the cost of the power plant with the hybrid fuel processor was estimated to be 8% less than with the adiabatic reformer.


A numerical analysis of the critical conditions of thermal ignition for a two-dimensional cylindrical reactor with flow field occurrence was carried out. The critical conditions of thermal ignition were defined as bifurcation points of the limit type. The dependence of the bifurcation points on aerodynamics was analysed by a sequential variation of the Peclet number. The flow field in the reactor was generated previously by a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations.

The nonlinear parabolic equation of heat balance and linear eigenvalue boundary problems occurring in the proposed non-stationary method for calculating the bifurcation points was solved numerically using the finite difference technique.

It was shown that the critical points of thermal ignition form a surface bounded by the line of 'limit of criticality' in the parameter space. For large values of the Peclet number, the dependence of the critical parameter of ignition on Peclet number becomes linear.


A model of magnetization reversal in thin ferromagnetic films is proposed. The model is based on a small angular dispersion (∼3°) in the film plane of the axis of planar anisotropy. The dynamical effects of this dispersion are important when the switching field (Hs) is of the order of the anisotropy field, fall off rapidly with increasing Hs, and include a two- to threefold increase in the switching coefficient for bias field large enough to insure unidirectional rotation. In addition, it is shown that the transverse flux reaches its maximum before the longitudinal flux is one-half switched. These results are in reasonable agreement with experiment.


An intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors is one of the most urgent and challenging problem of the modern neurosurgery. The most important measure of the effectiveness of treatment is the complete tumor resection. The existing methods of the intraoperative neurodiagnosis of tumors are plagued with limited sensitivity, especially for low-grade gliomas, and, furthermore, can remain rather expensive. The recently reported results of optical coherence tomography (OCT) application for finding differences between healthy and malignant tissues make it become one of the promising label-free diagnostic instruments. Nevertheless, the wide use of OCT in clinical practice is limited by the lack of complete study of its opportunities in neurosurgery, which leads to a huge scientific interest. Our research, aimed at the study of the ability of OCT for the intraoperative diagnosis of brain gliomas of different grades, has the goal to observe the differences between OCT signals obtained for ex vivo samples of various types of human brain glioma and intact brain tissue. We propose a 3D-feature based data analysis that demonstrates promising results in differentiation of tissue classes.


The article deals with the classification of electronic documents as objects of technical and forensic documents used as evidence in the materials before the courts. Classification of electronic documents helps to use them as evidence to promote the collection, testing and handling of evidence in the investigation and prosecution of cases. Electronic documents fully apply to the generally accepted traditional division into direct and indirect, primary and derivatives, indictments and acquittals, personal and real, official and private, procedural, and not procedural. Since the object of technical and legal documents is forensic material document, for the classification of electronic documents as objects of judicial forensic technical documents the type of media is important: internal ( PC memory, servers, computer networks, electronic archives) and external (disks, flash memory cards, floppy disks, plastic, paper, tape). By the source of existence there are electronic documents created by the user and the computer system (i.e, electronic medium). By the content electronic documents can be files with text information, graphics, animation, background, or video images, as well as information specific machine codes and symbols. As for protection of electronic documents they are open and closed. By material media there are documents that exist in physical form of computer information (external memory devices: magnetic and optical discs, magnetic tapes and magnetic cards, flash memory, etc.), in the random access memory of an electronic computer, peripheral, computer and network hardware. The stages of production of documents, including electronic ones, are divided into the original, duplicate, copy, and extract. When exploring the electronic document as an object of technical and forensic study one should pay more attention to its external form, distinguishing between documents and manuscripts produced by technical means. The handwritten form of entering information in the computer is relatively new. But for the foreseeable future these documents may be subject to forensic investigation. When classifying electronic documents as objects of technical and forensic examination, one should pay attention to them as to documents in general, and as to specific objects of forensic investigations. Two types are identified: 1) materialized electronic documents, 2) electronic documents, which are stored in electronic devices. The conclusion is that the objects of technical and forensic documents are only the first group of electronic documents, that is, those which were transferred to the physical media: paper, cardboard and plastic.


It is required to set up and train an independent civil society organization in order to establish a public and private partnership. For that, it is important to establish a partnership with a public sector after strengthening a relationship among the residents by discussions and supports and sophisticating the demands and activities.The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanism in making a public and private partnership by strengthening the community relationship and sophisticating the demands and activities in a form of liaison association which is an assembly of the intermediary civil society organization by mutual discussions and cooperation. It is analyzed from the points of view of wide exchange of information, accumulation and return of the acknowledges, function as a saucer of the staff.


