Author: Ernest Boateng Title: The potential socio-economic and environmental impacts of solar PV mini-grid deployment on local communities: A case study of rural island communities on the Volta Lake, Ghana. Subject: Corporate Environmental Management Type of work: Master's thesis Time: February/2016 Number of pages: 106 Abstract: Solar PV mini-grid electrification application has been introduced in Ghana to provide electricity for some rural areas that are located disproportionately beyond the reach of the national grid. Through the Renewable Energy Act (832) enacted in 2011, the government of Ghana has developed policy plan to vigorously increase the share of renewable energy sources in the generation mix to 10% by the year 2020. In accordance with the policy, the Ghana Energy Development and Access Project (GEDAP) under the Ministry of Energy (MoE) have undertaken the goal to deploy solar PV mini-grid systems to supply electricity to the rural island communities on the Volta Lake. By virtue of their locations, the island communities have existed for many years without access to electricity. This is because reaching these communities through the conventional grid appears highly impractical. Qualitative research, case study method was used to examine the potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the solar PV mini-grid project on the local communities, specifically Pediatorkope and Atigagorme. Three research questions were answered using qualitative content analsysis approach. Generally, the findings show that the solar PV mini-grid electricity is an ideal energy alternative for the island communities on the Volta Lake in Ghana. However, there are variations regarding the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the project on the communities. In terms of economic impact, given the energy level or capacity provided, the electricity fulfills the provision of light to boost and extend hours of petty trading and selling activities at night in the communities. The capacity does not support higher applications such as refrigerators, which could help improve the economic conditions of the fishing communities. Government intervention in the form of subsidies will be necessary to sustain the electricity services so as to extend its impact on the communities. Ultimately, the solar PV mini-grid electricity is likely to yield much social impact on the communities than any of the dimensions revealed in the study. Finally, positive environmental impact of the project on the communities will be achieved when majority of the inhabitants are eventually connected to the solar PV mini-grid electricity. There is a challenge concerning recycle and disposal of systems components such as batteries and PV cells after end-of-life. The study concludes that electricity supply in rural areas should bring more than just light to initiate improvement in the quality of life of rural dwellers. Solar PV mini-grid electrification application has been introduced in Ghana to provide electricity for some rural areas that are located disproportionately beyond the reach of the national grid. Through the Renewable Energy Act (832) enacted in 2011, the government of Ghana has developed policy plan to vigorously increase the share of renewable energy sources in the generation mix to 10% by the year 2020. In accordance with the policy, the Ghana Energy Development and Access Project (GEDAP) under the Ministry of Energy (MoE) have undertaken the goal to deploy solar PV mini-grid systems to supply electricity to the rural island communities on the Volta Lake. By virtue of their locations, the island communities have existed for many years without access to electricity. This is because reaching these communities through the conventional grid appears highly impractical. Qualitative research, case study method was used to examine the potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the solar PV mini-grid project on the local communities, specifically Pediatorkope and Atigagorme. Three research questions were answered using qualitative content analsysis approach. Generally, the findings show that the solar PV mini-grid electricity is an ideal energy alternative for the island communities on the Volta Lake in Ghana. However, there are variations regarding the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the project on the communities. In terms of economic impact, given the energy level or capacity provided, the electricity fulfills the provision of light to boost and extend hours of petty trading and selling activities at night in the communities. The capacity does not support higher applications such as refrigerators, which could help improve the economic conditions of the fishing communities. Government intervention in the form of subsidies will be necessary to sustain the electricity services so as to extend its impact on the communities. Ultimately, the solar PV mini-grid electricity is likely to yield much social impact on the communities than any of the dimensions revealed in the study. Finally, positive environmental impact of the project on the communities will be achieved when majority of the inhabitants are eventually connected to the solar PV mini-grid electricity. There is a challenge concerning recycle and disposal of systems components such as batteries and PV cells after end-of-life. The study concludes that electricity supply in rural areas should bring more than just light to initiate improvement in the quality of life of rural dwellers.


Abstract The present study was aimed at evaluating the hardness and ductility of boron carbide and short E-glass of AA 2014 composites. These AMCs with individual and multiple reinforcement (hybrideMMCs) are finding increased applications in aerospacertechnology, automobileg, space, underwater and transportationiapplications. An effort is made to enhance hardness & ductility of AMCs by reinforcing AA 2024 matrix with varying proportion of both B4C and Short E-glass fiber by stir casting method. Aluminum alloy matrix varying proportions of boron carbide particulates and Short E-glass fibers were fabricated. The hardness and ductility of the fabricated AMCs were analyzed. After obtaining results the taguchi analysis (MINITAB17) is done for input response such as composition, stirring speed and, stirring temperature by selecting the L16 orthogonal array to study the effect of each process parameter for hybrid composite material. Based on the results obtained from hardness test of the metal matrix composites it is observed that, the hardness increases as the increase in the amount both B4C of short E-glass but ductility of hybrid composite material decreases.


Abstract : The funds provided by this grant were used to purchase a thermoanalytical balance, with additional thermal analytical capabilities, and a general purpose potentiostat/galvanostat in support of ongoing research on the thermochemistry of ferroelectric relaxors of ceramic system of PbO-MgO-Nb2O5-TiO2. This research is being carried out at Arizona State University, funded by a primary grant awarded by the AFOSR (ISSA-99-0013, entitled 'Grain Growth in Relaxor Ferroelectrics'). The equipment includes a high vacuum system capable of maintaining better than 10-8 bar pressure in the measuring chamber. Early trials indicate that the equipment will provide the needed accuracy for the required measurements. An auxiliary differential thermal analyzer (DTA) was constructed out of individually purchased parts and combined with existing equipment. This will enable testing of new compositions prior to their introduction into the thermal analyzer and allow for a survey of general reaction behavior of the samples. In addition, this procedure was used as a precaution to identify situations of excessive corrosion that might damage the main instrument. A potentiostat/galvanostat was purchased with two purposes in mind. One was to develop a method of analyzing lead content in liquid metal probes embedded in lead oxide samples. This method is being attempted to provide thermochemical data that would corroborate the information obtained from the gravimetric experiments. The second purpose of this equipment was to be used in the development of mictrochemical cells designed to control the lead oxide vapor pressure to which ferroelectric relaxor materials are exposed during synthesis.


By converting physical forces into electrical signals or triggering intracellular cascades, stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) allow the cell to respond to osmotic and mechanical stress. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying associations of SACs with human disease is limited. Here we describe 16 unrelated patients, with severe early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), intellectual disability, and severe motor and cortical visual impairment, associated with progressive neurodegenerative brain changes carrying ten distinct de novo variants of TMEM63B. Variants were missense, including the recurrent V44M in 7/16 patients, or in-frame, and affected highly conserved residues located in transmembrane regions of the protein. In 12 patients, haematological abnormalities co-occurred, such as macrocytosis and haemolysis, requiring blood transfusions in some. We modelled V44M, R443H, and T481N in transfected Neuro2a cells and demonstrated leak inward cation currents across the mutated channel even in isotonic conditions, while the response to hypo-osmotic challenge was impaired, as were the Ca2+ transients generated under hypo-osmotic stimulation. Ectopic expression of the V44M and G580C variants in Drosophila resulted in early death. TMEM63B-associated DEE represents a novel clinicopathological entity in which altered cation conductivity results in a severe neurological phenotype with progressive brain damage and early onset epilepsy, associated with haematological abnormalities in most patients.


The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of two recent decisions on an immigrant's right of appeal: Secretary of State for the Home Department v Sonia Mahli was decided in the Court of Appeal in December 1989 and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Oladehinde was decided by the House of Lords in October 1990. Both cases raised other substantive issues of considerable importance for public lawyers: Oldehinde made the important point that the Secretary of State for the Home Department could delegate to senior immigration officers his powers to make deportation decisions; Malhi demonstrated how limited are the natural justice rights of overstayers.


The present study is based on the in vitro production of callus, its long period maintenance and antibacterial potentiality. Callus induction and formation occurred by full strength MS media in combination with various concentration (0.5mg/l, 1.0mg/l, 1.5mg/l, 2.0mg/l) of 2, 4-D effective in combination with constant concentration of BA (2.5mg/l) and NAA (0.5mg/ml). The leaf calli were sub cultured and transferred to MS media with various hormonal combinations which were different from callus induction media. Internodes were also subjected to induce callus and callus formation resulted from MS media in combination with Kinetin (0.5mg/l, 1.0mg/l, and 1.5mg/l), BA (1.0mg/ml, 2.5mg/ml), NAA (1.0mg/l, 1.5mg/l, 2.0mg/l and 2.5mg/l) without adding 2, 4 D and another combination of 0.5mg/l 2, 4 D and 2.5 mg/l BA as well as 0.5mg/l NAA . The sustainability rate of total leaf callus for four month was 83.33% and that for inter node callus was 56.65%. Ten strains of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were used to antibacterial screening. The crude methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against four strains of Aeromonas (E14, Cok2/2, Cok2/3, Cok2/4) and one strain of Pseudomonas (P2F4). Ethanolic extract absorbed filter paper discs showed very low efficiency of inhibition to two strains of Aeromonas E17, Cok2/4 and one strain of Pseudomonas P2F4. Crude callus extract was effective against the growth of three strains of Aeromonas (E14, E17 and Cok2/4). It prohibited the growth of Pseudomonas Cla1b10 (avg. 10.71mm). This result implies the potentiality of presence of active compounds or secondary metabolites that have the antibacterial features in Red sandalwood callus.


