The reaction of p-benzoquinone monoimines with monohydric phenols gives indophenol dyes by a process involving a rate-controlling electrophilic coupling of the monoimine to the para-position of the phenol, followed by rapid oxidation of the resulting leuco-dye by a second molecule of the monoimine. At pH > 10, the neutral monoimine and the phenolate ion are the major reactive species, while below pH 10 the reaction between the conjugate acid of the monoimine and the phenolate ion becomes significant and, at pH 6–8 is the major contributor to the reaction. At pH < 5, the reaction between the conjugate acid of the monoimine and the neutral phenol makes a significant contribution to the rate.
 C-Methylation decreases the reactivity of the neutral monoimine by a factor of ca. 20 but increases the reactivity of the phenolate ion by factors of 27 (ortho) and 10 (meta). C-Chlorination increases the reactivity of the monoimine by a factor of 4·5–8. In polysubstituted compounds the effect of methylation is cumulative.The visible spectra of the indophenol dyes and their anions indicate that in the major tautomer the more highly methylated ring is the quinonoid ring and the more highly chlorinated ring is the benzenoid ring.


This article highlights an interview with electronics engineers from Japan' s Big Four automakers. After a brief 10-year outlook, plans for the automotive electronics industry are highlighted, with focus on head-up displays, voice recognition technology, navigation and multimedia, and crash sensors.


Due to an oversight by MDPI and the authors, the following numerical corrections were not made in the originally published article [1]. MDPI-Sensors and the authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience brought to the readers.[...]


Do clowns really die? Do princesses answer letters? Do we picture death as a white horse? Where do old words go when they die? These are some of the questions asked in EMAK BAKIA BAITA, a documentary on the search for the house on the Basque coast where Man Ray shot his famous film Emak Bakia back in 1926. Eighty years after the shooting, Oskar Alegria sets out to find the house on the basis of four clues: the house's weird name, a photogram of a window, a photogram of a door and an image of the sea.


(57) Abstract: novel aromatic bicyclic amine represented by the formula (I) useful in treating central nervous system diseases and arrhythmia agents and heart 繊繊 維攣.


Compatibility of Oxide Coated Carbon Fibers with Aluminum A. KITAHARA, S. AKIYAMA and H. UENO (Received May 26, 1990) Oxide coating on carbon fiber by ion-plating method was investigated in order to improve the compatibility of carbon fiber (CF) with aluminum (Al). Five oxides such as calcia (CaO), magnesia (MgO), alumina (A12O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and titania (TiO2), were used for the coating. First, the oxide coatings were evaluated as a reaction barrier between CF and Al . MgO was the best reaction barrier agent among the oxides tested and prevented perfectly the degradation in strength of Al coated CF after heating up to 873 K for 18 ks. CaO and Al2O3 had also fair effect for the reaction barrier between CF and Al and prevented the degradation in strength of Al coated CF after heating up to 823 K. ZrO2 and TiO2 , however, reacted with Al and caused remarkably the degradation in strength of CF. Next, the oxide coatings were evaluated as a wetting agent to molten aluminum by SEM observation of the wetting state of molten Al on carbon fibers after heating at 1,023 K for 3.6 ks. The oxides increased the wettability in the following order: TiO2, A12O3, CaO, MgO, and ZrO2.


This article comments on: Bossinger G, Spokevicius AV. 2018. Sector analysis reveals patterns of cambium differentiation in poplar stems. Journal of Experimental Botany 69, 4339–4348.


The incidence of menopause in women aged 40-58 years which can occur early or late. One of the factors that influence menopausal women's entry into hormonal contraception. The aim is to determine the relationship between the use of injectable birth control and the age of menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district. This study was a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The research has conducted a total of 105 respondents using the chi square statistical test. The results of the study were 42 respondents (66.7%) who used injectable contraceptives < 3 years experienced menopause at the age of < 49 years, while 21 respondents (33.3%) experienced menopause at the age of ≥ 49 years. While the use of injection contraception ≥ 3 years experienced menopause at the age of <49 years by 18 respondents (42.9%), menopausal age ≥ 49 years by 24 respondents (57.1%). The results of statistical data using the chi-square test found that p value = 0.016 <0.05 indicating that there was a relationship between the use of DMPA injection contraception (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) and the incidence of menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the use of DMPA injection contraception (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) and the incidence menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district which has a significant level of closeness.


The invention relates to a lifting device (6) for a Spulgutaufnahme (4) of a dishwasher (1), wherein the lifting device (6) is adapted to the Spulgutaufnahme (4) from a starting position (A) into an end position (E) to raise or the end position (e) in the starting position (a) lower, the lifting device (6) comprises a locking means (19) which is adapted to the Spulgutaufnahme (4) automatically in at least one intermediate position (Z1, Z2) between the starting position ( a) and the end position (e) to lock, wherein the locking means (19) an actuating element (20) for unlocking the same, and wherein the Spulgutaufnahme (4) from the starting position (a) into the end position (e) or vice versa is only displaceable as long as the actuating element (20) is actuated to unlock the locking device (19).


Assuming that legal science, specifically with regard to interpretation, has to provide the tools to reduce the uncertainty of legal solutions arising from the use of natural languages by legal orders, it becomes a central matter to identify, in this limited domain, the spectrum of semantic variation (and its boundaries) that language brings to the definition of a norm expressed by a norm sentence. It is in this framework that the present paper, analyzing norm sentences as a specific kind of speech act, examines the relation of the legal order to natural language rules, the limits of linguistic uncertainty, and alternatives of meaning as distinct possibilities of norms covered by the text (that are, because of this, still within what literal meaning is). Considering interpretation just as the linguistic decoding process, the reverse of the process of creating norm sentences, the paper also argues that subjects not connected with the relation between norm sentences and norms (mainly, normative defeasibility) are analytically distinct and should be removed from the field of language.


The article presents new data on the deep crustal structure, origin and evolution of the Bryansk-Kursk-Voronezh orogen in the south-eastern segment of the East European craton; it is composed of the Paleoproterozoic formations and areas of reworked Archean crust. The purpose of this paper is the development and improvement of ideas on intra-continental orogens. The deep structure of the orogen is presented by the 3D model based on results of geological mapping of the Precambrian basement and interpretations of geophysical fields and seismic images of the crust along geotraverse 1-EB and profile DOBRE. It is established that the orogen originated with riftogenic extension of the crust at 2.6–2.5 Ga, that was repeated at 2.2–2.1 Ga, and formation of wide depressions that were efficiently filled in with volcanosedimentary layers including BIF, which accumulation was followed by high-temperature up to granulite facies metamorphism. Suprasubduction magmatism took place at 2.10–2.08 Ga and resulted in formation of the Lipetsk-Losevka volcano-plutonic complex. The active margin was completely formed at about 2.05 Ga. The short duration of subduction-related magmatic activity and the lack of relics of the oceanic lithosphere suggest short-term and spatially limited developing of the oceanic structure. The tectonothermal activity of collisional and postcollision stages was expressed in emplacement of alkaline ultramafic (2.1–2.0 Ga) and gabbro-syenite (1.8–1.7 Ga) complexes. It is difficult or impossible to explain specific features of the structure and evolution of the orogen in framework of the model of the Cordilleras type  accretionary orogen. Mafic-ultramafic magmatism and indications of intensive heating of the crust suggest a special role of plume type processes that provided for influx of mantle heat and juvenile mantle derived matter.


P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane transporter encoded in the Multi-drug Resistance (MDR1) gene expressed in several normal tissues and over expressed in tumor cells. Pgp was already identified in different species but not yet in equine. MDR1 gene and P-gp are able to interfere with bioavailability and disposition of several drugs, altering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodinamic of drugs. The presence of the MDR1 and P-gp in the central nervous system blocks the entry of certain drugs in this tissue and reduces drug absorption and enhances drug elimination when P-gp and MDR1 are presented in the gastrointestinal tract. This study showed that the MDR1 gene is present in equine ileum. Future studies on the impact of the P-glycoprotein encoded gene MDR1 on drugs pharmacologic effects in horses are granted.


We've previously seen that we can attempt to fit binary labels y ∈ {0, 1} with straightforward linear regression models. We derived that the ideal function is f (x) = P(y = 1 | x), the probability of being in class 1. However, linear functions we fit are likely to predict outputs outside the range [0, 1] for some test inputs. We will now force our function to lie in the desired [0, 1] range by transforming a linear function with a logistic sigmoid:


Abstract: The scope of this chapter is the modelling of the force balance at the wheel–rail interface in railway vehicles. The focus is on simulation of vehicle dynamics and the requirements imposed on numerical efficiency. The introductory section addresses basic concepts related to profile geometry and contact area and is followed by a section on general models for normally and tangentially loaded contacts. Analytical and numerical methods are treated. The section on wheel–rail-specific solutions concentrates on numerical algorithms for dynamic application. Comparisons between elliptic and non-elliptic models are given. The chapter concludes with a section on vehicle dynamics ranging from simulation of contact conditions to a review of available simulation packages.


In a study employing a double-blind design, the behavior of institutionalized delinquent boys receiving either dextro-amphetamine, placebo or no treatment was rated by cottage parents, teachers and peers. On each measure the drug-treated subjects proved superior to both control groups. The highest dosage (40 mg. per day) produced one significant side effect, weight loss. On discontinuation of medication, both behavior and weight moved toward control levels.


High‐frequency strain transducers consisting of n‐channel piezoelectric DMOS transistors have been constructed. These transducers have detected surface acoustic waves at 20 and 28 MHz. The transducers exhibit gauge factors of the order of 105 at dc.