In this paper, we introduced a conceptual analysis to select stability features when performing predefined and precise motions on robots. By analyzing the different stable poses named features and the possible transitions towards different ones, the introduced concept allows to design more predictable and suitable motions when performing particular tasks. As an example of how the concept can be applied we use it on the fall recovery of the quadruped robot CENTAURO. This robot, which is equipped with a custom hybrid wheel-legged mobility system, have good intrinsic stability as other quadrupeds. However, the characteristics of the rough terrains where it might be deployed require complex maneuvers to cope with possible strong disturbances. To prevent and more importantly recover from falls, realignment of postural responses will not be adequate, and effective recovery procedures should be developed. This paper introduces the details of how the presented conceptual analysis provides and an effective fall recovery routine for CENTAURO based on a state machine. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with extensive simulation trials using the dynamic model of the CENTAURO robot showing good effectiveness in recovering the robot after fall on flat and inclined surfaces.


Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Good knowledge of Hepatitis B virus, its infection and positive attitude by the public are key to the prevention of Hepatitis B infection The infection can be prevented with Hepatitis B virus vaccine. This study aimed at assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Uptake of Hepatitis B virus vaccine among Clinical Medical Students of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: The study is descriptive cross-sectional in design and comprised of 187 Clinical Medical Students selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Microsoft window version 22. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 25.6 ± 3.2 years. About 80.7% of the respondents (Clinical Medical Students of EBSU) had good knowledge of HBV infection. Also, all the respondents (100%) had good knowledge of HBV vaccine. Nearly, 74.3% of our respondents were concerned about being infected with HBV. However only 55.6% of them had tested for HBV surface Original Research Article Eze et al.; AJI, 4(2): 31-36, 2020; Article no.AJI.57925 32 antigen. Also 84.2% of the respondents said they would like to be vaccinated. Although the participants in this study had positive attitude towards HBV vaccination, only 29.4% of the respondents had received HBV vaccine. Most of those vaccinated received incomplete doses of the vaccine while only very few received complete doses of the vaccine. Conclusions: There should be sustained health education to Clinical Medical Students on the need to be vaccinated against HBV and also HBV vaccine should be made free to the general public so as to remove the challenge created by cost.


Creativity is a complex neuropsychological process,including coordination of multiple brain regions.Evidence from previous study has implied a left frontal lobe suppression mechanism.However,it has not been observed directly.In this study,we recruited 28 healthy non-expert young volunteers to investigate their brain activities underlying figural creative thinking.When the subjects were making comparison between creative and uncreative tasks,we found increased activities in the left frontal lobe(ROI analysis,p=0.037),along with significant deactivations in the right frontal lobe(ROI analysis,p=0.007) and posterior cortices(FWE corrected,p0.05),which may suggest a top-down control mechanism.Our study completed a depiction on how figural creativity is organized in human brain.


Previous work has indicated that teeth restored with posts and pins of non-noble metals can fail by longitudinal fracture. In particular, teeth restored by the Wiptam method have shown significant demineralization of the dentine by metallic salts due to corrosion of the Ni–Co–Cr post.This investigation concentrated on the stress distribution within a Wiptam restored tooth for a variety of mechanical and thermal loads calculated using the finite element method. It is shown that the dentine is more highly stressed in restorations with long posts than short posts for a given load. The maximum tensile stresses exist in the vicinity of the bottom of the post and the FEM calculations indicate a similar pattern of stress distribution to the observed cracking pattern. In no case were the calculated stresses above the fracture stress for dentine.However, by simulating the gradual leaching of cement from the dentine/gold-porcelain interface, it is shown that significant tensile stresses well above the fracture stre...


