Abstract : This study investigates the potential improvement in aircraft fleet health resulting from consolidating phase and cannibalization aircraft in the 388th Equipment Maintenance Squadron at Hill AFB, Utah. Never before have these programs been consolidated into one centrally managed facility. The focus of the study is to determine if the impact of consolidating F-16 phase and cannibalization aircraft on key maintenance indicators warrants program implementation Air Force wide. The key maintenance metrics of the 388th Fighter Wing's F-16 aircraft fleet prior to the start of the program are compared to the same metrics following program implementation. These metrics are then similarly compared to those of the other active duty F-16 fighter wings throughout Air Combat Command to assess measurable differences in performance. The secondary and tertiary benefits of implementation are also discussed to lend additional support to the program. The study identifies the critical factors leading to this program initiative, the benefits gained, and the sufficiency of the program in today's operational environment. This study promotes this program as an Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century initiative. The adoption of the program is recommended to improve the overall fleet health and operational readiness of the Air Force's aircraft inventory.


An experiment was conducted to compare the accuracy of participants' visual-spatial judgments of the aspect angle of a simulated ship floating on water when estimates were made either verbally or haptically. It was expected that a haptic response would reduce errors caused by verbal mediation or the translation from visual perception to verbal response. Results indicated that haptic responses were more accurate, but only when a simple stimulus was viewed. Implications for improving accuracy when reporting visual-spatial information and for interface design, as well areas for future research, are discussed.


With problem of urban parking becoming more and more serious, parking guidance has become a key point of breakthrough in modern intelligent transportation urgently. This paper describes Parking Guidance and Information System (PGIS) based on intelligent mobile phone terminal. First, the structure of PGIS is established. Secondly, the strategy of PGIS is described in detail. Thirdly, the key technology of PGIS is discussed. At last, the overall framework of mobile phone client preliminary is designed. Based on the optimized guidance strategy, the PGIS presented in this paper can overcome the limitations of traditional systems of information date distribution and provide the drivers with real-time parking guidance information.


A quantum hydrodynamic model is developed for axial symmetric anisotropic short-range interactions. The quantum stress tensor represents the interaction and is derived up to the third order by the interaction radius. The first order by the interaction radius contains the isotropic part only. This leads to interaction in the Gross–Pitaevskii approximation. Terms existing in the third order by the interaction radius are caused by the isotropic and nonisotropic parts of the interaction, and each of them introduces an interaction constant. Therefore, three interaction constants are involved in the model. Atoms, except for alkali and alkali-earth atoms, can have an anisotropic potential of interaction (this has particularly been demonstrated for the lanthanides). Short-wavelength instability caused by nonlocal terms appears in the Bogoliubov spectrum, and the conditions for stable and unstable behavior are described. Bright solitons in a repulsive Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) are studied under the influence of anisotropic short-range interaction in the BEC of one species. The area of existence of bright solitons corresponds to the area of instability of the Bogoliubov spectrum. Approximate reduction of nonlocal nonlinearity to quintic nonlinearity in the bright soliton regime is also demonstrated.


Wireless charging (WLC) systems towards electric vehicle (EV) growing popularity due to the EV rely on limited capacity batteries to drive and to power despite of large volume and inconvenience of charging methods. However, the misalignment of WLC EV can reduce the power transfer efficiency. To overcome the misalignment problem, the auto parking with precise position determination is needed. In this paper, we propose a EV position prediction method using sensor coils and extreme gradient boost algorithm. The proposed method shows the good performance compared with conventional position determination methods.


Objectives: (1) To measure the difference between the actual and observed volumes of fluids as measured by the commercially available drainage bags. (2) To find out reliability of fluid volume measurements as observed in commercially available drainage bags. Settings: Surgical Unit II, IIMCT Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi. Study design: Descriptive. Materials & methods: Commercially available drainage bags were used to observe the volume of fluid contained in it. The fluid (tap water) was introduced in the bag with a 50 cc syringe in 50 cc increments starting from 50 cc to 1050 cc. and the difference between observed volume and actual volumes were recorded. Data was analyzed with SPSS. Results: A total of twenty-one observations were made in 02 different commercially available urine bags. Major differences were found in the observed and measured volume with minimum difference of 50 -230 ml and maximum difference of 200-520ml. Conclusions: Significant differences were found between the actual volumes and the volumes observed by the marks on the drainage bags. It is noted that the observed value of the fluid volume contained in a drainage bag is highly unreliable and should not be used for clinical decision making.


In India, the emergence of liberalization and globalization in early 1990's aggravated the problem of women workers in unorganized sectors from bad to worse as most of the women who were engaged in various self employment activities have lost their livelihood. Despite in substantial contribution of women to both household and national economy, their work is considered just an extension of household domain and remains non-monetized. In India, Microfinance scene is dominated by Self Help Group (SHGs) as an effective mechanism for providing financial services to the "Unreached Poor", and also in strengthening their collective self help capacities leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in SHG formation has now turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country. Micro finance is necessary to overcome exploitation, create confidence for economic self reliance of the rural poor, particularly among rural women. Although no 'magic bullet', they are potentially a very significant contribution to gender equality and women's empowerment. Through their contribution to women's ability to earn an income, these programmes have potential to initiate a series of 'virtuous spirals' of economic empowerment, and wider social and political empowerment. The results from these self-help groups (SHGs) are promising and have become a focus of intense examination as it is proving to be an effective method of poverty reduction and economic empowerment. Mainly on the basis of secondary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of Microfinance and SHGs in the empowerment of women in India. * Assistant Prof., IMS, Ghaziabad. Email: email@example.com, ph: 09990110009 "ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA" Dr. Shuchi Loomba Assistant Prof., IMS, Ghaziabad Introduction Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. Women have been the most underprivileged and discriminated strata of the society not only in India but the world over. Inspite of all Government and Non-Governments' efforts, they have been highly ignorant clients of the financial sector. In the recent times, microfinance has been emerging as a powerful instrument for empowering women particularly, the rural women. Apart from the informal sector of finance the formal and semi formal sectors like commercial banks, NGOs etc. are taking much interest in providing microfinance to women considering it to be a profitable commercial activity. Women are also participating in the microfinance movement by availing the microfinance services being provided by the various financial channels. The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low-income clients, including consumers and the self employed, who traditionally lack access to banking and related services. Microcredit, or microfinance, is banking the unbankables, bringing credit, savings and other essential financial services within the reach of millions of people who are too poor to be served by regular banks, in most cases because they are unable to offer sufficient collateral. Women make up a large proportion of microfinance beneficiaries. Traditionally, women (especially those in underdeveloped countries) have been unable to readily participate in economic activity. Microfinance provides women with the financial backing they need to start business ventures and actively participate in the economy. It gives them confidence, improves their status and makes them more active in decision making, thus encouraging gender equality. According to CGAP, long-standing MFIs even report a decline in violence towards women since the inception of microfinance. The most of the microcredit institutions and agencies all over the world focuses on women in developing countries. Observations and experience shows that women are a small credit risk, repaying their loans and tend more often to benefit the whole family. In another aspect it ́s also viewed as a method giving the women more status in a socioeconomic way and changing the current conservative relationship between gender and class. A recent World Bank report confirms that societies that discriminate on the basis of gender pay the cost of greater poverty, slower economic growth, weaker governance, and a lower living standard for all people. At a macro level, it is because 70 percent of the world's poor are women. Women have a higher unemployment rate than men in virtually every country and make up the majority of the informal sector of most economies. They constitute the bulk of those who need microfinance services. Giving women access to microcredit loans therefore generates a multiplier effect that increases the impact of a microfinance institution's activities, benefiting multiple generations. Concept of Empowerment What do we mean by empowerment? Nobel Laureate Amartaya Sen (1993) explains that the freedom to lead different types of life is reflected in the person's capability set. The capability of a person depends on a variety of factors, including personal characteristics and social arrangements. However, the full accounting of individual freedom goes beyond the capabilities of personal living. For example, if we do not have the courage to choose to live in a particular way, even though we could live that way if we so chose, can it be said that we do have the freedom to live that way, i.e. the corresponding capability? Another important point made by Sen (1990) is that for measurement purposes one should focus on certain universally-valued functioning, which relate to the basic fundamentals of survival and well-being regardless of context. Taking the example of universally valued functioning like proper nourishment, good health and shelter, Sen asserts that if there are systematic gender differences in these very basic functioning achievements, they can be taken as an evidence of inequalities in underlying capabilities rather than differences in preferences. Empowerment can range from personal empowerment that can exist within the existing social order. Thus this kind of empowerment would correspond to the right to make one's own choices, to increased autonomy and to control over economic resources. Empowerment signifies increased participation in decision-making and it is this process through which people feel themselves to be capable of making decisions and the right to do so (Kabeer, 2001). Malhotra et. al (2002) constructed a list of the most commonly used dimensions of women's empowerment, drawing from the frameworks developed by various authors in different fields of social sciences. Allowing for overlap, these frameworks suggest that women's empowerment needs to occur along multiple dimensions including: economic, socio-cultural, familial/interpersonal, legal, political, and psychological. Since these dimensions cover a broad range of factors, women may be empowered within one of these sub-domains. They give the example of "socio-cultural" dimension which covers a range of empowerment sub-domains, from marriage systems to norms regarding women's physical mobility, to nonfamilial social support systems and networks available to women. The World Bank defines empowerment as "the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. Microfinance and Women Empowerment Micro-finance programmes not only give women and men access to savings and credit, but reach millions of people worldwide bringing them together regularly in organised groups. Although no 'magic bullet', they are potentially a very significant contribution to gender equality and women's empowerment, as well as pro-poor development and civil society strengthening. Through their contribution to women's ability to earn an income these programmes have potential to initiate a series of 'virtuous spirals' of economic empowerment, increased well-being for women and their families and wider social and political empowerment. Micro finance services and groups involving men also have potential to question and significantly change men's attitudes and behaviours as an essential component of achieving gender equality. Majority of microfinance programmes focus women with a view to empower them. There are varying underlying motivations for pursuing women empowerment. Some argue that women are amongst the poorest and the most vulnerable of the underprivileged and thus helping them should be a priority. A more feminist point of view stresses that an increased access to financial services represent an opening/opportunity for greater empowerment. Such organizations explicitly perceive microfinance as a tool in the fight for the women's rights and independence. Finally, keeping up with the objective of financial viability, an increasing number of microfinance institutions prefer women members as they believe that they are better and more reliable borrowers. Self-help groups intermediated by microcredit have been shown to have positive effects on women, with some of these impacts being ripple effects. They have played valuable roles in reducing the vulnerability of the poor, through asset creation, income and consumption smoothing, provision of emergency assistance, and empowering and emboldening women by giving them control over assets and increased self-esteem and knowledge (Zaman 2001). Several recent assessment studies have also generally reported positive impacts (Simanowitz and Walker 2002).


