The high-pure alpha-alumina powders with some agglomerate were treated by bead milling and their sintering behaviors were studied in this paper. During the treatment, the effect of different types and different amounts of dispersants was also investigated. It was shown that optimum dispersant content was 0.5% citric acid and optimum milling time is 6 hours. The sintering property of alumina powder after bead milling was significantly improved. Their relative density after sintering at 1500 degrees can reach 99.3% while the raw powders' can only reach 90% at same condition.


This paper,taking Wanxiang Hengdian as examples,studies the relationship between our existing intellectual property policy system and enterprise requirements using grounded theory methods,derives the impact of intellectual property policies on innovation mechanism from the perspective of enterprise policy demands.


The most important security requirements to secure electronic mail (e-mail) systems are: confidentiality, authentication, non-repudiation and data integrity. In conventional e-mail systems, Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) and Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) digital envelops are used to satisfy these security requirements. However, confidentiality and authentication are performed in two different phases, which increases computations and leads to more energy consumption. Moreover, the receiver can easily reveal the source of the message, violating the sender's privacy. In this paper, we propose a low-cost deniably authenticated encryption scheme (DA-ENS), where all the cryptographic primitives are being performed in a single logical step to achieve these goals. Experimental results show that our scheme, DA-ENS, achieves low computational cost and communication overhead at 80-bit, 112-bit, 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit security levels. Energy consumption is shown to be reduced to 80%, 67%, 42%, 62% and 48% compared to similar schemes SL+BF, LXJ+BF, Fagen Li et al. (FL), AJL and CZJZJSZ respectively. Also, we have proven that, our scheme DA-ENS is provably secure in random oracle model.


Popularization of higher education not only brought about China's vigorous development of higher education,but also triggered a series of negative issues.One of them is that the existing educational resources are far from meeting the needs of the development of higher education.On the basis of the in-depth analysis of the status quo of China's higher education resource utilization,the research analyzes the causes and the background of this problem in the area of higher education human resources and material resources,at the same time,seeking mitigation measures and ideas,and providing a reference value for improving the efficiency of resource usage and the development of higher education of higher education.


Metamorphosis is a mathematical framework for diffeomorphic pattern matching in which one defines a distance
on a space of images or shapes. In the case of image matching, this distance involves computing the energetically optimal
way in which one image can be morphed into the other, combining both smooth deformations and changes in the image intensity.
In [12], Holm, Trouve and Younes studied the metamorphosis of more singular deformable objects, in particular measures.
In this paper, we present results on the analysis and computation of discrete measure metamorphosis, building upon the work in [12].
We show that, when matching sums of Dirac measures, minimizing evolutions can include other singular distributions, which complicates the numerical approximation of such solutions.
We then present an Eulerian numerical scheme that accounts for these distributions, as well as some numerical experiments using this scheme.


Evidence suggests that the natural 15 N abundance (δ 15 N) of leached N03 can be related to denitrification activity. In addition, spatial patterns for denitrification and leached N03 are controlled by landscape-scale interactions between topography and hillslope hydrology. Thus, this study was conducted to assess whether a landscape-scale relationship exists between denitrification activity and the δ 15 N of deep-leached (>120 cm) NO3 in an undulating landscape developed on silty glacio-lacustrine sediments overlying a clay loam till of late Wisconsinan age, under semiarid conditions. The highest concentrations of N03 occurred in shoulder and upper-level landscape positions and the lowest concentrations in footslope and lower-level positions. In areas of the landscape where water accumulation was at a maximum, denitrification rates were highest and there was no accumulation of NO 3 in the upper 3 m of the solum. Conversely, in areas where water accumulation and denitrification activity were low, there was a buildup of NO 3 below the root zone and within 3 m of the soil surface. The relationship between seasonal denitrification activity and the concentration of leached NO 3 was characterized by a negative correlation (r s = - 0.464 ** ). Moreover, values of δ 15 N-NO 3 were highest in areas of the landscape where rates of denitrification were highest and there was a negative correlation (r s = - 0.638 *** ) between the concentration of deep-leached NO 3 and its δ 15 N. These data support the hypothesis that topographic and hydrologic controls on denitrification and leaching are reflected in the localized removal of NO 3 from the soil profile, which is reflected in the δ 15 N value of leached NO 3 -N.


bjective:Acute hydrocephalus can be caused by many pathologic conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, inflammatory diseases. External ventricular drainage(EVD) through trephination of the skull is essential procedure for progressing or persistent symptomatic acute hydrocephalus. If the EVD can not be removed in short period, the chance of ventriculitis increases and periodic transposition of the draining catheter should be considered. Shunt procedure can not be performed in acute hemorrhage or infectious condition because of the risk of shunt malfunction or intra-abdominal spreading of the infection, respectively. The authors replaced EVD with continuous lumbar drainage(CLD) for the purpose of controlling acute hydrocephalus and preventing ventriculitis simultaneously, or treating ventriculitis more effectively in case of infection which had already broken out. CLD has many advantages over EVD, although, it can complicate disastrous downward brain herniation in patients with elevated intracranial pressure. The authors performed CLD with EVD maintained and then tested the possibility of the brain herniation with quite simple method. If the CLD was proven as safe through the test, EVD could be replaced with it without terrible herniation. Material and Method:Between September 1998 and April 1999, 10 patients underwent CLD in replacement of EVD. Among them, 5 were patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 were patients with thalamic hematoma and intraventricular hemorhage and 3 were patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results:In eight of them the replacements were successfully done and one of them died on account of medical illness. In two of them the replacement could not be performed because of the risk of herniation and all expired owing to ventriculitis. Two patients required permanent shunt operation. Conclusion:This article provides a valuable alternative method of treatment for persistent symptomatic hydrocephalus which can not be managed with shunt operation immediately.


Abstract This article describes a teaching technique designed for use in the upper elementary or junior high school grades. Its purpose is to enable the student to become actively involved in qualitatively measuring the air in his own local environment by means of collecting air samples from a variety of locations. The sampler may be constructed from readily available materials and its use is limited only by the imagination of the class and its teacher. A combination of map work and attention to natural and man-made surroundings will provide the class with data for use in making hypotheses regarding the amount and sources of local pollution.


The invention relates to the technical field of network communications, in particular to a content sharing method, device and system. The method comprises receiving information from a first terminal, the information including a first data section content and link information, and the first data section being one of at least two data sections obtained by dividing the shared content by the first terminal; and accessing the content server according to the link information and acquiring at least one data section content. As the method provided by embodiments of the invention divides the to-be-shared content into at least two data sections, and sends one data section content to a second terminal which downloads the other data section contents from a network, data transmission speed is improved to improve content sharing efficiency, so that the user can rapidly acquire the shared content and has improved experiences.


The form of the storage-discharge relationship S = kQ{m}, which is accepted by Australian hydrologists and criticized by many researchers, has been investigated in this study. The Rubicon model, which is a hydrodynamic mathematical modelling system for steady and unsteady flows in open channels has been used for the simulation of some flood hydrographs. The Herbert River in Northern Queensland was selected for this investigation because various geometrical data were available between the upstream and downstream gauging stations. Simulation results of flood hydrographs compared with the observed data show considerable promise. Flood hydrographs and flood characteristics for each cross-section have been developed and from these the storage-discharge relationships, have been developed. These relationships were dominated by the geometry of the flow cross-section. The form of the storage-discharge relationship was found to be independent of flood magnitude and changed dramatically as the general shape of the cross-section varied with discharge.


Objective:To investigate effects of antiinflammatory drugaspirin(ASA) on the level of nuclear factorκB inhibitor proteinα (IκBα),the activation of nuclear factorκB(NFκB),and the concentration of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα).Methods:Monocytes(MΦ) from volunteers were cultured and divided into four groups.In the control group,MΦ were not stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and also not treated with ASA.In the LPSstimulated group,MΦ were stimulated with LPS (10 mg/L).In the ASAtreated group,MΦ were pretreated with ASA(1 mmol/L) an hour before LPS stimulation (10 mg/L).Supernatant and MΦ were harvested at 0,0 25,0 5,1,2,4 and 6 hours after LPS stimulation.The level of IκBα,the activation of NFκB and the concentration of TNFα were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay,respectively.Results:①The level of IκBα significantly decreased from 15 to 60 minutes after LPS stimulation.②The activity of NFκB significantly increased from 0 5 to 4 hours after LPS stimulation (P0 05 or P0 01).③The level of TNFα in the supernatant markedly elevated from 1 to 2 hours after LPS stimulation (P0 01),and a positive correlation was found between NFκB activity and TNFα content in the supernatant (r=0 901,P0 01).④Compared with LPSstimulated group,IκB level was significantly high while both NFκB activity and TNFα content significantly low in ASA treated groups(all P0 05).Conclusions:LPS might induce degradation of IκB and activation of NFκB,and the later response can result in the transcription and expression of TNFα gene in cultured MΦ.Treatment with ASA can inhibit degradation of IκB and activation of NFκB,thereby downregulating TNFα gene expression.


Concern over the stability and sustainability of electricity generation in New Zealand has highlighted the need for alternative production, with particular interest in solar water heating (SWH) should it prove a reliable and cost-effective option. This study explores the adoption of SWH using Rogers' (2003) typology. Questionnaires were received from 148 home occupiers (88% owners) around the country, of whom only 4 (2.5%) currently use SWH. Respondents indicate that SWH is compatible with their values and needs, but cost and the permanence of installation are barriers to greater uptake. Adoption could be increased through independent advice prior to purchase; transferable technology; spreading payments over time; and providing a trial at minimal cost.