Over the past decade, declines of Canadian populations of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) have received considerable attention from scientists, government agencies, environmental nongovernmental organizations, Indigenous communities, and the forest industry. Boreal caribou (also known as boreal woodland caribou) was listed as a threatened species in Canada when the Species at Risk Act came into force in June 2003. Many boreal caribou populations have been shown to be decreasing, in some cases precipitously, and empirical evidence from adult survival and calf recruitment surveys indicates that the cumulative effect of habitat disturbance, including that which results from industrial development, is a key driver in the decline. Yet, as scientific understanding of the decline has become clearer, and agreement among scientists and governments about habitat management requirements has increased, campaigns of denial have intensified in the public sphere. In this paper, we examine parallels with climate change rhetoric prolific in the 2000s and show that willful ignorance disguised as skepticism has resulted in public uncertainty despite robust scientific evidence. We show how these strategies of manufactured uncertainty used in climate change denial campaigns have seeped into wildlife management debates, with pernicious results. In this case, it has successfully delayed efforts to effectively address the decline of boreal caribou, which is protected under federal, provincial, and territorial legislation, and inhibited meaningful dialogue about socially acceptable conservation solutions. 2018 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We develop an efficient data fusion algorithm for field reconstruction of multiple physical phenomena, which exhibit multiple modalities each with complex dependence behavior. In particular, we design a novel spatial model where multiple latent processes are modelled as Multi-Output Gaussian Process. We encode a linear dependency structure through a specified covariance function in both space and between different modalities of the spatial processes monitored. To account for different data modalities, we model the spatial dependence between each process via Copula dependence structures [1], thus allowing to choose any marginal distribution or process (possibly different) for each of the physical phenomena. We formulate the field reconstruction problem and develop a low complexity algorithm to approximate the intractable predictive posterior distribution. We show that our model significantly outperforms the model which treats the different physical phenomena independently in terms of prediction meansquared-errors (MSE). This provides the motivation to use our model for multimodal data fusion.


This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital, institutional ownership, and company size towards firm value. The sample of this study is coal mining listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2018. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique, with the acquisition of a total sample of 56 observations. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. The results of this study indicates that intellectual capital and company size have no effect towards company value, while institutional ownership has a positive effect towards company value.


We perform a reconstruction of the mass matrix of heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos in the framework of the left–right symmetric type I+II seesaw mechanism. An intriguing pairwise duality relation between different solutions is shown to exist.


Abstract : We introduce an approach to velocity and reflectivity estimation based on optimizing the coherence of multiple shot-gathering inversions of reflection seismograms. The resulting algorithm appears to avoid severe convergence difficulties reported for output (nonlinear) least- squares inversion. We describe in detail an algorithm appropriate for plane-layered acoustic models, using the convolutional approximation to the plane-wave (p-tau) seismogram. We give theoretical and numerical evidence that coherency optimization, as defined here, yields stable and reasonably accurate estimates of both velocity trend and reflectivity, by exploiting reflection phase moveout and amplitudes in a computationally efficient way. We demonstrate that the approach may be applied to field data by extracting velocity and reflectivity estimates from a Gulf of Mexico marine data set. Finally we explain briefly how the approach may be modified to determine elastic models and source parameters as well as to determine laterally heterogeneous models.


Overall costs of a spacecraft mission have to take into account not only satellite costs but also costs of the ground segment. Within the ground segment costs can be driven by the ground segment infrastructure or the operations using this infrastructure. From a ground system view satellite operations that use only one ground station, will be a cost effective solution. But today more or less all small space agencies need cross support for their satellites, at least in the LEOP phases of their missions. One way of reducing cost in using cross support is to standardize those interfaces. Therefore, the space agencies asked their standardization organization (CCSDS) to define services that give the owner of a spacecraft through different ground stations in a standardized way. This paper summarizes the status of these definitions and the future steps. It shows how the users can benefit from these definitions and demonstrates the cost savings of such an implementation.


The surrogate ratio technique is described. New results for neutron induced fission cross sections on actinide nuclei, obtained using this technique are presented. The results benchmark the surrogate ratio technique and indicate that the method is accurate to within 5% over a wide energy range. New results for internal conversion coefficients in triaxial strongly deformed bands in 167Lu are also presented.


Interactions between submerged aquatic vegetation and turbulent flow occur at multiple scales. In this paper we present some results concerning the scale of a single plant. The aim was to investigate the modifications to the flow due to the presence of the plant as well as to evaluate the mean drag force acting on the plant. Six experiments were completed in a 12 m long and 0.30 m wide flume. The flume bed was fully covered with gravel particles (d50 = 8.4 mm) and an aquatic plant (Ranunculus penicillatus) was placed and fixed in a section 6.7 m downstream of the flume entrance. In the experiments, the plant consisted of either ten or twenty stems and three different flow scenarios were tested. Velocity vector components were measured at multiple points upstream and downstream of the plants using two Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), and estimates of the drag force were obtained by means of the momentum integral method. The results showed that the turbulent energy downstream of the plant was always larger than upstream, and the difference increased with the number of stems and flow velocity. The power spectral density of the downstream velocity revealed modifications of the conventional turbulent scalings. The integral length scale behind the plant was roughly constant in the vertical direction, indicating that the scaling distance for turbulent structures was the distance from the plant rather than from the bed. The estimated mean drag on the plants increased with number of stems and flow velocity.