A distribution network always has such characteristics as running under the complicated circumstances,low standardization degree and existence of many operating modes.This paper analyzes the origin of various bad load data in supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) of a distribution network,including wrong data,failure data,line reconstruction and shift current.Based on these discussions,a bad data distinguishing and processing method,which is suitable for different sources of bad data,is proposed.This method is used in an actual distribution network evaluation system,as well as a medium-voltage distribution network data analysis system.The results show the practicability of the proposed method.


The second is less obvious, rarely apparent to the public, and is the understandable quantum shift in public perception of the risk in question, immediately following an incident, and the increased aversion to that particular risk as opposed to any other. The result is a tendency to classify the recently demonstrated risk as the least acceptable of all risks and to call for what are often (although not always) disproportionate resources to avert a future occurrence.


In a context of rapid global change, one of the key components for the survival of species is their genetic evolutionary potential for adaptation. Many methods have been developed to identify genetic variants underpinning adaptation to climate, but few tools were made available to integrate this knowledge into conservation management. We present here the SPatial Areas of Genotype probability (SPAG), a method to transpose the results of genotype–environment association studies into an evolutionary potential spatial prediction framework. We define a univariate model predicting the spatial distribution of a single‐locus adaptive genotype and three multivariate models allowing the integration of several adaptive loci in a composite genotype. Unlike existing methods, SPAGs provide (a) a flexible approach to combine loci under different types of intergenic relationships and (b) a cross‐validation framework to assess the pertinence of evolutionary potential predictions. SPAGs can be integrated with climate change projections to forecast the future spatial distribution of genotypes. The analysis of the mismatch between current and future SPAGs ("genomic offset") makes it possible to identify vulnerable populations potentially lacking the adaptive genotypes necessary for future survival. We tested the SPAG approach on a simulated population and applied it to characterize the evolutionary potential of 161 Moroccan goats to bioclimatic conditions. We identified seven regions of the Moroccan goat genome strongly associated with the precipitation seasonality and used the SPAG approach to predict the evolutionary potential. We then forecasted the shift in SPAGs under a strong climate change scenario and uncovered the goat populations likely to be threatened in future conditions. The SPAG methodology is an efficient and flexible tool to characterize the evolutionary potential across a landscape and to transpose evolutionary information into conservation frameworks.


Advent of information technology (IT) has provided more competitiveness in business operation. Construction industry is also gearing up towards the more usage of information technology driven platform. Cost is the main factor for construction industry. Construction Industry Development Council of India (CIDC) has estimated that approx. 40-50% cost belongs to material in total building project. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the material purchasing in construction activities. E procurement has emerged as panacea to address most of the problemscost saving, time saving and best quality, minimization of malpractices associates with purchasing. We have reviewed 103 research papers from various countries and collated the adoption practices of e procurement. Interestingly TOE and TAM model has used by many of researchers.


A program that computes molecular superpositions is presented. A possible large molecule (target = haystack) is scanned for the occurrence of a given molecular motif (model = needle) within tolerances. The advance over other methods is that it can handle very large atom sets, e.g. targets of up to 100000 atoms, and does not necessarily require any chemical information and connectivity between atoms: chemical constraints to restrict the solution space are not used to relate non-obvious superpositions based on a geometric fit. The specialization to a needle-in-a-haystack problem allows a very fast algorithm. Trade-offs between run time and tolerance levels are possible. The program is fast enough to screen large databases in an acceptable time. An executable for Linux on Pentium-compatible machines is available free of charge at http://www.charite.de/bioinf/haystack. It is a command-line executable well suited for scripts and distributed computing. A Web interface for immediate testing is also available at this address.


The title compound, C15H12F3NO, crystallizes with a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. The phenol ring makes a dihedral angle of 44.77 (3)° with the benzene ring of the trifluoromethyl group. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O interactions, forming polymeric chain along the b-axis direction.


Imagine a 1D curve, then use it to fill a 2D manifold that covers an arbitrary 3D object – this computationally intensive materials challenge has been realized in the ancient technology known as knitting. This process for making functional materials 2D materials from 1D portable cloth dates back to prehistory, with the oldest known examples dating from the 11th century BCE. Knitted textiles are ubiquitous as they are easy and cheap to create, lightweight, portable, flexible and stretchy. As with many functional materials, the key to knitting's extraordinary properties lies in its microstructure.


The intersubjective psychoanalytic approach offers a unique model of supervision for encouraging exploration of the mutual influences between supervisors and supervisees. The model also recommends a negotiation of the meaning of relational issues and mutual responses of supervisee and supervisor, which arise in the course of supervision. In the present article, it is argued that relational psychoanalytic supervision principles are highly suitable for clinical work with severely mentally ill patients. Intersubjective supervision may empower supervisees and develop their potential for negotiating the power structure in therapeutic dyads with chronic patients. It also encourages the exploration of individual patients' selfhood, as expressed in their ambitions and therapeutic agenda to achieve a self-determined recovery.


The article discusses issues related to the distinctive features of neologisms, occasionalisms and author words on the example of the poetic heritage of the world famous writer E.M. Remarque.


Induction is a powerful method that can be used to prove the total correctness of program loops. Unfortunately the induction proving process in an interactive theorem prover is often very cumbersome. In particular it can be dicult to nd the right induction formula. We describe a method for generalising induction formulae by analysing a symbolic proof attempt in a semi-interactive rst-order theorem prover. Based on the proof attempt we introduce universally quantied variables, meta-variables and sets of constraints on these. The constraints describe the conditions for a successful proof. By the help of examples, we outline some classes of problems and their associated constraint solutions, and possible ways to automate the constraint solving.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of context and perceived stress on the use of Cisco's Smart Call Home web application. Smart Call Home is a network diagnostic system based on a combination of agents embedded within the network and post-processing of messages on the Cisco.com backend. The main contribution of this work is the identification of relevant stressors and contributing factors specific to the respective contexts of use as well as recommendations for supporting context aspects as well as for reinforcing positive and mitigating negative effects.

Mainly qualitative, User Centered Design (UCD) methodology such as a HCI Expert Review, Contextual Inquiry or Prototyping, is utilized in this study. While UCD and project management methodology is based on well known approaches, taking into account stress related aspects requires a modified and improvised adaptation of methods. The application of each method is explained in detail, showing the relevance, the exact implementation and the outcome.

The work items and artifacts of the applied methods cover the principal components of human-machine interaction – user, context, system and task, a model defined by Shackel and Richardson. Four archetypal users are revealed, which mainly differ in job roles, skills and workplace. In this regard also four distinct contexts result from the analysis, mainly varying in working conditions, tools available and the ambience. Perceived stress as well as contributing stressors are identified and categorized. Potential Smart Call Home users mention distractions from other team colleagues, too much irrelevant data or not enough detail as some of the main contributing factors. The majority of stressors are common between users. Smart Call Home is analyzed and compared against usability heuristics and against findings from requirements engineering and interaction design artifacts. Possible advancements to Smart Call Home are identified in all areas defined by Theo Mandel: structure, presentation and behavior.

The authors therefore recommend to adjust and augment the current Smart Call Home web application to address specific characteristics of the contexts, to mitigate the effects of stress and possibly also to increase the focus on wants and needs of the archetypal users. The user's information retrieval can be simplified by providing overall search functionality and a consolidated overview of key information. Offering mobile use of Smart Call Home does justice to the varying workplace characteristics. Even small additions such as breadcrumb navigation can increase the user's confidence and efficiency. Thinking of the improved user experience and satisfaction motivates and inspires to enhance Smart Call Home, based on the findings and recommendations.


