Bradford's Law is presented as an observation made from the outcome of searching, rather than a mathematical development. The organization and presentation of search data is explained. Potential applications of Bradford's Law are discussed. New findings are presented which show the relationship described by Bradford's Law to be fundamentally important but in a more subtle way than previously supposed. Future developments are suggested in terms of their impact on librarianship.


The financial sector in India has undergone radical reforms, particularly in the stock market segment, since early 1990s. Testing duration in stock markets concerns the ability to predict the turning points of bull and bear cycles. This article study some point process models to fit the data from Indian stock market cycles. We have considered the BSE 30 (SENSEX) data from January, 1991 to August, 2012 for bull and bear markets. The duration dependence of stock market cycles can help to pinpoint the peaks and troughs in these cycles. Upon carrying out various statistical procedures and goodness of fit tests, we found that the Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process models like Power Law Process, Modulated Power Law Process, Log-linear process and other models are some of the possible alternative models to describe the data. We provide estimates, confidence interval estimates and tests of hypothesis for the parameters involved in a particular model.


We have measured the magnetization of a dual-subband two-dimensional electron gas, confined in a GaAs/ AlGaAs heterojunction. In contrast to two-dimensional electron gases with a single subband, we observe non-1/B-periodic, triangularly shaped oscillations of the magnetization with an amplitude significantly less than 1μ* B per electron. All three effects are explained by a field-dependent self-consistent model, demonstrating that the shape of the magnetization is dominated by oscillations in the confining potential. Additionally, at 1 K, we observe small oscillations at magnetic fields where Landau levels of the two different subbands cross.


We present new experimental data about the radiation-induced breakdown in 1.7 nm gate oxides, typical of the 90nm technology node. We irradiated several MOS capacitors with n- and p-type substrates and different areas under a positive and negative staircase bias with Ag ions. A modified testing procedure was introduced based on a low voltage sensing of the gate current during irradiation. We showed that, even in spite of a smaller gate oxide field, irradiation was more damaging for biases in deep depletion than for biases in accumulation. We attributed this to the injection in the oxide of energetic carriers heated in the depletion region. In this regime of operation, we highlighted the differences in the gate current degradation of nMOS and pMOS devices: abrupt changes followed by a smooth growth in the first ones, an increase proportional to the area in the second.


In higher education, the most common challenge for students is the ability to find a connection between one subject that they have learned and another subject. Thus, students' learning becomes compartmentalized and piecemeal. For instance, accounting students may find attending a drawing class boring and a waste of time. Science students may wonder how a music class could help them with their future career. This paper attempts to share ideas about how to use accounting concepts in a career planning class for accounting students. The aim is to encourage and inspire educators to create a connection between diverse subjects to supplement students' learning.


With the growing number of food safety scandals and toxic tort litigations, Chen HsinHsing's book Bad Stuff is an important and timely contribution to the Chinese STS literature. The scope ofBad Stuff is ambitious, covering "pressingmatters" in industrial society from adulterated food and environmental toxins to occupational hazards, which he sees as three aspects of one single issue. Published soon after a district court in Taiwan ruled against the company RCA in a collective toxic tort case brought by former employees, Bad Stuff is a pioneer in the Chinese language STS literature that takes on science and law as two institutionalized epistemic authorities. Having taken part in an initiative led by members of the Taiwanese STS community to assist RCA's former workers in their lawsuit, Chen also offers his observations on this court case. Chen has dedicated a major part of Bad Stuff to examining how science and law— two fact-finding institutions—deal with uncertainties and with the unknown impacts of chemical substances. He compares common-law (US) and civil-law (Taiwan) traditions and finds these two systems to be different mixtures of transparency and opaqueness.While the public generally dislikes "black boxes," they are often willing to leave a sterile—or untainted—space for "experts" when scientific and juridical decisions are made. Chen emphasizes the importance of visibility in political culture since the seventeenth century. Based on the seminal work of Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, he uses the metaphors of theater and machine to discuss cultural practices in common-law and civil-law systems, observing the theatrical attributes of common-law courts that give more weight to the perceptions of the viewing public (the jury). He finds civil-law courts formalistic and machine-like, assuming judges to exercise fine judgment based


Today, museums have become a very important part of people's lives. In the exhibition of cultural relics, the level of display technology is directly related to the development and service quality of museums. With the development of science and technology, the exhibition activities of museums are gradually developing towards intelligence, networking and digitization. Big data technology plays an important role in the digital construction of museums and is widely used in museum business. This paper studies the digital museum which uses digital technology to display cultural relics and the application of big data technology in digital museum. In order to better understand the application of big data technology in museum exhibitions and its help, this paper carried out a survey in a digital exhibition museum with big data technology, counted the flow of people in the museum before and after the application of big data technology, and formulated a questionnaire to investigate the feelings of museum staff and visitors on the application. The results show that big data technology can effectively improve the effect of Museum digital exhibition.


It is a scene that would play well on stage: audience members sit expectantly, gendered clues (of costume and voice) shape their expectations, and comic reversal occurs, all the more effective because the performer retains (or seems to retain) her aplomb. Moreover, Woodress writes the scene in theatrical terms, all props and appearances, and his language implies that he participates in the audience's amusement. The young Cather is defined in affectionately comic terms as an adolescent awkwardly jumbling up pieces that don't fit together: skirts with masculine voice, girl's body with boyish (short) hair and hat. But the confidence


During a survey of the freshwater diatom flora of the Senegal River, an unknown Placoneis species was observed that was initially identified as Placoneis gastrum . Detailed morphological analysis using both light and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed sufficient morphological differences to separate this species as Placoneis cocquytiae sp. nov. The new species is characterized by a rather broadly lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate valve outline with rostrate, protracted, broadly rounded apices. The central area has an irregular shape due to the shortening of several striae. An isolated pore is lacking. The new species is compared with similar Placoneis and Navicula s.l. taxa and a short biogeographical analysis based on confirmed African records is presented. So far, P. cocquytiae is also present in Zambia and Lake Tanganyika.


Trajectory analysis has been used to study long-term patterns of offending and identify offending groups. Only few studies have explored patterns in people with psychotic illness and these were restricted to adult offenders. This study examines offending trajectories, and identifies risk factors, for people aged 10-26 with psychotic illness (PI) and other mental disorders (OMD) compared to those with no mental disorders (NMD).

 This is a whole-population record-linkage study of 184,147 people born in Western Australia (WA) 1983-1991 using data from WA psychiatric case register, WA corrective services and other state-wide registers. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify offending trajectories.

 Four offender groups were identified for each mental health status (MHS) group:
 MHS groups had similar offending patterns, however PI had a lower proportion of individuals in the G1 group and later offending onset in the G3 group. Gender, indigenous status, substance use, childhood victimisation and parental offending were risk factors associated with group membership; for PI, childhood victimisation and parental offending were only significant in the G4 group.

 Overall offending patterns and risk factors were similar for all MHS groups, however, some differences were observed for PI.

 To reduce offending in this population, interventions need to occur at an early age.


Objectives: To assess the relation of LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy) due to essential hypertension with serum vitamin D3 and serum calcium levels. Study Design: Cross Sectional Research. Setting: Medicine/Cardiology department, Peoples Medical University Hospital, Nawabshah. Period: 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. Material & Methods: To assess the correlation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and serum calcium with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. The thickness of inter ventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (PWT) on echocardiography were used to categorize LVH into mild, moderate and severe. Results: Male predominated in the present study. Male to female ratio was 1.65:1. Male and female comprised 62.33% and 37.67% respectively. Chi square value (X2-value) was 14.7 with significant p-value. Mean +SD of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in mild moderate and severe LVH were noted as 30+7.8, 24.7+7.7 and 14.9+6.1 ng/dl respectively. Mean +SD of serum calcium in mild moderate and severe LVH were noted as 9.20+0.51, 8.93+0.72 and 8.678+0.44 mg/dl respectively. Conclusion: In subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension the serum levels of vitamin D and calcium were low. There was a negative correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy and serum vitamin D and serum calcium. Thus it could be concluded that in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy the low levels of serum vitamin D could be an independent modifiable risk factor.


Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals where it causes end organ diseases leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCMV infection and its associated risk factors among HIV patients in Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 150 HIV patients consisting of 80 males and 70 females were enrolled for this study. About 4 mL of venous blood was aseptically collected from each participant by venipuncture and was centrifuged to obtain serum. The serum was screened by ELISA for HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Results: The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for data analysis. An overall prevalence of 32.7% for HCMV IgM antibodies was recorded among the HIV patients. Males had a higher prevalence of 55.1% HCMV IgM antibodies than their female counterparts with 44.9% HCMV IgM antibodies. HCMV was more prevalent among the age group <19 years (51.0%), followed by the age group 20–39 years (30.6%), while the age groups >60 years, and 40–59 years recorded a prevalence of 12.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The co-occurrence of HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies, religion and location significantly influenced the acquisition of HCMV infection among HIV patients. Integrating HIV prevention by spreading awareness and early diagnosis of HCMV is key to reducing complications from these viral infections in HIV disease patients.