The research has the purpose to study the guest comment card quality of four star hotels in Padang. This research took place in Grand Inna Muara Hotel, Pangeran Beach Hotel, Bumi Minang Hotel and Mercure Hotel. The data obtained throughs in depth interview and sample were drawn from the population of practitioners in hospitality industry and academicians in Padang city. The data analyzed by using content analysis method. This research followed 8 guidelines from Bartkus et al (2009), which are return methods, introductory statement, contact information, number of questions, space for open comments, response categories for close ended questions, number of response for close ended questions, question wording, and 1 additional guideline from Wisner & Corney (1997), which is attachment of gift.


This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the Tanner graph of a quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code based on the all-one protograph to have girth 6, 8, 10, and 12, respectively, in the case of parity-check matrices with column weight 4. These results are a natural extension of the girth results of the already-studied cases of column weight 2 and 3, and it is based on the connection between the girth of a Tanner graph given by a parity-check matrix and the properties of powers of the product between the matrix and its transpose. The girth conditions can be easily incorporated into fast algorithms that construct codes of desired girth between 6 and 12; our own algorithms are presented for each girth, together with constructions obtained from them and corresponding computer simulations. More importantly, this paper emphasizes how the girth conditions of the Tanner graph corresponding to a parity-check matrix composed of circulants relate to the matrix obtained by adding (over the integers) the circulant columns of the parity-check matrix. In particular, we show that imposing girth conditions on a parity-check matrix is equivalent to imposing conditions on a square circulant submatrix obtained from it.


We give a general criterion for developing an entire function f in a Newton interpolation series 5un=°o An(x — vi)(x — v<?)... (x ~ vn), where (vn) is a given sequence of complex numbers. This criterion uses the notion of U -exponential type, and its proof involves the i7-Laplace transform, whose properties are studied.


A reverse rotation prevention structure for a screw body is provided with a screw body having a male screw-shaped screw thread, a first washer, and a second washer. The screw body has a screw body-side seat part facing the first washer. The first washer has a first receiving part facing the screw body-side seat part, and a second receiving part facing the second washer. The second washer has a third receiving part facing the second receiving part, and a fourth receiving part facing a body to be fastened having a body to be fastened-side seat part. Consequently, the rotation in a specific direction of the screw body can be reliably prevented by a simple structure.


The endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)response is induced by misfolded proteins via the unfolded-protein response(UPR),allowing cells to deal with endogenous stress through arresting of protein translation,promoting peptide folding,degeneration of unfolded or misshapen proteins,and cell apoptosis.Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1(IRE1)and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)are the three proximal effectors of the UPR in mammalian cells.Airway epithelial cells consist of many cell types with prosperous cell growth and numerous secretion,making those cells more liable to have ERS.Recent studies have revealed the role of ERS in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma,which involves imbalance of calcium homeostasis,abnormal secretion of hyaluronic acid and mucin,and the abnormal recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells.This article summarizes the correlation of ERS with asthma.


The invention relates to a self-locking drum-shaped blind rivet. The rivet comprises a rivet body and a rivet core in the rivet body, wherein a first inner hole and a second inner hole which are axially distributed along the rivet body are formed in the rivet body; the second inner hole is communicated with the first inner hole; the aperture of the second inner hole is less than that of the first inner hole; a locking step is formed at the junction of the second inner hole and the first inner hole; the rivet body is convexly provided with a rivet edge corresponding to the end part for forming the second inner hole; one end of the rivet core is convexly provided with a rivet head; one side of the rivet core corresponding to the rivet head is provided with a first cylinder and a second cylinder; one end of the second cylinder is connected with the rivet head, and the other end of the second cylinder is connected with the second cylinder through a locking slot; the rivet core gets out of the first inner hole and the second inner hole in the rivet body corresponding to the other end for arranging the rivet head; and the rivet head is contacted with the end of the rivet body. The rivet has the advantages of high strength, high rigidity, high vibration resistance, suitability for riveting of aeronautical materials, wide application range, safety and reliability.


RATIONALE
Long-term survival after lung transplantation is limited by infectious complications and by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a form of chronic rejection linked in part to microbial triggers.

OBJECTIVES
To define microbial populations in the respiratory tract of transplant patients comprehensively using unbiased high-density sequencing.

METHODS
Lung was sampled by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and upper respiratory tract by oropharyngeal wash (OW). Bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequencing was used to profile organisms present. Outlier analysis plots defining taxa enriched in lung relative to OW were used to identify bacteria enriched in lung against a background of oropharyngeal carryover.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Lung transplant recipients had higher bacterial burden in BAL than control subjects, frequent appearance of dominant organisms, greater distance between communities in BAL and OW indicating more distinct populations, and decreased respiratory tract microbial richness and diversity. Fungal populations were typically dominated by Candida in both sites or by Aspergillus in BAL but not OW. 16S outlier analysis identified lung-enriched taxa indicating bacteria replicating in the lower respiratory tract. In some cases this confirmed respiratory cultures but in others revealed enrichment by anaerobic organisms or mixed outgrowth of upper respiratory flora and provided quantitative data on relative abundances of bacteria found by culture.

CONCLUSIONS
Respiratory tract microbial communities in lung transplant recipients differ in structure and composition from healthy subjects. Outlier analysis can identify specific bacteria replicating in lung. These findings provide novel approaches to address the relationship between microbial communities and transplant outcome and aid in assessing lung infections.


The pulse formation process in a passively mode-locked multi-core photonic crystal fiber laser with saturable absorber was investigated experimentally and numerically.The starting procedure included relaxation oscillation,Q pulses and finally stable mode-locking.The oscillation tendency between the cores was almost the same because of the strong evanescent coupling between the cores.The research shows that ensuring the coupling efficiency,the fine adjustment of fiber input coupling is not required for stable mode locking.


The following list of dates contains all measurements made during 1972, i.e., since our last list. Counting equipment, operating procedures and sample pretreatment are the same as previously described (R., 1969, v. 11, p. 263). Age calculations are based on 95% activity of the NBS oxalic acid standard computed from the Libby half-life of 5570 ± 30 yr. Background samples are synthesized from Welsh anthracite. Errors quoted refer only to the standard deviation (1σ) calculated from a statistical analysis of sample, background and standard count rates.


Based on the system monitoring of discharge made by petrochemical complex enterprises and hydraulic system component in the area of their influence, it is established that from 40 phenolic compounds identified in waste water, 11 % of them are 1 and 2 hazardous class substances, 18% are not rated (do not have established values of maximum permissible concentrations). It is shown that the control system of waste water discharges of the indicated industries based on the use of «phenol index» group factor, limits the consistent assessment of the waters pollution hazard by phenol and its derivatives.


Part 1 Introduction: 1. What Is International Relations?. Part 2 Micro-international relations: 2. The Actors. 3. Foreign Policy as the Pursuit of the National Interest. 4. Influences on Foreign Policy-making - The Domestic Environment. 5. Influences on Foreign Policy-making - the International Environment, 6. Means of Achieving Objectives. 7. The Processes of Policy-making. Part 3 Macro-international relations: 8. International Systems. 9. State Systems. 10. Behavioural Systems. 11. System Transformation. Part 4 Micro-macro linkages: 12. The Micro-macro Conceptualisation. 13. Some Other International Relations Conceptualisations. Conclusion. Further Reading. Index.


Parameters of the annual and subannual skeletal growth of 61 Montastrea annularis corals, collected at a variety of shallow depth sites on reefs of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, are determined by X-radiography and scanning densitometry for each year in the IO-year period, 1970-1979. Extension (linear growth) of the coral skeleton is correlated negatively with bulk density (mass per unit volume) and positively with calcification (mass addition). Density and mass are slightly positively correlated. No one parameter, however, is a perfect predictor of another. At least two parameters, from which the third can be calculated, are required for complete description of coral growth. The variations of parameters of subannual density bands in this study do not convey information additional to those of annual bands. When compared to a pristine site in St. Croix, coral from Round Reefwithin Christiansted Harbor (a location of past dredging and sewage pollution) have equivalent (and high) extension but significantly lower density and calcification. On the south coast, corals from a location of major dredging activity in the past have relatively low extension and calcification. These growth anomalies are probably pollution related. Collections of corals from one south coast site may have been biased by hurricane effects to nonrepresentative samples. The island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, is located in the northeastern Caribbean sea at 17°45'N and 64°52'W. Surrounding the island on most sides are coral reefs, some of which have been described (Ogden, 1972; Adey, 1975; Adey et aI., 1977). This study evaluates annual and subannual skeletal growth ofa major coral species, Montastrea annularis. from various reef areas. Relationships of the parameters-extension, density, and calcification-are investigated. Growth is typically considered an index of viability of an organism and for corals can be an important indicator oftheir state of health. 51. Croix is not highly developed, but sources of pollution do exist. We have found that coral growth in certain areas appears to reflect the presence of environmental degradation. A number of methods are available to measure skeletal growth of scleractinian corals and a variety of studies have been done (Buddemeier and Kinzie, 1976). We wished to evaluate natural in situ growth over a decade and used the X-radiography method (Buddemeier, 1978; Dodge and Vaisnys, 1980) to reveal annual and subannual skeletal density variations or bands (Knutson et al., 1972; Dodge et al., 1974; Macintyre and Smith, 1974; Hudson et aI., 1976). Width of growth increments measures extension of the coral skeleton. Bulk density measures the distribution of CaC03 within the skeleton. The mass of CaC03 deposited (over time) is the calcification (rate) of the coral. If any two of the parameters are known, the third can be calculated. A variety of studies have been done on the individual variability of at least two of these parameters (e.g., for extension: Weber and White, 1977; Weber et al. 1975; Glynn and Stewart, 1973; Isdale, 1977; Dodge et aI., 1974; Hudson, 1981; and for calcification: Goreau and Goreau, 1959; Jokiel and Coles, 1977; Coles and Jokiel, 1978; Bak, 1974; 1978). The inter-relationships and simultaneous variability of each of the parameters are only beginning to be understood (Dodge and Thomson, 1974; Buddemeier et aI., 1974). Barnes and Taylor (1973), Dustan (1975), and Baker and Weber (1975) have


