There are many ways to teach children's to read and one of them is phonic
method. Phonic method is a system or method which is teaching the children for prereading
to read by pronouncing the letter. "Seronoknya Membaca" comeware was
developed to teaching readii using phonic method in interactive way and systematic
such as the lesson will taught step by step start from learn to know and pronounce the
alphabet through can pronounce open and close syllable sound. This courseware consists
of three modules which is Learning Module, Exercise Module and Games Module.
Learning module consist of two phase which is Part 1 and Part 2. In Part 1, the learning
contents are divided into 8 lessons which is children will teach to know and pronounce
the alphabet. In part 2, children will learn to pronounce closed and open syllable sound.
Exercise module divide to exercise one, exercise two and exercise three. Exercise
module is a module that tests the user understanding, In exercise one; children need to
listen to sound provided and match the alphabets to the sound. In exercise two and three,
children also need to listen to sound provided and match the closed and open syllable
sound. In games module, there are two provided games which is Color Time and Jigsaw
Puzzle games. The purpose of the games being cmted is for give the entertainment to
the target user which is children age 3 to 6 years old. In developing this courseware, the
software used is Adobe Flash CS3. This courseware developed in Malay version


The aim of the "PharmacyOnAppDelivery" application is to allow the interaction
between the pharmacy and the patient. There are a lot of cases where there is a need
to preorder the pharmacies which are not so popular in order to be available. With this
application the patient can choose the pharmacy of his desire, send the order and the
proposed date of deliver and the pharmacy can modify the order and reply to the
patient about the availability and the date that he can deliver the order. The role of the
pharmacy in the application will allow him to schedule the orders on specific dates for
each patient individually. The purpose of this process will help the pharmacy to better
organize the orders he must make on the pharmacy warehouse and define the
priorities especially on drugs that are more specific, like cancer drugs. The role of the
patient in the application will be an easy. He can choose from which pharmacy he
wants to take the drugs by simply choosing it from the map, the date of pick-up and he
can see all of the active orders he already has with the status of them. When there is
a status change the patient will have a push notification and he can access the
application and see if there was a rejection or a confirmation with the exact date that
the drug will be available on the pharmacy he wants. In this way, the time and the effort
that required to be spend will be quite smaller especially for patients that are not able
to move all the time.


In this paper, we present a systematic approach to the problem of synthesis of optimization algorithms. First, we develop abstract models for algorithms. These models guide the inventive process toward "conceptual" algorithms, namely, algorithms which may consist of operations that are inadmissible in a practical method (for example, a conceptual algorithm may require us to find the limit of an infinite sequence at each iteration). Once the abstract models are established, we present a set of methods for converting "conceptual" algorithms falling into the class defined by the abstract models, into "implementable" iterative procedures.


Activated carbons were deashed and modified by nitric acid and water vapor in order to fabricate electrodes for electrosorption tests.The electrosorption performance was tested in a capacitive deionization(CDI) system.The specific surface area and pore volume were increased by secondary activation,and the adsorption volume increased from 2.92 to 4.55mg/g.The extent of activation was influenced by the activation time and activation temperature.The optimum activation time was found to be 1 h,and the adsorption volume increased with increasing temperature.


In this paper we present an overview of the usability issues related to the Virtual Data Center (VDC) digital library. Usability testing and heuristics were an integral part of the development process from the inception of the project and throughout its evolution. The developers of the VDC have used the findings from usability evaluations to identify several prominent usability issues present within the digital library. Test results continue to exert a positive and valuable influence on both system redesign and the implementation of new features.


Pentazocine, in dosage of 0°5 mg per kilogram of body weight, has been compared with morphine (0°2 nig/kg) for premedication in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The parameters measured were the presence or absence of apprehension, the incidence of postoperative vomiting, the postoperative analgesic requirements and the time that elapsed from prenzedication to the postoperative injection. It is concluded that pentazocine compares favourably with morphine in these doses as a prenzedication and nnalgcsic for children.


Textile is the foremost part of industrial sectors in Bangladesh and is the major source of water and soil pollution. More than 80% people are depending on agricultural sectors for their livelihood in Bangladesh. This study investigates the impacts of textile pollution on agricultural land and water in NarsingdiSadar. A total of 50 water and soil samples were collected from the study area and analyzed to determine concentration of physiochemical parameters of water and soil. Analysis revealed the values of the parameters are as pH (7.56-9.68), EC (17040-38040 μs/cm), Temperature (30.24-51.22°C), DO (1.16-4.65 mg/L), COD (810.60-1430.43 mg/L), BOD (305.58-608.16 mg/L) and TDS (3456.75-38450.26 mg/L). These values are negatively deviated from the standard values set by the Department of Environment (DOE)for textile effluents. The amount of N (0.217-0.787 μg/g), P (27.50-30.70 μg/g) and K (0.165-2 μg/g) were also found deviated from the standard values prescribed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) for agricultural soil. Major rivers flowing over these industrial regions, like Burigonga, Sitalokka and Turag, have been severely polluted by textile and other pollutants as well as causing serious impact on environment. Government should strictly implement the existing environmental and industrial laws in textile effluent management.


Most present researches on estimation of soil salinity by hyperspectral data have focused on the spectral reflectance or their integer derivatives but ignored the fractional derivative information of hyperspectral data. Motivated by this situation, the selected study area is the Ebinur Lake basin located in the southwest border in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, with severe salinization. The field work was conducted from 15 to 25 October, 2014, and a total of 180 soil samples were collected from 45 sampling sites; after measuring the soil salt content and spectral reflectance in the laboratory, the range from 0 to 2 was divided into 11 orders (interval 0.2) and then the hyperspectral data were treated by 4 kinds of mathematical transformations and 11 orders of fractional derivatives. Combined with the soil salt content, partial least square regression method was applied for model calibrations and predictions and some indexes were used to evaluate the performance of models. The results showed that the retrieval model built up by 250 bands based on 1.2-order derivative of 1/ had excellent capacity of estimating soil salt content in the study area ( g/kg, g/kg, , , and RPD = 2.080). This study provides an application reference for quantitative estimations of other land surface parameters and some other applications on hyperspectral technology.


Using titanium dioxide and iron oxide pigments in various powder coating systems, an investigation was made of the influence of the surface of the pigment used on properties such as viscosity development and curing reaction during stoving. Surface treatment of the pigment particles with inorganic and organic substances allows the specific modification of these properties. The interaction between the viscosity and curing kinetics on the one hand and key coating properties such as flow, gloss and hiding power on the other hand is demonstrated in pigmented powder coatings and discussed.


A report of an MWIA on the redevelopment of leisure centre 'Wavelengths' in Lewisham. The aim was to assess the impact of the leisure centre on the mental wellbeing of residents and community groups and maximise poitive and minimise negative impacts.


Based on the long-term observations of Crocus heuffelianus Herb., the Red Book species of "Medobory" Nature Reserve, growing on the boundary of the area, the dynamics of the population age structure has been analysed. The study of the population and phenology has been conducted since 1995 at the Botanical Experimental Area (BP-2), which is located in Viknianske forestry (square 32, board 7) and covers an area of 0.1925 hectares.The number and density of the cenopopulation have been studied. The ratio of the number of individuals to the area of the population is taken for the density, and the number of individuals in its entire area – for the absolute number. The number of species ranged from 347 to 753 individuals. The average plant density is 0.27 individuals per square meter. The highest index was in the years 2016 and 2018 – 0.39 and 0.38 individuals per square meter, and the lowest was in 2005 – 0.09 individuals per square meter.During the investigating over the past decade, surveys of plants of different ages (juvenile, virgin and generative), as well as phenological observations were conducted. Allocation of age groups was carried out in accordance with the classification of Melnyk V.I.The population of Crocus heuffelianus Herb in the Reserve is established as a full-fledged and left-handed. Only in 2011 it was intermediate.According to the results of phenological observations, the average long-term date of the vegetation onset is the 15th of March, the beginning of flowering – the 24th of March, the mass flowering – the 1st of April and the end - the 12th of April. The entire flowering cycle is 21 days on average.An important factor that has a significant impact on the state of the population of the species in the Reserve is the spring sowing of bulbs and tufts of plants by sultry European. It is pointed out almost every year, and evidenced by the presence of numerous fresh lanterns and ditches.


