HUMAN beings have long observed the development of affection or love in the neonate and infant. It is an obvious fact that this early affection of the infant is first intimately bound to the mother and then gradually expands, through mechanisms by no means well known, to other human beings. Observational evidence, often controlled, orderly, and systematic, has led scientists to speculate both on the nature of the early affectional responses and the development and generalization of these responses. Although experimental psychologists have given little attention to the fundamental nature or development of affection, their common theoretical position is that affection is a derived drive developed through the repeated association of the mother with reduction of the primary biological drives, particularly hunger and thirst. A wide diversity of theoretical positions has been held by various psychoanalysts. Some, such as Klein (3), have emphasized the breast as an object for which the infant innately strives and connects, whereas others, including Winnecoot (7) and Ribble (5), have described broader innate needs relating to contact, movement, and temperature. Bowlby 2 has given approximately equal emphasis to primary clinging (contact) and sucking as innate affectional components, and at a later maturational level, visual and auditory following. The role of visual and auditory following (imprinting) has been stressed by Lorenz (4) and other ethologists as primary innate mechanisms binding the infant bird and fish to the mother. Even if similar mechanisms exist in the primate, they appear at a later developmental stage and play less important roles than they do in lower animals.


An image processing apparatus is provided to determine an exact end line of a pictured subject which is not elliptical. An image processing apparatus(200) is mounted to a machine vision based system to generate and output various information with regard to the size of a subject pictured. A video data binary-coding unit(210) binary-codes image data by a preset method. A subject detection unit(220) detects pixels(subject pixels) to make the subject by analyzing binary image data. An index information generating unit(230) classifies the subject pixels having connectivity among the extracted subject pixels and assigns identification information to each subject.


Abstract Policy responses to population ageing have focused on lengthening working lives, overlooking inequalities in older adults' participation in unpaid activities. This paper examines participation in paid and unpaid activities between the ages of 55 and 70 to answer two questions: how do people navigate pathways of paid work, informal care, volunteering, civic participation and housework in mid to later life?; and how do these pathways relate to gender, socio-economic and health inequalities? Two-staged latent class analysis was used to identify activity pathways using data from the British Household Panel Survey (1996–2008). Multinomial logistic models assessed associations between latent pathways and socio-demographic and health characteristics. Three pathways were observed: full-time work to low activity (49%), part-time and in-home work (34%) and multiple activities (16%). Aside from retirement from full-time work, the pathways of participation in paid and unpaid activities were characterised by continuity; substitution between different forms of paid and unpaid work was not observed. Participation in multiple paid and unpaid activities was more common for respondents in better health and of higher socio-economic status. Since the promotion of paid work and volunteering in later life may mainly benefit individuals in advantaged circumstances, policies should avoid taking a blanket approach to encouraging participation in multiple activities, a key component of active ageing.


The univariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart, which will be called the EWMA chart hereafter is a good alternative to the Shewhart control chart when one is interested in detecting small shifts quickly. The performance of the EWMA control chart is comparable to that of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart but the former is easier to set up and operate. In this paper, an approach by means of transformation of using the EWMA chart in a multivariate process monitoring will be discussed.

 Keywords: EWMA; CUSUM; MEWMA; Hotelling; noncentrality parameter; mean vector; covariance matrix; average run length; in-control; out-of-control


As solar photovoltaic technology is deployed in snowier and more northern locations and bifacial module use continues to increase, ground albedo from snow plays a significant role in the energy output of these systems. Accurately knowing the ground albedo allows for more accurate production models. Here we use multiple years of measured snow and albedo data from 6 locations to develop a snow albedo change model that uses time and temperature as the major inputs.


The safe and clean water is necessary to the most of rural community. Slow sand system was proven to be sustainable and reliable drinking water treatment The majority of Sambo community using river as a source their daily activity. The water of the river containing a very high degree of contamination. The purpose of this study is to determine the model of Wisolo River Water treatment in order to obtain Clean Water in Sambo Village and then checked whether the physical content of the river water meets the water quality standard. From the results of the study using 3 (three) models of Wisolo River water filter processing layer variations, which are most ideal to use and meet the physical quality standards of clean water based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the layer variations in model I, namely with successive material composition from bottom to top: gravel = 20 cm, palm fiber = 20 cm, and sand = 50 cm.


A de-Sitter gauge theory of the gravitational field is developed using a spherical symmetric Minkowski space–time as base manifold. The gravitational field is described by gauge potentials and the mathematical structure of the underlying space–time is not affected by physical events. The field equations are written and their solutions without singularities are obtained by imposing some constraints on the invariants of the model. An example of such a solution is given and its dependence on the cosmological constant is studied. A comparison with results obtained in General Relativity theory is also presented.


The purpose of this study is to propose the planning method for the allocation of the Tsunami evacuation facilities. The study area is Susaki city in Kochi prefecture. Firstly, the questionnaire for the resident is carried out to get residentsawareness for disaster prevention. From the results of the Tsunami flooding simulation and the evacuation action simulation, the flooding area in Susaki and the number of population which could not evacuate are estimated. Next, we developedthefacility location model considered the selected flooding area and the residents on the area. This model assumed to be able to evacuate all residents.


The words such as "discrimination"and "name"in Xunzi pointed to discourse action and its achievements,which closed to literature in later ages.Although Xunzi's thought of name-discrimination didn't directly related to literature,it indirectly related to literature as meta-theory.His thought mainly imposed authoritarian ethical rules rather than established some expression skills as pure logical thinking.The core of his thought was "right against evil",but the "right"measure established according to political interests of dictatorships' ruler rather than on the basis of discourse and its history.Therefore Xunzi's thought of name-discrimination belong to ethics rather than logistics.


In data-driven operational processes, analytical applications are increasingly being used to support business users in processing their individual tasks. During development of analytical applications, the extensive content and design coordination between heterogeneous user groups on the one hand and the technical software developers on the other hand is often accompanied by ambiguous and fragmented documentation of user requirements. To support clear and comprehensive requirements documentation, this work describes the development and evaluation of a modeling approach for the user-sided conceptual configuration of planned analytical applications utilizing integrated analytical services and their coupling with process models. This approach addresses the specification of individual analytical use cases as well as of the overall analytical application and considers the desired scope of analytical self-service functions.


Modern fighter aircraft windscreens and canopies are typically made of curved, transparent plastic for improved aero-dynamics and bird-strike protection. Since they are curved these transparencies often refract light in such a way that a pilot looking through the transparency will see a target in a location other than where it really is. This effect has been known for many years and methods to correct the aircraft head- up display (HUD) for these angular deviations have been developed and employed. The same problem occurs for helmet- mounted display/trackers (HMD/Ts) used for target acquisition. However, in this case, the pilot can look through any part of the transparency instead of being constrained to just the forward section as in the case of the HUD and his/her head position can be anywhere in a rather large motion box. To explore the magnitude of these aiming errors several F-15, F- 16, F-18, and F-22 transparency systems were measured from a total of 12 different eye positions centered around the HMD Eye (the HMD Eye was defined to be a point 1.25 inches to the right of the aircraft Design Eye). The collection of eye points for assessing HMT/D aiming accuracy were: HMD Eye, 3 inches left and right of HMD Eye, 2 inches above HMD Eye, and 2 inches forward of HMD Eye plus all combinations of these. Results from these measurements along with recommendations regarding means of assessing 'goodness' of correction algorithms are presented.


With the rapid development and the wide application of high-tech such as computer technology and internet, map publish is developing from traditional analogue phase to digital phase. This paper analyzes the problems in data input of digital map publish especially in vector data input, and indicates the importance of multi-source vector data use. It also discusses the theory about it, and puts forward three steps such as source data description, data structure mapping and data recombination. An example about MapGIS ASCⅡ format data is provided in the end.


Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction / Patrick Stokes and Adam Buben 1. Knights and Knaves of the Living Dead: Kierkegaard's Use of Living Death as a Metaphor for Despair/ George Connell 2. To Die And Yet Not Die: Kierkegaard's Theophany of Death / Simon D. Podmore 3. Christian Hate: Death, Dying, and Reason in Pascal and Kierkegaard / Adam Buben 4. Suicide and Despair / Marius Timmann Mjaaland 5. Thinking Death Into Every Moment: The Existence-Problem of Dying in Kierkegaard's Postscript / Paul Muench 6. Death and Ethics in Kierkegaard's Postscript / David D. Possen 7. The Intimate Agency of Death / Edward F. Mooney 8. A Critical Perspective on Kierkegaard's "At a Graveside" / Gordon D. Marino 9. Life-Narrative and Death as the End of Freedom: Kierkegaard on Anticipatory Resoluteness / John J. Davenport 10. Heidegger and Kierkegaard on Death: The Existentiell and the Existential / Charles Guignon 11. Kierkegaard, Levinas, Derrida: The Death of the Other / Laura Llevadot 12. Derrida, Judge William, and Death / Ian Duckles 13. The Soft Weeping of Desire's Loss: Recognition, Phenomenality, and the One Who Is Dead in Kierkegaard / Jeremy Allen 14. Duties to the Dead? Earnest Imagination and Remembrance / Patrick Stokes 15. Kierkegaard's Understanding of the Afterlife / Tamara Monet Marks Notes Index Contributors


