An integrated inductor, using 0.1 mm Fe-Si alloy composite films, has been developed with a dimension of 4.8 mm × 4.5 mm × 1.0 mm thickness. The developed inductor is structured by stacking of metal alloy composite films with μR = 19.5, which consist of mixed Fe-Si alloy powders and epoxy resin for high current application. These stacked films have an etched spiral copper trace with 9 and quarter turns for 4 layers on each film. Copper trace is patterned with a dimension of 0.07 mm thickness, 0.45 mm width, and 1 mm pitch using photolithography technology. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed inductor, inductance and DC resistance were simulated and measured. The simulated result of 1.05 μH and 83 mΩ is well coincided with measured results of 1 μH and 88 mΩ. It is also confirmed that the inductor has a high current capacity of 3 A rated and 6 A saturated values. As an application, a synchronous step down DC-DC converter using the developed inductor is fabricated with the output power of 6...


MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-translational modulation of gene expression. Not much is known about the role of miRs in vaccine adjuvant activity. In this study, we investigated miRs elicited by PorB, a TLR2 dependent adjuvant from N. meningitidis, in vivo and in vitro. Mice (WT) were immunized 3 times, 2 weeks apart with Ova +/- PorB. Splenic RNA was obtained 24 hours after each immunization and analyzed by microarrays. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from WT, MyD88 or TLR2 knock out mice were stimulated with PorB, RNA was isolated and miRs expression was determined by RT-PCR. The in vivo study revealed that miR505 and miR15a expression was increased, while miR689 and miR666 expression was decreased when PorB was included in the vaccine preparation. Interestingly the differential expression of these miRs were seen after the 2nd but not after the 1st or 3rd immunization, suggesting that the regulatory events driven by PorB occurred after the 2nd immunization. We also observed a high increase in the expression of miR155 upon stimulation with PorB in vitro, however the miR155 expression was dampened in BMDM from TLR2 knock out mice and completely abrogated in MyD88 knock out mice. PorB seems to be able to induce high level of miR155 in a TLR2 independent as well as TLR2 dependent mechanism. These data increase our understanding of the association of miR expression and PorB adjuvant activity.


An increasingly valuable tool for modelling irregularly sampled time series data is the continuous time autoregressive model. The natural parameters in this model are the coefficients of the linear stochastic differential equation describing the process which gives rise to the data. A transformation of these parameters is introduced, based on the Cayley-Hamilton transformation. The new parameter space is identical with that of discrete time autoregressive models. The model is also modified by the introduction of prescribed moving average terms. The resulting modelling improvements include rapid and reliable convergence of parameter estimates and the ability to select the model order by testing whether the highest order coefficient is 0


Rapid industrialization and urbanization process makes the functional value of urban ecology space even more remarkable.The green land protection policy on public interest results in barriers to develop rural community economy and promote residents' income,which lead to more and more social conflicts originated from urban and rural land use.On the basis of urban spatial political-economy theory,and actors network theory,in a case of Fruit Tree Protection Zone of Haizhu District in Guangzhou City(HZFTPZ) the article investigated the evolution process,origins,types and governance mechanics of land use conflicts.The article found that,the evolution process of land use conflicts could be divided into 4 stages according to the intensity and levels of significance,i.e.,latent period,obvious period,transformation period and conglutination period.But Nondeterminacy still exists in the further evolution of land use conflicts because of the role of conflict circle.During the evolution of land use conflicts,land use conflicts subjects spread from the core of land use conflicts to the periphery,social actors involved emerged ceaselessly,and conflict issues,standpoints and attitudes of conflict subjects and approaches to resolve conflicts were sequentially changed.In addition,land use conflicts were divided into procedure conflicts,value conflicts,interest conflicts and structure conflicts from appearance to nature,based on their origins and differentiation display.And all types of land use conflicts were logically related,because of the organically interaction and integration of social actors' factors and social and economic regimes structure factors.Many land use conflicts registered as procedure destination differences among social actors,and the even deeper reasons displayed as the value judgment differences on the priority of protection-development and public interest-individual-interest among parties to a conflict,and the subjective understanding differences on land use interest distribution and risk exposure among parties to a conflict,but the final origins of conflict expansion or continuous agglutination existed in policy defects and regime cruxes in procedure design standard,values guidelines and interest distribution balance.During the governance process of land use conflicts,various sorts and varieties of social actors centered on some issues,established interlaced networks by consultation and negotiation and made up mechanics of recourse sharing and mutual benefit and collaboration,thus gained the ends of collaborative governance.The concrete measures including to establish the participation and communication networks based on communicating and participating of stakeholders,the collaborative governance network based on the networking cooperation of social actors,the community co-management network based on the appeal of community participation,the interest coordination network based on interest balance and coordination of stakeholders,and the land use conflict prevention and mediation network based on the prevention and mediation of land use conflicts.


The state of Nagaland came into existence in 1963, with the union government granting special status to the state under Article 371A of the Indian constitution. These special provisions safeguard the indigenous social and customary practices and economic resources from the interventions and policies of the union government sans state legislature's concurring resolution on the same. The special status while protecting the aforementioned rights of the Nagas creates a contrasting duality of sorts—in that modern market based democratic and economic institutions coexist with the traditional institutions. This blending of the old and the new often creates contestations and contradictions within the state's political, social and economic spheres. In understanding these issues besieging Nagaland, neoliberal narratives of development economics and policy prescriptions thereof may be ill-disposed. The present article attempts to unravel the factors arresting economic development in the state by analysing various macroeconomic indicators. It is suggested that at the core lies the conflict between an attempt to establish a modern market-based economy with private ownership and that of a tribal-community based economic rights with customary laws and practices. The imperative role of the state government is emphasised to provide a mechanism for resolving the economic questions and ushering in development while preserving the rights of the indigenous people.


Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.


Since a humanoid robot takes the morphology of human users will intuitively expect that they can freely manipulate the humanoid extremities when try to control as pilots However it is not real ized with simple devices because it is di cult to simultaneously issue multiple control inputs to the whole body On the other hand a small number of control inputs such as a cam in a wind up me chanical doll can generate various motion patterns of extremities In this sense it is useful for mo tion pattern generation to get mapping functions bidirectionally between a large number of control inputs to a humanoid robot and a small number of control inputs that a user can intentionally op erate From a standpoint of multivariate analysis by executing principal component analysis PCA in joint angle space motion patterns are converted into low dimensional variables The problem is to nd such convenient variables not only for speci c motion like walk but also multiple whole body mo tion patterns This paper presents the results that dimensional inputs can generate an approximate walking pattern and dimensional inputs does types of motion patterns with hierarchical nonlin ear PCA NLPCA


Combating tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), an exotic tree species that has invaded 1-1.6 million hectares of riparian land in the Midwestern United States, with the introduced leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata provides an opportunity to evaluate how the trophic spectra of terrestrial insects respond to a herbivorous biocontrol. To evaluate this restoration approach and the interaction biocontrol may have with terrestrial insect populations, I quantified trophic unit richness and abundance and common family abundance of resident insect populations while also measuring biocontrol abundance and status during the previous season (present or not present). These measurements were taken four times throughout one season in monotypic tamarisk at two locations in Grand County, Utah. Biocontrol abundance was lower when biocontrol had been present in the previous season. Predator, omnivore and herbivore richness and omnivore, Histeridae, Lygeaidae and Formicidae abundance showed a relationship with biocontrol abundance. When biocontrol had been present in the previous season, predator richness and, Histeridae abundance was higher while when biocontrol had not been present in the previous season herbivore richness and detritivore, Lygeaidae and Elateridae abundance was higher. The results suggest relationships exist between D.elongata and multiple members of the trophic spectra of terrestrial insects that changes when biocontrol have been present for more than one season. If D. elongata are adding connections and complexity to the trophic spectra through these relationships with terrestrial insects than the use of iii biocontrol in monotypic tamarisk stands may help preserve what is left of the trophic web in the invaded ecosystem. Understanding the side effects of a biocontrol on the trophic structure of an ecosystem is essential to land management. At the same time, this work provides a more thorough understanding of the effect of herbivorous biocontrol on the trophic ecology of disturbed ecosystems.


The main purpose of the paper is to construct control laws for a quadcopter using different approaches. The first approach is the PID controller, that is very versatile and simple in comparison with other methods. On the other side, the LQR controller has robustness and good performance. Another important problem that considered in the paper is detection of moving objects using the camera installed on the quadcopter. The method of solution the problem is proposed. The results of its application are presented.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hydraulic knee controller deterioration on the gait of a single transfemoral amputee subject. As such, this should be considered a preliminary study. A set of gait experiments was developed and conducted to achieve this purpose. Although the subject did feel the difference between the deteriorated hydraulic controllers, no substantial deterioration trends were isolated in the kinematic or kinetic data collected at various stages of knee controller deterioration. A large variability was observed in the baseline gait trials that were recorded on different days. To eliminate the variability, a dynamic model of transfemoral amputee gait was developed based on the experimental data. The model predictions of ground reaction forces showed good agreement with experimental data. The effectiveness of the model was validated.


