Let V be a commutative valuation domain of arbitrary Krull‐dimension, with quotient field F, let K be a finite Galois extension of F with group G, and let S be the integral closure of V in K. Suppose that one has a 2‐cocycle on G that takes values in the group of units of S. Then one can form the crossed product of G over S, S*G, which is a V‐order in the central simple F‐algebra K*G. If S*G is assumed to be a Dubrovin valuation ring of K*G, then the main result of this paper is that, given a suitable definition of tameness for central simple algebras, K*G is tamely ramified and defectless over F if and only if K is tamely ramified and defectless over F. The residue structure of S*G is also considered in the paper, as well as its behaviour upon passage to Henselization. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 16H05, 16S35.


This paper describes a research and development (R & D) effort on a Pipeline Planning System (PPS). Research was first conducted to identify the aspects of pipeline planning and pipeline-network design that could benefit from a computer-assisted approach. The barriers described in this study are as follows: hydraulic-analysis programs that are difficult to use; inadequate media for geographic/spatial information; and insufficient supporting tools for design refinements. Building upon these findings, a cohesive computer environment was designed and developed to integrate the hydraulic analysis and geographic information processing with a graphical user interface (GUI) in order to improve the effectiveness of pipeline-design functions. A system prototype was implemented and is currently being applied in real-world pipeline-network planning and design for municipal and industrial water conveyance.


A graph G of order p and size q is edge-magic if there is a bijective function f : V (G) [ E(G) ! { i} p+q i=1 such that f(x) + f(xy) + f(y) = k, for all xy 2 E(G). The function f is an edge-magic labeling of G and the sum k is called either the magic sum, the valence or the weight of f. Furthermore, if f(V (G)) = {i} p=1 then f is a super edge-magic labeling of G. In this paper we study the valences that can be attained by (super) edge-magic labelings of some families of graphs.


In this paper, we will introduce a precise classification of characteristic functions in the Fourier space according to the moment constraint in the physical space of any order. Based on this, we construct measure valued solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with the exact moment condition as the initial data.


Karst morphology appears as a prominent erosional feature on carbonate platforms fronting the Motu of Moorea, French Polynesia. Conglomerate platforms on Motu Temae Motu Tiahura, and Motu Ahi show varying levels of karstic influence. The horizontal surface topography of these platforms and the presence of hydrologic and lithologic layering present an environment in which karst pools may develop. Interaction between the platform with both fresh water from rain and seawater from the adjacent lagoon leads to the formation of pool and basin structures which erode vertically as well as horizontally through the platform and in some cases out to the lagoon. Two distinct evolutionary systems are recognized within these pools with stages of development defined for each system. Throughout the development of these pools, defining characteristics including surface textures, influx systems, drainage systems and physical morphology change and evolve. Differences in both small and large-scale structural elements over the area of the platform dictate where and how pools develop. The formation and evolution of these karst pools does in some cases effect the morphology of the platform on a larger scale. In addition to acting as an erosional mechanism for the platform, karst pools can also act as depositional environments for new sediment and material.


Intermediate-band photometric measurements in the 10 ..mu.. region are presented for 22 infrared sources associated with southern H II regions. The energy distributions display substantial silicate absorption with optical depths at band center (9.8..mu..) ranging from 0.4 to 5.0. The depth of the 9.8..mu.. band is related to the depth of 6 cm formaldehyde absorption in the sense that tau(9.8..mu..) must exceed 2 for tau(H/sub 2/CO) to exceed 0.03. The effect of the silicate absorption is to attentuate the intrinsic 1-25..mu.. luminosities by as much as a factor of 5.


The purpose of the research is to study the effect of using discrete, pragmatic, and communicative tests up on grammatical achievement of the first semester students of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University. This research was conducted at English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University with 45 randomly selected respondents derived from students. The instruments of the study were three types of tests namely: discrete test, pragmatic test and communicative test dealing with grammar materials for the first semester students of the English Department. The data were analyzed by using one way anova formula and this formula was also used to determine the significant effect of using using discrete, pragmatic, and communicative tests up on grammatical achievement of the first semester students of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University. This research proved that using discrete, pragmatic, and communicative tests give significant different results up on grammatical achievement of the first semester students of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University. The results of the research give implications that to develop grammatical test needs to pay attention to various types of tests


The emergence of entrepreneurial university has pushed the governments and institutions involved in higher education into research and implement new systems for measuring performance and efficiency. However the evidence is critical: a lot of data, a lot of models, a lot of ways to be entrepreneurial, and a great difficulty to make comparative, and definitely, a great complexity in the application of methodologies of assessment for heterogeneous scenarios. A rich literature has developed indicators of inputs and outputs of activities involving first, second and third mission of universities exploring 'knowledge transference' (KT) processes: learning -teaching, diffusion and production of knowledge in research, patents and licensing. A great obstacle in the management and assessment of universities is to provide timely and meaningful feedback loops on performance, efficiency and potential to students, teachers, researchers, innovation and academic managers at higher levels. The new model of university needs to identify and assess the main actors of universities by means structured set of scaffold assessment focusing to use their knowledge base, analytical, practical and creative skills and attitudes, and wisdom/based to become society's leaders. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of methodologies of portfolio, understood as a tool to management, quality assurance, assessment and accreditation of KT processes, to the assessment of universities.


The paper conducts the research of defining dangerous driving of a vehicle using signals collected during the ride. A number of modern clustering models for drivers segmentation on classes based on the ratio of dangerous driving was used. New approach of data aggregation aiming to cluster data by signal distribution histograms was developed. Achieved results could be used in commercial systems that monitor the quality of drivers behavior in retrospective.


Significance
 The nearly completed mega-dam has been a source of immense friction between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, but recent developments could create space to de-escalate.

 Impacts
 Progress on the dam offers much-needed respite to embattled Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed amid a serious domestic political crisis.
 Heavy rains have allayed fears of an immediate impact on downstream water supply, which will ease pressure on Egypt's government.
 As the dam fills, issues will arise regarding the fates of the thousands of people the artificial reservoir will displace.


This review article is about Restoration Trajectories in Forest Ecosystems with special reference to Ethiopian Forest. Restoration attempts to return an ecosystem to its historic trajectory. It has time scale but interventions can accelerate the process. There is billions of land world-wide which could be dedicated for restoration. Ethiopian landscape has been degraded severely and concerted efforts are being made to reverse the degradation. Ethiopia made commitment to restore 22 million hectares during the UN Summit in September 2014. However, we need to understand the dynamics and factors influencing restoration and its process; otherwise we believe the existing church forests in the northern and central Ethiopia can serve as reference for restoration. Due to climate change, long time degradation and desertification effects achieving the pristine forest stage might not be possible. But at least creating similar forest community as that of the existing forests might be achievable. Experiences of Korea and Costa Rica can be cited as best practices. Keywords: Restoration, Forest, Ethiopia, church forest


Simple Summary Headshaking syndrome is a frustrating health problem in horses whose aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood. This study was dedicated to investigating signalment and therapeutic interventions in headshakers in France and Switzerland. To do this, an online survey was developed and distributed via the Internet. This showed that mainly middle-aged geldings were affected. The breeding distribution matched the breeding distribution of the relevant country. Furthermore, alternative healing methods were used by the horse owners, which have not yet been scientifically examined. Overall, it was possible to formulate conclusions regarding signalment and therapies used in practice. Abstract Equine headshaking syndrome (EHS) is characterised as non-physical and involuntary movement of the horse's head and neck. Although EHS is clinically simple to diagnose, its aetiopathogenesis often remains unclear. The aim of this study was to gain an overview of signalment and therapy possibilities used in France and Switzerland. To do this, an online survey was developed and distributed via newsletters. A total of 933 complete, answered surveys from France (n = 804) and Switzerland (n = 129) were evaluated. The median age in France was 12.4 years (CH = 14.3). Mostly geldings were affected (58.5%FRA, 57.4%CH). There was an association with Warmbloods in Switzerland (55.8%CH), but in France, in addition to Warmbloods (34.4%FRA), Thoroughbreds (27.2%FRA) were also affected. Moreover, horses affected by EHS often show stereotypical behaviour (15.7%FRA, 14.7%CH). A total of 38.4%FRA and 67.4%CH of horse owners utilised therapy measures, with nose covers being most commonly used (19.9%FRA, 30.2%CH). Horse owners resorted to alternative treatments that had not previously been studied in context with EHS (15%FRA, 20.9%CH). Conservative treatments, such as medication, were used by 5.4%CH and 1.9%FRA. This study provides an overview of the status of horses affected by EHS in France and Switzerland and thus offers a fundamental step to understanding the consequences of welfare issues associated with EHS.


Introduction: The increase in cases of child falling from tree in our structure and the lack of data on this subject in the literature led us to initiate this work. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this condition in our hospital. Material and Methods: Our longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2019 in the neurosurgery department of Gabriel Touré university hospital in Bamako. It had concerned patients aged 0 to 18 years treated for head trauma secondary to a fall from tree height. Head injuries caused by other mechanisms were excluded from this study. Patient follow-up lasted 6 months. A total of 72 patients were identified. Results: Childhood head trauma secondary to a fall from tree accounted for 59.5% of children with head trauma, with a predominance of boy (94.5%). The mango tree was implicated in 89%. Direct cause of fall was found in 15.3% of cases. On admission, 5 patients were in coma. Mild disturbance in alertness was present in 41.7% of cases. Motor deficit was observed in 33 patients (45.8%). Head CT had showed depressed skull fracture associated with brain contusion in most cases (50% of cases). A craniocerebral wound was found in 2 patients. Surgery was performed in 57% of patients. After 6 months of follow-up, 11 patients were lost to follow-up and 48.2% had a neurological disorder. Mortality was 4.2%. Conclusion: Head trauma from falling from tree is one of the causes of disability in children in developing countries. Early and adequate management could reduce mortality.