Ternary NiFeTiOOH Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Study of the Effect of the Addition of Ti at Different Loadings
 Wenjamin Moschkowitsch and Lior Elbaz
 Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
 The demand for energy is expected to grow rapidly in the next decades, but it cannot be solely fulfilled with fossil fuel-based technologies without having a huge impact on the environment. The shift to production of clean energy from alternative sources, such as wind and sun, raise the importance of energy storage technologies. One of the most prominent solutions is storing surplus energy, harvested at peak production times and seasons, in hydrogen. However, the production of hydrogen with methods that require as little energy as possible, as well as being sustainable, environmentally friendly and cheap, are still considered to be a big challenge.
 Water electrolysis is the simplest industrial process for hydrogen production, and can be linked to fuel cells technology. Among the available electrolyzers, alkaline electrolyzers (ALE) are considered state-of-the-art. Although they can work with platinum-group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts, unfortunately, this technology still requires the use of PGM catalysts in order to increase the current density, and lower the reaction activation energy.
 In electrolyzers, water splits into oxygen and hydrogen in two separate reactions, taking place at the anode and cathode. The cathodic reaction is the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), which is considered to be relatively facile. The anodic, Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), is considered to be much more difficult, since it is a four-electron process with very sluggish kinetics. The best known catalysts for this reaction in acidic medium are IrO2 and RuO2, oxides of very rare and precious metals (Ir is the scarcest metal on earth's crust). In addition, in acidic medium, most PGM-free catalysts, based on earth abundant elements, are considered unstable (these conditions have also shown to be detrimental for Ir and Ru-based catalysts). In contrast, in ALEs, PGM-free catalysts have shown to be a good alternative to PGM catalysts. The most common OER PGM-free catalysts are first-row transition metals in their oxide, hydroxide and oxyhydroxide forms.One such catalyst is nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH). The structure of this specific catalyst has been studied in great detail by many different research groups, yet there are several open questions regarding the OER mechanism, i.e. the exact catalytic center and active phase.Recent studies suggest that pure NiOOH is not very active at all, and that all of the activity can be attributed to iron impurities.Indeed, NiFeOOH with iron content of 15-25 %at, has a much higher activity and a much lower overpotential compared to other PGM-free catalysts. It can thus be regarded as a benchmark for this class of OER catalysts.It is well accepted by now that the bimetallic catalyst further increases the intrinsic catalytic activity, and that addition of other transition metals,can further increase it.


Thermal and microstructure analyses were made and a constitution diagram was plotted for TiFe/sub 2/-V. It is shown that the system is quasi-binary and the eutectics take place at a melting point of 1400 tained C. The components of the system are interdiffusing and two single phases ( /sub 1/ and ore resistant t ) and one double phase ( /sub 1/ + ore resistant t ) were observed. The solid soluttons of TiFe( /sub 1/) increase in hardness with the increase of vanadium. (R.V.J.)


: With the launch of the "Study of College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training" and other construction innovation and entrepreneurship education has become a hot issue in current university education research. On the basis of years of teaching practice in physics, aiming at improving the ability of college students to innovate and create, they share the teaching resources of various professions. This paper discusses the exploration and practical experience of the new applied physics major in the past six years from the aspects of professional construction, talent training objectives and training program determination, curriculum system reform and practical teaching construction. It is proposed that the new application major should focus on strengthening the curriculum system construction. Pay attention to the cultivation of students' practical and innovative abilities, so as to better ensure the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and physics.


The study summarizes the experience of treatment of 327 patients with limb bone fractures, which undergone locked intramedullary nailing. There were examined and analyzed main mistakes done by surgeons while carrying out locked intramedullary nailing. Main causes of mistakes are violations of tactical bases of this technique and technical defects among which lack of preoperative planning is most significant.


This study investigated difference with expertise in the relation between the intentions and situational behavior of the initial meeting with a new customer in personal selling. Three kinds of mental resource that influence on the intention and situational behavior was hypothesized. They were a) organizational policy of selling, b) action goal and its implementation intention, c) purport of the meeting and its implementation intention which consists of example actions and particular attitude set. In the experiment, after effective and less effective salespeople were given an organizational policy of selling and the information of a prospective customer, they reported what they would prepare to do for the initial meeting. Then they watched a video picture of the meeting and assessed a model salesperson's behavior as well as reporting the actions that they would have made. The difference in the intentions was found and the difference well explained the two groups' situational behavior.


Iopamidol was synthesized from 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-phthaloyl dichloride via N-acylation and amidation to give N,N′-bis[2-hydroxy-(1-hydroxymethyl) ethyl]-5-[(2S)-(2-acetoxy)propionamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3- phthalamide,which was subjected to acidic deacetylation with an overall yield of about 78%.


The corresponding cultivation techniques of wheat and corn double cropping production of 22 500 kg/hm 2 were summarized.The input,output and net income of wheat and corn double high yield cultivation were analyzed,and the soil fertility changes since the implementation of the test items were counted.Provided that dual high yield of wheat and corn would be able to achieve with scientific guidance and increasing inputs,driven by the high yield create activities.It was pointed out that it could be achieve high yield and efficient,environmentally friendly,sustainable development if according to local conditions,selecting seed reasonable,fertilizing with soil testing.


THIs is not the first tim-e that the British Medical Association has come to Edinburgh. The city has beeln honouured as itsmeetingplace oni three previous occasionsin 1858, in 1875, and in 1898. In 1858 the meeting was presided over by Dr. Williamii Pultiney Allison, professor of medicine in the University of Edinb-urgh. Tlhe nutmber of members attendinig the meeting is rvcorded as 170. In 1875 the President was Sir Robert Clhristisoni, professor of materia medica in the Uiniversitv of Edinibulrghl. The unuber of members attending.themeeting is recorded as 1,003. In 1898 the mneeting was presided over by -Sir Thomas Grainger Stevwart, professolr of medicinie in the UJniversity of Edinburgh. The nunmber ofmemnbers attending themeeting is recoTded at 1,915 (inclulding 64 foreign guests and visitors). To-night, on the occasio-n of this reassemblage, there falls to me the privilege of offering to the Association, and to its distinguished guests frem all parts of the world, a veryhearty welcome onl behalf ofthe profession and the citizens of Edinburgh and the surronnding country. Most of you are familiar with the nanae of the arneient city. Some of you have beeni drawn-i to the meeting by the farme of her univer&ity and medieal school. Many have returned witlh filial lonigings to the kincdly mother-still going strong,notwithstanding the 345 summ-ers she has seenand will revisit the old school and its iA-easant bvways. Somiie of you are here because ofthe romance of her history and the ltire of her streets and wrynds. Weiruist that all of you will feel at home and enjoy one of the times of your life. In biddling yon welcome, it is likewise my dutiful wish to tender to the members of the Association, and partiecularly to colleagues in theFEinhbrgh area, grateful andrespectfulthanks for their graciousness in inviting me ocuipythis chair. The presidentship carries with it not onIly honouir, but responsibilities. I shoukl gladly have seen those borne byshoulldersnwre worthy of botlh. As it is, I thank you from the bottom of myheart.


Dynamic layer deactivation in context-oriented programming (COP) allows a layer to be dynamically disabled in the running application in a disciplined way. Deactivating a layer may lead to an error if there is another layer which has been activated but depends on the deactivated layer in the sense that the latter calls a method that exists only in the former. A type system or static analysis might be able to check the absence of such depending layers at each deactivation point but it would not be very easy, especially in the open-world setting. We argue that the on-demand activation, which implicitly activates all layers on which currently activated layer depends, addresses this problem. In this mechanism, the precedent layer deactivation is canceled when the depending layer requires the implementation of the deactivated layer. This means that this mechanism can ensure that all method calls succeed without performing the checks of absent depending layers, which simplifies the type system. We formalize this idea as an extension of ContextFJ, a COP extension of Featherweight Java, and prove its type soundness.


Vector measure theory and Bochner integration have been well-studied over the past century. This work is an introduction to both theories and explores various examples and applications in each. The theories and theorems are pre-existing, whereas the examples and discussions are mine. Our primary examples of vector measures are toy vector measures, which serve as a class of elementary yet nontrivial structures that enables us to grasp the spirit and essence of the advanced theory, both on the conceptual and technical level. We also discuss random measures as special cases of vector measures. The theory of Bochner integration is introduced as a framework for the Radon-Nikodým Property, which comes from the failure of the Radon-Nikodým Theorem to hold when generalized to Banach spaces. The consequences of this failure as well as Rieffel's extension of the theorem are discussed in Chapter 2. Finally, we conclude with a brief introduction to Hilbert quantum theory and quantum probability and introduce possible vector extensions of quantum probability theory.


Purpose – To make easier the estimation of maintenance cost of airframes, using commercial software and considering reliability's conditions.Design/methodology/approach – It was possible to propose a new method using commercial reliability software. Stress load is included as a random variable in reliability analysis. An example is done. The results are compared with other works.Findings – It is easier and faster to apply than the methodology proposed by other authors.Originality/value – This paper suggests an easy way of evaluating the economic life of aircraft structures. The calculated optimal stress distribution function can be used with commercial reliability software to estimate the crack size population.


The formation of the crystalline Ag50Pd50 solid solution during mechanical alloying under shock interaction of Ag and Pd metallic powders has been studied using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The process involved for impact interaction occurs via the incorporation of the small Pd particles into the Ag matrix in which, under the action of mechanical strain, the mutual diffusion of Ag and Pd leads to the formation of two solid solutions, one rich in Ag and the other rich in Pd. Further grinding allows the homogenization of the two Ag and Pd solid solutions whose composition changes to finally reach the initial Ag50Pd50 composition. The defects as dislocations generated by the impact conditions may be responsible for the reaction mechanism.