The purpose of this study is aimed to determine the influence of the characteristics of region governments. The characteristics includes the regional government's wealth; balance funds; and the level of regional financial independence, the Human Development Index, and the BPK's audit quality results which includes findings; deviation level; and audit opinion toward the level of disclosure in local government financial statements. The populations in this study are all the Local Government Financial Reports of regencies and cities in Central and East Java. The number of samples in this study were 130 Local Government Financial Statements. The result of this study shows that: Regional Government Wealth and Regional Financial Independence Ratios significantly influences the Local Government Financial Statement disclosure level, while Intergovernmental Revenue; The Human Development Index; Audit Findings; Audit Deviation Levels; and Audit Opinions did not significantly influences the Local Government Financial Statement disclosure level.


The emergence and improvement of wearable low cost sensors gives way to an improved patient rehabilitation from impairment such as those caused by accidents or stroke. We have developed a digital motion sensing system that uses accelerometers and gyroscopes worn by the patient, and enables the rehab session to be recorded visually using a high-FPS camera. Through collaboration with interns and licensed physical therapists (PTs), we conducted tests using these wearable sensors known as the inertial measurement unit (IMU) side-by-side their norm of using a static universal goniometer (UG). An Android-based portable system was demonstrated that could be used by PTs on the move. We explored the variations of the normal range of motion (ROM) in healthy uninjured individuals, following that the functional ROM is less stringent than the conventional criteria. We can show that using the system the patient can participate in developing their digital medical records, as well as in their own wellness program.


Although neuroendocrine (NE) cells in prostate cancer have been speculated to accelerate the growth and progression of surrounding cancer cells, the evidence is as yet inconclusive. We investigated the effect of an NE allograft (NE‐10) and its cell line, NE‐CS, which were established from the prostate of the LPB‐Tag 12T‐10 transgenic mouse, on human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.


Software entities should be open for extension, but closed to modification. Unfortunately, unanticipated requirements emerging during software evolution makes it difficult to always enforce this principle. This situation poses a dilemma that is particularly important when considering component-based systems: On the one hand, violating the open/closed principle by allowing for modification compromises independent extensibility. On the other hand, trying to enforce the open/closed principle by prohibiting modification precludes unanticipated dimensions of extension. Dynamic links increase the number of dimensions of extension that can be exploited without performing modification of existing types. Thus, dynamic links make it possible to enforce the open/closed principle in situations where it would otherwise not be possible. We present Decouplink – a library-based implementation of dynamic links for Java. We also present experience with the use of dynamic links during the evolution of a component-based control system.


The electrocardiogram (ECG) presented in Figure 1 was obtained from a 62-year-old woman, with a 10-year history of heart palpitations and several syncopal and presyncopal episodes in the last few months, who was referred for electrophysiological study and pacemaker implantation. The echocardiogram was unremarkable apart from moderate tricuspid regurgitation. A nonarrhythmia ECG was also normal with a PR interval of 160 milliseconds. She presented with almost permanent irregular supraventricular tachyarrhythmia at 120–170 bpm, interspersed with frequent supraventricular ectopy (several thousand per 24 hour) and periods of pronounced paroxysmal first degree atrioventricular (AV) block with a PR of approximately 600 milliseconds (Fig. 1). Is it possible that a single mechanism underlies all of the observed ECG phenomena?


Abstract We report on the reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence spectra (λ=200–1200 nm) of four types of chicken eggshells (white, brown, light green, dark green) measured in situ without pretreatment and after ablation of 20–100 μm of the outer shell regions. The color pigment protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is embedded in the protein phase of all four shell types as highly fluorescent monomers, in the white and light green shells additionally as non‐fluorescent dimers, and in the brown and dark green shells mainly as non‐fluorescent poly‐aggregates. The green shell colors are formed from an approximately equimolar mixture of PPIX and biliverdin. The axial distribution of protein and colorpigments were evaluated from the combined reflectances of both the outer and inner shell surfaces, as well as from the transmittances. For the data generation we used the radiative transfer model in the random walk and Kubelka‐Munk approaches.


This study aims to determine the kinds of difficulties, the level of difficulty in terms of the level of the class, the difficulty level of teachers in terms of the learning phase, and the factors that cause the difficulties of teachers in the development of higher order thinking skills in learning biology in State SMA of Yogyakarta city. The type of research is a survey research. The population is all of Biology teachers in State SMA of Yogyakarta city with the sample is all of Biology teachers at SMAN 2 Yogyakarta, SMAN 3 Yogyakarta, SMAN 5 Yogjakarta, SMAN 7 Yogyakarta, and SMAN 8 Yogyakarta. Data was collected using questionnaires and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the kinds of difficulties teachers are planning the preparation of assessment instruments that suitable for measuring students' higher order thinking skills, the development of thinking skills high level C6 (created) in any material in high school biology course, overcoming the students' difficulties to master the higher order thinking skills, and find the cause of failure students to master high-level thinking skills. The difficulty level of teachers in terms of the level is very high for grade XII, high for class XI and low for class X. The difficulty level of teachers in terms of the learning phase is moderate for learning planing and high for learning implementation and learning evaluation. The cause of teachers difficulty are in: a) understanding the higher order thinking skills, b) implementing learning activities that develop the higher order thinking skills, c) limitation of time allocation, d) facing the diversity of students, e) facing the external assessment, and f) understanding and implementing assessment of high-level thinking.


In this paper measuring and modelling of acoustic parameters from different type of sound sources (point, surface, line) under the influence of surroundings and propagation conditions are discussed thoroughly. The potential influence of different reflection surfaces around sound source and around imission points, the reflection from surface below direct propagation path and the influence of meteorological conditions are considered regarding measurement and modelling results accuracy and precision. Three different case studies are presented with respect to the measurement and modelling results. The point source installed on a building window and imission point near and on the façade of neighbouring object, the unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) above asphalt and grass and a local road and railway as line sound sources are considered. It can be noted that different ways of choosing an input measurement parameters (for example location in standing wave field at some frequency, the reflection surface of plane below sound source, the influence of residual noise) can have significant influence on obtained measurement and modelling environmental noise parameters results.


The invention relates to a connector for motor vehicles. More specifically, the invention relates to a connector comprising contact-bearing modules (123). For example, the connector comprises a housing (110) housing two lateral modules and one central module (123) itself inserted between the two lateral modules. Each of these modules is locked into the housing (110) by an independent locking mechanism. The locking mechanism (160) for the central module (123) comprises a fixed snug (164) borne by the central module (123) and a cantilevered hook (163) situated on the housing (110). The housing also has a cavity (162). This cavity (162) may potentially be used to house a fuse. This cavity (162) also allows access to the locking mechanism (160) of the central module (123) in order to operate it. The cantilevered hook (163) can be disengaged from the snug (164) by pressure (P) on the cantilevered hook (163) which is rendered possible by the space left by the cavity (162).


The invention relates to a PC/ABS halogen-free flame-retardant alloy with high surface impact strength and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises 70-90 weight parts of PC, 5-20 weight parts of ABS, 0.5-5 weight parts of compatilizer, 2-10 weight parts of flexibilizer, 0.1-1 weight parts of anti-oxidant, 0.1-1 weight parts of lubricant, and 5-20 weight parts of flame retardant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials according to the above ingredients and weight parts, putting the raw materials except the flame retardant in a medium-speed mixer, mixing for 5-30 min to obtain a mixed material, finally putting the mixed material in a double-screw extruder, adding the flame retardant from a side position, controlling the rotating speed of the screws to 180-600 rpm, carrying out melting extrusion, and granulating to obtain a product. Compared with the prior art, the PC/ABS halogen-free flame-retardant alloy disclosed herein is prepared by using the specific flexibilizer, thus the surface impact strength of the PC/ABS halogen-free flame-retardant alloy is improved.


Abstract Objectives  To determine the susceptibility of isolated pathogens with different samples collected from patients taking cefotaxime as compared with ceftriaxone. Methods   In vitro susceptibility study was conducted at microbiology laboratories of east (Bhubaneshwar), west (Ahmedabad), north (Delhi), and south (Srikakulam) India. Samples of treatment naïve patients with various clinical infections were included if they were positive for bacterial culture. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibitions (ZoIs) for each isolate were determined using Ezy MIC strip test and disk diffusion methods, respectively. Findings of MIC and ZoI were interpreted as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results  Four hundred clinical samples of urinary tract infection (42.75%), lower respiratory tract infection (20.75%), skin and soft tissue infection (16.75%), and sepsis (12.75%) were evaluated. Escherichia coli (47.75%) was the most common organism isolated followed by Klebsiella (26%), Salmonella (7.75%), and Proteus mirabilis (3.75%). The mean MIC values for E. coli , Klebsiella , Staphylococcus , Citrobacter koseri , and Serratia marcescens were found to be lower when treated with cefotaxime compared with ceftriaxone, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, cefotaxime produced significantly ( p  < 0.05) more ZoI for E. coli , Klebsiella , and Salmonella as compared with ceftriaxone. Conclusion  Cefotaxime has shown better sensitivity profile in terms of MIC and ZoI to most of the isolated organisms as compared with ceftriaxone and thus can be preferred for empirical treatment of such patients.


Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P <0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.