Bimetallic Ni/Pd anodic catalysts are synthesized for application in direct methanol solid oxide fuel cells (DMSOFCs). Pd nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of porous Ni, prepared by sputte...


[Objective]To evaluate the clinic effect of translamina "V"-shaped-osteotomy internal fixation to correct ankylosing spondylitis,also to analysis operation indication,the time of correction and complication. [Methods]From 2005-2009,56 patients with imaging findings of ankylosing spondylitis were divided into two groups by two operative methods,the treating group(spo) 30 cases,The control group(lamina V-osteotomy)26 cases,(35 male and 21 female),with mean age of 27.0 years(range,12~44).The mean chin-brow angle was 45°(38°~55°),the average gaze angle was 42°(32°~53°).All patients underwent translamina "V"-shaped-osteotomy,posterior decompression,pedicle screw with compressive rod. [Results]There was significant difference between control group and procedure group.There was significant difference between control group and treating group in kyphosis recurrence rate(P0.05).No significant difference was found about the nonunion befween the control group and treating group(P0.05),although the nonunion rate of treating gronp was bigger than of the control group.There was significant difference between kyphosis rate of control group and treating group in Cobb-angle losing degree,screw-lose or fracture,and rod-fracture after surgery(P0.05).Fitty-four patients were followed up,the longest time was 6 years,the shortest time was 2 years and 5 months(lower 24 months cancelled),the average time was 4 years and 2 months.After operation,no death or infection occured,no nerve,vascular injury were found.The operation was safe and reliable,patients achieved the purpose of straight and orthophoria.The body height increased by an average 9.6 cm.The postoperative chin-brow and gaze angle were 18.5° and 76°. [Conclusion]Translamina "V"-shaped-osteotomy internal fixation is safe,simple and accurate.It can gain good clinic effect in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.The visual field is significantly improved after surgery and the body balance could be recovered.


Since electricity generated by wind power and other renewable sources fluctuates significantly, their extensive use requires energy storage technologies. This study analyzes life cycle CO2 emission (LCCO2) of power generation systems combining wind turbines with energy storage equipment, focusing on four types of hydrogen storage, i.e. compression hydrogen (cH), liquid hydrogen (LH), metal hydride (MH), and organic hydride (MCH) as well as three types of battery, i.e. lead-acid (PbA), redox flow (RF), and sodium-sulfur (NaS). In order to appropriately compare the two different types of system, the functional unit is defined to meet customers' demands of electricity and heat, because this study assumes that hydrogen is finally converted into electricity and heat using a fuel cell at consumption sites. The analysis revealed that, in general, LCCO2 of battery systems is smaller than that of hydrogen storage systems, not depending on characteristics of customers (e. g. heat-to-power ratios, load curves) and the patterns of wind power, when wind turbines are away from consumption sites. However, when wind turbines are located at consumption sites, LCCO2 of cH and MH systems is almost equivalent to that of battery systems for a customer who has a relatively large heat demand such as a factory, hotel and hospital.


Abstract Various organic electroluminescent devices were fabricated using distyryl biphenyl arylene derivatives (DBA). To improve thermal stability of devices and quantum efficiency, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(4,4′-oxydiphenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA-ODA PI) were introduced onto the emitting layer by the spin coating method. The device performance was discussed.


Understanding the temporal traffic load profile of cellular networks is extremely valuable to many network operation tasks in large mobile networks. Such knowledge is useful for network planning, improving network performance, designing better load balancing schemes, testing handoff algorithms, and proposing new charging mechanisms. This paper proposes a simple yet powerful method to model the temporal traffic profile by a large 3G/LTE cellular network dataset in a metropolitan area, consisting of 9 thousand base stations and 3.5 million subscribers. Specifically, using the spectrum-based analysis, we extract three major frequency components, which captures the weekly, daily, and hourly temporal patterns in the traffic load across base stations. By clustering the traffic utilizing the features extracted from spectrum-domain components, we find that urban scale cellular traffic can be classified into five groups, which maps to five types of geographic locations. Besides the comprehensive analysis, we apply this model to two applications: predicting the future traffic load, and designing a load based pricing scheme, where we demonstrate the usefulness of our model and analysis results.


The National Research Council of Canada's Herzberg Institute has proposed a design for a new radio telescope known as the 'Large Adaptive Reflector' (LAR). The LAR telescope is comprised of a 200 m reflector and a receiver held aloft at an altitude of 500 m by a tethered aerostat. The position of the receiver is actively controlled by a series of tethers connected to winching systems on the ground. Computer simulations of the LAR positioning system have shown that the proposed design holds a great deal of promise. To add confidence to these results and give further assurance that the concept is practical, experimental validation is crucial. Therefore design and construction was undertaken of a one-third-scale model of the multi-tethered aerostat component of the LAR to further study the dynamics and control of this subsystem. The design process begins with an analytical study of the scaling process. All variables liable to affect the dynamics of the system were identified and dimensionless groups were formed by applying Buckingham's Pi Theorem. Once the desired physical characteristics of the scaled system had been identified, components were chosen to satisfy those characteristics. The key components to be selected included the aerostat, tethers, sensing instruments and winches. The design process for selecting these components is discussed and an overview of the construction of the system is given.


In this article we study secondary predication expressing depictive semantics in Spanish by taking a typological perspective on the phenomenon. We revisit a number of grammatical concepts, that have been traditionally applied to the analysis of the grammar of Spanish, and propose the use of more modern ones that help render the analysis of the data more compatible with international linguistics, making it possible to understand Spanish typologically. Applying these new categories in the analysis provides the following results. In the secondary predicate slot, Spanish can only have adjectival and verbal phrases. The verb in this slot must occur in the so-called "gerund", which is an adverbial non-finite form. Other types of predicative constituents, such as prepositional phrases and even a number of clauses, conventionally held to be secondary predicates under the obscure name of "attributive complements", are not taken here to be depictive secondary predicates but just predicative general adjuncts.


We address theoretically the question of classical stochastic fields mimicking quantum states of light in the context of nonlinear spectroscopy and nonlinear optics, in particular two-photon absorption (TPA) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) driven by weak or bright broadband squeezed vacuum with time-frequency entanglement between photons. Upon using a well-defined but ad hoc subtraction of vacuum-energy terms (renormalization), we find that the classical stochastic model yields exactly the same predictions as the full quantum-field theory for all of the phenomena considered here, in both the low-gain and high-gain regimes of squeezed vacuum. Such predictions include the linear-flux scaling of TPA and SFG rates at low incident photon flux, as well as the dependence of TPA and SHG rates on the relative linewidths of the squeezed light and the ground-to-final-state transition in the material system, and the spectrum of SFG generated by bright squeezed vacuum.


The effects which frequency multiplication produces on the power spectral density of an oscillator is examined as a function of the multiplication ratio and the power spectral density of the phase noise process. In addition, the power spectral density (PSD) of the multiplied-up oscillation is interconnected with the frequency standard L(f). It is explicitly demonstrated how errors are introduced when one attempts to define the rms fractional frequency deviation ¿f(¿)/f0 and the Allan variance ¿2y(¿) using the measurement of L(f). Finally, the genesis of spectral spreading of the PSD due to frequency multiplication is demonstrated in such a way that this interesting and important phenomena can be grasped by the practicing engineer.


87 www.iiitec.org ISIT©2016 IIITEC Volumen 1 Abstract— HITO is a compiler designed for teaching programming logic. It consists on 3 modules. The first one compiles algorithms in pseudo code. The language was defined using BNF notation without checking possible errors by syntactic and semantic analyzers. The second one allows you to translate the pseudo code to C++ programming languages, Java and C#. The third one allows you to draw primitive's graphics. The software was developed with XP methodology. System and usability unitary test were performed. The results of the evaluation regarding the syntax of the algorithms were "Strongly agree" and "agree" valuation given for 9 experts. It was a descriptive level research with application type.


The contamination of environmental sully with antibiotics is regarded as a major problem today and predictable to attain more recognition in near future. However, human intervention resulting in antibiotic consumption is being enhancing all around the world. Our review of literature revealed the role of microbiome in sully and how antibiotic resistant genes raised. The structure of antibiotics basically influenced by natural components such as biotic and abiotic push which shifts based on different soils. Therefore, management of microbiome in soil and their expression studies were distinctively revealed. The assessment of antibiotic resistance genes with help of next generation sequencing provided a clear comprehension on genome and transcriptome of the bacterial genes. Thus, interaction of microbiome with soil can also be well understood. The current findings in our study will guide every researcher to follow logical protocol in analyzing microbiota composition is covered as well and also to understand its metagenomic and sequenced with next-generation sequencer which helps to comprehend the diverse micro-flora present in soil and its operation. Finally, later progresses in bioinformatics computer program, flow of work, and applications for analyzing metagenomic information are put in a nutshell.


Peripheral nerve injuries during anaesthesia continues to be a significant source of morbidity for patients and liability for anaesthesiologists. Ulnar nerve is the most commonly involved nerve. Despite the best efforts at careful positioning and padding it is not always a preventable complication. We came across a patient who developed partial claw hand due to ulnar neuropathy following modified radical mastoidectomy.