Present investigation was carried out to transform indica rice with Bt genes. Two indica genotypes viz., Swarna and APMS6B were used for tissue culture and transformation experiments. Callus induction frequency in MS medium in light was higher than in dark in both the genotypes. Callus was induced early in light incubated cultures. However no significant difference in plant regeneration was observed irrespective of callus source used. Calli derived from mature seeds of two genotypes were subjected to Agrobacterium mediated transformation using two gene constructs-EHA105/pCAMBIA Ac with cry 1 Ac and EHA105/pCAMBIA 1300 UBI-1B with cry 1B. The transient gus expression was more in Swarna. Successful transformation depended on factors including concentration of acetosyringone, concentration of Agrobacterium cells in culture, infiltration time and hygromycin in selection medium.


Quality standard and test method of maximum dry density of grit filler are introduced for bridge culvert retailing backwall refilling of Hua-lin sect project of Jing-hu high.The treatment idea for some special problems confronted in the test is presented.The influence of grit gradation,coarseness and contents of mud on refilling quality is analysed.The feasibility of several compactness test methods frequently used for checking grit compactness is discussed.


Introduction. The paper represents an approach to studying a model of interaction of a system 'pipeline – soil' under conditions of frost penetration and seismic impact. The given problem is connected with the reclamation of the shelf of the Russian sector of the Arctic. There is a feature of induced earthquakes connected with hydrocarbon production. These earthquakes occur in a few years after the beginning of field development and lead to the worst condition of the pipelines. The research aims to the development of a method for subsea pipeline strength assessment allowing for nonlinear properties of an elastic foundation under the seismic impact. Materials and methods. The research is based on mathematical models of structural strength assessment under seismic conditions in the Arctic. The results are empirically obtained from the safety assessment method for a subsea pipeline under the seismic impact. The work was performed by the procedure of the analysis of existing arctic offshore projects. Results. The paper develops suggestions on the analysis of subsea pipelines on a nonlinear elastic foundation under conditions of a seismic impact. The suggestions were submitted for consideration to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Buried below the seabed, the subsea pipelines provide an efficient and safe mode of transporting energy resources. Issues of relations of the subsea pipelines with surrounding and frozen ground are considered, pipeline thermal operation modes and seismic risks resulting in damages to the pipelines are taken into account. Conclusions. Solving the problem of the subsea pipeline condition assessment under arctic conditions is of practical interest in developing energy resource transportation ways. Simulation of a subsea "hot" pipeline is considered allowing for the nonlinearity of elastic foundation properties and seismic impact.


The improvement of postfix trees has assessed the area personality part, and current patterns recommend that the comprehension of the maker buyer issue will before long rise. Indeed, couple of steganographers would differ with the visualization of open private key sets, which encapsulates the strong standards of fake intelligence. Here we focus our endeavors on this demonstrating that e-business and item situated languages are for the most part contrary.


Accurate three-dimensional description of reservoir architecture using outcrop analogs is hampered by limited exposure of essentially two-dimensional outcrops. This study contains the first fully three-dimensional description of ancient marine-influenced point bar sandstones of lower delta-plain distributary channels and is based on the integration of detailed outcrop and drill-hole data, and twoand three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data. The studied outcrops are in the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of east-central Utah. Point bars deposited in marine-influenced, lower delta-plain channels show complex facies and geometries that resemble both fluvial point bars (upward-fining grain-size distribution and laterally stacked inclined bedsets), and tidally influenced point bars (extensive mud drapes on the inclined bedset surfaces and upstream migration of inclined bedsets). The bankfull width and mean bankfull depth were estimated at 225-150 m (738-492 ft) and at 3.9-5.2 m (12.8-17.1 ft), respectively. The heterogeneities in these point-bar deposits include mudstone drapes on the upper bounding surfaces of the inclined bedsets, and mudstone intraclast conglomerates lying on basal erosional scours of inclined bedsets. The spatial distribution of these heterogeneities is determined by direct mapping in outcrop in conjunction with modeling ground-penetrating radar amplitudes by geostatistical techniques. Mudstone layers are generally 5 m (16 ft) in length in the direction parallel to flow with a small percentage of mudstone layers 15 m (49 ft) in length, and 10 m (33 ft) perpendicular to flow, downdip along the inclined beds. The detailed distribution of heterogeneities inside reservoirs potentially affects flow behaviour.


