ion f belonging to such a set, for any ground theorem ', exists in 2 a proof 2 of the abstracted theorem f('); moreover exists (at least) one way to \map back" (at least one of the possible) 2 to 1 which gives rise to an outline of the ground proof. can be subsequently re ned. It is important to observe that in interactive abstract theorem proving there is no need to interact only with human beings. Thus, in order to achieve automatic theorem proving in limited domains, an interactive abstract theorem prover, like ABSFOL, could be interfaced with external control programs based on euristic strategies [Kno91, BGW91]. Moreover, such system can be provided with an internal ML-like metalanguage for writing programs which implements control strategies, called tactics [GT93]. Automated theorem proving can then be implemented by writing complex tactics. 3 The map colouring problem As an example of interactive abstract theorem proving, in this paper we will consider the very well-known problem of colouring the various regions of a planar map using only four di erent colours. In Figure 1 we nd a very simple example taken from [McC90]. According to McCarthy, we can formalize the problem in terms of theorem proving as follows. We need a set of variables (like Albania, Andorra, Austria, : : : or r1,r2, : : : ) each representing a region of the given map, a binary predicate n() \next", representing the frontier constraints (e.g. n(Austria,Italy)), and a set of the four individual constants y; b; g; r (yellow, blue, green, red). Then we de ne an axiom \colours", written as a conjunction of colouring constraints like n(y,b) (\a yellow-coloured state can border a blue-coloured one"). Using ABSFOL, the problem can be initialized as follows: 4 NONAME:: NAMECONTEXT gmap; GMAP:: DECLARE INDCONST y b g r; GMAP:: DECLARE INDVAR r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6; GMAP:: DECLARE PREDCONST n 2; GMAP:: AXIOM colours : n(y,b) and n(y,g) and n(y,r) and n(b,y) and n(b,g) and n(b,r) and n(g,y) and n(g,b) and n(g,r) and n(r,y) and n(r,b) and n(r,g); The goal is given by the conjuction of all and only the frontier constraints of the map: exists r1 ... r6. ( n(r1,r2) and n(r1,r3) and ... and n(r5,r6) ) 4In ABSFOL, Teletype font is used to write the input and output of ABSFOL. UPPERCASE TELETYPE is used for key-words. \<string>::" is the ABSFOL prompt: the string before \:: " is the name of the current context, that is the theory we are working in. NAMECONTEXT names the current context. DECLARE adds new symbols to the current context. AXIOM adds an axiom to the current context. Both the input and the output have been slightly edited to make them more readable. 4 Figure 1: A solution to a map colouring problem via abstraction. Using a formalization like this, the solution is usually very computationally explosive for any automatic theorem prover [McC90], as it involves a lot of backtracking. According to Mozeti~c [Moz90], for a map of 32 European countries a prolog program implementing a chronological backtracking algorithm needs 12 CPU-time days. We want to show that abstraction can guide a theorem prover to solve the problem in linear time, eliminating any backtrack 5. Following Kempe [Kem79] we rst note that any region with three or fewer neighbours presents no problem, as there is always a colour available. Thus we can abstract the original map by eliminating all such countries (see Fig 1). In our formalization, this means mapping any frontier constraint involving such less-relevant countries (e.g. n(r3,r4)) into TRUE (step (ii)). This gives rise to a simpler representation of the problem, as the number of countries will have decreased and, most important, many of the countries left will surely loose some neighbours. Thus we can iterate this process until we have no region with more than three neighbours: this nal representation is automatically solvable at the rst attempt in linear time, without backtracking (step (iii)). Each level's solution becomes a plan for the next lower level (step (iv)), and can also be re ned without backtracking as it also needs colouring only less-thenfour-bordered regions (step (v)). We can use this process with complicate maps. For instance, we can colour a 1989 Europe map 6 using only three consequent abstractions. The rst abstraction introduces the greatest simpli cation of the problem, as it eliminates the following countries: Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Ireland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Holland, Luxembourg, Lichtenstein, Denmark, Poland, Turkey, Monaco, 5Even if a very simple input problem is given, a standard algorithm for automatic theorem proving could need some backtracking to solve it [McC90]. For instance, if we try to colour the map in Figure 1 starting from countries r4,r5 by using an ordinary chronological backtracking algorithm, we will need more than 24 steps instead of 6. 6 In order to make comparisons with [Moz90], we refer to a 1989 Europe map, with still Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and two distinct german nations. 5 S.Marino, Vatican City, Albania, East Germany. As there are still some countries with more than three neighbours, we must iterate the process. The second and third abstraction remove respectivelyBelgium, Czechoslovakia, U.S.S.R., Bulgaria, Greece, and France, West Germany, Romania, Hungary. Now the abstract problem is su ciently reduced to be solved directly, as there are only four countries left: Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Yugoslavia. Now the whole colouring process follows easily, by colouring at each step all the nations of a di erent abstract level (in linear time). As a whole, three concatenated abstractions have guided the system to a complete colouring, with no backtracking. 4 The ve steps In this section we describe some of the details of the ve steps of interactive abstract theorem proving, as they are listed in the schema of Page 3. For such a task, we present a full mechanization of the map colouring example of Figure 1. 4.1 Step (i): abstraction de nition As we said in Section 2, in order to achieve satisfactorily an abstract-checked proof for a given goal ' in 1, the abstraction f : 1 ) 2 must be very speci c for '. For such a task ABSFOL provides some tools for de ning abstractions [Seb93]: a language, general enough to preserve all the expressive power of the formal de nition of abstraction [GW92a]; an interpreter for such a language, which allows for the automatic (partial or total) generation of the abstract space; a hardwired library of context-independent abstractions (abstraction prototypes), which can be instantiated into the desired application. In order to solve the map colouring problem of Figure 1, the user can de ne the abstraction kempe, which eliminates the regions r4 and r5 7: GMAP:: MAKECONTEXT amap; GMAP:: DEFINE ABSTRACTION kempe : gmap ==> amap BY PROTOTYPE logic_pres .... NEWRULESABS( n(r4,$x) ) := TRUE ABS( n($x,r4) ) := TRUE ABS( exists r4. $A ) := ABS($A) ABS( n(r5,$x) ) := TRUE ABS( n($x,r5) ) := TRUE ABS( exists r5. $A ) := ABS($A); 7 MAKECONTEXT creates a new empty context. gmap and amap are the names of the ground and abstract contexts. The symbols beginning with \$" are meta-variables. As ABSFOL is still at prototype level, the syntax of the commands can change from time to time. 6 An abstraction is de ned by a set of (terminating) rewrite rules, plus a description of the mapping of the alphabet symbols. The declaration of kempe can be easily performed by instantiating an abstraction prototype, that is a pre-compiled set of rules: \similar" abstractions are obtained from the same prototype. In particular logic pres consists of rules like: ABS(forall $x. $A) := forall $x. ABS($A) ABS($A and $B) := ABS($A) and ABS($B) which preserve the logical stucture of a w . We can note that it is easy to write an external program able to generate automatically the suitable abstraction for a given map colouring problem: finitialize abstraction f : 1 ) 2 g for any country ri do if fri occurs less then four times in the goalg then fadd to f the rules for eliminating rig The computational cost of such programs is O(n2). 4.2 Step (ii): abstraction application Step (ii) consists of the generation of an abstracted version of a given problem (an abstract context with new axioms and a new goal). This is performed by means of bridge rules, i.e. rules which allow us to derive facts in a context from one in another context: any application can be considered to be a form of inference in a multi-context system [Giu93]. In our example: 8 GMAP:: ABSTRACT ALPHABET BY kempe; `r' is declared to be a new indconst in `amap'. .... GMAP:: ABSTRACT ALLAXIOMS BY kempe; colours: n(y,b) and n(y,g) and n(y,r) and n(b,y) and n(b,g) and n(b,r) and n(g,y) and n(g,b) and n(g,r) and n(r,y) and n(r,b) and n(r,g); is a mapped axiom in `amap'. GMAP:: ABSTRACT GOAL exists r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6.( n(r1,r2) and n(r1,r3) and n(r1,r5) and n(r1,r6) and n(r2,r3) and n(r2,r4) and n(r2,r5) and n(r2,r6) and n(r3,r4) and n(r3,r6) and n(r5,r6)) BY kempe; exists r1 r2 r3 r6. (n(r1,r2) and n(r1,r3) and TRUE and n(r1,r6) and n(r2,r3) and TRUE and TRUE and n(r2,r6) and TRUE and n(r3,r6) and TRUE) is the mapped goal from `gmap'. 8 The lines which follow \;" and are before the prompt are ABSFOL's output. 7 The rst command completely generates the language of amap; the second abstracts all the ground axioms by adding the mapped axioms to amap; the last abstracts the goal. The whole action could have been achieved in only one step: GMAP:: ABSTRACT CONTEXT BY kempe; In such case the action becomes fully automatic. The simpli ed representation of the problem we have obtained is equivalent to the second pattern of Figure 1. 4.3 Step (iii): theorem proving in the abstract space By step (iii) we mean \standard" theorem proving in a (hopefully simpler) abstract context. Colouring a map is a typical form of backward theorem proving, from the goal to the axioms. Unfortunately, the implementation of backward inf


Identification of a cytogenetic signature that allows distinguishing high from low LET exposure is a longstanding goal in radiobiology. High LET particles deposit the energy in a narrow region around their trajectory, while γ-rays or X-rays deposit the dose uniformly in cell nuclei. Thus, it has been predicted that high LET radiation preferentially produces multiple breaks within a given chromosome which will result in intra-chromosomal aberrations [1]. In contrast, after low LET exposure many chromosomes will be damaged, favouring the formation of inter-chromosome aberrations. Until recently the detection of intra-chromosomal exchanges was hampered by the low resolution of the available staining techniques such as Gor R-banding. With the advent of multicolour banding (mBAND) this limitation has been overcome, i.e. breakpoints can be unequivocally identified, even if highly complex rearrangements are induced (see fig 1 c, d). In the present study we report first results obtained by mBAND for human lymphocytes exposed in vitro or in vivo. For in vitro experiments, lymphocytes of a healthy volunteer were irradiated with 2 Gy of 11.4 MeV/u C-ions (LET = 175 keV/μm) or 4 Gy X-rays. Cells were cultured in medium containing BrdU. After 48-72 hr the lymphocytes were fixed and chromosome spreads were prepared. Slides were hybridized with an mBAND probe specific for chromosome 2 (XCyte 2, MetaSystems, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Aberrations were analysed in first cycle metaphases identified by BrdU-incorporation [2]. Additionally, lymphocytes from a prostate cancer patient treated with photon-IMRT were analysed. Cells were obtained at the end of therapy (38 fractions × 2 Gy) and processed as described above.