In studying the singularities of type A k of smooth maps between manifolds N and P the Boardman manifold Σ i, 1,..., 10 in J ∞ (N, P) has been very useful. We will construct the submanifolds ΣD k and ΣE k in J ∞ (N, P) playing the similar role for singularities D k and E k and study their properties in its process


Seventy four subjects treated for thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine (131I) were studied by means of an ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) infusion such as was described by Kaiser & Pensold (1959). The response of these patients to a standard hypocalcaemic insult was followed by means of serum calcium, and in some instances serum inorganic phosphorus, analyses. The treated subjects were separated into euthyroid, hypothyroid and hypothyroid-treated-with-replacement-thyroid-medication groups. These groups were compared to a fourth group of 29 normal subjects. The results suggest that impairment of calcium mobilization was present in the irradiated subjects. However, most of the impairment could be correlated with the presence of hypothyroidism, and no loss of parathyroid reserve seemed indicated by the data. In a previous paper it was shown that thyroidectomized euthyroid goiter patients demonstrated abnormal ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) respon¬ siveness when compared to normal subjects, to goitrous but unoperated sub¬ jects and to subjects undergoing herniorrhapy (King et al. 1965). It was also shown that this abnormal EDTA responsiveness resembled that seen in sub¬ jects with typical postoperative hypoparathyroidism. A tentative conclusion, in agreement with conclusions expressed by others (Kaiser 8c Pensold 1959; Supported in part by Grant No. U. S. P. H. AM5165, Contract No. SAph-76721 and by Grant MOI Fr 68, . . . Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 10/19/2018 04:36:35PM via free access Smith et al. 1960; Wade 1960), was that thyroidectomy interfered with para¬ thyroid reserve function although other factors were not excluded as important in the production of these results. The next obvious question was, is the same apparent compromise of parathyroid function an accompaniment of radioiodine treatment, as has been suggested by Harden et al. (1963) and Adams 8c Chalmers (1965). The need to evaluate the possible damaging effects of thyroid irradiation on parathyroid glands is self-evident. Since radioiodine therapy is seldom used in the treatment of nonmalignant thyroid disease associated with the euthyroid state, only subjects treated with radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis were available. Comparable groups of untreated thyrotoxic and of subtotally thyroidectomized, previously thyrotoxic, patients were not available for study. Therefore, the data currently collected were compared to the control subjects reported in the previous communication.


T coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to surge across the globe, recently eclipsing prior peak records in daily cases (1). The finding that a novel pathogen known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 was the result of an open science endeavor to provide rapid sequencing of the viral genome (2). Data sharing initiatives to foster accelerated COVID-19 research have since followed, running the gamut from open access academic journal resource hubs and bioinformatics consortiums to open partnerships in therapeutics discovery (3). In recognizing the role of open data curation in supporting the global pandemic response, the RSNA, with partners at four international sourcing institutions and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), have developed the RSNA International COVID-19 Open Annotated Radiology Database (RICORD), presented by Tsai and Simpson et al in this issue of Radiology (4). The RICORD data set is the first public, expertly annotated data set for COVID-19 thoracic imaging that encompasses both multinational and multimodal data. The artificial intelligence (AI) community can leverage the robustness of the RICORD imaging data to accelerate advances in clinical diagnostics, prognostics, and management of SARS-CoV-2. Characterization of SARSCoV-2 on chest images is ongoing, but evidence to date suggests that the syndrome possesses the radiographic qualities of an organizing pneumonia. Stereotyped imaging features on chest CT scans include ground-glass opacities in a peripheral distribution, often rounded with bior multilobar involvement (5,6). The field has already moved beyond early efforts in COVID-19 computer vision techniques that centered around obtaining an early diagnosis and indexing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease. At this stage, the primary utility for AI-based COVID-19 chest imaging applications is forecasting disease and monitoring therapy in correlation with clinical data (7). RICORD is a groundbreaking undertaking in the promotion of quality and accessible imaging data. First, a lack of heterogeneous and high-volume data complicated early efforts to use machine learning to characterize SARSCoV-2 on chest images. The diversity in the RICORD images answers this need for better data generalizability with its 240 chest CT and 1000 chest radiograph images across four international sites. RICORD also circumvents another critical barrier to the advancement of AI-driven bioinformatics research: a paucity of large, labeled data sets with open data use privileges. In particular, the lack of access to large volume data undermines the development of deep learning applications, but the recent resurgence of this access has enabled key advances in image interpretation. Until workaround data manipulation solutions for overfitting in low-volume settings like pretraining or data augmentation become routine, small cohort size will continue to impede deep learning model use. We suspect RICORD will be helpful to many different stakeholders within the machine learning community, as these stakeholders can tailor its use depending on their individual needs. For clinical radiology groups, RICORD will likely serve as a pristine external validation set to test AI algorithms developed on their respective multi-institutional data set. Other nonaffiliated clinicians or academics, such as computer scientists or engineers without easy access to clinical data repositories, can use RICORD thoracic imaging data for primary algorithm development. Beyond advancing AI data quality, RICORD also promotes consensus methodologies in image preprocessing and database curation. For example, RICORD features a harmonized annotation schema collated by the RSNA, the Society of Thoracic Radiology, and the European Society RICORD: A Precedent for Open AI in COVID-19 Image Analytics


xiv Chapter I: Introduction 1 Motivation 2 Labor Market Institutions of the Soviet Union 8 Ukraine and Lithuania as Case Studies 12 Chapter II: The Labor Market in Ukraine in the Post-Soviet Era 16 Composition of the Labor Force in Ukraine 22 Labor Market Policies in Ukraine 25 Chapter III: The Labor Market in Lithuania in the Post-Soviet Era 25 Composition of the Labor Force in Lithuania 30 Labor Market policies in Lithuania 32 Chapter IV: Data 46 Chapter V: Returns to Human Capital 47 Background 50 Empirical Methodology 56 Returns to Education in Ukraine, 1999-2003 62 Returns to Education in Ukraine vs. Lithuania, 2000 65 Returns to Education across Sectors 69


BACKGROUND
Cystic neoplasms are an uncommon group among pancreatic tumors. These lesions are seen more frequently in recent surgical practice, probably because of advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques. Total tumor resection provides the best chance of cure and may remove the risk of malignant transformation of the cystadenomas, particularly of the mucinous type. Minimally invasive techniques have been revolutionary and provide clinical evidence of decreased morbidity and comparable efficacy to traditional, open surgery. However, laparoscopic pancreatic resection is not an established treatment for tumors of the pancreas.

AIM
The authors present their initial experience with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cystadenomas.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Three female patients (mean age, 55 years) underwent laparoscopic pancreatic resection between September 2001 and December 2003.

RESULTS
Laparoscopic pancreatic resection was successfully performed in all patients. Operative time varied between 4 and 6 hours. Intraoperative bleeding was minimal. Due to a thick pancreas, the application of vascular endoscopic stapler was difficult in one patient. Two patients presented postoperative pancreatic leakage with spontaneous resolution.

CONCLUSIONS
Resection of the pancreas can be safely performed via the laparoscopic approach with all the potential benefits to the patients of minimally invasive surgery.


The past 25 years have brought upheaval to the indigenous people of Mexico due to two opposing forces: modernization and globalization, on the one hand, and indigenous uprisings on the other. Suddenly, the topic of indigenous languages and education was brought into official discussions at the national level. This paper examines the tensions that emerge between the political discourses which emanate from within the indigenous communities and from the national government, and the actual implementation of educational policy models. The political–educational discourse shifted from Spanishization [castellanización], assimilation, and integration to bilingualism, interculturalism, and participation. We demonstrate that this shift was not a smooth transition, but rather an abrupt change that occurred in the early 1990s. Further, despite the shift to new discourses that respected indigenous languages and cultures, institutional factors have not been altered sufficiently to improve the conditions of indigenous education or their well-being in Mexico. Thus, ultimately, the new discourse of bilingualism and interculturalism in education serves to obfuscate the socio-political-economic work that must be done to truly allow the indigenous people to participate in the nation's political life.


The polyaniline(PANI) films were prepared by constant potential pulse method.The morphology,structure and optic properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared ray(IR) and luminescence spectrum.We investigated the impact of duty cycle,cycle and pulse time on the morphology of films.The SEM images show that the grain size of films decreases with the decreases of the duty cycle;with the increase of cycles,the lamellar structure films change to granular structure which is longitudinal growth.The luminescence spectrum revealed that the emitting peak of the PANI films located at about 520 nm,and the luminescent intensity increases with the increase of the duty cycle.Electrochemical performance test shows that the PANI films which prepared by constant potential pulse method has good capacitive characteristics.


Channel correlation is closely related to the capacity of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) correlated channel. Indeed, the high correlated channel degrades the system performance and the quality of wireless communication systems in terms of the capacity. Thus, we design an inverse-orthogonal matrix such as Toeplitz-Jacket matrix to design transmit and receive correlation matrices to mitigate the channel correlation of the MIMO systems. The numerical and simulation results are performed for both uncorrelated and correlated channel capacities in the case of single sided fading correlations.


The utility model provides a safety air bag comprising an inflator; and a safety air bag air cushion used to expand the air cushion by enabling the flowing of the air from the inflator in the air cushion. The safety air bag air cushion is provided with a first breaking part and a second breaking part. When the internal pressure of the safety air bag air cushion is increased, the breaking parts can be torn apart at an interval, and then the air flowing in the safety air bag air cushion can be exhausted.