We derive the formula for the near-field radiative heat transfer between dipole particles and a multilayered slab by combing the transmission Green's function and transfer matrix method. In this framework we study the radiative heat transfer (RHT) from a multilayered slab to a particle and the many-body effect of particles. By adjusting the multilayered structure, we optimize heat exchange and achieve a significant enhancement (as high as 7.6 times) in heat transfer from slab to particle. Enhancement occurs at the particle resonance, owing to the surface resonance modulated to couple with the localized resonance of the particle. The roles of the number of layers and particle-slab distance on the enhancement are discussed. For a system of multiple particles horizontally placed above a multilayered slab, we demonstrate that the RHT from slab to particle is significantly inhibited due to strong particle-particle interaction. Analysis of the particle-particle interaction shows that the match of surface resonance and localized resonance of a particle intensifies the interactions among particles, inhibiting heat transfer from slab to particle. This inhibitory effect plays an important role in the tuning of near-field radiation and near-field thermal microscopy.


The quantum chromo dynamic theory have been used to calculation the photons rate in the quark-gluon collisions at Compton scattering depending on the quantum consideration. The effective strength coupling αesc the quantum electro dynamic constant α, photons energy Ephot, square charge of the quarkseQCD 2 ,thermal energy T and Euler constant θEulercoefficients are using to calculation the rate of photons at QCD. Photons rate at ug → dγand cg → dγsystemsare emission in the range 2.33577x10 ≥ RCompton αesc ,T,Ephot ≤ to 3.328∗ 10 with flavor number Nf = 3due to the effective coupling strength energies between


The present invention makes it possible to carry and use the user's favorite, up-to-date information without having to perform any complicated procedure. A portable information terminal can receive, via a parent apparatus interface, content data that is extracted from a HDD in accordance with a control operation performed by a hard disk recording apparatus and transferred via a child apparatus interface, record the received content data in a memory, and reproduce the recorded content data for use. In accordance with the information contained in a preference database and broadcast schedule, the hard disk recording apparatus controls a tuner section to select a user's favorite broadcast program, and records the selected broadcast program on a recording medium. In accordance with reproduction data that is supplied from the portable information terminal, a control section updates tuning instruction information that is stored in the preference database.


The optical absorption coefficient measured at 10.6 μm by CO2 laser calorimetry, β10.6, of KCl and NaCl crystals is found to increase upon irradiation with 60Co γ rays. β10.6 increases faster than the first power of the F center density and shows an approximately linear dependence on M center density for both materials. An additional low intensity γ irradiation of a KCl sample which breaks up the F aggregate centers without increasing the total damage lowers β10.6. A subsequent bleaching of the sample partially restores the absorption. Additively colored KCl containing F and F aggregate centers without interstitials also show an increase in β10.6. Therefore, the increase in absorption at 10.6 μm after irradiation is associated with F aggregate centers rather than Cl° interstitial clusters.

Laser-kalorimetrische Messungen bei 10,6 μm an KCl- and NaCl-Kristallen zeigen erhohte Absorptionskoeffizienten β10.6 nach 60Co-γ-Bestrahlung. In beiden Verbindungen steigt β10.6 wesentlich starker als linear mit der F- und ungefahr linear mit der M-Zentrendichte an. Zusatzliche milde γ-Bestrahlung einer KCl-Probe zerstort die F-Aggregatzentren ohne Erhohung der Gesamtstrahlungsschaden und erniedrigt β10.6. Nachtragliches Aus-bleichen der Probe fuhrt zu teilweiser Wiederherstellung des erhohten β10.6-Wertes. Additiv gefarbtes KCl mit F- und F-Aggregatzentren ohne Zwischengitteratome zeigt ebenfalls erhohte β10.6-Werte. Deshalb hangt die durch Bestrahlung hervorgerufene Erhohung der Absorption bei 10,6 μm mit den Banden der F-Aggregatzentren zusammen und nicht mit den Cl°-Zwischengitteratomgruppen.