Larvae of the satyrine butterfly Lethe dina feed on blades ef bamboo grass Sasa veitchii var. hii:suta whose blades have a two-to-four-year iife span. I studied age class preference by L. dtana. Both current-year blades and blades from previous years were used as oviposition sites by adult L, diana and as fbod by larvae. The ratio ofyoung to old blades used changed seasonally, and these ratios were consistent with the ratio of young to old blades in available bamboo grass bushes during each season, t e. neither adults nor larvae showed a preference fbr any age class of blades. Laryae grew better when they were fed young blades compared to old blades, so the fitness of L. dtana would increase ifyoung blades were setected. It is thought that L. diana is not panicular about leafage because it cannot discriminttte between young blades and old blades,


Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that involves predominantly synovial articulations, which can lead to deformity and destruction. With the progression of the disease, patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis develop inability to perform activities of daily living both as a professional, generating a significant economic impact for the patient and to society. Although the exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis remains unknown, studies conducted over the past two decades has enabled greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. This knowledge has allowed the development of new therapies used to treat severe forms of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to achieve remission, however, when this can not be expected to prevent joint damage and loss of function and even reduce pain. The latest strategies for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis involve the early diagnosis and aggressive control of inflammation. The recognition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed more as tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?) and interleukin (IL) 1 and IL6 enabled developing new therapies directed against these cytokines targets. TNF-? is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in immune response, defense against microorganisms and the inflammatory process. Biological agents that inhibit TNF-? are considered effective in reducing activity and in the retardation of structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, especially in forms refractory to conventional treatments. Currently, they are available in Brazil, three anti-TNF-?: infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab. These drugs are relatively safe for Rheumatoid Arthritis, but may, however, present serious infectious complications such as reactivation of latent tuberculosis.The high cost of these drugs, their use in hospital and the risk to opportunistic infections remain the limiting factors for its widespread use in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in our midst. This study aims at highlighting the importance of the emergence of new therapies in order to attenuate the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, and to analyze risk-benefit offered by their treatment and assess the feasibility and cost of the same.


Purpose– The assumption that microcredit alone can contribute to worldwide povertyalleviation is debated, the opponents voicing the need of non-credit services in addition togive the poor access to ...


Heat flux conducted by coronal electrons is the dominant energy source which drives the solar wind. Both collisional and collisionless treatments of the solar-wind expansion problem predict the development of instabilities which are expected to lead to enhanced level of waves resulting in a reduction in plasma thermal conductivity. Experimental evidence consistent with the notion that the interplanetary heat flux is ''locally'' regulated by microinstabilities at 1 AU is reviewed. Briefly, the electron dimensionless third velocity moment is statistically independent of electron temperature and the electron heat flux appears to be nearly the same before and after abrupt connection to the earth's bow shock through the magnetic field. Furthermore, solar-wind electron-velocity distributions at 1 AU are observed to be, on the average, marginally stable with respect to the growth of electromagnetic ion cyclotron and/or magnetosonic waves. (auth)


High solids cabbage lipids were investigated. Crude lipids were extracted and separated by column chromatography into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Consistent with other plant lipid patterns, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids constituted the major fatty acids. High solids cabbage cultivars were 1.8–2.0% higher in dry matter than the standard cultivars.


Introduction: There are contradictory opinions regarding the role of occlusal factors in the initiation of TMDs. These patients rarely visit or are referred to Orthodontists or dentists which also accounts for these TMDs being undiagnosed. There is conflicting evidence where most often TMDs are linked to occlusal prematurities. Undiagnosed. There is conflicting evidence where most often TMDs are linked to occlusal prematurities. There  is a need to assess TMJ dysfunction before beginning of orthodontic treatment so that necessary precautions can be taken while ongoing orthodontic treatment. Also, between the stages of orthodontic treatment. TMJ evaluation will be helpful in monitoring any signs of TMJ dysfunction and TMD disorders so it can be identified and therapeutic measures can be taken. Many studies have been conducted to measure the pharyngeal airway difficulty; however, comparison with Class II individuals and the correlation between the variables involved in Class II malocclusion with airway measurements and TMD clinically has not been conducted, which encouraged the present study.
Materials & Methods: Total 50 patients in the age group of 18-30 years visiting the outpatient Department of Orthodontics will be selected after screening and divided into two groups as follows: Group A (Control Group) - 25 class I malocclusion patients. Group B (Experimental group) - 25 class II Division -1 malocclusion in patients having vertical growth pattern. For clinical evaluation of TMD The routine diagnostic pre-treatment records will be taken for each selected patient. For clinical evaluation of airway difficulty SUSMITA Airway Prediction Analysis will be used. The cases will then be subjected to MRI scan for 3Dimensional evaluation of TMJ and Airway. The results obtained will then be subjected to statistical analysis for evaluation, comparison & co-relation.
Expected Outcome: There exists a positive co-relation between severity of TMDs and airway difficulty in class II vertical growth pattern cases.


It has been established by high-statistics cosmic-ray experiments that the distribution of arrival directions of TeV cosmic rays have small anisotropic features with amplitudes of ∼ 0.1%. In this presentation, we use the intensity-mapping method based on Liouville's theorem for the modeling of the TeV cosmic-ray anisotropy. Our results derived from the data of the Tibet AS 𝛾 experiment and the calculation of cosmic-ray trajectories in an MHD model heliosphere indicate that the relative intensity distibution of cosmic rays at the outer boundary of the heliosphere contains small-scale ansiotropic features with angular scales of smaller than ∼ 10 ◦ , which does not seem realistic. A possible problem would be that the MHD model heliosphere used in this presentation is a single snapshot of the positive polarity phase of a solar cycle, while the experimental data covers ten years during the negative polarity phase of the 23rd solar cycle. In order to improve our intensity-mapping method, it would be necessary to have multiple snapshots of the MHD model heliosphere corresponding to the negative polarity phase, perform the intensity-mapping for each of the snapshots and take the average of the results


To aid in development of a virtual reality system for encouraging the elderly in therapeutic gait training, we recorded such training performed with parallel bars with a video camera. Analysis of the verbal communication of physical therapists and the responses of the elderly confirmed the effectiveness of verbal encouragements. Such encouragement was categorized by the time of its communication and by its content. An algorithm for encouraging the elderly by verbal communication is proposed.


Rare diseases (RDs) are uncommon as individual diagnoses, but as a group contribute to an enormous disease burden globally. However, partly due the low prevalence and high diversity of individual RDs, this category of diseases is understudied and under-resourced. The advent of large, standardised genetics databases has enabled high-throughput, comprehensive approaches that uncover new insights into the multi-scale aetiology of thousands of diseases. Here, using the Human Phenotype Ontology (9,677 annotated phenotypes) and multiple single-cell transcriptomic atlases (77 human cell types and 38 mouse cell types), we conducted >688,000 enrichment tests (x100,000 bootstrap iterations each) to identify >13,888 genetically supported cell type-phenotype associations. Our results recapitulate well-known cell type-phenotype relationships, and extend our understanding of these diseases by pinpointing the genes linking phenotypes to specific cell (sub)types. We also reveal novel cell type-phenotype relationships across disparate branches of clinical disease (e.g. the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems). Next, we introduce a computational pipeline to prioritise gene targets with high cell type-specificity to minimise off-target effects and maximise therapeutic potential. To broaden the impact of our study, we have released two R packages to fully replicate our analyses, as well as a series of interactive web apps so that stakeholders from a variety of backgrounds may further explore and utilise our findings. Together, we present a promising avenue for systematically and robustly uncovering the multi-scale aetiology of RDs at scale.


The acquisition of vector maps is a costly process in which large amount of labour and material resources are needed for acquiring original vector map. It is very important to protect intellectual properties of vector maps under complicated network environment and prevent vector maps from being illegally commercialized abused. In this paper, we propose a watermarking algorithm for vector map based on discrete cosine transform. Watermark is hidden DCT coefficients with middle frequency. Experiments show that our watermarking algorithm is robust against many attacks such as rotation, scaling, translation, and simplification. * Corresponding author. firstname.lastname@example.com


Networks have become an important organization form for creating and disseminating innovations in many sectors. Innovation networks can help to cope with the demands of increasing competition and rapidly changing markets. This view has established also in the logistics sector. The objective of this treatise is to help readers understand the management of innovation networks based on a case study that examines how the DHL Group, one of the world's largest providers of logistics services, organizes its innovative activities with its network partners. The special focus is the network management and competitive advantages for DHL resulting form the network. The network of DHL Solutions & Innovations (DSI), a business unit in which the DHL Group bundles and coordinates its innovation activities, is described and analyzed. DSI utilizes a large international network of heterogeneous partners, which is largely being controlled through focal means and which is configured dynamically. Functions selection, allocatio...


The growth of demand for broadband has been seen in satellite communications as it has in other aspects of the market. Satellites carry media content around the globe, which includes satellite television, radio, and broadband services directly to consumers. Satellite communications also allows for mobile or nomadic voice and data globally. They are also critical to disaster recovery and emergency preparedness, providing critical communications following natural disasters. While the sole application of some satellites is the distribution of data, all satellites require communication systems technology. For example, remote sensing satellites may be collecting environmental data, but the data collected and the command and control of the satellite both rely on communication technology. If large amounts of data is being collected, broadband data links are required to avoid loss of data since on-board storage capacity for this data is limited.