Semi-formation (Halbbildung) is the social determination of formation in the contemporary capitalist society. In Adorno's views, society, in its reproduction process, is to be apprehended as reificated, as a socially inverted mediation. Theory has to go beyond the subjective moment of reification, and unravel the objective determinations of subjectivity. Showing the subject behind reification does not suffice since it is also socially determined in accordance with the existing society, as a subject that subjects itself and does not experience the contradictions of the effective production of society, ideologically concealed in the social order imposed by the culture industry. Education is not idealistically aimed at emancipation, but dialectically based on the critique of real semi-formation, and oriented by possibilities that are present, although not effective, in the experience of the contradictions of the effective social production.


Summary This paper has dealt in very general terms with the development of an operational-informational point of view in psychology, built upon the structure-of-intellect model, which was derived from an organization of the information-processing abilities or functions found in factor-analytic investigations. The view involves three basic aspects or dimensions—operations (acts), contents (substantive kinds of information), and products (forms)—all of which are important for a complete psychology. It was pointed out that each historical school of psychology placed its emphasis upon one of these aspects, to the general neglect of the other two, even with further self-limitations. Operation psychologies generally dealt with faculties, acts, or functions. Content psychologies described conscious experiences of sensations and feelings, and needed the concept of information to broaden their conceptions of what could be described and thus treated scientifically, even within the scope of the aspect of content. Th...


harmonic progressions. The analyses of individual works that make up the bulk of this book are very brief (even the most substantial and well-known works receive no more than four pages), but each provides sufficient key details and references to assist anyone seeking more information. The music examples and diagrams are concise and clearly illustrate Dixon's points. Schnittke's film music is the subject of the final chapter, in which Dixon discusses select scores by director instead of chronologically, focusing on the composer'sworkwith fiveof them inparticular: Igor Talankin, Andrei Khrzhanovsky, Alexander Mitta, Larisa Shepitko and Elem Klimov. Dixon concludes with a complete listing of Schnittke's works, combining catalogues by Alexander Ivashkin and Schnittke's publisher Sikorski, as well as a very thorough bibliography. This book is a significant contribution to the newly burgeoning English-languageSchnittke literature. It is an invaluable reference source for both its consolidation of existing research and for Dixon's original work.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to widen some of the recent discussion which focusses on austerity being the driver for introducing continuous improvement (CI) methodologies, such as Lean and Six Sigma, into policing.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply over 80 years combined experience in policing and CI to analyse academic and practitioner literature to summarise the drivers for change and the progress of Lean and Six Sigma in policing and the UK Public Sector.

Findings
The paper concludes that there are significant gaps in the literature and while there are undoubted challenges, there are overlaps between the strategic direction of policing and the approaches of Lean and Six Sigma.

Research limitations/implications
There are a small but growing number of papers which evidence the applicability of Lean and Six Sigma in policing.

Practical implications
The paper emphasises the risks to service delivery if factors such as budget constraints are considered in isolation. The paper provides examples of opportunities which may exist in policing as well as introducing ongoing work in policing.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first to explore the issues of how CI methodologies fit into the strategic direction and challenges of policing services.


We define the universal sl3 –link homology, which depends on 3 parameters, following Khovanov's approach with foams. We show that this 3–parameter link homology, when taken with complex coefficients, can be divided into 3 isomorphism classes. The first class is the one to which Khovanov's original sl3 –link homology belongs, the second is the one studied by Gornik in the context of matrix factorizations and the last one is new. Following an approach similar to Gornik's we show that this new link homology can be described in terms of Khovanov's original sl2 –link homology.


Jinan is famous for its karst groundwater and is called spring city with its sweet water. However,at the same time of the urbanization bring economic prosperity to our city and it also brought pollution to our environment as well. To find out the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the karst groundwater,the Lead was selected as the representative element research object and164 samples of karst groundwater are analyzed in the study area. Through the analysis of karst groundwater in Lead content the author found that the Lead content is not only related to the spatial distribution regularities but also associated with industrial wastewater and waste residue discharge and also has correlation relationship with other Elements. To provided the scientific basis for prevention and control of karst water environment pollution.,the article further analyzes the sources of pollution.


The article analyzes the dangers of scientific and technological progress for society, it is argued that the relativization of moral values in modern society has its source in relation to man as an object, which leads to primitivization and disintegration of the individual. The attitude to another culture as an object for colonization also contributes to the moral degradation of society. The article draws a distinction between a moral and a civilized person, criticizes the theoretical foundations of the concepts of posthumanism, transhumanism, radical constructivism and constructive alternativeism from the standpoint of the concept of moral values as a manifestation of the substantiality of the individual and mass consciousness in general. The moral sphere is considered in the article as a manifestation of the substantiality of human consciousness, the image of the world based on the relationship to the Other as a subject. The article discusses the process of formation of the moral sphere of society as the basis of the image of the world, a manifestation of the substantiality of human consciousness, its irreducibility to schemes and attitudes imposed within the framework of private interests. As examples of the attitude to moral values as a criterion of the substantiality of human consciousness, the legend of the Grand Inquisitor in the novel by F. Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov", the understanding of humanitarian values in the novel by Yu. Dombrovsky "Faculty of unnecessary things", as well as the concept of the categorical imperative by I. Kant are given.


The invention relates to a grading device in a production line, in particular to a seesaw type grading mechanism. The seesaw type grading mechanism comprises a connecting plate, supporting blocks and a seesaw, wherein the inner side of the connecting plate is fixedly installed on the outer side face of a material path, the supporting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer side of the connecting plate, and the middle of the seesaw is installed on the supporting blocks. When one end of the seesaw is close to the outer side of the connecting plate, the other end of the seesaw is relatively away from the outer side of the connecting plate, a stopping block capable of stopping forward movements of parts to be machined is further arranged at the upper portions of the two ends of the connecting plate respectively, and the two stopping blocks are respectively connected with the two ends of the seesaw. The seesaw type grading mechanism adopts the design concept of the seesaw, applies the design concept to control movements of the two stopping blocks and is simple in structure and ingenious in design, one stopping block is forward, and the other stopping block is backward.


A simple and eco-friendly method, also called the green synthesis, for preparation of starch-capped CdSe quantum dots in aqueous phase at room temperature has been reported in this work. The Se powder, cadmium chloride, and starch were used as the selenium precursors, cadmium precursors, and capping agent, respectively. The appearance of a red color in mixture is the indication of formation of CdSe particles in nanometer size. The physical and optical properties of as-synthesized starch-capped CdSe quantum dots were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, UVvisible spectroscopy, and fluorescent spectroscopy. The starch-capped CdSe quantum dots were found to be monodispersed and spherical particles with diameter about of 4.3 nm. The crystallinity with cubic phase is evidenced by clear diffraction peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern corresponding to the (111), (220), and (311) planes. The emission maximum of the starch-capped CdSe quantum dots was 569 nm, green region, in water with excitation wavelength at 450 nm. It showed that the particles synthesized by this present method exhibited quantum confinement effect. This method may be therefore applied for preparation of other selenides semiconductor nanoparticles.


This paper presents the results of the study on morphological variability of leaves of a scattered tree species Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) in Poland. The leaves from short- and long shoots were collected from 17 localities widespread within the range of the species in Poland. Leaves were measured according to 15 morphological traits. The biometric data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in attempt to define variability between local populations. Most of the leaf traits are significantly correlated and are characterised by moderate level of variation. The average among population component of variation was 32.82% and 27.46% for leaves on short- and long shoots, respectively. The differences between sampled populations are significant, but only a weak geographical pattern of this differentiation was detected. Clinal type of variation was ascertained in two traits. Leaf traits which discriminate best the studied populations are also indicated. It was proved that leaves on short shoots differ markedly in shape and size from those of long shoots. Leaves on long shoots are steadier, but morphological trait values are less correlated. The study also confirmed the occurrence of individuals with leaves characteristic for S. torminalis var. perincisa Borbas et Feck and S. torminalis f. mollis Beck in a few Polish populations.


The invention provides a rotary type automatic spraying drier, which comprises a frame, as well as a feeding mechanism, a spraying system, a drying system, a receiving mechanism and a microcomputer control system which are arranged on the frame in sequence, wherein a spraying conveying belt of the spraying system accurately and evenly sprays a sprayed object through an automatic spraying pistol which rotates along the central rotating shaft; and a drying conveying belt continuously conveys the sprayed object to pass through a drying case which is provided with a drying area and a cooling area in time with even spraying, quick drying and low discharging temperature. Each drive mechanism is intensively controlled by a microcomputer data processing center CPU of the control system, so the rotary type automatic spraying drier has the advantages of high automation degree, great improvement of work efficiency, accurate spraying, paint conservation and cost reduction.


The study focuses on two components of total poverty: chronic and transient poverty and made an investigation of their relative importance in total observed poverty, as well as the determinants of each component. We found that the transient poverty account for large proportion of total poverty observed in the poor rural area of China. By analyzing the determinants to two types of poverty, we found demographic characteristics of households, such as age of the head of households, family sizes, the labour's proportion in the number of family numbers, and educational level of the head of the households are very important to the poverty status of households. These factors matter more to chronic poverty than transient poverty, and have greater impacts on the poverty measured by consumption than that measured by income. Besides the demographic factors of households, other households' factors, like physical stocks, the composition of income and the amount of cultivated lands, also have significant effects on both chronic and transient poverty. It is also confirmed that change in cash holding and saving and borrowing grain are used by rural households to smooth their consumption. Attributes of community where the households reside are important to poverty. With very few exceptions, we did not find that poverty program have significant impact on poverty reduction at the households level. We interpreted this as the poverty program benefiting more to the wealthy than to the poor in the poor area. The main reason for this could be poor targeting of poverty program. 1 We gratefully acknowledge comments from John Cockburn, Jean-Yves Duclos, Stephen McGurk, Basanta Pradhan, Lucas Ronconi, Chris Scott, Xiuqing Wang, and other participants of PEP General Meetings. The work was carried out with the aid of a grant from Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network, financed by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). All errors remained are those of author's.