Never before has the subject of water been in the print and electronic media to the extent that it is now. In the past, the subject of water was only on the fore during extreme climatic events such as droughts and floods. Ordinary South African citizens now regularly speak about pollution, water quality, operation and maintenance, water demand management and water availability.


This case examines technological entrepreneurship and human capital in a remote village in southeast India. Sethu Sethunarayanan, director of the nongovernment organization (NGO) Center for Development of Disadvantaged People (CDDP), uses technology to improve the lives of impoverished people, focusing in particular on the indigenous Irula tribe. The Irulas' rat catching activities constitute a primary source of income and food. However, the Irulas are often unsuccessful in catching rats and suffer many health problems from mouth–blowing a clay pot filled with smoke. Sethu developed a "better rat trap," improving success rates and income and eliminating health hazards. In parallel, CDDP established a factory and self–help, micro–credit collectives to enable other villagers to improve their socioeconomic condition. The case chronicles the project's development, including opportunity recognition, and new technology development and implementation. An overview of the skills and experience of Sethu and the CDDP team, and the national, local, and community context is also provided.


Abstract Cucumis melo L. and Cucumis prophetarum Linn. are monoecious climber, commonly growing weed, belonging to family cucurbitaceae. Whole plant of C. melo and C. prophetarum is medicinally important. Plant pacifies vitiated dysentery, diarrhoeic diseases, flatulene, skin diseases, antivenin and general debility. Dispending medicinally uses, our study have been found that this weeds has mosquito repellent activities. To determine repellant activities petroleum ether fruit extract of C. melo and C. prophetarum was used against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The Larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure and highest larval mortality was found in petroleum ether fruit extract of C. melo as compare to C. prophetarum. Keywords: Cucumis melo, cucumis prophetarum, petroleum ether extracts, culex quinquefasciatus, larvicides


The invention provides a device (1) for securing an igniter (72) for a warhead (70) comprising a locking pin (4), a rotor (6), a first switch (8), a second switch (10), and an electronic unit (12), wherein the rotor (6) mounted with respect to an axis of rotation and in a secured rotational position (16) against a vorentsicherte rotational position (36) is biased, said first switch (8) and the second switch (10 ) each comprise at least one signal connection (32) to the electronic unit, and (in each case in an open switch position 26, 34) against a closed switching position (38, 50) are biased, with the securing pin (4) is adapted, in a secured state of the device to keep the first switch (8) in the open switch position (26) and to lock the rotor (6) in the secured rotational position (16) (1), wherein the rotor (6) in the secured rotational position (16) the second switch (1 0) (in the open circuit position 34) stops, and wherein the locking pin (4) is further adapted to unlock the rotor (6) after the removal, and the first switch (8) to release to close, wherein by closing the first switch (8) a start signal of the electronic unit (12) is released and wherein in a vorentsicherten state of the device (1) of the rotor (6) in the vorentsicherten rotational position (36) enables the second switch (10) for closing, wherein the by closing second switch (10) arming signal of the electronic unit (12) is released.


Based on the existing UHPC material parameters, masonry parameters and the application of reinforcement projects on the market, ABAQUS's unique concrete plastic damage (CDP) constitutive model can be used for concrete and other brittle materials. The constitutive parameters are obtained by curve fitting experiments by other scholars, and this paper has carried out appropriate calibrations. Numerical analysis is the pseudo-static loading form of UHPC reinforced low-strength masonry walls. Through the analysis and simulation of the hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, equivalent plastic strain Moire diagram, peak stress, strain and other parameters, the changes in shear resistance before and after UHPC reinforced masonry walls are evaluated.


Background: Due to the high expenditure and the harmfulness of ion radiation of tradition computed tomography (CT) in endoleak diagnosis with patients after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), the alternative diagnostic methods with lower cost and more safety were being investigated. Although ultrasound (US) imaging had great prospect, its clinical sensitivity and specificity remained uncertain. Methods: All the relative publications were searched through PubMed and Embase, irrespective of the language restriction. And studies, that compared one or more US with CT in diagnosis of endoleak among patients after EVAR, were included. The data of true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative in each study were extracted, based on which, the sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were figured out as outcome. Then a meta-analysis was performed, in view of the significant heterogeneity among different types of US, we also performed the subgroup analysis of color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), power color-Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Besides, the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was plotted and its area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, which was convenient for latter comparison. Results: Based on results of meta-analysis, CEUS seemed the optimal choice with the largest AUC of 0.936, and its sensitivity was 0.889 with 95% CI from 0.813 to 0.936. And the secondary was CDUS, AUC of which was 0.822, but had the best performance in specificity of 0.887 with 95% CI from 0.826 to 0.929. No overlap in 95% CI of sensitivity indicated the significant difference between CDUS and CEUS, while there was less discrepancy in specificity. In terms of PDUS, it was insufficient in both items with AUC of 0.803. Besides, CEUS had higher positive ratio in general, when compared with CTA. Conclusion: CEUS with good comprehensive performance in sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing endoleak was recommended to be an alternate of CT. Because of the good performance, especially in specificity, CDUS also can be popularized as a primary or assisted diagnosis. The efficacy of PDUS remained uncertain. And more high-quality studies should be conducted for further research to reach a more powerful conclusion, so the present clinical diagnosis selection needed to take an adequate consideration of patients' situation.


How does a theatrical tradition emerge in the fields of dramatic writing and artistic performance? Can a culture, in which theatre played no part in the past, create a theatrical tradition in real time—and how? What was the contribution of classical Greek drama to the evolution of Israeli theatre? How do political and social conditions affect the encounter between cultures—and what role do they play in creating a theatre with a distinctive identity? This book, the first of its kind, attempts to answer these and other questions, by examining the reception of classical Greek drama in the Israeli theatre over the last seventy years. It deals with dramatic and aesthetic issues while analysing translations, adaptations, new writing, mise-en-scène, and 'post dramatic' performances of classical Greek drama that were created and staged at key points of the development of Israeli culture amidst fateful political, social, and cultural events in the country's history.


A silicon microchannel plate (Si MCP) is of large interest for electron multiplication. Conventional fabrication processes utilize an etching process on the front side and wafer thinning on the backside. In this note, a process based on electrochemical etching, developed to generate a gap between the device layer and the substrate, is presented. A sample containing a microchannel through-hole structure can be directly obtained with a laser cut by scanning the laser beam on the surface without cutting through the wafer. An oxidation step is used to increase the MCP's electrical resistance. After dry oxidation at 900 °C, structure distortion is observed in the free-standing sample. Thus, oxidizing before cutting the microchannel plate from the substrate is recommended.


This paper uses the county-level panel data of Hubei province from 2012 to 2016 to calculate the agglomeration degree of agricultural products processing industry in Hubei province, and empirically studies the impact of agricultural product processing industry agglomeration on county economic development. The conclusions of this paper indicate that the agglomeration of agricultural products processing industry in Hubei province is more obvious, but there are large differences in different regions. On the whole, the agglomeration of agricultural products processing industry has a significant impact on county economic growth, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship of first rising and then falling. Keywords—agricultural product processing industry; industrial agglomeration; economic growth; county economy


The invention relates to a waste oil collection device for technological lubrication of emulsion in metallurgical cold rolling straight carbon steel plate, and is characterized in that the suction inlet of a small centrifugal pump is installed on a suite of floating ball device that is installed in an emulsion pool, the outlet end of the small centrifugal pump enters the waste oil collection device, one end of an oil inlet pipe is connected between the suction device of the floating ball device and the small centrifugal pump, the other end of the oil inlet pipe is connected with an oil outlet pipe, and the oil outlet pipe is connected between the outlet of the small centrifugal pump and the waste oil collection device. The waste oil collection device has simple, compact and reasonable structure, which can clear waste oil floating in the emulsion in time; the ability of processing waste oil is greatly improved so that the waste oil collection device generally can suck waste oil caused by a rolling mill by just turning on 1 to 2 hours one day; the operation is simple, the production cost is very low, and the result of use is good.


The main types of flame retardant agents(inorganic and organic flame retardant agents,such as halogen flame retardant,organic phosphorus-based flame retardant),mechanism(heat-absorbing function,cov-ering,restraining chain reaction,diluting effect of gas,condensed phase flame retardancy) and technology of flame retardant finish(nano-flame retardancy,microcapsulation of flame retardancy,super refine,surface modi-fication,smoke abatement,crosslinking and macromolecule technology etc.) were discussed.The testing meth-ods of evaluating flame retardant effect(combustion experiment method,limited oxygen index method,smoke test,flash point and self-ignition point measurement,thermal analysis of flame retardant finish etc.) were simply introduced.It was pointed out that the direction of flame retardant textiles was to develop high efficiency,low toxicity,low smoke,more cost-effective and multi-functional textiles.