Calix[4]arenedialkyl ethers 3 react with an excess of acylisocyanates to give selectively monoacylated products 4. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric effects of the acylcarbamate fragments are most likely responsible for the high selectivity of this monoprotection. [reaction: see text]


ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with placenta previa in patients presenting to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Peshawar. Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods:


Freedom is a big, broad word—a capacious concept. It seems open and welcoming, frank and approachable. Such a natural pairing: rhetoric and freedom. There is an invitational gesture of sorts in each of the three passages that begin this piece: the speakers/writers offer to give over a polis, a choice, a collective experience to savor. For Pericles the gift of freedom is consolation and justification for the losses of war; for Burke (1950), freedom is the precondition of choice and will, essential to his sense of the human; Pussy Riot, on a more celebratory note, extends an invitation to freedom's banquet but tacitly acknowledges that that invitation needs to be accepted. The sixty and more rhetoricians who gathered to mull over this pairing of rhetoric and freedom in San Antonio in May 2014 at the biennial symposium of the American Society of the History of Rhetoric brought with them that open spirit—a utopian urge to pursue freedom as a ground, a practice, and a potential outcome of rhetorical action. They also brought their deep rhetorical knowledge of the complexities of this subject: their awareness that this long-standing relationship between rhetoric and freedom is paradoxical, fraught with deception, and at times a spur to violence.


Since 1992, the primary industry of Hunan has been unable to make contribution to the growth of employment. Although the employment elasticity of the secondary industry decreases progressively, the development of the secondary industry of Hunan can still hold the growth of employed population. The employment elasticity of the tertiary industry has also been demonstrating the phenomenon of dropping, but the employment elasticity of the tertiary industry is far higher than that of secondary industry, it is the main field of absorbing the surplus and incoming laborforce. We should develop the trade in the tertiary industry energetically which make great contribution to employment and the employment elasticity of which is great, should pay attention to supporting the small and medium-sized enterprise, and develop non-public economy aggressively, encourage the enterprise to create more posts of employment, strenthen the employment and re-employment service, continue to develop the township enterprise.


According to the main assumptions of the Resilience Engineering approach, one of the main challenges of safety management in organizations is to strike balance between pre-planned preparedness and situation-driven acting. In order to act in an adaptive way in unexpected situations, and to develop structures and processes, organizations need to create appropriate shared awareness of what they understand by system safety. Beyond this, there must be sufficient understanding of actual work practices and how they support system safety and resilience. An ecological analysis of practice for the facilitation of these aims will be proposed in the paper. It is also important for the control of safety that the used technologies and tools couple smoothly with human conduct. A concept of systems usability will be proposed as the quality criterion for evaluation of technologies. The evaluation exploits the analysis of performance outcome, practices and user experience and focuses on testing the tools' capability to facilitate resilience of the system. Demonstration of the use of the outlined analysis of practices and tools is based on own research in different safety critical complex work domains. Keyword: safety management; complex sociotechnical systems; interpretative practice; systems usability


Equations of motion are generated for an idealised model spherical galaxy or globular cluster evolving from the epoch of galactic separation until it attains a semi-equilibrium state through gravitational collapse. The theoretical radial surface density is computed and compared with two globular clusters, M15 and M80, and shows a good fit to observational data. The model is contrasted with King's model, and mean cycle time and velocity are computed. The velocity-radius curve is developed, and Gaussian RMS values derived from which half-light radius vs. mass are plotted for 735 spherical objects, including 544 normal ellipticals and compact, massive, and intermediate mass objects. These latter show a linear mean log-log $R-M_{vir}$ slope of ${0.604\pm0.003}$, equivalent to a Faber-Jackson slope of $\gamma=3.66{\pm}0.009$ over a mass range of 7 decades. and a slope of $0.0045\pm0.0001$ on a semi-log plot of $R_{1/2}-\sigma$. Globular clusters, dwarf elliptical and dwarf spherical galaxies show a distinct anomaly on these plots, consistent with the ellipticals containing a supermassive black hole (SMBH) whose mass increases as the velocity dispersion increases, compared with the remaining types of spherical or irregular galaxies without a massive core.


The term 'apparent depth' is commonly treated in textbooks as an issue easily understandable from the point of view of paraxial optical geometrical optics. Nevertheless, everyday life tells us that most of the time the observation of objects immersed in water is made under a great range of visual angles where the paraxial approximation is not valid. Here we developed a non-paraxial treatment to calculate the position and shape of the image of objects immersed in liquids of different refractive indices. The approach was focused on the parametric positions of the images of a single point at different viewing angles. Then we calculated how the image of an extended object is distorted. By using the Matlab software, it is possible to visualize the images for different geometrical conditions. We also include the analysis for refractive index with negative values as is the case of metamaterials.


The sizing amount is regarded as the key process parameter in cold precision sizing based on the hollow devided-flow processing for spur gear with modulus greater than 3.According to the generalized Hooke's Law,the minimum value of sizing amount was calculated.On the basis of forward cold extrusion with hollow divided-flow sizing process,the three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element model of spur gear was established.The software Deform-3D was used to simulate the forming process,through which the variation laws of sizing amount and relative thickness on springback were obtained.Corresponding experiments were carried out and the results showed that the simulating result was credible.Meanwhile,the results provide the reference for the optimization of sizing amount on the gear surface in the performing process.


This paper studied factors affecting Fenton oxidation treatment for pulp and paper effluent, optimum conditions have been studied, and new method for further improve the removal of COD and color has been founded, by improving the traditional process of steps.


China clay-alumina mixtures were sintered at 1400°- 1600°C for 2–12 hrs. Four different sources of alumina and a variety of mineralisers were evaluated. Mullitization from 40 to 100 per cent takes place, depending upon the fineness of alumina, clay/alumina ratio, sintering temperature, and time and mineralisers. Finer alumina and a clay/alumina ratio of 57/43 are preferable. Transition metal oxides were generally more effective and the optimum amount was about 1 per cent. Porosity of the sintered products varied between 4 and 40 per cent.


Hypoglycaemia is a major barrier to intensive glycaemic control and although the 2016 National Diabetes Inpatient Audit showed that the prevalence of hypoglycaemia has decreased from 26% to 20% since 2011, 1 in 5 inpatients with diabetes still experience hypoglycaemia during their hospital stay. Consequently, it is vital to evaluate whether nursing staff have the right knowledge to manage hypoglycaemia and if not, the reasons why. Using a questionnaire, a study was carried out at a large inner-city hospital in order to identify any gaps in hypoglycaemia management between nursing staff on the diabetes, vascular and critical care wards. As expected, the snapshot audit showed more hypoglycaemia episodes occurred in the diabetes wards and patients across the three wards mostly experienced hypoglycaemia during the night. Therefore, the difference between the day and night shift nurses' hypoglycaemia management was also evaluated. © 2018 SB Communications Group.. All Rights Reserved.


Employing the idea of collaborative filtering in personalized recommendation,this paper proposes a recommendation-propagation platform model of scientific literatures in which users'similarities are computed based on peer review.Through this recommendation-propagation system,each researcher can recommend his/her or other's scientific literatures to the nearest neighbors(those researchers with similar research interests) in scientific community networks.By this way,effectively obtaining and actively introducing scientific literatures are interwoven by the peer collaborative filtering recommendation mechanism.Based on multi-agent simulation,this paper validates the performance of the recommendation-propagation platform system.


This paper develops a wage-setting/price-setting macroeconomic model that incorporates the impact that financial and monetary factors are likely to have on the determination of the NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment). The model pays particular attention to the way that the wage and price behaviour is modified when the role of the financial structure of consumption and investment expenditures is explicitly considered; based on this modification, it also addresses the influence of monetary policy stance and of banking sector's lending practices on the NAIRU. Further, the 'hysteresis' effects of finance arising from variations in private sector's outstanding debt are explored, in conjunction with the 'hysteresis' effects derived from changes in the size and composition of capital stock. The policy implications drawn from our analysis are briefly discussed with particular emphasis placed on the role that monetary policy is likely to play in the compatibility of the NAIRU with full employment.


A histological and ultrastructural study of the effects of subcutaneously injected cadmium chloride (CdCl/sub 2/) on the vasculature of the cryptorchid and scrotal testis of the rat was performed. Edema associated with cadmium injury was visible at 3 h and the damage progressed in both cryptorchid and scrotal testes after 6 h and 24 h. The primary ultrastructural effects consisted of changes in the endothelial cell junctions of intratesticular capillaries which progressed from a decrease in membrane-associated electron density at 3 h to actual separation of endothelial cells 6 h after cadmium injection. These changes were more pronounced at each time period in the cryptorchid than in the scrotal testis. Obvious changes in pinocytotic activity of endothelial and perivascular cells were not seen after CdCl/sub 2/ injection in either group of animals.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, defined as idiopathic hypertrophy of a non-dilated ventricle, has a range of morphological and clinical features and can occur from infancy to old age.' Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although initially regarded as a rare disorder of young patients with symptoms, is probably not uncommon. In the early years, after the first descriptions of the disease, most clinical studies came from a few tertiary referral centres2 this biased selection towards young patients with symptoms who had a disease characterised by asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.?5 Since then, however, it has become apparent, particularly with the widespread application of echocardiography, that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs in patients of all ages with or without regional septal hypertrophy, an outflow tract gradient, or symptoms."'2


In vitrectomy, excision of the peripheral vitreous is important to obtain better surgical outcomes as well as to prevent postoperative complications, such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis.1–3 There are several methods to observe peripheral fundus during vitrectomy: the wide-angle viewing system, prismatic contact lenses, and scleral depression. Although the wide-angle viewing system allows for observation of wider area, image resolution and stereopsis are limited when compared with the contact lens system.4 The conventional prismatic lens system provides a clear view of the surgical field, but prismatic lenses with greater prism angle (30 or 45°) have significant amount of chromatic aberrations, resulting in blurring of the peripheral image.5 In addition, observation of the ora serrate is not possible with the prismatic lenses. Scleral depression method offers observation with good image resolution and stereopsis, but it can be painful for patients and technically challenging in sutureless microincision vitrectomy. We developed new truncated prismatic contact lenses for clear view of the peripheral fundus during vitrectomy. Because the lenses are very thin with smaller prism angles, they have less chromatic aberrations and distortion, allowing for clearer view of the peripheral fundus.