Recent equations for calculating the osmotic coefficient of sea water from the properties of the component single-electrolyte solutions are discussed. Two equations are introduced that together provide accurate predictions of the osmotic coefficient of sea water for ionic strengths up to 4 M (equivalent to a fivefold concentration of standard sea water). Since they take into account the detailed solution composition these equations should be useful for calculating the osmotic coefficients of estuarine waters and of biological salines where procedures based on curve fitting to standard sea-water data may be inapplicable. Extensions of the calculations to cover a wide pressure and temperature range are discussed in some detail.


A communication node relays a transmission signal transmitted from a desired source node to a target destination node among multiple source nodes and multiple destination nodes. The communication node includes a first unitary matrix estimation unit that estimates a first unitary matrix by performing singular value decomposition involving one or more channel matrices between the relay node and the source nodes other than the desired source node; a second unitary matrix estimation unit that estimates a second unitary matrix by performing singular value decomposition involving one or more channel matrices between the relay node and the destination nodes other than the target destination node; and a transmission unit configured to transmit a relaying signal generated by multiplying a received signal by the first and second unitary matrices toward the target destination node.


and should facilitate the construction of multiple mutants having a set of desired marker genes. The transfer of the arg5allele into an Fstrain of K-12 has enabled us to map this gene, which prior to this had not been possible because arg5mutants had not been isolated in K-12. Localization of this gene is important for studies of the mechanism of repression in arginine biosynthesis. It was found that the presence of an Hfr gene excludes the effective transfer of the Flac+ episome during mating. This exclusion resembles the immunity against infection by a temperate phage conferred by the presence of the corresponding prophage.


Dear Editor, Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that causes the development of painful ulcers on the skin, initially starting with nodules or abscesses, and quickly progressing at the peripheral regions into ulcers.1 The exact cause is not yet known, and 20-30% of patients are said to experience a pathergy phenomenon in which lesions occur in the sites of previous trauma.2 In addition, pyoderma gangrenosum is accompanied by systemic diseases, such as Crohn's disease or inflammatory colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and hyperthyroidism.3 Although numerous reports indicate that pyoderma gangrenosum is associated with systemic diseases,4 case reports on the association of pyoderma gangrenosum with skin diseases, especially blistering disorders, are very rare. [...]


Abstract This article presents original mixed method research to describe the use of rare illicit psychoactive substances, with special emphasis on crack cocaine in France. We first introduce a unique monitoring system committed to the observation of hard-to-reach populations. Qualitative findings rely, among others, on perennial ethnographic studies and field professionals' knowledge to provide guidance to estimate the number of crack cocaine users. We then rely on a set of multilevel capture-recapture estimators, a statistical procedure to indirectly estimate the size of elusive populations. Since prior field evidence suggests an increasing diversity in crack cocaine users' profiles, we provide a measure of heterogeneity to assess which estimator better fits the data. The calculated estimates are then critically reviewed and debated in light of the previously gathered information. Our results uncover both individual and institutional heterogeneity and suggest that the spread of crack cocaine in France initiated earlier than originally thought. Our case study underlines the need for field-driven assessments to put quantitative results into perspective, a necessary step to tailor efficient health policy responses.


Case example Dr. Ames, a psychiatrist in private practice in a medium-sized California city, is caring for Ms. Warren, a 25-year-old single woman who was diagnosed four years ago with bipolar disorder. Dr. Ames and Ms. Warren have had monthly outpatient appointments over the past six months. At her first visit, Dr. Ames prescribed one of the standard medications for this condition, and he has been monitoring his patient's progress since then. At today's visit, Ms. Warren reports that she has felt very sad for the past week and has started to think that her condition is hopeless and that her life may not be worth continuing. This is the first time that she has mentioned any thoughts of suicide in her sessions with Dr. Ames. Dr. Ames knows that it is not unusual for a depressed patient to have suicidal thoughts and that it is very difficult to predict whether a patient who expresses such thoughts will actually commit suicide. He also knows that if Ms. Warren does commit suicide while under his care, he may be at significant risk of malpractice liability for failing to prevent her suicide. Dr. Ames could prevent her from committing suicide, at least in the short term, by involuntarily committing her to a psychiatric hospital, but commitment may not improve her longer-term prospects for survival and control of her illness. Involuntary commitment would be a major disruption of Ms. Warren's life, and she would likely view this action as a betrayal of her trust by Dr. Ames. Taking this action, therefore, would very likely undermine their therapeutic relationship. Should he nevertheless commit her, to reduce her risk of suicide and his risk of liability? When confronted with difficult questions about what to do, health care professionals may look both to ethics and to the law for guidance. Professor Kenneth de Ville, in fact, reports that the most common and often the first question asked by physicians and medical students in ethics discussions is "What does the law say?" Clinicians may inquire about their legal responsibilities for many reasons. Like Dr. Ames in the case above, they presumably want to avoid malpractice liability, and so they may seek information about the law in order to protect themselves from an adverse judgment. They may also view the law as offering clear direction about how to resolve complex problems.


During the war, many natural resources and environmental activities were directly connected to the war effort. This chapter examines how Japanese Americans tried to show their patriotism and prove their loyalty to the United States by engaging with nature in these prescribed ways. These interactions often involved the production of food, with detainees planting victory gardens and working as sugar beet harvesters at a time when farms were experiencing severe labor shortages. In addition, Japanese Americans at Manzanar participated in a program to cultivate and process guayule, a plant that experts believed could address a nationwide rubber shortage. Participating in these activities became expressions of environmental patriotism.


In General : Please note my new work phone number. Thi s will reach me directly. For those of you who have access to terminals an d modems, there is a nationwide timesharing service availabl e to you. It is called the SOURCE, it is oriented toward th e consumer and has on-line the UPI wire service information , stock and bond prices and two databases from the New Yor k Times. Also available is an electronic mail service and 4 terminals. It costs $100 to get started and $10 a month thereafter. $9 of the $10 dollars will be applied to connect time charges. Connect time is very inexpensive. During the day (prime time) it is $15 per hour. Starting a t six p .m. the rates drop to $4.25 per hour. In addition t o the information services on the source you can use it as a timesharing machine and make use of a PRIME computer. Th e following languages are available : BASIC, FORTRAN, RPG2 , COBOL and ASSEMBLER. I understand that PASCAL is on th e way. There is also an editor available. If you decide t o store information there are charges for this. In my nex t message I will have more information on informatio n retrieval services. EQUIPMENT FOR THE BLIN D I have been working with a TSI VERSABRAILLE paperles s braille system. It looks like this will be a very usefu l device. I didn't have much trouble sending information fro m the versabraille to my computer at work but receiving info r-mation was a different matter. It turned out to be som e hardware problems with my computer and not the versabraille. The best use I see for the versabraille is as a means o f storing documents and manuals. It will make a nice interactive computer terminal but the versabraille user faces th e same problems using the versabraille as does a sighted person using a CRT terminal. That is of how to get hardcopy o f what was on the screen. Triformation in Stuart Florida has taken over the Eli n-fa Disi Cassette and is marketing their own paperles s braille system. I have not seen one of these systems ye t but I understand it is much improved over the old Elinf a models. There is also a British firm which is marketing a system. I don't …


Browser-based Web content sharing system is designed for users to share and distribute what they're watching Web contents to other users or system via Web browser. The demonstration will show the novel method to distribute partial Web contents on browsers to other screens in Web browsing environment, especially for e-learning situations.


Methods and systems to update information of a device description of a field instrument are described. In one example, a method involves comparing a host revision of the device description executed via a host application with an instrument revision of the device description of the field instrument, generating a character string of update information based on the comparison, the character string containing the update information, and displaying the character string via the host application.


Single stage refining of high-viscosity lubricating oil using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) was carried out.The suitable operating conditions of the NMP refining were determined by orthogonal test and mathematical ways.On this basis,a simulate-three-stage extraction and dewaxing tests of NMP were done.The results show that the operation conditions of NMP anhydrous extraction are as follows: extracting temperature 87 ℃,the volume ratio of solvent to oil is 0.75.Under same conditions,NMP anhydrous single-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 90.1%,the refractive index is 1.464 5 at 60 ℃.NMP anhydrous simulate-three-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 90%,the refractive index is 1.462 2 at 60 ℃.Volume fraction of water 1.5% of extraction suitable operating conditions are as follows: extracting temperature 88.5 ℃,the volume ratio of solvent to oil is 1.38.Under same conditions,NMP single-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 87.7%,the refractive index is 1.463 1;NMP simulate-three-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 87%,the refractive index is 1.461 0 at 60 ℃.From refractive index changes to know that the effect of simulate-three-stage test is better than single-stage extraction test.


The arteriographic findings in 2 cases of lymphoma involving the kidneys are described.The pattern of vascularity in these lesions and in the others reviewed in the literature is that of a relative paucity of pathologic vessels supplying the mass lesion. The arteriographic findings are unlike those seen in the classic hypernephroma.Malignant lymphomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of renal masses in all patients with or without previously diagnosed lymphoma.


Objective Two mutated cataract male mice were found during our large scale laboratory animal production.We mated the cataract male mice with BALB/c female mice when they became mature.About 50% male and female mice of their offspring appeared with cataract.It indicates that the mutated cataract is controlled by an autosomal dominant trait.Now we manage to introduce the cataract gene into the BALB/c by backcross mating in order to establish a mouse model of inherited cataract(BALB/c~(Cat/Cat)).