Aspects of the thermal conductivity, λ, of a Lennard–Jones (LJ) solid along an isotherm and the sublimation line are studied using equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A reformulation of the Green–Kubo time correlation function expression for λ in the form of a probability distribution function (PDF) of single trajectory contributions (STC) exhibits the same characteristic statistical trends as found previously for liquids, even at high pressures and low temperatures. The analysis reveals that for short periods of time the thermal conductivity can be negative. This feature is evident along the sublimation line isobar and a low‐temperature isotherm going to high densities. Along the isobar and isotherm lines, λ is to a good approximation a power law in temperature and density, respectively. This behavior is used in a more general thermodynamics‐based analysis description of the state point dependence of the thermal conductivity. The heat flux autocorrelation function increasingly develops a damped oscillatory appearance as pressure increases or temperature decreases, consistent with the phonon formulation of thermal conductivity.


Abstract. Vultures are crucial components of ecosystems as they perform important ecological and aesthetic functions. They provide sanitation services by feeding on carcasses, which would otherwise decay and possibly become a source of disease affecting the health of other animals. In the last few decades, populations have declined drastically, mainly due to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac used in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. In the current study, we investigated the abundance of vultures inhabiting Pir Lasura National Park in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, from September 2015 to August 2016. We recorded three vulture species, including near-threatened Himalayan Griffons (Gyps himalayensis), endangered Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) and critically endangered White-rumped Vultures (Gyps bengalensis), distributed across elevations ranging from 560–1530 masl. The Himalayan Griffons were the most common in the surveyed region (n = 128 individuals), followed by White-rumped Vultures (n = 48 individuals), and Egyptian Vultures (n = 41 individuals). Mean numbers of birds at roosts ranged from 7–20 for Himalayan Griffons, 14–26 for Egyptian Vultures, and 15–23 for White-rumped Vultures. We also identified a previously unknown roost of White-rumped Vultures that could be a potentially important area of conservation focus given the decline of this species in Pakistan. Due to declining populations in other parts of the world, the vulture populations we studied should be regularly monitored as a partial assessment of their conservation needs.


A series of lecture notes on the elementary theory of algebraic numbers, using only knowledge of a first-semester graduate course in algebra (primarily groups and rings). No prerequisite knowledge of fields is required. Based primarily on the texts of E. Hecke, Lectures on the Theory of Algebraic Numbers, Springer-Verlag, 1981 (English translation by G. Brauer and J. Goldman) and D. Marcus, Number Fields, Springer, 1977.


Background: Despite technological advancement in uro-radiology, renal ultrasonography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluating various pathological conditions affecting urinary tract (GIT) system.Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating sonographic features of radiologically nonfunctional kidneys in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: A prospective study involving 94 each of disease and control group were conducted in Kano metropolis from January 2019 to January 2021. Renal scans were performed using a digital ultrasound imaging system; model DP-8800Plus fitted with a 3.5MHz curvilinear transducer. The maximum length, width, and thickness were measured. The renal echogenicity was assessed and graded. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0Results: The mean values of the right and left renal volumes among adult patients was 400.5 ± 527.3 cm3 and 177.6 ± 174.3 cm3 respectively. For pediatric patients it was 272.3 ± 308.6 cm3 and 241.6 ± 228.7 cm3 for the right and left kidney respectively. The renal parenchymal echogenicity of the right kidney among adult patients were sored as grade II 2 (5.3%), grade III 27 (71%), and grade IV 9 (23.7%), while that pediatric patients were Grade 0 (11.1%), and 8 (88.9%) as grade III. The adults left kidney were scored grade II 2 (6%), and 16 (47%) each as grades III and IV, while the pediatric group scored 3 (25%) as grade II, and 9 (75%) as grade III.Conclusion: Increased renal volume, shrunken kidney, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and severe hydronephrosis were strong sonographic indicators of nonfunctional kidneys.


A sequence of null hypotheses regarding the number of negligible effects (zero effects) in orthogonal saturated designs is formulated. Two step-up simultaneous testing procedures are proposed to identify active effects (nonzero effects) under the commonly used assumption of effect sparsity. It is shown that each procedure controls the experimentwise error rate at a given a level in the strong sense.


The invention discloses a same tower multi-loop asymmetric line parameter measuring method under high-induced voltage, which comprises the following steps: S1, impedances between any two loops of the same tower and multi-loop line are measured; S2, capacitance of single loop line is measured; and S3, coupling capacitance of any two loops in the same tower multi-loop line is measured. The measuring method can ensure accuracy and safety of measurement, and eliminate influence of strong induced voltage.


This paper reports on a laboratory study that examines the effectiveness of submerged vanes for the control of erosion in strongly curved narrow channel bends. All previous researches on submerged vanes were performed in either straight or weakly curved channels that were hydraulically "wide". Submerged vanes are thin rectangular-shaped low-profile foils, typically set at small angles to the main current and arranged in either single or multiple parallel arrays in the longitudinal direction. When installed in a channel bend they induce a helicoidal vortex that interacts with and weakens the centrifugally induced secondary current. The latter effect leads to reduced local erosion near the bend's outer bank. Physical model testing was performed to determine the effects of several parameters affecting submerged vane performance, including submerged vane height H, length L, angle to main flow direction α, vane streamwise spacing δs, vane transverse spacing from outer bank δn, and bend angle φ. Submerged vanes...


Recommender systems provide recommendations about various products and services to their users while using other users data. Their success is imperative for both users and the e-commerce sites utilizing such systems. Providing accurate and dependable recommendations increases user satisfaction that results selling more products and services. Image-based recommender systems are receiving increasing attention in the recent years. These systems are based on images uploaded by users. They first determine the most similar users based on the images they upload to the system. They then return the most likely image to the users based on the images liked by the neighbors. The most challenging problem in image-based recommneder systems is to match an image with the most similar visual words or classes based on the image's visual content. We design a system which is using Bag of words model, to solving this problem.1 BoW model is an effective model in computer vision field, and we use SURF, SIFT and LBP descriptors for extracting features in our system.


We have been studying the underlying mechanisms of face perception in humans using magneto‐ (MEG) and electro‐encephalography (EEG) including (1) perception by viewing the static face, (2) differences in perception by viewing the eyes and whole face, (3) the face inversion effect, (4) the effect of gaze direction, (5) perception of eye motion, (6) perception of mouth motion, and (7) the interaction between auditory and visual stimuli related to the vowel sounds. In this review article, we mainly summarize our results obtained on 3, 5, and 6 above.


Most treasuries around the world sell their securities at auctions either directly or indirectly through an agent, usually the central bank. Although they can control both the rules and the timing of the auction, they may not be able to control the information and valuations of bidders. The purpose of this paper is to identify those economic indicators whose announcement is likely to have a significant impact on government securities prices and, hence, on bidders` behavior at auctions of government securities. This information could be used to schedule treasury securities auctions so as to minimize public debt management costs.


In recent years, there have been many natural disasters in China. After the disaster, communication equipment was damaged to varying degrees, which severely hindered the establishment of communication links between disaster relief departments and disaster sites, which caused great inconvenience to disaster relief tasks. The classification of picture compression technology and commonly used encoding methods was introduced, the international compression standard JPEG algorithm was selected as the picture compression algorithm in this article, the implementation steps of color mode conversion, transformation, quantization, and encoding in the JPEG algorithm was introduced, and finally the Java package was used to implement this compression algorithm. The current status of Beidou satellite navigation system was expounded. A communication program based on Beidou short message communication technology for image transmission was written. The experimental environment and experimental steps were detailed. The feasibility of the JPEG image compression algorithm was verified, which laid the foundation for the improvement of the subsequent experimental process.


description of some of the legal issues in the Sino-Soviet dispute, while Lung-Sheng Tao brings up the rear with a survey of " new developments in research." Perhaps the best thing that can be said of the book as a whole is that it is full of information, though the index, as regards topics, is so poor that much of this information is inaccessible. There is a good select bibliography of Chinese language materials on international law, compiled by Dr Paul Ho, of the Library of Congress, which will prove a useful work of reference. It is hardly reason enough for buying a book which is not only poorly produced (is anyone prepared to accept responsibility for the proof reading, for example, of page 36?) and expensive, but which contains so little which is new, profound or original.


PURPOSE: A method for zooming contents, a touch screen terminal and a computer-readable recording medium are provided to adjust the number of object of a plurality of multimedia contents based on the zooming command inputted by user. CONSTITUTION: A touch screen(220) indicates the execution screen of the multimedia contents. The touch screen detects a touch input. In case a zooming command is occurred in a state of a plurality of multimedia contents shows as the base object number, the terminal control part(240) controls the number of object based on the zooming command. The terminal control part shows a plurality of multimedia contents in each thumbnail image.