Abstract Rats were exposed to 6 hours of hypoxia (0.40 or 0.45 atmospheres of air) starting at 1, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours after bilateral nephrectomy. A progressive decline in erythropoietin (Ep) levels was observed in the plasma of male animals beginning hypoxia at 1, 6, or 12 hours after nephrectomy, while no activity was detected when hypoxia started 18 or 24 hours after the operation. Intravenous administration of the renal erythropoietic factor (REF) in male rats 18 hours after nephrectomy restored their Ep response to hypoxia to the level of animals exposed to the same hypoxic stimulus starting 1 hour after the operation. It is, therefore, postulated that a decrease in REF activity might be responsible for the decline of the Ep response to hypoxia following nephrectomy. Moreover, male rats were nephrectomized 18 hours after ureter ligation or sham operation. Both groups were subsequently exposed to 6 hours of hypoxia. No significant difference in Ep levels was detected in the plasmas of ureter-ligated and sham-operated animals. These experiments suggest that progression of uremia might not represent the main cause of decrease in the Ep response to hypoxia following nephrectomy.


A novel twofold interpenetrating three-dimensional mixed-valence copper coordination polymer {[CuI2CuII(adtp)(bpy)2]·4H2O}n (1) and a two-dimensional divalence copper layer structure {[CuII4(adtp)2(bpy)3(H2O)2]·3DMF·13H2O}n (2) were solvothermally synthesized from an identical starting mixture at different temperatures. Temperature-control over the structural transformation from 2 to 1 has been studied in detail. Lower temperatures at 65–80 °C favor the formation of 2, while higher temperature at 85 °C prefers to produce 1. Complex 2 in mother solution at 85 °C will completely transform into 1, concomitant with the reduction of some of the Cu2+ ions over 48 h. TG and magnetic properties of the two complexes are all measured and discussed in detail.


According to the present invention, when the mobile station starts to establish a connection, based on calculation of a management channel of the mobile radio communication network, the synchronization of the mobile station. Mobile station on a frequency band of the home base station, transmits a signal including a mobile station dedicated to the first sign of the home base station, the received signal is calculated and a home base station. When the second flag is consistent with the first recording mark of the home base station performs a connection is established between the mobile station and the home base station.


The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of pupil participation from the perspective of psychological wellbeing through analysing school policy discourse related to the reformation of the Swedish upper secondary school in 2011 (Gy11) and interviews with Swedish upper secondary school counsellors. Participatory learning is part of a new educational paradigm and coincides with Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the child's right to be heard. The welfare and rights of children are profound parts of the Swedish educational agenda but recent developments indicate a deterioration in the psychological wellbeing amongst Swedish adolescents. By conducting a Foucauldian discourse analysis and qualitative interviews with school counsellors in the Swedish upper secondary school and extending the Job-Demand-Control model by Karasek and Theorell with the Foucauldian concept of disciplinary power, the author suggests that active participatory learning approaches and the language they entail may be productive in terms of constructing responsible and active citizens. Pupil participation does, however, also involve aspects of demoralisation and strain through self-regulating technologies and governmentality, which may cause a deterioration in perceived psychological wellbeing. (Less)


Transmission and evolution of genetic transmitted diseases seem to be clearly associated with solar activity. This could be explained by the influence of geomagnetic variations in intercellular communication through sodium-potassium pump, affecting both neural network activity and development and the replication of mitochondrial DNA. The causal mechanism would be the interference of Schumman resonance intensity oscillation on suprachiasmatic nucleus cells communication and subsequent alterations of melatonin/serotonin secretion and/or balance. Extremely Low Frequencies implicated could not only be the determinant for the disease transmission and development but a key element of new therapies and prevention strategies. Keywords-component; ELF; Schumann Resonance; genetical disease; mental disorders; autism; geomagnetism; solar activity;


The purpose of this research is to know whether is the effect of cooperative learning model The Power of Two type towards result of studying mathematics student. The kind of this research is quasi experiment in which class applied cooperative learning model The Power of Two on 7th grade class of SMP N 1 Kepenuhan Hulu and class control was given conventional learning model. The technique taking sampling is sampling saturated technique. The Hypothesis testing used T-test. The result of calculation got tcount = 2,173 and ttable = 2,034. This show that tcount > ttable at 5% significane level.Thus there is the effect of cooperative learning model The Power of Two type toward result of studying mathematics student on 7th grade class of SMP N 1 Kepenuhan Hulu.


Thirty-five state plus the Federal Government have various forms of computer crime legislation on the books. These laws plus additional ones which are being added each year attempt to make computer related crime less attractive to individuals and groups who are willing to risk fines and imprisonment.


Due to the effect of the space charges, there is still a lack of effective methods to predict the corona effects of HVDC transmission line based on cage tests. This paper presents a method of using the corona cage to evaluate the radio interference of HVDC transmission lines. First, the condition under which the tests of a corona cage can be equivalent to those of an HVDC transmission line is discussed theoretically. It shows that the key is to make the electric-field distribution around the conductors in the corona cage the same as that around the transmission line. Then, a numerical approach and the Kaptzov's assumption are used to obtain the applied voltage on the conductors in a corona cage in order to set up the same electric-field distribution as that around the transmission line. Reduced-scale tests both in time domain and in frequency domain show that the method is effective. The method can also be extended to investigate the dc corona and its other effects based on cage tests.


Explore the jungle without leaving your home. Eleanor de Bruin shares three activities that will stimulate your children's memory, creativity, fine motor skills and mathematic abilities.


In this paper, voltage fluctuation and stability analysis of critical buses was performed using multiple indexes to power system with wind farm connected. Considering the intermittency and randomness of wind speed, this paper constructed three voltage fluctuation indexes according to the characteristic of voltage random distribution. Bus voltage stability index was also calculated with the help of PV and QV curves in the paper. The simulation analysis performed in the DIgSILENT/PowerFactory basing on three machines nine nodes system with double-fed wind farm was carried out to reveal the impacts of wind generation uncertainty on voltage fluctuation and stability.


This study examines participants' perceptions of four different male and female parent groups (married, divorced, step and never-married parents) and, as a comparison group, of men and women in general. Using an independent groups design, in which participants made estimations of the percentage of a single specified group possessing particular characteristics, it is found that perceptions of married parents tend to be more positive than perceptions of other groups. The never-married tend to be viewed least positively. Overall, perceptions of mothers are typically more favourable than those of fathers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The cryopreservation time of semen was studied in diploid(2n) and triploid rainbow trout(Oncorhunchyus mykiss) at 4 ℃.The results showed that the sperm motility and life span were decreased with the preservation time prolongation.The sperm lost rapid motility after 5 d reservation in group 2n,after 4.5 d reservation in group 3n-HD and after 12.5d reservation in 3n-LD.and was died after 7 d reservation in group 2 n,after 15 d reservation in group 3n-HD and after 14.5 d reservation in 3n-LD.At 4 ℃,the preservation time of semen in the triploid rainbow trout was found to be two times longer than that in the diploid rainbow trout,indicating that the semen of the triploid rainbow trout can be preserved for a short time at 4 ℃.


First the intuitive teaching methods was introduced,and then they were presented with examples the intuitive teaching methods used in teaching operations research:graphic method,tabular method and simulation method.Finally the considerations were concluded for applying the intuitive teaching methods in the operations research teaching.


Objective: To analyze the associated factors of surviving in patients with breast cancer undergone radical incision. Methods: Two hundred and forty-five cases with breast cancer were retrospectively joined this study. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression model were applied to evaluate the overall survive rate and the prognostic factors, respectively. Results: (1)The overall 1, 3 and 5 year survive rate are 94.80%,80.60% and 63.70%, respectively. (2)Preoperative clinical stages, number of metastatic lymphonodes in axillary area and radiation treatment are the main survive-related prognostic factors. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment are the key points to enhance the survive rate.


As the semiconductor technology keeps scaling down, failure analysis faces more complicated challenges in failure root cause identification. Conventional failure analysis may not effective in solving issue which implantation related. In some cases, electrical analysis and evidence can serve as an alternate and easier way for defect identification and subsequent root cause understanding. In this paper, an implantation related case was analyzed by electrical nanoprobing analysis. Defective location and subsequent implantation step was successfully isolated through detail electrical analysis and accurate data interpretation


The vision of "The self explaining and forgiving road" is a new way of thinking in planning and designing road infrastructure. Design of roads must focus on simplicity and clearness instead of complexity and ambiguity. Whatever we do about design - including use of information technology - with the aim to help the road users to manage traffic situations in a safe manner - road users will make mistakes and accidents will occur. The higher the speed the more serious the consequences will be from making mistakes in traffic. A major part of the road safety problem in Denmark is related to rural roads. More than two- thirds of the fatalities and 46 per cent of all casualties in Danish traffic are on rural roads and high speed is a fundamental factor. This paper covers the development of speed management methods for use in rural areas initiated by the Danish Road Directorate. Ideas have been collected from national and European traffic experts and practitioners and a catalogue of ideas for speed management measures for use in rural areas produced. Some of the ideas from the catalogue have been selected for implementation. Evaluation results and experiences will be used for developing new road design standards for rural areas.