Incomplete or incorrect systems analysis can result in expensive rework at a later stage in system development. It is in the interests of all parties involved in a system development endeavour to get the data model right before development begins. The General Practice Computing Group (GPCG) data model and Core Data Set is an emerging industry standard for General Practice systems. It describes and documents clinical activities in general practice, facilitates the exchange of information between general practice and the broader health system as well as providing a foundation for the development of general practice computing applications. Emergence of the Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) ontological model introduced a platform to classify and compare the grammar of conceptual modelling languages. It established a systematic and theoretical basis for the evaluation of grammars. This approach has been adapted in an earlier study, which evaluated a specific instance of a conceptual model rather than the model itself. The model evaluated was in the health domain. The work presented here follows the approach of the earlier study but takes it one step further by gathering empirical evidence to test the hypothesis that ontologically correct models more readily support different users conceptions of a domain. Grounding a model according to ontological principles is an important step in establishing how well it represents reality. This is something that should be undertaken alongside the more ambitious aim of realising the vision of a life-long, portable, fully integrated, health record, and implementing it on a global scale. The work uses the Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) model of ontological correctness. This approach is being used increasingly for the validation of conceptual models. This study differs from earlier ones in that it uses the BWW model to identify problems in an instance of a data model rather than the modelling grammar itself. This paper sets out the theoretical foundations for evaluating this model and presents the results of a pilot study


The Internet has a problem of illegal taking of commercial content. The only way to overcome is not to put it in the public access. If this is not possible, it is necessary to protect it technically and legally. The purpose of the work is to show the possibilities of technical protection against unauthorized reproduction of content, its failure and its potential as a support tool to facilitate the subsequent protection of the legal field.


There are many thresholding methods for image segmentation recently.But it's difficult to find a good method which is the same with the various situations.In this paper we analyze and compare a few segmentation methods by experimenting.And refers to genetic algorithm(GA) to optimize image segmentation through sexpediting the constringency pace.Finally we use a ameliorative algorithm to optimize the image segmentation and get a preferable efficiency.


Objective To compare the efficiency of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node staging for patients with NSCLC,and to explore the correlation between FLT/FDG uptake and Cyclin D1 expression.Methods Thirty-one patients (22 men and 9 women ; ranging from 38 to 84 y) with NSCLC underwent both 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans before surgical resection (tumor resection and lymphnode dissection).Histopathologic results were considered the gold standard.Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry was regarded as the tumor cell proliferation index.Analysis of variance,x2 test and linear correlation were performed using SPSS 12.0.Results The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and positive predictive value of 18 F-FLT PET/CT for lymph node staging were 65%(39/60),98%(291/296),93%(330/356)and 85%(39/46),and for 1sF-FDG PET/CT,were 85%(51/60),84% (249/296),84%(300/356)and 52%(51/98),respectively (x2=6.40,32.89,12.40,14.32,2.98,all P<0.05).For N staging,77.4%(24/31) patients were correctly staged,6.5% (2/31) were overstaged,and 16.1%(5/31) were understaged by 18 F-FLT PET/CT; while those results for 18 F-FDG PET/CT were 77.4% (24/31),16.1%(5/31) and 6.5%(2/31),respectively.Tumor FLT SUVmax was correlated significantly with Cyclin D1 expression (r=0.644,P<0.01),but FDG SUV,max was not (r=0.293,P>0.05).FLT SUVmax in late stages was higher than that in early stages (F=12.2,P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between FDG SUVmax of different stages (F=3.1,P>0.05).There was no significant difference between SUVmax of FLT and FDG among different pathological types (F=1.1,0.6,both P>0.05) and differentiation(F=0.8,1.1,both P>0.05).Conclusions NSCLC patients are more frequently understaged but less frequently overstaged during N staging by 18F-FLT PET/CT compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT.18F-FLT PET/CT has lower sensitivity,but higher specificity,accuracy and positive predictive value for N staging of NSCLC.FLT uptake and Cyclin D1 expression is correlated in NSCLC.