The preparation of Rh2(OAc)2(dmg)2(PPh3)2 and the determination of its structure by single crystal X-ray diffraction are described; the Rh–Rh bond length is 2·618(5)A.


CASE 1 Mr A A 33 year old man presented to ED with a short history of frontal headache, unsteadiness, clumsiness, and falls. Neurological examination was normal with no cerebellar signs. An initial plain CT brain scan was reported as normal. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of atypical migraine. However, a subsequent neuroradiology review revealed a small right superior cerebellar infarct (Figure 1). The patient was recalled to ED the next morning and CT angiogram confirmed a right VAD (Figure 2). He was seen by a Stroke Neurologist in ED and was discharged with a 3-month course of aspirin 300mg.


Background: The benefits of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair are multiple; however, the recurrence rate is still controversial and under debate. Objective: The aim of this study is tu analyze the risk factors associated with long-term recurrence after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Methods: The cohort was made up of consecutive patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal approach between December 2012 and May 2012, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The sample was divided into two groups: G1 (patients with recurrence) and G2 (patients without recurrence). The demographic and clinical variables and the outcomes at 5 years were analyzed. Results: A total of 717 inguinal hernia repairs were performed in 443 patients. Smoking habits, previous recurrence, mesh size < 12 ×15 cm and surgeries carried out by surgical teams performing < 30 procedures per year were significantly associated with recurrence on univariate analysis (p < 0.05). but only smoking habits and surgeries performed by less experienced surgeons showed statistical significance on multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Recurrence rate was 1.5% at years and increased to 2.6% (n = 19) at 5 years. Conclusion: Extending the follow-up period beyond 2 years after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair allows a more accurate detection of the recurrence rate. In this series, smoking habits and surgeries performed by less experienced surgeons were significantly associated with recurrences. Section of Abdominal Wall Surgery Department of General Surgery Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, Argentina.


In this paper,membrane group,that is,nanofiltration-reverse osmosis-reverse osmosis,is employed to design the process to treat electroplating washing wastewater.In the process,the electroplating washing wastewater is circulated,and all water and electroplating liquid are reused without any other substances being added or consumed.The process is tested by simulation of treating electroplating Ni wastewater under various operation pressure,concentration,and concentration duration by which the separation effect of each membrane is affected.The result shows that the process can meet the technical requirements set for zero-discharge treating electroplating washing wastewater,thus is believed feasible in industry application.


(57) ABSTRACT A method of classifying the defects on a wafer having some same chips and corresponding system is provided. After receiving images formed by scanning the wafer using a charged particle beam, these images are examined Such that both defective images and defect-free images are found. Then, the defect-free images are translated into a simulated layout of the chip, or a database is used to provide the simu lated layout of the chip. Finally, the defects on the defective images are classified by comparing the images with the simu lated layout of the chip. The system has some modules sepa rately corresponds to the steps of the method.


A 55-year-old woman presented with a ten-year history of progressive deformities of her hands and feet. She had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ten years previously, with high anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titers, low complement levels, oral ulceration, arthritis, and left leg deep vein thrombosis. She did not adhere to treatment and only took low-dose prednisone and warfarin intermittently.


With the improvement of accuracy in the inclusive deep-inelastic scattering experiments, it has become apparent that comparable improvements are needed in the accuracy of the theoretical analysis tools. As well-known, extracting structure functions in the region large values of the Bjorken variable x, it is crucial to correct data by effects associated with the non-zero mass of the target. We investigate this question and demonstrate that target mass corrections to structure functions calculated by using the new approach have a correct spectral property and noticeably differ that the standard Georgi-Politzer method gives, especially for values Q of the order of 1÷ 2 GeV and large values of the Bjorken variable x.


Ethylene, natural gas and oil is used as the raw material in the combustion production of black carbon by soot formations. Black carbon is useful with the increased surface area as soot or activated carbon micro particles. It is traditionally believed that soot formation occurs in combustion of oil by certain amount of oxygen. As a result of this, a gas concentration gradient is needed between the carbon and the oxygen for soot production from the gaseous or liquid fuel. Therefore, certain amount of carbon can only form for soot compounds that readily provide submicron black carbon product. Black carbon involves allotropic soot produced by not full combustion and removal of carbon matter in a closed-loop circulating batch system. This study searched that firstly, pyrolysis of low ash Şırnak asphaltite and washed with flotation device provided less ash Turkish lignites(less than 10% of the level in existing advanced clean lignite washery plant manufactured) with waste wood and tyre, secondly, combustion of pyrolysis oil of the retort for black carbon production on which the furnace gas parameters by examining the highest black carbon efficiency is obtained, and thirdly, according to the optimum design parameters of the pilot plant, gas furnace equipment investigated. The 32% soot yield from the 50% coal and 20%wood and 30% waste tyre weight rate were provided in the retort furnace.


This paper proposes a modified SNOOP protocol to improve TCP performance for mobile network. The SNOOP protocol utilizes a caching technique implemented in base station to do fast local retransmission in wireless LAN instead of end-to-end TCP retransmission. The paper objective is to modify the existing SNOOP protocol to decrease unnecessary timeout that reduces the congestion window size. The new SNOOP protocol was added with the capability to acknowledge the received TCP segment in manner of the destination host. The idea is to slow down the congestion window size reduction method that decreases the transmission rate of TCP session. As to evaluate the performance of the proposed idea, we implement the protocol into a simulation model and compare the simulation results with the based model. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol gain more performance for TCP mobile node compared to the unmodified SNOOP protocol significantly.


Governor parameter test optimization,primary frequency modulation test method process are introduced in detail for No.4 unit of Gongboxia Hydropower Station.Improved primary frequency modulation after test and adjustment can completely satisfy the power network's technical index requirement to unit modulation performance.It is found that set value of damping time constant in governor PID regulation parameter has great error,the actual calibrated value is 4 times of set value.


We use a 2005-2009 record of isoprene emis- sions over Africa derived from Ozone Monitoring Instru- ment (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) to better understand the factors controlling isoprene emission in the continent and evaluate the impact on atmospheric com- position. OMI-derived isoprene emissions show large sea- sonality over savannas driven by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and much weaker seasonality over equatorial forests driven by temperature. The commonly used MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, version 2.1) global isoprene emission model reproduces this seasonality but is biased high, particularly for equatorial forests, when compared to OMI and relaxed-eddy accumula- tion measurements. Isoprene emissions in MEGAN are com- puted as the product of an emission factor Eo, LAI, and activity factors dependent on environmental variables. We use the OMI-derived emissions to provide improved esti- mates of Eo that are in good agreement with direct leaf mea- surements from field campaigns (r = 0.55, bias= 19 %). The largest downward corrections to MEGAN Eo values are for equatorial forests and semi-arid environments, and this is consistent with latitudinal transects of isoprene over western Africa from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) aircraft campaign. Total emission of iso- prene in Africa is estimated to be 77 Tg C a 1 , compared to 104 Tg C a 1 in MEGAN. Simulations with the GEOS- Chem oxidant-aerosol model suggest that isoprene emis- sions increase mean surface ozone in western Africa by up to 8 ppbv, and particulate matter by up to 1.5 µg m 3 , due to coupling with anthropogenic influences.


The tourism sector is probably one of the most important sectors in Portugal, so business model innovation is of great value to the industry. Considering that mobile applications are a trend worldwide, particularly in the tourism sector, there is room for innovation and opportunity for new players to enter the market. From this perspective, the University of Porto Digital Museum brings a new horizon to the city's tourist scene and positions the University as a reference partner in this field. This paper aims to evaluate the opportunity to value an application developed in the academic context by evaluating implementation scenarios in the market, offering real value to customers and gaining space in such a dynamic market. This application is also an important tool for preserving the cultural heritage of the University and the city which is literally an open air museum. The study explores key concepts for the understanding of this sector and presents a case study, which analyzes issues related to Intellectual Property involving the relationship between the University of Porto and the company Weblevel, partner institutions in the development of the University of Porto Digital Museum application. In addition, it presents a Benchmarking study conducted on Google Play and AngelList platforms, which aimed to identify good practices and a better understanding of the universe of mobile applications aimed at the tourism sector..


A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of epigastralgia,and he was diagnosed as perforated duodenal ulcer. Conservative medical therapy was continued for two days,but failed finally. Then,we performed omental patch and lavage of the peritoneal cavity for a perforated duodenal ulcer with diffuse peritonitis. At surgery,an azuki bean - sized subserosal tumor of the ileum was found 60cm away from Bauhin's valve,and it was enucleated. Pathologically,the ileal tumor was diagnosed as a carcinoid tumor invading the subserosa. On the submucosal layer,the tumor was exposed at the surgical margin.For salvage of the residual tumor and prophylactic lymph node dissection,the ileum was widely resected with a wedge resection of the mesentery. Pathological examination revealed a small lymph node metastasis,in spite of no residual tumor in the ileum. The patient has been followed for over twenty months with no evidence of recurrence. Even at an emergency operation, a detailed intra - operative examination is necessary to find an accompanying occult lesion. Prophylactic lymph node dissection should be recommended for small bowel carcinoids, because of the high


Context: Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of COVID-19 infection but data on the risk factors for exposure and infection rate among Indian HCWs are limited. Aims: Our study aims to identify the risk factors and behavior of HCWs which make them high risk for COVID-19 infection and the infection rate among them. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective study conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Methods and Material: Fifty HCWs quarantined at our institute in April and May 2020 following exposure to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, or due to development of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) were included. Data was collected from medical records in a predesigned proforma and analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight (76%) of the 50 quarantined HCWs had high-risk exposure and there was a significant breach in personal protective measures. N-95 masks were worn by 59.6%, gloves by 61.7%, and goggles or face shields by 2%. Exposures were more common in non-COVID areas of the hospital. Hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis was taken by 7 (14%). 3 (6%) were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive during the quarantine period. Conclusions: Our study has shown leniency among HCWs in adhering to infection control and personal protective measures resulting in an increased quarantine and infection rate and loss of manpower. The safety of our HCWs must be given paramount importance during this pandemic and should be ensured by educating them about infection control, and persistently reinforcing and strictly adhering to standard precautions.