Bologna, with its 410,000 inhabitants, faces a number problems on account of its rapid growth. Many immigrants, coming from the countryside around Bolo na, from Ferrara and from the South of Italy, have settled on its rapidly growing borders. Living conditions often leave much to be desired. They certainly do not favour social integration. A campaign to build a number of new churches was launched in the Diocese of Bologna. A plan fort the creation of thirty new parishes was adopted in 1955. It indicated the site of each of the new churches according to sound town planning principles. The new parishes, as the various witnesses show, call for team work directed to build up new commu nities. The faithful take an active part in this effort. Integration is achieved on the social as well as at the religious level. This is particularly due to a series of efforts realised at the parish level and directed towards young men and women.


* Five years after surgery, 70% of patients had achieved diabetes remission; however, 35% of these patients relapsed.

* Women were significantly less likely to achieve remission than men


The rate of splenectomy for blunt trauma in the pediatric population has decreased significantly over the past several decades.1 Because nonoperative management has been shown to be a safe alternative for most blunt splenic injuries, the American Pediatric Surgery Association (APSA) published management guidelines and benchmarks in 2000, including a benchmark splenectomy rate of less than 3 per cent for stable patients with a Grade I through III splenic injury.2 Given the importance of the spleen in children, there are single-institution series showing success with limiting the rate of splenectomy;3 however, there has been significant variation in the rates of operative management of blunt splenic injuries1, 4 even since the APSA guidelines were published. In addition, research since the publication of the 2000 APSA benchmarks has shown variable adherence among centers based on pediatric trauma center designation.4 Thus, this study aimed to identify the rate of splenectomy among pediatric trauma patients and assess the association of this rate with facility and patient factors. To do this, we performed a retrospective, descriptive analysis of data from the 2012 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). We included patients younger than 18 years suffering from splenic injury, as identified by ICD-9 code 865 (injury to spleen). Patients were excluded if the age or gender was unknown, if there were duplicate injury scores within the database, and if the reported Injury Severity Score (ISS) was negative. Patient demographic characteristics including age, gender, race, and ISS as well as facility information including ACS trauma level and state pediatric trauma level, and the teaching status of the facility were analyzed. Differences in the splenectomy rate and facility characteristics were analyzed using chi-squared tests. Regression analysis was used to correlate the rate of operative intervention based on the grade of splenic injury as well as patient volume. Results are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. All analyses were performed using STATA statistical software for Windows, version 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). A total of 3715 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The overall splenectomy rate was 8 per cent. A larger proportion of splenic injury patients ages 15 years and older underwent operative intervention than those younger than 15 years (OR 4.04, CI 3.03–5.37, P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the rate of splenectomy between males and females (P 4 0.947). Patients with ISSs between 16 and 24 were 3.13 times more likely to undergo surgical intervention than those with ISSs between 1 and 9 (CI 1.87–5.36, P < 0.001), and those with ISSs 25+ were 15 times more likely (CI 9.39–24, P < 0.001) to go to surgery. There was no statistical difference in the rate of splenectomy between center based on ACS trauma level designation nor based on state pediatric trauma level designation. There was also no difference in the


The cable tower of Shunde Bridge adopted a hybrid structure tower with a steel upper tower and a steel-concrete composite lower tower. In order to verify the mechanical performance of the new multiple-cell composite bridge tower, a finite element model considering the connector forces was established, the stress distribution of the composite tower under the design load was studied, and the influence of concrete shrinkage was analyzed. The research results show that: The stress distribution law of steel structure and concrete in the cross-section of the composite tower was basically the same. And the effective combination of steel and concrete was ensured through the multiple-cell section and the steel-concrete connectors. Concrete shrinkage has a great influence on structure stress, which should be avoided in practical engineering.


940 far right to the far left and everywhere in between, "all with the same button pinned to the lapel—Orwell Was Right." This, of course, speaks to his radical eccentricity, but it also suggests something about his incongruity and his contradictions as he tried to make sense and protest for social justice in a complicated and tumultuous time. Because Orwell seemed to be a lone voice crying in the wilderness, his admirers have raised both the person and his writings to almost sacred heights. Bluemel's work is an important intervention in the invention of Orwell, and this work should be read by all scholars interested in him and in the literature and history of the twentieth century. By placing Orwell within the context of other radical eccentrics, Bluemel shows that we should be chary of celebrating martyrs and saints, or of any totalizing vision, at the same time we should value the complicated nature of radically eccentric voices. Her work also shows us that these contrary and unique expressions give us a better understanding of the myriad responses to oppression, violence, and the big lie.


Author(s): Donahue, William A., Jr.; Donahue, Michael W.; Vinson, Bret E.; Cardona, M. Bernadette | Abstract: Both ground squirrels and pocket gophers are significant pests in urban, rural, and agricultural settings within California. Various techniques are used to control these "pest rodents"; however, this presentation will explore the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as a fumigant to control these rodents in their burrows. These studies were conducted to support efficacy submission requirements for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and selected state regulatory agencies in California, Washington, and Oregon. The Eliminator® System, Inert Gas Injection, LLC (IGI) was used for delivery of the carbon dioxide gas (cylinders) into underground burrows. Pre-treatment and post-treatment monitoring, visual counts, and burrow activity were used to determine the efficacy of the burrow fumigations. Carbon dioxide gas treatment of ground squirrel burrows resulted in 93.6-84.3% reduction in visual ground squirrels in the treatment plots 5-7 days after treatment, respectively, compared with untreated plots. CO2 gas treatment of ground squirrel burrows resulted in 71.5 ± 4.3% to 67.8± 4.3% reduction of reopened ground squirrel burrows in the treatment plots 1 and 5 days after treatment, respectively. In the pocket gopher trial, there was no evidence of tunneling or mound building in the treated test plots for 4 days after the last CO2 treatment, demonstrating 100% effect of the CO2 treatments against gophers with the Eliminator® System.


The effect of an external electric field on the magnetic anisotropy of a single-molecule magnet has been investigated, for the first time, with the help of DFT. The application of an electric field can alter the magnetic anisotropy from "easy-plane" to "easy-axis" type. Excitation analysis performed through time-dependent DFT predicts that the external electric field facilitates metal to π-acceptor ligand charge transfer, leading to uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and concomitant spin Hall effect in a single molecule.


The invention relates to a steel bar corrosion degree detection system and a detection method thereof. The steel bar corrosion degree detection system comprises an electrode system, a host processing module and a pulse generator; the host processing module is connected with the pulse generator; the electrode system comprises a counter electrode CE, a reference electrode RE and a guard ring electrode GE; the pulse generator sends a microamp pulse anode current and applies the microamp pulse anode current to a concrete system from a position between the CE and the RE on the surface of concrete, and the pulse current is restricted in the projection zone of the CE through constraining the pulse current by the GE in order to measure the instant practical corrosion rate of steel bars in the concrete; and the host processing module acquires and quantitatively processes test data to output a two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional figure for visually showing the corrosion degrees of different positions of the steel bars,. The steel bars are polarized by the pulse current, so the detection accuracy is high; and the two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional figure is output, so the corrosion result is visual.


In this note we investigate interior regularity criteria for suitable weak solutions to the 3D Naiver-Stokes equations, and obtain the solutions are regular in the interior if the $L^p_tL_x^q(Q_1)$ norm of the velocity is sufficiently small, where $1\leq \frac{2}{p}+\frac{3}{q}<2$ and $2\leq p\leq \infty$. It improves the recent result of $p,q>2 $ by Kwon \cite{Kwon} (J. Differential Equations 357 (2023), 1--31.), and also generalizes Chae-Wolf's $L_t^\infty L_x^{\frac32+}$ criterion \cite{CW2017} (Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 225 (2017), no. 1, 549--572.).


Cell migration is an important process that occurs during development and has also been linked to the motility of cancer cells. Cytoskeleton reorganization takes place in the migration process leading to lamellipodia formation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of cell migration is particularly important in studies of glioblastoma, a highly invasive and aggressive cancer type. Two members of the phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatase family, SKIP and SHIP2, have been associated with cell migration in glioblastoma; however, the precise role these enzymes play in the process—and whether they work in concert—remains unclear. Here, we compared phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatases expression in glioblastoma primary cells and cell lines and showed that SHIP2 and SKIP expression greatly varies between different cell types, while OCRL, another phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatase, is constitutively expressed. Upon adhesion of U‐251 MG cells to fibronectin, SHIP2, SKIP, and PI(4,5)P2 colocalized in membrane ruffles. Upregulation of PI(4,5)P2 was observed in SKIP‐depleted U‐251 MG cells compared to control cells, but only when cells were adhered to fibronectin. Both PTEN‐deficient (U‐251) and PTEN‐containing (LN229) glioblastoma cells showed a decrease in cell migration velocity in response to SKIP downregulation. Moreover, a SHIP2 catalytic inhibitor lowered cell migration velocity in the U‐251 MG cell line. We conclude that integrin activation in U‐251 cells leads to colocalization of both SKIP and SHIP2 in ruffles, where they act as potential drivers of cell migration. Depending on their expression levels in glioblastoma, phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatases could cooperate and synergize in the regulation of cell migration and adhesion.