Key words:
Critical illness; Hyperglycemia; Insulin resistance; Prognosis; Children


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative synovial joint disease with progressive pain and deformity. Stem cell therapy, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has revolutionized the treatment of knee OA. However, clinical evidence for MSCs in the treatment of knee OA is insufficient. The primary objective of this research is to offer substantiation and recommendations for advancing and utilizing MSC therapy in clinical settings, in contrast to the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) as the standard control group.Methods: This study was a meta-analysis conducted through a search for relevant scientific reports in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, using some keywords such as "mesenchymal stem cell," "hyaluronic acid," and "osteoarthritis." Results: Mesenchymal stem cells showed promising results on a clinical basis. Among five included studies of 139 patients with knee osteoarthritis consisting of 70 patients treated with MSC and 69 patients treated with HA, mesenchymal stem cells provide significant short-term pain relief at 6- (I2=34%; SMD=-0.58 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.07; p=0.02) and 12-months follow-up (I2=28%; SMD=-0.79 95% CI, -1.22 to -0.37; p=0.0003), with relative clinical improvement. The highly differentiated MSC aids in tissue repair, regulation of immune response, and anti-inflammatory effect on knee osteoarthritis, including the chondrogenesis mechanism.Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has shown effectiveness compared to hyaluronic acid injection for knee osteoarthritis, providing pain relief and improved functional outcomes on short-term intervals up to 12 months follow-up. Mesenchymal stem cells display some chondroprotective effects requiring further research and development.


S2 his Radio Communications Supplement (RCS) takes a trip up the protocol stack from physical bandwidth sharing to mobility management in an all-IP network, then to security, and finally to a mobilityenabling platform, the high altitude platform (HAP) airship. Lee Pucker's column looks at multichannel architectures that characterize cellular and other radio communications infrastructure systems. The "Bandwidth Sharing Approach to Improve Licensed Spectrum Utilization" developed by Papadimitratos, Sankaranarayanan, and Mishra of Virginia Tech goes beyond the mere physical layer with a complete ad hoc secondary spectrum access protocol compatible with a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) primary user, a technical idea sure to engender serious thought on the part of those who paid big bucks for the spectrum licenses. Although the IEEE focuses on technology and not the business case, we regularly publish technical papers directly related to business cases, such as the many technical treatments of user needs. Here we have a convincing technical story about how ad hoc networks could (peacefully?) coexist with typically overused spectrum, in its periods of less than peak use, of course. Colleagues Masami Yabusaki, Takatoshi Okagawa, and Kazuo Imai of innovator NTT DoCoMo take another look at how the mobile telecommunication network is morphing into an all-IP mobile network with diversified radio access systems. Their article "Mobility Management in All-IP Mobile Network: Endo-to-End Intelligence or Network Intelligence?" explores candidate strategies for mobility management, with a detailed discussion of mobility management protocols and some basic results from their testbed, carefully articulating the question of how to structure mobility management. Bandwidth sharing and increased mobility may create new applications for the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). The article "EAP and IEEE 802.1x: Tutorial and Empirical Experience" by Jyh-Cheng Chen and YuPing Wang develops the authentication paradigm with sufficient detail in the message sequences to consider the security implications of extreme mobility. To complete the supplement, "Integrated Satellite-HAP Systems" examines hybrid airship-satellite architectures as enablers for future high-capacity systems. Cianca and Prasad of Aalborg University, Denmark, team up with De Sanctis, De Luise, Antonini, Teotino, and Ruggieri of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" to consider the technical features and new levels of capability offered by such an architecture. The editorial board would like to thank the authors for these cutting edge contributions and thank you, the readers, for your continued interest in the RCS. We always appreciate your feedback and suggestions for future topics for the RCS. Best regards from the RCS Editorial Board!


Some pattern matching algorithms were analyzed and,an algorithm,suitable for Chinese,based on KMP was proposed,that is two-way pattern matching algorithm.Based on KMP,characteristic-array was introduced into to record the positional information of end character which appears in the pattern string and further to get the maximum moving distance of the pattern and the least times of comparing during the process of pattern string's matching.Experimental results show that two-way pattern matching algorithm can effectively reduce the times of matching.


Thermally stimulated polarization currents (TSPC) of pristine PET/0.8PHB polymer liquid crystals have been studied at various polarizing fields ranging from 38.5 kV/cm to 153.8 kV/cm at continuous temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 250 °C. The charge transport phenomena, responsible mechanisms can be investigated by studying TSP current spectra of these polymer liquid crystals. The TSP current spectra consists of two maxima one at low temperature region and the other at high temperature region and a linear variation in the temperature region from 70°C to 190°C. The relaxation behaviour of this PLC is results from various mechanisms associated with crystalline and amorphous phases.


The Canadian Radarsat satellite was launched on November 4, 1995 and is now in routine operation. Radarsat's payload consists of a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging instrstrument, and it is the first operational satellite SAR with an antenna which can reconfigure its elevation beam electronically. The SAR Antenna is a large deployable slotted waveguide planar array (1.5m by 15m) operating at 5.3 GHz. The antenna comprises 32 slotted waveguide rows with electronic Variable Phase Shifters which are set to produce various pseudo-trapezoidal elevation beam shapes. These beams vary in elevation width from 1.6° to 11.3° and scan over elevation angles from −21° (min. near edge) to +20° (max. far edge) relative to the antenna boresight. This provides ground coverage anywhere within an accessibility strip of width greater than 500 km. The along track (azimuth plane) radiation pattern is a pencil beam. In order to achieve optimum performance, accurate beam pattern information must be used in the processing. Unlike preceding satellite SAR systems, Radarsat operates with many different beams, and so the beam characterisation is a major task. This paper describes the procedures that were used to predict the patterns before launch and to measure them in-flight, and presents results demonstrating good correspondence between the two sets of data.


Background: Myositis specific antibodies play a central role in the assessment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) as their presence may indicate specific disease subsets/manifestations or cancer risk. At present, anti-MDA5 antibodies have been associated with the occurrence of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD), a life-threatening condition, generally refractory to treatment. Objectives: To describe the relationship between malignancy and anti-MDA5 antibodies in IIMs. Methods: Patients with anti-MDA5+ IIMs and a history of cancer were included in this study. Data were retrospectively collected. Because of the lack of RP-ILD shared definitions, we defined RP-ILD as an admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for IIMs related respiratory insufficiency. Results: In our cohort (n=133, 67% females) we identified 17 patients (13%) with a history of cancer (8 males [47%], 9 females [53%]; median age at IIMs onset 62 years [IQR 53-67], at cancer diagnosis 56 years [IQR 51-66]). All but 1 patient had solid tumours, 5 (29%) had breast cancer. In 9 patients (53%) cancer diagnosis ranged ± 3 years from IIMs onset; in 3 patients the delay exceeded 120 months. Three patients (18%) developed RP-ILD respectively 82, 66 and 0 months after the diagnosis of cancer. Four (24%) patients died respectively 0 (neoplasia), 0 (RP-ILD in ICU, diagnosis of cancer after an autopsy), 7 (neoplasia) and 66 (infection after RP-ILD in ICU) months after cancer diagnosis. The 13 surviving patients had a median rheumatological follow-up of 47 months (IQR 19-84) and an oncological follow-up of 57 months (IQR 10-130). Interestingly, in the overall cohort 66% of patients without cancer (76 out of 116) had less than 3 years of follow-up. Of the 22 RP-ILD patients without neoplasia 14 died, 11 during ICU admission. In the latter patients, we could not rule out an occult neoplasia due to the emergency of the situation. Only one patient, with a 18 month history of IIMs before ICU admission, underwent autopsy and was reported negative for cancer. Conclusion: This is the first study addressed to tackle the relationship between cancer and anti-MDA5+ IIMs. Although in some cases no clear relationship between IIMs and cancer can be proved because of the time gap, in others the timing of occurrence of cancer and IIMs was very close, suggesting a link between these manifestations. Finally, we emphasize the importance of an accurate neoplasm screening in anti-MDA5+ RP-ILD, because treatment refractoriness could suggest the paraneoplastic nature of the manifestation. References [1] Barsotti S, et al. Rheumatol Int 2014 [2] Lu X, et al. PLoS One 2014 Disclosure of Interests: Ludovico De Stefano: None declared, Santos Castañeda Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Ellen De Langhe: None declared, Jörg Distler: None declared, Johannes Knitza: None declared, Ilaria Cavazzana: None declared, alain meyer: None declared, Jorge Rojas-Serrano: None declared, eugenio arrigoni: None declared, Federica Furini: None declared, Marcello Govoni Paid instructor for: Pfizer, Roche, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Roche, Eli-Lilly, Celgene, Sanofi, Janssen, paola parrocchini: None declared, Giovanni Zanframundo: None declared, José Antonio P. da Silva: None declared, elisa pedrollo: None declared, Florenzo Iannone Consultant for: F Iannone has received consultancy fees and/or speaker honoraria from Pfizer, AbbVie, MSD, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, UCB outside this work, Speakers bureau: F Iannone has received consultancy fees and/or speaker honoraria from Pfizer, AbbVie, MSD, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, UCB outside this work, Carlomaurizio Montecucco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Sanofi, Genzyme, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, UCB, Lorenzo Cavagna: None declared


as the party of their natural social superiors . . ." (my italics). In fact, on their figures (p. 156) only 15 per cent of working-class respondents are Conservative deferentials! It is a credit much more to their persistence than their sense of political relevance that so elaborate a tale is spun on so slender a thread. Once one accepts the weakness of the "deference" explanation, however, there is much of value to recognize in both studies. McKenzie and Silver provide the student of British politics with a most thorough—and clearly presented—summary of the socioeconomic characteristics of working-class votes for both parties (chap. 3) for which all will be grateful. There are also some very interesting data on political partisanship. Nordlinger's study should be of interest to students of the "civic culture approach:" the mix of subject and participant orientations recognized by Almond and Verba is further explored in a comparative manner and is incorporated into a single variable theory of stable democracy.