Introduction and Objectives: The treatment of choice in periprosthetic Vancouver B1 fractures is open reduction and fixation with an osteosynthesis plate. There is a certain amount of controversy as to the need to also use a cortical allograft plate. Materials and Methods: We carried out a revision of periprosthetic fractures Vancouver type B1 treated with Dall-Milles (Styker) plates with and without an additional cortical allograft. Results: We included a total of 12 patients operated between March 2003 and July 2207, 6 of them had a plate and also an allograft plate (AP) and 6 only had a DM plate alone (DMP). There was one case of superficial infection of the surgical wound in the AP group in the only case of an open fracture (grade 1) in the series. No osteosynthesis failures were seen in either of the groups. Mean age (4 years more), mean hospital stay (4 days more), need for transfusion (33% more) and mortality (16% more) were all greater in the AP group; whereas the size of the DM plate and operation time (30 minutes less) were less. The EQ-5D health scale was one tenth better in the DMP group, but, curiously, the Oxford Hip Score was 9 points lower. Discussion and Conclusions: Not all patients with periprosthetic fractures Vancouver type B1 treated with a DM plate need the addition of a structural allograft plate. We consider that patients with low bone quality and who were functionally independent before fracture are those that will need a cortical allograft.


Based on the review and interpretation of theoretical-methodological assumptions related to social communication, journalism, controversy, content analysis in the mass media (MCM) and ideological discourse, this article bases a methodology to investigate media controversies in printed publications, the which is applicable to controversies that circulate in digital media, adapting to the peculiarities of these the variable corresponding to the presentation of the materials involved in the dispute. This proposal allows registering the context of the controversy submitted to scrutiny, its relevance, themes; the characteristics, ideologies and proceeding of the actors; the structuring of the discursive space that the medium grants (location, genres, paratexts); the depth of the debate, its language, tone and resources; its typology; the functions it fulfills; the scope and repercussion within the Communication and Social System. Likewise, it makes it possible to verify the reception that the controversy in question has had in the public sphere.


Seven black fly species were identified, chiefly on the basis of reared adults, pupae and mature larvae collected from Bougainville Inland, Papua New Guinea. All were assigned to the genus Simulium Latreille s. 1. and were further classified into two subgenera, i.e., six species in Simulium (Morops) and one in Simulium (Gomphostilbia). S. (M.) noroense and S. (G.) hiroshii were newly recorded from Bougainville Island, and five other species were described as new species. Under the subgenus Morops, a new species-group was proposed.


The internal-meshing rotary mechanism is widely used in the oil pumps and cyclonical pin wheels application. The working principle of the internal meshing rotary compressor is very different with the current institutions applications. while, the mechanical property method of the internal meshing rotary pump can't be entirely and directly used in the rotary compressor because of the different working principles. In order to simplify the study of the internal-meshing rotary compressors, the forces acted on the inner and outer gears are computed. The gas force and torque related to the rotating angle are derived, and then compared with other rotary compressors. The result shows that the internal meshing rotary compressor's mechanical parameters vary periodically and the period is 2π/Z2and this type of compressor has perfect mechanical property compared with other compressors.


Hot springs and wells in West Texas and adjacent Mexico are manifestations of active convective geothermal systems, concentrated in a zone along the Rio Grande between the Quitman Mountains and Big Bend National Park. Maximum temperatures are 47/sup 0/ and 72/sup 0/C for hot springs and wells in Texas and 90/sup 0/C for hot springs in Mexico within 5 km of the border. Existing information is summarized and the results of a 1-year intensive study of the area are presented. The study includes several overlapping phases: (1) compilation of existing geologic information, both regional studies of geology, structure and geophysics, and more detailed local studies of individual hot spring areas; (2) detailed geologic mapping of hot spring areas to understand the origin and geologic controls of hot springs; (3) field measurement and sampling of hot spring or well waters for geochemical analysis; and (4) synthesis and interpretation of the data.


A simple analytic criterion is developed which determines the focusing or defocusing of near axis magnetostatic spin waves propagating in a cylindrically symmetric ferromagnet. The crystal is assumed to be magnetically saturated by an axial magnetic field which, due to nonzero volume divergence of the magnetization, is in general, non-Laplacian in character. In addition, both magnetic dipolar coupling and variation of the angle between the magnetization vector and the local propagation vector are included in the model, which thus extends the analytic work of previous authors. The asymptotic behavior of the spin wave trajectories is found to predict either focusing or defocusing. In analogy to under- and over-damped resonators, the former occurs either by the monotonic or damped oscillatory approach of a ray toward the axis; the condition for critical damping is also given. The theory is applied to the case of a magnetically saturated YIG cylinder of commonly employed dimensions (3 mm d. × 10 mm).


The development of tourism talents is the key to enlarge and strengthen the tourism industry in Yangzhou.However,tourism personnel training and recruitment are lagging behind the pace of tourism development.In order to solve the problem mentioned above,it puts forward the following measures: making "Yangzhou Tourism Talent Development Plan";combining conventional training and topic-specific training;taking various incentive measures actively to retain and recruit talented people;perfecting training system and optimizing the integration of tourism resources for education,which provide a solid support for Yangzhou tourism human resources ultimately.


The ah initio MO calculations with HF/6-31G* basis set were performed in the neutral 5H,7H-dibenzo[b,g][1,5]dithiocin 12-oxide (1), the mono-protonated (1-H + ) and the di-protonated (1-2H + ) sulfoxides. The calculations indicated that the protonation is very important process for the 1,5-oxygen shift and the oxygen atom approaches to another sulfur by protonation. The inside oxygen conformation (the TB i or the BB i ) is important for the intramolecular oxygen shift to form the oxygen-bridged intermediate in 1-2H + -BB b , and the outside oxygen conformation (the TB o or the BB o ) is the most probable conformation to form the sulfurane intermediate in 1-2H + -BB o and 2-2H + -BB o , respectively.


We demonstrate a new application of fiber-optic-sensing and machine learning techniques for vehicle run-off-road events detection to enhance roadway safety and efficiency. The proposed approach achieves high accuracy in a testbed under various experimental conditions.


Many randomized controlled trials report more than one primary outcome. As a result, multivariate meta‐analytic methods for the assimilation of treatment effects in systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials have received increasing attention in the literature. These methods show promise with respect to bias reduction and efficiency gain compared with univariate meta‐analysis. However, most methods for multivariate meta‐analysis have focused on pairwise treatment comparisons (i.e. when the number of treatments is 2). Current methods for mixed treatment comparisons meta‐analysis (i.e. when the number of treatments is more than 2) have focused on univariate or, very recently, bivariate outcomes. To broaden their application, we propose a framework for mixed treatment comparisons meta‐analysis of multivariate (two or more) outcomes where the correlations between multivariate outcomes within and between studies are accounted for through copulas, and the joint modelling of multivariate random effects respectively. We consider a Bayesian hierarchical model using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimation. An important feature of the framework proposed is that it allows for borrowing of information across correlated outcomes. We show via simulation that our approach reduces the effect of outcome reporting bias in a variety of missing outcome scenarios. We apply the method to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence, which tends to report multiple outcomes potentially subject to outcome reporting bias.


Collapse shape of tunnel roof in layered Hoek-Brown rock media is investigated within the framework of upper bound theorem. The traditional collapse mechanism for homogeneous stratum is no longer suitable for the present analysis of roof stability, and it would be necessary to propose a curve failure mode to describe the velocity discontinuity surface in layered media. What is discussed in the paper is that the failure mechanism of tunnel roofs, consisting of two different functions, is proposed for layered rock media. Then it is employed to investigate the impending roof failure. Based on the nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion, the collapse volume of roof blocks are derived with the upper bound theorem and variational principle. Numerical calculations and parametric analysis are carried out to illustrate the effects of different parameters on the shape of failure mechanism, which is of overriding significance to the stability analysis of tunnel roof in layered rock media.


It has been proposed that the antiestrogen tamoxifen induces liver tumors In rats and genotoxic effects in vitro through metabolic activation involvIng, initially, a-hydroxylation of the ethyl group. To test this hy pothesis, the extent of DNA adduct formation in primary rat hepatocytes treated with tamoxifen and a-hydroxytamoxifen was investigated. Hepa tocytes from female Fischer F-344 rats were treated with 1 or 10 pM concentrations of either a-hydroxytamoxifen or tamoxifeL DNA was Isolated and analyzed for the presence of DNA adducts by 32Ppostlabel Ing. Chromatography on polyethylenelmlne cellulose thin layer chroma tography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that the same pattern ofadducts was formed by both compounds. However,the levelof adductformationwas25 and49 tImesgreaterwith a-hydroxytamoxlfen than with tamoxifen at 1 and 10 pM, respectively. The formationof a-hydroxytainoxlfenas a metaboliteof tamoxifenwas demonstrated by mass spectrometric analysis of the extracted culture medium. a-Hydroxytamoxifenwas found to react with DNAIn the ab sence of metabolizing enzymes. These results demonstrate the Involvement of a-hydroxylationInthe metabolicactivationof tamoxlfen.