New advancements in seed breeding along with technologically advanced seed treatments can greatly reduce water input on turfgrass and other vegetation. New breeding of seed varieties that require a minimum of 20% less water than other varieties of the same species is now possible and bench marked through independent testing at www.waterstarqualified.com. Also, by inoculating seed with mycorrhizae, a beneficial soil fungus, up to a 30% water savings can be achieved through a natural symbiotic process. This allows non irrigated road side plantings as well as residential turf to require substantially less water, therefore increasing survivability while protecting water sheds. Learn more about planting to protect water resources in this presentation.


The role of aggressivity and cue exposure in induction of craving were investigated in a clinical setting. Thirty abstinent alcoholic patients were divided into a low and a high aggressive group based on scores on the physical aggression subscale of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and exposed to alcohol cues. Craving was measured by means of the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (ACQ) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Important findings are: (1) main effects of aggressivity on 'emotionality', 'purposefulness' and 'expectancy' of ACQ were very significant; (2) on 'drinking intention' and 'craving for alcohol' of VAS, aggressivity and cue exposure showed a significant interaction; (3) the main effect of cue exposure on heart rate also reached a significance level of 0.007. The results were discussed in the context of the Classical, Operant Conditioning Theory, the Cognitive Craving Theory of Tiffany, Gilbert's STAR Model, and the Self-Medication Hypothesis


Mobile location-sharing technology is used increasingly by parents to know where their children are. It is our aim to make such technology more flexible in adapting to the particular social context in which it operates. We propose to realise this by allowing users to specify norms that govern the respective social contexts, to which the application should adapt at run-time to provide tailored support. The challenge we address in this paper is the development of a normative model tailored for mobile applications that support location sharing in family life. The novelty of our work lies in the fact that we employ empirical user-centred design methods and techniques for developing the model in an iterative and 'bottom-up' way. This results in two main contributions: 1) a normative model, specifically a social commitment model, for family life location sharing applications shown to be useful and usable, and 2) a demonstration of how user-centred design can be employed to develop a normative model for social applications.


We consider fields in (D>2)-dimensional spacetime, whose potential is r-form (skew-symmetric tensor of rank r), the field tensor F being its exterior derivative and the Lagrangian, a function of the quadratic invariant I of this tensor. It is shown that vector field (r=1) describes electromagnetic field only for D=4. In particular, for D=3 and the Lagrangean L as any function of the above-mentioned invariant, the (r=1)-field has energy-momentum tensor identical with that of a perfect fluid whose equation of state depends on the choice of L(I).


This article examines changes in the turnout of registered voters in presidential primaries over the last 12 years that result from changes in the primary environment. While previous research has been limited to static, cross-sectional analysis, we undertake a diachronic analysis of the link between changes in voter turnout and changes in the electoral framework and strategic campaign components of the primary environment. By making a controlled comparison of the impact of such changes on voter turnout, we are able to gauge the sensitivity of electorate responsiveness to primary environment change. In contrast to previous research, we find little or no difference between the behavior of Republican and Democratic electorates and no spillover effect on voter turnout. It is suggested that those interested in increasing voter turnout in the presidential primaries should focus on the design of competition, since turnout is considerably more sensitive to changes in strategic campaign factors than to changes in electoral framework factors.


Optimized solvers for the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem [5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24] found many applications in areas such as hardware and software verification, FPGA routing, planning in AI, etc. Further uses are complicated by the need to express "counting constraints" in conjunctive normal form (CNF). Expressing such constraints by pure CNF leads to more complex SAT instances. Alternatively, those constraints can be handled by Integer Linear Programming (ILP), but off-the-shelf ILP solvers tend to ignore the Boolean nature of 0-1 variables. This work attempts to generalize recent highly successful SAT techniques to new applications. First, we extend the basic Davis-Putnam framework to handle counting constraints and apply it to solve routing problems. Our implementation outperforms previously reported solvers for the satisfiability with "pseudo-Boolean" constraints and shows significant speed-up over best SAT solvers when such constraints are translated into CNF,. Additionally, we solve instances of the Max-ONEs optimization problem which seeks to maximize the number of "true" values over all satisfying assignments. This, and the related Min-ONEs problem are important due to reductions from Max-Clique and Min Vertex Cover. Our experimental results for various benchmarks are superior to all approaches reported earlier.


Abstract Objective. Our aim was to assess the association between mandibular asymmetry and sagittal and transverse occlusal asymmetry in young adult males with class III malocclusion. Our hypotheses were that (1) mandibular asymmetry increases with increasing mandibular length and (2) occlusal asymmetry is correlated with mandibular asymmetry. Material and methods. On lateral cephalograms of 54 subjects, skeletal class and mandibular length were measured. Mandibular asymmetry was evaluated on orthopantomograms as right–left difference between condylar or ramus heights. Occlusal asymmetry was assessed on dental casts by differences between right and left canine and molar relationship, anterior and posterior crossbite as well as midline deviation. Results. Mandibular asymmetry was significantly correlated with sagittal and transverse occlusal asymmetry (p < 0.05), but not with mandibular length (p > 0.05). Condylar asymmetry due to a longer condyle on one side was correlated with asymmetric aggravation of canine and molar class III on the ipsilateral side (r = –0.53 and –0.62, respectively). In contrast, ramus asymmetry was related to contralateral aggravation of canine and molar class III relationships (r = 0.27 and 0.29, respectively). Correlations existed between asymmetry in total height of the condyle and ramus and asymmetric aggravation of anterior crossbite (r = –0.33), posterior crossbite (r = –0.30) and lower midline deviation (r = –0.27) to the contralateral side (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Mandibular asymmetry is associated with occlusal asymmetry, especially in the sagittal plane. Condylar asymmetry had 28% and 38% of variance in common with sagittal canine and molar asymmetry, respectively. Asymmetry in total height of the condyle and ramus was related to transverse occlusal asymmetry.


By simulating the air distribution of the designing room in which the cold air distribution system is used,it can get the temperature field,the velocity field and the comfort level.After analyzed the simulation date according as the judgment standard,it can be considered that the temperature and the velocity field are uniform,and the average temperature and the comfort level accord with the design standard,and the energy available value(β) is 1.0.All of above prove that the air distribution design is rational.Finally,some suggestions for the design plan were put forward according the analysis result.


The paper investigates the luminous intensity emitted from dc hollow cathode glow discharge plasma (HCGD) .The experiments were conducted at different nitrogen gas pressures ranged from (0.015 to 0.75Torr) and constant discharge current (Id=1.88 mA).The influence of both pressure and hollow cathode geometry such as diameter and depth of hollow cathode have been studied .The results show that the Photo-Luminous Efficiency emitted from the hollow cathode glow discharge decrease nearly exponentially with the increasing gas pressure. This is due to the characteristics of hollow cathode at the low pressures to produce more energetic excitation. On the other hand, the luminous efficiency increase linearly with the increasing inter-cathode distance of hollow, this is because increasing the inter - cathode distance of hollow cathode is equivalent to the decreasing of gas pressure. However the luminous intensity increase linearly with the depth of hollow cathode ranged from (1up to2.5) cm and then decrease. This behavior of the intensity with both the gas pressure and hollow cathode geometry is satisfactory agreement with previous works.


This study investigated the corrosion stability of high velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) spray SUS316L coatings on aluminium substrate as lightweight bipolar plate materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Contact resistance, microhardness and structure of the coatings were characterised using a four‐point probe, pneumatic microhardness, XRD and scanning electron microscope techniques. Preliminary electrochemical results indicate that the SUS316L coated plates significantly lowered the corrosion current of the aluminium substrate by more than one order of magnitude. Corrosion stability in relation to the coating thickness is discussed in terms of the structure composition and transpassivity of chromium.