In order to support the high data rate up to 1Gb/s in the future broadband wireless communication system, collaborative communication should be employed to improve the effective network coverage by fully reusing the limited multidimensional resources such as the frequency, time and spatial resources. As a reasonable combination of the collaborative signal processing and the error control coding technology, coded cooperation could be utilized to secure the collaborative communication with high reliability, and therefore is one of the most important enabling techniques for the broadband wireless communications in the near future. It is shown in this paper that the practical implementation of some specific coded cooperation scheme is dependent on either the full duplex communication or the half-duplex communication is used. Moreover, the choice of the coded cooperation schemes should be suitable for the specific network communication model and environment. It is concluded that adaptive coded cooperation and network coded cooperation are two promising deployment settings in the future applications.


With the advent of a global pandemic, the world changed drastically with a wave of new technologies. The teaching learning process also saw an overwhelming change, where both teachers and students communicated via online. To facilitate such interactions, several tools were developed. Many online video conferencing platforms were vividly used starting from Google Meet to Microsoft Teams, etc. A new approach demands usage of new techniques, software, hardware and often platforms. The specific task of writing in a teaching learning scenario is of eminent importance and it often requires using hardware extensions such as digital writing pads, stylus, etc. Such external hardware devices can be categorised based on how easy and effective they are for communication. Adopting the basic feature of air tapping in head-mounted displays such as Microsoft Hololens for augmented reality applications, here we devised a platform which enables a person to write on a virtual board. To be specific, we proposed a system called virtual board, that enables a person to write "in-the-air" using a pointing device and which automatically translates into text. This enhances the task of writing in a teaching learning scenario. To justify its usability, we performed a subjective test. Participants were asked to perform a similar task both on our proposed virtual board and also on a commonly used digital writing pad. A post-session questionnaire was provided to the participants based on the experiment. Results obtained after analysing the feedback in form of responses clearly showcase that the developed system is truly accepted in terms of the ease of learning and writing, and its effectiveness in a virtual teaching learning environment.


In Dan Cake v. Hungary, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) issued a rare finding of denial of justice in its adjudication of the claims by Portuguese investor Dan Cake, alleging that the Hungarian court's actions during the liquidation proceedings of its subsidiary were a violation of the fair and equitable treatment provision of the Hungary-Portugal Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). The decision adds an example of the factual circumstances that lead to a finding of denial of justice and reaffirms the stringent requirements that need to be satisfied in order to succeed on such a claim.


IEC grounding terminology provides concise descriptions of system configurations requiring a sentence or more using familiar North American verbiage. However, without relation to known systems, simple representations using only five letters of the alphabet join the list of meaningless acronyms that clutter our life. This paper begins with definitions of the five letters used to describe IEC grounding systems and follows with wiring diagrams that include North American terminology. Examples of global configuration applications are included. System variations are presented along with strengths and weaknesses to provide additional understanding of both grounding and grounded conductors.


This study aims at examining the relationship between the learner's socially participatory art creation process and performance character and, at the same time, to cultivate the performance character necessary to ultimately realize the meaning of a 'loose community'. As a research method, action research is consisting of 11 undergraduate students as research participants and 3 sessions of 8 sessions each, a total of 24 hours of art creation class to develop performance characters, with repeated execution of reflective contemplation. Data collection included interview, photo/video data, class results, observation data of the researcher, research journal.
As a result, it was found that various performance characteristics appeared in the learner in the process of socially engaged art creation. Specifically, an open attitude that enables convergent thinking, problem-solving ability, an accepting attitude to see the phenomena as they are, an attitude to empathize with events in the work process of others, communication and empathy, a pro-social attitude, self reflective attitude, patience and consideration, sense of achievement and self-esteem, belonging and responsibility could be emerged. It is expected that we will be able to expand our perspective on the world in multiple layers by experiencing more diverse values such as "Becoming a loose community" that is made into art provides learners with opportunities to form diverse performative personality through opportunities for self-reflection and social participation in art activities, and through the socially participatory nature of art.


The current state and prospects of monocities development in modern Russia are considered. Nowdays monocities undergo many difficulties. This critical situation is largely explained by historical peculiarities of development of our country's territory for the long period of time. Besides, the problems of monocities have been paid very little attention during the last twenty years. The marked aggravation of social and economic problems is a natural result of Russian economy development. The key parameters of monocities are characterized in the article. An absolute dependence of their budgets on the activity of one-two enterprises is pointed out. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the labor market situation in monocities influences not only economic growth indexes; it is also a strategic factor of development of the sociopolitical situation in the country. To eliminate the problem of monocities in Russia it is necessary to solve a complex of social and economic tasks: non-admission of growth of unemployment; diversification of economic activity of the enterprise that determines the situation in a city; attraction of private investments; targeted government aids; improvement of interbudgetary relations; optimization of the system of city management; strenuous assistance to educational institutions; creation of conditions for social lift.


Study involving surveys undertaken in guava cultivation belt of Uttar Pradesh comprising of Allahabad-Varanasi, Unnao- Kanpur in Eastern and Central region respectively as well as Badaun and Farrukhabad in Western region of the state indicate that the guava orchards in the former two regions are mainly afflicted by stem borer, Bactocera rufomaculata and bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela quandrinotata which seem to pave the way to infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii. Stem borer affected guava plants consistently yielded the colonies of Fusarium oxysporum f sp psidii from live worm, wood scrapings from the borer infested hole and soil/roots of guava orchards in Badaun and Farrukabad exhibited the fungal induced typical wilt. Analysis of the fungal distribution on dried/healthy branches from different set of plants comprising of healthy, 30%, 90% and 100% wilt revealed the prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii, in the lower/middle portions whereas Botrydiplodia theobromae and Pestalotiopsis psidii in peripheral branches. A positive correlation was noticed between of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii, in plants exhibiting 30% wilt as compared to negative correlation between B. theobromae and wilt (30%). However, in the plants displaying 100% wilt, role of B.theobromae and Pestalotiopsis psidii was more pronounced as compared to F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii. Our study sheds the light on varying degree of contribution made by the insects and fungi in effecting the wilt disease witnessed in guava and flagged the crucial issue that fungal centric approach has miserably led the failure of durable and reproducible management schedule(s) developed so far in different guava cultivation pocket(s) of the country.


It has been known for centuries that the surface of a uniformly-rotating liquid takes a parabolic form. In recent years this principal has been applied to create optical-quality mercury mirrors with diameters as large as 6 meters. These have formed the basis for several telescopes used for applications ranging from atmospheric physics to astronomy. I will discuss the current state of the technology, the performance of these mirrors, and our plans for a future very-large optical telescope employing an array of liquid primary mirrors.


Aim/Purpose: The flipped classroom approach is one of the most popular active learning approaches. This paper explores the effectiveness of a new pedagogy, known as FOCUSED, for postgraduate students.

Background: The flipped classroom approach is a trendy blended learning pedagogy which capitalizes on the flexibility of online learning and the stimulating nature of face-to-face discussion. This article describes a pilot study involving post-graduate students who experienced the flipped classroom approach in one of their courses.

Methodology: In additional to online activities, students adopted a newly learned approach to solve a related problem that was given by another group of students during classes. Quantitative data were collected from pre- and post-tests for both self-learned online materials and group discussion during classes so that the effectiveness of the flipped classroom pedagogy could be examined from the perspective of a holistic learning experience.

Findings: It was found that the average scores for the post-test for the self-learned online video were much higher than for pre-test, even though the post-tests for both online and face-to-face learning were higher than the respective pre-tests. The qualitative data collected at the end of the flipped classroom activities further confirmed the value of the flipped classroom approach. Even though students could self-learn, more students valued peer interactions in the classroom more than the flexibility of online learning.


A finite group G is called a Schur group if any S-ring over G is associated in a natural way with a subgroup of sym(G) that contains all right translations. We prove that the groups ℤ3 × ℤ3n, where n ≥ 1, are Schur. Modulo previously obtained results, it follows that every noncyclic Schur p-group, where p is an odd prime, is isomorphic to ℤ3 × ℤ3 × ℤ3 or ℤ3 × ℤ3n, n ≥ 1.