The present invention provides an electrical electrochromic devices relates to the field of display technology, it is possible to prepare a small difference in transmittance of each area electrochromic devices, such that good electrical electrochromic display device. The electrochromic device includes a first and second substrates disposed opposite to the first transparent conductive layer disposed on the first substrate inner side is provided on the second transparent conductive layer of the inner side of the second substrate further comprising: disposed between said first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer of organic - inorganic electrochromic thin film, the organic - inorganic electrochromic film is passed over the first transparent conductive layer reticulated microspheres formed film, and forming the inorganic electrochromic film, removing the microsphere-film, and making the inorganic electrochromic film and an organic electrochromic solution polymerization reaction in a gap between the microsphere membrane after it made.


The invention discloses a device and method for measuring a radial internal clearance of a conical bore cylindrical roller bearing. The measuring device comprises a platform, a central spindle, screws, nuts, an instrument stand and an instrument. The central spindle is fixedly connected to the platform through the screws and the nuts, a locating shaft used for being matched with a conical bore of the cylindrical roller bearing is arranged at the upper end of the central spindle, the face, matched with the conical bore of the cylindrical roller bearing, of the locating shaft is a conical face, and the conical face is consistent with the conical bore of the cylindrical roller bearing in taper. The measuring method is used for measuring the radial internal clearance of the conical bore cylindrical roller bearing through the measuring device, the conical bore in the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing can be matched with the conical face of the central spindle in a zero clearance mode, nuts or screws and pressing plate do not need to be fastened and dismantled, and detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.


Abstract : In a foliage environment, radio wave propagation is subjected to fading on both large-scales and small-scales that impairs the quality and reliability of data link transmission. This has implications for many military operations. One example is the effects of foliage on the performance of communications links and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) radio links when ground forces are operating in foliage environments. The purpose of this research is to evaluate some simple models for the propagation of radio waves in foliage using an electromagnetic field simulation application. The three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic field simulation application, CST Studio Suite, was used in the modeling and simulation process. Specifically, the CST Microwave Studio module was used to model the forest using dielectric blocks. Various combinations of forest dimensions, material dielectric parameters, and antenna placements were simulated to obtain propagation models of radio waves in foliage environments. Using the simulation models, we examined the coverage diagram for a transmitter antenna immersed in foliage. The results show that the proposed models provide a rough approximation to radio wave propagation in an actual rainforest environment. The path loss in foliage is affected by the forest's electrical characteristics, the height of the transmitter, and the height of the receiver. In addition, the simulation models were compared to three empirical models to determine their accuracy. The empirical models were Tewari's model, the Jansky and Bailey model, and the LITU-R model.


The basic building blocks of a classic multigrid algorithm, which are essentially stencil computations, all have a low ratio of executed floating point operations per byte fetched from memory. This important ratio can be identified as the arithmetic intensity. Applications with a low arithmetic intensity are typically bounded by memory traffic and achieve only a small percentage of the theoretical peak performance of the underlying hardware. We propose a polynomial Chebyshev smoother, which we implement using cache‐aware tiling, to increase the arithmetic intensity of a multigrid V‐cycle. This tiling approach involves a trade‐off between redundant computations and cache misses. Unlike common conception, we observe optimal performance for higher degrees of the smoother. The higher‐degree polynomial Chebyshev smoother can be used to smooth more than just the upper half of the error frequencies, leading to better V‐cycle convergence rates. Smoothing more than the upper half of the error spectrum allows a more aggressive coarsening approach where some levels in the multigrid hierarchy are skipped. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of this study is to compare acute toxicity of fluoxetine versus that of amitriptyline among patients admitted to the Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University (PCC-ASU) and to investigate some predictive factors for the development of complications in such cases. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the PCC-ASU during the period between January 2013 and December 2015. The study included 31 patients ingested fluoxetine alone and 49 patients ingested amitriptyline alone. Parameters: Descriptive variables: (age, gender, amount taken, delay time and manner of poisoning). Clinical variables: Vital signs, mean QRS duration, corrected QT (QTc), cardiac arrhythmias ,level of consciousness (assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), pupil size and reactivity, seizures and symptoms of serotonin toxicity. Laboratory variables: (Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and blood glucose level).The outcome variables: percentage of cases with: cardiac arrhythmias, QRS ≥100,QTc ≥440, seizures, GCS ≤10, serotonin toxicity, ICU admission, length of stay in ICU, length of hospital stay and survival. RESULTS: there was highly significant increase of the age, amount of drug ingested, mean QRS, QTc, mydriasis and significant decrease in the mean GCS and serum sodium in amitriptyline group compared to fluoxetine group. A highly significant increase of percentage of tremors, clonus, hyper-reflexia and diaphoresis was observed in fluoxetine group. As regards outcome variables, there was insignificant difference in percentage of cases with seizures and survival between both groups. There was significant increase in percentage of cases with QRS ≥100, QTc ≥440, GCS ≤10, ICU admission, length of stay in ICU and hospital in amitriptyline group. There was a highly significant increase of cases with serotonin toxicity in fluoxetine group.The patients who developed seizures after acute amitriptyline toxicity, showed a highly significant increase in the amount of drug intake, QRS, QTc duration and length of hospital stay and highly significant decrease of mean GCS and serum sodium level compared with patients without seizures. By applying logistic regression analysis, QRS ≥100 and QTc≥440 interval and  GCS ≤10 were identified as independent risk factors and QRS≥100 showed (sensitivity 97%, specificity 71%, PPV 67% and NPV 97%);  QTc ≥440 interval showed (sensitivity 65%,specificity 64%, PPV55% and NPV 68%) and GCS ≤10 showed (sensitivity 86%, specificity 71%, PPV 60% and NPV 80%).The patients who developed seizure after acute fluoxetine toxicity showed a highly significant increase in the amount of drug intake, QTc duration, and percentage of cases with serotonin toxicity and length of hospital stay and highly significant decrease of mean GCS compared with patients without seizures. By applying logistic regression analysis, QTc≥440, GCS≤10, and serotonin toxicitywere identified as independent risk factors. QTc interval ≥440 showed (sensitivity 62%, specificity 82%, PPV 55% and NPV 86%); GCS≤10 showed (sensitivity 72%, specificity 84%, PPV 60% and NPV 91%) and serotonin toxicity showed (sensitivity 100%, specificity 86%, PPV72% and NPV 100%). IN CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine intoxicated patients encountered complications as serotonin toxicity and seizure in acute large doses and the predictive risk factors for seizure were QTc ≥440, GCS ≤10 and serotonin toxicity. Amitriptyline intoxication associated with seizures and the predictive risk factors for seizure were QRS ≥100 and QTc ≥440 and GCS ≤10.


This paper focuses on obtaining the optimum process parameters and improving the mechanical properties of ultrahigh strength steel BR1500S. Many experimental data are obtained, and then response surface methodology (RSM) is used to obtain the optimum parameters. Combining the experimental data with RSM, some conclusions are summarized. When the cooling rate reaches 30°C/s, martensite content in microstructure reaches up to 95%. The optimum regions of quenching hardness, tensile strength, and elongation are obtained when the temperature is about 900°C, and the holding time is about 0∼4 min. Results of multiobjective optimizations show that global optimal value is gained at 906.5°C, and the holding time is 0 min. Predicted optimum values of quenching hardness, tensile strength, and elongation are not less than 51.03 HRC, 1,671 MPa, and 8.75%, respectively. The application of RSM is notably successful in predicting the process parameters of hot forming.


Spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus , are unusual muroid rodents in that females produce spontaneously active corpora lutea during estrous cycles. Their copulatory behavior is characterized by an incipient lock, no intravaginal thrusting, multiple intromissions preceding ejaculation, and multiple ejaculations, but with a low number of ejaculations per test. Hopping mice, Notomys alexis , are unusual with respect to the small testis size, reduced complement of accessory glands, and large penile spines, all of which combine to predict a locking pattern of copulation. As predicted, hopping mice display a true lock. They also display a lack of both intravaginal thrusting and multiple intromissions, and generally cease copulating with the occurrence of the first lock. These and supplementary data can be combined to generate a prediction of monogamy in the field for hopping mice and a similar, but much weaker, tendency for spiny mice.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective clinical review of patients with atlanto-occipital dislocations.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if fusion of the occiput to C1 can be accomplished without extension to the axis.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Patients with atlanto-occipital dislocations who have preservation of spinal cord function are quite rare. The standard approach to stabilization has been fusion of the occiput to the axis (C2). This may compromise rotation unnecessarily, however. The authors investigated the success of attempting to fuse only the occiput to C1 in children.

METHODS
Two children with atlanto-occipital dislocation who had normal neurologic function underwent fusion from the occiput to the atlas after reduction.

RESULTS
Both cases showed successful fusion with no unwanted extension to lower levels. Full head rotation was preserved.

CONCLUSIONS
This technique restores stability without restricting rotation.