Objective To evaluate efficacy of enhanced CT scan and angiography in displaying supplying vessels in pulmonary sequestration. Methods 18 patients that had been proven pulmonary sequestration by operation and pathology were retrospec- tively reviewed with their imaging findings. All 18 patients underwent plain and en- hanced CT scan and angiography (SPCT method), principally using maximum intensity projection (MIP). Results 14 patients displayed intralobar sequestration, and 4 extralobar sequestration. 12 patients had lesions in left lower lung and 6 in right lower lung. Plain CT scan found that 11 patients had soft-tissue mass behind descending or in right lower lung, and 7 had cyst-like lesions. Emphysema was seen around the pulmo- nary sequestration. Enhanced CT scan displayed supplying vessels in 13 cases, and angiography presented 16 cases who had abnormal supplying vessels, among which 10 were from thoracic aorta, 3 from abdominal aorta, 1 from coronary artery and 2 from intercostal arteries, the same as that was seen during operation. Conclusion Enhanced CT scan and angiography (SCTA) can well display abnormal supplying vessels for pulmonary sequestration, contributing to planning surgical resolutions.


Background: We studied α-B-crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein upregulated by various "stresses", as an immunocytochemical tissue marker of epileptic foci. Methods: We examined 45 resected brain tissues of epileptic patients, 16 months to 23 years. Postmortem brains of 2 epileptic children and 20 normal fetuses and neonates of 10-41 weeks gestation similarly were studied. Immunocytochemical demonstration of α-B-crystallin was supplemented by neuronal, glial and inflammatory cell markers and electron microscopy (EM) in surgical cases. Autopsy brain tissue of children without epilepsy or neurological disease served as controls. Results: In all resections, α-B-crystallin was overexpressed in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, including satellite cells adherent to neurons, and occasionally in neurons of neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In six cases, reactivity was most intense at or near the epileptic focus, with a diminishing gradient of intensity for 2-3 cm; similar focal expression was seen in autopsy cases. Presence or absence of histological structural lesions was independent of α-B-crystallin expression. Balloon cells and giant atypical cells in tuberous sclerosis were intensely reactive. Reactivity was present in DNETs. No correlation occurred with microglial activation, inflammation or gliosis; no ultrastructural alterations were seen. No expression was seen in fetal brains at any age. Conclusions: Immunoreactive α-B-crystallin is a reliable tissue marker of epileptic foci, regardless of presence or absence of structural lesions; at times it maps the extent of a focus.


The present invention relates to an aqueous anticorrosive and decorative method for preparing fluorocarbon, fluorocarbon which comprises the following parts by weight of component content: the water dispersible fluorocarbon resin 35 to 60, water 5 to 20, 3 to 35 pigments, co 0-5 agent, crosslinking agent, 8 to 15. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has good corrosion resistance, film appearance smooth, rich and full color, good gloss and color retention properties, excellent self-cleaning property advantages.


Resumen en: People with intellectual disability (PID) (0.7-1.5% of the population) have higher rates of obesity, since caloric values and nutritional status are defi...


Establishment of immortalized cell line was one of the hot and difficult subjects in cell biology.Telomeres at chromosome ends in eukaryotes stable the chromosome.Telomerase,an RNA-protein complex,adds multiple telomeric repeats to its 3-prime end by using RNA component as template.Thus ectopic expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) and subsequent activation of telomerase can allow normal eukaryotes to over-come senescence and crisis,and become immortal.An overview of the advance in the telomere,applications of telomerase in the cell immortalization,applications of telomerase in the cell line as well as question and prospect was given,in order to give reference to the researcher.


Clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis are the most commonly used pathways for the internalization of cell membrane receptors. However, due to their dimensions are within the diffraction limit, traditional fluorescence microscopy cannot distinguish them and little is known about their interactions underneath cell membrane. In this study, we proposed the line-switching scanning imaging mode for dual-color triplet-state relaxation (T-Rex) stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy. With this line-switching mode, the cross-talk between the two channels, the side effects from pulse picker and image drift in frame scanning mode can be effectively eliminated. The dual-color super-resolution imaging results in mixed fluorescent beads validated the excellent performance. With this super-resolution microscope, not only the ring-shaped structure of clathrin and caveolae endocytic vesicles, but also their semi-fused structures underneath the cell membrane were distinguished clearly. The resultant information will greatly facilitate the study of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated receptor endocytosis and signaling process and also our home-built dual-color T-Rex STED microscope with this line-switching imaging mode provides a precise and convenient way to study subcellular-scale protein interactions.


The combination of the 850nm VCSEL as optical source and of the Standard Single Mode Fiber as optical channel realizes an attractive solution for the distribution of the wireless signal through the Radio over Fiber technique. Potential causes of impairment which are however present in this solution are analyzed, and some conditions to be respected in view of the application of these systems in various scenarios are then identified.


Two influence functions of a unit transverse point force are obtained for a thin circular Poisson Kirchhoff plate. One of these functions is constructed for a plate whose edge is elastically clamped in such a way that the edge's slope is zero, while the shear force on the edge is directly proportional to the deflection function. The other influence function is obtained for a plate that is elastically supported, with the deflection being zero and the radial bending moment being directly proportional to the slope on the plate's edge. The plates of a uniform thickness are built of an elastic isotropic homogeneous material. The extended version of the classical method of eigenfunction expansion is used. The singular components of the influence functions are explicitly split off, while their regular components are obtained in the form containing uniformly convergent trigonometric series.


Rainforest Rescue's grant will go towards assisting to save the last viable habitat of the Sumatran Orangutan through the protection of the World Heritage listed tropical rainforests of the Gunung Leuser National park from deforestation and the expansion of illegal oil palm plantations. The GLNP also provides vital habitat for critically endangered species including the Sumatran Tiger, rhinoceros and elephant. 60 hectares of illegally planted oil palms will be removed from the park and replaced with 60,000 rainforest trees. The project will provide employment for the economically disadvantaged local


Domestic currency emerging market bonds form an indirect way of trading currency and credit risk. It is true that unlike eurobonds or Bradys, domestic currency emerging market bonds have no default risk in a classical sense. These bonds are issued by local governments and can be paid one way or another by newly issued currency, if need be. Instead, they carry a significant "devaluation risk". In this paper we discuss the environment that supports such bonds, introduce the main parameters and risks, and compare some ways of modelling and pricing these instruments. The paper illustrates that a non-parametric interest rate modelling will be more appropriate for pricing local currency emerging markets bonds.


The paper analyzed the impact of taxation on economic development in Nigeria as it concerns value-added tax (VAT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT). For the purpose of this study, the major source of data was a secondary source. Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Services. The data collected were analyzed with Ordinary Least Square Multiple Linear Regressions since there were more than two variables. The analysis revealed that all the independent variables (VAT, CIT and PPT) used in this study have a significant positive relationship on the dependent variable (GDP), which is used to measure economic development while value-added tax, company income tax, and petroleum profit tax were used to measure taxation. It was therefore recommended that the government should extend its database to capture all tax revenue by employing practically and technically oriented professionals. Results also imply it is recommended for the government to foster a favorable environment for young entrepreneurs to initiate and grow businesses that will lead to an increase in tax revenue for the government. It was also recommended that social science, which is the umbrella that covers management sciences, should be employed to manage businesses so as to ensure the survival of businesses and boast the nation's revenue through tax, as it concerns training having an impact on resources utilization and allocation, thus promoting profit maximization.


The article summarizes the approaches to assessing the effectiveness of integration presented in the economic literature and tested in world practice, argues the feasibility of creating integrated structures, highlights the main conceptual approaches to qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of integration of economic entities, namely: approaches based on the environment; transaction cost theory; assessment of the achievement of competitive advantages; assessing the benefits of long-term business relationships; theories of financial management; assessment of the interaction of shareholders and managers. In order to ensure the efficient functioning of the food industry, prevent further decline of all its industries and to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products in domestic and foreign markets, it is necessary to move to an innovative type of development and diversify the products of the food industry. In modern conditions, diversification acquires a slightly deeper meaning and can be defined as a variety of activities of the enterprise in the production, financial and marketing spheres. The strategy of diversification of agricultural enterprises, which consists of expanded specialization and activities, vertical integration, renewal of ties and new initiatives, in the crisis can ensure stable business results. It is believed that diversification provides: resource competitive advantages (advantages that increase the consumer effect associated with price characteristics), technological competitive advantages (advantages that are due to the availability and operation of mass production technologies), innovative competitive advantages (advantages that allow to provide updating of the nomenclature and range), partnership competitive advantages (advantages which are connected with formation of social, economic standards of economic activity and their realization. Therefore it is extremely necessary to focus on research of methodical provisions by means of which it is possible to analyze diversification measures at the enterprises).


Objective To study the predictive value of QT interval dynamicity for arrhythmic event in patient with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with AMI(AMI group) were enrolled in this study.Investigations included history collection,clinical examination,echocardiography,electrocardiogram and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram.Following indexes were determined: left ventricle end diastolic dimension(LVEDD),left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF),QT dispersion(QTd),SDNN,the slope of QT/RR plots of the linear regression,ventricular premature beats(VPB) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(NSVT).Primary end point for patients with AMI was arrhythmic events including ventricular tachycardia(VT),ventricular fibrillation(VF) and cardiac death.Results There were statistically significant differences in LVEDD,LVEF,QTd,SDNN,VPB/24h,NSVT/24h,QTe/RR slope and QTp/RR slope between arrhythmic events group and non-arrhythmic events group.Conclusions QT/RR slope is a risk factor for arrhythmic events of AMI patients,and moreover,it is a useful predictor for cardiovascular event in AMI patients either independently or combined with NSVT or LVEF.