The Surfers Paradise Meter Maid wears a gold bikini to promote the region of Surfer's Paradise on the east coast of Australia. The "celebrity" Meter Maid first appeared in 1964 and can be mapped to coincide with a range of conflations during that time where women were groomed to perceive beauty and women's power and prestige as inextricably linked. The nostalgia associated with the Meter Maid has kept her buoyant, even through feminist campaigns against women's objectification. Zoom forward to 2016 and the Meter Maid and Surfer's Paradise are still present, but charged with new responsibilities firmly located in a hypersexualised world. Newspaper articles make regular reference to the original Meter Maids seeking to recognise their iconic entity as "historic landmark" entrenched in what the Gold Coast "represents" as a liberal and freedom-seeking holiday destination.


Present paper describes an image measurement system for the wave height distribution around ship hulls in regular wave. The wave profile on a laser light sheet is visualized by the difference of light scattering between air and water. Detecting the boundary of bright and dark area on the visualized image with an image processing technique, the instantaneous wave profile on the sheet illumination is obtained. The wave height distribution in calm water can be obtained by reconstructing the distribution from the measured time-series data on a computer.The conditional sampling technique enables to obtain the wave height distribution in regular wave. The wave pattern around a ship in regular wave changes periodically, and its period is based on the encountering interval of wave and ship hull. The measured time-series wave profiles are sorted using their positions on the model fixed coordinate system and phases of encountering. It is the first try to obtain the time series wave pattern based on an experiment.


Early detection and diagnosis of thyroid nodules are very important to rescue patients before the cancer spreads all over the patient's body. A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is proposed to detect the malignancy of thyroid nodules using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This system extracts three descriptive features from T2-weighted (T2) MRI. These features are 1st-order reflectivity, 2nd-order reflectivity, and spherical harmonic. The 1st-order reflectivity is represented by sufficient statistics, (i.e. CDF percentiles), extracted from the cumulative distribution function (CDF) generated from it. After-ward, these features are fed to a neural network (NN) individually for diagnosis. Then, the classification outputs for these networks are fused using another NN for final diagnosis. The developed system is trained and tested using leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation technique on MRI scans from 63 patients. The proposed fusion system shows incredible improvements in diagnostic accuracy, compared with other machine learning approach and a well-know pretrained deep learning network as well as individual feature classification. The overall sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and accuracy of the proposed system are 91.3%, 95%, 91.3%, and 93.65%, respectively. The reported results, based on the fusion of reflectivity features as well as morphological feature, show the promise of the developed system in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.


Of the three major branches of the Yorkshire family of Constable, one, the Constables of Flamborough, was Parliamentarian and Puritan at the outbreak of the Civil War; the other two, those of Burton Constable and Everingham, were Royalist and Catholic. This article is concerned with the fortunes of the Everingham branch, who, by 1642, were owners of substantial amounts of landed property in both Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Their house at Middle Rasen in Lincolnshire, where they spent most of their time before the War, was surrounded by an estate of 3000 acres, while the Yorkshire estate consisted of 3000 acres in and around Everingham in the East Riding, 1000 acres at Drax in the West Riding, land in Holderness and a house in York.


We develop a methodology to estimate soil hydrodynamic parameters from a water infiltration experiment monitored with a GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar). Such an experiment, carried out on both controlled and natural site, consists in applying a water charge in a tank on the soil surface. During the water infiltration, the water layer thickness above the soil surface in the tank and the GPR response on the infiltration water front are monitored. The infiltration experiment is then modelled numerically using hydrogeological parameters which describe the constitutive relationships between water content, pressure and hydraulic conductivity. In that goal, we use the WAMOS-1D code which combines the 1D Richards equation and the Mualem – van Genuchten model. From the hydrogeological models outputs and petrophysical relationships, corresponding GPR velocity models are created to generate the resulting GPR signals. Then, an inversion algorithm couples both the hydrogeological and the geophysical models to seek the optimal hydrodynamic parameters. The inverse problem objective function is calculated from the estimated arrival time of the GPR waves reflected by the water infiltration front and compared to the measured ones. Preliminary inversion tests explore the hydrodynamic parameters space using synthetic data. First results show that the saturated hydraulic conductivity parameter can be estimated. Further tests are performed to improve both our experimental set-up and methodology and allow an estimation of the other hydrodynamic parameters. An emerging idea is to complete the objective function by analyzing the arrival time corresponding to additional reflectors to the water infiltration front.


In order to understand the effect of (length of pile / diameter of pile) ratio on the load carrying capacity and settlement reduction behavior of piled raft resting on loose sand, laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and the number of piles. The load settlement behavior obtained from the tests has been validated by using 3-D finite element in ABAQUS program, was adopted to understand the load carrying response of piled raft and settlement reduction. The results of experimental work show that the increase in (Lp/dp) ratio led to increase in load carrying capacity by piled raft from (19.75 to 29.35%), (14.18 to 28.87%) and (0 to 16.49%) , the maximum load carried by piles decrease from(9.1 to 22.72%), (15.79 to 47.37%) and (44 to 81.05%) and the response of settlement piled raftdecrease from (16.67 to 23.33%), (9.09 to 39.39%) and (30%) with increase the number of piles from 4 to (6 and 9) and (length of pile / diameter of pile) ratio increase to (14.14 and 21.2), respectively. The numerical and model test results are found to be in a good agreement.


Client solutions have become the catch-cry for the modern production industries. The wood products industry is no exception, and perhaps faces a bigger challenge in achieving this aim than many other industries.


Seeing that the Qing government ' S financial resources was insufficient and the public 1 acked stock - investing consciousness, people probed into the problem of establishing modern enterpris -es by borrowing foreign loans and raising foreign shares , in this way , to deal with the shortage of na -tional capital , to accelerate the economic construction , to change the public investing ideas and to pro -mote the development of modern enterprises.Furthemore, it is beneficial to safeguarding the economic rights of state by establishing enterprises to utilize foreign capital.


Background A photometric stereo method aims to recover the surface normal of a 3D object observed under varying light directions. It is an ill-posed problem due to the unknown of general reflectance properties of the surface. Methods This paper reviews existing data-driven methods and focuses on their technical insights for the problem of photometric stereo. We divide these methods into two categories according to how they process an image, i.e., in a per-pixel and all-pixel manner. We discuss the differences and relations of methods between the two categories. The discussions are from aspects of inputs, networks, and data, which are key factors of designing a deep learning approach. Results We demonstrate their performance using a popular benchmark dataset. Conclusions Data-driven photometric stereo methods have shown superior performance advantage over traditional methods. However, these methods suffer from various limitations, such as limited generalization capability. Finally, this study suggests research directions for future work.


The system includes measuring sensors (11, 12, 13) of physical quantities useful for driving assistance, an electronic calculator (20) trajectory correction incorporating a "Hill Assist" module (HA) of the aid take-off side and a "Hill descent Control" module (HDC) downhill speed limits, and the actuators (31 to 35) controlled by said computer to act on various control parameters, the computer further comprises a module "Hill Assist Descent control" traction control aid on slopes (HADC) that allows entry into action and output modules "Hill Assist" (HA) and "Hill Descent control" (HDC) according to laws specific controls to manage life situations intermediate between the situations managed by the "Hill Assist" module (HA) and those managed by the module "Hill Descent control" (HDC) motor .VEHICLES. support systems driving.


I review important aspects of the perturbative QCD approach to exclusive $B$ meson decays, concentrating on factorization theorem, gauge invariance, end-point singularities, $k_T$ and threshold resummations, power counting, penguin enhancement, and CP asymmetries.


The Fusaria are characterized by their ability to break down hexoses and pentoses with the production, almost exclusively, of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Studies on the similarities between the ethyl-alcohol-producing mechanisms of yeasts and fusaria have been the object of numerous investigations by Nord et al. (1940), by Gould et al. (1939), and by Gould and Tytell (1941). In the course of the latter investigations, which indicated striking similarities between the respiration and glycolysis of yeast and that of Fusarium tricothecoides, it was observed that a decarboxylating mechanism was always present. The results of the present communication indicate that Fusaria contain a carboxylase-cocarboxylase system, whose properties are described, which is strikingly similar to, if not identical with, the system in yeast, and that the system is synthesized by the organism even when the latter is grown on a "synthetic" medium and in markedly increased quantities when the medium contains added vitamin B1.


Electrical vehicles are favorable alternatives for transport under special environmental conditions. For financial and availability reasons the vehicles are powered by lead-acid batteries as a standard. Low capacity and limited driving range are the consequence and require a range of estimation. This is to be realized on the basis of charging and energy consumption. That is influenced for instance by charging current and duration, temperature outside and at motor and at battery, battery voltage, losses in converter and machine, speed at driving, height difference, empty and payload of vehicle, possible recharging during standstill e.g. by included photovoltaic. Therefore, many signals are to be measured. A rugged measurement system running on traction battery is realized and prepared for a test on a Golf car vehicle with 4 kW power rating.


Subjects were exposed to an optical rotation of visual reafferences from hand movements. This is known to produce visuomotor adaptation. An experiment is reported where it also induced a perceptual aftereffect measured as a displacement of the apparent vertical and as an ocular cyclotorsion, both in the direction of the optical rotation. No correlation could be found between the two phenomena which can be considered as independent adaptive responses to the visuomotor conflict.


NetLibrary currently offers more than 50,000 eBook titles from over 300 publishers, covering all subject areas. netLibrary eBooks can be read online using an internet browser and the collection is fully text searchable.