Introduction: Nursing acts are based on the nurse-patient relationship, respect for the dignity and autonomy of people. This implies understanding the importance and meaning from the human sphere, which is an aspect that gives an ethical sense of care practices. This reflective process deserves adequate knowledge of the actions that are necessary to obtain the informed consent. Objective: Identify the knowledge and importance that nursing professionals have about the informed consent applied in the acts of care, based on the theory of knowledge patterns. Materials and methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 221 nursing professionals, who undertook a questionnaire type Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, factorial and inferential analysis were applied for the analysis. Results: It could be seen that there was little knowledge about the use of informed consent in the participants. The variable called importance is focused on the legal, administrative and instrumental aspect of the informed consent. Conclusion: The use of informed consent should be encouraged in acts of care of the profession. The ways to explain the risks, benefits and alternatives to the patient must be reinforced as well as the ethical aspects.


In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and heavy workload of tumor coding in hospitals, we proposed a Drools-based intelligent tumors coding method. At present, most tumor hospitals use manual coding, the trained coders follow the main diagnosis selection rules to select the main diagnosis from the discharge diagnosis of the tumor patients, and then code all the discharge diagnoses according to the coding rules. Owing to different coders have different familiarity with the main diagnosis selection rules and ICD-10 disease coding, it will reduce the efficiency of the artificial coding results and affect the quality of the whole medical record. We first analyze the ICD library information, doctor's diagnostic information, radiotherapy information or chemotherapy information, surgery information, hospitalization information and other related information, and then generated Drools rule files based on the main diagnostic selection principles and coding principles, we also combined the text similarity analysis algorithm to construct an intelligent diagnostic information coding method. Practice shows that the coding method can be used to make the work efficiently and at the same time obtain the coding results which meet the standard and have high accuracy, so that the coders can be free from the repeated work and pay more attention to coding quality control and the coding logic adjustment.


Liquid-vapor oscillating flow and heat transfer in a vertically placed oscillating heat pipe (OHP) with a sintered particle wick structure are analyzed in this paper. The oscillatory flow of the liquid slug is driven by the variations in pressures in the vapor plug due to evaporation and condensation. The evaporation and condensation heat transfer coefficients are obtained by solving the microfilm evaporation and condensation on the sintered particles. The sensible heat transfer between the liquid slug and the channel wall are obtained by analytical solution or empirical correlations depending on whether the liquid flow is laminar or turbulent. The effects of the sintered particles wick structure on the oscillatory flow, as well as sensible and latent heat transfer, are analyzed and compared with the results without wick structure. A parametric study on the oscillatory flow and heat transfer in the OHP with sintered particle wick structure is also performed.


An Optical Solar Reflector (OSR) was developed in Brazil as an alternative to be used in the thermal control subsystem of the program: China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellites (CBERS). The mechanical vibration is one of the mandatory tests for qualifying the OSR and its installation process. To perform mechanical vibration tests in the OSR, a structural dynamic analysis was made to estimate the vibration environment at the established attachment areas in the satellite. The finite element model of the satellite was used; applying to its base a random vibration excitation extracted from the CBERS 3 and 4 Environmental specification. The responses in the OSR installing areas were determined. These analyses results including a standard specification for electronic components were used to establish an envelope to qualify the OSR. The enveloped mechanical vibration environment was used in the OSR tests in the electromechanical shaker whose results showed the manufactured OSR can be included as an option to be used as a method of the satellite thermal control.


The Association of Departments of Family Medicine (ADFM) recently responded to the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute's (PCORI) Request for Information on how best to build research infrastructure for patient centered outcomes research (PCOR). We proposed the establishment of a national


Abstract : ONE-MINUTE SUBJECTIVE TOLERANCE IN MAN TO SINUSOIDAL VERTICAL VIBRATION WAS DETERMINED IN THE SITTING POSITION. In comparing the dat to previously published information we noted that, although the new levels were higher, the contour of the curve remained unchanged. The reasons for this difference, as well as specific subjective complaints leading to tolerance, are presented and discussed. (Author)


An electrolyte storage tank for a redox flow cell is a hollow container. A positive pole and negative pole partition plate is vertically arranged in the electrolyte storage tank to divide the storage tank into a positive pole cavity and a negative pole cavity which are not communicated with each other, areas of cross sections of the positive pole cavity and the negative pole cavity along the random horizontal plane are equal, and the partition plate is provided with a through hole. The flow cell can always keep the temperatures of both positive pole electrolyte solution and negative pole electrolyte solution basically consistent in the running process, the influence on cell reaction caused by temperature difference of the positive pole electrolyte solution and the negative pole electrolyte solution is reduced, and the cell reaction has synchronism.


Automatic extraction of ground objects is fundamental for many applications of remote sensing. It is valuable to extract different kinds of ground objects effectively by using a general method. We propose such a method, JointNet, which is a novel neural network to meet extraction requirements for both roads and buildings. The proposed method makes three contributions to road and building extraction: (1) in addition to the accurate extraction of small objects, it can extract large objects with a wide receptive field. By switching the loss function, the network can effectively extract multi-type ground objects, from road centerlines to large-scale buildings. (2) This network module combines the dense connectivity with the atrous convolution layers, maintaining the efficiency of the dense connection connectivity pattern and reaching a large receptive field. (3) The proposed method utilizes the focal loss function to improve road extraction. The proposed method is designed to be effective on both road and building extraction tasks. Experimental results on three datasets verified the effectiveness of JointNet in information extraction of road and building objects.


Coupling with the technology of photocatalysis and organic membrane separation,a new type of three-phase fluidized bed recycle reactor equipment of photocatalysis-organic membrane separation was designed,and the distribution properties of TiO2 with the average diameter of 0.22 μm in the recycle reactor equipment were investigated.The results showed that TiO2 suspension concentration in the membrane separator is much lower than that in the photocatalytic reactor.As the aeration flux in the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor and the TiO2 dosage are fixed,the equilibrium concentrations of TiO2 suspension remain constant,and the optimal values of the dosage and the flux are 82.50 g,1.00 m3/h respectively.The water rinsing in the recycle pipe makes the TiO2 suspension concentrations invariable,and the best rinsing time intervals is 60 min.The TiO2 suspension concentration with the 6.50 mm of connecting pipe diameter is lower than that of the 20.00 mm in the membrane separator.The membrane effluent has very small influence on the TiO2 distribution properties.


&NA; A case report of delayed delivery of 99 days in a triplet pregnancy is presented. A triplet pregnancy in a single uterus resulted from Pergonal stimulation of ovulation. At 23.5 weeks' gestation, the first triplet delivered after spontaneous rupture of membranes. Ninety‐nine days later, the remaining two fetuses were delivered, the second one stillborn after intrauterine death at 37 weeks of gestation, and the third fetus a normal viable female consistent with 37.5 weeks' gestation. This is the longest interval of delayed delivery discovered from a literature review, and the only such instance of triplet pregnancy in a single uterus. (Obstet Gynecol 64:8S, 1984)


ABSTRACTExcavations at the Gila Bend (Gatlin) site (AZ Z: 2:1 [ASM]) prompted William Wasley to propose the existence of a Mesoamerican-inspired vacant ceremonial center among the Sonoran Desert-dwelling Hohokam. This hypothesis was based on an apparent absence of residential structures, combined with the presence of two ballcourts, large earthen mounds, and the earliest-known artificial platform mound in the region. New research reveals that the site was not a vacant ceremonial center but was similar to other large multifunctional villages. Although initiated in the Sacaton phase, the architectural sequence within the platform dates primarily to the Santan phase, first reported 50 years ago by the Gladwins and Julian Hayden but later abandoned. Recognition of the Santan phase is critical to understanding the transition from the Late Formative (about A.D. 700–1075) to the Classic period (A.D. 1075–1500). Wasley's suggestion of continuity in platform architecture is supported. Chronological issues and tren...


An efficient method for the preparation of a range of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives including synthetic intermediates of natural products is described, in which triethylamine effectively catalyzes [5+2] cycloaddition reactions between oxidopyrylium ylides and alkenes. This method can be applied not only to intermolecular cycloadditions with various alkenes but also to intramolecular cycloadditions. The key finding is that the combined use of organic bases having appropriate basicity and oxidopyrylium ylide precursors bearing a suitable leaving group facilitates the base-assisted generation of oxidopyrylium ylides in a catalytic manner.


OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of adefovir in human plasma to investigate the pharmacokinetics of adefovir in healthy male Chinese volunteers.METHODS The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid,5-bromo uracil was used as internal standard.Plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile,then extracted using dichloromethane and separated through a Zorbax XDB-C8column with gradient elution and detected by tandem mass spectrometry with an ESI interface.MRM was used for the determination of adefovir in human plasma.RESULTS Standard curve was linear in the range of 0.167~83.3 μg·L-1(r=0.998 9),the relative recovery was between 88.3%~110.0%.RSD of inter-and intra-day assays were all less than 12%.The quantification limit was 0.167 μg·L-1.CONCLUSION The method was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of adefovir with the advantages of high speed,accuracy and sensitivity.


This paper interprets Ned Kelly's letter to Sergeant Babington, written when Kelly was fifteen, as a sonnet. This opens up the text to a range of meanings inaccessible to a reading of it as a conventional message.