One of the water utilities owned and operated by the Central Illinois Public Service Company is located at Harrisburg, Illinois, and includes a mechanical filtration plant of 1,000,000 gallons daily capacity. Although the raw water at this plant is very difficult to purify, no remarkable problems have been experienced nor have any new ideas of filter plant operation been developed. Only the tried methods of directing purification by laboratory tests have been followed. Since laboratory work is not applied rigidly, if at all, in many filter plants of this size, a comparison of the results obtained before and after the institution of this work as an aid to operation may be interesting to superintendents directing other small filter plants. The Harrisburg plant was built in 1915. Although it is poorly arranged, none of the poor results obtained can be attributed to the type of the plant or its arrangement, except in so far as a poorly arranged plant is conducive to neglectful operation. But since the water is especially difficult to purify, and the operators have been men of no technical education, and no means of chemical control were provided, it is not surprising that, prior to the fall of 1919, the results were discouraging. The raw water is pumped from the Middle Fork Saline River, which is a small stream carrying the mine wastes of the coal mines of that district. Except during flood seasons, the water is very hard, high in sulphates, and often contains free acid.


We demonstrated two remarkably different types of network structures that consist of homochiral and heterochiral 1D chains of enantiomeric 310-helices in the crystals of ArSO2-(Aib)5-OMe.


The paper outlines the role of phonological strategies in learning to spell in English as a second language. It presents and analyses a corpus of spelling errors of Bulgarian primary school pupils who learn English as a foreign language. Based on the cross-linguistic comparison of the English and of the Bulgarian grapheme-phoneme correspondences (vowels and diphthongs) and on the excerpted errors it justifies the need for consistent instruction regarding the English spelling system.


Mohs Micrographic Surgery for malignant neoplasms of the head on occasion can result in defects with exposed skull bone. Full thickness wounds devoid of periosteum can be managed by secondary intention healing facilitated by bone chiseling to stimulate granulation tissue, however, the process of full re-epithelialization is lengthy. Elderly patients often are unable to manage such wounds and immediate alternative post surgical reconstructive options must be entertained. We report the use of the bilobed flap as originally described by Esser with planned delayed staged suturing to provide coverage of an exposed frontal bone defect while improving flap survival.


Transmission is the mechanism that brings the power produced by the engine to the wheels of a vehicle according to the driver's request. This thesis is concerned with the problem of controlling a dual clutch transmission system during its slipping phase.


Textile trade policy is presented in the context of general trade policy under the international umbrella for trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Textile trade policies that exist under the GATT represent a dramatic departurefrom the normal rules developed to coordinate trade in all other sectors. Moreover, textile trade has a long history of participating in world trade with its own set of rules. Since 1961, textile and apparel trade has had its own structures and rules that have existed alongside the rules of the General Agreement. This paper, which has resultedfrom research of both primary and secondary sources on textile trade policy at the global level, traces the development of specialpolicies and structures to manage trade in this sector. Further discussion considers how and why the textile sector is treated as a unique case in global trade. Varying views are presented on whether textiles should continue to receive special treatment or whether this sector should be returned to normal GATT rules applicable to all other sectors.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution under the New Urbanization in China. The paper constructs and expands an equilibrium model that includes industrial agglomeration and pollution control factors to analyze the mechanism. Meanwhile, by applying urbanization as the threshold variable, the threshold model is used to study the relationship between industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution under different urbanization levels. Important estimated results are as follows. When the New Urbanization level is lower than 46.6%, the coefficient of the effect of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution is 0.7153. When the New Urbanization level is between 46.6% and 74.9%, the impact coefficient decreases to 0.3127, whereas when the level of the New Urbanization is higher than 74.9%, the impact changes substantially with –0.1617 as its coefficient. Thus, the relationship between industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution is not a simple linear relationship, but has an inversed-U type characteristic of nonlinear relationship.


The paper reports on the functional results in the surgery of the glaucoma-aphakia pathologic relation, in a group of 30 patients: several very good, others moderate with uncertain visual prognosis, as a function of the precocity of the operation, blockage site and stage of the disease evolution. The good results obtained in the surgeries of the cases without the presence of the vitreous body in AC are evidenced.


This handbook contains popular identities, inequalities and other matrix-related topics. Most of the proof for the statements in the book, without any further comments, can be found in [5], its solution manual or Wikipedia.


This package consists of two programs K-FIX(3D) and K-FIX(3D,FLX) which extend the transient, two-dimensional, two-fluid program K-FIX to perform three-dimensional calculations. The transient dynamics of three-dimensional, two-phase flow with interfacial exchange are calculated at all flow speeds. Each phase is described in terms of its own density, velocity, and temperature. The application is to flow in the annulus between two cylinders where the inner cylinder moves periodically perpendicular to its axis. K-FIX(3D) is easily adaptable to a variety of two phase flow problems while K-FIX(3D,FLX) combines KFIX(3D), the three-dimensional version of the KFIX code, with the three-dimensional, elastic shell code FLX for application to a very specific class of problems. KFIX(3D,FLX) was developed specifically to calculate the coupled fluid-structure dynamics of a light water reactor core support barrel under accident conditions. Motion may be induced by blowdown, prescribed displacement, or seismic action.


Abstract We discovered a live Baeolophus bicolor (Tufted Titmouse) entangled in the burrs of Hackelia virginiana (Beggar's Lice) on 28 September 2012 in Kutztown, PA. We extracted and released the titmouse because it appeared to be unable to free itself from the plant. To our knowledge, this is the second published report of a bird becoming entangled in Beggar's Lice and the first documentation of a Tufted Titmouse becoming entangled in any plant. Entanglement in Beggar's Lice is unusual because of the small size (3–4 mm) of its burrs.


Humic substance is one form of soil organic matter, which is mostly resistant from degradation by microbe and compose most part of total soil organic matter (60-80%). Paddy straw is one of organic matter containing humic substances which are potential to be developed in Indonesia. This experiment used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors of treatment. The NPK nutrients of humic compounds of straw were enriched with synthetic NPK fertilizer at different concentrations (factor A). This substance was then applied to the growing media of cucumber plants and was tested in the planting medium with high Cu content (factor B). Based on regression curve, the two treatment factors had interactions with all observation variables. The interaction of two treatments factors still had not provided a significant effect on the response of N tissue uptake, P2O5 content of growing media and P2O5 plant tissue uptake. The effect of treatment of Cu media addition tended to improve all response to observation variables except the N variable of total media and number of effective leaves. Provision of humic compounds of NPK enriched with best effectiveness was at level of 1/3 recommended enriching substance of NPK on planting medium without adding Cu and at the level of 4/3 of NPK enriching substance on planting medium with the addition of Cu element by 195 mg/kg media. The recommended dose of NPK fertilizer per plant is 50 grams of compound fertilizer NPK (20:32:42).


E V E N T E E N T H C E N T U R Y critics of the English language sought standards, models and rules where they found only an anarchic maze of dialects. It was an age in which even God spoke in tongues: Laudian "beauty of holiness" or Puritan "plainness for profit." Ciceronian periods jostled plain style. In the absence of a tribunal, some writers turned for authority to the language of gentlemen: "If any ask me whence it is that our conversation is so much refined, I must freely, and without flattery, ascribe it to the Court; and, in it, particularly to the King, whose example gives a law to i t . " 1 Refined conversation implied a " law" for writing as well: "propriety of thoughts and words; or, in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject" (I, 207). Propriety sought, in Dryden's phrase, "the most easy language" (I, 40), a mean between Sprat's "primitive purity" and Ciceronian rococo. Wycherley concurred: "Few words are best, whether Men speak well or i l l , or are in the right or wrong; since good Sense is best understood, and bad less tedious for being short" (Maxim X L V H ) . 2 Urbanity dictates restraint ("Sense, like our Food, may be too high season'd": Maxim LVIII) and demands judgment (Maxim XCIII ) . Rather than strain or force wit a gentleman will observe silence, "the best Proof of our Sense" (Maxim C L V ) . To preen only exposes folly:


Resolution of benzoin,hydrobenzoin and α-phenethyl alcohol with(R)-phenylglycine based chiral stationary phase(Chirex 3001)in the normal-phase conditions were studied.The effects of the mobile phase composition and the column temperature on the chiral resolution were investigated.When n-hexane∶1,2-dichloroethane∶ethanol(volume ratio,83.5∶15∶1.5)was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature 25℃,the separation factors were 1.04,1.11 and 1.02 respectively for these three compounds.The method can be used to determine optical purity of hydrobenzoin.


Redesign of management structure, care delivery saves more than $600,000 annually. See how an Oregon hospital restructured its management to better reflect its newly-revamped delivery of care, and ended up dramatically cutting labor expenses, LOS, and patient care costs. Learn how this new cluster and council model was designed to see if it makes sense for your organization.


Since political parties are providers of collective goods, groups demanding the formation of new parties face a collective action problem. Hence, I set out to answer (1) why people form new parties ...