Traditional evaluation methods of the water quality parameters exist more deficiency. Entropy right process and fuzzy mathematics method are combined to establish an improved fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. Total phosphorus (TP)、total nitrogen (TN) and index of permanganate (CODMn) are selected as observed indicators in this paper. According to Mensal measured data of water quality at 5 points from 2008 and 2009 years,based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation method for water quality assessment analysed in Poyang lake. The assessment results showed that Water quality of measure stations in different water seasons changed to take turns: normal water season > flood season > dry season. the pollution`s degree at town`s stations was smaller than counties` stations, at which sample were affected greater by industry and agriculture, and we must pay attention to let contamination in counties.


The reform process of public finance is also reconstructed process of investment and financing system. This article views from the point of urban construction and development, analyzes the influence that the establishment of public finance system on the main body of investment and financing, modes of financing, financing structure, and analyzes how to make the urban investment operation management system perfect and strengthens financing vigor.


Jewish apocalyptic literature emerged as a form of resistance literature during the intertestamental period. A product of marginalized communities, such literature is highly political, articulating the worldview of the politically oppressed and those who considered their religious freedoms to be under threat. As resistance literature, apocalypses cathartically utilize vivid descriptions of violence and poetic symbols of hope to encourage those who identify as victims to maintain their resistance to political pressure or injustice. This paper explores the ways the Christian Book of Revelation builds on this tradition to envisage hope in the face of systemic evil, political oppression, and injustice. Neither the noun nor verb for hope appear in Revelation, yet its eschatological vision of vindication, victory, and shared rule in New Jerusalem for those who are oppressed has inspired many Christians to hope for a new world order with significant implications for the present. After considering the historical context of Revelation, this paper will examine the ways the apocalyptic imagination of Revelation continues to be invoked and (mis)used in contemporary Christianized political discourse. I argue that the Book of Revelation continues to appeal precisely because it offers a framework for believing that the victim will become the victor in the eschaton.


We study equity in economies where agents are endowed with different, non transferable, personal talents. To compensate them for such differences a given amount of money needs to be shared among them. We axiomatize a family of social orderings over allocations based on efficiency, fairness and robustness properties. Taking into account incentive constraints we derive the optimal policy: individuals with the same talent need to be equally compensated and only people whose level of talent is below a certain threshold should receive a positive compensation.


Taken Taihu Lake as the study area,ten items of water quality parameters observed in thirty-three observation stations in 2007 were analyzed by the principal component analysis(PCA).The first principal component(PC) reflects the changes due to the eutrophication and organic contaminant.While DO and pH are the main parameters responsible for the second PC.The third PC indicates the predominance of changes due to temperature and coliforms.The water quality of Taihu Lake was evaluated by the first principal components.The Kriging interpolation was applied to estimate its spatial distribution,which showed the most serious area was still happed in the west-north and Wuli lake located in the north of Taihu Lake.The results shows that the principal component analysis is an efficient method of water quality evaluation.


The aim of this work was to describe the rehabilitation of a superior monoedentulia by positioning a conometric connection implant and a prosthetic crown using CAD/CAM technique. Surgical steps are explained and the biological aspects of this particular morse conometrical connection are evaluated, with particular attention to the possibility of removing the crown by means of an innovative attachment hole in the abutment. This type of monoedentulia can now be solved by implant-prosthetic replacement, and the dentist must choose the most suitable implant for each individual case, the most favorable connection and the most appropriate prosthetic material with regard to bone and soft tissue biology.


The present communication deals with the pharmacognostic investigations on the leaf of Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. (Acanthaceae). Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the organs and different chemical test were carried out for the authentication of the leaf samples. Extractive values as well as quantitative estimation of various phytochemicals have been studied.


Abstract:Eusebius of Caesarea's enumeration of Platonic parallels with scripture in Books 11–13 of the Praeparatio evangelica has traditionally been regarded in modern scholarship as an attempt to extol the virtues of Platonic thought and portray Greek philosophy as a preparation for Christian theology. Such conclusions, however, not only overlook the stated aims and pervasive polemical elements of the text but also disregard the apologist's explicit declarations that Greek philosophy has been (and must be) abandoned by Christians. Studies of the dependency theme in the Praeparatio have suitably problematized the prevailing opinion, showing instead that the purpose of the narrative is to illustrate the superiority of Hebrew wisdom by providing evidence that Plato's greatest ideas were plagiarized from Hebrew scripture. Although closer to the mark, there is an additional element essential to Eusebius's argument that requires consideration. Eusebius himself acknowledges that the impression of parity created by his demonstration of Plato's harmony with scripture potentially complicates his justification for Gentile Christians' apostasy and preference for Hebrew beliefs. As I argue in this article, he addresses this by emphasizing the role of the divine mind in the creation of scripture and—in keeping with the Praeparatio's focus on the deconstruction of Mediterranean identities—by identifying divine inspiration as a distinctly Hebrew characteristic.


organs results in losing balance, consequently dizziness, gaze, and images instability. While MEMS-based vestibular prosthesis (VP) have the potential to restore the balance function of patients with instability problem, the analysis of sensor performances and long term drift underlying this rehabilitation is lacking. This paper presents the detailed analysis of sensors performance and derive the requirements for development of vestibular prosthesis.


The invention discloses a detection tool and a detection method for the position of a cylinder head process hole. The detection tool comprises a test board, a tubular locating test sleeve, a locating block, a process hole round locating rod, a process hole diamond locating rod, three or more intake valve seat blank hole diamond pins and a scanning gauge, wherein the test board is provided with a test through hole corresponding to the to-be-detected process hole on the cylinder head and intake valve seat blank holes; and the locating block is fixed on the lower surface of the test board; the locating test sleeve and the test through hole are coaxially installed on the upper surface of the test board, and diameters of inner holes are larger than those of the corresponding intake valve seat blank holes. Whether a round ring in the locating test sleeve corresponding to the intake valve seat blank holes is large on one side and small on the other side can be observed through visual inspection, the specific amount of deflection can be detected through the scanning gauge, and modes can be selected as required in production; and the detection tool and the detection method are convenient, rapid and high in measuring accuracy and detection efficiency.


Review(s) of: Television and the Child: An Empirical Study of the Effect of Television on the Young, by Hilde T. Himmelweit, A. N. Oppenheim, Pamela Vince and Others (Oxford University Press, 1958); pp. 522.


The phenotype of human prion diseases is influenced by the prion protein (PrP) genotype as determined by the methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphism at codon 129, the scrapie PrP (PrPSc) type and the etiology. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of phenotype determination, we compared two‐dimensional immunoblot profiles of detergent insoluble and proteinase K‐resistant PrP species in a type of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJDMM2), variant CJD (vCJD) and sporadic fatal insomnia (sFI). Full‐length and truncated PrP forms present in the insoluble fractions were also separately analyzed. These three diseases were selected because they have the same M/M PrP genotype at codon 129 and the same type 2 PrPSc, but different etiologies, also sCJDMM2 and sFI are sporadic, whereas vCJD is acquired by infection. We observed minor differences in the PrP detergent‐insoluble fractions between sCJDMM2 and vCJD, although both differ in the corresponding fractions from sFI. We detected more substantial heterogeneity between sCJDMM2 and vCJD in the two‐dimensional blots of the proteinase K‐resistant PrP fraction suggesting that different PrP species are selected for conversion to proteinase K‐resistant PrP in sCJDMM2 and vCJD. These differences are mostly, but not exclusively, due to variations in the type of the N‐linked glycans. We also show that the over‐representation of the highly glycosylated forms distinctive of the proteinase K‐resistant PrPSc of vCJD in one‐dimensional blots is due to differences in both the amount and the natures of the glycans. Overall, these findings underline the complexity of phenotypic determination in human prion diseases.


Bardi man Patrick Shadforth has built his outstation up without government support, and says it has been an empowering experience.


Let X and Y be metric spaces. We show that the tight images of a (fixed) tight Borel probability measure μ on X, under all Borel mappings f: X → Y, form a closed set in the space of tight Borel probability measures on Y with the weak*-topology. In contrast, the set of images of μ under all continuous mappings from X to Y may not be closed. We also characterize completely the set of tight images of μ under Borel mappings. For example, if μ is non-atomic, then all tight Borel probability measures on Y can be obtained as images of μ, and as a matter of fact, one can always choose the corresponding Borel mapping to be of Baire class 2.