Adams, Margarethe, Steppe Dreams. Time, Mediation, and Postsocialist Celebrations in Kazakhstan. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020, x + 236pp., £35.00/ $45.00 h/b. Armour, Ian D., A History of Eastern Europe 1918 to the Present. Modernisation, Ideology and Nationality. London & New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021, x + 470pp., £26.99 ebook. Bertelsen, Olga (ed.), Russian Active Measures. Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag, 2021, 402pp., €30.99 ebook. Borenstein, Eliot, Pussy Riot. Speaking Punk to Power. London & New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021, xii + 140pp., £11.69 ebook. Bottlik, Zsolt, Berki, Márton & Jobbitt, Steven (eds), Power and Identity in the Post-Soviet Realm. Geographies of Ethnicity and Nationality after 1991. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag, 2021, xv + 299pp., €34.90 p/b. Breslin, Shaun, China Risen? Studying Chinese Global Power. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2021, 316pp., £24.99 ebook. Brooks, Crispin & Feferman, Kiril (eds), Beyond the Pale. The Holocaust in the North Caucasus. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, 2020, 309pp., £80.00/$99.00 h/b. Cathcart, Adam, Green, Christopher & Denney, Steven (eds), Decoding the Sino–North Korean Borderlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021, 440pp., €128.99 ebook. Cross, Mai'a K. Davis & Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel (eds), European–Russian Power Relations in Turbulent Times. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2021, 303pp., $75.00 h/b. Dragostinova, Theodora K., The Cold War from the Margins. A Small Socialist State on the Global Cultural Scene. Ithaca, NY & London: Cornell University Press, 2021, xxi + 307pp., $19.95 p/b. Dukalskis, Alexander, Making the World Safe for Dictatorship. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 264pp., £32.99 h/b. Fainberg, Dina, Cold War Correspondents. Soviet and American Reporters on the Ideological Frontlines. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021, ix + 347pp., $64.95 h/b. Fang, Qiang, The Communist Judicial System in China, 1927–1976. Building on Fear. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021, 336pp., €114.99 ebook. Flake, Lincoln E., Defending the Faith. The Russian Orthodox Church and the Demise of Religious Pluralism. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag, 2021, xi + 259pp., €22.99 ebook. Fridman, Ofer (ed.), Strategiya. The Foundations of the Russian Art of Strategy. London: Hurst & Co., 2021, xiv + 310pp., £50.00 h/b.


Referring to models suggested by sociologists (Heilbron 1996, 1999; de Swaan 2001), the Nordic countries are here viewed as a subsystem of a wider translational system. Within this subsystem Finland and Iceland occupy peripheral positions and thus Finnish-Icelandic literary exchange depended for a long time on central Scandinavia as a mediator. In the past decades, however, contacts between Finland and Iceland have multiplied and Finnish-Icelandic translations are now done without resort to a mediating language. Still, the Nordic context, with its institutional support, remains the framework within which Finnish-Icelandic literary exchange has developed. And as commercial motives only rarely predominate, much of this exchange is due to personal contacts and friendship between translators, authors, publishers etc. The Finnish-Icelandic exchange can furthermore be seen as an example of how peripheral dependency has been overcome as more translational relations of equal calibre have been established.


The following mean-value theorems for Z_(n,k)(s) are proved:Theorem A. Let an be not an integer and 0 a kν - ν, then where c_1=k~2(2π)~1/2(2πν)~(-2(k-na-1))(2Γ(1+ν))~(2k-2)× × Γ(2(1 - ν)(k - na - 1) + 1) ζ(2(k - na)) and e is any positive number.Theorem B. Let an be positive but not an integer and let 2 (n - 1) (kν - ν-a) + + 1 max (2a, 4) then where c_3 = 2~(-2(kν-ν)+1/2[2(n-1)(kν-ν-α)-2α+2]~(-1)π~(-2(k-na))+3/2× × k~2 ν~(2na)Γ~2 (ν) ζ(2(k - na)).


Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a uremia toxin is accumulated in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Elevated ADMA level has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all‐cause mortality in ESRD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of prolonged hemodialysis (HD) treatment on the levels of serum ADMA, arginine, nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1). Seventy‐five patients (M/F = 40/35) with chronic renal failure (CRF) and who were on HD were divided into five groups with differing treatment periods of HD; from 6 to 24 months to 97–120 months. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects acted as controls. The serum levels of ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 were increased in all patient groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed when the patient groups were compared in terms of HD treatment periods. Nitric oxide levels were lower in the three groups who were treated for periods of 49–72, 73–96, 97–120 months compared to the control group. The L‐arginine to ADMA ratio was decreased in all patient groups compared to controls. Consequently, our investigations have shown that in HD continued for more than 4 years NO levels began to decrease significantly and the levels of serum ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels increased although this increase was not affected by the period in which hemodialysis treatment was applied.


We believe that this is the first reported case of concomitant ipsilateral perilunate dislocation of the wrist with an associated posterior radial head dislocation. The case presented involves both injuries occurring during a single traumatic episode. Recognition is the key to reducing the morbidity associated with each dislocation.


SUMMARY Plasma cortisol concentrations have been measured in fifteen patients with tetanus at 2–3–day intervals throughout the period of treatment. The concentration at 9 a.m. was usually within the normal range, whereas the concentration at 11 p.m. was usually elevated above the normal range for that time of day. The patients with frequent episodes of hypertension showed the greatest elevation of the 11 p.m. concentration. Episodes of hypotension occurred in four patients, but were not associated with evidence of adrenal cortical exhaustion.


musical poet as he is taken for granted, and then generally ignored. Although a few of his poems have become standard anthology objects, the marks of real academic interestcomprehensive editions and book-length studiesare remarkably few, considering the position of this author as "den svenska litteraturens fornyare" [uthe rejuvenator of Swedish literature"].1 Leaving aside for a moment two large prose components of his life workArgus and SweaRikes Historia one comprehensive, six-volume edition of Dalin's works was published in 1767. It was followed by a more compact two-volume edition in 1782, and then, essentially, by nothing at all.2 As an eighteenth-century Swedish poet, Dalin finds himself in good company, since no comprehensive attempt has ever been made to examine or restore the entire table-song tradition in Sweden during that century of greatest expansion. Leaving aside Bellman for the moment as the great exception, and as the great innovator who grew up in the parodie tradition but ultimately superseded it, the song tradition between the last third of the seventeenth century and the first two-thirds of the eighteenth has not been attended to in any particularly fruitful, comprehensive way. Part of the problem is that a comprehensive view can never be a starting point. The only non-superficial way such work can be carried out is by an actual determination of the linkage between every deter-


The leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is considered a potential serious pest of citrus in Algeria. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the ecophases of the citrus leafminer and the leaf surface of the Washington navel citrus variety. Practically all the examined leaves of the young shoots were occupied by at least a developmental stage of this insect. More than 80% of the leafminer ecophases were distributed on the lower surfaces of the leaves. A relationship is highlighted between the leaf surfaces and the stages evolution of citrus leafminer. The choice of area laying by females is decisive for the survival and evolution of stages of development of the insect in relationship with leaf age. The analysis of the eggs distribution revealed that young leaves, with leaf surface smaller than 2 cm², were significantly preferred by females for oviposition. However, the larvae were abundant on leaf surfaces smaller than 6 cm² which provide a favorable environment for the development of larvae in order to realize their respective gallery. The pupal stage was observed almost uniformly on all the analyzed area classes. These results could contribute to the guidelines for pest risk assessment highlighting the intervention for the protection of citrus orchards against heavy infestations of Phyllocnistis citrella.


Traditionally, mineral oils have been one of the most important quenchants used. However, their substantial deficiencies with respect to environment friendliness and toxicity as well as long-term, low-cost supply necessitate the search for alternative replacement media. Quenching performance of petroleum oils is limited by the oxidative degradation properties, which are composition dependent. Upon repeated exposure to the relatively high interfacial temperatures between the steel surface and the oil, petroleum oils undergo thermal and oxidative degradation leading to significant variation in their quenching performance. Therefore, this is a particularly important performance parameter that must be examined for any alternative quenching medium. One class of alternative fluids is vegetable oils, which are typically biodegradable and non-toxic. However, vegetable oils typically exhibit relatively poor oxidative stability properties, and therefore it is important to determine the potential impact of oxidation on quenching performance. The results reported here are the first step in a larger study. In this work, uninhibited vegetable oils were studied using a laboratory apparatus and


The combined data of high-resolution chromatography GC/FT-IR and GC/MS is used to identify a standard solution of priority pollutants. Identifications made by the individual library search routines are compared and an improvement is demonstrated in the number of identifications with the combined GC/FT-IR and GC/MS data. Both GC/FT-IR and GC/MS separations are performed on WCOT capillary columns. This provides the best separation possible and also permits fast and efficient comparison of spectral data when separations are performed on the same type of column. GC/FT-IR shows more selectivity for polar compounds, whereas GC/MS selectivity favors nonpolar compounds. These selectivity differences emphasize the complementary nature of (and the need for) both GC/FT-IR and GC/MS information.


The present research paper examines the efficiency of land rental markets in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. Land rental markets has paved path for livelihood for rural poor. In Tamil Nadu, the tenants follow three methods of rental arrangements: sharecropping, cash payment and mortgaging. Type of tenurial arrangements parts a major role in cultivation, yield and managing the sustainability of the land quality. The present study analyses the efficiency of rental lands in terms of rental practices, cost of cultivation, yield and merits and demerits of rental markets. The study makes an attempt to find appropriate method of rental lands without affecting the poor tenants and sustainability of land resources.