Gene therapy has been investigated as a strategy for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as cancer, AIDS and cystic fibrosis. In this way, post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference rises as an interesting method for the target inhibition of gene expression. It should be emphasized the potential to specifically and potently knock down gene expression, however, naked siRNAs cannot reach the intracellular environment due to its high molecular weight and strongly negative charge. Then, considerable research effort is currently focused on the development of safe and effective delivery systems for these promising molecules.


The BHPT is an inexpensive, easily administered rating instrument for the severity of depressive illnesses. It was administered to 31 patients diagnosed as suffering from one of the depressive group of illnesses, and to 36 non-depressed patients as controls. Weighted scores gave excellent discriminations between the two classes and re-testing measured recovery from depression. The BHPT is thus an excellent rating instrument, useful in clinical and psychopharmacological research and in the psychiatric training programs.


The engineering of the propagation constant in integrated silicon nitride waveguides is numerically investigated. We compare several geometrical designs and show that fairly large chromatic dispersion control is obtained when the transversal dimensions are modified.


The heat transfer in a radial liquid jet is investigated. In the region where a similarity solution of the momentum equation is available solutions of the energy equation describing the effects of viscous dissipation, initial heating and wall heating are obtained in closed form. Two examples illustrating the work are discussed. In the second of these an approximate method, based on the heat flux equation, is used to describe the initial development of the thermal boundary layer.


Law Professor Grant Morris and his psychiatrist colleagues have delved into the nuances of competency to stand trial statutes. Through their exploration via a survey of forensic psychiatrists and psychologists, they have effectively raised concerns about the assessment of competency to stand trial. They subsequently offer recommendations from their data. Rethinking their work from methodologic, clinical, and legal perspectives highlights some shortcomings in the design of their survey and subsequent analysis of the data to support their recommendations as well as other findings they assert flow from their information regarding the competency assessment by forensic clinicians. The authors' survey of forensic psychiatrists and psychologists revolved around three different legal definitions of competency to stand trial. Survey participants were asked to assess the competence of two defendants presented in case vignettes, by using three different competency standards: (A) the "rational understanding" standard based on Dusky v. U.S.; (B) the "rational manner" standard; and (C) the "assist properly" standard. The authors viewed standard A as a cognitive test and standard B as a behavioral test. Presumably, they would have also categorized standard C as a behavioral test. Based on their findings, the authors recommended: (1) eliminating the "rational manner" standard currently in use in eight states; (2) calling on legislatures and appellate courts to refine the "rational understanding" standard promulgated by Dusky; and (3) calling on judges, attorneys, and forensic clinicians to understand and accept their roles in the process of the assessment and determination of competence. While the authors' survey data on competence to stand trial can, on the surface, appear compelling because of the volume of data obtained, there are significant limitations to their findings, including some possibly questionable assumptions. There may be some confusion on the part of the authors in categorizing the Dusky "rational understanding" standard as purely a cognitive test. The Dusky standard can be conceptualized as having both cognitive and volitional (i.e., behavioral) components, with the former component involving the capacity to comprehend relevant legal concepts and procedures and the latter component involving the capacity to utilize information appropriately in one's own defense and to function effectively in the legal environment. Although this realization may not necessarily alter the authors' recommendations, their rationale for elimination of the "rational manner" standard appears less vibrant, as all three standards can be conceptualized as having at least some behavioral component. The authors made no visible attempt to validate their survey questions by a pretest. They assumed that what they had intended should be clear to the survey takers. This deficiency becomes an important matter when considering their outcomes. Also, the order effect (see Ref. 4, p 256) may have influenced the results, as each subject was asked to evaluate the competency of the vignette's defendant in a certain Dr. Leong is Staff Psychiatrist, Program for Forensic Evaluations in Corrections and the Community, Center for Forensic Services, Western State Hospital, Tacoma, WA; and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Washington Department of Social and Health Services or the University of Washington. Address correspondence to: Gregory B. Leong, MD, Center for Forensic Services, Western State Hospital, 9601 Steilacoom Blvd, SW, Tacoma, WA 98498-7213. E-mail: email@example.com


Eradication is an all-or-nothing affair. The aspirational goal set by the World Health Assembly in 1988 of eradicating poliomyelitis by 2000 was not achieved. 1 A 99.9% reduction in cases is a wonderful outcome for the estimated 1.5 million people whose lives have been saved and the 16 million people who have been spared lifelong disability since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched, but it is an eradication failure! The massive sustained global investment that saw improved immunisation coverage and enhanced surveillance in most countries did result in the reporting of the last human cases of wild poliovirus type 2 in 1999 and type 3 in 2012. Certification of wild poliovirus type 2 and type 3 eradication occurred in 2015 and 2019, respectively. 2 It is thus tempting to consider eradication of poliomyelitis two-thirds complete, with wild poliovirus type 1 in Pakistan and Afghanistan being the final hurdle to finishing the 'polio end-game'. But this is sadly not the case. The protracted eradication efforts and perpetually underperforming vaccination programmes using oral live attenuated Sabin poliovirus vaccine (OPV) have birthed calamitous outbreaks of types 1, 2 and 3 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) in countries in every World Health Organization region


In this paper, we propose a new link level technology for optical transport network, which allows to improve the efficiency of network resources utilization. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to optimize the size of link level data blocks by using intelligent traffic aggregation mechanisms. Our developed algorithm reduces the amount of data block of link level. Algorithm dynamically change the size of data block with using an artificial intelligence tool.


The Canada-United States border crossings provide an economic gateway between the two countries. Local concerns for border security enhancements are not always a paramount consideration. This study considered local residents' preferences and attitudes towards border security enhancements on the Canadian side at the Blue Water Bridge between Ontario and Michigan. A choice experiment method, enhanced by stakeholder feedback and supplementary media reports, was used to better understand local values and preferences for border security enhancements.


Background and purpose: Despite the advances in the care of patients with lung abscess during the past few years, lung abscess continues to cause significant morbidity and death. In order to increase understanding of this condition, this study was designed to assess the clinical features and prognostic factors of lung abscess Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and chest radiographs of adult inpatients with lung abscess, who were treated at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital from January 1997 through December 2003. Results: A total of 50 patients with lung abscesses were evaluated during the study period; the median age was 61 years old (range, 22 to 88 years). The mean hospital stay was 23.6±13.9 days (range, 8-80 days). Eight patients died, yielding a mortality rate of 16%. The risk factors for lung abscess included smoking (48%) and diabetes mellitus (34%), followed by lung cancer (16%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the major pathogen found in this study (5/15, 33%). Patients who died had significantly lower hemoglobin levels than those who survived (10.8±1.6 g/dl vs. 12.3±2.0 g/dl, p<0.05). As we chose a hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL as the cut-off point, the patients with anemia on admission had a higher mortality rate than those without (8 of 27 vs. 0 of 23, p=0.005). The patients who died had a longer duration of fever after treatment began than those who survived (13.9±7.5 days vs. 5.6±4.4 days, p=0.001). Patients with fever lasting more than 7 days after the beginning of antibiotic treatment had a poor prognosis and were associated with a higher mortality rate than those with fever lasting less than 7 days (35% vs. 3%, p<0.05). Conclusions: A high rate of morbidity and mortality is associated with lung abscess despite the advances in antibiotic treatment. Anemia and prolonged fever after the beginning of antibiotic treatment were 2 risk factors that affected the mortality rate in patients with lung abscess.


BEURLEN, K. 1970. Geologie von Brasilien, Stuttgart, Germany. BOULENGER, G. A. 1889. Description of a new snake and two new fishes obtained by Dr. H. von Ihering in Brazil. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4:265-267. DINGERKUS, G., AND L. UHLER. 1977. Enzyme clearing of Alcian Blue stained whole vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage. Stain Technol. 52:229232. EIGENMANN, C. H., AND C. H. KENNEDY. 1903. On a collection of fishes from Paraguay, with a synopsis of American genera of Cichlids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 59:497-537. LA MONTE, F. 1933. Pimelodus valenciennis Kr. the type of a new genus. Copeia 1933:226. LEVITON, A. E., R. H. GIBBS, JR., E. HEAL, AND C. E. DAWSON. 1985. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collection in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia 1985:802-832. LijTKEN, C. F. 1875. Ichthyologiske Bidrag. II. Nye eller mindre vel kjendte Malleformer fra forskellige Verdensdele. Vidensk. Meddr Dansk Naturh. Foren. 1874:190-220. RINGUELET, R. A. 1940. La estaci6n hidrobiologica de Rosario. Not. Museo de La Plata 34:95-109. , R. H. ARAMBURU, AND A. A. ARAMBURU. 1967. Los peces argentinos de agua dulce. Comision de Investigaci6n Cientifica, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. SCHULTZ, L. P. 1944. The catfishes of Venezuela with a description of 44 new forms. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 94 (3172):173-338. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1979. Biometria. Madrid, Spain.