The skepticism of modern medicine toward the placebo effect has kept a study proving its validity hidden in the shadows of medical research instead of giving it the attention it deserves.


316 austenitic stainless steel powder metallurgy sintered body was fabricated by vacuum sintering method,and the influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied.The tensile fracture surface morphology was analyzed.The results show that the grains coarsened gradually,pores reduced and size decreased,the relative density,tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the sintered body increased obviously with the increase of sintering temperature,while increased unobviously when the temperature reached 1 340 ℃ and even decreased slowly.The optimal sintering temperature was 1 340 ℃,the density and tensile strength of the sintered bady could reach 7.86 g·cm-3 and 754 MPa,respectively.


Compared with NPC converters, Active NPC (ANPC) converters improve the loss distribution among semiconductor devices and thus increase the converter output power rating and switching frequency. However, since more switches with their gate drivers are used in ANPC converters, the impact on the converter reliability is one of the main concerns for drives application. In this paper, the analysis on fault tolerant operation of 3L-ANPC converters under single and multiple device failure conditions is presented. Furthermore, the methodology for reliability function calculation and the reliability comparison of 3L-ANPC and 3L-NPC converters are investigated for drives application. Finally, the results and conclusions are presented.


This study was carried out to determine how availability and accessibility could bring about sustainable development in perceived academic performance of polytechnics' students using Ibadan Polytechnic as a case study. Survey design was used with structured questionnaire and observation as instruments for data collection. The questionnaire was administered with the aid of a research assistant. From the findings, it was revealed that textbooks and dictionaries were readily available in the library while electronic books and journals were not accessible. The study also revealed lack of enough electronic resources, lack of enough computers to access Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) and power failure as some of the challenges to availability and accessibility of library resources. Some recommendations were made based on the findings.


Experimental data relating to the destruction of B. abortus (2308) in milk by heat are presented. It was observed that B. abortus (2308) was killed in 23 minutes at 142.7°F. and in 14 seconds at 16...


Ti-6Al-4V is widely applied in frontier for its excellent properties such as a high strength-weight ratio, great heat stability and exceptional corrosion resistance. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is suitable for machining titanium alloys, because it is the technical that removal materials by discharge energy and non-contact in processing progress. The recast layer is formed by the solidification of molten metal on the machined surface during the EDM process. In the present investigation, a hybrid approach using Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) and response surface methodology (RSM) for predication the recast layer thickness is proposed. Experimental plan is performed by response surface method with 20 experimental runs. The different machining parameters of pulse current, pulse on-time, and pulse off-time are selected as input factors. The white layer thickness (WLT) is response variable. The LSSVM method is applied to construct the predication model based on the orthogonal experiment swatches. The randomly 15 experimental runs were utilized to train the LS-SVM model to predict the WLT. Finally, support vector machine is used to compare with the proposed method. The proposed model can be good performance in prediction of white layer thickness of the complex EDM process.


The objectives of this research are to study the results of implementation on the new public management concept in Thailand and to discover the developmental approaches for the public organizations. The research questions are whether the new public management concept by establishing the public organizations of Thailand is successful or not and whether the public organizations are different from the government agencies or not. The study is divided into the policy level of public organization overview and the practical level consisting of 2 public organizations. The data collection for both levels is from the in-depth interview on the experts of public organizations and the executives of public organizations. The study is supported with the documents to be studied with participant observation for obtaining the data to be analyzed and processed. The research results can be concluded that the implementation of new public management concept in Thailand is unsuccessful and the public organizations are not different from the government agencies are caused by the problem of implementing this concept seriously at both policy and practical levels. Therefore, in order to developing the public organizations, the researcher have some research recommendations including stipulating specific laws to be enforced with the public organizations and other agencies to be seriously implemented, structurally reforming the ministries, improving the Public Organization Act, decentralizing to the agency level, changing the administrative pattern, and creating the knowledge and understanding on the new public management to the society. The recommendations at the agency level include developing the organizations to be of high efficiency and adjusting the culture and attitudes of personnel for the public organizations to be operated effectively.


In the ELTs the weight of the mirror-systems is very important. In fact, the dimensioning both of the support structure and the auxiliary components, such as bearings and drives, depend on it. The mirrors require very stiff structures able to react quickly to dynamic and static stresses. Lightness and stiffness are therefore decisive elements to have a constant and excellent control of the mirror itself. An ultra-light and ultra-stiff panel, directly coupled to the mirror through actuators, allows to reduce to the minimum the quantity of material for the mirror and thus reducing also the weight, always guaranteeing the stiffness requirements. Therefore, this panel becomes an element constituting the mirror itself and it is also charged with the task of connection with the main structure of the cell. A chance for guaranteeing this weight-stiffness ratio is given by the use of the carbon fibre. Particularly, the use of high modulus fibre (pitch fibre) allows to obtain ultra-light mirror support structures with a 60% saving of weight compared to an equivalent steel structure. The in-depth study of the materials used (resin system, Carbon fibre type, adhesives, inserts) and the construction process, the number and the repeatability of the pieces, the experience acquired during the design and construction phases of the ALMA Prototype (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) allow to guarantee a proper control of the quality of the product with accessible and convenient costs considering also that the use of these materials allows to have lighter structures with lower operational costs and the maintenance of the materials in the years requires a lower use of resources.


We present the results of a search for pulsed very-high-ener gy (VHE) γ-ray emission from young pulsars using data taken with the H.E.S.S. imaging atm ospheric Cherenkov telescope system. Data on eleven pulsars, selected according to their spin-down lu minosity relative to distance, are searched for γ-ray signals with periodicity at the respective pulsar spin eriod. Special analysis efforts were made to improve the sensitivity in the 100 GeV γ-ray energy domain in an attempt to reduce the gap between satellite and ground-based γ-ray instruments. No significant evidence for pulsed emissi on is found in any data set. Differential upper limits on pulsed energy flux are determined for all selected pulsars in the approximateγ-ray energy range between 100 GeV and 50 TeV, using different limit determination methods, testing a wide range of possible pulsar light curve s and energy spectra. The limits derived here imply that the magnetospheric VHE γ-ray production efficiency in young pulsars is less than 10 of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, requiring spectral tur novers for the high-energy emission of four establishedγ-ray pulsars, and constrain the inverse Compton radiation c omponent predicted by several outer gap models.


Abstract For the Hammerstein and Wiener systems the paper gives i) the strongly consistent estimates for the coefficients contained in the linear subsystem; ii) the strongly consistent estimate for f ( u )atany u ; iii) the optimal adaptive regulation control. No assumption is made on the structure of f (·). The estimates and adaptive control are given by the stochastic approximation algorithms with expanding truncations.


Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) during 3-11 months are studied. Morbidity of IC depends on expression of CRFs such as level of blood pressure and heart rate, intensity and length of smoking, concentration of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and ADP-aggregation of thrombocytes, hyperglycemia and morbidity of diabetes mellitus. Progression of leg ischemia in patients with IC and CHD is leaded to worsening of arterial hypertension, and detected the trend of decreasing functional class of angina pectoris and chronic heart failure.


Abstract Although modular linear flux-reversal permanent magnet motors are widely attractive for high reliability urban rail transit because of their advantages such as high power density, high reliability, low permanent magnet flux leakage problem, and improved fault-tolerant capability, they suffer from high thrust ripples. In this article the authors use a layer model for defining different optimization problems to improve thrust density, efficiency, and thrust ripples, independently and simultaneously. Design variables are chosen based on the sensitivity analysis of different objective functions relative to motor different geometrical parameters and some constraints are taken into account to avoid undesirable results. Then the proposed analytical model and optimization process are verified by time-stepping finite-element method.


By sorting out the data concerning the development of adult education offered by Dongguan Educational Bureau and our university,and visiting other universities and organizations with adult education in Dongguan,the researchers have found out the current status of the development of adult education during the period of the 11th Five-year Programme in Dongguan.They summerized the experience and achievement in this field,analyzed the existing problems,and then made some predictions of the developmental trend of adult education during this period,and advised some measures for the development of adult education in our university.


Moral and political education in institutions of higher learning meets its chance and challenge in the time of internet.Colleges and universities have to enhance net mode of moral and political education,cultivate educators of this mode,set up campus websites of moral and political education,and promote the theoretical exploration of net mode of moral and political education.


Based on EKB,H-S and consumption value model,combined with the characteristics of green food,this paper constructs a model with three dimensions: the dissemination of green information,the property of green product,and the purchasing behavior of consumer.Through the questionnaire survey,an analysis has been done to explore the degree of direct relationship between the dissemination of green information and the property of green product,and how they impact the purchasing behavior of consumer directly.It is found that the dissemination of green information has universal and direct impact on the property of green product,and the dissemination of green information and the property of value of green food have direct impact on the purchasing behavior of consumer.