Income distribution and economic growth are the two important topics in the development of human society. Since 1970s, the Chinese reform and opening has made Chinese distribution mechanism take the fi rst step toward the distribution according to work performance basic on market economy from average distribution system and brought the rapid development of economy. However, with the deepening of reform, the unfairness of income distribution is also becoming more and more serious and has developed into a restriction of Chinese future economy. Therefore, having a correct understanding about the reasons for the enlarged gap of citizen's income and adopting effective measures to eliminate the negative eff ect are very signifi cant to the process of reform and the positive interaction between income distribution and economic growth. Basic on this, author has analyzed the relationship between Chinese economic growth and income distribution in the transition period by empirical methods and pointed out the major reasons for the evolution of overall structure of citizen's income gap and evolution itself. Through the empirical analysis on present situation, author has proposed related policies hoping to construct a positive cycling mechanism of income distribution and economic growth in the transition period of China.


ABSTRACT
 The leafcutting bee Megachile (Eutricharaea) minutissima Radoszkowski is a widely distributed species in the Middle East and a promising pollinator of alfalfa. We provide information on the nest architecture, foraging behavior, phenology, and host plants of a wild population of M. minutissima studied between March 2010 and September 2012 in Amariah, a typical desert in central Saudi Arabia. Bees nested in preexisting cavities in the sandy, dry, and loose soil, and built between 2 and 14 leaf-lined brood cells per nest. Females built and provisioned 1–2 cells per day, each consisting of a large oval piece from which the cell cup was made and a small semiround piece that was used as cell cap; however, occasionally small oval pieces were also used in the latter. Cells were built from leaves of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), a locally abundant plant. Both sexes were captured from March to October at flowers of 11 species (10 families), indicating some degree of polylecty as well as either bivoltinism or multivoltinism. We also provide comparative taxonomie comments that will assist bee researchers to easily recognize this species.


Objective— The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Methods and Results— In 936 consecutive patients, we measured LVEF, tHcy, folate levels, and quantified CAD with a modified Duke Index score. We also genotyped patients at the methylen-tetrahydrofolate-reductase 677C→T polymorphism. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as tHcy levels ≥15.46 &mgr;mol/L; total and cardiovascular mortality was assessed at follow-up that lasted 43 months (median). CAD was confirmed in 75% of patients and ruled out in the rest (non-CAD group). No relationship of HHcy with either arterial hypertension or the CAD score was found. In contrast, there was a significant inverse relationship of tHcy with LVEF in arterial hypertensive but not in normotensive patients, regardless of previous myocardial infarction. At logistic regression, HHcy was the strongest predictor (P=0.001) of a low (<40%) LVEF, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. At follow-up, HHcy significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality but only in the arterial hypertension subgroup. Conclusions— In arterial hypertensive but not in normotensive patients, HHcy predicts cardiovascular mortality and a low LVEF, independent of CAD and history of myocardial infarction.


In the paper new implementations of double edge-triggered (DET) flip-flops using one latch are presented. In the proposed circuits data are sampled into the latch during a short transparency period for each edge of the clock signal. Three implementations (dynamic, semi-static and static) of the one-latch DET flip-flop are presented and compared with standard two-latch DETs. SPICE simulations of power dissipation as a function of the switching activity of input signal are presented. One-latch DETs have reduced transistor count and lower power dissipation with respect to previously reported DET flip-flops. Power saving is relevant when an array of flip-flops share a single clock driver and for large input signal transition probability.


The purpose of this study was to a) investigate the relationship between toddlers' temperaments and play and b) discuss the possibility that frequency of play related to the toddlers temperament influences child-rearing anxiety or satisfaction, through the child-rearers' self-evaluation of the way they coped with their children's play. Results showed that negative affect reactions, extroversion, or distractibility were related to play involving interaction with the adult, and high frequency of this play decreased child-rearing anxiety or improved child-rearing satisfaction. On the other hand, sensitivity was inversely proportional to sensory motor play; therefore, this play did not correspond to sensitivity. However, high frequency of sensory motor play improved child-rearing satisfaction. Neither adaptability nor rhythmicity influenced child-rearing anxiety or satisfaction according to the child-rearers' self-evaluation.


Abstract We survey work in the U.S.A. High average power gyrotrons (1 MW at 100-150GHz) are required for ECRH of magnetic fusion plasmas. Even though gyrotrons have superior mode stability compared with other tubes, they must be so grossly overmoded to handle 1 MW CW that mode control does become an issue. Studies of gyrotron-oscillator cavity designs with enhanced mode stability properties are described, including complex and Fabry-Perot cavities. In the complex cavity concept, two cavities each operating in a different mode are strongly coupled. Exploitation of this concept in a 60 GHz TE01/TE02 gyrotron has already resulted in power greater than 200 kW CW. Designs of TE03/TE04 and TE03/TE06 gyrotrons which promise to extend performance are discussed. A 115 GHz gyrotron using a Fabry-Perot cavity has been successfully demonstrated at power levels above 50 kW and prospects of extending performance are considered. Study of high peak power gyrotrons is stimulated by the perceived requirement for 300 MW RF ...


With the petrol and gas resources increasingly reducing, petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises focus on the advanced equipment manufacture for the resources hard to exploit. So to analyze the models on technical innovation for the petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises, including motive force and impetus, to establish comprehensive evaluation index system about technical innovation, to introduce some index, such as R&D ability, production capacity, marketing ability and so on, to assess the ability of technical innovation for petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises, lead to enterprises to improve technical innovation in a right direction.


Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but it is likely to vary over time in a nonlinear fashion. The aim of this study was to estimate the potentially differing predictive effect of albuminuria on the risk of CVD or related death over time. Data were from a cohort study of 3505 predominately indigenous adults from remote communities in Queensland,Australia, 1999-2006. Cox Proportional Hazards model analysis of the predictive effects of urinary albumin creatinine ratio on the risk of CVD or CVD-related death was undertaken for incident and prevalent CVD. Analyses sequentially removed those who had a cardiovascular event or related death for the first year through to six years. The baseline prevalence of microalbuminuria was 21.2% and for macroalbuminuria 6.7%. The incidence of CVD was92 in13,812 person-years. Microalbuminuria predicted incident CVD with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.0 (95% CI 1.83 - 4.96) and for macroalbuminuria HR 10.8 (95% CI 6.58 - 17.68) and for those with pre-existing CVD, HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.65 - 3.97) and HR 9.7 (95% CI 6.38 - 14.82) respectively. People with macroalbuminuria who survived the first three years had a crude HR of an incident cardiovascular event or death of 13.0 (95% CI 6.45 - 26.39) to a peak of 32.3 (95% CI 8.55 - 121.77) for those who survived the first five years. The hazard appeared to drop in the 6th year although this is based on small numbers.The first three years after finding macroalbuminuria provide a potential window opportunity to actively manage the risk of incident CVD before the risk elevates.


The Japan agricultural development's essential features are many people and little land,but actually realize the peasants' income to enhance largely in short time.The successful experiences of Japanese peasant increases collecting include:(1) Peasant household scale keeps on appropriate standards of modern essential productive factors management scale;(2) Industrial and urban scattered layout,which provide a broader space for peasants;(3) Powerful export-oriented industries has drive the development of agriculture and the transfer of the surplus labor force;(4) The Government has implemented high subsidies for agriculture;(5) Agricultural Association plays a positive role.These experience have the important enlightenment in which realizes the way of our country peasant increases collecting.


The utility model discloses a car-roof camera-shooting and viewing device including a telescopic support, a 360-degree rotary holder and a camera. A fixed end of the rotary holder is installed on a movable end of the telescopic support. The camera is installed on a working table of the 360-degree rotary holder. By using the car-roof camera-shooting and viewing device provided by the utility model, convenience can be made for a driver to observe conditions outside a car.


Wang et al proposed a digital blind proxy signature scheme in 2003.The properties of the scheme are that the original signer can not identify the proxy signer through a proxy signature and the proxy signer can blindly sign a message,but when it's necessary,the anonymity can be revoked by a proxy signature management center.In this paper we will point out some of the security flaws of their scheme by presenting an effective attack.One can forge an effective proxy signature that will be accepted by the signature verifier and that will not identify the true signer to management.


The key variables of financial viability for any major project are costs (investment, financing, operations and maintenance) and revenues (mainly tolls in the case of transport projects). For each variable, forecast values may be different from actual values as documented above. Ar isk therefore exists that actual project viability may be substantially different from forecast viability. The difference between forecast and actual viability may be so large that if the actual viability had been known for a given project, decision makers might have resolved: (i) not to implement the project; (ii) to implement the project in another form; or (iii) implement another project. In other words, non-viable projects, or projects that are less viable than forgone projects, may be implemented not because they are viable but because their viability was inaccurately predicted. The result would clearly be an inefficient use of resources. Channel tunnel, Great Belt and Oresund For the Channel tunnel, original estimates of viability have been rendered irrelevant by actual developments which have taken the project on a rollercoaster ride from expected high profitability to several near-bankruptcies. Most observers today consider the commercial viability of the Channel tunnel unproved and the prospect uncertain for original investors making a satisfactory profit. After being issued at £3.50 per share on 9 December 1987, by mid-1989 initial optimism had spiralled Eurotunnel share prices to more than three times this value, above £11.00. Then delays and cost overruns hit the project, resulting in capital shortage and crisis.


This letter studies the performance of ensemble of Regenerating codes and Replication (RR). It theoretically analyzes the storage-bandwidth tradeoff curve of RR, and attains two extremal cases, corresponding to minimum storage cost RR (MSRR) and minimum repair bandwidth RR (MBRR), respectively. Compared with the case of independently applying regenerating codes, the evaluation results indicate, with extra storage cost, MSRR has better average repair bandwidth and average disk I/O, and MBRR has less average disk I/O cost and almost the same level of average repair bandwidth, i.e., when satisfying the data available probability <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P=0.9999$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, MSRR achieves at least 5.6% and 50%, and MBRR achieves at least 23.7% and 1.3% less disk I/O and repair bandwidth consumption in evaluation data sets, respectively.