In order to provide an excellent service, the seller in e-commerce world is required to actively involves in communication with its customer. Nevertheless, in several condition e.g. in vacation or during a rest, the seller might be unable to communicate with his/her customer. While employing a customer service can be a partial solution, it may involves additional costs for paying customer service persons. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of e-commerce chatbot system which provides an automatic response to the incoming customer-to-seller question. In general, the proposed system consists of two main agents : communication and intelligent part. In order to get the question message sent by the customer, the communication agent periodically performs a request to Telegram server using a standard HTTP protocol. Upon reception, it forwards that question to intelligent agent which then find the closest instance in predefined question-answer corpora. Notice that, we utilize the Levenstein distance to measure the difference between a submitted question with that of in predefined question-answer corpora. Once an closest instance is selected, the intelligent agent forward the answer to communication agent which then send the answer back to the sender through Telegram chat service. From usability and performance testing result, the proposed system can deliver the automatic answer in less than 5 seconds with relatively good matching accuracy.


Data and Information Access Link (DIAL) is web based package software tools for Remote sesning and geo-spatial data applications. Using DIAL, scientists can set up a web based data server, organize data, build metadata catalog and distribute data. Users with WWW browser can access DIAL. DIAL has implemented EOS Data Gateway EDG and CIP protocols through which projects can set up a distributed data and metadata catalog system. The use of this system enhances data interoperability.


Mercury (Hg) has a long residence time in the atmosphere, which suggests that Hg recorded in peat lands derives partly from longrange transport. However, Hg accumulation rates (Hg AR) reconstructed from peat cores in European bogs do not show exactly the same spatiotemporal evolution. The question remains to which extent local point sources, climate and site specific processes might influence Hg AR. We present here results of three peat lands in the French Pyrenees: 1) Pinet (42°51'N, 1°58'E), 2) Orri de Théo (OT: 42°45'N, 1°24'E), and 3) Estibere (42°50'N, 0°10'E). The three sites cover a 150 km East-West transect along the French Pyrenees. The peat cores were cut at 1cm resolution according to the protocol of Le Roux et al. [1], Hg AR were determined for the last 2,000 years in OT and Estibere, and for the last 10,000 years for Pinet. A multi-coring protocol was used to investigate local-spatial variability of Hg AR. Pre-anthropogenic Hg AR obtained at Pinet show natural variations during the Holocene (between 0.2 and 13μg.m2.y with an average of 1.5μg.m2.y), which could be related to climate change. Since the beginning of the Anthropocene, Hg AR increased by a factor 25 and are similar within and between the three peat lands. In the upper part of the peat cores, three peaks are well-defined and recorded similarly at OT and Pinet, corresponding to the periods 19501955 (Hg AR at around 25μg.m 2.y at OT and 42μg.m2.y at Pinet), the 1970's (38μg.m2.y at OT and 52μg.m2.y at Pinet) and 1994-95 (55μg.m2.y at OT and 62μg.m2.y at Pinet). The similar evolution of Hg AR in these two peat lands, which are spread out over 50km, suggest that they do not reflect Hg deposition from different local sources but more likely common regional or global source(s). In addition to these similarities, we also observe some differences in Hg AR, reflecting local emission sources. For example, high Hg AR (around 12μg.m2.y) are found around 1500AD at OT, probably the result of local Fe-Pb-Ag mining activities and related to coal burning, and a peak (100μg.m2.y) is found at Pinet in 2001. [1] Le Roux et al. (2010), Mires and peat 7, 4.


The antihyperlipidemic simvastatin is available in the national market as compounded capsules and tablets dosage forms. A high performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection (238 nm) was used to quantify simvastatin tablets and capsules in 0.5% SDS in monobasic sodium phosphate buffer 0.01 M pH 7, as diluent or dissolution medium. The samples short-term stability was evaluated in the diluent, maintained at different temperatures. The short-term stability (until 24 h) of simvastatin solutions, not submitted to dissolution test was satisfactory for drug and for capsules, what has not been observed for tablets. Simvastatin stability in solutions maintained at 22-24 °C for 8 h, after the dissolution test, was satisfactory for the drug and for capsules containing butylhydroxytoluene, as excipient. Results for simvastatin capsules containing vitamin B12 and tablets samples indicate the need for cooling the solutions in dissolution studies if chromatographic analysis lasts more than 4 h and 2 h, respectively, as described.


The aim of the present work was to understand the effect of drying conditions (microwave output powers and sample amounts) and rehydration temperature on rehydration kinetics of microwave-dried basil. Four different models, Peleg's, Weibull, first-order and exponential association were applied to experimental data, and the corresponding parameters of the models were obtained. Also, the kinetic parameters of the models were correlated with the ratio of microwave output power to sample amount and temperature. Although all the models applied provided a good agreement with the experimental data, the Weibull model was observed as the most appropriate one for all the experimental data, with high coefficient of determination of R2 value. By using the kinetic parameters of this model, the activation energy for rehydration kinetic was estimated as 6.79 kJ/mol.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Drying is the one of the storage methods that has the capability of extending the consumption period of the sample. Drying not only affects the water content of the product, but also alters other physical, biological and chemical properties. The purpose of drying food products is to allow longer periods of storage with minimized packaging requirements, reduce shipping weights, and preserve seasonal plants and make them available to consumers during the whole year. Rehydration is a complex process aimed at the restoration of raw-material properties when dried material comes in contact with water and can be considered as a measure of the injury to the material caused by drying. The objective of rehydration studies is to obtain products that gained as much original textural characteristics – and as fast – as possible.


Combination of modified argon laser trabeculoplasty between YAG laser trabeculopuncture sites can improve the result of simple YAG laser trabeculopuncture. We performed these combined procedures in 63 medical uncontrolled open angle glaucoma eyes. Throughout eight months follow up 40 eyes (63.49%) can get good intraocular pressure control with medications. 9 eyes (22.5%) can taper medications. The other 23 eyes still cannot get pressure control and need surgery during the follow up. Among them 9 eyes of 5 patients get little response and need surgery within 2 weeks. Hyphema is the most troublesome complication.


Review(s) of: Regardfully Yours: Selected Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller Volume III: 1876-1896, edited by RW Home, AM Lucas, Sara Maroske, DM Sinkora, JH Voight and Monika Wells Publisher: Peter Lang, Bern, 2006. 909 pages, 21 illustrations, hardback ISBN 3-906757-10-2. RRP US$62.95 (A$215 in the Royal Botanic Gardens bookshop).


It is an important research area to supply users with the service of SLA in achieving extraordinary Grid QoS. A local task scheduling algorithm based on SLA for single task on grid node is proposed in this paper. Its mathematical model and the process are given. The experiment is taken in Java-based Grid simulated environment. The result shows that this algorithm can satisfy the user's requirement with SLA constraints and gives the local support for the global QoS and it has strong practical significance to improve the QoS for Grid services.


I define neologism-proofness, a refinement of perfect Bayesian equilibrium in cheap-talk games. It applies when players have a preexisting common language, so that an unexpected message′s literal meaning is clear, and only credibility restricts communication. I show that certain implausible equilibria are not neologism-proof; in some games, no equilibrium is. Journal of Economic Literature classification numbers: D83 D82 C73.


This study aims to analyze the purchase pattern of technology products in an electronic store using a priori method. A priori method is a data analysis technique used to identify associative relationships between various items in a dataset. In this study, data on purchase transactions of technology products from electronic stores becomes a database to be analyzed. The results of this analysis are expected to provide useful insights for electronic stores in developing marketing strategies and managing product stock. By knowing common buying patterns between technology products, e-stores can optimize product placement in stores, compile relevant promotional packages, and increase customer satisfaction. The research will involve several stages, including preprocessing of data to prepare datasets, implementation of a priori methods to identify patterns of association, and analysis of results to provide relevant interpretations. Through discussion and conclusion, this study will provide an overview of the implications of research results, recommendations for electronic stores, and limitations that may be encountered.


To determine the differences in the type, incidence, and severity of 90‐day morbidity after radical cystectomy between two different methods of urinary diversion, ileal conduit and neobladder.


Regional difference in economically underdeveloped areas is the hotspot of domestic and foreign scholars.Taking the conception and model of the regional gravity center and adopting the data collected from each city or county at north periphery of the Tarim Basin in the past 45 years(1965-2009),this paper figures out the dynamic evolvement of the population,GDP,first industry,second industry and arable land area gravity center,and analyzes the correlation of evolvement of the population with other economy gravity center at the same time.The results show as follows:(1) Population and economy gravity center of north foreland of the Tarim basin all have shown the trends of migration from the west to the east in 1965-2009,which indicates that the economic development rapidly increased in the east.The developments of GDP,first industry,second industry are the decisive role in guiding population distribution,while the change of population distribution causes the change of arable land area at the same time.(2) The migration of the population has a strong correlation with GDP,first industry,second industry,which passed the significance level of 0.01 in longitude direction with a slight correlation in latitude direction.(3) The imbalance of population distribution with GDP,second industry was aggravated in recent 45 years.The change in first industry gravity center was more complex than that of population,and still exists a large imbalance between them.On the contrary,the imbalance of arable land area and population turns to smaller.The results show that there has poor coordination of economic development and population distribution.