The invention relates to the technical field of flat panel display, and especially relates to a mask device comprising a mask module, a first driving module, a supporting module, and a second driving module. The mask module and the first driving module are respectively positioned on two sides of a substrate, and the two are arranged oppositely. The first driving module is used for providing a first force for the mask module, such that the mask module can be combined with the first driving module, and the substrate can be fixed between the mask module and the first driving module. The supporting module comprises an adjusting module which is respectively detachably connected with the mask module and the first driving module. The adjusting module can be used for adjusting the distance between the mask module and the first driving module. The second driving module and the mask module are respectively positioned on two sides of the first driving module, and are used for providing a second force for the substrate, such that the substrate can be fixed on the first driving module before the mask module is combined with the first driving module. Also, the invention provides a manufacturing method of the mask device.


In order to improve the positioning accuracy and environmental adaptability which is caused by the fluc-tuation of the received signal strength for the WSN-based indoor positioning systems,this paper presents a new in-door location algorithm which is based on adaptive radio fingerprinting map and WSN. It utilizes signal strength be-tween beacon nodes at the fixed location to describe the environmental dynamic changes in real time and developsthe adaptive radio fingerprinting map. In real-time positioning stage,it uses the Bayesian estimation method to gettarget initial position,and then filter the impossible mobile target position by utilizing the finite state automation. Ex-tensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm not only increases the environmental adaptability,but alsogreatly improves the positioning accuracy.


An experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators on rooting and sprouting of different stem cuttings in guava under mist chamber condition at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu. Plant growth regulators viz., Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were used at different concentrations and applied to softwood, semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings. The highest sprouting percentage (76.66 %) with early sprouting (19.10 days) was observed in softwood cutting treated with IBA 4000 ppm concentration. The highest number of leaves (25.80) at 90 days after planting was observed in hardwood cutting treated with IBA 4000 ppm concentration. The highest rooting percentage (74.44 %) was recorded in softwood cutting treated with IBA at 4000 ppm concentration. Softwood cutting treated with IBA 4000 ppm exhibited better rooting and sprouting performance as compared to NAA and IAA. Among the three stem cuttings, softwood cutting is an effective explant for faster multiplication.


Retrospective review of SRT for vestibular schwannoma. University Hospital Southampton treat tumour vol umes max 2.5cm in diameter without brainstem compression with 21Gy/3#. This reviews the experience of local control and toxicity profile in our centre and the impact of limiting dmax.

 Retrospective analysis of patients treated for radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma from 2019 to present. Patient notes, audiograms, imaging and radiotherapy planning system were reviewed for data collection. No patients were removed from analysis due to missing data.

 36 patients have been treated with three fraction SRT. Median age 68 (47-83). PTV volume from 1.03cm3 to 5.52cm3 (median 2.37cm3). All patients have radiologically stable disease to date, with 14 patients (38.9%) having objective tumour response on imaging. 9 patients had serviceable hearing at baseline and 1 remained serviceable at follow up. 7 (19.4%) patients experienced treatment-related toxicity. 6 patients reported facial nerve toxicity in which 4 (66.7%) this was self-limiting with full recovery. 2 patients had persistent facial nerve symptoms (House-Brackmann score 2, and 3 respectively). Those with dmax <26Gy (n=15) experienced this less with only 1 patient experiencing facial nerve toxicity (House-Brackmann score 2).

 Three fraction SRT provides excellent local control with high levels of objective radiological response in tumours up to 4cm3, however, long term follow-up is required. This treatment has acceptable toxicity with most symptoms resolving spontaneously. Permanent facial nerve toxicity was seen in 2 (5.6%) of patients. By limiting dmax to <26Gy the rate of facial nerve toxicity is reduced significantly.


An engineering analysis of the rate of evaporation of solvent in the hanging drop method of protein crystal growth is presented. Results are applied to 18 drop and well arrangements commonly encountered in the laboratory. The chemical nature of the salt, drop size and shape, drop concentration, well size, well concentration, and temperature are taken into account. The rate of evaporation increases with temperature, drop size, and the salt concentration difference between the drop and the well. The evaporation in this model possesses no unique half-life. Once the salt in the drop achieves 80 percent of its final concentration, further evaporation suffers from the law of diminishing returns.


Introduction Acute abdominal pain in the paediatric population is a common and generally benign, self-limiting condition. The challenge is to identify a minority of life threatening presentations. We describe young female presenting with diffuse abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. Case presentation A previously well 4 year old female presented with sudden onset of severe central abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. Pain was colicky and responded to analgesia. Clinical examination did not yield an aetiology. Initial working diagnoses of acute viral illness with mesenteric adenitis and subsequently acute appendicitis following second presentation. C-reactive protein (CRP) was moderately raised, WBC 15 x109 and haemoglobin low at 10.5 g/dL. Representation prompted diagnostic laparoscopy. Laparoscopic examination revealed an enlarged spleen, displaced across the midline. The patient was discharged home well on day 2 postoperatively with resolving symptoms. CT abdomen imaging subsequently showed torsion of a grossly enlarged spleen with widespread necrosis. The patient underwent splenectomy. Discussion Splenic torsion is rare in children and is described in a condition referred to as wandering spleen (1) .Wandering spleen results from the abnormal development and absence of the normal splenic suspensory ligaments, resulting in an untethered organ predisposing to rotation and torsion of a large organ on a small vascular pedicle (1,2). Sometimes asymptomatic, the symptom complex may be one of recurrent acute episodes of pain relating to spontaneous twisting and untwisting of the mobile spleen. Wandering spleen has two peaks of incidence the first in infancy with a male female ratio 2:1. Medical conditions complicated by splenic enlargement, including infectious mononucleosis and metabolic storage disorders predispose individual to splenic torsion in at risk groups (1,2). Conclusion Although rare, splenic torsion is an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute abdomen of unclear aetiology. Prompt consideration should be given to this Diagnosis on account of the associated life threatening complication. Conservative management with preservation of the organ and splenoplexy is the treatment approach of choice but splenectomy is frequently necessary(2). Mortality risk relates chiefly to post-operative infection. Patients who undergo splenectomy should be offered vaccination against encapsulated organisms (Pneumococcus, H.Influenzae and Meningococcus), and oral penicillin prophylaxis. References Alimoglu O, Sahin M, Akdag M. Torsion of a wandering spleen presenting with acute abdomen: a case report. Acta Chir Belg 2004;104:221–23. Yakan S, Telciler KE, Denecli AG. Acute torsion of a wandering spleen causing acute abdomen. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2011;18:34–36.


The harmonic waves occurence and its hazards of power supply system in nonferrous enterprise are introduced,the reasons for generating the harmonic waves of power supply system is analyzed.Based on summarizing the conventional measures for suppressing harmonic waves of current power supply system in enterprise,in view of the present situation and problems existing in treatment of the harmonic waves of power supply system in nonferrous enterprise,the ideas for suppressing and treating harmonic waves is put forward.


Author Institution: School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; Clark-MXR, Inc., 7300 West Huron River Drive, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA


The article examines the sorption capabilities of sorbents for water-soluble petroleum products, as well as the mechanism of adsorption in the practical use of sorbents in water purification processes. The process of adsorption of petroleum products and some ions with inorganic sorbents is considered. The study revealed: 1 gram of sorbent absorbs 15-18 grams of oil, which contributes to the effective fight against oil spills in the aquatic environment. It is recommended to use rice husk as an effective sorbent.


This article aims to manifest the role of Human Rights as a discourse and a tool to confront the national historical episodes of violence and violations. The emphasis of this analytical effort of the different forms of violence that for many years, not only Colombia, but also, Latin America has had to deal with; consists of generating awareness in the importance that these issues will have in the debates regarding Torture and Human Rights Forums as the main and essential focal point. Although, that at the time, there have many attempts in public debates and in the media, this is an issue that has been transformed as the central idea for speeches and the actions of political actors during the subsequently decodes.