Evans and Rauch (1999) have demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between the `Weberianness' of a national state's bureaucratic capacities and its record on economic growth. Using their data set and the best available data sets on the incidence of income poverty, this article investigates whether there is a relationship between a Weberian notion of effective bureaucratic capacities and the state's ability to reduce poverty. Using the same time frame as Evans and Rauch (1970—90) and analysing data for 29 developing and middle income countries, the article concludes that, in general, there does indeed seem to be a relationship between states with effective `Weberian' public institutions and their ability to reduce poverty.


© 2022. Raj Kamal Choudhary. This research/review article is distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). You must give appropriate credit to authors and reference this article if parts of the article are reproduced in any manner. Applicable licensing terms are at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.


We developed an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system with a tungsten rod electrode coated with C2F4 particles of approximately 0.3 µm diameter for the surface treatment of a silicon wafer. The APPJ was generated by dielectric barrier discharge with a driving frequency of 22 kHz using a He gas flow. The characteristics of the APPJ were examined under various experimental conditions. The plasma jet length increased proportionally to the electric field. It was found that the treatment area of the silicon wafer was approximately 1 mm in diameter. By atomic force microscopy analysis, minute irregularities with a maximum length of about 600 nm and part of a ring-shaped trench were observed. A Si etching rate of approximately 400 nm/min was attained at a low power of 6 W and a He flow rate of 1 L/min without introducing molecular gas including F atoms.


Introduction The challenges that cities are facing have changed, as have the strategies designed to tackle old and new problems. Urban renewal, revitalization, renouvellement, rehabilitation, riqualificazione, recupero have been for years the key words of the European Commission's policies, programmes (Urban, Urbact…) and tools conceived to develop the idea of a good city for all. But globalisation, climate change, pressure on resources, environment deterioration (Toledo Declaration, 2010) have transformed the urban development conditions and introduced the notion and evidence on "environmental limits". The concept of growth in economic and urbanism as well is worn out; the "business as usual model" focused on development at all costs shall be abandoned if we want to maintain cities and territories in a liveable condition, as Tim Jackson states, while a "green approach" is urgently needed. In response to this wake-up call, the European Commission has promoted a new urban agenda focused on an integrated, smart, sustainable, inclusive development, based on a multilevel and multidisciplinary approach. That is the mean of the regeneration strategy being shared at EU meetings, with the hope that urban policies would shift towards sustainability and regeneration. By calling for "an integrated urban regeneration and its strategic potential for a smarter, more sustainable and socially inclusive urban development in Europe" (2010), the Toledo Declaration Reference Document clearly expresses this concept. But policies, programmes, declarations have apparently not hit the target if in 2015 an URBACT II paper defined "sustainable urban development" an elusive concept and proposed to clarify what we understand by sustainable regeneration. Urban regeneration "is a way to reorganise and upgrade existing places than planning new urbanisation (Puppim de Olivera and Balaban, 2013) [;] typically urban regeneration actions involve economic, social and physical/environmental improvement measures [and] urban regeneration contributes towards the implementation of sustainable development through the recycling of land and buildings, reducing demolition waste and new construction materials, as well as reducing demand for peripheral urban growth and facilitating intensification and compactness of existing areas (Turcu 2012)". With this definition, the European Commission provides a general understanding to consider urban regeneration an integrated and sustainable oriented approach and promotes strategies to support a new growth model and create the conditions for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (Horizon 2020). ....


Intracellular delivery of M6P/IGFII receptor inhibitors exhibits better efficacy than extracellular inhibitors to regulate TGFβ1 mediated upregulation of profibrotic marker, collagen I.


For information retrieval system,how to understand accurately and express user's information need is the key to improve information retrieval results.This paper analyzes natural language's connotation and denotation,calculates the upper bound,lower bound of information need,determines the information need domain and introduces an expression of user information need called Bound model.In information retrieval,similarity between document and the information need domain is defined and calculated,and documents are sorted according to the similarity.Experiments done using Lemur tools show that the Bound model has good retrieval results.This paper optimizes parameter of the similarity in Bound model further and gets better retrieval results.


-The extrinsic venom gland musculature in snakes exhibits a reasonably conserved spatial pattern around the venom gland. A prominent exception to this pattern is the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae, which originates from the surface of lhe venom gland itself. This muscle is found only in crotaline snakes, and has a spotty distribution within that group. Previous workers proposed that the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae represents a muscular specialization to increase venom expulsion. Here, we test this hypothesis by directly quantifying the relative venom pressure produced upon stimulation of the individual extrinsic venom gland muscles of three crotaline snakes: Calloselasma rhodoslOma (where the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae is pronounced), Crotalus atrox (which has a M. Pterygoideus Glandulae), and Agkisll'udull collturtrix (which lacks this muscle). Our results suggest that the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae does increase venom expulsion, and thal crotaline snakes which lack this muscle, like A. contortrix, have not compensated in other ways. The key to understanding the functional significance of this muscle, and perhaps its phylogenetic development, may simply be the relative length of this muscle's course perpendicular to the venom gland, which is related ta the spatial relationship between the venom gland and palata-maxillary arch in these snakes. tloes not appear to be homologous among the major taxa of venomous snakes. It is referred to as the M. Compressor Glantlulae, or as a portion of the M. Adductor Mandibulae Externus complex (either Superficialis, Metlialis, or Profun dus), tlepending on the taxa (Haas, 1973; Jackson, 2003). The at least superficially analogous arrangement of the extrinsic venom glantl musculature, eombinetl with the ap parent intlependent evolution of the venom delivery systems in different snake taxa (Cundall and Greene, 2000; Jackson, 2003), suggests a tlegree of functional convergence in ven om expulsion. One of the most interesting specializations within this potentially convergent system occurs within the pitvipers, or crotaline snakes. Within this ratliation, the M. Pterygoideus may give rise to a separate head, the M, Ptery goideus Glandulae, which has a direct origin on the medial surface of the venom gland. Groombritlge (1986) reported that, within the crotaline snakes, there is significant varia tion in the development of the M. Pterygoideus Glantlulae; indeetl, GroombriJge recognized four different states of development. Herein, we recognize only three states, as the first two stales of Groombridge were not functionally tlillerent from one another. As Groombridge (1986) noted, and Kardong (L990) later emphasizetl, the tlistribution of these states within crotaline snakes does not correlate well with any recognized taxonomy or phylogeny for the group, with different states being reported from species within the same genus. Groombritlge (1986) and Kardong (1990) both speculatetl that increasetl development of the M. Pterygoi tleus GlanJulae woulJ result in increased venom expulsion. Contraction of the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae woulJ place tensile forces on the medial surface of the venom glanJ, _.u!rh, Department of Physical Therapy, University of which contrasts with the compressive forces produced by e-mail: Bruce firstname.lastname@example.com U, at Lowell, Lowell, rvlassachuselts 018544 USA Iinlil t.'niversily Press hone and courses craniulaterally, along the me 'nlromedial surface of thc venom gland, to insert cctopterygoid-maxilla juint. The latter muscle hI he rrc~enl among all venomous (and non-venLes. In contrast, the M. Compressor Glandulae INTRODUCTION In all venomous snakes, the venom is secreted and '1r~u in a specialiLcd gland (the venom gland) located lI111g the posterolateral margin of the upper jaw. Venom is \ 'lieu from the gland when one of the surrounding skel muscles comprising the extrinsic venom gland muscu ur~Clln\raCls, thereby increasing the fluid pressure within 'cnom gland (Rosenberg, L967; Young et aI., 2000). etal kinesis may indirectly produce limited venom ex Ill" IYoung and Zahn, 2001); however, the extrinsic gland musculature is the primary motive force for \low (though olh(~r factors will influence how much is lI\:tually discharged; see Young el aI., 2002). , exact composition of the extrinsic venom gland ,!;lUlrc varies considerably among venomous taxa (see 1m. and Zaher, 1994). Generally, though, there are llIn;ic I'enom gland muscles. One, the M. Compres IJnJulae, originates from (or is closely applied to) the allli dllr;olateral surface uf the gland before cours !l1\cntrally to insert on the lower jaw. The second, I'tc~gllideus, originates from the caudal end of the 48 B. A. Young and K. Jackson the other extrinsic venom gland muscles. The different force vector generated hy the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae could influence how venom is expelled from the venom gland parenchyma and central chamber into the venom duct. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that contraction of the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae enhances venom expulsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal caI-e.-Seven live specimens were obtained commercially: three Western Diamondback Rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox, snout-vent length, SVL =60-65 em; mass = 100-140 g); two Copperheads (Agkistrudon contortrix, SVL = 54--{i7 cm, mass = 110-180 g); and two Malayan Pit Vipers (Calloselasma rhodostema. SVL =43.5-69 cm, mass =50-300 g). These three species were chosen because they span the range of variation in the development of the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae. Agkistrodon contortrix has no evidence of a separate M. Pterygoideus Glandulae (state A), whereas C. rhodostoma has one of the most pronounced developments of a M. Pterygoideus Glandulae among cro taline snakes (state C). Crotalus atrox has a distinct M. Pterygoideus Glandulae (state B), but it is not as distinct as in C. rhodostema. At Lafayette College, these snakes were maintained in a specially designed venomous snake room with a 12: 12 photoperiod, a temperature of 26-3\ °C, water ad lihitum, and a diet of pre-killed mice. To ensure a replen ished venom supply, none of the snakes were fed within two weeks of the experiments. All animal maintenance and experimental procedures complied with existing guidelines for both live reptiles and venomous snakes, and were ap proved by the Lafayette College Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Anatomy.-Two preserved specimens each of C. atrox and A. contortrix, from the private collection of Bruce Figure 1. Generalized depiction of the venom delivery system in crotaline snakes. The M. Compressor Glandulae (C) originated from the dorsal surface (stippled) of the venom gland (V) and courses ventrad to insert on the compound. The M. Pterygoideus (P) courses along the ventromedial surface of the venom gland. The dorsal deflection in the venom duct was the insertion site for the pressure cannula. Young (BAY), were examined, as was one specimen of C. rhodostoma on loan from the Smithsonian Institutillll (USNM 53440). In each specimen. the lower jaw was dt flected ventrolaterally to expose the roof of the mOllth.1lr lining epithelium of the mouth was removed on one silk to expose the venom gland and M. Pterygoideus. FollOW ing the removal of some superficial connective tissue, It' dissection was photographed using a Nikon SMZ-IO til section microscope (Nikon Inc., Tokyo, Japan). At the 5 of the greatest interaction between the venom gland and M. Pterygoideus Glandulae (or M. Pterygoideus), a nil blade was used to excise a block of tissue consisting of venom gland and portions of both extrinsic venom g muscles. This excised tissue was dehydrated through ethanol series, cleared in Hemo-De® (Thermo FisherS tific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), and then em in Paraplast® (Thenno Fisher Scientific). Transverse tions (10 11m) were cut from each block using a Lipsl' rotary microtome (Shandon Lipshaw Inc., PittsburghJ sylvania. USA). Mounted sections were alternately sta with Hematoxylin and Eosin, as well as Van Gieson'l (Luna, 1968; Presnell and Schreibman, 1997). Slides photographed using a Nikon Eclipse compound mie (Nikon Inc.). Functional morphology.-Each specimen was I. anesthetized through exposure to Isoflurane®. Once thetized, the specimen was weighed using an Ohau digital balance (Ohaus Corp., Pine Brook, Nell' J USA), and its body length (SVL) determined. Further thesia was provided by an intramuscular injection of kg Ketamine Hydrochloride:Acepromazine in a 9:1 The anesthetized specimen was placed on a heated table (VSSI Inc., Carthage. Missouri, USA) and pr additional exposure to Isoflurane. With the specimen positioned on its side, thl' overlying the venom gland and duct were remOld the epithelium from the roof of the mouth. Using a gical scope (Leica Inc., Wetzlar. Germany). the veil. was surgically isolated from the adjacent connecli\~ vasculature, and nerves. In crotaline snakes the portion of the venom duct includes a prominent directed convolution (Fig. I). The proximal v was catheterized using flexible plastic tuhing: the of the tubing was adjusted according to the dia venom duct, but the inner diameter of the tubiJ!! from 0.02-0.045 mm. Immediately proximal to tion site of the catheter, the catheter was held in silk sutures around the venom duct; these sutures enough to preclude both movement of the callI( to the venom duct and discharge of venom dislaJ~ eter. Due to the variations in the contours of venom duct and in the adjacent soft tissues.l!JI'r. nificant variation among the specimens in the the catheter tip within the venom delivery s)'s!e~ The free end of the catheter was connecteJ· hypodermic needle, to a PT300 pressure trait\; S = supralabial scaIation; V = venom gland. Functional specialization o/venom gland musculature 49