Pulmonary edema is a rare complication of pre-eclampsia. We report a case of severe pre-eclampsia and pulmonary edema, managed under general anesthesia for caesarean section followed by elective ventilation in intensive care unit. Introduction Acute pulmonary edema affects about 0.05% women during pregnancy and post partum, with pre eclampsia and eclampsia as the major cause. Hypertensive disease of pregnancy affects approximately 15% of pregnant women. Pre‐ eclampsia is a multisystem major cardiovascular disease of pregnancy with hypertension its main clinical manifestation. 1,2 Acute pulmonary oedema, which signifies severe disease, is a leading cause of death in women with pre‐ eclampsia. It is characterised by sudden‐ onset breathlessness, may be accompanied by agitation, and is often the serious clinical manifestation of a variety of pathophysiological processes. Acute pulmonary oedema may be caused by a variety of perturbations of any one of the key determinates of cardiovascular function and fluid flow into the pulmonary interstitium. 4 The pathogenesis of pulmonary edema complicating pre-eclampsia and eclampsia is a subject of extensive investigation. The patients with pre-eclampsia usually have generalised arterial vasospasm resulting in an increased systemic vascular resistance (increased after load), reduced plasma volume (decreased pre-load), and increased left ventricular stroke work index (hyperdynamic heart). 5 Here we report a case of pregnant parturient with pre eclampsia complicated by acute pulmonary edema presented to the emergency department with respiratory failure and acidosis. Case Report A 28 years old primigravida presented to the emergency department at 36 weeks gestation. She http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v9i2.05


Self-consistent dynamics of the multi-component, N -field quintessence and gravity is formulated as relativistic N -body dynamics, embedded in a static viscous flat space and under the forces given by the interacting Lorentz scalar potential via exchanges of field bosons. The Ratra-Peebles power-law potential of effective single-field quintessence can be derived from this "microscopic" perspective. In certain situations, the effective dynamics can be made identical to that of single complex quintessence, except for that the overall U(1) symmetry is not manifestly broken. The present formulation provides a convenient gauge for analyzing superhorizon perturbations and possibly for quantization of superhorizon fields and gravity together. PACS numbers: Typeset using REVTEX 1


This paper discusses the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Self-Assessment Procedures and their use for professional development. A background and history of the Procedures is presented, including a statement of intention and philosophy along with a list of currently available Procedures. The use of the Self- Assessment Procedures by individuals is described, along with ideas for use in ACM Chapter professional development programs. Three group uses of the Procedures are presented: the distribution of the Procedures in packets (particularly to new members); the formation of self-assessment workshops; and, the use of the Procedures in a CDP review course. The authors advocate the use of self-assessment as a precursor to any professional development program.


The electromagnetic field in a nonlinear magnetodielectric medium is quantized by modeling the medium with two quantum fields, namely E and M. The vector potential, electric and magnetic polarization densities of the medium, Maxwell and constitutive equations of the medium are found.


Objective To investigate the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β) in rat endbrain and hippocampi with chronic aluminum poisoning.Methods Sixty female SD rats,6 months old,were randomly divided into normal group,aluminum taking orally group and intraperitoneal injection aluminum group,20 rats in each group.Normal group was fed with general forage.Aluminum taking orally group was given forage containing AlCl3·6H2O 25 mg·g-1.Intraperitoneal injection aluminum group was injected sterilized 9 g·L-1 AlCl3·6H2O solution,3 times a week.Three months later,rats were sacrificed by femoral artery bleeding.The expression of GSK-3β protein in hippocampus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the expression of GSK-3β gene in endbrain and hippocampi was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with the normal group,GSK-3β mRNA showed higher expression in the rat endbrain and hippocampi in both aluminum taking orally group and intraperitoneal injection aluminum group(P0.05).The expression of GSK-3β mRNA in intraperitoneal injection aluminum group was higher than that in aluminum taking orally group(P0.05).Compared with the normal group,there was no significantly difference of GSK-3β protein expression in hippocampi in both aluminum taking orally group and intraperitoneal injection aluminum group(P0.05).Conclusion GSK-3β gene expression level in rat`s endbrain and hippocampi obviously increase after chronic aluminum poisoning.


Polymer Bonded Explosives (PBX) are well-known explosives for the weapons, especially for the parts of some important weapon. Generally, they first are modelled in cylinder. One of the most important issues in PBX cylinder properties is the detection of its flaw. Each PBX cylinder may have flaws that influence the security, machine-performance and other important physical or chemical performance. Its detection can be made by ultrasonic testing techniques. The ultrasonic (US) testing is based on the fact that the ultrasonic wave is able to distinguish different acoustic impedances when there is the different medium inside the cylinder. The special purpose sensors ranging from 1.25MHz to 5MHz were used to emit/receive the ultrasonic signals. When the US pulse wave propagates from the first surface in the PBX, part of the pulse is propagated back to the transducer owed to the flaw interface. The other part of US pulse wave goes forward and reaches the next surface, this signal eventually goes back to the transducer. These signals containing the flaw information are recorded for analysis. Based on processing the signals by means of the wavelet transform, we can distinguish the flaw with the frequency change of flaw echo and verify the central frequency of the transducer, obtain the accurate part frequency of the signals with which is concerned, and also accurately measure the signal absolute value (amplitude) depending on the effective frequency. The accuracy obtained will encourage its implementation for nondestructive testing of the PBX's flaw. Introduction: Polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) are the main charge explosives used in nuclear warheads and they are designed to detonate reliably to bring about nuclear implosion. PBXs are highly filled composite materials of crystalline high explosive in a polymeric binder matrix. Generally, they first are molded in cylinder or other shapes. The polymer binder provides structural integrity and mechanical strength. One of the most important issues in PBXs' cylinder properties is the detection of its flaw. The facts implicate that defects (or change of the location density) or flaws in PBX's cylinder will affect its security, machine-performance and other important physical performances. Its detection can be made by ultrasonic testing techniques [1]. This work presents an ultrasonic pulse-echo method based on wavelet analysis, which is developed for determining possible defects or flaws in each JOB-9003 PBX's cylinder or others. Ultrasonic Methodology Based on Wavelet Analysis: The ultrasonic pulse-echo technique is based on the fact that the ultrasonic wave is able to distinguish different acoustic impedances when there is the different medium inside the JOB-9003 explosive cylinder. When the US pulse wave propagates from the first surface in the JOB-9003 cylinder, part of the pulse is back propagated to the transducer owed to the flaw interface, the other part of US pulse wave goes forward and reaches the next surface, this signal eventually goes back to the transducer. These signals containing the flaw information are recorded for analysis. The utilization of wavelet transform (WT) is widespread and an attractive signal processing technique for nondestructive evaluation of material characterization. The WT has already been shown as a useful tool for the interpretation and the enhancement of ultrasonic data [2,3,4]. In this paper, the WT theory is briefly introduced and its application to ultrasonic testing (UT) of JOB-9003 cylinder is explained. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is defined as the sum over all time of the signal multiplied by scaled, shifted versions of the wavelet function Ψ(t). Scaling a wavelet simply means stretching (or compressing) it, shifting a wavelet means delaying (or hastening) its onset. The CWT or continuous-time wavelet transform of function S(t) with respect to a wavelet Ψ(t) is defined as follows[5]:


It is essential to maintain a ratio between privacy protection and knowledge discovery. Internet users depend daily on SSL/HTPS for secure communication on internet. Over the years, many attacks on the certificate trust model it uses have been evolved. Mutual SSL authentication shared verification alludes to two parties validating each other through checking the digital certificate so that both sides are guaranteed of the other's identity. In technical terms, it alludes to a client (web program or client application) authenticate themselves to the server (server application) and that server likewise confirming itself to the client through checking the general public key certificate issued by trusted Certificate Authorities (CA). Since confirmation depends on computerized Certificate, certification authorities, for example, Verisign or Microsoft Declaration Server are a critical part of mutual authentication process. From an abnormal state perspective, the way toward authenticating and setting up an encrypted channel using certificate-based mutual SSL authentication.


High consumption of alcoholic and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) remains a public health problem among the young adults. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and consumption pattern of alcohol and SSBs among the undergraduate students. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge, attitude and consumption pattern of the students regarding the negative social and health implications of excessive consumption of alcohol and SSBs from 376 undergraduate students from the University of Ibadan. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square at P<0.05 was considered significant. The mean age of the students was 22.5±2.3 years. Large proportion (83.0% and 86.7%) had adequate knowledge of the health implications of excessive consumption of alcohol and SSBs respectively. Majority (85.4%) had positive attitude towards intake of alcoholic drinks while 83.5% had negative attitude towards the intake of SSBs. Majority (83.0%) of the respondents considered high intake of alcoholic drinks as dangerous to health while only 32.5% considered regular consumption of SSBs as dangerous to health. Majority (75.0%, 63.3% and 79.3%) of the respondents abstained from intake of beers, alcoholic wines and spirits respectively. Significant relationship was observed between the knowledge of social and health implication of excessive consumption of alcohol and the abstinence of the participants (p<0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between frequent consumption of SSBs by the respondents and being overweight (P<0.05). Knowledge of the undergraduate students on the social and health implication of excessive consumption of alcohol and sugar sweetened beverages was adequate. Majority had negative attitude towards alcohol intake but positive attitude towards the intake of sugar sweetened beverages. Frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages could contribute to being overweight. Nutrition education to encourage healthful dietary practices regarding the intake of sugar sweetened beverages should be intensified.


This paper documents an attempt to support parents and children in co-creating dynamic, fun and consistent bedtime routines through immersive and interactive storytelling. The proposed system, Iyagi, would be designed to ease the friction experienced by parents and children as they transition from evening activities into the bedtime routine as well as move between different stages and spaces within the bedtime routine. The key features of Iyagi would include: (1) Unfolding of a story across multiple rooms in which key bedtime activities take place; (2) Incorporating the physical space, projection of stories, objects, and the parent and child into the story; (3) Unique interactions with tangible objects, tied to the immersive story; (4) Natural interactions through voice, motion and tangible interactions; (5) Progressively calming activities and environments to ease children to sleep. The work presented follows a non-linear process that moved back and forth between user-centered research, idea generation, prototyping and evaluation. Outlined in this paper are learnings and insights from research that evolved into a proof-of-concept prototype. We've also included preliminary thoughts on opportunities for future development of the concept.