Yoga is the union with the divine. Though there are different types of yoga, the primary objective of all yoga practices is to ensure an integral health, free from common health problems and stress-related disorders. Sympathovagal balance is the cornerstone of a stable homeostasis. Sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) has been reported to be associated with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and other metabolic disorders. SVI has been documented to promote degeneration and decay and is the basis of all cause morbidity and mortality. Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) are measures of sympathovagal balance or imbalance. Resting tachycardia and decreased HRV are established cardiovascular (CV) risks. Practice of yoga, especially relaxation techniques and slow pranayamas has been known to ensure sympathovagal balance, improve HRV and reduce CV risks. In this review, we discuss the types of yoga, physiological basis of improvement of health in yoga practice, the concept and importance of HRV, attainment of sympathovagal balance and improvement of HRV through practice of yoga.


And a first drive mechanism for moving the multiple processing unit for processing the target object disposed in the down-flow, apparatus for conveying and seals come conveying the object to be processed, the transfer section moves is installed freely between the processing unit and the conveying unit, is free to move installed in the transfer section, the processing of the first arm in the portion used for the temperature is adjusted to a predetermined temperature of the object to be processed, it is provided free to move on the transport section, with respect to the object to be processed other than the temperature-adjusted workpiece for moving the second arm and the first and second arms are used, each first and a second drive mechanism.


Automotive turbochargers generate high-frequency noise, especially at their inlet air duct, which has become a long-standing problem for both passengers and pedestrians and hence is required to be mitigated by provisions such as the use of absorptive materials and novel inlet duct designs. This paper proposes utilizing a thin porous material coating liner on the inlet duct of the turbocharger compressor in order to absorb the incident excitation and hence, broadband reduction of the flow-induced sound wave propagation. To this end, first, a sound-absorbing inlet duct model is designed based on efficient structural parameters. Then, three different types of absorptive materials are used as coating liners to analyze the impact of varying material properties on the acoustic absorption performance of the system. Meanwhile, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of coating layer thickness on the system's flow-induced sound insulation performance. The research involves applying a finite element approach to conducting acoustic pressure and poroacoustics studies over the desired frequency range of human hearing (1–20 kHz). In this regard, sound transmission loss (TL) and sound pressure level (SPL) are investigated for the models with and without liners. The results indicate that sound-absorbing materials can be employed to significantly diminish flow-induced sound levels in the turbocharger inlet duct. According to the results, absorptive liners would considerably increase the maximum TL and lessen the sharp drop in TL that appeared in the model without liners at around 4321 Hz. In addition, the average TL has increased due to the replacement of valleys with peaks. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that denser absorptive materials and larger liner thicknesses are associated with higher TL levels and better sound attenuation response. By adding 15 mm of rock wool liner to the designed inlet duct, the average TL and root mean square of TL were increased up to 98 and 32dB, respectively. The proposed design procedure of this study unlocks a fundamental approach that can be practically applied to many promising fields, such as aerospace and automotive engineering.


The edit distance (a.k.a. the Levenshtein distance) between two strings is defined as the minimum number of insertions, deletions or substitutions of symbols needed to transform one string into another. The problem of computing the edit distance between two strings is a classical computational task, with a well-known algorithm based on dynamic programming. Unfortunately, all known algorithms for this problem run in nearly quadratic time. In this paper we provide evidence that the near-quadratic running time bounds known for the problem of computing edit distance might be {tight}. Specifically, we show that, if the edit distance can be computed in time O(n2-δ) for some constant δ>0, then the satisfiability of conjunctive normal form formulas with N variables and M clauses can be solved in time MO(1) 2(1-ε)N for a constant ε>0. The latter result would violate the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis, which postulates that such algorithms do not exist.


Wireless communications in aircraft cabin environments have drawn widespread attention with the increase of application requirements. To ensure reliable and stable in-cabin communications, the investigation of channel parameters such as path loss is necessary. In this paper, four machine learning methods, including back propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector regression (SVR), random forest, and AdaBoost, are used to build path loss prediction models for an MD-82 aircraft cabin. Firstly, machine-learning-based models are designed to predict the path loss values at different locations at a fixed frequency. It is shown that these models fit the measured data well, e.g., at 2.4 GHz central frequency the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of BPNN, SVR, random forest, and AdaBoost predictors are 1.90 dB, 2.20 dB, 1.76 dB, and 2.12 dB. Subsequent research is engaged to forecast path loss at a new frequency based on available information at known frequencies. Additionally, to solve the data limitation problem at the new frequency, we propose a path loss prediction scheme combining empirical models and machine-learning-based models. This scheme uses estimated values generated by the empirical model according to prior information to expand the training set. To verify the performance of this scheme, measured samples at 2.4 GHz and 3.52 GHz, as well as samples generated by the empirical model are employed as the training set for the path loss prediction at 5.8 GHz. The RMSEs of BPNN, SVR, random forest, and AdaBoost models are 2.49 dB, 2.78 dB, 2.54 dB, and 3.76 dB. In contrast, without samples generated by the empirical model, the RMSEs of those models are 3.84 dB, 4.94 dB, 6.57 dB, and 6.77 dB. Results show that the proposed data expansion scheme improves prediction performance when there are few measurement samples at the new frequency.


The efficiency of the insecticide BF 314 in the control of E. heros, in cotton planting, was evaluated with the use of DeltaOpal cultivar. The experimental design was of randomized plots with nine treatments and four replications. The cotton planting was with 120 days of emergence at the time of the application. Evaluations at 1, 7, and 11 days after application (DAA), besides the previous one, were carried out. Talstar 100 CE (500ml g ha-1 of CP) and Fury CE (125ml ha-1 of CP) were efficient for the control of E. heros up to 7 DAA, given fair control at 11 DAA. Talstar 100 CE (600ml ha-1 of CP) was efficient in the control of E. heros up to 11 DAA. Karate Zeon 250 SC (120ml ha-1 of CP) and BF 314 (1000 and 1200 ml ha-1 of CP) were efficient for the control of E. heros up to 7 DAA. So, BF 314 is a new alternative for the integrated pest management in the cotton crop.


Neonatal pemphigus is a transitory autoimmune blistering disorder caused by transplacental passage of maternal Auto antibodies to desmoglein to neonate through an affected mother. The association of maternal pemphigus vulgaris with neonate disease had been rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of neonatal pemphigus vulagris born to mother who conceived during active phase of disease.


The paper aims to see if and how records systems have impact over archival description. If the answer would be positive, then it is a fair enterprise to check if the standards for archival description can accommodate the description of records system. Are these just tools for managing records, elements of the history of a records aggregation? Or are they, as presumed, a contiguous context, that must be highlighted? Is it enough to describe past records systems implicitly, from various descriptive attributes or it is worth to have defined a specific entity?


Nano-CaCO_3(powder)/SBS and Nano-CaCO_3 masterbatch/SBS blends were prepared by single screw extruder.The results showed that nano-CaCO_3(powder)had limited effect on the reinforcement of SBS and nano-CaCO_3 masterbatch was much more effective.The rheological property and wear resistance of nano-CaCO_3 master batch/SBS blends were tested.By means of SEM and TEM,the dispersion effect of nano-CaCO_3 had also been investigated.


High-risk stocks do not have higher returns than low-risk stocks in all major stock markets. This article provides a comprehensive overview of this low-risk effect, from the earliest asset pricing studies in the 1970s to the most recent empirical findings and interpretations. Volatility appears to be the main driver of the anomaly, which is highly persistent over time and across markets and which cannot be explained by other factors such as value, profitability, or exposure to interest rate changes. From a practical perspective, low-risk investing requires little turnover, volatilities are more important than correlations, low-risk indexes are suboptimal and vulnerable to overcrowding, and other factors can be efficiently integrated into a low-risk strategy. Finally, there is little evidence that the low-risk effect is being arbitraged away because many investors are either neutrally positioned or even on the other side of the low-risk trade. TOPICS: Volatility measures, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, risk management Key Findings • This article provides a comprehensive overview of the low-risk anomaly, from the earliest asset pricing studies in the 1970s to the most recent empirical findings and interpretations. • The main driver of the anomaly appears to be volatility. The alpha is highly persistent over time and across markets and cannot be explained by other factors such as value, profitability, or exposure to interest rate changes. • There is little evidence that the low-risk effect is being arbitraged away because many investors are either neutrally positioned or even on the other side of the low-risk trade. Low-risk indexes, however, are vulnerable to overcrowded positions.


This paper is one part of a series of fundamental works on developing of atmospheric general circulation model. It presents three kinds of sensitivity experiments concerning the dynamical frame of the model to the Haurwitz wave modes. Also discussed is the stability of Haurwitz waves.