P red icting stock price m ovem ent is a h o t top ic in the financia l in te lligence fie ld . So fa r, people have conti nuously attem pted to use various data sources in the stock price p red ic tion , such as fundam ental economic fea tures, tech n ical ind ica to rs , In te rne t pub lic op in ions, financia l announcements, financia l new s, financia l research reports and so on. H ow eve r, m ost o f the previous studies use on ly one o r tw o d is tin c t data sources to bu ild p red ic tion models. Few o f them take advantage o f three o r m ore sources sim ultaneously. U ndoub ted ly , i f more sources are prov ided , people can extrac t r icher in fo rm a tion content and consider m ore in fo rm a tion levels. B u t, since the natures o f various sources are d is tin c t, and they have d iffe re n t effects on the stock m a rk e t, it is no t easy to converge several sources in p red ic ting stock price. In add ition ,m u ltisou rces n a tu ra lly increase the r is k o f su ffe ring the curse o f d im ensionality. Based on the idea o f in fo r m ation fus ion , th is paper a ttem pted to use three d is tin c t sources to p red ic t the stock price movement. T he three sources are fundam ental economic features ? technical ind icators and In te rne t pub lic opinions. O u r m ethod f ir s t ly collects various source da ta ,then im plem ents the specific data preprocessing to fo rm a un ified data se t,and fin a lly uses the S V M classi fie r to bu ild p red ic tion models. Experim enta l resu lts show tha t the preformance o f p red ic tion model based on the three sources is be tter than those w h ich use a single source, o r sources in pa irs , when the linear core func tion fo r the S V M classifier is chosen and the data in the non-trad ing days are added. Besides, when co llecting data, we found th a t the num  ber o f In te rn e t pub lic opinions rose sha rp ly ,a lth o u g h there were no transactions in the non-trad ing days ( fo r example, weekends o r the suspension pe riod ). T he re fo re , we added more te x t sentim ent data show ing the pub lic opinions in the non-trad ing days and found th a t the p red ic tion accuracy is improved. T he s tudy in th is paper shows th a t a lthough i t is d if f ic u lt to in tegra te m ultisources in the stock p red ic tion , i t is possible to produce a good p red ic to r a fte r the appropria te feature selection and the specific data preprocessing.


Multi-channel intramuscular EMG (iEMG) provides information on motor neuron behavior, muscle fiber (MF) innervation geometry and, recently, has been proposed as a means to establish a human-machine interface. Objective: to provide a reliable benchmark for computational methods applied to such recordings, we propose a simulation model for iEMG signals acquired by intramuscular multi-channel electrodes. Methods: we propose several modifications to the existing motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) simulation methods, such as farthest point sampling (FPS) for the distribution of motor unit territory centers in the muscle cross-section, accurate fiber-neuron assignment algorithm, modeling of motor neuron action potential propagation delay, and a model of multi-channel scanning electrode. Results: we provide representative applications of this model to the estimation of motor unit territories and the iEMG decomposition evaluation. Also, we extend it to a full multi-channel iEMG simulator using classic linear EMG modeling. Conclusions: altogether, the proposed models provide accurate MUAPs across the entire motor unit territories and for various electrode configurations. Significance: they can be used for the development and evaluation of mathematical methods for multi-channel iEMG processing and analysis.


Within the software development business almost everyone knows that theoretically modelling a system in the beginning of a project pays off during the project. Still most companies do this only for highly reliable and critical systems, because designing models in the beginning of a project is hard and considered to be time consuming. Models become more important, not only to create new software systems but also to perform maintenance on existing systems and to prove a certain level of quality of a system. Therefore lately more and more applications become available to do reversed engineering based on the systems code. Since it is not always the case that the source code of a system is available and source code in most cases only provides a static model of the system or at best a state model if the code is well structured, it is interesting to know if it is possible to create a model of a system from its log data. In this document it is shown how from log data, containing only input and output messages of a single process, a model can be constructed. In the first place it is shown how time driven messages can be found, both continuous and discontinuous. After that some ideas are sketched of how the spurious behavior of the system can be modelled. To describe the resulting model the usage of some kind of Timed I/O-automata is chosen, since this could combine the inputs and outputs directly to each other and offered the possibility to separate the timing aspects of the model. The results for the time driven part were very good, for the tested processes all timers are found, including the responses to the messages that are time driven, which are not distinguished in this paper. There was one case where the results of the method given in this paper were unexpected and where it could not be decided if the messages were time driven or not. This was caused by two timers sending the same message with different periods. For the spurious behavior, the results are a bit less clear since the method is not completely finished for this part and there are many points of discussion left. /department of mathematics and computer science I


Abstract By examining the diversity of philosophies of science, the assumption that there is a single scientist—practitioner model is questioned. A variety of philosophies of science are reviewed and the modes of practice and training that flow from the different approaches are considered. The conclusion is drawn that to use the term scientist—practitioner without identifying the associated philosophy of science permits individuals and institutions to obscure fundamentally different (and sometimes incompatible) approaches to psychology.


This paper presents an attempt to show the effectiveness of nanoporous-silica composite in epoxy matrix for voltage-endurance and lower permittivity by numerical analysis. By finite element analysis of the static electric field, we estimated the permittivity of the nanoporous-silica composite insulator required to reduce the electric field enhancement around the GIS solid spacer. In order to achieve the effective lower permittivity of nanoporous-silica composite insulator, we estimated the amount of nanopore volume by using the random arranged model for dielectric mixtures. The electric field inside nanopore of the nanoporous composite insulator can be also intensified due to the difference in permittivity among air, epoxy and silica, which may lead to the void discharge. Depending on the nanopore size, the nanopore might be a critical defect for voltage-endurance. Based on the Paschen's law, we estimated the nanopore size required not to allow the void discharge in nanopores. Finally, the nanoporous-silica structure of nanoporous composite required to achieve both lower permittivity and high dielectric strength is discussed.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to combine the critical parameters used to study financial inclusion into a composite index. The idea is to rank Indian states and union territories (UTs) on the basis of this index, determine change in ranks during 2011 to 2014 and identify factors affecting high/low scores on the index.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the study were collected from secondary sources published by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Central Statistical Organization. Applying technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a composite multi-dimensional index of financial inclusion (IFI) has been built by using three broad parameters of penetration, availability and usage of banking services. Factors significantly influencing scores of states/UTs on IFI were identified using multiple regression analysis.

Findings

The value of financial inclusion for India on composite IFI has increased by 0.045 points during the study period. Share of agriculture to state gross domestic product, literacy ratio, population density, infrastructure development and farmer suicides are significant factors affecting financial inclusion.

Practical implications

The multi-dimensional IFI is a useful tool to measure financial inclusion using several parameters for various states/regions. The index can also be used to compare the performance of states/regions over same/different periods.

Originality/value

This paper is unique in its attempt to construct multi-dimensional IFI for Indian states/UTs by applying TOPSIS. It will prove useful for future researchers by combining several aspects of financial inclusion into single index.


This survey investigates the geometry of singularities from the viewpoint of conformal and topological quantum field theory and string theory. First, some classical results concerning simple surface singularities are collected, paying special attention to the ubiquitous ADE theme. For conformal field theory, recent progress both on axiomatic and on constructive issues is discussed, as well as a well established classification result, which is also related to the ADE theme, but not complete. Special focus concerning constructive results is owed to superconformal field theories associated to K3 surfaces and some of their higher dimensional cousins. Finally, for topological quantum field theories, their role between conformal field theory and singularity theory is re


The parameters of the association scheme on the points off a quadric are computed. This corrects a mistake in the literature. In [BCN, Theorem 12.1.1], the existence of a certain association scheme is claimed, and details are given for n = 3. Here we correct the statements given there for odd n ≥ 5. Let q be a power of 2, and n ≥ 3. Let V be an n-dimensional vector space over Fq provided with a nondegenerate quadratic form Q. Let B be the associated symmetric bilinear form, given by B(x, y) = Q(x + y)− Q(x)− Q(y). If n is odd, there will be a nucleus N = V⊥. We construct an association scheme with point set X, where X is the set of projective points not on the quadric defined by Q and (for odd n) distinct from N. For n = 3 and for even n, the relations will be R0, R1, R2, R3 where R0 = {(x, x) | x ∈ X}, the identity relation; R1 = {(x, y) | x + y is a hyperbolic line (secant)}; R2 = {(x, y) | x + y is an elliptic line (exterior line)}; R3 = {(x, y) | x + y is a tangent}. For odd n, n ≥ 5, it is necessary to distinguish R3a and R3n, defined by R3a = {(x, y) | x + y is a tangent not on N}; R3n = {(x, y) | x + y is a tangent on N}. Received by the editors in September 2019. Communicated by H. Van Maldeghem. Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin 27 (2020), 153–160 154 F. Vanhove Note that every line on N is a tangent, and that for n = 3 there are no other tangents, so that R3a is empty. For q = 2 a hyperbolic line contains only one nonisotropic point, and a tangent on N contains only one nonisotropic point distinct from N, so that R1 and R3n are empty. We show that if n = 3 or n is even, then (X, {R0, R1, R2, R3}) is an association scheme. Also that if n is odd, n ≥ 5, then (X, {R0, R1, R2, R3a, R3n}) is an association scheme. We give the parameters pjk and the eigenmatrix P in both cases. 1 Quadric size The number M of isotropic projective points on a nonisotropic quadric in V, where V has vector space dimension n equals M = { (q2m − 1)/(q − 1) if n = 2m + 1 (qm − ε)(qm−1 + ε)/(q − 1) if n = 2m. Equivalently, M = (q − 1)/(q − 1) + εq with ε = ±1 if n is even, and ε = 0 if n is odd. 2 n = 3 Suppose first that n = 3. The parameters (pjk) were given in [BCN], p. 375. Let us call them (ajk) here in the special case n = 3. (a 0j)ij = 


One of looped networks that in recent years has been much noticed is standard known as IEEE 802.17 RPR ring network or the return packet. Architecture RPR ring network protocol that transmits data between nodes connected in a double ring structure to support. RPR has two single transit buffer structure (STB) and double transit buffer (DTB), respectively. Single transit buffer architecture, just a high-priority traffic buffering (HP) and low priority (LP) passing through the ring buffer architecture serves and double, two separate buffer for high-priority and low priority traffic is considered passing.Send information for scheduling algorithms used in network nodes RPR, queue priority (Priority-Queue), respectively. In this way, the separation of traffic based on priority and high priority traffic has absolute priority over lower priority traffic so that always the highest priority to transit buffer appropriated therefore of high priority traffic such as video packet, the nodes access to congested suffered numerous delays and instability vibration are ring (Jitter).In this thesis addition to scheduling priority queue, plans, schedules DRR and DRR + to increase the quality of service to traffic with high priority on congested node in a network with a ring structure with 10 nodes software Opnet simulation and the performance timing of passing information about at least two network nodes in the hub scenario (hUB) in which all the nodes transmit information to a node with video traffic conditions, congestion were examined happened and qualitative results were compared to that, the display shows the relative improvements in reducing delays and instability shaking changes in the timing of DRR and DRR + compared to the recommended standard.