There was strong relationship between type of phobia and body part feared by needle insertion with gender. But there is still need of further investigation.


According to the development target of Changjitu development and open pilot area,the GDP historical data and the investment and financing situation as the foundation,this paper firstly analyses the supply and demand of Changjitu pilot area's fixed assets investment,then explores the systematic financing path,finally puts forward some countermeasures for ensuring Changjitu pilot area's systematic financing on optimizing the financial ecological environment,improving the financial market system,developing the multiple financing channels,promoting system and policy innovation.


PURPOSE: To obtain a new toxic dye by using both at least one p- phenylenediamine substituted at the 2-position of the benzene ring and a specific m-phenylenediamine, showing colors in a range from red to purple, having both strength and fastness. CONSTITUTION: This oxidation dyeing composition for keratinous fibers such as hair is obtained by adding a p-phenylenediamine derivative of formula I ((m) is 0 or 1; (n) is 1-4) or its acid addition salt as an oxidation dye precursor substance and a m-phenylenediamine derivative of formula II (R1 is a 1-2C alkyl or a 2-3C β-hydroxyalkyl) or its acid addition salt as a coupling agent to a proper solvent. Preferably the amount of the compound of formula I added is 0.05-5 wt.% and that of the coupling agent of the formula II is 0.05-2 wt.% based on the total of the composition. The new dye composition has durability, no toxicity and sufficient fastness especially to simultaneous light rays, cleaning, severe weather, sweating and various treatments to be applied to hair. The composition has extreme resistance especially to shampoo.


Drawing on results from supply chain modelling and dynamic simulation, presents four material flow principles which can be employed to reduce the bullwhip effect. A case study from the precision mechanical engineering sector is employed to illustrate the effect of rapid response manufacturing and supply chain integration. Analysis of six years of time‐series data indicates bullwhip reduction of up to 58 per cent. These results serve to validate the four material flow principles of selecting appropriate control systems, time‐compression, information transparency, and echelon elimination. They also raise interesting questions concerning the relationship between manufacturing agility and lean supply. For, by attenuating bullwhip the studied company was able to reduce their global inventory by 45 per cent. Thus, by viewing manufacturing in the context of the supply chain as a whole, it is possible to see how agile manufacturing can eliminate sources of variability induced waste; particularly inventory. In thi...


The hierarchical routing protocols of WSN depend on clustering algorithm to reduce energy consumption. Theses protocols can increase scalability and lifetime of the network. Energy-efficient clustering protocols should be designed for adapt to the characteristic of energy efficiency heterogeneity of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we evaluate hierarchical routing protocols by their sensitivity to energy heterogeneity and their effects on lifetime, number of cluster heads per rounds, performance, stability and instability period of the whole network. The obtained simulation results show the comparison between three routing protocols designed to cop to different levels of energy heterogeneity. The first protocol (called LEACH) designed for homogeneous network , the second one (SEP) designed for tow-level heterogeneous networks and the third and last one (DEEC) designed for multi-level heterogeneous networks. This paper shows which hierarchical routing protocol to use in sensor networks to cope with targeted performance measures taking into consideration application needs.


It's good for power supply and demand balance to improve the acuracy of load forecasting.Through analyzing the status of daily load forecasting in Longyan Power Supply Company from 2001 to 2004,the paper points out the shortage and the factor that affects the acuracy and gives some suggestions.Improving load forecasting acuracy can both be good for the stable operation of supply side but also good for the customers' safty power utility.


Local Agenda 21 was submitted to local governments at the UN conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Local authorities in each country called upon to undertake a consultative process with their citizens and achieve a consensus on a Local Agenda 21 for their communities. In this context, one of the most important achievements of the Turkey LA21 Program is the entrance of the city councils in our lives as the legitimate partner formations which have no corporate entity before and their finding place at the Article 76 of the Turkish Municipal Law No 5393. Now, LA21 program ended in Turkey which is the basic implementation systematic of sustainable development and local governance on a larger scale, and the program is sustained within the context of the city council which is a formation that develops the urban consciousness, supports the urban rights and law and develops the human relations at the urban scale. Within the framework of this study, the transition of LA21 program to the city councils in Turkey has been examined in a historical perspective. At the second step, the basic dynamics of the city councils have been analyzed with the help of the By-Laws of the city council by presenting the formation of the city councils, responsibilities, working principles, and its financial structure. In this context, the possible strengths and weaknesses of the city councils will be put forth. At the last step, solution proposals will be discussed in order to enhance the current functioning of the city councils in Turkey.


Objective: Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an oxidative, stress-dependent neurodegenerative disease. We investigated whether the levels of protein-methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in plasma could be a possible marker for AD in individuals with mild cognitive impariment (MCI). Design: We evaluated blood samples from patients with AD or MCI, as well as from normal controls, testing their MetO levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity. Results: An increase of MetO levels of a particular protein of human plasma and a decrease of SOD activity were observed only in AD plasma. Conclusion: Monitoring the patterns of these plasma markers in patients with MCI could provide a warning sign for disease progression into AD.


AbstractLeptomeningeal metastases are typically a late manifestation of systemic cancer affecting up to 10% of patients with solid tumors. Depending on the pattern of spread within the central nervous system, a broad variety of clinical symptoms and signs may occur, but cranial nerve palsies and multifocal deficits are particularly common. The incidence is highest in lung cancer, malignant melanoma and breast cancer. Survival is a only a few weeks without treatment, but is approximately 10% across the spectrum of patients. The diagnosis is typically triggered by clinical suspicion followed by neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Management is often individualized and depends on primary tumor and pattern of metastasis, in particular concurrent systemic or solid brain metastases.Here we set out to characterize current practice patterns of diagnosing and treating leptomeningeal metastasis in Europe. To this end, we prepared a web-based survey including multiple choice questions on best practice supplemented by some case vignettes. This survey was sent to members of the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) and the Brain Tumor Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) in April 2016.We will present the results of this survey and illustrate patterns of care by profession and country or region. Results from this survey shall inform on the design of future EANO recommendations for the diagnosis and management of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors.


The armor plate coated paint is a kind of new material arisen in recent decade.Its procreative craft consists of unwrapping a coiled steel、 coating and drying paint、 coiling up a coiled steel.Its equipments of the production line mainly comprise: machine equipments、 pretreatment equipments、 coating equipments、 drying equipments、 assistant equipments and electric control.etc.Its nonstandard machine equipments include: roll opener、 welding device、 storer at entrance/exit、 coiler、 roll-up machine.


Inventory of goods at large institutions is a complicated activity; one solution is to create a structured web application system that can be accessed anywhere. At the National Education Office, it is not only inventory management that is a problem but also the management of the School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS). Data security must be a priority because it involves significant funds and can be misused by irresponsible parties. This study aims to apply Two Factor Authentication to the Goods Inventory System and BOS Fund Management. The first stage is verification by the DISDIKNAS admin at each level of education. Next, a verification email will be sent to the registrant for verification. The results showed that the use of 2FA did not interfere with the performance of the web-based application or its users. The approval rate for the system is 97.4%. This research contributes to the implementation of website security and can be applied to similar systems


cogent parallels between how waste is discarded as "material without value" and how mainstream society sees Ashkali and Romani scavengers as "people without value;" however, Ashkali demonstrate that trash actually is valuable by profiting from its re-use, pushing back in turn against hegemonic tropes that dismiss them as worthless. For instance, Saethre points out how Ashkali scavengers are essential links in burgeoning transnational networks of waste-as-commerce. Given the value of Wasteland's contributions, little detracts from the book's impact. Addressing macro-level phenomena like post-socialist economic crises and anti-Gypsyism in greater detail to better contextualize Ashkali experiences would have strengthened Saethre's analysis. Moreover, a few inaccurate renderings of Romani group names ("Ludari" instead of Rudari, for example) and occasional awkward use of Serbian words in the text may distract readers familiar with the region. These issues aside, Wastelands is an important addition to scholarship on marginality, precarity, racism, and the state in post-socialist eastern Europe. Additionally, its ethnographic depth and straightforward writing make it quite accessible to a broader public—only adding to its potential impact and significance.


The TOSCA Project • Reproduce experimentally combustion instabilities such as " Humming " occurring in gas turbines • Develop ad-hoc instrumentation in order to analyse the physics of the instability in details • Contribute to the development of effective countermeasures in order to stabilise combustion and extend system life duration and performance


Overall, the paper underlines the difficulties in spelling out the transmission and the final effects of external shocks on the euro area, and highlights the complexity of the various direct and indirect mechanisms. We describe the main channels by which potential spillovers from external economic shocks may affect the euro area. Although the evidence is unclear on the extent to which the synchronisation of international cycles may have changed, the conclusion of the paper is that the "external dimension" of the euro area has a complex impact on economic developments in the euro area, while the relative importance of the various transmission channels may have changed rather substantially over time. Accordingly, this calls for continuous monitoring and further study of the evidence available. Finally, an efficient reaction to external shocks requires a flexible economy which allows an appropriate and rapid response to external shocks. Therefore, the continuation of structural reforms in the labour and product markets in the euro area countries is essential, and will encourage a better allocation and utilisation of capital and human resources, while enhancing the euro area's growth potential.