Synopsis: In 2008 the Commission issued its Revised Policy Statement on Enforcement to address concerns that practitioners and the regulated community had about the Commission's enforcement process. The Commission promised to "ensur[e] the fairness of [the] investigatory process from the commencement of an investigation until the time it is completed, [and] . . . to ensure that the subjects of an investigation receive due process both in perception and reality."1 The Commission has taken several steps to deliver on those promises. Unfortunately, in practice, many of those promises have not been kept. And, while most members of the regulated community and practitioners within the energy bar are reluctant to say so publicly, there is a wide-spread view that the FERC enforcement process has become lop-sided and unfair.In 2010 we suggested some modest reforms to address key due process concerns exposed by the Commission's enforcement proceedings in Amaranth Advisors, Energy Transfer Partners, and Oasis Pipeline. It was our hope then that by adopting those reforms the Commission would be able to further its stated goals of ensuring fairness and due process. But, even though the Commission formally adopted some of our suggestions and has also adopted other changes to its processes, the Commission's implementation of the enforcement process has resulted in more serious fundamental due process and substantive concerns. This article highlights those concerns and proposes common sense reforms that, if implemented, should help alleviate potential harm to the markets regulated by the FERC and ensure that the FERC's promises of fairness and due process are realized in both perception and reality.I. INTRODUCTIONOver the last few years a wide-spread perception has formed among members of the regulated community and the energy bar that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC or the Commission) enforcement process has become lop-sided and unfair. That perception has been informed and fostered by the Commission's enforcement actions and its public pronouncements. When the Commission states that the staff of the Office of Enforcement (Enforcement Staff) is "under no obligation to provide any response" to the "legal and factual arguments" raised by investigation subjects, it suggests that the Commission is not concerned with "ensur[ing] that the subjects of an investigation receive due process both in perception and reality."2 The Commission reinforces this perception when it claims that subjects of investigations receive due process because they are entitled to "submit documents [and] statements of fact[]" to explain their "position or furnish[] evidence" but then simultaneously denies subjects of investigations any discovery rights, including access to relevant witnesses, and comparable access to the ultimate administrative decision makers-the Commission itself-that Enforcement Staff has throughout the investigatory process.3 And, if there was any doubt that the process is off-kilter, one needs only to observe the fact that Enforcement Staff denies, in case after case, the existence of exculpatory or exonerating materials, only to belatedly produce a subset of those materials too late in the process to be of use to subjects in raising defenses or presenting their case to the Commission.4By denying subjects of investigations even remotely comparable access to the Commission and any reasonable discovery rights, including production of Brady materials, the Commission has effectively barred investigation subjects from obtaining the documents, data, and testimony that they need to present their defenses to the Commission and from having those defenses fairly heard and considered. Even when an investigation subject does raise defenses during the Commission's rule 1b.19 process, which is modeled on and in many ways similar to the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) "Wells Process,"5 the Commission's current ex parte rules grant Enforcement Staff, in its prosecutorial function, unfettered access to the Commission to present and hone their case-access that subjects are denied. …


Kudaka and Matsumoto derive the uncertainty relation c2ΔmΔτ≈h between the proper time τ and rest mass m of a material particle by adopting for the description of the particle the Lagrangian L=M(τ−c−1−gμνẋμẋν)+eAμ(x)ẋμ, defined on the enlarged space (xμ,τ,M), where M is an additional dynamical variable. A key step in the derivation of their uncertainty relation is the identification of the variable M with the rest mass m. Adopting the point of view of variational analysis, we show that such an identification goes against the relativistic requirement of the path dependence of proper time.


The kinetics of the oxidation of cysteine by 1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1,2-benziodoxole were studied in buffered solutions at pH 6.8, 7.2, 7.6, and 8.0 by means of a rapid stop flow system. The second-order rate constants obtained were 50 moles/1. sec, 150 moles/1. sec., 835 moles/1. sec., and 1175 moles/1. sec., respectively. One or more reactive intermediates are postulated and their possible structure and the mechanisms involved are discussed, involving the intermediate formation of an (unstable) iodine-sulfur bond.


. Due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, university education was adapted to virtual teaching, which has allowed teachers to teach and interact in their classes and carry out their academic activities from their homes, so the university campuses of the universities of Peru were abandoned, with minimal maintenance tasks, especially in gardens. With the gradual return to face-to-face activities, it is necessary to


Through studying on history literature, the author analyzes the distribution, biological character and sociological factors of human race in the world, discusses how the difference of human race influence on sports performance.


ABSTRACT Existing theoretical models of house prices and credit rely on continuous rationality of consumers, an assumption that has been frequently questioned in recent years. Meanwhile, empirical investigations of the relationship between prices and credit are often based on national-level data, which is then tested for structural breaks and asymmetric responses, usually with subsamples. Earlier author argues that local markets are structurally different from one another and so the coefficients of any estimated housing market model should vary from region to region. We investigate differences in the price–credit relationship for 12 regions of the UK. Markov-switching is introduced to capture asymmetric market behaviours and turning points. Results show that credit abundance had a large impact on house prices in Greater London and nearby regions alongside a strong positive feedback effect from past house price movements. This impact is even larger in Greater London and the South East of England when house prices are falling, which are the only instances where the credit effect is more prominent than the positive feedback effect. A strong positive feedback effect from past lending activity is also present in the loan dynamics. Furthermore, bubble probabilities extracted using a discrete Kalman filter neatly capture market turning points.


This study has the church musician and composer Willem Vogel as a point of reference. His life and works reflect the developments in Dutch Protestant liturgical music in the second half of the twentieth century. Conversely, he himself partly determined the course of these developments through his work as a practicing church musician, his involvement in church music policy in the Dutch Reformed Church in particular, and above all through the relentless stream of compositions with which he enriched Dutch Protestant liturgical music for sixty years. The question of the influence of Vogel's work on the sound idiom of Dutch Protestant liturgical music is central to this research. Archival and literature research are the most important methodological pillars of this research.
The dissertation is divided into six chapters. The first three are devoted to Willem Vogel's biography, to the development of his thinking on liturgical music and to the gradually changing sound idiom of his compositions. Chapter four describes Willem Vogel's complete oeuvre: its structure, composition, characteristics and focal points. Subsequently, a part of that oeuvre, the stanza melodies, is musically analyzed in chapter five. This analysis visualizes the typical properties of the sound idiom of Willem Vogel's compositions. The sixth and final chapter is dedicated to the place of Willem Vogel's work in the broader context of both Dutch Protestant liturgical music and social and cultural developments in the second half of the twentieth century.
It is mainly the quantity of Vogel's work – his extensive oeuvre, his important policy influence and his long working life – that has had a qualitative influence on the sound idiom of Dutch Protestant liturgical music. In the interplay between rhythm, melody and harmony, the melody is central to Vogel's work. The harmony arises from the melodic course and the rhythm often has a structuring function. However, it is mainly the close relationship between word and tone that characterizes Vogel's music and in which he asserts his idiomatic influence. Finally, the influence of Willem Vogel's work can be seen in the attunement of his sound language to the specific Dutch church music situation in which music practice by amateurs is leading: in the construction of simple singing styles with small melodic elements.


Drought stress as the most important abiotic factor for limiting growth, adversely affects crop growth and production. In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizers on sesame genotypes yield under drought stress, an experiment was conducted based on split-split plots experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, shahid Bahonar University. Treatments included as follow: irrigation base on water evaporation from pan with three levels (50, 90, 130 mm) in the main plots and two types of fertilizers namely nitrazhin and phosphate 2 as two sub treatments and three cultivars: Sirjan, Birjand and Jiroft as sub sub-treatment randomly assigned to subplots The results showed that drought stress caused a significant reduction in the yield of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, biological yield, yield and oil content. The effect of fertilizer on leaf number was significant at 1% level and nitrazine fertilizer had the greatest effect. There was a significant difference in the number of capsules or oil percent between varieties. The maximum performance (7.732 kg/ha) was due to primary stress (50 mm evaporation) and Sirjan cultivar. There is a significant interaction between fertilizer and stress and Nitrazhin fertilizer can reduce the effect of stress on the number of capsules.


The aim of this paper is to describe a method of filter bank realization using the switched capacitor (SC) technique. The analysis of steps needed for this realization is performed. The correct solution requires the IIR filter bank synthesis followed by the conversion to SC circuits. Due to simplicity only the two-channel filter bank is used. The main points of the whole design procedure and key recommendations for the realization are given. The complete design of SC circuits was performed by PraCAn package in Maple program and resulted circuit structures were simulated in WinSpice. The obtained results are in agreement with theoretical derivations


saturation group. It is known that SGA infants have higher mortality and worse outcomes compared with AGA infants of the same gestation.3 Furthermore, growth restriction has been shown to increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension in the setting of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.4-6 These reports mirror our finding of bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a leading mortality cause in the SGA cohort. We view these analyses as hypothesis generating. These results must be confirmed in other oxygen targetting studies. An important opportunity to do this is in the planned Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis, which includes data from 4800 infants with a prespecified analysis by growth status. We speculate that SGA infants may experience hypoxia in utero that destabilizes respiratory control or affects pulmonary vascular resistance, increasing vulnerability to lower saturation targets.