In 1989 Joan Austoker and I set out our goal in Historical Perspectives of the Role of the MRC 'to discuss the role of the Medical Research Council in shaping a national system of medical research in Britain'.1 We noted that the only general history of the Medical Research Council (MRC) at that time was authored by an MRC staff member, A Landsborough Thomson, who had produced two volumes in 1973 and 1975.2,3 Our book remains the only attempt apart from Landsborough Thomson's to construct a general overview of the work of the MRC, but over the past two decades, there has been considerable interest in the history of the MRC, particularly in relation to the lead-up to its world-famous streptomycin trial for pulmonary tuberculosis, which it reported in 1948.4 This commentary provides a review of the information that has accumulated since 1989 – which is scattered in monographs, articles and unpublished theses – relating to the pre-history of this important trial.


Globalization as an important label of the era in the 21st century,which have led to profound changes in sorts of social relations.It put forward new questions and demands to higher education at the same time,including legal education in our country.Legal personnel training will be brought new development opportunities based on an international perspective,establishing innovative mechanisms and exploring new ideas for current legal education.


This conceptual paper discusses the management of the emotional labour of front-line customer service employees of public and private hospitals in Bangladesh. This paper recognises the link between service encounters and customer satisfaction, and critically discusses the concepts of emotional labour, soft skills and aesthetic skills in an attempt to explain the problems associated with the use of these terms. By providing some recommendations about overcoming the challenges of managing the front-line employees, this paper suggests that the appropriate management of emotional labour and aesthetic skills through the implementation of Human Resource Management practices illuminates the organisation's route to success.


On 30 December 2015, a single specimen of Juglans was found stranded on Tramore Beach (54° 48′ 25″N, 08° 30′ 01″W), Rosbeg, Co Donegal, NW Ireland. A second specimen was found on Black Rock Beach, Widemouth Bay, south of Bude, north Cornwall, UK (SS19760178) c.14 March 2016. Based on morphological features, both specimens were identified as J. jamaicensis C. DC., and represent the first records of this species from Irish, UK and NW European waters. It is hypothesised that these walnuts most likely originated in the Greater Antilles where J. jamaicensis is endemic to Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic & Haiti) and Puerto Rico. At least four other species of walnut have been recorded from NW European waters: J. regia, J. nigra, J. ailanthifolia, and J. californica.


The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of controllable metallurgical properties on the radiated sound after impact using iron—manganese alloys and some forge hammer construction metals. The effect of metal properties on sound radiation can be characterized by the rate of attenuation of the sound, dp. For rectangular plate linear dimensions a and b. dp = 60[(ma)2 + (nb)2]Q−1(σ0Eh3rs)1/2 × {4.8498[σ0(1 − μ2)mprs]1/2 − 0.3536[(ma)2 + (nb)2] × Q−1(πEh3ms)1/2}−1 + C, dB/s, where E is elastic modulus, μ is Poisson's ratio, Q−1 is internal friction, σ0 is ultimate strength, p is the mass density, m, n is a mode number, h is the thickness of the plate, rs is the radius of the striker, ms is the mass of the striker. C is a constant accounting for the changes due to environmental scattering and absorption by the surfaces. The attenuation rate of sound radiation has been shown to be affected by the mechanical properties of the metal and geometry of solid collision. The mechanical properties...


This article analyses the general methodological approaches to the design of modern costume, including the stages of pre-study. Methodology costume design is an integral part of a comprehensive system-structural approach to the study of regularities of analog models and design of new facilities on the basis of interdisciplinary applied research. At the Department of service technology Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service (VSUES) developed method research of silhouette shape of fashionable costume using geometric primitives and hierarchical patterns. Application of this method allows to formalize the results of the graphical analysis of the structure of the costume. This information is used to plot the forecast of development of modern costume using ARIMA-model.


To understand the links between Big Data and economic development is to focus on the knowledge that may be created from Big Data and the knowledge workers who can produce and use this knowledge to ...


In this paper, we investigate fundamental cycles in a graph G and their relations with graph embeddings. We show that a graph G may be embedded in an orientable surface with genus at least g if and only if for any spanning tree T , there exists a sequence of fundamental cycles C1, C2, · · · , C2g with C2i−1 ∩ C2i 6= φ for 1 ≤ i ≤ g. In particular, among β(G) fundamental cycles of any spanning tree T of a graph G, there are exactly 2γM(G) cycles C1, C2, · · · , C2γM (G) such that C2i−1 ∩ C2i 6= φ for 1 ≤ i ≤ γM(G), where β(G) and γM(G) are, respectively, the Betti number and the maximum genus of G. This implies that it is possible to construct an orientable embedding with large genus of a graph G from an arbitrary spanning tree T ( which may have very large number of odd components in G\E(T )). This is different from the earlier work of Xuong and Liu[9,6], where spanning trees with small odd components are needed. In fact, this makes a common generalization of Xuong[9],Liu[6] and Fu et al[2]. Further more, we show that (1).This result is useful in locating the maximum genus of a graph having a specific edge-cut. Some known results for embedded graphs are also concluded;(2).The maximum genus problem may be reduced to the maximum matching problem. Based on this result and the algorithm of MicaliVazirani[8], we present a new efficient algorithm to determine the maximum genus of a graph in O((β(G)) 5 2 ) steps. Our method is straight and quite deferent from the algorithm of Furst,Gross and McGeoch[3] which depends on a result of Giles[4]where matroid parity method is needed. Keyword : Fundamental cycles, Maximum genus,upper-embedded . AMS 2000: Primary 05C10, secondary 05C70 Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China ( Under the Granted Number 10271048, 10671073) This work is partially supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (07XD14011) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, Project NumberB407


The system has a further device (WV) between the mobile network (MN) and the network device (NV) and uses a protocol for conducting secure electronic transactions divided into a first part for controlling private subscriber data and a further part. first part is implemented in the mobile station (MS) and the second part is implemented in the further device, via which the transaction is conducted. Independent claims are also included for a method of conducting electronic transactions between a mobile station and a netw device and for a device for implementing the method


Through screening and acclimation, the cold-adapted compound bacteria with high biodegradation ability of nitrobenzene were isolated from sediments of a nitrobenzene manufacturer and activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant, and its affecting factors of degradation and kinetic analysis were studied. Under lower temperature of 10℃ and pH 5.0~7.0, compound bacteria can degrade 382mg/L nitrobenzene completely within 48h with nitrobenzene as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The biodegradation was proved to be zero order in various nitrobenzene concentrations by kinetic analysis of degradation process.


We have developed a technique that enables us to acquire images of high speed (>60 Hz), repetitive thermal phenomena. A prototype system has been built and used successfully to image events occurring at frequencies as high as 1 kHz. The theoretical upper frequency limit for the system is 4 kHz. The time required to acquire images with this technique
is proportional to the frequency of the event of interest. The prototype system consists of an off-the-shelf imaging radiometer (Inframetrics lR 600), a microcomputer, and specially developed hardware and software. In this paper, we describe the theory and operation of the system.


Modern computing systems employ significant heterogeneity and specialization to meet performance targets at manageable power. However, memory latency bottlenecks remain problematic, particularly for sparse neural network and graph analytic applications where indirect memory accesses (IMAs) challenge the memory hierarchy. Decades of prior art have proposed hardware and software mechanisms to mitigate IMA latency, but they fail to analyze real-chip considerations, especially when used in SoCs and manycores. In this paper, we revisit many of these techniques while taking into account manycore integration and verification. We present the first system implementation of latency tolerance hardware that provides significant speedups without requiring any memory hierarchy or processor tile modifications. This is achieved through a Memory Access Parallel-Load Engine (MAPLE), integrated through the Network-on-Chip (NoC) in a scalable manner. Our hardware-software co-design allows programs to perform long-latency memory accesses asynchronously from the core, avoiding pipeline stalls, and enabling greater memory parallelism (MLP). In April 2021 we taped out a manycore chip that includes tens of MAPLE instances for efficient data supply. MAPLE demonstrates a full RTL implementation of out-of-core latency-mitigation hardware, with virtual memory support and automated compilation targetting it. This paper evaluates MAPLE integrated with a dual-core FPGA prototype running applications with full SMP Linux, and demonstrates geomean speedups of 2.35× and 2.27× over software-based prefetching and decoupling, respectively. Compared to state-of-the-art hardware, it provides geomean speedups of 1.82× and 1.72× over prefetching and decoupling techniques.


As a kind of cross-cultural activities,translation involves information conversion between two completely different cultures.The article analyzes the differences of eastern and western cultures from custom,history,geography,and religion.On the basis of cultural difference analysis,it brings forth four translation strategies,namely literal translation,equivalent translation,free translation,and literal translation plus free translation.


Benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid (BTOA) was applied to bunches of grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz) at different times during their development and its effect on their subsequent growth was followed by measuring changes in berry weight, reducing sugars, malate, and tartrate. It lengthened the slow growth phase of berry development and this delayed ripening. It had no effect on the course of the first or second rapid growth stages. Greatest response to a single application was obtained when BTOA was applied at the end of the first growth stage or during the first week of the lag phase. Two and three applications made at 2-weekly intervals lengthened the lag phase more than a single application. During the prolonged lag phase malate continued to increase and reached a higher maximum than in untreated grapes. No consistent effect of BTOA on the tartrate content of grapes was apparent. The response of grapes to treatment with BTOA and other auxins is discussed in relation to growth and senescence of the grape berry. * This work was initiated at the Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia.


The prosperity of license plate recognition technology has made great contribution to the development of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). In this paper, a robust and efficient license plate recognition method is proposed which is based on a combined feature extraction model and BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) algorithm. Firstly, the candidate region of the license plate detection and segmentation method is developed. Secondly, a new feature extraction model is designed considering three sets of features combination. Thirdly, the license plates classification and recognition method using the combined feature model and BPNN algorithm is presented. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the license plate segmentation and recognition both can be achieved effectively by the proposed algorithm. Compared with three traditional methods, the recognition accuracy of the proposed method has increased to 95.7% and the consuming time has decreased to 51.4ms.


Herein, we have reported an efficient and green paired electrolysis strategy for decarboxylative coupling of alkenyl acids with diazo compounds, providing a broad range of β,γ-alkenyl esters and amides.


The extraction of the CMR from a p(e, e ′ p)π 0 measurement is discussed. Preliminary results from further asymmetry measurements with polarized and unpolarized electron beam indicate that the imaginary background is well under control in the MAID2000 parameterization, but not the real (Born-) amplitudes.


Methods and systems for determining patient specific treatment parameters for delivering vapor to the lung to treat lung tissue. In some embodiments vapor is delivered to the lung to cause coagulative necrosis, inducing fibrosis and thereby reducing the volume of at least one segment of the lung. The delivery parameters can be adjusted depending on the desired degree of injury to be induced in the lung tissue.


Since the demise of the EPA's Office of Noise Abatement and Control at the hands of former President Reagan, coordinated regulatory action for the control of noise at the Federal level has essentially disappeared. Instead, governmental agencies are left to deal with their noise problems on their own, usually meaning that they respond only to specific legislation, political pressures, or litigation. Agency coordination, when it does occur, is imposed by Executive Order or law. This paper briefly reviews existing Federal regulations controlling the world of transportation noise, but focuses to a greater extent on the on‐going efforts of our government that will influence our noise environment into the next century. The paper summarizes the actions of the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Defense as they confront issues of aircraft noise and airspace management; the National Park Service as it struggles to resolve conflicting mandates to...


Islamic education is the component of the educational process in post secular society, because the post secularity today acquires another sense than in the last century. Post secularity as the continuation of the secular process in the modern historical, sociocultural and political processes was found as an epoch, involving the secular educational projects in the modern time. If in the past century theology education was distanced from pragmatism of the secular educational practices, finding them too utilitarian and maintenance of man in the world; today theologies, designing the religious education, enter the modern scientific secular dialogues in the standardized programs of education. Criticism of the secular education was related to the problem of crisis of the western thinking. The wellknown thinkers of the West declared about this crisis.


Please see the full paper for abstract. JEL codes: L2, D70, D83 Employee Spinoffs and the Solipsistic Entrepreneur Peter Thompson Jing Chen Florida International University Florida International University


1. We shall say that a Riemann surface F admits deformable conformal maps into itself (or belongs to the class ?2) provided that there exists a continuous map f from F x [0,1] into F satisfying the two conditions: (a) for each t e [0,1], f, : p -? f(p, t) is a (directly) conformal map (not necessarily univalent) of F into itself; (b) fo # f1 . A problem which presents itself at once in the study of the homotopy of conformal maps is to characterize the Riemann surfaces of class ?. It is easy to see that the sphere, the finite plane, the punctured plane and the tori all belong to the class ?r. There remain to be considered the Riemann surfaces with hyperbolic universal covering surface. These may be divided into two classes: one being the class of hyperbolic Riemann surfaces, the other the class of Riemann surfaces which themselves are not hyperbolic but which have hyperbolic universal covering surface. No surface of this latter class can belong to 2~. The case of compact Riemann surfaces of genus > 2 is classical. There are only a finite number of conformal maps of such a surface into itself. The validity of the assertion for the case of noncompact surfaces is established in [3; ?? 6, 7]. Thus there remain for consideration only the hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. In this paper we shall establish the following THEOREM. A hyperbolic Riemann surface belongs to the class ?Y if and only if it admits non-constant bounded analytic functions. That the existence of non-constant bounded analytic functions is a sufficient condition for a Riemann surface to belong to the class ?2! is of course trivial. We shall therefore confine our attention to showing that this condition is necessary for hyperbolic surfaces. The proof will be based on our prior studies on the Lindelof principle [1] and Lindelofian maps [2]. These papers will be referred to henceforth as LP and LM respectively. 2. We recall [LM] that a non-constant meromorphic function qb whose domain is a hyperbolic Riemann surface F is termed Lindeldfian provided that


Professor Jacka, in this issue, has done me the dubious honor of taking my work as representative of the position on democracy and public service broadcasting that she dubs "modernist." She argues that this position is no longer—if it ever was—a useful way to think about either democracy or the future of public service broadcasting. This is, she claims, because the modernist conception of democracy is ahistorical and no longer suited to "postmodern" societies and because it sees the impact of the media, and especially television, within a high-culture/low-culture optic and as part of the decline from modernity (good) to postmodernity (bad). In its place, she argues for a concept of "radical democracy" (per Chantal Mouffe) linked to John Hartley's notion of postmodern television and semiotic democracy. And while she is clear that the old arguments for public service broadcasting, of which she takes me as an exemplar, have failed, she concludes rather uneasily that the new, improved postmodern positions have no need of either the concept or the practice. At least this is one less thing to worry about. But I say her conclusion is uneasy because she still seems to be concerned by regulatory questions relating to the structure and content of broadcasting in Australia. Such questions are close to the concerns of those wishing to defend public service broadcasting but that I think would be completely illegitimate from Hartley's perspective— attempts on the part of the dreaded "knowledge class" to police popular discourses and pleasures. I do not want to waste space or the time of readers defending in any detail positions first articulated more than fifteen years ago and in the very specific context of British broadcasting policy debates. Suffice it to say that I do not recognize my position in Hartley's "democracy as defeat" description. I do not think television is either bad or part of a history of decline.


This catalogue brings together for the first time the wide-ranging Villanovan and Etruscan collections of the Detroit Institute of Arts with photographs and relevant bibliographic sources on their cultural and religious functions in antiquity.


In order to ensure the accuracy and the quality of the first level point record,and to improve the work efficiency of the surveying and mapping professionals in field work,some discussions and analysis are made on the current first level point record,and then shortcomings of the expression of the detailed location map and the detailed description of the point location,sectional drawing of first level marked stone point and the writing order of the latitude and the longitude of the first level point,depiction of the transport routes are pointed out,and based on this some improved opinions are proposed,which promotes the standardization and the specification of the information of the first level point record to a certain extent.


We discussed dilute salt (0.01 mol L -1 ) extractable P for characterizing the capacity of P supply of Calcareous soils. The dilute extractable P was significantly correlated with relative P uptake of winter wheat evaluated by pot experiments. The dilute extractable P was also related to the P extracted by using other methods, such as Olsen, Machigin, Al-Abbas, Mehlich, Mesheryakov and EUF. The supposed method here is simple, rapid, and cheap. In addition, it has the advantage of simultaneous determination of N, P, K and many other nutrients. However, further study is needed for the use as available P indexes.


Abstract DNA samples from 123 unrelated individuals belonging to 2 endogamous tribal populations, namely, the Koya Doras and Konda Reddis, of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, South India were analysed for 8 human specific polymorphic insertion/deletion loci. Except Alu CD4, all the loci are polymorphic in both the populations. Most of the loci showed high levels of heterozygosity in both the populations. The average heterozygosity is higher in Konda Reddis than in Koya Doras. The results were compared with available Indian data on four other tribal populations, namely, Lodha, Munda, Santal and Tipperah.


Deep vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism is a major health problem and one of the leading causesof maternal morbidity and mortality Recurrent pregnancy loss either early or late is a serious problem andhas both psychological and physical impact. Thrombophilia are one of the most important causes of DVTas well as Recurrent pregnancy loss as it worsens the physiological hypercoagulable case which exists inpregnancy. Homocysteinemia is rare but an important cause of deep vein thrombosis and recurrent pregnancyloss. Serum homocysteine levels in pregnancy have been linked to preeclampsia,recurrent abortions and lowbirth weight. Diagnosis of this condition is missed on routine basis due to extremely less frequency of theevaluation of serum homocysteine levels on a routine basis. Here we report a case of hyperhomocysteinemiaas underlying cause of bad obstetric history and DVT which are few of the classic presentations of the entityseen in the single patient. the condition was diagnosed by multidisciplinary approach.


The spectrum of what can be defined as health and illness has been progressively changed, by both the recognition of diverse diseases and how they are characterised, and the emergence of new patterns of problems. These new, emergent patterns of distress, impairment, 'strange' phenomena and suffering may be those associated with, for instance, a new infectious disease arising from viral mutation, or a new pattern of problems resulting from environmental or other hazards, or with socially driven behavioural change, or existing behaviour newly described, for instance, narcissistic personality disorder. Behavioural changes, whether the result of internally driven processes (such as chemical factors, e.g. neurotransmitters) or externally (as with adversity, violence, abandonment) may also lead to consistent patterns of suffering and dysfunction, which become defined as 'disorder'. Syndromes—patterns of symptoms— may constitute physical or psychiatric disorders that can be recognised and diagnosed as such and treated.