Abstract
We report detailed clinical and pathologic features of cases of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ALK-DLBCL), a rare entity with only 33 currently reported cases. This reported case. Biopsies


It's been three years since the housing markets did a nosedive. Is the housing market correction finally over? The short answer is probably no, but there are some encouraging signs of improvement.


A 23-year-old woman presented with complaints of jaundice, nausea with vomiting, and epigastric pain for ten days. She had a history of epithelioid hemangiodendothelioma (EHE) of the lungs, diagnosed six months prior to presentation. She had been treated with interferon alpha-2b (a type 1 interferon) for four months, but this was stopped two weeks prior to presentation due to lack of palliative benefit. She was taking oxycodone and polyethylene glycol.


This article examines the evolving jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court's decisions on the constitutionality of affirmative action with specific focus on education. Traversing the Court's affirmative action decisions from the 1970s to 2013, the author argues that the best, and possibly only, way to understand the evolution of this politically contentious doctrine is to focus on politics. This requires paying attention to political commitments of the justices, the role of interest groups, the voter alignments of the Democratic and Republican parties and white elite and public opinion. The author uses leading social science approaches to present three models of judicial decision-making: the attitudinal model, the strategic actor model, and the institutional/public opinion model. The article underlines the need to locate the Court within the political and cultural context in which it operates.


Zambia is one of the poorest countries in sub-Saharan Africa and there is evidence that suggests that living standards worsened during part of the 1990s. There is evidence, using national poverty lines, that poverty increased between 1991 and 1996 by 20% among the those below a food-only poverty line and by 16% among those below a general poverty line (McCulloch et al, 2001). In 1996 an estimated 73% of the population lived on less than a dollar a day (World Bank 2000). Between 1996 and 1998, the last year for which comparable household survey is available, there have been reductions in poverty, although not sufficient to offset the rise between 1991 and 1996. The increase in poverty between 1991 and 1996 occurred during a period of fairly extensive economic reforms, including a stabilisation programme, reforms of agricultural marketing, privatisation, trade liberalisation and public sector reform. Given this, it is not implausible that the rise in poverty was caused by one or more of these policies, singly or in combination. Equally likely though is that not everyone will have been affected in the same way, that there will have been winners and losers from the reforms. The aim of this background paper is to summarise some of the key features of the changes in poverty between 1991 and 1998, disaggregating the findings by geographical location and other socio-economic categories. The paper will also summarise some of the essential features of the reforms in the 1990s and set out a number of alternative approaches for analysing the impacts of these reforms on poverty. Some preliminary results are then presented to motivate discussion.


Iron gathered for barbecues. This iron collection for roasts comprising: a) a base roast substantially quadrangular which is slightly inclined to a collecting liquid, b) the base roast has an inclination of about 2 °, c) the base roast slightly inclined which is surrounded peripherally by a wall with the exception of the anterior, d) chime wall is of suitable height to prevent the projection from splashes of fluids, e) chime wall having means for temporary retention a grid of draining and / or reserve roast vianda, f) chime wall and / or base roast slightly inclined to have a fixed means of manipulation of roast and g) own cover means base roasted for steaming meats.


In this technical note, we consider the dynamic coverage control problem from a clustering perspective, to which we apply control-theoretic methods to identify and track the cluster center dynamics. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to consider tracking cluster centers when the dynamics of the system elements involve acceleration fields. We show that a dynamic control design is necessary to achieve dynamic coverage under these acceleration fields. We pose the goal of maximizing the instantaneous coverage as a combinatorial optimization problem, and propose a framework that extends the concepts of the deterministic annealing algorithm to the dynamic setting. The resulting Lagrangian is used as a control Lyapunov function for designing coverage control. The algorithms we propose guarantee asymptotic tracking of cluster group dynamics, and we further establish continuity and boundedness of the corresponding control laws. Simulations are provided to corroborate these results.


China is a country with complicated topography landforms and geological disasters widely distributed,and is one of the landslide-prone countries in the world.As landslides and debris flows are of harmful natural disaster type to human being,the effective real-time monitoring on landslides become very important.The landslide monitoring instruments are often being damaged because the most are installed in the mountains where few people live or being uninhabited,and what is more,the people have less awareness of geological disasters monitoring.Based on the landslide monitoring projects in Danba County,the paper summed up the experiences of the field installation and the protection of landslide monitoring instrument.


Recently, Morton-Short [24] and Yamada [34] independently noticed the existence of a pair of knots which is indistinguishable by the Jones polynomial [14], but is distinguishable by its 2-parallel version. Moreover there exist mutant knots distinguishable by the 3-parallel version of the two-variable Jones polynomial P ([25] and Section 6.2 of this paper). Thus it seems to be worth while studying the r-parallel version of a link invariant from a general


Pregnancy is an "immunological Paradox". This is because pregnant women are tolerant of their semi‐allogeneic fetus but are not immunosuppressed and indeed make strong antibody responses. The immunological changes required are driven mainly by the placenta, an organ derived from cells of the blastocyst surrounding the embryo. Trophoblast cells on the surface of the placenta form the interface between the fetus and maternal tissues and blood. They differentiate into (a) villous syncytiotrophoblast (ST) that are in contact with maternal blood and transfer gases and nutrients between maternal and fetal blood and (b) extravillous trophoblast cells that invade into the maternal decidua lining the uterus. Trophoblast cells escape allorecognition because they lack classical HLA class I and II molecules. Local immunoregulation, or tolerance, in the decidua is mediated mainly by HLA‐G+ extravillous trophoblasts that prevent killing of fetal and placental cells by maternal natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and macrophages, thus ensuring the fetus is not rejected. Placental hormones orchestrate the composition and regulatory function of maternal immune cells in the decidua. ST at the surface of chorionic villi, together with ST debris that is shed into maternal blood, maintain a state of mild maternal systemic inflammation by enhancing innate immunity and skewing the immune response towards humoral (antibody) immunity. This enables a healthy immune system to be maintained in pregnant women, with robust protective antibody responses to pathogens whilst enabling survival of the fetus. However, this immunological skewing ensures that pregnant women readily form alloantibodies to incompatible fetal alloantigens. If fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) occurs, they can make antibodies to fetal red cells, platelets and leucocytes that are in her blood. The alloantibodies are initially of low affinity but after re‐immunisation of the woman with further FMH (most commonly at delivery), they become functionally effective, high titre IgG. Maternal IgG is transferred by the ST to the fetus, to give the baby protective immunity to survive infancy. This has the unfortunate consequence that alloantibodies to blood cells are also transported, leading to haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). Both HDFN and FNAIT may result in death or serious neurological damage to the baby. HDFN due to anti‐D can be prevented by administration of prophylactic anti‐D to the mother, destroying or clearing D‐positive fetal red cells in FMH from her circulation before they can become immunogenic.


ABSTRACT Michelle Amazeen's rebuttal of Uscinski and Butler 2013 is unsuccessful. Amazeen's attempt to infer the accuracy of fact checks from their agreement with each other fails on its own terms and, in any event, could as easily be explained by fact checkers' political biases as their common access to the objective truth. She also ignores the distinction between verifiable facts and unverifiable claims about the future, as well as contestable claims about the causes of political, social, and economic phenomena. The social benefits that she claims for the fact-checking enterprise must, at the very least, be weighed against the strong possibility that what passes for fact checking is actually just a veiled continuation of politics by means of journalism rather than being an independent, objective counterweight to political untruths.


Author(s): Navas-Montilla, Adrian; Ozgen-Xian, Ilhan | Abstract: Hyperbolic systems under nonconservative form arise in numerous applications modeling physical processes, for example from the relaxation of more general equations (e.g. with dissipative terms). This paper reviews an existing class of augmented Roe schemes and discusses their application to linear nonconservative hyperbolic systems with source terms. We extend existing augmented methods by redefining them within a common framework which uses a geometric reinterpretation of source terms. This results in intrinsically well-balanced numerical discretizations. We discuss two equivalent formulations: (1) a nonconservative approach and (2) a conservative reformulation of the problem. The equilibrium properties of the schemes are examined and the conditions for the preservation of the well-balanced property are provided. Transient and steady state test cases for linear acoustics and hyperbolic heat equations are presented. A complete set of benchmark problems with analytical solution, including transient and steady situations with discontinuities in the medium properties, are presented and used to assess the equilibrium properties of the schemes. It is shown that the proposed schemes satisfy the expected equilibrium and convergence properties.


We present an ultrafast optical spectrometer with flexible observation range (telescope/wide-angle), achieves the sharpest resolution of 5 pm (<1 GHz), and the widest observation range of 9 nm, with 100-MHz frame rate. It further shows promising application beyond spectroscopy in combination with time-stretch microscopy.


Magnetic MXenes are turning out to be an important family of materials for exploring 2D magnetism. However, investigations into the inter-dependence of layer thickness, stacking patterns and magnetism in these materials, from a microscopic point of view, is still lacking. In this work, we have used Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculations to understand the effects of layer thickness and stacking on the magnetic properties in two magnetic MXenes, Ti 2 C and Fe 2 C in their monolayer and bilayer forms. The ground state magnetic structures, magnetic moments, magnetic exchange interactions, magnetic transition temperatures and magnetic anisotropy energies are calculated and analysed using their electronic structures and standardised models. We find that in both systems increase in layer thickness (monolayer to bilayer) affects the ground state magnetic configuration which is driven by the changes in the magnetic exchange interactions. While the effects of stacking pattern is rather weak in Ti 2 C, they are substantial, both qualitatively and quantitatively in Fe 2 C. The computed results are analysed from their electronic structures. The results suggest that fascinating physical effects can be obtained in Fe 2 C by tuning the layer thickness and stacking patterns, making it more suitable for device applications.