Diperoxyalkanedioic acids and aromatic peroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting a dialkanoic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid and then producing a desensitizing agent for the peracid in situ by adding alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal aluminate or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide so that the filtrate is free of sulfuric acid. The resulting salt coats the peracid and the product is desensitized and stable in storage.


The 12‐lipoxygenase (LO) enzyme has been implicated in playing a role in pancreatic beta cell inflammatory damage and atherosclerosis. 12‐LO reacts with fatty acids to form hydroperoxides which may alter cellular growth. In this study we investigated the direct effect of mouse leukocyte type 12‐LO cDNA overexpression on apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cells that also stably overexpress the angiotensin II type 1a receptor. CHO‐AT1a cells expressing background levels of 12‐LO exhibited clear increases in growth in response to angiotensin II. In contrast, the new 12‐LO transfected cells (CHO‐AT1a/ML12‐LO cells) displayed reduced basal and angiotensin Il‐induced growth compared to CHO‐AT1a cells. Furthermore, serum‐deprivation resulted in a significantly greater number of non‐viable cells in clones having the greatest magnitude of 12‐LO overexpression. These results suggested that reduction of the proliferation rate of CHO‐AT1a/ML12‐LO cells was due to an increasing rate of cell death. To determine whether the increase in cell death was due to apoptosis, we evaluated nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell morphologic changes, and activation of caspase‐3. Cells overexpressing 12‐LO cDNA displayed all these changes characteristic of apoptosis. In addition the 12‐LO product, 12‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HPETE), directly induced apoptosis in CHO‐AT1a cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that 12‐LO activation can lead to apoptosis in fibroblasts, suggesting a role of 12‐LO in leading to inflammatory mediated cellular damage. J. Cell. Physiol. 186:357–365, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Electronic energy bands of FCC Rh have been calculated by the KKR method for a wide range of energy and a large number of k points inside the Brillouin zone. The structure constants required for the band structure calculation have been evaluated for a large number of axes inside the Brillouin zone by the improved method of polynomial fitting proposed by Segall and Yang (1980). The authors have used a l-dependent muffin-tin constant to obtain the correct position of the d bands, and from the band structure so obtained, the density of states and epsilon 2 spectra for Rh are also calculated. The agreement of such calculations with the latest experimental results of Weaver et al. (1977) is excellent.


The aim of this article tend to describe how constitution shapes constitutional democracy. There are two general framework. first, placing constitutional court position on the instalation of constitutional democracy as higher law institution of which the function is to interpret constitution. Second, providing institutional design to relate political and legal institutions within constitutional system.


PVDF samples with high {3 content (80%), prepolar~ed Ilt room temperature, are heated to higher temperaturea. The poleruation is mealure d first under open circuit conditions at the high temperature and then after cooling down again to room temperature. For deV8.ted temperatures up to ITS'C the polarb:ation is reduced to 2% of the original value, yet recoven roughly to 8% of the original value after cooling down to room temperature. In contrast to this when heating the film. to lSO' C, a s ignificantly different behavior is observedz In cooling down to room temperature again the polar~ation returns from .... 1% et 180'C to - 40% of the original prepoleriled velue.


We present a model-order-reduction approach to simulation-based classification, with particular application to structural health monitoring. The approach exploits (1) synthetic results obtained by repeated solution of a parametrized mathematical model for different values of the parameters, (2) machine-learning algorithms to generate a classifier that monitors the damage state of the system, and (3) a reduced basis method to reduce the computational burden associated with the model evaluations. Furthermore, we propose a mathematical formulation which integrates the partial differential equation model within the classification framework and clarifies the influence of model error on classification performance. We illustrate our approach and we demonstrate its effectiveness through the vehicle of a particular physical companion experiment, a harmonically excited microtruss.


The permanent magic power of Song Ci is closely related to the various images.In a great number of works,the authors apply the idea of moon,parasol tree,dusk,grass and dream into practice to constitute the colorful and meaningful ideas.This approach attains an excellent art effect.


This volume addresses a number of philosophical problems that arise in consideration of the century-old conflict between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs. Consisting of essays by fifteen contributors (including both Israeli and Palestinian philosophers) and a lengthy introduction by the editor, it deals with rights to land, sovereignity, self-determination, the existence and legitimacy of states, cultural prejudice, national identity, intercommunal violence, and religious intransigence.


Objective To explore a treatment strategy for improving adolescent anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding complicated with kidney-qi deficiency syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with adolescent anovulatory disfunctional uterine bleeding complicated with kidney-qi deficiency syndrome were averagely randomized into treatment group and control group.At the beginning,patients in both groups were treated with estrogen and progestogen to stop bleeding.From the next menstrual cycle,patients in the treatment group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney and adjusting menstrual cycle combined with low-dose estrogen and progestogen;while patients in the control group were treated with Chinese patent medicines(including E Jiao Danggui Oral Liquid and You Gui Capsules) and low-dose estrogen and progestogen.Patients in both groups were continuously treated for three menstrual cycles.The composite therapeutic effects,the therapeutic effects of main diagnostic indicators(including menstrual conditions and basal body temperature),and the therapeutic effects of kidney-qi deficiency syndrome were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The composite therapeutic effects,the therapeutic effects of main diagnostic indicators,and the therapeutic effects of kidney-qi deficiency syndrome in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group(P0.05).At the end of 3rd treatment course,the scores of disease grading and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group.There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups.Conclusion The therapy of tonifying kidney and adjusting menstrual cycle,if combined with low-dose sex hormones,can improve the therapeutic effects of adolescent anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding complicated with kidney-qi deficiency syndrome.


The features of clinical course of localized and generalized forms of herpetic infection, caused by Herpes Simplex virus types I and ІІ in 100 patients on the different stages of HIV infection were studied. It was established that localized forms of herpetic infection labial and genital herpes – are characteristic only for patients in I the ІІ stages of HIV infection. They differ from analogical forms in patients without HIV infection by more severe course, recurrent character, and erosion – ulcer elements of rash which spreads on nearby anatomic areas. Visceral and generalized forms of herpetic infection, which indicate the expressed immunosuppression, are characteristic for the AIDS stage of HIV infection. They manifestated by erosion – ulcer ezofagitis, proctitis, pneumonia, encephalitis which was direct reason of such patients death. Localized forms of herpetic infectionlabial and genital herpes – with erosive and ulcerative lesions, dissemination and duration more than 1month should be considered as AIDS indicative disease.


Objective
To explore the effect intrauterine injection of sodium hyaluronate, estradiol valerate, and progesterone on readhesion after intrauterine adhesion.

Methods
86 patients with adhesion surgically treated under hysteroscope at our hospital from March, 2017 to October, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and were divided into a control group and an observation group according to different treatment schemes, 43 for each group. The control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate, and the observation group with sodium hyaluronate, estradiol valerate, and progesterone. The conditions of uterine cavity adhesion, the menstruation amount, the menstruation duration, and the readhesion after operation were compared between the two groups.

Results
After the treatment, the AFS score in the observation group was (0.83 ±0.65), which was lower than that in the control group (1.23 ±0.71), with a statistical difference (P<0.05). The menstrual volume in the observation group (40.21±3.98) ml, was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.36 ±4.09) ml (P<0.05). The menstrual duration in the observation group was (5.21±1.12) days, which was significantly longer than that in the control group (4.43±1.16) days (P<0.05). The postoperative readhesion rate was 2.33% in the observation group, which was lower than that in the control group (16.28%, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The combination of sodium hyaluronate, estradiol valerate, and progesterone can effectively relieve the adhesion degree of uterine cavity, improve the amount of menstruation and menorrhoea, and be helpful for the prevention of readhesion after operation.

Key words:
Readhesion after intrauterine adhesion; Sodium hyaluronate; Estradiol valerate; Progesterone


The main objective of this paper is to find sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of common best proximity points for discontinuous non-self mappings in the setting of a complete metric space. We introduce and analyze new concepts such as proximally reciprocal continuous, proximally weak reciprocal continuous, R-proximally weak commuting of types $ M_{\Lambda} $ and $ M_{\Gamma} $ for non-self mappings. Furthermore, we obtain a common best proximity point theorem for such mappings. In addition, we provide an example to support our main result.


RODER Talt & Evenemang AB has a very strong position on the Swedich tentmarket for larger events. The market is overheated during the few months of the summer and practically dead during the rest o ...