Achieving fast-charging/discharging (FCD) performance for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has always been a great challenge, because of their slow reaction kinetics and the difficulty in ensuring the stability of the electrode during sodiation/desodiation. In this study, a hypoxic graphene (HG) is rationally designed and prepared using a simple high temperature treatment process. It is confirmed that the hypoxic surface is more conducive to the rapid conduction of electrons and forming a high quality SEI film in the first cycle to avoid irreversible side reactions. Furthermore, a versatile electrolyte suitable for improving the FCD performance of different carbon materials is screened and used in this system. As a result, the best sample of HG-1300 shows almost full pseudocapacitive behavior as an anode material for SIBs, and exhibits a super FCD performance (110 mA h g−1 at an ultrahigh current density of 200 A g−1, only 4 seconds per cycle) and ultralong lifespan (90.7% capacity retention over 100 000 cycles at 20 A g−1), even surpassing supercapacitors.


This study purpose is to analyzed Accounting Information System purchase that applied to CV. Graha Indah Furniture. Study method that being used is descriptive method. Analysis method that has been used is input analysis, process analysis, and output analysis. The type of data that has been used is secondary data using the method of documentation related to the purchase. result of the study shows that this object already has a segregation of duties. Yet, there still concurrent assignment that is need to be done by the Independent QC department i.e reception function, and storage function. As well as the absence of documents such as supply card, debt card, and ledger


International relations are in the process of transformation. The uncertainties over the shape of things to come are greater today than they were at the end of World War II. Then, we knew the salients of the world in the making: There were the victors who would shape the world order and the vanquished who would adapt to it. Decolonization was a predictable occurrence; the only question was the ease and pace with which it would be accomplished. The war foreshadowed the emergence of the United States and the USSR as superpowers; the limits of armed conflict among nations would be defined by the existence of nuclear weapons. Today, there are no answers to these basic questions: What is the future of the arms race? of the Soviet Union? of the Atlantic Alliance? What is the role of Japan in the world?


The mounting evidence suggests (a) that the ORNL thermal-neutron fission decay heat data are likely correct to within stated uncertainties; (b) present data files (ENDF/B-V and others related to it) require more effort, and as improvements are made agreement with ORNL results is likely to become better; and (c) fast fission decay heat, induced by reactor-spectrum neutrons, appears to be little, if any, different from thermal-neutron fission-decay heat. The ANS 5.1 working group seems to be moving toward the above position but the standard for /sup 235/U has not yet been revised. Using /sup 235/U decay-heat data for /sup 239/Pu is quite conservative. Use of /sup 235/U decay-heat data for /sup 241/Pu decay-heat data as required in the standard is conservative only because of the over-statement (by approx. = 8%) of the /sup 235/U data in the standard.


At the height of the Great Financial Crisis, the Federal Reserve employed a previously unused section of the Federal Reserve Act, Section 13(3), to engage in a level of lending unparalleled in global financial history. Section 13(3) provided a firehose of liquidity for the US financial system, and The Federal Reserve used it to successfully fight the Great Financial Crisis. However, once the worst of the crisis had passed, Congress quickly acted to limit the Federal Reserve's powers under Section 13(3) by passing DoddFrank and introducing the orderly liquidation authority.

These limitations have reduced the Federal Reserve's Section 13(3) power to that of a mere garden hose. One can only speculate whether the Great Financial Crisis would have continued and perhaps permanently crippled the US financial system had the Federal Reserve not been able to effectively utilize Section 13(3). The Federal Reserve's now-limited Section 13(3) power will undoubtedly hamper its ability to respond to crises in the future.


The pulmonary embolism is a pathology that endangers life and it requires an immediate treatment. In order to get the best results there should be a high degree of clinical suspicion that allows us to make an early diagnosis. It requires a pharmacological treatment with anticoagulation but in certain cases there is necessary a surgical treatment. The objective of this case report is to describe the current indications for the surgical pulmonary embolectomy in a patient with pulmonary embolism. Case Presentation: This is the presentation of a case in a patient with pulmonary embolism, haemodynamic instability and a horse saddle thrombus located in a patent foramen ovale which was expanded on the both heart atriums. This patient was treated with surgical pulmonary embolectomy. Following the surgical pulmonary embolectomy the patient had a recurrent pulmonary embolism episode that was treated with the insertion of a percutaneous vena cava filter and a newly surgical pulmonary embolectomy. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution with an early discontinuation of the ventilatory and haemodynamic support. Conclusion: The surgical pulmonary embolectomy is still an applicable treatment for the pulmonary embolism in patients with haemodynamic instability, absolute contraindication to systemic thrombolytic therapy or failure to this therapy, patent foramen ovale and an intracardiac floating thrombus. MED.UIS. 2017;30(1):93-7.Keywords: Pulmonary embolism. Embolectomy. Foramen oval, Patent. Venous thrombosis.


The debate about the topographical designation the ,Henet of Moeris' is more than 100 years old. The first part of this article focuses on the ,Henet of Moeris which, in my view and contrary to recent research, always refers to the Bahr Yussuf in the Fayum from El-Lahun onwards (El-Lahun or Ri-hn.t means the ,entrance to the Henet, and is once called Ri-hny-Mi-wr, the ,entrance to the Henet of Moeris*). The Henet of Moeris or Bahr Yussuf divides the Fayum into two parts and becomes the administrative border between the northern and southern part probably as early as the Middle Kingdom: villages are said to be located to the north or to the south of this natural border, at first called ,the Henet, from Ramesside times onwards ,the Henet of Moeris. When in the early Ptolemaic period the enlarged Fayum is reorganized into three merides, the meris


This paper presents the passivity-based controller design methodologies of the 3-phase modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC) as HVDC-PLUS for smart grid applications. The mathematical model of the MMCC is derived in the terms of energy dissipation mechanism among the converter cells. The solvability and passivity analysis are presented based on the state-space averaged (SSA) models. The energy shaping (ES) problem is formulated by properly selection of the energy function. And the dissipative characteristics of the MMCC-based HVDC-PLUS is revealed. The interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) technique is proposed to reshape the trajectory of the control objective to guarantee the global convergence and accurate reference tracking. The carrier phase-shifted PWM scheme is adopted to synthesize the control signals for the individual half-bridge converters. The various simulation results under reactive and active power transmission scenarios are presented, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed passivity-based control methodologies


Provided are an anti-c-Met/anti-Nrp1 bispecific antibody, which comprises an anti-c-Met antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, an anti-Nrp1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.


Alternative fuels are being proposed for improving ambient air quality, particularly in the urban environment. City buses powered by diesel engines are targeted for lowering particulate emissions earlier than truck engines because of public demand for improved air quality. The characteristics of alternative fuels including methanol, ethanol, natural gas, and propane for use in diesel based engines are reviewed. Engine design options and considerations are discussed for different fuel options. The impact of fuel energy density on extra vehicle weight, range, and fueling logistics are presented. Development and field experience are presented for a compressed natural gas (CNG) Cummins L10 engine used in urban bus and utility vehicles. Results show that the engine performance and bus emission goals for U.S. EPA in 1993 are achieved. CNG L10 is proceeding to limited production. New components developed and supporting technology needs are highlighted. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 853181.


Cube corners are used widely in position detecting devices. A cube corner is attached to an object of interest. Then the position of the object is determined as the distance and two angles of direction to the cube corner. Recent developments make it possible to use a cube corner to detect the orientation of an object as well. However orientation cannot be measured directly, instead it should be recovered from other data. The paper introduces a method of calculating the orientation of a cube corner and shows that the method has an accuracy restricted by the accuracy of direct measurements only. Hence it detects orientation angles of a cube corner up to arc seconds.


Eighteen patients with advanced seminoma (stages llc— III) were treated with: cytoxan 600mg/m2, vinblastine 4mg/m2, actinomycin D 1mg/m2, bleomycin 30mg, i.v. on day 1, followed by bleomycin 30mg/day by infusion, days 1-3, and cis-platinum 120mg/m2 on day 4. 9/18 pts. Achieved complete remission and have been followed clinically; no recurrences have occurred in this group. The other 9 pts. had residual masses after 3 cycles of chemotherapy; they were taken to surgery and no viable tumor was found on surgical specimens. There were 3 recurrences in this group, always distant from the site of original disease. These patients were successfully treated with salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of these patients died of hepatic failure unrelated to his seminoma. All the other patients are alive, at a median follow-up of 50 months. This chemotherapy regimen is effective in curing advanced seminoma.


Abstract It is acknowledged that social workers in mental health and other settings routinely experience client-related ethical dilemmas. Further, there is wide recognition of the potential impact of ethical dilemmas on social work practice with clients who use psychotropic medication. Little is know empirically, however, about the experiences of practitioners with these dilemmas. This article describes the results of a national survey of practicing social workers regarding the nature of ethical dilemmas they face related to their work with clients on medication issues. The results make it clear that social workers regularly confront a variety of ethical dilemmas in this type of practice. Many of these dilemmas are related to ambiguities around the knowledge base of practice, appropriate roles of providers, and basic personal and professional values. The authors present implications of these findings for social work practice and further research.


Electroporation has been used to introduce DNA into both eucaryotic and procaryotic cells. Since current methods for the transfection and transformation of lactobacilli using protoplasts are slow, inefficient, and inconsistent, we evaluated electroporation as a simple alternative. In initial experiments, PL-1 phage DNA (40 kb) was transfected into untreated cells of Lactobacillus casei by electroporation. Approximately 50% of the CFU survived pulses of 5000 V/cm at 25 μF; conditions found to be optimal for the transfection process. The β-galactosidase-encoding plasmid, pLZ15 (28 kb), and the vectors pSA3 (Emr), pLP825 (Cmr) and pNZ12 (Cmr) transformed L. casei at efficiencies of 1.1–8.5 × 104 transformants/μg DNA. Plasmid DNA isolated from pNZ12 containing transformants was used to retransform L. casei and was indistinguishable from authentic preparations of pNZ12 by gel electrophoretic analysis.