AbstractThe current financial crisis originated in the United States and has spread to other major countries in the world. To understand the global financial crisis we first explain what it is and how it came about in the United States…


Objective To determine the variability of the anterior vascular anatomy at the lower lumbar spine and provide anatomic data for the design of L5/S1 anterior fusing plate. Methods This study investigated 41 human cadavers (26 males and 15 females). The distance from the bifurcation or confluence to the top of L5/S1 disc and the width of operation window of L5/S1 disc (the distance from right common iliac artery to left common iliac vein) were determined. Results The bifurcation level of the ventral aorta and the confluence level of the common iliac vein were showed from L4 to L5. The course of the ventral aorta was in the right front of vertebra and the course of the common iliac vein was in the left front of vertebra. The bifurcation angle of the ventral aorta averaged 62.8°, the confluence angle averaged 71.8°, and the right common iliac aorta and the left common iliac vein angle averaged 71.5°. The distance from the bifurcation to the top of L5/S1 disc averaged (3.8±1.0) cm. The distance from the confluence to the top of L5/S1 disc averaged (2.2±0.8) cm. The distance from the confluence of the right common iliac aorta and the left common iliac vein to the top of L5/S1 disc averaged (2.0±0.7) cm. Conclusion Because of the bifurcation level of the ventral aorta and the confluence level of the common iliac vein are over the top of L5/S1, the placement of internal fixation device and anterior L5/S1 fusion is safe in 95.1% people.


Multi-camera person tracking has gained significant attention in recent times, owing to its widespread application in surveillance scenarios. However, this task is challenging due to the variance viewpoints, heavy occlusion, and illumination changes. In order to tackle these challenges, we propose a novel Hierarchical Clustering and Refinement framework for Generalized Multi-Camera Person Tracking. Specifically, our framework comprises two main components: hierarchical clustering and hierarchical refinement. Compared with directly clustering tracklets among multiple cameras, our hierarchical clustering strategy can progressively assign tracklets to correct targets. Nevertheless, the clustering and tracking process would inevitably produce incorrect matchings. Therefore, a hierarchical refinement strategy is proposed to reduce these incorrect matches which includes: intra-camera tracklet level refinement, appearance refinement, spatial-temporal refinement, and face refinement. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our method, which achieves 92% IDF1 in 2023 AI CITY CHALLENGE track1, ranking 5th on the leaderboard.


In a human cell thousands of replication forks simultaneously coordinate the duplication of the entire genome. The rate at which this process occurs, might depend on the epigenetic state of the genome and vary between, or even within, cell types. To accurately measure DNA replication speeds, we developed a technology to detect recently replicated DNA using single-cell sequencing. Replication speed is not constant but increases during S-phase of the cell cycle. Using genetic and pharmacological perturbations we are able to alter this acceleration of replication and conclude that DNA damage inflicted by the process of transcription limits the speed of replication during early S-phase. In late S-phase, during which less transcription occurs, replication accelerates and approaches its maximum speed.


Life sometimes brings surprises which we would prefer not to experience. For me, one such surprise was the severe disease which afflicted Professor Cleber Paccola some four years ago. This appeared tantamount to a death sentence, one to be executed not too far from then. However, after a delicate neurosurgical procedure, from which he recovered with no evident sequelae, he resumed his professional activities barely a month later. His determination not to let himself collapse was clear.

In the remaining four years of his life, Cleber, as I knew him, fought courageously and submitted himself to a number of treatments. Despite these, there was an unfortunate decline in his condition. However, at no stage did I witness a loss of character or hope. Cleber always showed great courage, perhaps because he believed that he was cured. Relatively religious, he did not fight God, but occasionally would ask Him the reason for such suffering. Cleber's disease returned in October 2010, taking his life prematurely eight months later. He still submitted himself to heavy chemotherapy but then suffered a stroke, leading to his hospitalisation. Even so he believed he would recover and be back at work …


Simulation and design of microfluidic systems requires various level models: high-fidelity models (usually 3D) for design and optimization of particular elements and devices, as well as system-level models allowing for VLSI-scale simulation of such systems. For the latter purpose, reduced or compact models are necessary to make such system simulations computationally feasible. In this paper, we present a design methodology and practical approach for generation of compact models of microfluidic elements. In this procedure we use high-fidelity 3D simulations of the microfluidic devices to extract their characteristics for compact models, and subsequently, to validate the compact model behavior in various regimes of operation. The compact models are generated automatically in the formats that can be directly used in SPICE or SABER. As an example of a nonlinear fluidic device, the generation of compact model for "Tesla valve" is described in detail. Tesla valve is one of the no-moving-parts (NMP) valves used in micropumps in MEMS. Its principle of operation is based on the rectification of the fluid, so it may be considered as a "fluidic diode."


With the development of technology, steel structures have been gaining increasingly widespread application, and the scope of research of steel types is also becoming increasingly broad. In addition to the four common steels used in construction, various mechanical properties and practical application of Q460 steel have also been studied at home and abroad at present. This paper introduces the research status of Q460 steel, describes its mechanical properties and the requirements for steels used in steel building structures, and analyzes the main factors influencing the properties of Q460 steel, providing some reference for practical engineering application of Q460 steel.


Reflective neural network is a new architecture with a learning procedure for systems composed of many networks based on a network module concept. To learn a subset of the complete set of training data, each module has two kinds of feedforward networks; a monitor network and a worker network. A monitor network estimates how good a worker network is for distributed training data. We propose an extraction method of fuzzy rules from the modified network based on the reflective neural network. To verify the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method, we develop a medical diagnostic system for thyroid diseases.


In this paper, we present some kinds of generalized homoclinic loops in planar piecewise smooth systems. By establishing Poincare map, we study the stability of generalized homoclinic loops for eac...


Several off-line mechanisms have been developed and applied for the participation of citizens in government policy making and services design. The increasing adoption of ICT, and especially the Internet, by individuals allows the development of a new generation of digital mechanisms for public participation (e-participation). The dominant digital mechanism has been in the last ten years the development of official e-participation websites by government agencies, which provide to the citizens information on government activities and also policies and services under formulation, and allow them to participate in relevant consultations in electronic fora. However, the effectiveness of this mechanism has been much lower than expectations. In this paper are presented three different digital mechanisms for public participation, which have been developed by the authors as part of European research projects. The first of them is based on the use of structured e-forum, in which citizens can enter only annotated postings according to a predefined discussion ontology. The second is based on the use of a central platform which can publish policy-related content and micro-applications to multiple social media simultaneously, and also collect and process data on citizens' interaction with them (e.g. views, comments, ratings, votes, etc.). While the previous mechanisms were moderated by government, the third one – still under development as part of the European research project NOMAD is non-moderated. It is based on the search by government agencies for content on a public policy under formulation, which has been created in numerous social media and other sources (e.g. blogs and micro-blogs, news sharing sites, online forums, etc.) by citizens freely, without any government initiation, stimulation or moderation, and the advanced processing of this content.


The primary reason for the widespread use of armor steel in tanks and other similar military vehicles is its material properties such as high strength, good weldability, sufficient toughness, and its lower manufacturing cost compared to other armor materials. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of welding groove angle and geometry on mechanical properties such as tension, compression, and bending strength of butt-joint armor steel. Armor steel plates have been prepared using X and V type welding geometries and three different types of groove angles, and these were joined through gas metal arc welding method (GMAW). The effects of welding parameters such as welding groove geometry and welding groove angle on tension, compression, and bending strength have also been studied numerically using finite element analysis (FEA). As a result, a welding angle of 54 degree and V-groove geometry were found to be the best mechanical properties for tension strength. Additionally, welding groove angle of 48 degree and X-groove geometry were found to be the best solution for compression strength of butt-joint welded armor steel.


Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson bring us a timely and interesting set of contributions in their edited collection, International Schools: Current Issues and Future Prospects. Noteworthy in their intr...


Grinding process is commonly selected for finishing operation because grinding has high accuracy and surface finish with a relatively high material removal rate. One of the most common issues in grinding process planning is to determine grinding condition for required surface roughness. This paper presents a feasibility study on grinding surface roughness modelling using genetic programming (GP) method. It has successfully demonstrated that GP could provide reliable prediction and has advantages over other established methods in terms of dealing with missing data during modelling process.


Abstract For the equation of a mixed parabolic-hyperbolic type with a power degeneration on the type change line, the inverse problems to determine the time-dependent factors of right-hand sides are studied. Based on the formula for solving a direct problem, the solution of inverse problems is equivalently reduced to the solvability of loaded integral equations. Using the theory of integral equations, the corresponding theorems for the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the stated inverse problems are proved and the explicit formulas for the solution have been given.