Institutional investors may be defined as specialized financial institutions that manage savings collectively on behalf of small investors toward specific objectives. Aim of this study is to investigate the factors that affect investment preferences of institutional investors toward ISE companies. Empirical analysis is performed by employing cross-sectional regression model. In the regression model, estimated for the years, 2005, 2006 and 2007, institutional ownership in each company is used as dependent variable, while firm characteristics are used as independent variables. Firm characteristics are, cumulative one-year stock return, standard deviation of stock returns, market value, leverage ratio, firm age, turnover ratio, return-on-assets, dividend payment dummy and ISE-100 index dummy. Analysis results suggest that institutional investors invest prudently in ISE companies. Institutional investors seem to prefer companies with big scale, low level of total risk and stock liquidity, high level of return-on-assets and companies included in ISE- 100 index. Institutional investors' preference toward dividend paying and old companies appear to be less evident. On the other hand, institutional investors do not seem to have an explicit investment pattern related with companies' recent stock returns and capital structures.


Some instructors record letter grades for tests and assignments, and others record numerical values, often the percent correct on tests. Later, under either method, the grades are averaged, often employing a weighting process designed to make some grades count more heavily than others. Discussion of the merits of different approaches usually centers around the question of whether it is better to average letter or numerical grades or around some feature of the weighting process.


The identification of spectral lines is an important topic of DSP(Digital Signal Processing).The occurrence of discrete spectral lines can be decided by means of real spectral characteristic of complete symmetrical window. The frequency, amplitude and phase of discrete spectral lines can be calculated through two DFT analyses one after another, which are one complex time domain signal analysis virtually. The method of discrete spectral line identification presented in this paper applies to the precise spectral analysis of all kinds of periodic time domain signals.


Absolute population estimates, based on emergence trapping, were made for the seedcorn maggot, Hylemya platura (Meigen) (Diptera; Anthomyiidae), during germination in 4 typical Iowa soybean tillage systems (fall moldboard plow, fall chisel plow, till-plant, and no-tillage). The emergence trapping method gave acceptable levels of precision for an intensive sampling program. Although significant differences in emergence were found between tillage systems, numbers of seedcorn maggots present were not a serious problem in any system. Emergence was greatest in the fall chisel-plow system, followed by the till-plant system. Emergence in the no-till and fall moldboard-plow systems was similar. Comparisons of emergence between within-row and between-row areas in these systems suggested that germinating soybeans were not attractive for oviposition under field conditions. Surface corn residue and soil moisture were not significant factors influencing oviposition and development.


Recently, A demand of application transmitting real time image is increasing suddenly because of the progress of wireless communication technology. but transmission error crease a packet loss in wireless environment in result, it decline a continuous video quality, when decoding a image compressed by video codec. thus, we propose new method improving video quality in wireless error environment using h.263 codec and koinonia


This article reviews the literature on thermochemical processing of municipal solid waste as the final disposal in Brazil, explores recent publications in the field of solid waste generated, its origin, characteristics and removal mechanisms currently employed, in the same way , available technologies for the thermochemical treatment of MSW with an emphasis on gasification and clean technology are evaluated, highlighting the current technical and reported in the literature in order to identify indicators of efficiency and flexibility of the technology. From the review it is concluded that gasification is a technically feasible option for the thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste and subsequent power generation, besides being a technology that meets the applicable emission limits. Some of the main advantages of gasification of municipal solid waste are: (a) the sharp reduction in the waste mass (about 70-80%) and volume (approximately 80-90%); (b) the drastic reduction in land use, 1:3000; (c) destruction of organic pollutants and other halogenated hydrocarbons; (d) concentration and immobilisation of inorganic contaminants so that they can be used effectively and safely removed; (e) use recyclables, such as ferrous metals, ferrous ash and slag materials; (f) reducing emissions of greenhouse gases by anaerobic decomposition of organic waste and (g) power generation.


In this paper we make explicit the relationship that exists between a set of structural reforms –as those undertaken in Argentina at the beginnings of the nineties- and the growth process that they generate. It is argued that such reforms, and particularly those related to the external sector, improve the efficiency in resource allocation and hence bring about an increase in the marginal productivity of the existing per capita capital stock. This improvement in efficiency puts the economy on a growth path having either temporary or permanent characteristics. In this model, as in other intertemporal paradigms of open economies with optimizing agents, the country resorts to the international credit market in order to finance higher consumption and investment levels. The paper also offers empirical evidence on a set of countries which implemented reforms deemed to be successful in terms of the evolution of the key economic variables, that is, the rate of per capita gross domestic product, the gross inve


It introduced a method to design the straight toothed spur gear with parameters by pro/E2001,deduced the equations,and get the model So to get a new gear,it just need to change the parameters.This makes the gear design become simple,and avoids the repeat work.


At the time of the implementation of the food program in the Tiakar Sub-District, there was no information available on the criteria that would make the head of a family eligible to be a recipient of assistance, even though this was very important so that the government's goal of fulfilling the need for nutritious food could be felt by those who really needed it. The purpose of this study was to classify the heads of families in Tiakar Subdistrict as eligible or not eligible to receive staple foods using the K-Nearest Neighbor method. This study uses interview data conducted with the heads of families in the Tiakar Village. The data analysis step is to divide the data into training data and test data by 80%:20%, determine the number of nearest neighbours, calculate the dissimilarity distance and choose a class, calculate the level of accuracy using the confusion matrix and then choose the optimal K. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the K value that was good to use in the classification of family heads in Tiakar Subdistrict was K=3 because it had an accuracy percentage of 95%.


The aim of the present study was to analyze the diversity of spiders across various parts of the Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala, a tropical, semi evergreen, low-land forest located between the tributaries of the Periyarriver. Survey of the spider fauna was carried out for a period of twelve months. In total, 3286 individuals were collected from the sanctuary, which consist of 89 species of spiders under 59 genera and 18 families. Araneidae was the most abundant family. The most abundant species was Hippasa agelenoides of Lycosidae family. Spiders belonging to six feeding guilds, i.e., orb - web weavers, stalkers, ground runners, scattered line weaver foliage runners and ambushers were identified. Relative abundances of spider community strongly differed with the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Seasonal diversity indices of Margalef richness index, Pielou's evenness index, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index were calculated.


PurposeBy limited proteolysis of β NGF, to separate the key domain which can behave like intact nerve growth factor.Methodsβ NGF was treated with cyanogen bromide and trypsin. The fragment with the activity inducing PC12 pheochromocytoma cell differentiation was isolated and purified by Sephadex G 50 gel filtration chromatography,DE52 cellulose ion exchange chromatography and reversed phase HPLC.ResultsThe novel peptide consisted of two linear oligopeptides :16peptide,GEFSVCDSVSVWVGDK and 14 peptide,HWNSYCTTTHTFVK, linked by a disulphide bridge corresponding to residues 10~25 and 75~88 of the amino acid sequence of β NGF. The result of biological activity assay on PC12 cells showed that the optimum concentration was 0.001~0.1 ng/ml.ConclusionA novel peptide was obtained which could induce PC12 pheochromocytoma cell differentiation like nerve growth factor.


In this lecture, we will study a simple model for data compression. The compression algorithms will be constrained to be "lossless" meaning that there should be a corresponding decoding algorithm that recovers the original data exactly. We will study the limits of such compression, which ties to the notion of entropy. We will also study a simple algorithm for compression when the input text arrives one symbol at a time.


There are 686 species of shrub,belonging to 228 genus and 74 families,in Northesetern area in Fjuian,The results show that this flora has more tropical compenents,more small families small genus and signular genus,and less large families and genus,And this flora has most close relationship with that of Guangdong and Guangxi,this result means that this flora inclines to that of south China.


The topic of noise attenuation through a facade with an open window has received little attention, especially within Australia. The objective of this study was to obtain field measured noise reduction data for facades with open windows at Queensland style residences, specifically those with timber, brick veneer and double brick facade constructions. This investigation targeted the Leq and Lmax noise descriptors, using road traffic noise and car door slams as the noise sources. To investigate this topic, a simultaneous multiple microphone method was developed using adapted testing procedures outlined in both AS 2702 "Acoustics – Methods for the measurement of road traffic noise" and ISO 140-5 "Acoustics – Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements".This study has obtained noise reduction results which can be compared to the 5 dB(A) open window attenuation correction presented by the Queensland Government's "Planning for Noise Control Guideline" (PNCG) and the Brisbane City Councils "Noise Impact Assessment Planning Scheme Policy" (NIAPSP). The results of this investigation were also compared with internal noise prediction methods currently available to be used by acoustic consultants.


The advent of greater environmental concern has limited the industrial use of conventional fossil fuel feedstocks, leading to a shift towards bio-based feedstocks that are equally complex. These alternative sources are typically characterized by a multitude of components and variability in composition. This poses a challenge in developing reliable models of the reactions in the system, which are necessary to maintain optimal downstream requirements and requires expert domain knowledge. In this work, we aim to establish an automated protocol to infer reaction network hypotheses for such complex systems based on spectroscopic information, tensor decomposition and machine learning frameworks thereby obviating the need for human expert knowledge. The routine is validated on the processing of biomass and its model compounds.


A genetic model for triploid endosperm traits was proposed on the basis of diallel cross system to analyze additive by additive epistasis of direct effect (AA) and maternal effect (AmAm) along with direct additive effect, dominance effect, cytoplasm effect, as well as maternal additive and dominance effects. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to test the estimation of genetic parameters and robust of this genetic model. Unbiased estimation of the variance components for single trait and covariance components between two traits can be obtained by using minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) method for both balanced design and unbalanced design without significant difference. A worked example was used to illuminate the application of analyzing additive by additive epistatic variation.