Weak diameter coloring of graphs recently attracted attention partially due to its connection to asymptotic dimension of metric spaces. We consider weak diameter list-coloring of graphs in this paper. Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Norin proved that graphs with bounded Euler genus are 3-choosable with bounded weak diameter. In this paper, we extend their result by showing that for every graph $H$, $H$-minor free graphs are 3-choosable with bounded weak diameter. The upper bound 3 is optimal and it strengthens an earlier result for non-list-coloring $H$-minor free graphs with bounded weak diameter. As a corollary, $H$-minor free graphs with bounded maximum degree are 3-choosable with bounded clustering, strengthening an earlier result for non-list-coloring. When $H$ is planar, we prove a much stronger result: for every 2-list-assignment $L$ of an $H$-minor free graph, every precoloring with bounded weak diameter can be extended to an $L$-coloring with bounded weak diameter. It is a common generalization of earlier results for non-list-coloring with bounded weak diameter and for list-coloring with bounded clustering without allowing precolorings. As a corollary, for any planar graph $H$ and $H$-minor free graph $G$, there are exponentially many list-colorings of $G$ with bounded weak diameter (and with bounded clustering if $G$ also has bounded maximum degree). We also show that the aforementioned results for list-coloring cannot be extended to odd minor free graphs by showing that some bipartite graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$ are $k$-choosable with bounded weak diameter only when $k=\Omega(\log\Delta/\log\log\Delta)$. On the other hand, we show that odd $H$-minor graphs are 3-colorable with bounded weak diameter, implying an earlier result about clustered coloring of odd $H$-minor free graphs with bounded maximum degree.


The genus Marasmius Fr. (Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae) is cosmopolitan in distribution with about 600 well-accepted epithets. The characteristic features of the genus include an in situ reviving basidiomata; conic to convex pileus with striate to sulcate margin; adnexed to adnate attachment of lamellae; tough, filiform stipe, and dextrinoid tramal hyphae. Recent advances in molecular phylogenetic protocols restrict the genus to a monophyletic lineage, including sections Globulares, Hygrometrici, Leveilleani, Marasmius, Neosessiles, Scotyphysini and Sicci. Although most species of Marasmius are saprophytes, there are some parasitic species as well. Marasmius palmivorus, a notorious species, is responsible for causing various diseases like bunch rot of oil palm, postharvest disease of coconut seedlings, etc.. Based on our recent concept of the genus Marasmius sensu stricto, there are no corresponding sections for accommodating the present species because of its unique pileipellis morphology (cutis-type) and absence of tramal dextrinoid nature. So, at present, Marasmius palmivorus is of uncertain taxonomic placement, but it does belong to the Marasmiaceae and is neither related to the genus Crinipellis Pat. or Moniliophthora H.C. Evans et al. vide Wilson and Desjardin. Though there are reports on the formal transfer of M. palmivorus to the genus Marasmiellus, the present taxon is not at all closely related to the type species of Marasmiellus, M. juniperinus Murrill and cannot be treated as a member in the Omphalotaceae. However, now it is best to retain the present taxon in 'Marasmius' – where it was originally described, until more data from multiple genes and analyses in a large Marasmiaceae dataset provide enough information to clarify its taxonomic position. The first instance of disease caused by M. palmivorus in India was reported from an oil-palm plantation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Later, Singh et al. reported the occurrence of this fungus in the respiratory tract as a nonsporulating mould. However, the literature review indicates that throughout the world, there has been no published information on the occurrence of this fungal species on the Lagerstroemia speciosa tree. Besides, no information on the morphological features of this fungus has been reported thus far from India. During continuous investigation on the macrofungal flora of West Bengal over the last few decades, M. palmivorus was collected from the living stem of L. speciosa tree and is reported herein with morphological and molecular details. Genomic DNA of the collected macrofungus was extracted following Dutta et al.. PCR amplification of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) regions was done based on Dutta et al.. The newly generated sequences have been deposited in GenBank (www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov). Taxonomy: Marasmius palmivorus Sharples, Malay. Agric. Journal 16 (nos 9-10): [1] (1928) Figures 1 and 2. Pileus 12–26 mm diam., convex when young, becoming broadly convex to plano-convex or applanate in age, often with slightly revolute margin, with a shallow central depression, surface minutely fibrillose, overall white when young, becoming white with light orange (5A4) to grayish-orange (5B4) or pale orange (6A3) centre on maturity, translucent with KOH, shiny, margin striate to sulcate. Context white to cream, very thin, membranous. Lamellae ca. 2 mm broad, adnexed to adnate, distant (11–14) with 3–4 series of lamellulae, often intervenose, overall white when young, becoming white with light orange (5A4) to pale orange (6A3) towards attachment of stipe, turns translucent with KOH, concolorous, smooth, even to slightly eroded. Stipe rudimentary or small, 1.5– 6.5  1–1.5 mm, eccentric, cylindrical, tapered at apex, white, minutely pruinose, shiny, insititious. Odour and taste not distinctive. Basidiospores (10–)11–12.5–13.5 (–14.5)  5.5–6.5–6.9(–7.5) μm, Q = 1.5– 1.8–2.1, ellipsoid, hyaline, IKI-, guttate when viewed with KOH, thin-walled. Basidia 32–37(–40)  5.5–6(–7.5) m, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, fourspored; sterigmata 3.5–6.5 m long, cylindrical. Basidioles 25–29(–43)  6.5– 7(–7.5) m, cylindrical to clavate, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellae-edge sterile, with crowded cystidia. Cheilocystidia (14–)16–17(–19)  (5–)8–10(–14) m, clavate with apical lobules, hyaline, inamyloid, thinto moderately thick-walled; lobules (0.5– )1–2(–3) m long, cylindrical, obtuse, sometimes apically bifurcate, thinto thick-walled (Figure 2 d). Lamellae trama hyphae (3.5–)5–7(–8) m broad, interwoven, cylindrical to irregularly cylindrical, non-gelatinous, hyaline, IKI-, moderately thick-walled (up to 0.9 m). Pileipellis composed of radially arranged hyphae, 4–5(–7.5) m broad, cylindrical, non-gelatinous, hyaline, IKI-, thinto thick-walled (up to 1.1 m). Pileus trama hyphae 3.5–7.5 m broad, interwoven, cylindrical, hyaline, IKI-, thin-walled. Stipitipellis hyphae 2.5–3.5(–5.5) m broad, subparallel, cylindrical, hyaline, inamyloid, thinto slightly thick-walled. Stipe context hyphae 7–10(–13) m broad, parallel to subparallel, cylindrical to irregularly cylindrical, non-gelatinous, hyaline, IKI-, wall 0.7–1.1 m thick. Caulocystidia in the form of stipe hairs, in tufts, 3–4.5 m broad, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp connections present in all the tissues.


This is the qualification document for the Dutch Nao Team with Caitlin Lagrand as it's team leader. The team consists of eight master students, six bachelor students and one staff member from the University of Amsterdam in The Netherlands. In the last eight years the team has bought 17 Nao robots, although not all those robots are operational anymore. If the Nao V6 will be allowed in the competition, the Dutch Nao Team has the intention to buy this version to replace the no longer serviced Nao V3 robots. The qualification video is available at our YouTube channel. A research report [1], describing the technical details of the team's work for RoboCup 2017, has previously been published on our website.


Objective To better characterize parotid masses incidentally identified on imaging. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods Medical records were reviewed for 771 patients who underwent parotidectomy at the University of Wisconsin from 1994 to 2013. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those with tumors identified solely on imaging (parotid incidentalomas [PIs]) and those with palpable masses, pain, facial nerve dysfunction, or other reasons their mass was identified (nonincidentals [NIs]). A χ2 test was employed to compare the prevalence of malignancy in PIs compared with NIs. Trend analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of PIs over the 20-year period. Results Of the 771 patients, 67 (8.7%) had their mass discovered incidentally on imaging (PIs). There was a significant difference in the rate of malignancy in the NI (32.7%) compared with the PI group (6.0%) (P < .01). During the 1994 to 2003 time period, 4.0% of all parotoidectomies performed were for PIs, while during the second decade (2004-2013), this proportion increased to 10.2%. This represents a 155.0% increase in the percentage of parotidectomies carried out for PIs between these 2 periods. Conclusion In this study, the rate of malignancy in PIs was significantly lower than the rate of malignancy in patients with NIs. The occurrence of PIs has increased over time and now represents greater than 10.0% of all parotidectomies performed at the University of Wisconsin. This information is important to consider when consenting a patient for resection of a PI.


Metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) with finger spacing and width as small as 25 nm have been fabricated using high‐resolution electron beam lithography. Measurements using an electro‐optic sampling system show that the fastest detector has a full width at half‐maximum response time of 0.87 ps and a 3 dB bandwidth of 510 GHz. Monte Carlo simulation of detector response time is studied and compared with experimental data. Finally, scaling rules for high‐speed MSM PDs are proposed.