The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a clonally propagated crop and several morphological markers have been used for the characterization of plant germplasm. Ampelographic and morphological features have been useful in the identification of grape varieties clarifying ambiguous denominations. Unfortunately, these processes are more time-consuming and based on characters which can be highly affected by the environment. The methods based on genetic variation have frequently been used for these purposes with more or less success, depending on the genetic relationships among the materials analysed and the number of markers employed. Isozyme and molecular markers, such as RAPD, RFLP, microsatellite and AFLP have been used on Vitis vinifera in several studies in order to discriminate among grape cultivars. However, few researches based on molecular markers and focused on the genetic variation within different clones of the same cultivars showed sufficient resolution to identify with a specific cultivar or to distinguish clones from somatic mutation or clonal selection.


The present paper reviews recent laboratory experiments on magnetic reconnection. Examples will be drawn from electron current sheet experiments, merging spheromaks, and from high temperature tokamak plasmas with the Lundquist numbers exceeding 10{sup 7}. These recent laboratory experiments create an environment which satisfies the criteria for MHD plasma and in which the global boundary conditions can be controlled externally. Experiments with fully three dimensional reconnection are now possible. In the most recent TFTR tokamak discharges, Motional Stark effect (MSE) data have verified the existence of a partial reconnection. In the experiment of spheromak merging, a new plasma acceleration parallel to the neutral line has been indicated. Together with the relationship of these observations to the analysis of magnetic reconnection in space and in solar flares, important physics issues such as global boundary conditions, local plasma parameters, merging angle of the field lines, and the 3-D aspects of the reconnection are discussed.


It is an interesting open problem whether two non-extremal rotating and electrically charged black holes can be in physical equilibrium, which might be possible due to a balance between the gravitational attraction and the spin–spin and electrical repulsions. Exact candidate solutions were constructed, but it is unclear whether they are physically acceptable. These solutions were obtained by assuming a particular behaviour on the symmetry axis. However, it was not known whether the assumed form of the axis data covers the general case or whether data of some other type need to be considered as well. By studying a boundary value problem for the axisymmetric and stationary Einstein–Maxwell equations, we address this question and derive the most general form of permissible axis potentials for possible equilibrium configurations.


numerous places here, heathland distribution is usually extremely patch and small scale, intercalated with forest formations from which it has derived by clearance and subsequent persistent firing. Since many would define a biome as a widely distributed climatic climax biological assemblage, along with all its associated seres and subclimaxes (including local edaphic aberrancies), it is hard to see how heathland can be accepted as 'a biome' in its own right. This is certainly a semantic


n discussions on palliative care and in palliative care we often hear references to the idea of a 'death with dignity' or a 'dignified death' in different forms. Dignity is obviously one of the mor ...


Landscape, territory and environment represent a "common good". They are common heritages belonging to all. In this age of dramatic cultural and economic change, planning land regeneration should be the focus of field research. There is a close link between heritage dismantling, which represents a threat to our identity as well, and collective impoverishment; this cognition - concerning theoretical knowledge and planning practice as well as the modern way of living in the city is lost. The loss of the common good marks the beginning of a crisis which, rather than being economic, regards civilization and democracy. It is not easy to imagine sustainable negative growth, especially in this period. Not to be thought in the sense of pauperism, rather as a way of saving, recovery and above all as regeneration of the territory.


AIM:To study the efficacy and sefety of combind medication of natrilix and enapril in the treatment of heart failure induced by hypertensive heart disease. METHODS:For the natrilix and enapril group,the daily dose of natrilix was 2.5 mg,once a day and that of enapril was 5 mg to 10 mg,twice a day. For the control group,enapril was given 5 mg to 10 mg,twice a day. The above treatments lasted 20 d to 30 d. RESULTS:The effective rate for the former group was 88% and that for the latter was 68%. There was a striking difference(P0.05) in effective rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION:The combined medication is effective and safe to the treatment of heart failure induced by hypertensive heart disease,and is superior to the solifary use of enapril.


During 12-13 July 2020, heavy rainfall had caused Masamba, Rongkong, and Rada rivers to overflow, causing flash floods in the North Luwu regency. This event resulted in many casualties; at least 38 people died and displaced thousands of people. This study presents an analysis of the multi-scale hydrometeorological settings that led to the development of these intense storms in the North Luwu fl ood. Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) Normalized PC2 has entered phases 4 and 5 on 7 - 13 July 2020, associated with cloud growth in the Indonesian Maritime Continent. Besides, the sub-seasonal tropical disturbance of Kelvin Waves is convectively active in the Sulawesi region on 7 - 13 July, increasing the intensity of rainfall at the location. Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) were in warmer conditions in the Bonne Bay region south of North Luwu, supplying more water vapor into the atmosphere. The easterly wind (Australian monsoon) enhanced the diurnal cycle of the water vapor mass movement from Bonne Bay to the highlands of North Luwu. From the observation of GPM satellite imagery, the accumulation of spatial rainfall on July 12 and 13 was concentrated in the eastern region of Sulawesi, which reached >150 mm/day and >50 mm/day in North Luwu.


In this work, we consider a class of Finsler metrics using the warped product notion introduced by Chen et al. [Internat. J. Math. 29 (2018), 1850081], with another "warping", one that is consistent with static spacetimes. We will give the PDE characterization for the proposed metrics to be Ricci-flat and explicitly construct two non-Riemannian examples.


This paper investigated the differences between conventional moments(C-M) and L-moments(L-M),when being applied to estimate parameter and design rainfalls in the Taihu Lake Basin.It introduced to the theory of L-moments,and provided the advantages of L-moments over conventional moments by comparison.With data of the Taihu Lake Basin,the performance of these tests was taken via a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments.The four stations with longer rainfall data series were chosen to estimate design rainfalls by fitting the P-Ⅲ distributions based on the conventional moments and L-moments,respectively.The results show that L-M-based tests are more reasonable on annual extreme precipitation estimation and have better performance in terms of unbiasedness and robustness on parameter estimation over the C-M.


I'm going to talk about the worldwide market for scientific lasers. I felt we should start with a quote from our soon-to-be President and learn from him how he feels about the commitment that the government should make to R&D. "R&D is the economic Fountain of Youth, and we really should take good care of it because that is where our business is for the future." If you read through that quote, it is very clear that at least before the election, he made a very strong commitment to this. It will be interesting to see over the next four years whether he keeps to that commitment or not, but I happen to totally agree with what he is saying here. The R&D market, as I see it, is certainly, as far as lasers are concerned, the growth place for new technology and applications.


In this chapter, we discuss our research regarding the construction of sexuality knowledge in North American human sexuality textbooks. Feminist and social constructionist scholars argue that knowledge is negotiated in society and reflects power interests rather than being objective and universal.1 Informed by these feminist and constructionist approaches, we focus specifically on sexuality knowledge and conceptualise it as being socially constructed and as fashioning subjective experiences. We used discourse analysis to examine the dominant discursive themes around the organisation of textbooks' topics as well as the content of chapters on sexual distress of twelve current North American human sexuality textbooks (introductory/survey level). In particular, we explored what discourses were present and dominant, and which ones were represented to a lesser degree or missing. Biological essentialism emerged as the principal discourse with respect to chapter organisation. Biological essentialism also dominated explanations of sexual distress and was connected to biomedical discourse around the alleviation of sexual distress. We argue that the extensive presence of biological essentialism in the construction of sexuality knowledge not only precludes alternative discourses around cultural and sexual diversities, but it also justifies existing power structures. In line with feminist approaches such as the New View Campaign, we call for expanded representations of human sexualities in current North American survey-level sexuality textbooks.


Based on the indoor model test,the deformation distribution pattern,the regularity of secondary lining crack damage,the crack concentration parts and the change regularity of ultimate bearing capacity of secondary lining with different spacings in the construction of an 8-lane twin highway tunnels with a small spacing on Shenzhen Nanping expressway(stage II)are studied.The research result shows that(1) with different spacings,the tunnel deformation distribution in each part of the tunnel is almost same,the deformation values in turns are:vault right spandrel left spandrel invert arch foot;(2) above the springing line,including the vault,the left spandrel and the right spandrel,the displacements decrease as the spacing increases;(3) 12 m(about 0.5B) can be taken as the smallest reasonable spacing in class IV surrounding rock,whose influence on the deformation of different parts under the springing line is not obvious;(4) the final cracks concentrate in the inverts and arches of the twin tunnel and the cracks in the inverts are penetrating ones,while the cracks in the arches are small and generally do not continue to develop,the spandrel away from the interior column side may occur penetrating cracks.


A portable mould oscillation analyzer with an integrated computer, developed by POSCO, records the movement of the mould in every spatial direction. The system uses the gap sensors to measure the mould movement (displacement) in two horizontal directions according to the mould narrow and broad faces and the vertical strokes in the four comers of mould. The gap sensor is a non-contacting minute displacement measuring device using the principle of high frequency eddy current loss. The mould oscillation diagnosis system integrates the gap sensors, their converters and the industrial portable computer with plug-in data acquisition boards. In an own 'expert module' which is included in the diagnosis program, one can obtain much information about the mould oscillation equipment.


An exploration of Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey that combines 'new' empirical approaches with 'old' formalist approaches. This provides a broader understanding of how Kubrick's methods as a director and auteur were developed to produce a unique aesthetic creation that is still years ahead in its design, vision and philosophical structure.