This paper presents an optimized low-complexity and high-throughput MIMO signal detector core for detecting spatially multiplexed data streams. The core architecture supports various layer configurations up to 4, while achieving near-optimal performance, and configurable modulation constellations up to 256-QAM on each layer. The core is capable of operating as a soft-input soft-output log-likelihood ratio (LLR) MIMO detector which can be used in the context of iterative detection and decoding. High area-efficiency is achieved via algorithmic and architectural optimizations performed at two levels. First, distance computations and slicing operations for an optimal 2-layer maximum a posteriori MIMO detector are optimized to eliminate use of multipliers and reduce the overhead of slicing in the presence of soft-input LLRs. We show that distances can be easily computed using elementary addition operations, while optimal slicing is done via efficient comparisons with soft decision boundaries, resulting in a simple feed-forward pipelined architecture. Second, to support more layers, an efficient channel decomposition scheme is presented that reduces the detection of multiple layers into multiple 2-layer detection subproblems, which map onto the 2-layer core with a slight modification using a distance accumulation stage and a post-LLR processing stage. Various architectures are accordingly developed to achieve a desired detection throughput and run-time reconfigurability by time-multiplexing of one or more component cores. The proposed core is applied also to design an optimal multiuser MIMO detector for LTE. The core occupies an area of 1.58 MGE and achieves a throughput of 733 Mbps for 256-QAM when synthesized in 90-nm CMOS.


How do we approach the subject of British grand strategy today? This article seeks a new approach to this question. It argues that there is a gap of grand strategic significance between actually-existing Britain and the Britain its political elites tend to imagine. The colonial and imperial histories that helped constitute and still shape the contemporary United Kingdom have fallen through this gap. One consequence is a grand strategic vision limited to a choice of partner in decline—Europe or the US. Overlooked are the power political potentialities of post-colonial generations situated in multiple sites at home and abroad. In search of this potential, we lay the conceptual basis for a strategic project in which the British 'island subject' is replaced by a globally networked community of fate: 'Brown Britain'. This entails reimagining the referent object of British strategy through diaspora economies, diverse histories and pluralized systems of agency. What might such a post-colonial strategy entail for British policy? We offer initial thoughts and reflect on the often occluded social and political theoretic content of strategic thought.


Two synthetic routes to 3′-deoxy-3′-azido nucleosides are described, one toward the synthesis of 3′-deoxy-3′-azidouridine and a second toward 3′-deoxy-3′-azidocytidine. The target compounds may serve as precursors to provide building blocks for use in automated synthesis of guanidine-linked RNA analogs (RNG) or oligonucleotide N3′→P5′ phosphoramidates. Moreover, the synthetic approaches are adaptable to the general synthesis of 3′-substituted 3′-deoxynucleosides for development of new antiviral drugs.


We measure the gravitational recoil for unequal-mass black-hole binary mergers, with the larger black hole having intrinsic spin $a/{m}^{H}=0.8$, and the smaller black hole nonspinning. We choose our configurations such that, initially, the spins lie on the orbital plane. The spin and orbital plane precess significantly (we introduce a technique to identify the orbital plane at merger), and we find that the out-of plane recoil (i.e. the recoil perpendicular to the orbital plane around merger) varies as ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{2}/(1+q)$, in agreement with our previous prediction, based on the post-Newtonian scaling.


In 2 experiments we describe the relevance of aircraft predictor information to the availability and deployment of visual attention. In both, airplane pilots fly a simulator in which flight path prediction is given bearing on the future state of their own aircraft and of a second traffic "intruder" aircraft that they must maneuver to avoid. The cockpit traffic display on which this information is depicted is an integral component of the concept of free flight or pilot self-separation. In Experiment 1 we show that added layers of predictive information improve performance, reduce mental workload (as subjectively measured), and that added complexity of the visual display thus resulting does not increase the inferred measure of head downtime (secondary-task performance). In Experiment 2 we examine the consequences to performance and visual attention if prediction is occasionally in error. We adopt the hypothesis that trust is related to the relative allocation of attention between the predictor symbol and th...


Acknowledements Introduction Early Modern Republicanism Enlightenment Republicanism Mechanical Republicanism: The American Case Contemporary Republicanism in What Used to be called the 'First World' Prospects for Republicanism Elsewhere Conclusion Bibliography Index


Blind component separation aims to decompose a single-channel vibration signal mixture into periodic components and random transient components. In addition to periodic components, random transient components with a high degree of impulsiveness are signals of interest in practice. An adaptive signal processing method called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) decomposes a nonlinear and non-stationary signal into the sum of simple components termed intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is an improvement of EMD and aims to relieve a mode mixing problem that exists in EMD. However, there is no universal standard formula that can be used to select appropriate parameters of EEMD. Improper parameters of EEMD still cause a mode mixing problem that makes a signal of a similar scale reside in some successive IMFs. An enhanced EEMD for the purpose of blind component separation is developed in this paper to respectively extract periodic components and random transient components from a single-channel vibration signal mixture. A revised spectral coherence is proposed to measure the spectral dependence between two successive IMFs. The closer the revised spectral coherence is to one, the higher the spectral dependence of two successive IMFs is. Additionally, a fusion rule based on locations of local minima of the revised spectral coherence is proposed to automatically fuse successive IMFs with similar characteristics into a new IMF, called an enhanced IMF (EIMF). Vibration signals including simulated and real multi-fault signals are used to verify the enhanced EEMD. A comparison with EEMD is conducted to show the superiority of the enhanced EEMD. The results demonstrate that the enhanced EEMD has better performance than EEMD for automatically extracting periodic components and random transient components from a single-channel vibration signal mixture.


Rice production caused methane emissions from ricefields intothe atmosphere. This experiment aimedto elucidate the impact of soil tillage and rice straw addition on the density of organic carbon components in the paddy soil, the contribution of methane emission into the atmosphere and the global warming potential. The experiment was conducted in irrigated area during the second rice cropping season in 2008. Completely randomized design of 2x3factorial treatments with2levelsof rice straw addition; withand without rice straw addition, and3conditions of soil tillage;1)notillage,2) incorporation of rice stubble, and3) incorporation of rice stubble,harrowingandthen puddling. The total 6treatments were carried out with 3 replications. Using the Chainat 1 rice, the result found that soil tillage affected the density of organic carbon components in paddy soil. The increasing number of soil tillage accelerated the decomposition of rice straw and stubble leading to the decreasing density of total organic carbon (TOC) andeachcomponent, i.e., rice roots (RR),particulateorganic residue (POR) andsoilorganic carbon(SOC). The addition of 4 tons of rice straw per rai to paddy soil in one growing season had no effect on the accumulation of organiccarboninsoil. Theexperiment further revealedthat total methaneemission(TME) increased withincreasing number of soil tillage and ranged from 20.6 to 102.3 gCH4 m-2 equivalent to Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 129to642gCeqm-2 . Furthermore, stubble incorporating,harrowing and then puddling released higher TME by53% compared with no tillage while incorporation of 4 tons of rice straw per rai, harrowing and puddling released higher TME andGWPby65%compared with noricestraw and notillage.However, reduction of tillage and soil preparation with stubble incorporation under moist-soil condition alone could decrease methane emission and mitigate global warmingpotential (GWP) by 32% compared with notillage.


Let H be a Hilbert space and J ∈ C(H, ). Denote δJ its Frechet derivative and J ′ its gradient. The objective of this research is to develop computational theory and methods for finding multiple critical points, i.e., solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equation J (u) = 0. A critical point u is nondegenerate if J (u) is invertible. Otherwise u is degenerate. The first candidates for a critical point are the local extrema to which the classical critical point theory was devoted in calculus of variation. Most conventional numerical algorithms focus on finding such stable solutions. Critical points that are not local extrema are unstable and called saddle points. In physical systems, saddle points appear as unstable equilibria or transient excited states. (In)Stability is one of the main concerns in system design and control. However, in many applications, performance or maneuverability is more desirable. An unstable solution can be stable enough to accomplish a short term mission before being excited to decay to another desirable state [14,15,22] and it may have much higher performance or maneuverability index. Due to unstable nature, those multiple solutions are very elusive to be numerically captured. Little is known in the literature. Minimax method is one of the most popular approaches in critical point theory, But most minimax theorems, such as, the mountain pass, various linking and saddle point theorems, focus on the existence issue. They require one to solve a two-level global optimization problem and therefore are not for algorithm implementation. Inspired by the numerical work of Chio-McKenna and Ding-Costa-Chen in [9,12], the idea of Nehari and Ding-Ni to define a solution manifold and the Morse theory, we present a local minimax method (LMM). Consider a semilinear elliptic BVP as a model problem


A distributed user interface to the Space Telescope Data Archive and Distribution Service (DADS) known as StarView is being developed. The DADS architecture consists of the data archive as well as a relational database catalog describing the archive. StarView is a client/server system in which the user interface is the front-end client to the DADS catalog and archive servers. Users query the DADS catalog from the StarView interface. Query commands are transmitted via a network and evaluated by the database. The results are returned via the network and are displayed on StarView forms. Based on the results, users decide which data sets to retrieve from the DADS archive. Archive requests are packaged by StarView and sent to DADS, which returns the requested data sets to the users. The advantages of distributed client/server user interfaces over traditional one-machine systems are well known. Since users run software on machines separate from the database, the overall client response time is much faster. Also, since the server is free to process only database requests, the database response time is much faster. Disadvantages inherent in this architecture are slow overall database access time due to the network delays, lack of a 'get previous row' command, and that refinements of a previously issued query must be submitted to the database server, even though the domain of values have already been returned by the previous query. This architecture also does not allow users to cross correlate DADS catalog data with other catalogs. Clearly, a distributed user interface would be more powerful if it overcame these disadvantages. A local database is being integrated into StarView to overcome these disadvantages. When a query is made through a StarView form, which is often composed of fields from multiple tables, it is translated to an SQL query and issued to the DADS catalog. At the same time, a local database table is created to contain the resulting rows of the query. The returned rows are displayed on the form as well as inserted into the local database table. Identical results are produced by reissuing the query to either the DADS catalog or to the local table. Relational databases do not provide a 'get previous row' function because of the inherent complexity of retrieving previous rows of multiple-table joins. However, since this function is easily implemented on a single table, StarView uses the local table to retrieve the previous row. Also, StarView issues subsequent query refinements to the local table instead of the DADS catalog, eliminating the network transmission overhead. Finally, other catalogs can be imported into the local database for cross correlation with local tables. Overall, it is believe that this is a more powerful architecture for distributed, database user interfaces.