The study focuses on the finite element based fatigue life prediction of lower suspension arm, subjected to variable amplitude loading. The objectives of this study are to predict fatigue life of the lower suspension arm using stress-life method, to investigate the effect of the mean stress. The lower suspension arm was developed using computer aided design software. The finite element analysis then was performed using Hypermesh and solved using Radioss. The results were interpreted using Hyperview software. The finite element modeling and analysis were performed utilizing the finite element analysis code. Fatigue life of lower suspension arm was predicted using the stress-life approach subjected to variable amplitude loading. Index Terms --- Finite Element Analysis, F atigue life, Lower suspension arm , S tress-life approach, Variable amplitude loading.


th inspection cycle (2011-2012-2013) is currently running. In the past decade the number of sprayers equipped with a spray rate controller, increased signi"cantly. In the "rst inspection cycle (1996-1997-1998), only 4.58% of the sprayers were equipped with a spray rate controller in Flanders. In the "fth inspection cycle (2008-2009-2010), this percentage increased signi"cantly to 20.37%. As the original inspection method for spray rate controllers showed some lacks and was time consuming, ILVO developed a simple and reliable method for testing rate controllers used on "eld and orchard sprayers.


Device for safely and precisely causing micro-injuries to the dermis to stimulate collagen production a skim remodeling. Specifically, needles on the device pierce the epidermis and basal cell layer into the dermis. The device incorporates safety features for the operator to be able to operate the device with one hand while keeping the other had free during procedures. Additionally, the device incorporates single use safety controls to help prevent cross contamination between patients.


In view of the traction network structure and load features of electric railway and on the basis of comparing the effects of applying current fault location methods used in power networks to the traction networks of electric railway, the feasibility and superiority of using travelling wave in the fault location of traction network of electric railway are discussed. Then an accurate fault location project for traction network based on travelling wave is put forward. The adaptability of the method is expounded.


A new spectral representation of seismic demand is described for use in the seismic design of new structures and in the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing structures. Yield Point Spectra (YPS) retain the intuitive appeal of the Capacity Spectrum Method (Freeman 1978) and join the Nonlinear Static Procedures of FEMA 273/274 (1997) and ATC 40 (1996) for use in estimating displacement demands. YPS also may be used to establish admissible combinations of strength and stiffness for the design of new structures to limit system ductility and drift to arbitrary values. Graphical procedures allow admissible design regions to be established to satisfy multiple performance objectives. YPS computed for 15 ground motions classified as Short Duration, Long Duration, or as containing near-fault Forward Directivity pulses are presented for bilinear and stiffness-degrading hysteretic models.


Introduction: News published about persistence or reappearance of symptoms in Covid 19 is worrisome. However, only one study from Italy is observed in this reference.
Aim: the current study is conducted to study persistence or reappearance of especially respiratory symptoms amongst COVID 19 hypoxia patients.
Study Design: Post-discharge follow-up, observational study with the telephonic interview of Covid 19 hypoxia patients from a dedicated Covid 19 hospital in India.
Methods: Sixty-two patients were interviewed 1 – 3 months post-discharge to elicit history on persistence or reappearance of respiratory symptoms.
Results: out of the results many patients doesnot show any symptoms compared to female, male are more prone to respiratory problems. Thus, the oxygen therapy showed proof that males are more prone to illness and depict the symptoms compared to females.
Conclusion: A large multi-centric year-long study is recommended to further conclude on the natural history of the disease.


It is common in classical mechanics to encounter systems whose Hamiltonian H is the sum of an often exactly integrable Hamiltonian H0 and a small perturbation ϵH1 with ϵ ≪ 1. Such near-integrability can be exploited to construct particularly accurate operator splitting methods to solve the equations of motion of H. However, in many cases, for example in problems related to planetary motion, it is computationally expensive to obtain the exact solution to H0. In this paper, we present a new family of embedded operator splitting (EOS) methods which do not use the exact solution to H0, but rather approximate it with yet another, EOS method. Our new methods have all the desirable properties of classical methods which solve H0 directly. But in addition they are very easy to implement and in some cases faster. When applied to the problem of planetary motion, our EOS methods have error scalings identical to that of the often used Wisdom–Holman method but do not require a Kepler solver, nor any coordinate transformations, or the allocation of memory. The only two problem specific functions that need to be implemented are the straightforward kick and drift steps typically used in the standard second-order leap-frog method.


This study aims to answer the following question: how does the school reproduce, and deepen educational practices that contribute to social injustice? Within this approach, we inquire the highlighted elements that make up the teaching identity, tensions and dilemmas in practice and issues related to Social (In)Justice from the teachers' point of view. The main objective of this research, carried out during the academic year 2015-2016, has been to analyze identity and some teaching practices from a perspective of social justice applied to education. The method used has been a case study with a narrative approach, based on in-depth interviews using photo elicitation strategies. The conclusions raise the relevance of the relationship built with referent teacher in the formation of the professional identity of the participants, the problem of personal coherence and choral coherence in committed teaching practice, the tensions and dilemmas generated by social justice proposals in school micropolitical spaces where multiple visions of good teaching and good practice dwell. It is proposed to advance towards professional teacher training based on contemporary problems of social (in)justice.


The aim of the article is to study simple nominal derivatives created from the acronym of the Polish political party Prawo i Sprawiedliwośc (Law and Justice). In some forms of media discourse, these derivatives function as insults and are among many instruments of hate speech.


Objective: To describe trends in psychological health symptoms in Canadian youth from 2002 to 2014 and examine gender and socioeconomic differences in these trends. Method: We used data from the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We assessed psychological symptoms from a validated symptom checklist and calculated a symptom score (range, 0-16). We stratified our analyses by gender and affluence tertile based on an index of material assets. We then plotted trends in symptom score and calculated the probability of experiencing specific symptoms over time. Results: Between 2002 and 2014, psychological symptom score increased by 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.41), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.37), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.55 to 1.13) points in girls in the low-, middle-, and high-affluence tertiles, respectively. In boys, psychological symptoms decreased by –0.39 (95% CI, –0.66 to –0.12) and –0.12 (95% CI, –0.43 to 0.19) points in the high- and middle-affluence tertiles, respectively, and increased by 0.30 (95% CI, –0.04 to 0.63) points in the low-affluence tertile. The probability of feeling anxious and having sleep problems at least once a week notably increased in girls from all affluence groups, while the probability of feeling depressed and irritable decreased among boys from the high-affluence tertile. Conclusion: Psychological symptoms increased in Canadian adolescent girls across all affluence groups while they remained stable in boys from low and middle affluence and decreased in boys from high affluence. Specific psychological symptoms followed distinct trends. Further research is needed to uncover the mechanisms driving these trends.