Abstract A new procedure for clearing eggs belonging to genera of Ceratopogonidae is described. In the new procedure eggs in different states, with different ultra structures of the exochorion, were immersed in 10% glycolic acid (CH2OH-COOH) and 20 % mandellic acid (C6H5.CHOH.COOH) for 1–4 minutes. Eggs, prepared by both acids and subsequently neutralized by distilled water, were placed in a saturated solution of phenol, and then passed through a battery of alcohol solutions. Finally, critical point was performed and gold metallized. After preparation the eggs of this group retained their natural form under vacuum long enough to yield good microphotographs of the outer layer of the chorion.


This paper proposes a robust model predictive control approach to address the optimized adaptive tracking consensus problem for multi-vehicle systems with periodic sampling under the directed communication topology. Unlike the existing works using the global information to achieve the tracking consensus, the proposed optimized tracking cooperative control strategy considers that the control gain is not fixed and the states information exchange be affected by the recourse constraints. By introducing the conditions of the optimized consensus and the communication cost, the adaptive tracking cooperative control law with bounded parameters is developed based on the periodic samples. It shows that the multi-vehicle systems will reach the optimized consensus, if the proposed sampling condition is satisfied. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Portia's common sense+ emotional intelligence= hope for Jamaica, Ann Marie Adams This brief commentary looks at the campaign leading up to party elections of the People's National Party in Jamaica, which Portia Simpson Miller won as the first female Prime Minister designate of Jamaica. The commentary looks at the factors which influenced the elections and its subsequent outcomes. Gender Equality in the New Millennium: Goal or Gimmick?,~gg,.Ly~A~n~t~ro~b.,_,u~s ___ _ At the Millennium Summit in September 2000 the largest gathering of world leaders adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets, all with a deadline of 2015, that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Millenium Development Goals are now part of an international development framework which many countries in the Caribbean have signed on to. This paper addresses the question of how the Millenium Development Goals can be made to work to promote gender equality and empowennent in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) region. The analysis here will not be limited to "gender equality and women's empowerment (MDG Goal 3). It will also highlight the gender dimensions of some of the other MDGs that closely related to women's equality and empowennentas a means and as an outcome. Finally, the analysis and suggestions in relation to strategies "to ensure that gender inequalities are identified and addressed in the MDG monitoring process and in national policy responses from governments" will focus on Caribbean realities. Suggestions are made by drawing on the findings and insights on the linkages between global trends, development strategies (including the macroeconomic policy framework of structural adjustment) and their impact on poor women, and the ways in which we might now approach activist interventions toward the goal of gender equality and women's empowennent. Where Have All the Feminists Gone: Learning the Lessons of a Long Time Passed in the Women's Movement in the Caribbean. June Castello The Women's Movement and its glory days are, to many, especially those born after the 1970s in the Caribbean, just another archival piece of data to be retrieved for mention in the literary reviews of research papers. For some young people the Women's Movement and its achievements are merely to be used as an indicator of how far removed are the present day realities of the women and men in the region from the issues that fuelled the 1970s activism. Gender Studies and Women's Studies are, for many, perceived as a vehicle for women to entrench their recently achieved dominance over men and a space for 'femocrats' to become absorbed and entrenched within mainstream academy.


ABSTRACT Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.


This article touches upon the issue of the importance of information technology in human resource management. The results of the implementation of a software solution for human resources management support are described. The criteria for choosing a software solution in the development of technical specifications for automation are listed. Keywordsinformatisation; human resources; informational human resources management


The Lower Tagus Valley Fault, Portugal, has long been associated with the damaging earthquakes that affected the Greater Lisbon Area in historical times. These include a poorly documented earthquake that occurred in 1344, the relatively well-documented 1531 earthquake, and the most recent M6.0 1909 earthquake. In this work, we use a 0.5 m resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation model and a 0.5 cm resolution digital surface model based on UAV photogrammetry to accurately locate the fault scarps in the northernmost portion of the western fault strand and to select sites to perform paleoseimolological investigations. The paleoseismological and geochronological analysis performed in the Alviela trench site document the fault activity in the last 3000 years, including two earthquakes during historical times. We performed ground motion scenarios for 20 km, 40 km, and 60 km ruptures including the trench site. The ground motion fields obtained for the 40 km and 60 km ruptures are in agreement with most macroseismic intensity data available for the 1531 earthquake, implying a magnitude in the range M6.8–7.4. However, the degree of deformation preserved in the trench suggests a value closer to the lower magnitude bound. The intensity level observed in Lisbon in 1531 (IX) is lower than the modeled intensities for all considered scenarios and could be related to a particularly high level of vulnerability of the building stock.


Crystal and molecular structure of bis(di-n-butyldithiocarbamato)nickel(II), Ni[S2CN(C4H9)2]2 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods and refined by diagonal-matrix least squares to a residual of 0.06 on 1080 "observed" reflections. Crystals are monoclinic with space group P2Ja, a = 1.6012(5) nm, b = 0.7887(3) nm, с = 1.0804(6) nm, /3 = 118.48(3)°. The experimentally observed density is 1.27 g cm" and the calculated value of Z = 2 is 1.29 g cm". In the structure the Ni atom occupies a special position in the centre of symmetry and is coordinated by two pairs of S atoms from two ligands in a plane: Ni—S 0.2201(3) nm and 0.2211(3) nm, S(l)—Ni—S(2) angle being 79.40(1)°. Ligand S2CNC2 is essentially planar.


We report the case of a 22-year-old primiparous, admitted to our hospital with a 2-week history of vulvar edema that had evolved within 24 hours to the point of stopping urine flow and hindering ambulation. The only remarkable finding in relation with the edema was hypoalbuminemia for no apparent cause. The correction of hypoalbuminemia and the establishment of diuretic treatment, with the drainage of the edema allowed for a complete resolution of the edema.


Oscillations in velocity and intensity are detectable over a range of height in the solar atmosphere. Properties of the atmosphere can be deduced from the stratification revealed by the corresponding power and phase-difference spectra, potentially in a manner independent of optical spectroscopy. In this paper, published acoustic power spectra and phase-difference spectra, mainly derived from observations in the NaD2 line, are interpreted through a simple model of the oscillations in an exploratory investigation along these lines. The difference between the 'heights of formation' at two positions in the line profile is deduced from the ratio of oscillatory power. The corresponding phase difference between oscillations in velocity at the two heights is compared with the phase spectrum derived from observations. Deduced acoustically, the 'height of formation' of the core of the D2 line is about 700 km above that of the pressure-broadened wing.

The indicated acoustic cut-off frequency is about 4.5 mHz, a value significantly lower than that usually quoted. A variety of observational evidence is consistent with this value. The low value is probably a consequence of radiative damping, with a relaxation time of about 55 s.

The phase relations between the vertical and horizontal components of motion, the temperature and the pressure are considered. At low frequencies the velocity/intensity phase difference, for oscillations of moderate to high degree, is significantly affected by the horizontal motion, even if observations are restricted to a relatively small window at disc centre.

There is evidence that at the edge of the Doppler cores of strong absorption lines, fluctuations in intensity are in anti-phase with fluctuations in temperature.


The emerging role of the formal marketing organisation in financial services companies in the UK is examined here. Using new survey data, the study demonstrates the existence of several different phototypical forms of marketing organisation in the financial services field and an attempt is made to link the form of marketing organisation to the strategic direction of financial services organisations.


A simple UV-Spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Amoxycillin Trihydrate and Dicloxacillin Sodium from Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methanol: water (1:1) was used as solvent. The method involves the measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 290 nm (λmax for Amoxycillin) and 274nm (λmax for Dicloxacillin). The linearity lies between 2–10μg/ml for Amoxycillin and 10–50 μg/ml for Dicloxacillin. The accuracy and precision of the methods were determined and validated statiscally. The method showed good reproducibility and recovered with %RSD less than 2. The method are found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of simultaneous estimation of Amoxycilin and Dicloxacillin in bulk and combined dosage form.


The Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811) program provides capital advance grants and operating subsidies to non-profit sponsors to construct multifamily housing for very low-income people with disabilities. The Department proposes to reduce funding for Section 811 housing in 2011 and proposes to shift funding to support the Mainstream Vouchers program to the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance account. Current residents of Section 811 projects will not be affected by the overall funding reduction for the program.


Team innovation has become a decisive aspect of achieving organizational success since today's environment relies on collaborative aspects. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine some critical factors which influence perceived team innovation, such as resource availability, promotive voice behavior, willingness to discuss and perceived team knowledge utilization. The data were collected from 100 employees as team members in a company engaged in the automotive support industry. The results of this study using PLS (Partial Least Square) proved that: (1) there is a significant relationship between resource availability and perceived team innovation, (2) resource availability has a significant effect on promotive voice behavior, (3) promotive voice behavior is a significant predictor of perceived team innovation, (4) promotive voice behavior has a significant impact on willingness to discuss, (5) willingness to discuss has a significant relationship with perceived team innovation, (6) promotive voice behavior has a significant effect on perceived team knowledge utilization, (7) perceived team knowledge utilization has a significant effect on perceived team innovation. These findings highlight the importance of the factors mentioned earlier to enhance perceived team innovation in the organization.


This Letter describes two experiments designed to discover the effect of the phase angle, α (the angle between a narrow‐band masker and a tonal signal), on binaural detection, and offers an explanation of why they failed to reveal any effect.


In 1996, approximately one quarter of the AIDS prevention budget of the CDC was allocated to HIV testing, predominantly for low-risk populations.1 It was their single biggest HIV prevention expenditure.