The present problems of grinding ball in ball mill of thermal power plant was analyzed and a new wear-resistant material of Cr-Mn-W cast iron was developed, which has tiny crystal, even metallurgical structure and good wear-resistant. The grinding ball manufactured by new material,wore off only 0.52~1.20 mm in diameter after 1 000 h running time, and wore evenly, which make the ball size distribution stability, so the grinding efficiency could be increased, the load balls weight and the cost of grinding ball could be reduced. The test shows that the load balls weight was reduced 30%~50%, electrical energy consumption was reduced 20%~30%, and balls cost was reduced 60%~80% respectively.


The development of self-organizing MAS still lacks rigorous verification methods to ensure the convergence and resilience of the designed system. Such insurances can be obtained through the application of formal methods. However, the integration of these techniques is still modest due to the complexity of the dynamics of self-organizing MAS which makes the overall function emerging. In this article, we explore the potential of formal languages, in particular Event-B and the TLA logic to prove the convergence and the resilience of the system. We assume that these properties can first, be observed at the global level by simulation. Then, Formal techniques allow us to prove them. Our work is illustrated by the foraging ant's case study. MOTS-CLÉS : SMA auto-organisateurs, fourmis fourrageuses, vérification formelle, B-événementiel, TLA.


Annually, a number of final year medical students from Lund University in Sweden travel to various healthcare facilities globally. We chose to go to the island of Sri Lanka, spending our elective at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Colombo. The dissimilarity between healthcare in Sweden and in Sri Lanka was evident throughout our stay. The design of healthcare facilities in Sri Lanka focused less on patient privacy and more on efficiency. The workload for doctors in Colombo was heavier than their Swedish counterparts. In general, outcome for Swedish patients is favourable when compared to Sri Lankan. We believe the difference in outcome is due to the unequal financial situations of the countries. Teaching approach in Sri Lanka diverted from Swedish practice by being more authoritarian but also exceedingly efficient. The large number of patients in wards and outpatient clinics allowed for us to experience a wide range of patient cases, offering important insights in medicine. It has been questioned whether the tradition of international electives is ethically justifiable. We therefore believe it important to stress that throughout our stay we were participating as observing students, not practicing doctors. We regard our elective a valuable experience, providing us with knowledge we will use in our future profession. Time spent observing Sri Lankan healthcare will also serve as a reminder to remain humble towards different cultures. We are now aware of the privileges we have, practicing medicine in a socioeconomically strong country.


This paper describes an experimental log evaluation technique to identify and to evaluate the fractured intervals occurring within the Twin Creek limestone of the Overthrust belt. The area of study is the Yellow Creek field located approximately 3 miles southwest of Evanston, WY. The technique uses the response characteristics of the two resistivity curves from the Dual Laterlog (DLL) service to locate the fractured intervals and to identify the fluid type within the fractures. Example logs and crossplots are shown.


The training manual is devoted to the problem of herpetic infection in dentistry and was developed taking into account world scientific and clinical practice, experience working on clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as experimental, laboratory and clinical data obtained by the authors. This manual presents materials related to modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of herpetic infection, modern diagnostic methods are highlighted, and current complex treatment algorithms are proposed, and clinical cases are presented. Recommended as a guide for practitioners of various specialties, clinical residents, senior students.


The invention relates to a speed-increasing tail device of a helicopter, comprising a tail rotor and a driving shaft, wherein the tail rotor is connected with the driving shaft through a two-stage bevel gear reducer and obtains power from the driving shaft to rotate slantwise. The speed-increasing tail device has the advantages that not only can the reaction torque of the rotor be balance, the direction be controlled but also forward thrust can be provided, thereby increasing the flight speed of the helicopter, and if the tail rotor of the helicopter has a fault in flight, the helicopter still can fly at higher speed, thereby enhancing the safety of the helicopter, especially the safety of the helicopter inside the battlefront.


The sustainable development goals (SDGs) provide an integrated framework of targets and indicators, including the elimination of stunting, to support better development planning. Indonesia faces a significant challenge as it ranks fourth globally in terms of stunting prevalence, exacerbated by disparities across regions, gender, and socioeconomic status, further compounded by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Given the interlinked nature of SDGs, this study provides empirical support for the prioritization of SDG indicators, primarily in the context of stunting elimination at the district level in Indonesia. This study employed a combination of economic complexity and network theory, utilizing data from a comprehensive set of 54 indicators spanning 28 targets within 13 SDG goals in 514 districts. The analysis is based on network metrics, including revealed comparative advantage (RCA), proximity, centrality, and density to establish the SDG interlinkage network and identify key priority indicators. The findings highlight the importance of prioritizing indicators such as civil registration, health facilities and services, access to basic facilities and housing, and access to ICT in efforts to reduce stunting, particularly among disadvantaged households. Given the unique resources and capacities of each region, our analysis offers district-specific prioritization strategies for stunting elimination.


2. Pogatzki-Zahn E, Lukaszewicz A, Sook-Leng Chew M, Samama CM. In reply to "Representation of women as editors in anesthesiology journals" by McMullen et al. Anesth & Analg. 2022;134:e38–e39. 3. Miller J, Chuba E, Deiner S, DeMaria S Jr, Katz D. Trends in authorship in anesthesiology journals. Anesth Analg. 2019;129:306–310. 4. Casadevall A, Handelsman J. The presence of female conveners correlates with a higher proportion of female speakers at scientific symposia. mBio. 2014;5:e00846‐e00913. 5. Pinho-Gomes AC, Vassallo A, Thompson K, Womersley K, Norton R, Woodward M. Representation of women among editors in chief of leading medical journals. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2123026. 6. Rouan J, Velazquez G, Freischlag J, Kibbe MR. Publication bias is the consequence of a lack of diversity, equity, and inclusion. J Vasc Surg. 2021;74:111S–117S.


An exact description of $\pi$ electrons based on the tight-binding model of graphene as an alternant, plane macromolecule is presented. The model molecule can contain an arbitrary number of benzene rings and has armchair- and zigzag-shaped edges. This suggests an instructive alternative to the most commonly used approach, where the reference is made to the honeycomb lattice periodic in its A and B sublattices. Several advantages of the macromolecule model are demonstrated. The newly derived analytical relations detail our understanding of $\pi$ electron nature in achiral graphene ribbons and carbon tubes and classify these structures as quantum wires.


Through analyzing the background and present situation of teachers college library's opening to primary and middle schools,this paper expounds the necessity and possibility of teachers college library's opening to primary and middle schools,and in the light of some problems in the opening process,puts forward some corresponding countermeasures.


Low-energy effective theories have been used very successfully to
study the low-energy limit of QCD, providing us with results for a
plethora of phenomena, ranging from bound-state formation to phase
transitions in QCD. These theories are consistent quantum field theories
by themselves and can be embedded in QCD, but typically have a physical
ultraviolet cutoff that restricts their range of validity. Here, we
provide a discussion of the concept of renormalization group
consistency, aiming at an analysis of cutoff effects and
regularization-scheme dependences in general studies of low-energy
effective theories. For illustration, our findings are applied to
low-energy effective models of QCD in different approximations including
the mean-field approximation. More specifically, we consider hot and
dense as well as finite systems and demonstrate that violations of
renormalization group consistency affect significantly the predictive
power of the corresponding model calculations.