This paper gives an overview of RadioActive, a large-scale asynchronous audio messaging platform for mobile devices. It supports persistent chat spaces that allow users to engage in discussion on demand. Our goal is to allow users to easily navigate and participate in large audio-based discussions with minimal cognitive overhead. RadioActive attempts to eliminate problems that habitually plague audio-only designs by using a novel combined visual and audio interface.


This paper reviews the range of transport telematics products and services, being developed by industry and users in Europe, the USA, and Japan. It is generally agreed that major business in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Advanced Transport Telematics (ATT) is at an early stage of development, and that there is strong competition between its industrial organisations in Europe, the USA, and Japan. The main European Union research and development programmes in ITS have been DRIVE (1989-92), DRIVE II (1992-95), EU Fourth Framework (1995 on), and the parallel Prometheus programme. ITS America has organised itself into various Technical Committees, each covering an important aspect of ITS/ATT deployment, including: (1) Advanced Traffic Management Systems; (2) Advanced Traveller Information Systems; (3) Commercial Vehicle Operations; (4) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems; (5) Advanced Public Transport Systems; (6) Standards and Protocols; (7) Benefits; (8) Evaluation and Costs; and (9) Human Factors. The many Ministries and organisations promoting ITS in Japan are coordinated through VERTIS (Vehicle Road Traffic Intelligence Society). The useful applications of ATT include: improved traffic control, real-time information about the road and transport network and public transport, and route planning.


The article presents the results of the effects of ambient air pollution by automobile transport in the city of Bishkek. It is established that the large share ofpollutants emitted into the atmosphere by motor transport. Based on the analysis of the organization of traffic the necessity ofprocessing of a curriculum for training and retraining of drivers.


As a result of CMOS scaling, the critical dimension (CD) of integrated circuits has been shrinking. At sub-45 nm nodes, in which FinFET is a viable device architecture, line-edge roughness (LER) in current Si-based technologies forms a significant fraction of the line CD. In such cases, analyzing the impact of LER on FinFET performance is vital for meeting various device specifications. The impact of LER on the matching performance of FinFETs is investigated through statistical device simulations, comparing the relative importance of fin- and gate-LER. Fin-LER is shown to significantly degrade FinFET matching performance under DC and transient operations. Combining our device simulation results with experimental data, it is shown that fin-LER will dominate the intra-bit-cell stochastic mismatch in FinFET static random access memories at the LSTP-32-nm node. The electrical performance of spacer-defined fin (SDF) and resist-defined fin (RDF) patterning technologies has been compared. It is shown that, with respect to RDF patterning, the spacer-defined process has the potential to improve FinFET matching performance by 90%.


BECAUSE THE EXISTING TRAM DEPOT IN TOURS HAD BECOME TOO SMALL, NEW BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED TO HOUSE THE ADMINISTRATIVE HEADQUARTERS OF THE NETWORK AND THE WORKSHOP FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF BUSES, AND FOR THE GARAGING OF THE ROLLING STOCK. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NETWORK, OF THE PARKING FACILITIES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF TOURS, AND OF THE NEW DEPOT. TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS ARE DESCRIBED, E.G. PARKING IN THE OPEN WITH HEATING AT NIGHT, HEATING WITH RECYCLED OIL, NEW TYPE OF PAINTING INSTALLATION.


The effects of aggregate characteristics on the flow ability of mortar mixtures were investigated. Two types, five single-sized and three graded fine aggregate were considered. Uncompacted voids of the aggregates were measured. Flow properties of 166 mortar batches made with different aggregates, sand-to-cement ratios (s/c) and water-to-cement ratios (w/c), were evaluated using the modified ASTM C109 flow table test method. The results indicated that in addition to w/c, the content, uncompacted voids, and size of aggregate all significantly affect mortar flow ability. Generally, aggregate having higher uncompacted void content provides its mortar with a lower flow. When aggregate content was low (s/c = 1), aggregate size had little effect on the flow ability of the mortar; when aggregate content was high (s/c = 3), aggregate size significantly influenced the mortar flow ability. The mortar with graded aggregate has better flow ability than the mortar with single-sized particles. River sand provides a mortar with better flow ability when compared to limestone. A statistical model was developed to predict the flow ability of mortar. The model can also be used to study the effect of different parameters on mortar flow properties.


The primary objective of this study was to evaluate two subjective non-accident indicators: Driver Expectancy and Adequacy of Information System. Rating forms for both indicators were developed and field tested in a recent study entitled "Identification of Hazardous Locations." Limited statistical analysis and comments by state safety personnel participating in that study indicate that the subjective non-accident indicators may provide a relatively large contribution to the identification of accident potential. This paper investigates Driver Expectancy and Adequacy of Information System ratings provided by state safety personnel at twelve study sites. Based on these ratings it appears that safety personnel can, with reasonable consistency, assess (quantify) Driver Expectancy and Adequacy of Information System.


Abstract The structural changes determined by the increasingly dynamic and volatile evolution of the security environment, the new elements in the command and force structure at national and allied level, have led to legislative amendments accordingly. This paper aims to analyze the host nation from the perspective of the forces deploying on its territory by determining how regulations have evolved in this area and highlighting the main capabilities whose development at the host nation level can support the deployment. We have chosen to analyze the documents governing the addressed areas at NATO and US level and to conduct a case study relevant to the subject.


This paper introduces the professional development course of Intelligence Science and Technology, the new specialty of the university. And it discusses the connotation, the training program, laboratory construction planning and the employment guidance for graduates. This paper focuses on the explore and practice of the healthy development of the specialty of Intelligence Science and Technology which is characterized by "the construction of curriculum system and practice system as the foundation, the laboratory construction as the keystone, the scientific research as the leading position, the construction of faculty qualifications as guarantee".


In this graduation thesis I set the target to suggest measures to greater efficiency of managing system and production. Upon proved theories and detailed analysis of a company specialized in custom and production control, I project a software application of the program Microsoft Excel to rationalize the process of accepting orders, production controlling and dealing with customers. My project simulates the functions and advantages of professional software, whose purchase cost often amounts to tens of thousands crowns. With moderate adjustments, my application could be used for any other smaller factory specialized in custom production. However, compared to professional applications set according to requirements of a particular company, this system would be less flexible in series production.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy in the treatment of asthma in infants and young children by integrated Chinese and Western medicine.Methods We divided 100 cases of confirmed light-moderate asthma randomly into treatment group and control group with 50 cases in each.The aerosol inhalation of Pulmicort in acute episode of asthma and the Chinese herbal acupoint application in its remission period were given to the treatment group based on the treatment principle of Chinese medicine "alleviate the symptoms of the disease in its acute episode and effect a permanent cure of the disease as well in its remission period"and the aerosol inhalation of Pulmicort in acute episode was given to the control group,and then a comparison was made between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the treatment group was 90.0% and that of the control group was 58.0%,with a significant difference between them(P0.05).Conclusion The aerosol inhalation of Pulmicort combined with Chinese herbal acupoint application in the treatment of asthma has more advantages of a better curative effect,safety,low cost and fewer side effects,worthy to be popularized.


In this paper, we study the robustness of safety properties of a linear dynamical system with respect to model uncertainties. Our paper involves three parts. In the first part, we provide symbolic (analytical) and numerical (representation based) techniques for computing the reachable set of uncertain linear systems. We further prove a relationship between the reachable set of a linear uncertain system and the maximum singular value of the uncertain dynamics matrix. Finally, we propose two heuristics to compute the robustness threshold of the system -- the maximum uncertainty that can be introduced to the system without violating the safety property. We evaluate the reachable set computation techniques, effects of singular values, and estimation of robustness threshold on two case studies from varied domains, illustrating the applicability, practicality and scalability of the artifacts, proposed in this paper, on real-world examples. We further evaluate our artifacts on several linear dynamical system benchmarks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to: (i) extend perturbation theory to compute reachable sets of linear uncertain systems, (ii) leverage the relationship between the reachable set of a linear system and the maximum singular values to determine the effect of uncertainties and (3) estimate the threshold of robustness that can be tolerated by the system while remaining safe.


We constructed complementary inverters utilizing solution-processed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (scSWCNT) random networks and electrospun In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) nanofibers as p-type and n-type thin-film transistor (TFT) channels, respectively. The IGZO nanofiber n-type TFT and scSWCNT random network p-type TFTs show an on-off current ratio of 2.82 × 105 and 1.38 × 105, a threshold voltage of −7.60 and 9.50 V, a subthreshold swing of 380.13 and 391.01 mV/dec, and field effect mobilities of 1.96 and 5.67 cm2/V s for electrons and holes, respectively. In addition, these hybrid-type inverters consisting of n-channel TFTs and p-channel TFTs exhibit excellent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operation. Therefore, we expect that the hybrid CMOS-type inverters based on scSWCNT random networks and IGZO nanofibers can be innovative electronic devices for transparent and flexible digital logic circuits.We constructed complementary inverters utilizing solution-processed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (scSWCNT) random networks and electrospun In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) nanofibers as p-type and n-type thin-film transistor (TFT) channels, respectively. The IGZO nanofiber n-type TFT and scSWCNT random network p-type TFTs show an on-off current ratio of 2.82 × 105 and 1.38 × 105, a threshold voltage of −7.60 and 9.50 V, a subthreshold swing of 380.13 and 391.01 mV/dec, and field effect mobilities of 1.96 and 5.67 cm2/V s for electrons and holes, respectively. In addition, these hybrid-type inverters consisting of n-channel TFTs and p-channel TFTs exhibit excellent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operation. Therefore, we expect that the hybrid CMOS-type inverters based on scSWCNT random networks and IGZO nanofibers can be innovative electronic devices for transparent and flexible digital logic circuits.