In Part 1, guided ion beam mass spectroscopy is used to study the ion-molecule reactions O{sup +}({sup 4}S) + H{sub 2}(D{sub 2}, HD), (O{sup +}{sup 4}S) + N{sub 2}, C{sup +}({sup 2}P) + O{sub 2} and C{sup +}(P) + N{sub 2}. Integral reaction cross sections are measured as a function of kinetic energy in the center-of-mass frame. Reaction mechanisms and dynamics are examined, and the results are compared to the predictions of phase space theory. In some cases, thermochemistry for neutral and ionic species is derived. In Part 2, photoabsorption cross sections are measured for peroxydisulfuryl difluoride, (FSO{sub 3}){sub 2}, and the fluorosulfate radical, FSO{sub 3}. Photoabsorption cross sections of nitrosyl fluoride, FNO, are also measured, and the FNO absorption spectrum is analyzed and assigned. Spectral results for FNO are compared to the predictions and ab initio calculations and to those obtained for the isoelectronic compound HONO. 259 refs., 34 figs., 9 tabs.


summaRy Approximately 80% the cases of facial paralysis have an idiopathic origin, and have been generally temporary and with spontaneous solution. The frequency of facial paralysis caused by parotid tumors is very low. In such situation, a clinically evident tumor is the rule. Occult parotid tumor is a rare entity and all cases already published have as a common characteristic lack of precocious diagnosis and frequently unsuitable therapeutic conducts. The knowledge of this rare manifestation can avoid disastrous mistakes in the diagnostic and therapeutic conducts. It is reported here a rare case of facial paralysis caused by occult malignant neoplasm of the parotid that only became evident after 6 years of evolution, and during this period the patient received an erroneous diagnosis of paralysis of Bell.


Background: Food insecurity is a public health concern and a key social determinant of health. It is closely linked to poverty and adversely associated with the physical and mental health especially children. Aim of the study: To assess household food insecurity (HFI) and its association with negative impacts on children in rural Minia. Research methodology: Children (n=497) aged 24–59 months were recruited in a community-based cross-sectional survey. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and anthropometry were administered. Results: Nearly 70% of households were food insecure. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children were 19.1%, 1.6%, and 1.8%, respectively. By logistic regression analysis, income, socioeconomic status and family size predicted HFI. Conclusion: The findings revealed a high HFI prevalence (69.6%) that was associated with poor income and lower socioeconomic status. HFI was associated with stunting. Recommendations: The study highlights the need for policies and public health interventions to decrease poverty and programs for screening and addressing food insecurity.


The paper studied how the single factors affect diosgenin yield.The factors were of material diameter,temperature and time in fermentation,and acid concentration and time in hydrolysis.On the basis of single factor experiment,the optimum technology extracting diosgenin from the rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberens were found.An orthogonal test table L_9(3~4) was used with the factors of fermentation time,acid concentratio and time of hydrolysis.The extracting rate of diosgenin was the indication in orthogonal test.The optimum technological condition was material diameter ≤1 mm,fermentation temperature 40℃,fermentation time 24 h,acid concentration 3 mol/L,acid hydrolysis time 4 h.


Flexible transparent antennas have broad potential applications in wireless communication and RF energy harvesting, providing visualization, small size, and integration functions for electronic devices. The use of optically transparent materials is an essential direction in the development of flexible transparent antennas. In this paper, a flexible and transparent antenna is designed by indium tin oxide material and photolithography process, which is suitable for wideband communication field. The broadband characteristics of the antenna are realized by using irregular slots and rectangular microstrip lines on the ground plane. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 1.73–20 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 168%, which is suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna has a compact structure and the relative size of 0.33 λ 0 × 0.28 λ 0. The measured results of the antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results, and the bending and folding tests show that the antenna has good mechanical flexibility and can cover the surface of irregular objects. This pliers-shaped antenna is applicable to a variety of UWB and wireless applications, such as LTE, Wi Max, 5G network, IoT, WIFI, mobile phone keys, and mobile payment.


An overview is given of a distributed object-oriented operating system project called the Raven project. The Raven operating system is intended for use in a variety of applications, such as office systems and control systems. It is intended to work as a high-speed, fault-tolerant system. Raven includes both a programming language and an operating system. Raven is object-oriented in that it supports multiple inherited types. It is fault tolerant in that it supports persistent objects, recoverable objects, and atomic transactions. The major emphasis of the work is the overall design of the language and system, distributed configuration management, distributed single-level object store, RAM-based high-speed transaction management, and object-based parallel communication. All of these areas of work are being developed within the context of autonomous administration domains.<<ETX>>


Abstract: Within the family of nanomaterials, the silver-based nanotechnology has the highest degree of commercialization in the medical and consumer product markets. This chapter first discusses historical and present applications for silver as an antimicrobial agent, explaining the molecular basis for its efficacy. Different techniques to fabricate nanoparticles and silver-based nanocomposites are reviewed, emphasizing all of the factors which govern their potential. Finally, application of silver technology to foodstuffs is discussed, taking into consideration regulatory issues and future perspectives.


Let U denote the unit disc in the complex plane. If z and w are different com plex numbers, we denote by A(z,w) the half-line A(z,w) = {z + p (w -z):p> 0} and A(w) = A(0,w). LeMma 1. Suppose that f is an analytic function on the unit disc U, / ( 0) = 0 and | / ' ( 0 ) |> 1 . Then there is an absolute constant s such that for every 9 e R there exists a point w on the half-line A0 = A(0,e'e) = (pe'e : p > 0} which belongs to f (U) such that \ w | > 2s. Since an analytic function is a quasiregular harmonic mapping, Lemma 1 is a special case of Theorem 1 (the main result below). The example f n(z) = -^(enz -1) shows that ~ £ / " ( C ) (for a fixed positive


In this paper some approximate estimators for obtaining the fluence at a point in Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations are presented and compared with the commonly used next event estimator. These estimators do not require direct evaluation of the scattering probability using Legendre expansions of the differential angular cross sections. The estimators are particularly useful for Monte Carlo programs that sample scattering directions in the center-of-mass coordinate system.


Compared with public blockchain, consortium blockchain is more secure and controllable deployed in an enterprise scenario. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus is widely applied in consortium blockchain. Although PBFT is the most classic practical BFT consensus with message complexity O(n2), it still faces some security threats and has low consensus efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a secure and trusted BFT (S2BFT) consensus based on trusted committees. S2BFT generates a trusted anonymous number using trust execution environment (TEE) for each server node and selects committees by pseudo-random algorithm. S2BFT can efficiently reach consensus by the committees with an O(m*n) message complexity. In addition, correctness analysis proves that S2BFT can resist more attacks than traditional BFT consensus and tolerate 1/2 byzantine server nodes. Results further demonstrate the efficiency of the simulated S2BFT implementation.


Cable-stayed bridges are flexible structures, and control of their vibrations is an important consideration and a challenging problem. In this paper, the wavelet-hybrid feedback least mean squared algorithm recently developed by the writers is used for vibration control of cable-stayed bridges under various seismic excitations. The effectiveness of the algorithm is investigated through numerical simulation using a benchmark control problem created based on an actual semifan-type cable-stayed bridge design. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of a sample linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller using three different earthquake records: the El Centro (California, 1940), Mexico City (Mexico, 1985), and Gebze (Turkey, 1999) earthquakes. Simulation results demonstrate that the new algorithm is consistently more effective than the sample LQG controller for all three earthquake records. Additional numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the new control algorithm. It is concluded that the algorithm is robust against the uncertainties existing in modeling structures.


In a communication to the Journal of Mental Science,l the authors collaborated in a thesis setting forth the part played by morbid attention in the production of organic disorder following injury to a limb. The description of the cases was intended to show that the motor and sensory, vaso-motor and trophic disturbances could be explained only by taking into account the wider circuit of cerebral innervation in addition to the local damage to a limb and the more immediate dissolution of neural integration set up in the spinal cord as a result of injury. A limb when damaged, for example by fracture, if left to itself should, under proper treatment, recover in a short pei iod without serious after-effects. Even when there is concomitant damage to muscles, as there frequently is, this should not in the average case prejudice rapid recovery. Such damage when it does occur must give rise to abnormal volleys of impulses from the sensory end-organs in the muscles and other structures. But the spinal centres are, as a rule, sufficiently stable to deal with these and so obviate the'incidence of anomalous motor or sensory reactions. What happens in the limb during the pro-


Effective management for hypertension in renal diseases should be carried out according to the principles of 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension.The important role of kidney in the classification of hypertension,the corresponding therapy,the set of the target blood pressure,the choice of antihypertensive agents and combination therapy should be focused.Comprehensive approaches should be used for the treatment of hypertension in renal diseases to protect the target organs(including the kidney).Appropriate prevention and management strategies for hypertension in renal diseases should be disseminated and optimized.


This paper introduces a concept of autonomous blockchain based negotiation to select the most convenient electric vehicle charging station. The enabling blockchain technologies are well known fundament of cryptocurrencies, but offer many other possible applications areas, such as automated trusted machine-to-machine transactions, including auctions, bidding and payments. Compared to traditional centralized approaches, such a solution does not require any central entities and can be fully automated, including the payment for the energy. Based on e.g. the planned route, car battery status, real-time traffic information and drivers' preferences, a car could request charging bids from various charging stations along the route, by executing blockchain based smart contracts related to these charging stations. It would then select the most appropriate one based on offered prices, but other input parameters could be also taken into account, e.g. waiting times, estimated charging duration and alike. The smart contract execution could be extended to reservation and payment, too. In the paper we briefly present blockchain technologies, with the focus on Ethereum, and explain the role of smart contracts. We outline the architecture of a simple system for autonomous selection for electric vehicle charging station and provide a UML model to depict the activities of the actors involved in these operations and to clarify the role and the requirements of various blockchain related entities. The aim of our research paper is to outline a possible use-case for a blockchain prototype implementation. The implementation, which is not presented here, will serve for investigation of practical aspects of smart node development and operation, like transaction performance measurements, practical system requirement evaluations and comparison of reliability of various Ethereum clients. By our research we hope to support the investigation of novel applications and blending Internet of things with blockchain technologies, and in particular for elaboration of possible new use cases in the domain of electrical energy and mobility.