Brown tumors are erosive bony lesions caused by the chronic excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. Since the introduction of routine calcium measurement, the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism has usually been made in asymptomatic patients, and as a result, brown tumors are rarely observed as an initial manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. The authors report a case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with right cheek swelling. A CT scan showed erosive bone tumors of the mandible. These lesions were finally diagnosed as brown tumors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure. Brown tumor as a result of hyperparathyroidism is a relatively rare clinical finding in otorhinolaryngology, thus, the authors illustrate this case with a brief review of the literature.


Fossil fuel combustion, such as coal combustion, currently meets the majority of the global energy demand; however, the process also produces a significant proportion of the worldwide CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Further improvement in the efficiency and control of the combustion process is needed, as well as the implementation of novel technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). Oxy-fuel combustion is a very promising CCS technology, where the air in the combustion process is replaced with a mixture of recycled flue gas and oxygen producing a high CO2 outflow that can effectively be processed or stored. The adjustment of the combustion environment within the boiler resulting from the high CO2 concentration will modify the flame characteristics. It is therefore important to evaluate properly the changes of the flame that occur with different flue gas recycle schemes.
A coal flame is often characterised by its physical parameters, such as the flame size, shape, brightness and temperature, and it can be considered as a stable flame by the presence of ignition and the propagation of the flame. The oscillatory behaviour of a flame can be quantified by the flicker frequency obtained after the instantaneous variations of the flame parameters, and is used as a reference for flame stability.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to model coal combustion. This work compares the estimated flicker frequency taken from CFD calculations against measurements undertaken at the experimental facilities of the UKCCSRC Pilot-scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) located in South Yorkshire, UK. The 250 kW combustion test facility consists of a down-fired, refractory lined cylindrical furnace, which is 4 m in height with a 0.9 m internal diameter. The furnace is fitted with a scaled version of a commercially available Doosan Babcock low-NOx burner.
The flame physical parameters are approximated from performing a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) using the CFD code ANSYS FLUENT v15. The flicker frequency obtained from the CFD approach is compared against the experimentally measured value from a 2D flame imaging system. A series of oxy-fuel cases are then examined in the same fashion in order to assess their flame stability and the boiler operational limit. The flicker frequency trend obtained from the computations and measurements helps to determine the dynamic response of the flame for different combustion environments, and the results will be applicable in determining the optimal recycle ratio applied in future oxy-fuel systems.


This paper is a study on sensor selection problem in Visual Sensor Networks (VSNs). The objective of this problem is finding an optimal subset of visual sensor nodes witch cover all of the targets such that overall network cost is minimized. In addition, in order to efficiently utilize of the bandwidth, the correlation of data which are calculated based on captured data of sensors should be minimized. For this achievement, a circular model for target modeling is proposed and furthermore, a criterion is defined to measure the correlation of the captured data from sensors. Experimental results demonstrate that applying our model for Full / Partial Angle Coverage problem compared to K-Coverage problem redound the less correlated sensor nodes.


The authors of the present paper treated 250 cases of hemiplegia with electroacupuncture and massage, and got a better result. Here is the report.


Following in the ground-breaking tradition of Our Bodies, Ourselves, the authors address the special needs of women over 35. By providing the frankest and most complete information ever available on midlife and older women's issues, Ourselves, Growing Older invites women to assume responsibility for their own bodies. Draws on the experiences of scores of women from every walk of life.


The treatment effect of songhua river with sodium ferrate solution made by electrosynthesis method and polymerization alminum was studied. The results showed that adding the fixed sodium ferrate solution concentration of 1. 0 mg/L,increase the polymerization aluminum consumption can decrease the concentration of humic acid and ammonia nitrogen. When polymeric aluminum additive concentration was up to 5. 0 mg/L,the highest removal efficiency all three reached 65. 4% and 20%. Adding the same concentration of ferrate solution and polymerization alminum,the removal efficiency of cadmium and turbidity with adding ferrater solution is higher than adding polymerization alminum separately,respectively are 41. 5% and 42. 5%. The removal efficiency of cadmium and turbidity is the best when combining with the ferrater solution and polymerization alminum,respectively reached 98. 5% and 85%.The best additive combination is adding 0. 5 mg/L ferrater solution and 5 mg/L polymerization alminum.


We study tissue-like P systems which use string objects and communicate by introducing communication symbols in the strings. We prove that these systems are computationally complete and moreover, they are computationally efficient in the sense that NP-complete problems can be solved in this framework in polynomial time.


Introduction Ultimate intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been introduced to establish an upper limit for physically achievable SNR in magnetic resonance experiments [1, 2] when taking only sample noise into consideration. The extension of the theory for parallel imaging proved that for high field systems operation with high acceleration factors is feasible without significantly sacrificing geometry factor performance [3, 4]. However, up to now, due to its computational complexity, ultimate intrinsic SNR solutions have only been presented for highly symmetric and homogeneous phantoms. Using 3D field simulations, we have evaluated ultimate intrinsic SNR for the human head at 9.4T. This allows comparison of novel conductor arrangements for high field, parallel imaging coils and evaluating experimental performance in an absolute measure. Methods Ultimate intrinsic SNR is the maximum SNR obtainable for one voxel of 1 cm under the single constraint that Maxwell's equations are fulfilled. This can be achieved by selecting a set of basis functions, each of which satisfies the conditions imposed by Maxwell's equations, and superimposing a growing number of modes until convergence is reached. We simulated plane waves incident on a human head (Ella [5]) using the finite integration method (CST GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) and material parameters as given in [6]. The plane waves were equally distributed on a sphere and used two orthogonally polarised modes each. The field distribution for each mode was stored and postprocessing was carried out using MATLAB (The Mathworks Inc., Massachusetts, USA). Postprocessing consisted of computing the sensitivity H1 for each mode as well as the noise covariance matrix, ψ. Assembling the sensitivities in the vector b, the optimum SNR is given by


"Foreword / v Acknowledgments / vii introduction: Today's Chaos Tomorrow's Opportunity / 1 Part 1: Tools and Techniques / 11 1 Futurism: The Antidote to Chaos / 13 2 Systems Thinking: A Superhighway to Change / 23 3 Analyzing Trends: Real Change vs. Media Hype / 47 4 Into the Future: Making Judgments Evaluating Forecasts / 75 5 Strategic Implications: What the Future Means to You / 86 6 Scenario Generation: Drawing a Picture of the Future / 103 7 Communicating the Future -- Even to the Skeptical / 124 Part 2: Drivers of the Future / 135 8 Aging: Preparing for a New Grey World / 137 9 Information Technology: Falling in Price, Increasing in Power / 155 10 Health Care: New Gadgets vs. Following Doctors' Orders / 168 11 Biotechnology: Scratching the Surface of the Secrets of Life / 184 12 Energy: Getting More out of Less / 197 13 Nanotechnologies: Smaller Is Better / 210 14 Media and Communications: Six Billion Channels for Six Billion People / 220 15 Ecology and Sustainability: Growth Can Be Good / 234 Epilogue: Where Do We Go from Here? / 248 Notes / 251 Index / 256"


The author criticizes the latest book by Michal Pawel Markowski Życie na miare literatury. He evaluated it as a book positively differing from early works by an outstanding philologist which resembled a lecture artificialized because of the fact that they were "promotion works". The latest book enchants with sincerity in presenting his own involvement in reading adventures. Apart from discussing the history of the European modernism and a series of profiles of modern authors, the title text-confession-manifesto appears in which the philologist states that reading has an existential dimension for him as it interrupts the circle of loneliness surrounding the reader. The author notices that reading equals conversation for Markowski, which gets a former deconstructionist to hermeneutics as well as philosophy of dialogue closer.


In order to meet the needs of a meteorological observatory to backup a great number of Micaps data files and set up local data application environment,this paper explores the program of using Delphi function to call WinRAR to compress,backup and restore Micaps data files on daily business.Designed on tray architecture,the Program uses thread class calling WinRAR to compress and backup daily Micaps data files which are divided into 10 different categories.The backup operation can be implemented in two ways,including automatic timing operation and manual operation,to pack and backup each category of daily Micaps data files respectively.The storage space occupied by the compressed backup files is less than 20% that of the original documents.The Program,characterized by stable operation,easy maintenance and function expansion,has good application prospects.


Because there is a trend in the helping professions toward recognizing sexuality as an integral and important dimension of healthy personality development, school counselors and other school personnel have become committed to assisting students in understanding and dealing with their sociosexual needs and concerns. Yet school counselors need to be better prepared to meet these needs. This article suggests skills and attitudes that are necessary for accomplishing the goals of counseling on issues of human sexuality, and how counselors can acquire these skills and attitudes.


A set of reduced equations governing nonlinear, two-dimensional, two-fluid, collisionless magnetic reconnection with arbitrary guide field is derived. These equations represent an improvement on the existing nonlinear reduced equations generally used to investigate collisionless reconnection, which are only valid in the large guide-field limit. The improved equations are used to calculate the linear growth rate of a strongly unstable, spontaneously reconnecting, plasma instability, as well as the general linear dispersion relation for such an instability.


Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics "Research Forefront of Ion Channels and Transporters Aiming at New Drug Development" Preface Naohiko ANZAI, et al. 29 1. Na + /Ca 2+ Exchangers : Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases Takahiro IWAMOTO 30 2. Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)-Transgenic Mice as a Tool for Drug Development of Obstructive Lung Diseases Tsuyoshi SHUTO 33 3. Examinations of the Role of Post-Transcriptional Regulation by Ubiquitination for ENaCs for Renal and Hypertensive Disorders Tomoaki ISHIGAMI 35 4. NPC1L1, a Cholesterol Transporter, and Fat-Soluble Vitamins Tappei TAKADA, et al. 39


Labor events are physiological events whose processes can run smoothly and safely if the helper in labor can monitor labor to detect complications early. The purpose  of this study was to look at the factors related to the selection of Birth assistance places for labor mothers in Lingkar Timur Public Health Center of Bengkulu City. This study used descriptive correlational using Cross Sectional design. The sample in this study was taken by using purposive sampling technique that is taking as many as 78 samples. Data were tested using the chi-square test. To determine the closeness of the relationship, a contingency coefficient (C) test has been used. There is a relationship between age with the selection of birth assistance places in labor mothers in the Lingkar Timur Public Health Center in Bengkulu City with p=0,000 0,05 a close relationship category. There is a relationship of parity with the selection of birth places in delivery mothers in the Lingkar Timur Public Health Center Work Area with p=0,003 0,05 medium relationship category. There is an educational relationship with the selection of birth places in delivery mothers in Lingkar Timur Public Health Center with p=0,000 0,05 in the category of close relationships. There is a relationship between the complication of labor and the choice of place of delivery assistance for women giving birth in Lingkar Timur Public Health Center of Bengkulu City with p=0,000 0,05 a close relationship category. Based on the results of the study recommends the importance of health promotion such as Antenatal care, conducting pregnant mothers class programs, so that pregnant women get information and knowledge about their pregnancy conditions and can choose the right place of delivery according to their pregnancy conditions.


This Law sets forth rules on the accommodation of asylum applicants in the state of Bayern, Germany. It provides that such persons are to be housed in community accommodations established and managed by the government, or in accommodations managed by local authorities. The state is pay for the costs of these accommodations, as well as for other benefits needed for the continuing maintenance of asylum applicants.


Presents case reports of two psychiatric patients who suddenly deteriorated and burned in a severe psychiatric condition due to the circumstances they faced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which required urgent admission and intensive psychiatric treatment. In the first case report, pandemic and restrictive measures were the predisposing factors for suicide attempt of the patient who is the war veteran with diagnosed complex PTSD, while the precipitating factors for the suicide attempt were impaired physician-patient communication, fear of losing a job and existential issues. There is a need to raise awareness in society that rising unemployment is associated with an increased number of suicides, as well as responsible and balanced media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second case report, our patient with bipolar disorder got into relapse of disease with psychotic symptoms during the pandemic of COVID-19 after changes the work structure and after she illegally visited her son who was self-isolated after returning to B&H from abroad, with no self-protected equipment. Overall, both case studies illustrate the psychological potential that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has on at-risk groups of psychiatric patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)


The objective is to describe a rare case of a trigeminal schwannoma in a child and the surgical procedure performed for therapy. Case report: a 13 year old boy presented right sided hypoacusia and hemifacial hypoesthesia, dysarthric speech and cerebellar symptoms. Imaging studies revealed a unilateral dumbbell-shaped tumor, extending into the middle and posterior fossae, centered over Meckel s cave. One-stage surgery was performed by an orbitozygomatic approach. The tumor was first debulked in the middle fossa, then peeled from the wall of the cavernous sinus, followed by extirpation of the tumor from the posterior fossa. The tumor was fully removed. Histopatological examination revealed a schwannoma. Conclusion: trigeminal schwannoma is a tumor that rarely occurs in childhood. Although several, often multistaged surgical strategies have been reported in the literature, this tumor was eradicated by a one-stage orbitozygomatic approach.


ABSTRACT The modulated receptor hypothesis is useful in understanding the kinetics of Na+ channels and the changes produced by various antiarrhythmic drugs.


To the Editor .—

In their article regarding early-intervention services provided through Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Bailey et al1 express concern that the length of time is excessive between the identification of a child with a possible disability and referral for intervention services. However, whether this delay in referral for intervention is harmful totally depends on whether the interventions available are effective.

The Part C program serves a large number of children with a variety of disabilities or risk factors, and the effectiveness of the interventions differs with the disability involved. For example, for children diagnosed early with hearing loss, the effectiveness of early intervention is well-supported by existing data, and a delay in referral for intervention may have a substantial negative impact on the future development of the child with hearing loss.

Depending on how risk is defined, varying numbers of children, perhaps a majority, who might be referred for early-intervention services because they have been deemed at risk, will develop normally even if early-intervention services are not provided. For such children, it can be argued that immediate referral for intervention …


Ireland's demographic profile has changed significantly in the past 20 years, being now characterised by increasing cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. However, primary schooling in Ireland has remained highly denominational, mostly Roman Catholic, in nature, with a small number of minority faith schools and multi-denominational schools. This paper describes the nature of the Irish primary educational system and addresses the implications of its institutional structure and school institutional identity for school choice. In so doing, it draws on the national Growing Up in Ireland study, and documents the role of socio-cultural and religious factors in the choice of primary school.


Economics of education is rooted in economic theories studying human capital. One of its branches is concerned with understanding what happens in schools, i.e. the way performance interacts with a multitude of factors such as the characteristics and family background of students, school resources and institutional features of the educational systems. This relates to several research agendas, beginning with the effective use of resources. Education accounts for a large share of government expenditure in almost all countries. People care about whether spending additional money will improve educational outcomes, or whether a given outcome can be attained by spending less. Research has suggested that pure resource policies may not be very effective, unless they are accompanied by changes in incentives. In this context, it is important to consider institutional features, e.g. school autonomy, among the determinants of performance. Another related research agenda arises from the stylized fact that family background plays a key role in achievement, repeatedly confi rmed by research since the publication of the well-known Coleman report (Coleman, 1966). A high degree of dependence of outcomes on socioeconomic background is, however, an undesirable feature of educational systems, for in this case schooling does not contribute to attenuating social inequality. However, policy interventions can only work if the underlying mechanisms are well understood. For instance, socioeconomic status needs not determine achievement directly; it may determine instead which schools students select into, and inequality may be mostly between schools.


The deuterium Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) can produce copious amounts of MeV neutrons and can be used as an efficient neutron source. However, the mechanism by which neutrons are produced within the DPF is poorly understood and this limits our ability to optimize the device. In this paper we present results from a computational study aimed at understanding how neutron production occurs in DPFs with a current between 70 kA and 500 kA and which parameters can affect it. A combination of MHD and kinetic tools are used to model the different stages of the DPF implosion. It is shown that the anode shape can significantly affect the structure of the imploding plasma and that instabilities in the implosion lead to the generation of large electric fields at stagnation. These electric fields can accelerate deuterium ions within the stagnating plasma to large (>100 keV) energies leading to reactions with ions in the cold dense plasma. It is shown that the electromagnetic fields present can significantly affect the tra...


Two series of multiblock copolymers based on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were developed and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The multiblock copolymers were synthesized by a coupling reaction between phenoxide terminated fully disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH100) and decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP) or hexafluorobenzene (HFB) end-capped unsulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPS0) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, respectively. The highly reactive nature of DFBP and HFB allowed the coupling reactions to be accomplished under mild reaction conditions (e.g., <105 C). The low coupling temperatures prevented possible ethereether exchange reactions which can cause a loss of order due to randomization of the hydrophilicehydrophobic sequences. The multiblock copolymers produced tough and ductile membranes and their fundamental properties as PEMs were explored. They showed enhanced conductivities under fully hydrated conditions when compared with a random BPSH copolymer with a similar IEC. These copolymers also showed anisotropic swelling behavior, whereas the random copolymers were isotropic. The synthesis and fundamental properties of the multiblock copolymers are reported here and the systematic fuel cell properties and more detailed morphology characterization will be provided elsewhere. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Nerol was cyclized to terpinyl chloride or bromide in the presence of TiX4–PhNHMe (1 : 1) complex (I, X= Cl, Br) in dichloromethane at −23 °C, geraniol being converted into geranyl halide by simple halogenation. Terminally modified derivatives YCH2C(Me)=CHCH2CH2CMe=CHCH2OH (Y=SiMe3, SnBu3) of (2Z,6E) configuration were cyclized by treatment with I to afford limonene in high yields and 100% selectivity. Cyclization of (2Z) isomers of CH2=CR–CH2CH2CMe=CHCH2OH (R=H, Me, Cl) produced seven-membered carbocyclic products in fair yields. The novel procedure has been utilized in the synthesis of nezukone from (2E)-3-isopropyl-2,6-heptadien-1-ol involving five steps.