If a good novel is traditionally built on some sort of narrative conflict, then health — good health — as a crucial plot point would seem to be something of 'a nonstory' (p. 5). Not so for Erika Wright, who endeavours to restore health's importance in nineteenth-century literature, not merely as the desired goal in a story arc of illness, but as a story arc in and of itself. The title, Reading for Health, thus neatly encapsulates the author's goal, as Wright sets out to '[read] for what has largely remained unread' (p. 6) — health, its preservation and its contribution to the narrative. In doing so, the author considers the following works of literature: Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility and Mansfield Park; Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre; Charles Dickens's Little Dorrit, with brief sidelines to Pictures from Italy and Bleak House; Harriet Martineau's Life in the Sick-Room and Deerbrook; and Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, with a short consideration of My Diary: The Early Years of My Daughter Marianne. These authors, Wright explains, 'incorporate the notion of perseverance and daily practice [of health] into the very form of their narratives' (p. 10). It is these narratives of health that Wright examines deeply and meticulously. With this, her first published book, Wright attempts to curb the far more prominent use of sickness and instead emphasizes the process of striving for health in nineteenth-century novels. As she observes, 'This book, although not denying the significance of disease in the Victorian novel, focuses on fictional and medical perspectives on health, seeking to articulate the components — the narrative structures and imperatives — that define them' (p. 180). In doing so, the author begins by situating her thesis within the opinions of John Ruskin, who once complained of Victorian writers who focused on illness in their novels, a trend which he associated with poor writing and the baser desires of the 'reading public' (p. 3), although the sheer prevalence of illness and death was also an influence, for better or worse (p. 185). For Wright, the use of illness in a novel does not equate its quality as a work of literature; rather, she is concerned by various scholars' preoccupation with the use of disease in literature. As she writes, 'I want to suggest that health is an epistemological problem and that nineteenth-century narratives register, through both their form and their content, the difficulty of knowing what health is, how to preserve it, and whose is best' (p. 4). In exploring this theme, Wright introduces two terms, 'hygienic' and 'therapeutic': the former concerns the idea of preserving health, while the latter centres on the familiar arc of illness and recovery (p. 6). In Chapter 1, Wright argues that Jane Austen's treatment of health correlated with a 'preventionist ethic' and 'learning to "do as one ought"' (p. 27), both of which must originate within the home. In Sense and Sensibility, Wright contrasts Marianne's more traditional therapeutic storyline with Elinor's hygienic (and preventionist) tendency; as the author points out, 'Elinor is not invested in the romance of cure in the way that Marianne is' (p. 33). Curiously, Wright herself seems more interested in discussing Marianne's therapeutic storyline, even though it is Elinor who provides the focus on hygienic modes of health. But with Mansfield Park, Wright observes that Austen 'had ceased to rely on such framing [that is, contrasting between two characters] and focused all the narrative's energies on prevention' (p. 34) — as does Wright herself. In this section, Wright particularly focuses on the commonly perceived problematic character of Fanny and attempts to restore her narrative value through a lens of complex preventionism. Indeed, Wright praises the character's 'highly developed foresight' as a preventionist model (p. 43).


This study adopted bucking by field simulation,established the individual recovery model of various species(group) in Jilin province,presented basic principles and method of compiling individual recovery of various species,and compiled assortment of recovery to various species(group) in Jilin province by the principle of mathematics statistics.


Curricular coherence is an indication of the alignment of content ideas, the depth at which they are studied, and the sequencing of ideas within and across grade levels and has been identified as an important predictor of student performance. This study examined the contribution of inter-unit coherence on energy to the learning of this concept over time. The concept of energy was interwoven as a core disciplinary idea and as a cross-cutting theme in six different units in a reform-based middle school curriculum. The unit posttests of students from a national field test of the curriculum were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to identify ways in which ideas learned in some units supported the learning in other units. Results indicate that inter-unit coherence enabled students to develop a deeper understanding of energy by providing repeated exposure over years rather than weeks, enabling knowledge constructed in one unit to become the prior knowledge to be built upon in subsequent units, and offering a broader range of contexts in which students could apply their ideas than could be accomplished in stand-alone units. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 52: 1408–1425, 2015.


Abstract Many Canadian nursing programs endorse clinical placements abroad. We critically examined the hidden curriculum embedded in clinical placements seeking to provide a 'global' experience. Using purposeful sampling, we interviewed a total of 18 participants, including eight faculty, eight students and two placement coordinators. Data were analyzed using initial and focused coding, supported by NVivo. After generating themes from the coded data, we adapted Hafferty's (1998) framework to further analyze the theme of the hidden curriculum. The findings illuminate how policies sustained international experience as a privileged endeavour, with restricted access based on grades. Placements incorporated little evaluation of benefits for local communities. Few resources were allocated to students for such placements, as many students paid for their placement. The institutional terms 'international and global experience' denoted interactions with cultural "Others". We recommend that nursing programs attend to hidden practices that sustain clinical placements abroad as prestigious, commodified experiences.


Coverage and connectivity are two fundamental issues in target-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considerable work has been carried out on the issues of how to maintain coverage and connectivity simultaneously in homogeneous sensor networks. In some applications, sensor nodes of multiple types with different sensing ranges, communication ranges, and prices are available for optimally organizing a network. In this paper, the problem of how to deploy such heterogeneous WSNs into predefined positions with k-coverage to all targets and c-connectivity to each sensor node under the minimum-cost constraint is addressed. First, we prove its NP-completeness. Then, this problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model. To solve this problem, we proposed an enhanced coral reef optimization algorithm (CRO). The enhanced version of CRO is named ECRO. The improvements of the ECRO lie in four aspects. First, the operator of immigration in the biogeography-based optimization algorithm is introduced into the brooding procedure of the coral larvae formation to conserve the excellent population solutions. Second, a chaotic differential mutation operator is adopted in the brooding procedure of ECRO to enhance the diversity of the descent and the optimization ability for the coral reef. Third, a random opposition-learning strategy is proposed to improve the performance of the worst individual of the population. Moreover, the reuse of excellent decision variables in the solution is proposed to improve the decision variables of other individuals. Extensive simulation experiments are performed to validate the proposed ECRO. The results show that the proposed ECRO outperforms the compared algorithms, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed ECRO algorithm.


Over the last decade, high flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) have increasingly been used for oxygen delivery in neonatology departments, gradually replacing nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).


The thermodynamic efficiencies of electrokinetic pumping and electrical power generation are investigated numerically using a two-dimensional axisymmetrical model containing a finite-length nanoscale cylindrical capillary and reservoirs connecting at the capillary ends. The Navier-Stokes, Laplace, Poisson, and Nernst-Planck equations are solved simultaneously to obtain the fluid and electric current flows. The main goal of this study is to justify the reversibility of electrokinetic energy conversion resulting from one-dimensional analysis. Based on our numerical results, it is found that the reversible electrokinetic energy conversion between the pump and electric power generation is valid only when the dimensionless Debye length is greater than 2. Because of the electric double layer (EDL) overlap and current due to the electrostatic potential gradient, significant deviation in maximum efficiencies between the numerical and one-dimensional analysis results are found when the dimensionless Debye length is less than 2.


Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has been known to the major factor for the development of uterine cervical carcinomas. We have extended these studies to investigate the in vivo activities of HPV16 E6/E7 when expressed in squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Grossly, hK14 HPV16 E6/E7 transgenic mice had multiple phenotypes, including wrinkled skin that was apparent prior to the appearance of hair on neonates, thickened ears, and loss of hair in adults. In the transgenic mice, the wrinkled skin phenotype on the body and legs died at the age of 3-4 weeks. Histological analysis of demonstrated that E6/E7 causes epidermal hyperplasia in multiple transgeniclineages with high penetrance. This epithelial hyperplasia was characterized by an expansion of the proliferating compartment and an expansion of the keratinocyte and was associated with hyperkeratosis. These transgenic mice expressed E6/E7 transgene mainly in skin, heart, pancreas and kidney. Hyperplasia was found at the skin. The enzyme activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Cu/ZnSOD were measured from the transgene cause keratinocyte at the skin. The specific enzyme activities were significantly higher in transgenic mice skin compared to the normal mice skin. Thus, these transgenic mice may be useful for the expression of antioxidant enzymes in hyperkeratosis or other therapies for HPV-associated skin cancer.


Using a nonparametric framework, we analyse the impact of dynamic profit maximization on biodiversity for a sample of UK cereal farms for the year 2007. Recognizing the drawbacks of directly implementing biodiversity as an output or input in a distance function framework, we only consider inputs and outputs that are clear choice variables from the firm's perspective. We use a dynamic, intertemporal profit function to take into account adjustment costs. We assess how dynamic profit maximization may shift land use allocation and, as a consequence, the Shannon index for crop diversification. Doing so allows us to calculate the shadow prices of crop diversification in a novel way that is consistent with the dynamic theory of the firm.


Mobile Ad-hoc Network (Manet) consists of a set of network nodes which change, not based on an existing network infrastructure as well as the centralized control. Network nodes usually have limited energy, bandwidth limitations, so find a way to transfer packets in the network is very important. To minimize packet loss, efficient bandwidth utilization at the node requires routing protocol must be compact, efficient, accurate. Fuzzy logic is a logical field studies evaluating the accuracy of the results based on the approximation of the components involved, make decisions based on many factors relative accuracy based on experimental or mathematical proof. Each component of the logical expression is usually belong to one set of defined unclear (fuzzy set). In this paper, We give some researchs applied fuzzy logic in assessing the network routing and bandwidth management on the basis of a number of existing studies.