Gymnophion amphibians (caecilians) are less well studied than the other two orders of extant amphibians: Anura and Caudata. We describe the first recorded presence of supernumerary (B) chromosomes in the order Gymnophiona, where a lone intensely stained B chromosome was observed in the somatic metaphase and meiotic complements of the Indian ichthyophiid, Uraeotyphlus gansi. Given the rarity of B chromosomes in caecilians and their sporadic presence within U. gansi, it is likely that these represent aneuploidy and are a recent acquisition derived from centromeric drive.


Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three selected factors (chlorine concentration, washing time and water-to-lettuce ratio) on reducing aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut lettuce. According to statistical analysis, the model established was effective in predicting the reduction of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut lettuce by washing with chlorine. In addition, best-fit Gompertz-modified models were described to evaluate aerobic mesophilic bacteria growth on fresh-cut lettuce during storage at 0, 4 and 25C, respectively. The final load of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce could be predicted in various storing temperatures with the growth models.


Japanese scallop is one of the most important cultured seashells in the world. Following about 20 years' artificial culture, we need DNA markers for genetic research. Microsatellites recently have become popular markers in a variety of genetic investigations. In this research, we isolated microsatellite DNAs from the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis genome with magnetic beads. As a result, 136 positive clones were identified from 192 clones,and 179 microsatellites were found. Among the 179 microsatellites, 50.8% were perfect, 43.0% were imperfect and the rest were compound type (6.1%). Finally, 85 microsatellite primers were designed by software Primer Premier 5.0, and 40 pairs were screened; 15 loci showed polymorphism. In these microsatellite loci, genetic diversity was analysed in 2 cultured populations. The average number of allele (A) ranged from 3.27 to 3.40; the average heterozygosity (H_o) in 2 populations was 0.447 to 0.540; average excepted heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.468 to 0.493; and average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.443 to 0.463. The genetic distance was 0.1155 and genetic identity was 0.8909. Thirteen microsatellite loci except HLJX-028 and HJLX-031 could be used for genetic analysis


Excellent service is one of the targets of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), but complaints are still found from service users about the train service at the station. The aim of this study is to maximize efforts in service innovation in Lempuyangan Station and service indicator to know that the main priority to be improved.
Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) techniques which are integrated to Kano Model was used for increased performance attributes are not always proportional to the increase in customer satisfaction, then a research was done in Lempuyangan Station Yogyakarta by integrating IPA and Kano Model. The main priority for the enhanced attributes are determined by the difference between perception and expectation scores after integrating IPA and Kano models also providing suggestions for improvement in order to meet the expectations of service users.
Characteristics of service users is the percentage of gender, level of education, employment and travel destinations. CSI value of 66% means that the level of satisfaction of the service users is categorized as �satisfied� with the services in Lempuyangan Station. There are, one for each attributes that are categorized as �must be� and �attractive�. Six attributes are prioritized to be improved in quadrant one and belong to one dimensional category. After conducting a gap analysis, it is known that the attribute �easy and fast ticket purchases� becomes the most important priority for repair.


Classification theory guarantees the existence of an isomorphism between any two E8's, at least over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. The purpose of this paper is to construct for any Jordan algebra J of degree 3 over a field Φ of character- istic ≠ 2, 3 an explicit isomorphism between the algebra obtained from J by Faulkner's construction and the algebra obtained from the split octonions and J by Tits construction.


This paper examines the effect of active attention from sophisticated market participants on managerial bad news hoarding. Using EDGAR search volume (ESV) as a direct measure, we find that, due to the increased cost of bad news disclosure, firms under greater active attention from sophisticated market participants tend to hide bad news and release it subsequently, thus increasing future stock price crash risk. The impact of EDGAR attention is stronger for firms with higher ex-ante cost of bad news disclosure. Evidence from option prices, management guidance, and accounting practices further confirms managers' tendency to hide bad news under greater active attention. Three plausible natural experiments based on the implementation of EDGAR, shareholder distraction by other industries, and the mandatory adoption of XBRL provide a causal inference. By providing systematic evidence on the impact of attention from sophisticated market participants on managerial bad news hoarding, this paper sheds light on the pressure effect of external attention on managers' strategic bad news disclosure.


Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Malaysian Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is a methodology of practice that aims at shifting ways of thinking and working processes. This paper seeks to investigate the barriers, potential solutions and benefits of implementing BIM for contractors in Malaysia. The data to support this research was gathered from through a collaborative workshop between the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), conducted in June 2013 to assess the barriers, potential solutions and benefits of BIM implementation in Malaysia, specifically among contractors. The findings of this research highlighted 61 issues raised by the participants during the workshop. Additionally, the study revealed that some organisations resist change or are still not ready to adopt BIM as a tool in their projects. This paper offers practical recommendations on the two main issues; i.e. people and technology needed to be addressed, besides the continuous government support programs and serious enforcement policies and regulations which are inevitable.


This paper presents an investigation about optimal shapes of pressure vessel heads. Based on a new geometric shape, which was proposed for the bending behaviour of bars, the heads of pressure vessels were redesigned. Their mechanical behaviour was analysed using the finite element analysis (FEA) and compared with the conventional solutions. The new solution, which we propose, turns out to be more secure (lower stress values) and it leads to increasing shipping-volumes based on a given design space.


The paper recalls the notion of a relative identification operator K of a Wightman field A(•) with respect to a corresponding free field A°(•), useful for the definition of wave operators with respect to the field A(•). The corresponding pre-wave operator e itH Ke −itHo can be linked directly with the Haag-Ruelle approximants of the field A(•). Thus the Haag-Ruelle scattering theory can be embedded formally into the framework of the abstract scattering theory. Some structural properties of K are presented. It is pointed out that K is uniquely determined by a single field operator A(h(p)γ o (p)), where h(p) is a smooth function with support in a sufficiently small neighbourhood of the discrete mass hyperboloid characterized by the mass m o >0 belonging to A°(•) (as is usually introduced within the Haag-Ruelle framework) and where γ o ∈S(R 3 ) is multiplicative-generating On rappelle la notion d'operateur d'identification relatif K d'un champ de Wightman (A(•) par rapport au champ libre correspondant A°(•), utile pour la definition des operateurs d'onde du champ A(•). Le preoperateur d'onde exp(itH)-K-exp(-itHo) correspondant peut etre relie directement aux approximants de Haag-Ruelle pour le champ A(•). Ainsi la theorie de la diffusion de Haag-Ruelle peut etre formellement incorporee dans le cadre de la theorie abstraite de la diffusion. On donne quelques proprietes structurelles de K. On remarque que K est determine de facon unique par un seul operateur de champ A (h(p) γo(P)), ou h(p) est une fonction lisse a support contenu dans un voisinage assez petit de l'hyperboloide de masse caracterisee par la masse m o >0 du champ A°(•) et ou γ o ∈S(R 3 ) est generatrice par multiplication


Face is one of the easiest ways to differentiate each other's identities. Facial recognition is a personal identification system that uses the personal characteristics of someone to identify who you are. The process of recognizing a person's face is basically it consists of two stages, namely facial recognition, in which this process occurs most frequently immediately to humans, except under circumstances where the object is available in a short period of time far, next is an introduction, which recognizes faces as individuals. Stage then it is repeated and developed as a model for face image recognition (face recognition) is one of the most widely studied biometric technologies and developed by experts. There are two types of currently popular methods of advanced facial recognition pattern namely, Eigen face method and Fisher face method. We use fisher face a monitoring method to verify any system. The location of this project is facing image processing system. The software requirements for this project are an anaconda.


By defining new Bryant-type vector fields for foliations on a Riemannian manifold we find necessary and sufficient conditions that a foliation produces $p$-harmonic morphisms. Two applications are given. First, we characterize one-parameter conformal actions using $p$-harmonic morphisms. Then we classify $p$-harmonic morphisms on a constant curvature space with one-dimensional fibres by studying bi-minimal distributions. We also give a description of all conformal foliations which have minimal fibres on a Riemannian manifold in terms of $p$-harmonic morphisms.


3 Abstract: Caffeine has been proven to be vasoactive and augments the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, caffeine is the most active principle of Cola acuminata-commonly consumed in Nigeria. This study is designed to determine its effects on blood pressure using 20 Sprague dawley rats with an average weight of 150g. The animals were subdivided into 2 groups of 10 rats each (control and test groups). The control rats were fed with rat chow while the test groups were fed with salt diet that was prepared by adding 7.7g of salt to 92.3g of normal rats chow in order to achieve hypertension. Substance extraction was by chloroform extraction. With the extract, different levels of the substance concentration were prepared and subsequently infused in sequence to the test rats. The results showed that diastolic blood pressure was more responsive to changes in concentration of Cola acuminata extract with a significant concentration dependent increase in the arterial blood pressure of both the normotensive and hypertensive rats. Considering the fact that Cola acuminata consumption is part of our culture and the fact that some become addicted, it is our opinion therefore, that the need for efforts towards identifying the cardiovascular implications of caffeine containing consumables, can never be over emphasized.


Abstract : Future armor/vehicles can offer more functionality than just firepower/ taxi. Particular opportunities in melding traditional infantry, vehicles, and robot technology swim lanes . Hold brainstorming sessions w/ RDECOM partners and Soldiers. Further explore engineering realism of concepts. Do quick win demos first and learn hands on . Duct-tape quality prototypes--not a huge engineering efforts.