An experimental apparatus and a LabView-based software suite were developed to conduct real-time research on field electron emission. The authors observed and analyzed the current–voltage characteristics of emitters based on carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites. A simple quantitative test was used to compare such characteristics with the classical field electron emission theory.


Objective To Investigate the Clinical value of CT Scan in the follow-up of Acute Pancreatitis. Methods To analyze the changes of CT signs of 125 cases with acute pancreatitis comfirmed by the operation and clinical symptoms retrospectively. Only one time was follow-up CT scan performed in 24 cases, two times in 38 cases, three times or more in 63 cases. Results The pancreatitis signs were taken a turn for the better in 87 cases, had No significant changes in 23 cases, become aggravation in 15 cases, there were death in 6 cases. Conclusions CT is an easy and effective way to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the pancreatitis and judge whether the complication arise. CT examination should be determined as the preferred method in the follow-up of Acute Pancreatitis.


The system of organized pre-school education for children from preschool arises from long ago and is part of the whole educational-education system in most countries in the world. Organized pre-school education and training provides education to children for successful adaptation and inclusion in the process of teaching. In pre-schools, children are introduced and taught how to learn and process knowledge to pleasant experiences, joy and special interest. In all this helps, teach, the most important model for identifying, preschool teacher. Namely, the earliest age a child learns to take care of what teacher's say, of what he would do, what teachers considered important, that information will required, what should be paid attention. In this paper we will try to shed light role and importance of teachers especially in terms of his role which has the initial implementation of mathematical education


Objectives In order to develop a rapid microsatellite genotyping assay for inter-strain differentiation of Candida albicans isolates and understand the transmission characteristics of the infections. Methods DNA was extracted from C. albicans isolates from genitals, anal canals and oral cavities of 39 women and 27 men with genital candidiasis. The microsatellite sequences in stabel genes(CDC3, EF3 and HIS3) were amplified by a fluorescence labeled PCR. Fluorescent signals were read with an automatic se- quencer, and the data were collected with GeneScan software followed by genotyping with Genotyper soft- ware to analyze polymorphic microsatellite loci. Results Combined analysis of the 3 microsatellite markers showed 18 gene allele associations in C. albicans from genital sites of all men and women, including 10 in women, 11 in men and 3 in both. The allele associations of dominant pathogenetic strains for both sexes were 116:124, 122:131,160:200, which covered 50% of pathogenetic infection. Three common allele associations for both sexes covered 71% of all infections. Genitals and anal canals shared strains of same allele associations in 80% of women and in only 3.8% of men. The strains of same allele associations were identified in both genitals and mouth in 2.7% of women but in none of men. In their genital sites 71% of couples shared the same allele strains, of which 80% were the dominant pathogenetic strains identified in both sexes. Conclusions The improved microsatellite genotyping assay is useful for rapid differentiation, identification of infective source, and contact tracing of C. albicans infection. There are pathogenetic C. albi- cans strains with predominant allele associations in genital infections.


The article reveals the essence of coping behaviour and students' adaptation mechanisms in educational process. As modern society demands more of students, the process of knowledge acquisition and any other activity are accompanied with stress. Thus the necessity of training for stress-resistant behavior arises. The author substantiates the necessity to use technologies and methods in modern education aimed at the formation of readiness to adaptive coping behavior.


The purpose of this study was to determine a more effective method for shoulder pain reduction. Forty-five normal subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups a control group, an acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS) group, and a silver spike point(SSP) group. Each person in the ALTENS and SSP groups was measured for pressure pain threshold before and after a 20 minute treatment. The control group was also checked for pressure pain threshold before and after a 20 minute period but no "treatment" was given. The major findings were as follows ; 1)The ALTENS and SSP groups showed significant differences before and after treatment but the control group showed no significant difference. 2)When the three groups were compared, the only significant difference was between the SSP group and the control group. As mentioned above, it may be concluded that both ALTENS and SSP therapy were effective in reducing shoulder pain when measured directly after treatment. However, SSP did not show any superior effect. Further study should be done to determine the effective the maintained pain reduction with post-treatment time lapse.


In article results of assessment of taxonomical and intrapopulation diversity of 4 types of herbs in national park "Mari Chodra" and their biological resources with use of populational and ontogenetic approach are carried out. The ontogenetic structure of their cenopopulation is studied and demographic indicators are calculated. The analysis of condition of populations and their resources showed that studied types of herbs without damage can be recommended for preparation.


Taxonomyof Producing Organism The producing fungal strain was isolated from a soil sample collected at Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Morphological properties were examined on potato dextrose agar (Difco), malt extract agar and oat meal agar. Colonies grown on each media were more than 90mmin diameter after incubation at 25°C for 5 days. This strain grew moderately to form white or whitish green to green colonies which were floccose, generally with compact tufts of conidiophores. The hyphae were branched, smooth-walled and hyaline. Conidiophores were long and thick, often with sterile hyphal elongations. Phialides which grew on short and thick side branches were crowded, short, plump, and 4.0-7.5X3.0-4.O ^m in size. Conidia were short-cylindrical, green, smooth-walled, and 3.0-4.0X2.5-3.0^ in size (Fig. 2). From the above characteristics, strain FO-


The aim of this study was to examine whether providing patients with a series of balance scales (BS), depicting a reciprocal relationship between achieving disease control and increasing the risk of infection, influences treatment preference.


This article provides a new perspective on why the quantity and tone of media coverage vary between groups of politicians. The analysis makes three key distinctions: first, between the volume of reporting and its tendency; second, between attention-seeking politicians and blame-avoiding politicians; and third, between attention due to characteristics of media outlets and those of politicians. These distinctions, along with a comprehensive dataset and a multilevel analysis approach, comprise the building blocks of an empirical analysis of press coverage devoted to Norwegian parliamentarians between 2001 and 2005. The results suggest that politicians who appear regularly in the newspapers, such as party leaders and long-serving MPs, face a greater amount of negative media coverage than those who do not. Female MPs receive less, but more positive, coverage. Reporting by the tabloids is more negative than that of other newspapers, especially with regard to party leaders.


Ferns are homosporous, leptosporangic, pteridophytes, seedless, flowerless and oldest lineage of vascular plants (Oloyede (2012). Where, the ornamental use of ferns has been practiced since long time, but is now one of the important cut foliage in many countries around the world. The foliage of fern is highly valued in the international florist greenery market because of its long post-harvest life, low cost, year round availability and versatile design qualities in form, texture and colour (Safeena, 2013). Due to ornamental nature of the fronds of Dryopteris, Adiantum, Nephrolepis, the potted plants of these species find place in the terrace of houses, hotels, gardens, etc. (Dixit, 2000).


One of the urgent problems of improving the quality of road surfaces is to improve the properties of bitumen used as binders. For this purpose, various modifiers are used, which are mainly obtained synthetically. Modification of bitumen with natural raw materials is favorable from an economic and environmental points of view. The modification of road oil bitumen with samples of shungite from the Koksu deposit (Kazakhstan) was carried out in the work. The shungite samples were previously crushed by mechanochemical activation to improve their surface and adhesive properties. As a result of modification with shungite, an increase in the softening temperature and a decrease in the extensibility and penetration of bitumen were observed. The optimal amount of added shungite turned out to be 1 mass %. The shungite of carbonate origin on a mineral basis is more favorable as a modifier compared to samples of shale origin.


Due to the extraordinary penetration ability of X-ray, as well as the combination with the tomography and image reconstruction technologies, X-ray microscope has a unique advantage in revealing the inner structure of the observing object [1]. In X-ray microscope image reconstruction, it is a crucial step to take both the sharpness of reconstructed images and the robustness to noise into consideration, while this process yields manually-picked parameters based on expert knowledge and experimental experiences. Among the two major categories of reconstruction technologies, iterative reconstruction (IR) usually involves less prior knowledge compared with analytical reconstruction methods [2], however, a few parameters still need to be finely tuned. In this work, we developed an adaptive iterative reconstruction algorithm for X-ray microscope, which allows the parameters update iteratively with the reconstructed images. IR algorithms commonly include edge-preserving or noise-suppressing regularization terms, and a group of parameters are used to decide how aggressively they are applied [3]. Our novel method could utilize the empirical parameters as initialization and ensure the flexibility within the following update stage, which balances the computational efficiency of algorithm and the different characteristics of observing objects. We evaluate our algorithm and demonstrate its advantages by comparing our results with the ones from traditional algorithms with fixed parameters.


The aim of this study was to provide the basic design parameters for developing logging residue compression machines by investigating compressive deformation characteristics of different types of logging residues. To achieve these objectives, Pinus rigida, Pinus koraensis and Quercus mongolica were selected as specimens, and compression-deformation tests by UTM(universial testing machine) were conducted. The experimental dataset were used to set up the model based on the compression-deformation ratio in the form of exponential function. The results showed that stress coefficient in terms of mechanical properties of logging residues was decreased, whereas strain coefficient tended to be increased as the number of compression increased at target density of and . The model presented that the required stress was decreased as the number of compression increased, and the stress growth rate was swelled compared to the change of the deformation rate. Therefore, it showed that proper initial compression force was a significant variable in order to achieve the target density of logging residue.