The continuous development of mechanized production of yellow rice wine has undoubtedly doubled its production efficiency.The storage of yellow rice wine by high-capacity stainless steel tanks is imperative for large-size wineries.In this paper,the research progress in high-capacity tanks for storing yellow rice wine was introduced.The problems induced by high-capacity tank storage were discussed and the relative solutions were put forward to popularize the application of high-capacity tanks in wineries.


It is an indispensable demand to design an efficient technology for reducing contaminants in wastewater. Thus we have developed a novel nanocomposite catalyst by in-situ formation of non-stoichiometric Ag3.84Sn3S8 on...


OBJECTIVES
To describe tracheal intubation (TI) practice by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in North American PICUs, including rates of TI-associated events (TIAEs) from 2015 to 2019.

DESIGN/SETTING
Retrospective study using the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children with all TIs performed in PICU and pediatric cardiac ICU between January 2015 and December 2019. The primary outcome was first attempt TI success rate. Secondary outcomes were TIAEs, severe TIAEs, and hypoxemia.

SUBJECTS
Critically ill children requiring TI in a PICU or pediatric cardiac ICU.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Among 11,012 TIs, APRNs performed 1,626 (14.7%). Overall, TI by APRNs, compared with other clinicians, occurred less frequently in patients with known difficult airway (11.1% vs. 14.3%; p < 0.001), but more frequently in infants younger than 1 year old (55.9% vs. 44.4%; p < 0.0001), and in patients with cardiac disease (26.3% vs. 15.9%; p < 0.0001).There was lower odds of success in first attempt TI for APRNs vs. other clinicians (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79). We failed to identify a difference in rates of TIAE, severe TIAE, and oxygen desaturation events for TIs by APRNs compared with other clinicians. The TI first attempt success rate improved with APRN experience (< 1 yr: 54.2%, 1-5 yr: 59.4%, 6-10 yr: 67.6%, > 10 yr: 63.1%; p = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS
TI performed by APRNs was associated with lower odds of first attempt success when compared with other ICU clinicians although there was no appreciable difference in procedural adverse events. There appears to be a positive relationship between experience and success rates. These data suggest there is an ongoing need for opportunities to build on TI competency with APRNs.


It is shown that semiclassical path representations provide a well-suited framework for the description of the diffraction of Rydberg atoms by laser light. They allow one to relate the momentum exchange between the atomic center-of-mass motion and the laser field directly to elementary laser-assisted collisions between the excited Rydberg electron and the ionic core. Thus besides a convenient calculational tool they provide also direct physical insight into the underlying internal dynamics of the Rydberg atoms.


There has always been a long-standing relationship between Geography and the military. In the book Military Geography: from Peace to War, Military Geography is defined as the "application of geographic information, tools and techniques to military problems". In the international arena, Military Geography enjoys recognition as a formal sub-discipline with its own speciality group within the Association of American Geographers. Military Geography: from Peace to War is a welcome addition to a rather sparse literature collection of this applied subdiscipline of Geography.


Connecting with the character of ESR spectra at 77K and calculated LUMOs,HOMOs the linear relationship between spin transfer efficiency and molar ratios of nucleotide in DNA to sinapic acid or sinapine provides quantitative evidence of long range electron transfer within mixed aggregates.


The joint weak value is a counterfactual quantity related to quantum correlations and quantum dynamics, which can be retrieved via weak measurements, as initiated by Aharonov and colleagues. In this Rapid Communication, we provide a full analytical extension of the method described by Puentes et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 040401 (2012)], to extract the joint weak values of single-particle operators from two-dimensional spatial displacements of Laguerre-Gauss probe states, for the case of azimuthal index |l|>1. This method has a statistical advantage over previous ones since information about the conjugate observable, i.e., the momentum displacement of the probe, is not required. Moreover, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, the joint weak value can be extracted directly from spatial displacements without any additional data processing.


In addition to its standard suite of mensuration variables, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S. Forest Service also collects data on forest health variables formerly measured by the Forest Health Monitoring program. FIA obtains forest health information on a subset of the base sample plots. Due to the sample size differences, the two sets of variables have traditionally been analyzed separately. However, the analysis of forest health indicator data can occur in conjunction with not only other stand characteristics (mensuration variables such as live-tree volume), but also with a plethora of ancillary information such as climate data and satellite imagery. This document is designed to help people interested in using auxiliary information in the analysis of the forest health indicators. Readers are initially treated to topics related to exploratory data analysis. This introductory content is followed by presentation of various statistical methodologies that may be employed; each section provides empirical analyses and discussion of the technique being presented. To cultivate a common theme throughout the document, carbon attributes of coarse woody debris (i.e., downed deadwood of a minimum size) is used as the forest health variable of interest; however, the underlying concepts can be applied to analyses of other variables as well.


The present invention is application substance container (9) of the toothbrush which can toothpaste or other coating material has a data storage medium (13) is filled and an electric toothbrush (1). Data storage medium of the coating material container (9) (13) preferably includes the general types of filling level and coating materials of the coating material container (9). Electric toothbrush (1) of the data receiver reads the data stored in the data storage medium (13), the data transmitter written to the data storage medium (13), and filling level of the coating material in the container (9) or, for example, is read having the specific coating material displayed may control units to be used based on the data. Further, it may be urged data for the specific application substance used adapting the operation of the toothbrush corresponding to the operation of the toothbrush in the storage control unit to the data storage medium (13). .FIELD 1


The Conception of continuous economic education development developed by us is based on the idea of continuous education, in which economic education is considered as an important structural element in the conditions of the new Russian developing economy. As a result of Russia's transition to a market economy, there is an urgent need for economic training of specialists who successfully work in the new socio-economic conditions, quickly and adequately responding to the changing market conditions. Economic education is aimed at the formation of economic competencies (key, professional and additional), and economic training is carried out in order to: the formation of economic thinking; development of business qualities of an economically educated person; accumulation of knowledge in the field of economy, management, taxation. In the conditions of market type economy professional education is focused on formation of the competitive, demanded in the labor market specialist possessing necessary economic competences which are formed in the course of economic training and economic education including knowledge of the objective economic laws and categories system; formation of economic competences and their realization in economic behavior; development of business qualities of the economically educated person; accumulation of knowledge in the field of economy, management, and taxation. The analysis of the classifications of competencies on various grounds allowed us to develop a structure of economic competence of students, including key, professional, and additional economic competences. The Conception of continuous economic education development developed by us takes into account the idea of continuing education, in which continuing economic education becomes an important structural element of vocational education in the conditions of the new Russian developing economy.


The use of enzymes as catalyst in polyesters production enables the creation of new materials for use in biomedical applications. In this work, a polyester derived from ω-pentadecalactone was synthesized. The polymer synthesis was performed using lipase Novozym 435 as catalyst and several solvents at 70 °C. The use of a closed variable volume reactor allowed the use of solvents with a boiling point lower than the reaction temperature, without affecting the ratio of solvent to monomer. Yields above 49 wt% and high molecular weights were obtained for all tested solvents. Dichloromethane (DCM) and chloroform were used as solvents for the evaluation of water content on enzyme and reaction time over the properties of final polymer. The amount of water on enzyme has a direct influence on reaction yields though higher molecular weights were obtained in reactions with lower water content. Yields of around 90 wt% were obtained in 6 h of reaction and molecular weights up to 42,300 and 51,900 g mol−1 were obtained in 2 h of reactions using DCM and chloroform as solvents. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017


In this paper we investigate the impact of the integration of context into dialogue translation. We present a new contextual parallel corpus of television subtitles and show how taking into account speaker gender can significantly improve machine translation quality in terms of B LEU and M ETEOR scores. We perform a manual analysis, which suggests that these improvements are not necessary related to the morphological consequences of speaker gender, but to more general linguistic divergences.


Combinating the western occupation sports with the situation of China 's national conditions,with the positive exploration on the characteristics projects,will contribute to the formation of the Chinese-style Occupational Sports.The article will analysis these three parts:What is the Chinese-style Occupational Sports,Which kinds of projects are fit to be occupational sports and which are not,as well as How to constructe development direction on the Chinese Occupational Sports,in order to get some beneficial perspectives and insights on development of occupation sports to our country's.


Abstract Developing the ability to accurately infer others' emotions is crucial for children's cognitive development. Here, we offer a new theoretical perspective on how children develop this ability. We first review recent work showing that with age, children increasingly use probability to infer emotions. We discuss how these findings do not fit with prominent accounts of how children understand emotions, namely the script account and the theory of mind account. We then outline a theory of how probability allows children to infer others' emotions. Specifically, we suggest that probability provides children with information about how much weight to put on alternative outcomes, allowing them to infer emotions by comparing outcomes to counterfactual alternatives.


The article considers the peculiarities of the word syllabic structure in three genetically, areally and typologically different languages. The word functional-semantic characteristic is taken into account. The importance of the operating grammatical tendency – synthesism/analytism – in words classes differentiation is substantiated. The significance of sound form connection type with meaning as the factor specifying the language typological determinant – the correlation of lexical and grammatical – is emphasized.


The present official economy is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The increase of the use of coal, natural gas, and oil has gone hand in hand with economic growth. However, to prevent global climate chaos, humanity must decrease and eventually cease burning fossil fuels. There is an increasing amount of evidence that we must quickly wean off the use of oil, gas, and coal, and most of the remaining sources of fossil fuels must be left in the ground.