The unique mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphitic structures have drawn extensive attention from researchers over the past two decades. The electro-mechanical behavior of these structures and their composites, in which electrical resistance changes when mechanical deformation is applied facilitates their use in sensing applications. In this work, carbon nanotube sheet – epoxy nanocomposites with the matrix modified with various contents of coarse and fine graphene nanoplatelets are fabricated. The addition of a secondary filler results in improvements of both electrical and mechanical properties. In addition, with the inclusion of the second filler, change in resistivity with mechanical deformation (manifested by gauge factor) is significantly enhanced. Nanocomposite with 5 wt. % coarse graphene platelets achieved the most effective resistivity-strain behavior and largest gauge factor. Similar trend in variation of gauge factor variation was observed for fine graphene nanoplatelet – nanotube sheet nanocomposites. An analytical model for explaining these observations, incorporating strain and the effect of second filler, is developed. Sensors fabricated using these hybrid nanocomposites can be potentially used in damage sensing of aerospace carbon-fiber composites.


Most theoretical models in finance measure risk as variance or covariance. However, many financial decision-makers seem to regard risk as the volatility of below-target returns and treat the volatility of above-target returns as a sweetener. Using simple metrics of downside risk and upside potential, constructed from conditional covariances, I test for the empirical content of this asymmetry. I introduce a new composite metric of semidimensional risks which reveals that the nonlinearity in the covariation of stock returns with bearish and bullish conditions of the market is priced in the cross-section of stock returns. In particular, I find that stocks that have concave characteristic regression lines against the market earn higher average returns than stocks that have convex characteristic regression lines. This new metric captures the relevant information in returns asymmetry or nonlinearity better than either coskewness or the square-coefficient from quadratic regression. I also present results that are consistent with a semidimensional risk-based explanation for the twin puzzles of return momentum and reversal. The primitive representation of the security pricing kernel as the negative of covariance between marginal utility of consumption and security returns lends theoretical support for semidimensional risks and provides a unifying perspective for seemingly disparate literature on semivariances, skewness and behavioral finance.


BACKGROUND
Insulin-like growth-factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development of cancer and is important for the regulation of tissue growth, predominantly via the growth hormone (GH). Targeting IGF-1R is a current topic of cancer research. The aim of this study was to identify IGF-1R in undifferentiated carcinomas of the head and neck.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-one formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 20 patients with undifferentiated carcinomas were investigated. IGF-1R was detected immunohistochemically. In some cases, the infection status for Einstein Barr virus (EBV, DNA) or HPV (RNA) was known.

RESULTS
IGF-1R was detected in all tumours, regardless of differentiation or proof of EBV or HPV integration into the genome.

DISCUSSION
This study revealed a broad expression of IGF-1R in undifferentiated carcinomas of the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal region, both in primaries and regional lymph nodes. These results suggest that IGF-1R expression in these tumours is capable of transmitting mitogenic signals to the neoplastic cells. The presence of IGF-1R in undifferentiated carcinomas suggests that these tumours can respond to IGF. Targeting this receptor may be a promising tool for the treatment of advanced stage NPC.


We investigate the growth of solutions of , where and are entire functions. When and satisfy some conditions, we prove that every nonzero solution of the above equation has infinite order and hyper-order 1, which improve the previous results.


CHAPMAN, J. D., BLAKELY, E. A., SMITH, K. C., URTASUN, R. C., LYMAN, J. T., AND TOBIAS, C. A. Radiation Biophysical Studies with Mammalian Cells and a Modulated Carbon Ion Beam. Radiat. Res. 74, 101-111 (1978). Chinese hamster (V-79) and human kidney (T-l) cells were irradiated in stirred suspensions placed at various positions in the plateau and extended Bragg peak of a 400-MeV/amu carbon ion beam. The range of the ions was modulated by a lead (translational) ridge filter and a brass (spiral) ridge filter designed to produce extended peaks of -4 and 10 cm, respectively. Stationary-phase and Gi-phase populations of Chinese hamster cells were found to have different absolute radiosensitivities which, in turn, were different from that of asynchronous human kidney cells. The increase in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) observed as carbon ions were slowed down and stopped in water was similar for the three cell populations at doses greater than 400 rad. At lower doses the RBE was greater for the hamster cell populations than for the human kidney cells. The gain in RBE (at the 50% survival level) between the plateaus and the middle region of the extended peaks was -2.0 and 1.7 for the 4- and 10-cm extended peaks, respectively. Oxygen enhancement ratios (OER) were determined at the 10% survival levels with stationary-phase populations of hamster cells. Values of 2.8, 2.65, and 1.65 were obtained for the OER of 220-kV X rays, plateau carbon, and the middle region of the 4-cm carbon peak, respectively. Across the 10-cm carbon peak the OER was found to vary between values of 2.4 to 1.55 from the proximal to distal positions.


B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F,5,measuredby a gas chromatography-mass spectrometrymethodwithdeuterated internal standards, was significantly -increased. Thisindicates thatthromboxane andprostacyclin synthesis are increased duringthe development ofacutemyocardial infarction. Theexcretion datafor2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 showedthatafter administration ofaspirin there was lesspronouncedand more variable inhibition thanexpected. Prostacyclin infusion didnot markedlyaffect theexcretion ofthe thromboxane metabolite. Therehasbeenconsiderable interest inthepossible role ofplatelets inthepathogenesis ofacutemyocardial infarction.1 Thediscovery ofthromboxane A2andits vasoconstricting andplatelet aggregating effects hasfocused attention on thepossible involvement ofthisplatelet-derived compound in cardiovascular disease.2 Similarly thediscovery of prostacyclin anditsvasodilatory andplatelet antiaggregatory effects triggered offintense research on thepossible roleofthiscompound inprotective mechanisms against cardiovascular disease.3 Studies onthepossible involvement ofthose compounds inhumancardiovascular disease havelong beenhampered bythelack ofsuitable methods for monitoring theinvivoproduction ofthromboxane A2andprostacyclin. Thromboxane A2andprostacyclin arechemically degraded invivo tothrom


The shift to a sustainable economy represents one of the most sweeping transitions organizations face today. In this article, we 'chat' with five sustainability leaders in the entertainment industry to learn what interests them about sustainability, how their motivations translate into company actions, and how they overcome obstacles.


GENERALLY speaking, the various state workmen's compensation statutes establish a scheme of social insurance against the economic consequences of industrial accidents. Typically, these statutes provide that, regardless of fault, employers must provide compensation for accidental injuries in accordance with statutorily established scales and that, in return, employers are relieved of common-law tort or wrongful-death liability arising out of the employment relationship.1 Since the enactment of the first American compensation laws, however, the states have pursued dissimilar policies in distinguishing fully liable third-party tortfeasors from employers whose liability to employees is limited by the compensation acts. Moreover, some states allow the employee or his administrator to receive compensation payments from the employer and to sue a third-party tortfeasor as well, while other states lodge the exclusive right to initiate such a suit in the insurer who actually made the compensation payments. 2 Consequently, if an employee crosses a state boundary in connection with his employment and then suffers injury or death for which compensation is subsequently awarded, the contrasting attitudes of the several states may create difficult choice-of-law questions in a third-party tort suit. These questions and the kinds of solutions that courts have fashioned are illustrated by the cases described in the following paragraphs. Biddy v. Blue Bird Air Service.3 Ralph Biddy, a resident of Michigan and an employee of a Michigan corporation, was killed in an airplane crash in Illinois. After his dependents had received an award under the Michigan workmen's compensation act, Biddy's administratrix commenced a wrongful-death action in Illinois against the operators of the airplane. Defendants claimed that, under both the Michigan and Illinois compensation acts, the cause of action for wrongful death belonged solely to the plaintiff's compensation insurer. 4 Having lost below, the defendants argued on appeal that the trial court's refusal to permit proof of the Michigan law was a violation of the federal Constitution's full faith and credit clause. Agreeing with this contention, the


The multifunctional exercise machine is developed,in which the body weight is taken instead of the traditional counterweight system.Its motive force arm and load is linked depending on the variable-speed system.Its operation is very simple and convenient.


Preventing family violence, including the abuse and neglect of older people, is an important community and social policy issue in New Zealand. Although significant research and intervention activities have been undertaken to reduce family violence in general, less is known about the nature of elder abuse and neglect, and appropriate and effective prevention strategies in a New Zealand context. Drawing on qualitative interviews with older people and their caregivers, as well as service providers and non-governmental organisations that provide support to older people, this article discusses recent research findings related to societal-level risk and protective factors that may affect the incidence of elder abuse and neglect. Some of the factors identified include the need to pay attention to ageism and older people's rights, gender roles, and societal ideas about individuals and families. The findings have implications for policy and practice. Supporting community and societal change that reduces ageism and promotes positive and valued roles for older people will contribute to the wider goal. Practical strategies – such as the provision of information for older people, family and carers – that support the empowerment of older people may also help to minimise the risks of elder abuse and neglect.


We present an improved ''aggregated model'' where a population is replaced by base point representing population and probe point imitating search process. Presented results shows similar dynamic behavior for proposed algorithm in comparison to model of soft selection algorithms specially for small populations.


This paper presented a question of the suspended-top produced often by the mid-deed-hole blasting method in Nanshan's eighth mine in Yinshan Lead Zine Mine,the treatment methods and precautionary measures.


An empirical equation is presented that closely approximates experimentally measured void fractions in steamwater flow with heat addition. Correlation of void fractions with heat addition is achieved through the use of steam quality, the ratio of the density of the fluid phases, a heat-addition parameter, and a fluid-property parameter. Void fractions without heat addition are also correlated by the proposed empirical equation. Correlation of data is achieved over a range of fluid pressures from 1 to 135 atmospheres and steam qualities from 0 to 1.0. (auth)