Industrial apparatus for applying radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to semiconductive dielectric materials comprises a radio-frequncy voltage generator and an applicator device for applying radio-frequncy electromagnetic fields. The applicator device comprises a plurality of electrodes electrically electromagnetic field with electrical and magnetic components then a radio-frequency electromagnetic field with electrical and magnetic components arranged in a preferential direction. The applicator device further comprises at least one pair of equipotential electrodes substantially aligned in the preferential direction and material transportation means for housing and transporting semiconductive dielectric material within the applicator device in a direction substantially parallel to the preferential direction.


Fengman Dam has been always operating at a high water level since July 29,2010,the highest water level was up to 263.14m in flood season.In this article,the horizontal and vertical laser displacement of the dam top,the longitudinal and transverse uplift pressures of the dam foundation,the water leakage of the dam body and foundation,the field patrol inspection information during the high water level are analyzed and the analyzing conclusions are drawn.


Young chickens readily gave PCA reactions but as they became older they gradually lost this capacity (4). PCA reactions were elicited in SPF chickens ranging from 45 to 897 days of age. When these SPF chickens were later housed in an ordinary environment for more than 6 months, they retained their ability to give PCA reactions.


Background and rationale: Identifying risk factors for bone loss is of utmost importance in the prevention of osteoporotic bone fractures. We and others have recently described the dramatic erythropoietin (EPO)-induced bone loss. Recombinant EPO and its long-acting derivative, darbepoetin alpha (DA), are frequently and interchangeably used in clinical practice for similar indications including diseases (e.g. multiple myeloma) in which bone mass may be compromised already, as a part of the disease process. Here, we examined in a murine model, the dose response to the erythroid stimulating agents (ESA) EPO and DA, in the erythroid and bone compartments.

Methods: C57B6/JRcchsd 9-week old female mice were treated for two weeks with either EPO or DA using two dose intensities. EPO and DA were administered subcutaneously thrice or once weekly, respectively, for a total weekly dose of 27IU/mouse or 540IU/mouse, hereafter defined correspondingly as intermediate (ID) and high dose (HD) subgroups. Bone morphometry of the distal femoral metaphysis was assessed using microCT. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping of bone marrow (BM) cells. One-way ANOVA was used to compare variables among the treatment groups.

Results: First, we found that ID-DA induced bone loss to a similar extent as ID-EPO as reflected by a significant (p 0.05 for EPO versus DA groups). In view of the established role of B cells in bone metabolism, we determined the effects of EPO and DA on BM B cell compartment. HD-EPO but not ID-EPO induced a "maturation arrest"-like state in the bone marrow B cell population, increasing the proportion of B220+/CD19-/CD43high/IgM- pre-pro-B two-fold and B220+/CD19+/CD43high/IgM- pro-B cells 2.8-fold (p<0.05) while reducing the proportion of B220+/CD19+/CD43low/IgM+immature B cells by 2.3-fold (p<0.01). Intriguingly, these alterations were not noted following DA treatment.

Conclusion: Applying clinically comparable dosing regimen, both recombinant EPO and DA exert a similar, dose-dependent bone loss, not directly proportional to the erythroid response. However, DA, in contrast to EPO, spares the preosteoblast and bone marrow B cell populations. These finding suggest a different mechanism of action of these closely related ESA preparations on the skeletal and immune systems thus warranting further exploration. Finally, our findings advocate for initiating and maintaining patients with the lowest possible doses of EPO/DA to minimize untoward skeletal and other extra-erythropoietic effects, while achieving the desired correction of anemia.

This study was supported by a grant from the Israel Cancer Association to DN, YG and MM.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


That excess imbibing of alcoholic beverages may lead to crippling liver injury has been well known ever since the cultivation of the grape became an early endeavor in agriculture to spread happines...


The writers investigated the effects of short - term endurance and strength - endurance of aerobic training on serum lactate dehydr ogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activity in eighteen male university students. They measured the serum LDH and CK activity before and after training the students. The results show that the serum LDH and CK activity is not sensitive to short - term endurance and strength - endurance training and that LDH and CK are not appropriat for the parameter to value the effects of aerobic training.


Memetic algorithms and cooperative coevolution are emerging fields in evolutionary computation which have shown to be powerful tools for real-world application problems and for training neural networks. Cooperative coevolution decomposes a problem into subcomponents that evolve independently. Memetic algorithms provides further enhancement to evolutionary algorithms with local refinement. The use of crossover-based local refinement has gained attention in memetic computing. This paper employs a cooperative coevolutionary framework that utilises the strength of local refinement via crossover. The framework is evaluated by training recurrent neural networks on grammatical inference problems. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better performance than the standard cooperative coevolution framework.


In this paper we show that a gravity dual model with Q-lattice structure can provide a holographic description of a Mott-like insulator, which is an extension of our previous work in arXiv:1507.02514. We construct the bulk geometry with two gauge fields and introduce a coupling between the lattice and the Maxwell field. It turns out that an insulating ground state with hard gap as well as vanishing DC conductivity can be achieved in the zero temperature limit, which can be viewed as a substantial progress towards the holographic construction of Mott-like insulator. The non-Drude behavior in optical conductivity is also discussed.


On 2 December 2015, the Vienna Commercial Court referred a question to the ECJ on the concept of "communication to the public" in copyright law, in proceedings for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 TFEU.

The reason for the referral was an action brought by the Austrian collecting society Verwertungsgesellschaft Rundfunk (VGR) against a hotel operator for a breach of broadcasting rights. The hotel management provides TV sets in the hotel rooms by means of which the signals of several television and radio programmes can be seen and heard (so-called "hotel room TV"). The room price per night covers the use of the TV sets and the provision of the TV and radio programmes. VGR claims that this constitutes communication of the programmes to the public and is thus a breach of broadcasting rights. The Commercial Court stayed the proceedings and referred a question to the ECJ for a preliminary ruling. The Court asks whether the condition of the "payment of an entrance fee" within the meaning of Article 8(3) of Directive 2006/115/EC (Rental and Lending Directive) is satisfied if: TV sets are provided in separate rooms of a hotel and the signals of TV and radio programmes are capable of being seen or heard as a result of that provision by the hotel management; the management makes a charge per night for using the room with "hotel room TV" ("room price"); and the charge covers the use of the TV sets and the possibility of seeing or hearing the TV and radio programmes provided.


Customers satisfaction is critical to organizations because tied to it is the development of trust and security of the client to the company. Thus, this study aims to verify the satisfaction of member companies and apprentices of the services performed by the CIEE (Center of Integration Company School). To do so, has been developed a quantitative and descriptive research, making use of a survey with Apprentices and Member Companies of the CIEE. As for the results, it was found that, in general, the relationship between CIEE, Companies and Apprentices is satisfactory. Some features of CIEE contributed to this result, such as being located in a college town that facilitates the search for young and companies, and mostly your time at market that reflects credibility opposite the clients. Palavras-chave Marketing. Relacionamento. Satisfacao. Clientes.


Crash data are key components in transportation safety studies. In recent research completed by Brigham Young University (BYU) for the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT), crash data were evaluated for 175 segments of 49 different state routes for a total of 207 miles of arterial roadway. Included in the crash dataset were the results of over 28,800 crashes aggregated by severity and collision type utilizing the UDOT web-based crash data almanac. The crash data almanac allows users to search reported crash data and establish filters for quick evaluation of results. In the research completed by BYU, crash data were evaluated to determine which characteristics of roadway sections were related to safety including crash rate, crash severity, and collision type. To accomplish this objective, several methodologies were developed to calculate crash severity scores, while the data almanac was utilized to collect crash rates and collision type data. The objective of this paper is to summarize the crash data collection process for this and other studies and to outline ways in which crash data can be useful in evaluating transportation safety. The specific application in this research is that of access management and the relationship between roadway characteristics and access management techniques. The results of this paper are expected to provide direction and guidance to engineers and planners on the use of crash data, specifically searchable crash databases, while also identifying the safety benefits of access management techniques based on the relationships between such techniques and crash histories.


In the arena of the new genetics, eugenics is a much-debated issue. A recent article in a tabloid newspaper under the title of: 'Bodysnatcher's law cloaked in the guise of benevolence?' concerned the issue of a plan to pass a new law under the Scottish Parliament, which would allow the retrieval of vital organs from the deceased unless a register had been signed beforehand refusing permission for their organs to be taken (Warner, 2001). This application of presumed consent is an example of how advantage can be taken of an altruistic tendency (in this case voluntary organ donation) to obtain organs and tissues with the genuine aim of saving lives. In this article I look at the complex issues surrounding altruism and eugenics, with the aim of showing that what I hold to be the desirable quality of human altruism, as distinguished from evolutionary altruism, needs to be approached critically in the context of eugenics. The issue of eugenics is a much-debated concern as new developments in genetics have profound impacts on the ways in which the future of humankind and the future of individuals are seen. New genetics technologies, such as prenatal diagnostic testing or somatic and germ line therapy, present ever more opportunities to alter the health of individuals and future generations. Pre-implantation diagnosis technology, for example, is used to test selected embryos for genetic disease prior to implantation. It has been used to screen for genetic diseases such as cystic Ž brosis, Tay Sachs disease, haemophilia and Fragile X syndrome, and has resulted in more than 30 successful pregnancies reported worldwide (Dokras, 2001). This allows for the choice to accept or reject embryos on the basis of test results, and brings into question whether it is acceptable to conceive children using a method that in future might afford the possibility of selecting for a whole range of traits, not just genetic diseases. The


Bismuth oxide nanosheets were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with Bi(NO3)(3) and NH4OH as raw materials and soluble starch as dispersant The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, nitrogen sorption and so on The nanosheets shows a narrow distributing thickness and large special surface area of 9 26 m(2)/g Meanwhile, the electrochemical performances of nano-sheets Bi2O3 were examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques and charge-discharge experiment The result shows that nanosheets Bi2O3 exhibited electrochemical activities


Data for bulked samples of ungraded Cox's Orange Pippin fruit obtained from many sources over a period of 18 years show that there is a general inverse relationship between mean mass per apple and mean calcium concentration. Part of the scatter around the regression curve was accounted for by differences between years but there were larger differences between samples of the same size picked from different orchards in the same year. Even with the most favourable conditions the observed samples with mean mass per apple greater than 150 g had less than 5 mg Ca/100 g when no calcium sprays were applied and in general most samples with mean masses per apple greater than 110g were likely to have concentrations of calcium below this and hence were liable to develop bitter pit. Fruit calcium level was a more important determinant of liability to bitter pit than was mean mass per apple.