The presence of atomic oxygen on catalytic surfaces is essential for initiating the oxidation of hydrogen chloride to produce chlorine via the so-called Deacon process. This process provides molecular chlorine for the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in combustion. In this paper, the dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen on the Cu(OO I) surface has been studied using density functional theory. A periodic p(3 X 2) 4 layer slab was adopted to simulate the adsorption of both molecular and atomic oxygen at a number of adsorption sites. We have found that a bridge-bridge configuration is the most stable structure on Cu(OO I) with the Oc molecule adsorbed horizontally. The activation barrier for the dissociative adsorption of 0 2 resulting from this configuration was calculated to be 5.1 kcal/mol, with an equivalent transition temperature of -66 K. This is in good agreement with the experimental value of 40 K obtained under ultra high vacuum conditions. We have also found that a less energetically favourable, vertically oriented, physisorbed structure leads to an almost negligible reaction barrier for the dissociative adsorption of 0 2 on Cu(OOI) ( 1.5 kcal/mol), with an equivalent transition temperature of -20 K. Kevwords: IJFT. Copper. Oxvgen. Adsorption. Deacon reaction. Transition state


Numerical solutions to parabolic equations (PE) provide the total contribution to the field at each point on the computational grid. For some applications, it is instructive to examine the propagation of individual spectral components, particularly in range‐dependent waveguides, where mode coupling can be important. This paper presents a novel method for decomposing a numerical PE field into its horizontal wavenumber spectrum. At a given range in a range‐dependent waveguide, the PE field versus depth is provided as initial data to a PE model which is used to propagate the field in a range‐independent waveguide characterized by the local environmental conditions at the range of the initial data. A Fourier transform of this propagated field yields the PE modal spectrum directly. Moreover, if the standard parabolic equation is used to propagate the field, then the PE modal spectrum can be postprocessed into the correct modal spectrum for the one‐way wave equation [D. J. Thomson and D. H. Wood, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 224–232 (1987)]. A numerical example involving upslope propagation is used to illustrate the proposed spectral decomposition method.


Available literature was searched and contacts and visits made to several cities to determine the value of special illumination systems for pedestrian crosswalks. These system designs ranged from simple floodlighting to a pedestrian-actuated/vehicle-detection system using warning signs, flashing beacons, and overhead internally illuminated signing. The effectiveness of the North American systems varied considerably; Detroit concluded that the value of their systems was limited, while Toronto has shown a significant decrease in both pedestrian accidents and vehicle and pedestrian delay. In Europe, Hanover experienced a significant reduction in pedestrian injuries and fatalities and Copenhagen found a notable decrease in wet-weather, nighttime casualties. More research is required before a definitive statement can be made about the value of a specialized crosswalk illumination system for the U. S., either alone or in combination with a strictly enforced crossing policy.


Prediction of stock movements is important in the business world for knowing the movement of stock both for buying and selling goods. Stock is a financial product characterized by high risk, high return and flexible trading, which is favored by many investors. Investors can get abundant returns by accurately estimating stock price trend. Historical price is often used to predict the stockprice, it can only estimate the periodical trends of the stockprice. However, there could be a particular event that may affect the price. So it cannot capture sudden unexpected events. Social media texts like tweets can have huge impacts on the stock market. By analysing the sentiments of social media information, unexpected behaviour of the price trend could be detected. In this study, we propose to use Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for predicting the sentiment of tweets related to stockprice. We implement word vector, in particular word2vec, as features for GRU. Our experiments show that the proposed method is better than other deep learning based sentiment analysis such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)  and BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory).


2 Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of thermostable phytase supplementation on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers for 42 d. 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into 3 treatments consisting 6 pens of 20 chicks per pen. The control group was given maize-soybean meal basal diet and the other two groups were fed the basal diet including either 500 U ordinary phytase/kg diet or 500 U thermostable phytase/kg diet. The results indicated that broilers given diets supplemented with thermostable phytase have increased body weight, body weight gain and feed intake than these fed basal diet (p<0.05). However, the same effect was only noted for body weight in ordinary phytase-supplemented group (p<0.05). Birds fed diet supplemented with thermostable phytase had enhanced crude protein utilization when compared with these given basal diet (p<0.05) but the same effect was not observed for broilers fed ordinary phytase-supplemented diet. As expected, dietary phytase supplementation significantly enhanced nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy of broilers (p<0.05) and this effect was more pronounced in the thermostable phytase-supplemented group. The results suggested that phytase supplementation, especially thermostable phytase supplementation, can improve the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers.


The goal of this study was to compare a group of alcoholics with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) with alcoholics with a diagnosis of mixed personality disorder (MXPD). From a sample of 46 inpatients in a substance abuse treatment center, rediagnosed in accordance with Axes I and II of DSM-III, three groups were formed. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder (BPD22); group 2 consisted of 14 patients with a diagnosis of MXPD, and group 3 included 10 BPDs with a secondary personality disorder diagnosis (BPD10). All three groups were also diagnosed as being alcohol-dependent. The BPD groups did not differ from the MXPD in drinking history or family history of alcohol dependence. However, BPD22 and BPD10 were more likely to be polydrug abusers and had experienced a greater number of medical consequences of drinking than MXPD. BPD22 and BPD10 were also less able than MXPD to live in committed relationships and maintain stable employment. Both BP...


The invention discloses a GSM-R communication module adopting double antenna diversity receiving technology, belonging to the field of railway communication equipment. By improving the traditional GSM-R communication modules, the mode of receiving and transmitting the signals with a single antenna is changed into the mode of receiving the signals with two antennas and transmitting the signals with one antenna, and diversity gain is obtained through maximum ratio combining. The GSM-R communication module realizes hardware separation of the signal receiving antennas from the signal transmitting antenna and furthest avoids the impact of the multipath effect and the Doppler effect generated when the trains run at high speed on the signals received by the GSM-R communication module.


Two acaricide tests were applied to cotton, planted 6 Apr (Shafter, Calif.) and 15 Apr (Five Points, Calif.) with individual plots 16 (Shafter) or 8 (Five Points) rows wide by 150 ft long and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Application was by high-clearance ground sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 TX-6 (Shafter) or 7 TX-3 (Five Points) hollow-cone nozzles/row, both delivering 25 gal/ acre at 40 psi and 3 mph or 30 psi and 4 mph, respectively. The Shafter test was applied 24 Jun; the Five Points test was applied 9 Jul. An overall application of Monitor 4 EC at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was made at the Shafter test by ground on 16 Jun to suppress Lygus hesperus and predators. At Five Points, Orthene 75 S at 0.33 lb (AI)/acre was applied over all on 29 Jun to suppress predators. Main stem leaves (25/plot, eighth unfolded leaf below main stem terminal) were sampled 4 times after acaricide treatment and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts of all motile mites were analyzed by ANOVA, and means were separated by LSD.


In the region of podzolic soils there Is no portion of the forest soil profile which Is of greater Importance than the duff layer. While unquestionably there Is a mutual Interdependence between soil type, forest type, and the type of duff that accumulates, In this particular discussion we are interested not in the origin of the duff but rather In its effect upon the soil. One way to find out what this effect may be is to ascertain what constituents are leached out of the duff and what proportion of the leached material is retained in the underlying mineral soil. This information can be most readily and accurately obtained through the use of lysimeters. Many studies have been carried on In lysimeters using cultivated soils which are planted to the usual farm crops. In recent years some attempts have been made to carry on such studies in uncropped or virgin soils. Joffe (3) has Installed the Russian type of lysimeter in a hardwood stand, his primary purpose being to determine what materials come through the natural mineral soil horizons under virgin conditions. Both types of lysimeters have their place and lt is idle to say that either one Is superior to the other. The lysimeters we installed In Connecticut are designed to determine primarily the constituents leached out of the duff, and secondarily those leached out of the upper 4" of mineral soil.


Selecting ideal health insurance coverage entails a trade-off between the gain from risk reduction and the deadweight loss from moral hazard (Manning and Marquis, 1996). This paper investigates students' willingness to pay for student health insurance which will serve as a primary plan. Variables such as demographics, student insurance enrollment and coverage, student insurance utilization and satisfaction were used to assess students' Willingness to pay for student insurance as a primary plan. Both qualitative and quantitative statistics were used to explain the willingness of students to pay for student insurance as a primary plan.


In recent years there has been a sharp rise in the information available to individual income taxpayers, such as through tax preparation software provided by third parties and support available by tax agencies, although the effects of this information on tax reporting is not well understood. Within a setting characterized by an endogenous audit process and taxpayer uncertainty, this study uses theory and laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of taxpayer assistance services that better inform taxpayers about their tax liability and the audit process. The endogenous audit rule we study is simple, yet relative to existing work is more likely to characterize the actual incentives facing taxpayers. Among our findings, and in contrast to the case of purely random audits, in theory the effect of information services on tax underreporting is ambiguous, and we find support empirically for increased tax underreporting even in a setting where theory predicts the opposite. When services provide better information on both liability and the audit process, audit information is more salient to participants, negating the strong effects observed when only liability information is provided.