Objective:To study the changes of blood superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels in patients with severe brain injury after treatment with moderate hypothermia.Methods:42 patients with severe brain injury were divided into two groups,moderate hypothermia(33~35℃)group and normothermia group.The blood SOD levels were determined 3 and 7 days after brain injury.Results:①The blood SOD levels of moderate hypothermia group were much higher than those of the normothermia group at the first and third days after brain injury( P 0.01);②Acccording to GOS,prognoses of the moderate hypothermia group were more favourable than those of the normothermia group( P 0.01).Conclusion:The moderate hypothermia treatment may have inhibitive effects on the production of free radical oxidation and the lipid peroxidation responses and therefore play a neuroprotective action. ( J Hangzhou Med Coll,2000,21:183~185 )


The prescriptions provided by the codes of practice for the assessment of the minimum reinforcement amount in reinforced concrete beams usually disregard the nonlinear contribution of concrete in tension and the size-scale effects. In the present paper, these phenomena are correctly taken into account in the description of the flexural failure in lightly reinforced concrete beams by means of a numerical algorithm based on Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics. In this context, the application of Dimensional Analysis permits a reduction in the number of the governing parameters. In particular, it is analytically demonstrated that only two nondimensional parameters, NP and s, are responsible for the brittle-to-ductile transition in the mechanical response. According to this approach, a new formula suitable for the evaluation of the minimum reinforcement in practical applications is proposed. A comparison with experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.


In this study we explored the use of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and Eye-Tracking (ET) technology both as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) tool and to assess cognitive deficits. Specifically, we focused on the possible development of a neuropsychological battery for cognitive assessment based on the integration of BCI and ET tools. To preliminary test this approach we assessed eight healthy subjects with a widespread used cognitive task. AAC and usability of both instruments have also been evaluated with the aim to fine-tune the overall system architecture for clinical use.


The invention relates to the field of items that can adhere to the skin for medical or paramedical use. The invention relates to a skin-adhesive item.


Map showing the state of Texas (shaded in yellow) and surrounding areas. Some regions and towns are noted, as well as geographic features with relief shown by hachures. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.


The capacity region of the -sender Gaussian multiple access channel with feedback is not known in general. This paper studies the class of linear-feedback codes that includes (nonlinear) nonfeedback codes at one extreme and the linear-feedback codes by Schalkwijk and Kailath, Ozarow, and Kramer at the other extreme. The linear-feedback sum-capacity under symmetric power constraints is characterized, the maximum sum-rate achieved by linear-feedback codes when each sender has the equal block power constraint . In particular, it is shown that Kramer's code achieves this linear-feedback sum-capacity. The proof involves the dependence balance condition introduced by Hekstra and Willems and extended by Kramer and Gastpar, and the analysis of the resulting nonconvex optimization problem via a Lagrange dual formulation. Finally, an observation is presented based on the properties of the conditional maximal correlation-an extension of the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Rényi maximal correlation-which reinforces the conjecture that Kramer's code achieves not only the linear-feedback sum-capacity, but also the sum-capacity itself (the maximum sum-rate achieved by arbitrary feedback codes).


The chloride penetration and capillary water absorption of concrete with different water-binder ratios (w/b) and different sizes of coarse aggregate were studied as well as the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The mechanism of the size effect of coarse aggregate on the permeability of concrete was explored. The results show that the negative effect of porous ITZ in concrete with a lower w/b is more significant, while a larger size of the coarse aggregate can decrease the volume fraction of the ITZ and reduce the content of harmful pores in concrete. Based on this study, the impermeability of concrete with coarse aggregates of 0.19 to 1.00 in. (4.75 to 25.0 mm) is optimal. Conversely, the tortuosity effect of aggregate in concrete with a higher w/b becomes prominent so that aggregate that is too large can shorten the permeation path, increase the porosity and macropore content and the trend of the orientation growth of calcium hydroxide (CH) crystals in the ITZ. Under this condition, aggregate with a size of 0.19 to 0.75 in. (4.75 to 19.0 mm) is preferred.


The invention discloses a standardized operation intelligent control method in power system and a special device thereof. An ordinary intelligent mobile phone integrates an image collecting unit, a standardized operation database and an expert database module that connect with a data processing analysis software respectively, information processed by the data processing analysis software connects with an audio prompt and message alarm module, and a wireless data transmission unit respectively, the wireless data transmission unit connects with a monitor host in remote control data processing center. The device disclosed by the invention has reasonable structure, good popularity, can guide, control and monitor worker accomplishing various electrical equipment operation and work according with work flow trustily, can be used as secondary device for connecting with a system host through a wireless interface. The device can be widely used in electric power plant, transformer substation, transmission and distribution line, standardized operation of local operation and construction in other industry field.


Blood stasis and phlegm stagnancy were the important pathogenic factor of VD.Stagnant blood obstructed brain and phlegm covered the upper orifices were important pathological component elements in VD,and the marrow spoiled by toxin which is resulted from prolong of blood stasis and phlegm stagnation were the focus pathogenic in the development of VD.Therefore,the author suggested protecting brain by clear toxin,active blood circulation and resolve phlegm which were considered as effective methods be the basic principle treatment of VD.


Ti-6Al-4V is one of the most commonly used titanium alloy. The applications involve in the area of aerospace, chemical engineering, biomedical implants, marine industries, etc. The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an unconventional machining process. It is widely used to produce complex profiles on electrically conductive materials. Near-dry EDM is a process variant of the EDM process. Generally, it uses water-air mixture as a dielectric medium. Near-dry EDM is an environment friendly process. In this investigation near-dry EDM of Ti-6AL-4V was investigated with glycerin-air dielectric medium. The one-factor-at-a-time approach was used for experimentation. The process parameters selected for experimentation were current, duty factor, lift setting, sensitivity setting, flushing pressure, liquid flow rate and gap control. The responses measured were material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The experimental results revealed that glycerin-air dielectric medium produced higher MRR with fine surface finish even at higher current and wear ratio of the process was also less than 1%.


THERE HAS BEEN CONSIDERABLE AGITATION IN RECENT YEARS FOR HIGHWAYS DESIGNED TO PERMIT "SAFE DRIVING" AT HIGH SPEEDS. IT IS CLAIMED THAT MUCH OF OUR MAIN ROAD SYSTEM IS OBSOLETE, AND THAT WE NEED TO BUILD SAFETY INTO THE HIGHWAYS TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE ACCOMODATIONS FOR MODERN HIGH SPEED TRAFFIC. SPEEDS OF 90 TO 100 M.P.H. TODAY AND EVEN HIGHER SPEEDS IN THE FUTURE ARE ADVOCATED BY CERTAIN ENGINEERS AS PROPER BASED FOR SUCH DESIGN. IN DISCUSSING THESE PROPOSALS IT IS POINTED OUT THAT THERE ARE OTHER ROAD REQUIREMENTS THAN THOSE OF THE SUPERHIGHWAY, AND THAT AVAILABLE FUNDS MUST BE DISTRIBUTED EQUITABLY AMONG ALL CLASSES OF HIGHWAYS. THERE MAY BE A NET LOSS IN EXCESSIVE VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS RESULTING FROM HIGH-SPEED TRAVEL, AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ARE KNOWN TO BE NUMEROUS M THE SO-CALLED "SAFE" STRAIGHTAWAY STRETCHES WHERE HIGHER SPEEDS ARE POSSIBLE. IT IS FELT THAT NONE BUT A FEW VERY EXPERIENCED DRIVERS ARE REALLY CAPABLE OF DRIVING SAFELY AT SPEEDS OVER 50 TO 60 M.P.H., AND THAT THE EDUCATION AND SELECTION OF DRIVERS IS OF FAR GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN THE PROVISION OF SPEEDWAYS. ONE OF THE GREATEST PROBLEMS NOW CONFRONTING HIGHWAY OFFICIALS IS THE RELIEF OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION, AND MAXIMUM CAPACITY ON HIGHWAYS OF HEAVY TRAFFIC IS ATTAINED AT SPEEDS AT LESS THAN 50 M.P.H. ALTHOUGH THE LAYING OUT OF HIGHWAYS SHOULD INCLUDE ALL THE IMPROVEMENTS OF DESIGN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE, THERE APPEARS TO BE NO JUSTIFICATION FOR DESIGNING HIGH-SPEED ROADS WHEN SUCH DESIGN WILL ENTAIL ADDITIONAL EXPENDITURES FOR CONSTRUCTION. IT IS INCONCEIVABLE THAT ANY CONSIDERABLE VOLUME OF TRAFFIC WILL MOVE OVER A HIGHWAY AT SPEEDS IN EXCESS OF 50 TO 60 M.P.H. /AUTHOR/


The deployment of new nodes is often required in order to extend the lifetime of the sensor network because sensor network may be lost due to power exhaustion problem or deployment of malicious nodes by an attacker. To protect malicious nodes from joining the network, designing of access control schemes becomes a major challenging problem. In this paper, we first review the Huang-Liu's access control scheme. Though their scheme is energy efficient requiring low computational and communication overheads, but we show that their scheme is insecure against node replication attacks as well as it does not provide the mutual authentication between the base station (BS) and sensor nodes. We aim to propose a new efficient and secure access control scheme in order to remedy such security weaknesses found in Huang-Liu's scheme. Our proposed scheme makes use of only the one-way hash function and bitwise XOR operations for providing the authentication and key establishment. Our scheme also requires significantly less communication and computational costs as compared to other related schemes. We show through both informal and formal security analysis that our scheme has the ability to tolerate various known attacks. We further simulate our scheme for formal security verification using the widely accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool and we show that our scheme is secure against passive as well as active attacks.