Although there was some evidence of the same relationship between calcium concentration and mass when apples from the same tree were analysed individually other factors often negated it. Two- to three-fold differences in calcium concentration were observed in individual apples from the same tree.


The long heralded transition of photonic technology from a rack to rack interconnect to an integral part of the system architecture is underway. Silicon photonics, where the optical communications devices are fabricate using the same materials and processes as CMOS logic will allow 3D or monolithically integrated devices to be created minimizing the overhead for moving between the electronic and photonic domains. It is possible to view photonics as simply "better wires". However to fully exploit the capabilities of integrated silicon photonics we need to reconsider systems architecture to make use of capabilities such as broadband switching and distance independence. The combination of new device technologies and innovative system architectures will be critical in establishing the path to Exascale computing.


Metal (II) ion-exchanged 5A, Y, and X type zeolites were screened to find effective catalysts for oxidative cleavage of palm stearin into mono- and dibasic acids with middle carbon chains.The formation of carboxylic acids was followed by 1H NMR spectrometry. When one reaction was recognized to form volatile material more than the others, it was carried out on a larger scale to collect the volatile material. This material was submitted to GC-MS spectral analysis for identification of individual components.The formation of carboxylic acid was confirmed in the case of products obtained by catalysts such as Mn (II) -5A and Co (II) -Y, but the amount of each was quite small. Analytical results on the volatile materials showed Mn (II) -5A and Co (II) -Cu (II) -Y to contribute to the formation of carbo-xylic acids and aldehydes, respectively.


A review is presented of the applications and techniques of ultrasonic, spark, spot, argon arc, argon electrode, electron beam, pressure, forge, electroslag, and cold pressure welding, diffusion bonding, and brazing of Zr, Be, Nb, V, Hf, Ti, Magnox, SAP, stainless steel. Th. steel, W, Al, Co, Ta alloy, Mo alloy, and Nb alloy tubes, sheets, and sheaths. A summary of corrosion, mechanical, and physical properties of welded nuclear equipment is included. (Rev. Metal Lit., 20: No. 12, Dec. 1963)


This master thesis is aimed at application of SMED method in company Visteon-Autopal Ltd. This work is dividend into two main parts. In theoretic part are mentioned theoretic resources for practical part. In theoretical part of my work I am dealing with knowledge from the areas of productivity, lean manufacturing and SMED method. Practical part contains the company characteristics, workplace and changeover analysis. The results of analysis advent to the improvement possibilities further solved in project part.


The localized Joule heating in polyethylene films was detected at room temperature before the dielectric breakdown under dc field. When a high temperature point appeared, the conduction current increased with time. The final breakdown occurred at the point of highest temperature. This good correlation between the breakdown point and the Joule heating point shows that a thermal process takes part in the dc electrical breakdown of polyethylene films at room temperature and that there are weak points for the breakdown in the film where the current density is higher than average.


German-Spanish Cultural and Scientific Exchanges During the Weimar Republic
After the First World War, Germany intensified its foreign cultural policy with the countries that had remained neutral during the conflict, which in the first place motivated a greater cultural exchange with Spain in the interwar period. This article reviews the Spanish-German relations in the different stages between 1919 and 1933-1936, from the priority of cultural policy to recover a damaged image after the defeat, to a lively scientific exchange and the influence that the German university exerted on the Spanish in the legal and pedagogical fields. In Spain, a progressive spirit of attention to the exterior and the search for models to learn from or to exchange their own creations are observed at the same time. In this context, the activities of Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios and Residencia de Estudiantes stand out. The political changes that took place in Spain in 1931 and in Germany in 1933 gave a new direction to the orientation of the foreign cultural policy of both countries.
Received: 19-11-2019
Admitted: 08-12-2019


The objective of this article is to enlighten and emancipate accounting education basic assumption and concept that match to the objective of national education. The objective of national education is based on balanced values of spirituality, mentality, morality, intellectuality and skill. Emancipation and enlightenments are conducted by utilizing purification (tazkiyah) methodology with fully love values.The result of tazkiyah accounting education is enlightenment and emancipation of accounting education based on self interest and secularism towards accounting education based on God interest with fully love. There are consequences of tazkiyah. First, is to free education from corporate hegemony towards education that is more corporate-responsible that extends its accountability (stakeholders, nature, and God) and empowering oriented. Second, it produces synergy of learning conception based on reproductive view learning and constructive view of learning, and beyond (hyper view of learning).


Atorvastatin calcium is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent. Atorvastatin (ATR) is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early and rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. According to the biopharmaceutical classification, ATR comes under Class II (low solubility and high permeability). Because of the limited aqueous solubility, it exhibits dissolution rate limited oral absorption. The objective of this investigation was to improve the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug atorvastatin, using solid dispersion (SD) techniques, with Aegel marmelos Gum (AMG) as a hydrophilic carrier. The effect of two variables related to solid dispersions preparation (drug to carrier ratio and method of preparation) were investigated. All the SDs prepared by Microwave induced fusion and Lyophilisation techniques showed remarkable increase in the solubility compared to the pure ATR.The solubility analysis demonstrated highest increase in the solubility of drug observed with ATR-AMG ratio 1:1 by lyophilisation technique. During In Vitro study result obtained that the SD prepared using the Lyohilisation method containing 1:1 ATR-AMG ratio displays faster dissolution rates compared with those prepared using the other that is 98.8±0.09% drug release within 90 min. The SD was characterized using DSC and XRD technique.


This paper reports medicinally important and edible species of ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius collected during the monsoon season between 2006–2009, in the elevation range of 350 to 3200 m above sea level from district Pauri Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal of Garhwal Himalaya. It includes description of L. hygrophoroides var. hygrophoroides, L. piperatus var. piperatus, L. scrobiculatus var. scrobiculatus,L. subindigo, L. subpurpureus and L. volemus var. volemus. Among these six species, L. piperatus var. piperatus and L. volemus var. volemus are medicinally important and other species are edible in Garhwal region or reported edibles from other parts of the world. The medicinal properties are compiled on the basis of information gathered by literature review. This report provides new information on edible and medicinally important species of Garhwal region.


Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a life-threatening condition which can be defined as a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function associated with inflammation and oxidative stress having limited treatment options. The anti-platelet drug, clopidogrel showed nephroprotective action in 5/6 nephrectomy model, lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and diabetes-induced renal fibrosis. Objectives: In this study we evaluated the effect of clopidogrel on various serum, urine parameters linked with CRF, vascular calcification, electrolyte abnormalities, inflammatory markers and renal histology. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of male Wistar rats were treated with saline normal control), adenine (50 mg/kg, disease control), clopidogrel (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) concomitantly with adenine (preventive regimen), clopidogrel 60 mg/kg from day 15th curative regimen) and acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg) in combination with taurine as standard drug (50 mg/kg) from day 15th in a 4-week model. Following the completion of the treatments, urine, blood, and kidneys were collected from all rats, and then various biochemical, oxidative, and histological parameters were estimated. Results: Adenine administration decreased body weight and kidney function due to injury as indicated by increased markers like serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and potassium in all animals except normal control group. There was a significant difference between disease and test drug groups especially for 60 mg/kg of preventive and curative regimen for all the estimated parameters. Adenine administration caused histopathological alterations, significant reduction in antioxidant indices and initiated a fibrotic response in kidney by increasing the profibrotic protein like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1). Conclusion: The results suggest that clopidogrel treatment improves majority of the parameters in a dose-dependent manner and the renoprotective effect might be associated with its antioxidant and anti- fibrosis activity.


The continuous welding production method of light H-type steel includes the following processes: decoiling band steel, flatening, shearing but-welding, loop stoage, web edge-upsetting, preassembling,high-frequency welding, quick-cooling, flatening drawing, length shearing. The parameters of every process are: edge-upsetting pressure is 500-8000 kgf, microtension of band steel before welding is 50-1000 Kgf, welding speed is 10-50 m/min., welding power is 100-1000 KW, and cooling speed is 1-30 deg.C/s.