Key words:
Carcinoma,non-small cell lung; Neoplasm staging; Tomography,emission-computed; Tomography,X-ray computed; Deoxyglucose; Thymidine


Using a structural VAR with block exogeneity, diagonality and identifying restrictions, this paper analyzes: first, the macroeconomic linkages among the oil price, U.S. output, interest rate, money supply, general price level and exchange rate; and second, the relationships of the macroeconomic variables with the price indices of ten international nonfuel commodity groups. By assuming the block exogeneity of U.S. macroeconomic variables with respect to the international nonfuel commodity prices, the paper discusses how exogenous oil/macroeconomic shocks affect the international commodity prices. It finally explores which oil/macroeconomic shocks are important in explaining the variations in international commodity prices. The results show that the sources of major fluctuations in the international commodities differ greatly by commodity. Soft and hard commodity prices such as those of "seafood", "industrial metals", and "gold" seem to be strongly affected by the financial factor. Moreover, for some commodities, price fluctuations are more affected by the financial factor than by the real factor, supporting the view of "financialization" of commodities. Those commodities include "vegetable oils and protein meals", "meat", "seafood", and "industrial metals". The financial factor is also an important source of fluctuations in the oil prices. Oil price shocks have effects on the volatilities of interest rates, money supply, and general price level instantly, as well as on the exchange rate instead of the general price two years after the shock. Over the whole forecasting horizon, the degree of exchange rate passthrough is low on the general price level but is positive and high on oil and nonfuel international commodity prices.


Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to gain a better understanding of the experiences of mathematics anxiety that some women elementary preservice teachers encounter while learning mathematics during their own K-12 years. Specifically, this chapter is an analysis of the personal well-remembered events (WREs) told and recorded by women during their preservice teaching professional sequence. These narrative writings provide a powerful voice for the degree to which mathematics anxiety shape preservice teachers' beliefs on what it means to learn mathematics. This intersection of teacher knowledge is important, as these are women who are on the professional track to teach mathematics. The focused analysis for this chapter is aimed at ways in which teacher preparation programs could broaden current views of women who have anxiety and confidence issues in mathematics.


Titanium, Zr, and Ti--Cu alloys were prepared by levitation melting under Ar in the compositions 0.5, 1.0, formation was the effect of surface rumpling. Previously polished samples that showed a rumpled surface after transformation were assumed to have undergone martensitic transformation; transformations of a diffusion type produce no surface disturbance. For all metals and alloys a gradual depression of transformation temperature with increasing cooling rate was recorded, to the critical cooling rate. At and above this rate, the transformation temperature was constant. An 8% Cu alloy showed no signs of martensitic transformation. Twins were observed in polished and martensitically transformed Ti and Ti-- Cu samples. (P.C.H.)


Rome was founded from a city-state.However,it developed into an empire across Europe,Asia and Africa in a short time.With the geographical expansion of the nation,the increasing of the ethnic groups and the changes of the situation,the rulers of Rome timely adjusted their ruling policy which partly reflected in the gradual expansion of citizenship.In other word,rulers adjusted the ethnic relations and firmed their domination by expanding the citizenship which has important influence in Rome.


Objective To study the serotypes,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes and molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from foodborne diseases during 2010—2013 in Guangzhou. Methods A total of108 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from foodborne diseases were collected to serotype and antimicrobial resistance tests. PCR was used for the detection of tdh( thermostable direct hemolysin gene) and trh( tdh-related hemolysin gene). All the samples were analyzed by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis( PFGE). Results A total of 108 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained from diarrhea patients with foodborne diseases were collected,among which O3: K6( 51,47. 2%) and O1: KUT( 32,29. 6%) were the dominant serotypes. Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated showed high resistance to ampicillin( 90. 7%) and cefepime( 28. 8%),but were 100. 0% sensitive to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol.Multi- drug resistance was revealed in 53. 6%( 15 /28),20. 6%( 7 /34),18. 8%( 3 /16) and 33. 3%( 10 /30) of isolated strains in 2010,2011,2012 and 2013,respectively. Results from virulence gene detection suggested that 95. 4%( 103 /108) isolates belonged to tdh+trh-,while 4. 6%( 5 /108) isolates belonged to tdh-trh+. Results from PFGE analysis suggested that 108 isolates were discriminated into 3 clusters and 55 different PFGE patterns with the similarity value between 60. 2% and 100. 0%. The dominant serotype O3: K6 and O1: KUT seemed to gather in the cluster II,while serotype O4: K8 in cluster Ⅲ. Conclusion O3: K6 and O1: KUT are the dominant serotypes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from foodborne diseases during 2010—2013 in Guangzhou. These strains show high sensitivity to most antibiotics,but with multi- drug resistance. Positive rate of tdh gene is high. PFGE analysis reveals genetic diversity is within the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of foodborne diseases in Guangzhou.