One of the major innovations in the institutional set-up of the European Union enacted by the Lisbon Treaty was the establishment of an elected Presidency to head the European Council. This office was set up to ensure the coherence and continuity of the Council's work. Indeed, for decades observers have lamented the lack of an office ensuring the continuity of the Council's work, not least in the legislative field. The reform of the Council and the question of a longer term of the Council Presidency was also an important topic in the Convention on the Future of Europe, which laid the groundwork for the Lisbon Treaty. The result was, however, a hybrid. While the Presidency of the European Council was extended, the Presidency at the ministerial and working group level continues to rotate every six months between member states (with the exception of foreign policy). This change is unlikely to markedly increase the continuity of the Council's legislative activities. Since its founding in the 1950s, the European Union 1 has faced an increasingly complex legislative environment. The scope of its competences has increased drastically, its membership has risen nearly fivefold and the set-up of its legislative decision-making procedures has become more sophisticated. In light of the near-doubling of its membership in 2004, the Union embarked on a major overhaul of its institutions. Tony Blair aptly summarized a common feeling before enlargement: '… we cannot do business like this in the future' (cited in Norman 2005: 16). Throughout the history of the Union, the Council of Ministers has been the crucial linchpin through which all legislation has to pass to be enacted. Consequently, all discussion on institutional reform included changes to the workings of the Council.


Dual-wavelength laser is used in many fields,but there are few reports on the continuous wave(CW) lasing of dual-wavelength in a single laser crystal with high power output.Based on the theory of dual-wavelength,the optimal transmissivity of the cavity mirrors and the intracavity diffraction loss are got,in the four cavity mirror two cavities configuration,a dual-wavelength CW diode-side-pumped Nd∶YAG laser that generates simultaneously laser action at the wavelengths of(1064 nm) and(1319 nm) is demonstrated. The relationship between power ratio of the two wavelengths and cavity length is studied and an approach to suppressing the lasing of(1338 nm) is given.The CW dual-wavelength output power reaches as high as(45 W) when the average pump power is more than(500 W.) The output power of respective wavelength exceeds(20 W.) The beam qualities M~2 of(1064 nm) and(1319 nm) are 32 and 39,respectively.The output power instability of each wavelength is less than 5%.


Rule 478 of the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 1999 (Qld)(view by court) is silent as to the manner in which a court might be expected to exercise the discretion to order an inspection or demonstration under the rule and also as to the use which may be made of any inspection or demonstration ordered. The decision in Matton Developments Pty Ltd v CGU Insurance Limited [2014] QSC 256 provides guidance on both matters. This case provides some guidance on the circumstances in which a court may exercise its discretion to order a view or demonstration


In August 2009, a group from the AABB (Stramer et al., Transfusion 2009;99:1S–29S, Emerging Infectious Disease Agents and their Potential Threat to Transfusion Safety; http://www.aabb.org/resources/bct/eid/Pages/default.aspx) published a Supplement to Transfusion that reviewed emerging infectious disease (EID) agents that pose a real or theoretical threat to transfusion safety, but for which an existing effective intervention is lacking. The necessary attributes for transfusion transmission were outlined including: presence of the agent in blood during the donor's asymptomatic phase, the agent's survival/persistence in blood during processing/storage, and lastly that the agent must be recognized as responsible for a clinically apparent outcome in at least a proportion of recipients who become infected. Without these attributes, agents are not considered as a transfusion‐transmission threat and were excluded. Sixty‐eight such agents were identified with enough evidence/likelihood of transfusion transmission (e.g., blood phase) and potential for clinical disease to warrant further consideration. In the Supplement, Fact Sheets (FS) were published providing information on: agent classification; disease agent's importance; clinical syndromes/diseases caused; transmission modes (including vectors/reservoirs); likelihood of transfusion transmission, and if proven to be transfusion‐transmitted, information on known cases; the feasibility/predicted success of interventions for donor screening (questioning) and tests available for diagnostics/ adapted for donor screening; and finally, the efficacy, if known, of inactivation methods for plasma‐derived products. The Supplement included a separate section on pathogen reduction using published data. Agents were prioritized relative to their scientific/epidemiologic threat and their perceived threat to the community including concerns expressed by the regulators of blood. Agents given the highest priority due to a known transfusion‐transmission threat and severe/fatal disease in recipients were the vCJD prion, dengue viruses and the obligate red‐cell parasite that causes babesiosis (B. microti and related Babesia). Although the focus of the Supplement was towards the United States and Canada, many of the agents (and the process) are applicable worldwide.


This study examines the characteristics of marketing and customer that influence the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use) in the fashion retail. The subjects of this study are men and women live in Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do in their 20s-40s who have shopping experiences in fashion items of more than 2 shopping channels among offline stores, catalogs, and the internet. The survey period was from March to May 2010 and 411 forms were used in this survey. The data were analyzed by a reliability analysis (Cronbach`s ), a factor analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, marketing characteristics, which effect the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use), consist of sales promotion, service, price, merchandise, and distribution. Those have a significant influence (***p.001) on choosing multichannel of fashion retail. Price has a significant impact on the preference of multichannel and merchandise affect for frequency of use in multichannel shopping. Second, customer characteristics have a significant influence (***p.001) on the monthly average purchasing amount, shopping hours, shopping frequency, brand knowledge, and price sensitivity. Particularly, monthly average purchasing amount & shopping frequency have meaningful differences in the frequency of using multichannel; in addition, shopping hours were affected by preference & frequency of use. Price sensitivity has a greater influence on the frequency of using multichannel and brand knowledge has a greater effect on multichannel preference. Customer`s information searching characteristics have main 3 factors through the use of marketing information, personal information and experience information. Application of experience information is the main factor in preference and frequency of using multichannel shopping. The customer demographic characteristics of age (*p.05, **p.01) and gender (*p.05) show a difference for selecting multichannel. There is no difference for marital status, average household income per month, and job.


The relaxation of the Ag(110) surface was studied by high-energy ion scattering. We find the first-layer spacing contracted by (7.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5)% and the second-layer spacing increased by (4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5)%. The sensitivity of these results to assumptions of surface vibrations is explored. It is shown that the nearest-neighbor spacing at the surface (i.e., the spacing between the first and third layers) is contracted by (3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)%, and this result is almost independent of the surface Debye temperature. The results are consistent with the body of data indicating large, multilayer relaxation in (110)fcc surfaces.


This work aims to detect the two signal events in the elicitation of plant defense responses and secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures by low‐energy ultrasound (US), transient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the oxidative burst and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and examine their influence on secondary metabolism. Experiments were carried out in Taxus chinensis cell suspension culture which produces the anticancer diterpenoid Taxol (paclitaxel). The culture was exposed to low‐frequency US for a short period of time (2 min). At sufficiently high US power levels the US exposure significantly enhanced the Taxol production and slightly depressed cell growth and viability. The US exposure induced transient production of O  2•‐ and H2O2 and an increase in the intracellular JA level as well as the activities of enzymes for JA synthesis, lipoxygenase (LOX), and allene oxide synthase (AOS). Inhibition of the ROS production by putative ROS scavengers or the JA accumulation by LOX inhibitors effectively suppressed the US‐stimulated Taxol production. Inhibition of the ROS production also suppressed the US‐induced JA accumulation. These results suggest that oxidative burst is an upstream event to JA accumulation, and both ROS from the oxidative burst and JA from the LOX pathway are key signal elements in the elicitation of Taxol production of T. chinensis cells by low‐energy US. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Complexity of a Boolean function is the amount of memory needed to represent the function. For example, a function of n variables requires O(2) bits to be represented in the form of a truth table. Other forms of representation, such as Boolean circuits can be much more succinct for certain classes of functions. Understanding the complexity of a particular representation for a particular class of functions is very important from both theoretical and applied perspectives. I came to this field through my interest in knowledge representation. In this field knowledge is often represented in a propositional form. This representation is nothing else than a Boolean function. There are two quite contradictory requirements to this Boolean function. On the one hand, the representation should be sufficiently concise to be recorded in a computer memory. On the other hand, this representation should allow efficient querying. There is no universally good solution. However, a few reasonable representations reconciliating the above requirements have been proposed. It is important to study upper and lower bounds of these representations to understand the classes of functions they can represent and the classes they cannot.


A manufacturing method of a flash memory device is provided to simplify a manufacturing process by forming a source contact and a drain contact at the same time when performing a gate forming process. A gate insulating layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate(100). A contact hole is formed on a gate insulating layer(102). A first conductive layer(108) is formed on the gate insulating layer. A dielectric layer(110) is formed on the first conductive layer. A contact hole is formed on the dielectric layer. A second conductive layer(116) is formed above the entire structure including the dielectric layer. A memory cell, a selection transistor and a contact plug are formed by patterning the second conductive layer, the dielectric layer and the first conductive layer.


The paper contains experimental values of the optical constants, for the wave-length range 4000-10,000 A., of copper-nickel alloys ranging in composition from pure copper to pure nickel. The significance of the results is discussed briefly.


The provision of water for plants is a major component supporting the success of planting on dry land. One source of water that can be utilized is groundwater. This study aims to determine the use of groundwater in supporting the cultivation of groundnut, corn and soybeans on dry land during dry season. The study used plots of farmers' land to grow groundnut, corn and soybeans complete with technology packages for each commodity. The application of technology includes cultivating groundnut by farmers and cultivating groundnut, corn and soybeans according to the recommended technology components. Harvest data were analyzed descriptively. Economic analysis is used to calculate the profitability and feasibility of farming. The results showed that corn plants with technology recommendations gave the highest yield, dry seeds of 5.50 tons ha-1, dry biomass of 18.63 tons ha-1, with carbon absorption in seeds of 2.62 tons ha-1 and biomass of 8.92 tons ha-1. The profit from corn cultivation was 22,090,000 IDR ha-1 with a benefit-cost (B/C) of 1.35, groundnut 20,985,000 IDR, with a higher B/C of 1.50. Soybean plants provide the lowest profit and B/C, amounting to 4,124,000 IDR and 0.26. Technologically and economically, the cultivation of groundnut, corn and soybeans with the support of groundwater irrigation is feasible to develop on dry land during the dry season. Socially, groundnut is more accepted by farmers.