Objective:To observe the effect of using acupuncture therapy to treat diabetics.Method:All diabetics were given acupuncture therapy for three days(once a day) in the morning before and after acupuncture determined glucose values of diabetics.Then compared the glucose values at last.Result:Before acupuncture average glucose values for diabetics were 7.7 mmol·L-1 and after acupuncture average glucose values for diabetics were 7.1mmol·L-1.Before and after acupuncture average glucose values has a significant difference.Conclusion: Acupuncture has a reliable effect of reducing blood sugar for diabetics and it is a safe and effective therapy without adverse reaction.


Deployed landmines lie hidden and active for years, a long time after the causative factors have ceased to exist. There are an estimated 50 to 60 million land mines buried in about 70 countries throughout the world. A UN estimate puts the number of people killed or maimed due to mine explosions to over 26000 per year. Detection of buried mines has assumed great importance during war and postwar situations, due to this. Acousto-ultrasonic Landmine Detector (ALMD) developed by Strategic Electronics Group of C-DAC, Thiruvananthapuram, India, is a vehicle mountable acoustic land mine sweeping system for locating buried anti-personnel (APM) and anti-tank mines(ATM). It detects buried mines, both plastic and metal, under different soil conditions-wet or dry, using innovative Non-contact ultrasonic Technology. ALMD discriminates mines from other buried objects through real time continuous Acoustic Resonance Imaging, and has a ground scan capability of 7000 sq cm per second. This paper explains the innovation, technology development and field trial results of the Acousto-ultrasonic Landmine Detector realized at CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram.


A modified interpretation method based on a combination of unsupervised and supervised image classification has been applied to space medium-resolution images taken in wintertime (data of OLI device of the LandSat 8 satellite) to create a digital thematic map of coniferous vegetation (for the Karelian part of the White Sea coastal zone). The template for the classification was the digital forest management inventory database (DB) for part (7.6 %) of the study area. Since the forest management inventory DB does not cover the entire study area, it is particularly interesting to determine the feasibility of producing digital vector layers of coniferous stands through supervised classification of medium-resolution remotely sensed data based on small amounts of template inventory information. To create training sets/supervised classification signatures, bitmap layers were formed from a color RGB composite of the source multi-spectral satellite image for sets of inventory units of each coniferous species. Unsupervised classification by the K-means method was performed for each prevalent species with a division into 5/8/10 clusters. Analysis of the findings revealed that the optimal number of clusters corresponds to 5 groups. Weighted average inventory parameters of template units were calculated to identify correlations with training sets. As a result of refining the technique for DB data classification, a set of digital thematic vector layers in GIS format, each containing coniferous stands as polygonal objects reliably identified by the main species and the growing stock, was produced. The set of digital layers of coniferous stands created using medium-resolution remotely sensed data can be used for the purposes of environmental monitoring and forecasting of human impact on the natural environment in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Karelia.


Infections represents a frequent medical concern in the individuals of all age group. It happened whenpatients'system responses toward any infections which causes a condition called sepsis which further led to the organmalfunctioning. When a dysregulated host reacted toward infection that causes a life-threatening organ dysfunction that can led to the state of critical chronic illness accompanied by catabolism and severe immune dysfunction.It is generally brought about by microbes' growths, bacterial disease, or infections and at present there is no particular treatment; and lead to 30% mortality rate, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. It is more common among elder age individuals as compared to young individuals. Recent definitions have been distributed for clinical practices and exploration of sepsis and contributed toward early diagnosis of the disease. Early, and effective antimicrobial treatment is related with endurance from sepsis and increases the survival rate from the disease.


This case is based on the authors' external review of the development, design, and implementation of a social media project at the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund (MAIF). Both public and private sector companies are seeking social media as an additional approach to engaging customers. The use of social media, in this case, will provide students with an opportunity to examine and analyze the issues and challenges encountered by MAIF and similar organizations' foray into social media. The case immerses the reader in the development of a social media project, requiring project analysis, evaluating multiple solutions, and assessing the challenges posed by alternative approaches. Additionally, the reader will have to propose a planning strategy that will build support consensus among the varying stakeholders while aligning with MAIF's mission. The case allows a professor to discuss possible solutions and encourage students to develop their own individual approaches. Students will be able to outline the objectives of the project and then provide a supporting strategy.


This paper reviews 231 papers published by 10 leading management accounting journals between the years 1980 and 2009. The review is structured according to research topics, research settings, research theories, research method and primary data analysis technique. Based on the results of this review, the paper provides reflections on the evolution of Australian management accounting research over the last 30 years and discusses opportunities for future research.


Reactions of syn-[Pt2(μ-dpmp)2(XylNC)2](PF6)2 (1), where dpmp = bis((diphenylphosphino)methyl)phenylphosphine and Xyl = 2,6-xylyl, with [MCl(cod)]2 (M = Rh, Ir) afforded the linearly ordered Pt−Pt−M clusters [Pt2{MCl(XylNC)}(μ-dpmp)2(XylNC)](PF6)2 (6a, M = Rh; 6b, M = Ir) and the asymmetrical A-frame clusters [Pt2{M(XylNC)}(μ-Cl)(μ-dpmp)2(XylNC)](PF6)2 (7a, M = Rh; 7b, M = Ir). The structures of 6a and 6b as well as that of 7a were determined by X-ray crystallography to reveal that the trinuclear core of the linearly ordered clusters 6 is joined by two metal−metal bonds in which the Pt−Pt and Pt−M bonds can be viewed, respectively, as d9−d9 covalent and a d9←d8 dative interactions.


Abstract Gross anatomical organisation and ultrastructure of day‐ and nighttime light‐ and dark‐adapted eyes of the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus, revealed that the retina of this crustacean reacts to different ambient light intensities with photomechanical changes, involving principally screening and reflecting pigments and that a circadian component controls full dark‐adaptation. Although similarities to the earlier investigated eyes of spiny and rock lobsters exist, one significant difference concerns the spindle shape of the adult slipper lobster rhabdom and the banded structure of the latter, caused by orthogonally‐aligned layers of microvilli. The rhabdom structure of adult slipper lobsters thus resembles that of larval rock lobsters and suggests sensitivity to polarised light. The extensive clear‐zone between dioptric and light‐perceiving elements in the eye of the slipper lobster, the relatively large number of ommatidia and facet diameters of 90 μm, moreover, suggest that the slipper lobster eye is particularly suited for vision in a dimly lit environment and operates on the principle of "reflecting superposition optics". The position of the eyes on the head and the thick cornea are indicative of a need to protect the eyes against physical damage.


Few research studies have focused on student learning as conference participants. Framed by situated cognition and informal learning theories, this qualitative study investigated how participation in a uniquely designed, international doctoral forum may have played a role in students' educational development as scholars. Findings indicate that participation in the forum had positive influences on doctoral student learning and development including enhanced understandings of the research process and the larger professional community of scholarly practice as well as increased confidence and motivation regarding students' own dissertation studies and identities as developing researchers. The paper concludes with suggestions for designing the kinds of forums and experiences that might simultaneously extend pedagogic practice and support doctoral student development. Recommendations for further research are also discussed.


Hybrid carp were raised in 1651 indoor tanks. Two tanks were used in this study each stocked with five fish (average total length and weight = 235.7 mm; 116.1 g); one tank was provided with zooplankton and the other with zooplankton and Chara sp. The hybrids fed actively on zooplankton at an average daily rate of 39% and Chara at 2.6% by body weight. Growth was estimated as 0.36% (0.43 g) per day. The hybrids on the two food types showed no significant differences either in plankton consumption or growth rate.


 In total 70/152 PCTs participated in the survey (46%)  Half of the PCTs had a formal process in place for disinvestment decisions  The use of analytical tools to aid commissioning was high. For example, 85% used programme budgeting data in priority setting. A similar proportion used predictive tools such as PARR and demand forecasting models.  Half reported difficulties recruiting high quality staff for commissioning positions and identified skills gaps as a barrier to effective commissioning  28% had used the Framework for Procuring External Support for Commissioners (FESC), the complexity of the process being a significant barrier to take-up .  64% agreed or strongly agreed that practice based commissioning clinicians were actively involved in commissioning. Where respondents strongly agreed that clinicians had an active role in commissioning this was in the form of leading and shaping priority setting and service re-design (examples included transforming community services; redesign of care pathways; disinvestment and decommissioning). It is however difficult to assess the depth and quality of engagement through a survey.  Further isssues identified were problems with access to robust information and the necessary skilled capacity for interpreting this; information asymmetry with providers and thus difficulty in challenging existing practices; and need for stronger engagement at general practice level.


Hydroxyethylstarch 450/0.7 has a prolonged intravascular volume expanding effect. Anaphylactoid reactions have not been seen in the present series, although untoward side effects of this kind have already been reported. It is to be hoped that the restricted use of plasma expanders in favour of the much more expensive human albumin will be changed in future in the direction of using plasma expanders more freely than during the last years.                                                                                X


GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) plans share more than 800 drug patents with others trying to discover new cures for neglected tropical diseases. Keep reading to learn more.


The Problem and the Solution. The work, values, and alternative paradigms of human resource development (HRD) are not yet well understood by others, or even by many of its own professionals. As a result, the profession faces challenges in differentiating and legitimizing itself and, with the astronomical growth in numbers of H RD practitioners, risks poor quality and damaging practice Underlying every facet of the profession are beliefs that form the foundations of its practice A central task in advancing HRD and continuing to offer excellence to those it serves is Identifying these core beliefs and engaging in ongoing dialogue to shape, question, learn from, and enact them