In the last ten years, the field of staff development and training has grown rapidly, internationally and also within Australia. In many organisations, the training and development of staff has become a major consideration, due to the greater demand for both technical and human skills. This paper reviews the recent and future trends in human resource development (HRD) and training within Australia, emphasising that there is significant room for improvement, with training tending to be conducted in a fragmented approach. It describes the external pressures that are forcing HRD to formulate a more structured approach to training and development and focuses on major areas such as career development, organisation development, and training methods. The final section of the paper emphasises the need for the professional education of the HRD practitioner. In conclusion, the author stresses that organisations need to develop comprehensive HRD plans, that there is a growing awareness of the need to integrate HRD plans within the strategic plans of an organisation, and that more training programs are becoming participative, using a variety of techniques and methods.


Facial beauty prediction (FBP), as a frontier topic in the domain of artificial intelligence regarding anthropology, has witnessed some good results as deep learning technology progressively develops. However, it is still limited by the complexity of the deep structure network in need of a large number of parameters and high dimensions, easily leading to a great consumption of time. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fast training FBP method based on local feature fusion and broad learning system (BLS). Firstly, two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) is employed to reduce the dimension of the local texture image so as to lessen its redundancy. Secondly, local feature fusion method is adopted to extract more advanced features through avoiding the effects from unstable illumination, individual differences, and various postures. Finally, extensional feature eigenvectors are input to the broad learning network to train an efficient FBP model, which effectively shortens operational time and improve its preciseness. Extensive experiments with the proposed method on large scale Asian female beauty database (LSAFBD) can be conducted within 13.33s while sustaining an accuracy of 58.97%, impressively outstripping other state-of-the-art methods in training speed.


Natural scientists have long studied the circulation of matter within nature, and geographers have long investigated the exchange of matter between nature and man in the process of economic production. The time is now at hand to develop an overall theory of geographic cycles that would encompass the circulation of matter both within the natural environment and in the process of human activities. The author suggests an array of geographic cycles that appear to operate in the man-environment system, and shows how the identification and study of such cycles might provide a new focus for the organization of geography as a science, for geographic research and for its practical application.


This work has been motivated by the need for an alternative hydrodynamic theory to apply in analysis of impact loads on typical sections of vessels operating in waves, as well as for the closely analogous hydrodynamics of steady planing in calm water. A theory is needed which is computationally practical, but also physically sound, and incorporating the needed level of sensitivity to detail in the driving physical variables. A new theory believed to achieve this objective is proposed herewith. It can be viewed as a rational compromise between direct numerical inversion of the relatively exact governing equations, which is not presently possible to the needed level of generality, and the simple asymptotic theories evolved from the original work of Herbert Wagner (1932). The single solution field of the exact formulation is retained in the proposed theory; this is versus separate near and far fields of the asymptotic methods. The major reduction of the exact equations exercised here is the specification of uniform first-order geometric linearity; this is also an implicit characteristic of the Wagner class of asymptotic theories. All boundary conditions are satisfied on the horizontal axis in the limit of flatness. But the proposed theory retains the hydrodynamic nonlinearity of the exact formulation; the transverse flow perturbation is retained in the axis boundary conditions to consistent order. As contour flatness is approached and geometric linearity is more and more closely achieved, the transverse contour velocity becomes increasingly larger. The achievement of uniform geometric linearity in the flatness limit is therefore accompanied by uniform hydrodynamic nonlinearity. This is not recognized in the asymptotic theories, where the far field is linear both geometrically and hydrodynamically. The reduction of the exact formulation to an axis satisfaction of the boundary conditions allows much of the geometric inversion imbedded within the initial value problem to be performed analytically. Thus the outer numerical time integration of the system is in terms of stable algebraic formula, resulting in algorithms that are reliably computable on standard computing equipment. Discretization of the general theory for numerical analysis is proposed. The analysis procedure developed is applied to a number of cases of generalized flat cylinder impact. This is in the interest of demonstrating both its utility and its value in providing new insight into the very complex character of impact hydrodynamics.


The paper is devoted to the problem of visual geolocalisation in an urban area. A method of building recognition based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed. A set of deep metric learning algorithms is analyzed to improve the recognition performance. Experimental results on ZuBuD dataset demonstrate the benefits of applying deep metric learning in the problem of visual geolocalisation.


Internet banking is one of the most popular payment methods in Europe, allowing customers of a bank or other financial institution to develop a wide range of financial transactions through websites. Over time, Europeans' confidence in this electronic payment system is growing. The e-banking market in Ukraine is just beginning. A segment of this market will gain popularity in the near future in Ukraine. At the same time, this market will be shared by existing banks that specialize in servicing retail customers. But so far, large retail banks are actively attracting new customers to Internet banking. It is possible that over time they will begin to actively abandon their bank branches, when the number of Internet banking users reaches a serious level and it will be possible to issue and accept most loans and deposits only through the Internet.


DFT quantum chemical calculations have been performed in order to optimize the geometric and electronic cage structure of poly(methylaluminoxane) (MAO) with oligomerization degree n = 9-15, and to find such structuros that fit most closely the existing experimental data on the MAO composition and structure. The following peculiarities of the MAO structure were found: i) In classic MAO (n = 9, 12, 15; Al:CH 3 :O = 1:1:1), which has a triple-layer cage structure, the inner layer contains highly reactive Al-O bonds. ii) The reaction between classic MAO and trimethylaluminium (TMA) proceeds by the concerted mechanism, with the insertion of Al-CH 3 groups into these Al-O bonds producing true MAO (Al:CH 3 :O = 1:1.5;0.75). The calculated geometric and electronic structures of true MAO with n = 6. 9, 12 are presented. iii) True MAO and classic MAO exist in equilibrum. The driving force for the formation of true MAO is the decrease in enthalpy, and of classic MAO the increase in entropy, in the equilibrium reaction between classic MAO and TMA.


We study nonlinear cosmological perturbations during post-inflationary evolution, using the equivalence between a perfect barotropic fluid and a derivatively coupled scalar field with Lagrangian . Since this Lagrangian is just a special case of k-inflation, this approach is analogous to the one employed in the study of non-Gaussianities from inflation. We use this method to derive the second-order metric during matter dominance in the comoving gauge directly as a function of the primordial inflationary perturbation ζ. Going to Poisson gauge, we recover the metric previously derived in the literature.


"THE WORLD TODAY is nothing if it is not sprawl," writes nature poet Mary Oliver. It was not until the nineteenth century that a minority of people glimpsed this eventuality, and it was only at the end of the twentieth and dawn of the twenty-first that the sprawl's scope became fully transparent.


Correctional practitioners have long argued that evaluators focus too heavily on recidivism measures and thus understate the value of their programs. The author asserts that the impact of community corrections programs can be more comprehensively evaluated when evaluation plans include measures that assess whether program goals, objectives, and overall mission were met. Therefore, the intent of this article is to offer a model for evaluating community corrections programs based on what they promised to do in their mission statements. Justification for the model, conceptual framework, and an example of how to use the model are discussed below.


This article discusses the phenomenon of the truth in this post-truth era which does not have a clear theoretical basis and prioritizes emotions and personal beliefs than the objective evidence. But the formation of truth is influentially shaping public opinion. As a result, people indifferently to the scientific truth or factual truth, including in matters of faith. The establish of the truth of faith in the post-truth era is being questioned. This article reveals the aspect of truth that appears in the media as the basis of belief (aqidah). We used the literature study method to determine the formation of truth in the post-truth era in the perspective of the philosophy of science. Specifically, this article will try to answer about how the impact of post-truth on creed scholarship, and how to reaffirm the truth in the post-truth era. The results of this study indicate that emotions and personal beliefs are the target points for alternative truth spreaders in the formation of post-truth. Post-truth can be used as a momentum to test the truth claims made by each religious group. An open truth test is important to do, so that the scientific faith can be an open text. The knowledge of faith will be placed in the context of today's society, so that it can blend with reality.


1. Introduction 2. Economic analysis and market definition 3. Collusion between undertakings: the prohibition 4. Collusion between undertakings: exemptions and exclusions 5. Vertical agreements 6. Intellectual property rights and competition law 7. Horizontal agreements I: from cartels to parallel behaviour 8. Horizontal agreements II: specialisation and research and development 9. Abuse of dominance 10. EC merger control 11. UK merger control 12. Market investigation references 13. Collective dominance 14. Enforcement, practice and procedure.


The fungicides against rice planthopper were selected. The results showed that 10% nitenpyram SL 90. 00 g /hm2,25% buprofezin WP 150. 00 g / hm2and 25% thiamethoxam WG 11. 25 g / hm2is available and have good persistence against rice planthopper,which can be formed as the rotation reagent and compound composition; 45% imidacloprid,buprofezin aphid ketone SC 168. 75 g / hm2,25% buprofezin, Isoprocarb WP 450. 00- 562. 50 g / hm2is available and has a good validity,which can be used in the production process.


Science is the power of improving the academic discipline in hospitals. Evaluation of research has always be the key issue for research management. Using stratification method to establish the evaluation system was constructed directly by high level research output and based on the process of scientific, which can conduct quantitative assessment for individual level. The contents included three parts: process indicators,basic achievement indicators and high level achievements indicators. The implementation effect was satisfied during last year. The evaluation system stimulates high level research output.

Key words:
Stratification; Research; Evaluation


Studies of chemical durability of a glass-reinforced plastic produced with the use of an epoxy binder with the curing agents Etal-45M, Etal-M7, Etal-23Kh under conditions of boiling in water and storage at 95 °С in 10% NaOH solution have been carried out. It was found out that glass-reinforced plastics with the binders Etal-45M and Etal-23Kh were the most stable to the influence of the aggressive environments.