: Ongoing excavations at the Middle Bronze Age site of Erimi Laonin tou Porakou (Cyprus) have been revealing substantial evidence for textile production and clues of its economic impact and social implications to this prehistoric community. The analysis of the architecture and artefacts recovered in the workshop complex, in combination with archaeobotanical evidence, has allowed us to identify the presence of different textile activities, including dyeing. An additional textile data-set comes from coeval extra-mural funerary contexts pertaining to the Erimi settlement. As a key-site for understanding textile production during the Middle Cypriot period (MC), Erimi offers a privileged viewpoint on a large array of social dynamics connected to textile work. This paper will discuss the impact of textile production in the transmission of knowledge and expertise, and in the construction of the community mindset by applying the model of Communities of Practice (CoP) as a theoretical background.


The aim of the study is to obtain a Logistic Regression that can be used to classify the mode of delivery of pregnant women using some variables. Data from Health Records of 184 Pregnant women who delivered at the General Hospital, Wuse were used. The data consist of Mother's Weight, Height, Age and Baby's Weight, Baby's Gender and mode of delivery (Natural birth and Caesarian Section). In literature the author discovered that the discriminant analysis cannot handle mixed data (discrete and continuous data) effectively instead logistic regression better fit the data. The model correctly classified 65.8% original grouped cases with positive and negative predictive values 65.75% and 68.70% respectively, which are higher than values obtained under the discriminant analysis.


High-speed analog-to-digital converter is a special and critical electronic device.For measurement of dynamic parameters of the A/D converter,different methods are now available.In this paper,coherent sampling and window sampling are described.Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.


The diversity of species of gymnamoebae in a single sample from a rain-water pool in Bratislava (Slovakia) was investigated. To maximize the recovery of species, six enrichment cultivation media were used. A total of 12 taxa, representing five families and eight genera of Gymnamoebia, were recovered.


Social hierarchy is one of the structure of population in animals, and it is affected by mental strength. Although various systems in the brain and peripheral tissues have been reported to contribute to the formation of social hierarchy, it is poorly understood whether noradrenergic system, which plays an important role in the stress-related behavior, affects the maintenance of social hierarchy. In this study, we investigated the effect of propranolol, a β-blocker, which is clinically used for the treatment of anxiety disorder, on the maintenance of social hierarchy in mice. To evaluate the formation of social hierarchy, we performed the tube test. Eight-weeks old male C57BL/6J mice were housed in groups of 4 for 2 weeks before tube test. In test days, pairs of mice were released at two ends of a tube (30 cm in length, 3 cm in diameter) and met at the middle, and the mouse that retreated first from the tube was designated as loser. For a group of 4 mice, all 6 pairs of mice were daily tested with a round robin design and ranks were determined by winning percentage. At five days of tube test, we started intraperitoneal administration of propranolol (10 mg/kg) to 1 mouse (rank1, rank2, rank3 or rank4 mouse) out of 4 mice and also performed tube test for 5 consecutive days. Propranolol had no effect on the winning percentage of rank1, rank3, and rank4 mice. On the other hand, the winning percentage of each mouse in the group which received propranolol administration to rank2 mouse dynamically changed. We also found that daily administration of saline to each mouse did not change the social hierarchy. Noradrenergic system contributes to the maintenance of social hierarchy in mice, and rank2 mice are susceptible to the change in noradrenergic activity. These results provide an evidence for understanding the mechanism of pathological social behaviors.


The relevance of a nest of toroidal flux surfaces as a paradigm of the magnetic topology of a tokamak plasma is challenged. High resolution Thomson scattering measurements of electron temperature and density in RTP show several hot filaments in the plasma center and sharp gradients near the sawtooth inversion radius and structures outside the sawtooth region under central ECH. In ohmic plasmas, too, the pressure and temperature profiles show significant bumps. These measurements give evidence of a complex magnetic topology. Transport in a medium with spatially strongly varying diffusivity is considered. It is shown that macroscopic transport is determined by the microscopic structure: a transport theory must predict this structure and the diffusivity in the insulating regions, while the 'turbulent' diffusivity is irrelevant. A numerical approach to equilibria with broken surfaces is presented.


with troubled children. This acceptance is demonstrated by the increasing number of field training units in children's courts and by the practice of releasing members of the probation staff to complete their training in schools of social work. The more the student progresses in his recognition of the differences of approach within the common goal, the better he is able to further a positive working relationship with the legal profession on his client's behalf. When the student really understands the cultural similarities and differences of the various professions that carry responsibility in the court, it is easier for him to learn the differences and similarities that often exist between the cultural values that have shaped his own development and those that have influenced his clients. It


Oligonol is a novel catechin-rich biotechnology product. The role of oligonol in modulating intracellular signaling mechanisms was investigated with the view of demonstrating its potential chemopreventive effect and the ability to inhibit cell proliferation using the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 and the estrogen-unresponsive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Cell survival assay indicated that Oligonol was cytotoxic to both cells. Oligonol triggered apoptosis as revealed by the morphological features typical of nucleus staining and the accumulation of sub-G1 peak. Treatment with 25 μg/ml Oligonol resulted in an activation of caspase-7 and up-regulation of Bad on MCF-7 cells, while the Oligonol (20 μg/ml) induced up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein in a time–response manner on MDA-MB-231 cells. ERK1/2 in both cells were inactivated after Oligonol treatment in a time-dependent manner, and also inactivated upstream MEK1/2. Oligonol triggers apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells through the modulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and MEK/ERK signaling pathway.


Range scanning, manual 3D editing, and other modeling approaches can provide information about the geometry of surfaces in the form of either 3D positions (e.g., triangle meshes or range images) or orientations (normal maps or bump maps). We present an algorithm that combines these two kinds of estimates to produce a new surface that approximates both. Our formulation is linear, allowing it to operate efficiently on complex meshes commonly used in graphics. It also treats high-and low-frequency components separately, allowing it to optimally combine outputs from data sources such as stereo triangulation and photometric stereo, which have different error-vs.-frequency characteristics. We demonstrate the ability of our technique to both recover high-frequency details and avoid low-frequency bias, producing surfaces that are more widely applicable than position or orientation data alone.


In Section 5.3 of our main paper, we compare our proposed method with two baseline methods for 3D hand mesh reconstruction: direct Linear Blend Skinning (LBS) method and MANO-based method. Here, we describe more details of these two baseline methods, as illustrated in Fig. 2. In the direct LBS method, we train the network to regress 3D hand joint locations from the heat-maps and the image features with heat-map loss and 3D pose loss. As illustrated in Fig. 2 (b), the latent feature extracted from the input image is mapped to 3D hand joint locations through a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network with three fully-connected layers. Then, we apply inverse kinematics (IK) to compute the transformation matrix of each hand joint from the the estimated 3D hand joint locations. The 3D hand mesh is generated by applying LBS with the predefined hand model and skinning weights. In this method, the 3D hand mesh is only determined by the estimated 3D hand joint locations, thus it cannot be adapted to various hand shapes. In addition, the IK often suffers from singularity and multiple solutions, which makes the solutions to transformation matrices unreliable. Experimental results in Figure 7 and Table 2 of our main paper have shown the limitations of this direct LBS method. In the MANO-based method, we train the network to regress hand shape and pose parameters of the MANO hand


RATIONAL
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ubiquitous antimicrobial agents incorporated in consumer and personal care products. Due to their human health risks, it is essential to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to simultaneously quantify TCS, TCC, as well as their metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples.

METHODS
The quantitative parameters of TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts (2'-OH-TCC, 3'-OH-TCC, 6-OH-TCC, DHC, DCC, NCC) were optimized by using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples was optimized based on enzyme dosage and incubation time. The efficiencies of solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were compared. The effectiveness of the established method was evaluated, and method application was validated using real urine and serum samples.

RESULTS
The conjugates were sufficiently hydrolyzed under 500 U/mL β-glucuronidase and 80 U/mL sulfatase at 37°C for 4 h. Compared with LLE method, SPE achieved higher extraction efficiency in both urine and serum samples. The optimized SPE-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method showed low limits of detection (LODs) ranging 0.001-0.3 ng/mL and good linearity (R2 >0.99) at 0.01-150 ng/mL in both matrices. Excellent recoveries of 82.0%-120.7% (urine) and 76.7%-113.9% (serum) were obtained with low relative standard deviation (RSD, <7.6%) for inter-day and intra-day injections. This method was applicable to quantify target compounds in multiple biological urine and serum samples. Notably, TCS and TCC were detected with average concentrations of 8.37 and 10.46 ng/mL, respectively, in 15 Chinese female urines, with the simultaneous detection of TCC metabolites and byproducts.

CONCLUSION
A reliable method was established to simultaneously determine TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples by using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This sensitive methodology provides basis for the evaluation of TCS and TCC exposure at the metabolic level.


An explicit form of the partially reparameterized version of Gompertz model was used to fit the average growth data of common carp rearing in polyponds of upland region and its suitability for pre-harvest forecasting of fish yield was demonstrated. Two months ahead forecasting of common carp yield was best provided by the above model.