Recent progresses in isotope analysis based on the mass spectrometry technique enabled us to detect small changes of the many elements in the periodic table. Among the elements, stable isotope studies using Fe has been widely adopted to understand both the mechanism of Fe metabolism in marine organisms and the bio-cycling of Fe in marine environment. Iron is typical essential inorganic nutrients for all plants and animals. For the land organisms, the Fe isotope ratios varies significantly with increase of the trophic level (Walczyk and Blanckenburg, 2002, 2005). In strike contrast, for marine organisms, because of very limited availability of Fe in seawater, the intake efficiency for Fe could be higher than those for the terrestrial animals. Higher intake efficiency of Fe can results in smaller magnitude of isotopic fractionation through dietary process, and therefore, the difference in the Fe isotope ratios for marine organisms of lower trophic levels were close to the seawater sample (Jong et al., 2007; Bergquist and Boyle, 2006). Moreover, there were no significant difference in the Fe isotope ratios (<0.5‰) for high trophic level marine organisms between muscle and liver (Yamagata, in prep). These studies revealed that magnitude of the isotope effects on Fe can reflect both the nutritional status of Fe in animals and the availability of Fe in marine environments. To investigate this, we have measured the Fe/Fe and Fe/Fe for deep-sea organisms in hydrothermal field for understanding Fe bio-cycle which has both characteristics of environment, terrestrial and marine. In this study, Chrysomallon squamiferum called "Scaly-foot" gastropod (n=5) and Gigantopelta aegis (n=5) from a deep-sea hydrothermal field at the Longqi vent field, Southwest Indian Ridge, were subsidized to the Fe isotope ratio analysis. The Chrysomallon squamiferum has unique scale made of iron sulphide on its foot (Suzuki et al., 2006). The Gigantopelta aegis, collected in the identical locations for the Chrysomallon squamiferum, has a thick iron oxide coating on the shell. Both the Chrysomallon squamiferum and Gigantopelta aegis has sulphur-oxidizing bacteria in oesophageal gland to form a symbiotic relation. Sclerite samples and soft body samples of muscle, ctnidium, blood, heart, and oesophageal gland were decomposed, and the Fe was extracted by anion-exchange chromatography. The Fe isotopic ratios were analyzed by a multiple collector-ICP-mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) technique (Nu Plasma II) equipped with a desolvating sample introduction system and pseudo high resolution mode. The resulting Fe isotope ratios demonstrated the distinct variations in the Fe/Fe and Fe/Fe ratios for Chrysomallon squamiferum and Gigantopelta aegis samples. The resulting δFe values for all soft body samples collected from the Chrysomallon squamiferum were systematically higher than those for the Gigantopelta aegis, whereas no significant difference in the δFe values could be found for oesophageal gland samples collected from Chrysomallon squamiferum and Gigantopelta aegis samples. It should be noted that the δFe for all the soft body samples from the Chrysomallon squamiferum was rather higher than those for symbiotic bacteria. This can reflect both very high intake efficiency of Fe from marine environments and the small contribution of Fe intake through the symbiotic bacterial for the Chrysomallon squamiferum. The Fe isotope signature obtained here demonstrate the clear difference in the Fe metabolism between Chrysomallon squamiferum and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. The details of the mechanism why separate the δFe values of these two samples will be discussed in this presentation. BCG04-10 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016


Iron is the essential component of our body especially used to make Hemoglobin. If the intake of iron enters from our food less than issued, it makes our reserve iron will be used, and it can cause iron deficiency. There are three pathogenesis stages of iron deficiency, first marked by reduced iron reserve or the absence of iron reserved, ferritin levels decreased, while other parameters to determinate the presence of iron deficiency( Serum Iron, TIBC, Hb, Transferrin Saturation) are still normal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship level of donor iron components and quality of Packed Red Cells (PRC) in UDD PMI Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The result of the research was conducted in April 2021, using 86 blood samples from donors. It showed there were 15 samples with iron deficiency. Consisted of 9 samples with iron deficiency in the first stage and 6 samples in the second stage. It is known that there are 6 samples with poor PRC quality; all of them are iron deficiency in the second stage. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship iron component level of the donor and the quality of PRC p<0,05.


Objective To study the significance of clock drawing test(CDT) and MMSE in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods MMSE,CDT and ADAS-cog were used to assess the intellectual ability of 72 AD patients.Results Results of evaluating degree of Alzheimer's disease(AD) by MMSE,CDT and ADAS-cog were coincident.Conclusion The examination by combining MMSE,CDT and ADAS-cog is the ideal cognitive screening test for Alzheimer's disease.CDT is easy to use and sensitive for diagnosis.


The features of water resources of Yellow river, current conditions of water consumption and main contradictions in the use of water resources are summarized in this paper. It analyzes the water regulation system of Longyangxia Liujiaxia reservoirs on the Yellow River. Combining the transportation of water from south to north in the western line, the system has made full analyses not only for the capability of regulating allocation of water resources, but also the capabilities of coordinating hydroelectric resources utilization and allocation of water resources.


OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the differences of serum lipoproteins and antiphospholipid antibodies and their relationships in diverse phases of multiple sclerosis (MS).
 BACKGROUND:
Emerging evidences indicate an association between MS disease progression and lipoproteins/cholesterol homeostasis that is important for formation and maintenance of myelin. An increased frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies have been shown in MS patients, nevertheless the pathogenic role of these antibodies remains not fully clarified.
 DESIGN/METHODS:
This observational laboratory-blinded prospective study evaluated total cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), triglyceride (TG) and Lipoprotein(a) levels as well as antibodies anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I, anti-prothrombin, anti-annexinV (IgG, IgM) in 93 consecutive MS patients (71F/22M) including 15 secondary progressive (SP)MS patients, 55 relapsing-remitting in remission and 23 in relapse. SPSS software was used for all statistical evaluations.
 RESULTS:
SPMS patients were significantly older, with longer disease duration, higher EDSS and TC level (p=0.05) than other two patient groups. The rate of positivity for anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I IgM (p<0.0001) and for anti-prothrombin IgG/IgM (p=0.05 for both) was significantly higher in relapsing patients compared to other groups.
We found a positive correlation between EDSS and levels of both TC and LDL (p=0.01 and p=0.007 respectively), and between disease duration and LDL (p=0.02). The levels of TC were positively correlated with LDL and TG (p<0.0001 for both). The levels of TG were positively correlated with LDL (p=0.01) but negatively correlated with HDL (p<0.0001). We found also that the positivity for anti-annexin V IgG was associated with high levels of both TC and LDL (p=0.002 and 0.03 respectively).
 CONCLUSIONS:
Based on our findings we hypothesize that the pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic processes associated with dyslipidemia could contribute to disease progression in MS via diverse mechanisms at vascular endothelium of blood brain barrier. However, further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm our preliminary data.
 Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Koudriavtseva has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering as a speaker. Dr. Mandoj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cigliana has nothing to disclose. Dr. D9Agosto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cordiali-Fei has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conti has nothing to disclose.


At present, the small diameter thin wall thickness round steel pipes are usually welded by hand butt welding, in order to improve production efficiency and stabilize welding quality, adopting TIG pipeline automatic welding machine to weld16 Mn steel small diameter round pipe. In this article, it researched the influence rule of welding current and group gap on metallographic structure and mechanical properties of 16 Mn steel small diameter round pipe. The result showed that the quality of 16 Mn steel joints are the best when the welding current is 90 A and the group gap is 1.0 mm. The joint tensile strength of1.0mm gap is higher than that of 1.5 mm gap, and the former is with better toughness. A small amount of pearlite and strip ferrite formed in the fusion zone are the main reason for other properties deviation.


The sublevel method of caving of the ore and wallrocks in the Sasa Mine has been used since the mine was put into operation. It is used mainly for excavation of ore bodies whose hanging wallrocks (schists) are prone to caving. Experimental studies were carried out on equivalent materials for the determination of optimal parameters of sublevel caving (Swedish variant). The experiments lasted for quite some time and demanded a good amount of funds. The paper suggests a method for optimization of geometric parameters in sublevel caving with mathematical modeling and computer application as a more efficient approach compared with the one mentioned before.


With a steady growth in use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products the unintended exposure to humans has increased. The risks associated with introduction of NPs in the environment have been widely investigated, but mostly for single type of NPs. Herein, a single NP and NP co‐exposure study is reported: the cellular effects of silver and platinum NPs on the main components of the blood–brain barrier, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, and human primary astrocytes. The synergy is quantitatively evaluated as per the Chou–Talalay method. NP co‐exposure synergistically inhibits proliferation of both cell types, to a greater extent for endothelial cells. In addition, astrocytes are more tolerant to NPs. The mechanism of synergy with short‐duration incubation time points (up to 30 min) is further explored. Although intracellular trafficking studies and quantitative assessments of NP uptake does not explain the mechanisms of synergistic cytotoxicity, a proteomics analysis suggests that it arises from activation of an immune modulating response and deregulation of the extracellular matrix organization. The substantial synergetic effects in the co‐exposure studies highlight the importance of this work in relation to assessment of the health risks associated with nanomaterials.


The objective of this study is to coat the SiO₂ layer uniformly on the ZnS:Cu phosphors by using Sol-Gel method. From results of SEM micrographs observation, XRD and XPS analysis, it could be confirmed that SiO₂ layer was relatively well coated on ZnS:Cu particles. Ag2S was used as a decoding chemical to analyze the dense and uniform coating performance of SiO₂ layer on phosphor particles. It could be concluded that phosphors synthesized from our two step replacement method showed strong blue peak comparing to other method and rather weak green peak also. Obtained particle size of phosphors were about 20m diameter. Luminescence properties of the phosphors were examined by photoluminescence spectra at the excitation wavelength of 270 ㎚.


The circuit is for improving the definition ratio of the picture without increasing the frequency bandwidth in the NTSC image processing system. The circuit also prevents the second harmonic involving into the configuration compensation element so that the level conversion time of the image signal is reduced and the roll- off quantity is controlled. The circuit comprises a first pass delaying the input brightness signal for certain time, a converter reforming the wave by differentiating the input brightness signal and taking its absolute value, a quantitised means emphasising the signal with low signal difference, but by passing it with the high signal difference after differentiating again, a gain controller controlling the configuration compensating quantity, and an adder adding compensation signal to the original one.


Systematics of five Streptomyces strains isolated from fish and shellfish revealed the predominance of Genus, Streptomyces . Majority of them was grouped under gray colour series. Strains having rectiflexibiles of sporophore morphology were identified. Smooth walled spores were maximum in number. Isolates showed variations in requirement of sodium chloride for their growth. The bioactive compounds produced by them inhibited fish pathogen. Vibrio angiiillarum and human pathogens such as Aspergillns niger and Staphylococcus aureus . All the five strams of Streptomyces deviated from type strains and formed new taxa.