The purpose of this work was to examine the sulfuration of a range of terpenoids and to obtain reduction products (terpenoids thiols) having potential interest for the fragrances and the flavors field. Thioepoxydation reaction performed with the DMTF/TFA system led to the formation of two allytic thiols and five episulfides in moderate yield with good stereoselectivity. Free-radical addition of thioacetic acid achieved on several terpenoids gave nine thioacetates in moderate yield with good regioselectivity. The reduction of those sulfur-containing terpenoids with LiAIH4 furnished, in good yield (23 to 98%), a variety of thiols whose organoleptic properties were investigated. In conclusion more than twenty sulfur-containing terpenoids have been prepared. Among them twenty are new to this work. Some of them required 2D-NMR experiments for unambiguous assignments of stereochemistry and structural elucidation.


The physiologic basis of drug action drugs affecting the peripheral nervous system drugs affecting the respiratory system drugs affecting the cardiovascularsystem drugs affecting the central nervous system.


Background An increase in protein loss through the intestinal lumen is commonly found in children with intestinal inflammation. Measurement of fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin (FAA T) concentration has been used to detect the loss of protein through the digestive system. FAAT concentration increases in diarrhea patients due to Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Shigella, Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and Salmonella infection. Objective To determine the relationship between types of pathogen, acute diarrhea, and alpha-1 antitrypsin concentration in children with acute diarrhea caused by Rotavirus and enteropathogenic infection. Methods Descriptive statistics and proportion difference between the two non-related groups were used to assess the proportion of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) in children with acute diarrhea and was analyzed using chi square test. Results In this study, PLE group comprised 25% (24/95) subjects without unknown cause of diarrhea, 50% (4 7 /95) had one type of pathogen, and in 23% (22/95) subjects had 2 or more types of pathogens. The most common pathogen found in PLE group was Rotavirus, found in67 (53%) subjects and E. coli in 41 (33%) subjects. In non-PLE group, we also found similar pathogen pattern. The mean alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) concentration in acute diarrhea group due to Rotavirus infection was significantly higher (P= 0.003) compared to acute diarrhea groups caused by non-Rotavirus infection. The mean AAT concentration in acute diarrhea group due to E. coli infection did not differ significantly (P= 0.735) compared to acute diarrhea group caused by non-E. coli infection. Conclusion Rotavirus was a more significant cause of PLE compared to E.coli.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of deposit interest rates on third party funds in BJB Bank, Branch Rangkasbitung. Data collected is secondary data. Data analysis techniques using simple linear regression. The results indicated that the deposit interest rate had a negative and significant effect on third party funds in BJB Bank Branch Rangkasbitung.


Clutch fill control in clutch-to-clutch shift process is an essential technique to ensure smooth and precise synchronization of clutches. The filling control methods proposed in previous works are difficult to apply to production vehicles because of huge calibration effort and numerical issues of the system model. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of clutch fill control logic considering practical issues at the production vehicle level. In order to increase the usability, a simplified reduced model that describes the filling phase is designed. The proposed model is used to construct a model-based feed-forward controller, which is not affected by a time delay in the hydraulic system. Furthermore, an adaptation algorithm of a key model parameter is proposed to cope with the model changes due to the disturbances and uncertainties of the plant. In addition, a new volume indicator is proposed to observe the status of the filling phase. Based on the proposed controller and the indicator, tracking performance of the filling phase is guaranteed without over-fill or under-fill. As a result, the proposed control logic is applied to a production type transmission control unit in a test vehicle and its performance is experimentally verified through various scenarios.


Malnutrition and disease are chronic problems in the Third World. It is difficult to find reliable statistical infromation that accurately describes the conditions. Problems with the statistics are discussed and statistics sources are presented. Then, specific diseases are noted and the literature covering the diseases follows.


Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor in Higher Education Studies in the School of Higher Education Studies


The present study was designed to examine shifting, the phenomenon of altering or modifying one's self-presentation in different social contexts, as a mediator of the predictive effects of African American women's acculturation on their perceived race-related stress. To explore this issue, measures of African American acculturation, shifting, and race-related stress were examined within a structural model. The current study quantitatively examined the relationships of these variables among a sample of 366 African American women. Results of a structural equation model indicated full mediation; greater levels of immersion in African American acculturation resulted in greater levels of shifting, which, in turn, generated increased levels of race-related stress. These data extend previous work and expand the literature regarding African American women's shifting. Implications for clinical work and future research with African American women are also discussed.


Many studies in the African politics literature estimate the correlation between ethnicity and vote choice using reported vote intentions from public opinion surveys. Yet, though we know questions related to ethnicity are sensitive in other contexts, there has been little investigation into whether or how survey conditions affect African respondents' willingness to report a preference for candidates of their own ethnicities. Using a stated choice experiment to identify the characteristics that Ugandan voters value in presidential candidates, I show that ethnic voting is indeed sensitive: Respondents are less likely to report a preference for coethnic politicians when they report their preference publicly or when they have been made conscious of the ethnic connotations of their choice. Both public exposure and priming have larger effects when respondents interact with non-coethnics, but this is not because respondents are more willing to report ethnic preferences to members of their own group. Rather, it is because those interacting with non-coethnics hold stronger implicit ethnic preferences in the first place. These results echo a series of findings from the United States that the presence of outgroup members activates ingroup biases, even as respondents censor the preferences they report to others and to themselves. The study indicates that gathering unbiased electoral preferences from African survey respondents will require granting respondents privacy and avoiding priming, and that the researchers should record and control for the ethnicity of observers.


We read the article by de Cates et al. (2018) with great interest and commend their recognition of peer-peer teaching as the "fourth dimension" in medical education, a system employed by the authors at Warwick Medical School. Within the University of Birmingham, we participate in a student-led peer-peer teaching society, focused on providing clinical students with the skills required to excel within their clinical modules. We feel that the benefits of peer teaching, for both student-teachers and their pupils, are under-recognized within medical schools. Hence, we thoroughly appreciate the recognition of the vital importance of this system, provided by de Cates et al. (2018), and propose some additional discussion points. Firstly, the transition into clinical years in medical school is academically arduous and a huge change from lecturebased preclinical years. As such, despite feeling excited for hospital rotations, students are often apprehensive. Peer teaching enables senior students, with first-hand experience of clinical medicine, to offer valuable insights into maximizing clinical placements. Our society organizes a course on Wednesday evenings. Individual tutors prepare and present their allocated clinical subject, allowing for reinforcement of their own knowledge. Students are given the opportunity to ask questions, practice examinations and gain an awareness of what is required from formative assessments. Secondly, we wholeheartedly agree with de Cates et al. (2018), that a clinician must be able to teach effectively. Within our curriculum, there is only one formal opportunity for students to plan, teach and reflect on a lesson. We believe that this provides limited teaching exposure, which may cause students to feel less experienced and confident when teaching future medical students as doctors. Furthermore, we feel that students are mostly unaware of the benefits that teaching can offer. These include future applications for specialty training posts, where points are rewarded for students having participated in or ran their own teaching courses. In the recent review of Oxford Medical School (GMC 2014), peer teaching was highlighted as a positive area of practice within the institution, by preparing students to fulfill the role of a doctor and teach others. Identifying the fourth dimension officially recognizes the importance of peer education. The introduction of more peer education into the curriculum in Birmingham Medical School would more formally acknowledge this component, rather than solely through student-led societies such as our own.


Most evaluations of highway geometric design consistency are based on the analysis of vehicles' speed. This paper reviews the main models of operating speed prediction on two-lane rural highways and presents a speed study carried out in Colombia. In the first phase of the research the validity for Colombia of speed models developed by researchers of other countries has been analyzed. Among the models evaluated are the one used by the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). IHSDM is a computer tool developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States of America. The difficulties of their application to Colombian highways stand out, especially in mountain highways. Consequently, a speed study has been carried out with the purpose of obtaining models adapted to local conditions. Several speed models, applicable to different cases of horizontal and vertical curves, have been obtained.


In this study highly polarizable metallic complexes of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ of Bis(salicylaldiminato) Schiff base have been synthesized. These nonlinear optical materials showed second harmonic generation (SHG) when they were pumped 1.06 micrometers Nd:YAG laser. The intensity of the SH signal varied between the metal complexes, being strongest for Ni-salen complex. An extensive study for these materials has been done to characterize their optical quality and chemical stability. We report here the synthesis, nonlinear optical characterization, electron paramagnetic resonance, FTIR, thermogravimetric measurements and the second order nonlinear response of thermally robust series of donor- acceptor substituted Bis(salicylaldiminato) Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ complexes.


Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), with crystalline MgO tunnel barrier sandwiched between amorphous CoFeB electrodes, received much attention due to their high tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) and flexible integration into mass-production processes.
Previous calculations showed that the structural and chemical properties of the interface have a significant impact on the TMR. In the thesis presented here, this interface is analyzed by quantitative, high resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy.

In these systems, it is essential to have a crystalline transition zone between the tunnel barrier and the electrodes in order to achive high TMR.
Calculations showed that already several monolayers of crystalline material at the interface will lead to high TMR.
Based on these theoretical works, the microstructure of the crystalline/amorphous MgO/CoFeB-interface is investigated on the sub-nanometer scale.
The experimental data is acquired by aberration-corrected, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) on a model system. The MgO-induced crystalline order at the interface to the CoFeB is quantified by an iterative image series matching process using simulated HRTEM-images.
For the simulation of HRTEM interface images, the "averaged-projected-potential" approach is used and extended in order to analyze monoatomic steps at the interface in beam direction of the microscope. It could be demonstrated that this method is very suitable to describe the order at the MgO-CoFeB-interface of non-annealed samples.

In annealed samples, boron diffusion leads to crystallization of CoFeB using the MgO as a template. In the second part of this thesis, the boron diffusion and crystallization of the CoFeB in dependence on the cap layer material and the MgO deposition method in model systems, as well as in functional MTJs is investigated. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) showed that the cap layer material as well as the MgO deposition method have a crucial influence on the boron-diffusion in this material.


According to the analysis on thousands of netizens'( from 10 provinces) message content,the author found the obvious difference existed in the public participation in social affairs. The higher the participatory message areas are,the more macro and multiple public concern will be. On one hand,the message system pay more attention to the construction.On the other hand,the protection of minority rights are embodied in the high participation message. In the strategy,participation message shows the equality and constructive dialogue,but also more structural and logical. This shows the group characteristics of participatory. Within the framework of political culture and the relationship between public institutions,participation message reflects a deeper relationship of trust and responsibility based on the territorial relationship.


'Consider, Sir' answered Sancho Panza, 'that those which appear yonder are not giants, but windmills; and what seem to be arms are the sails, which, whirled about by the wind, make the millstone go...' 'One may easily see' answered Don Quixote, 'that you are not versed in the business of adventure: they are giants, and if you are afraid, get aside and pray whilst I engage with them in a fierce and unequal battle...' Denmark has chosen to implement central parts of the European Union's Working Time Directive (WTD) solely by means of collective agreements and without adopting the supplementary legislation, which is required according to the Maastricht-treaty. By supporting this choice, the Danish trade unions have placed themselves in a situation, in which large groups of their unionised members are left without explicit legal access to employee rights. Denmark's implementation of the WTD has become a matter of principle, which has been aimed at defending existing Danish traditions for labour market regulation. However, this defensive strategy has not been supported with the same intensity by all Danish trade union actors. Policy positions have diverged between either defending the existing system of collective bargaining or making use of the employee rights which the EU's social policy directives provide for Danish employees. The aim of this article is to illuminate the motives and political processes which have made the soil politically fertile for Denmark's unconventional implementation of the WTD.


Dispute boards are well established as a reliable way of the parties to a major project minimising the risk of significant disputes arising and having to be referred to litigation or arbitration at the end of the project. This paper considers some of the rules under which dispute boards operate and the extent to which under those rules, and under relevant codes of ethics, a dispute board could act in a mediation capacity. It highlights some of the pitfalls involved in the dispute board acting in this capacity and suggests some practical ways in which the dispute board members might be able to assist the parties in reaching a speedy settlement whilst at the same time maintaining their third-party neutral status in the event that the mediation is unsuccessful. The paper also goes on to consider how such a mediation could be conducted and whether private meetings with each party in the absence of the other is a sensible course of action for the dispute board to adopt.


The authors respond to Burton and Hirshoren's position regarding the three areas of the education of the severely and profoundly retarded: (a) anticipated levels of learning, (b) personnel training, and (c) locus of educational services. Alternative positions in each of these three areas in relation to the severely and profoundly handicapped are presented that emphasize expanding learning parameters, the necessity for a rigorous personnel preparation program, and integrated public school and community settings as the standard for the least restrictive environment.


This review was prepared to summarize the information on geographic and genetic diversity of Apismellifera L. of African honeybees and the progresses made through time and applications of various advanced tools in their taxonomy at subspecies level. African honeybees have developed distinct morphology, behavior and physiology as they evolved in tropical favorable climate. The variations among the African honeybee populations have helped to produce geographic subspecies based on the morphological characteristics. However, the introduction of molecular taxonomic tools has come up with discrepancies in the number of subspecies and lineages, and subspecies composition of evolutionary lineages in Africa and other parts of the world. It has also brought up controversies in the evolutionary history of A. mellifera reporting different location as the center of origin of the species at different times: Asia, Africa and Europe. It is not only the tools that are used, but also the genetic variations within subspecies, within colonies in an apiary site and within individuals of the same colony temporally are the factors for continually appearing discrepancies. Natural hybridization between populations of adjacent subspecies along the geographic transition zones and introgression of genes through introduction of colonies that is mainly driven by human demand for desirable traits of honeybees have been among the challenges for discrimination of honeybee subspecies. Therefore, in future genetic diversity and taxonomic investigations, considering these natural variations at subspecies level and developing standardized and integrated procedures from sampling to analysis methods would help to produce generally recognized data base that is critically important to resolve the problem of inconsistencies in taxonomy and nomenclature of  honeybee subspecies of Arica and elsewhere.


In allusion to the phenomenon of non-uniform flow field at the throat outlet caused by the low-pressure heaters laid in condenser throat,the flow field inside the condenser throat of 300MW steam turbine was numerically simulated,compared and analyzed before and after the flow guide devices installed by using the model combined with the wall-function method and the SIMPLEC algorithm method.Results indicated that,without the flow guide devices,the flow field at throat outlet was non-uniformity due to the low-pressure heaters installed inside the throat.The distribution of the flow field at the throat outlet trends to uniformity after the flow guide devices installed.The best scheme of installing flow guide devices is given through several numerical simulations.Practical operation of the steam turbine unit indicated that the condenser vacuum is increased and the economy of the unit's operation is improved after the flow guide devices installed.It can meet an objective of energy conservation and dissipation reduction.


Topical ophthalmic solution for treating corneal, capsular or conjunctival diseases. In one form of the invention, the ophthalmic solution comprises a saline-based fluid and an effective amount of at least one therapeutic compound or agent, wherein at least one drop of the ophthalmic solution is applied to the ocular surface. In some cases, the therapeutic compound or agent is released into the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye.


Organizations pertaining to the society of knowledge are characterized by, among other factors, the utilization of knowledge in their processes. Thus, for this valuable ingredient to be developed in the organization, learning organization becomes strategic in character. Within the dimensions of learning, there is emphasis of the individual-cognitivist perspective, which tends to occur without connection to the context, thereby becoming deficient and partial. Also emphasized is the sociopractice perspective, which considers contextual aspects and contributes to a balanced form of creating and disseminating knowledge integrally. This last dimension is composed of, above all, by two modalities: mentoring and the communities of practice. Given this conjuncture, the objective of this research is to analyze how learning organization occurs in communication organizations with intensive in knowledge. So, a case study was developed in Engenho Novo, a Salvador-Bahia based communication company. The empirical research was fundamentally qualitative, as it was based on the analysis of documents and interviews (eight in all) and personal observations. One of the results was to identify that Engenho Novo can be characterized as a knowledge intensive firm, even though it presents some fragmentation in its internal network and some degree of power concentration. In addition, the socio-practice perspective becomes prominent in the company studied, having prominent utilization of mentoring in order to create and disseminate knowledge. Another most relevant point of this work is the non observance of the communities of practice in the organization studied. This result confronts literature, which considers as a given the appearance of communities of practice in the organizational context, independent of cultural, professional and other aspects.


Treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures depends on the age of the patient. However, factors, such as weight and size may affect the modality used. In children between the ages of 0–6 months, treatment is through the use of a Pavlik harness worn for 4 weeks. This usually results in an acceptable outcome because of the remodeling potential in children younger than 2 years. Children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years can be treated with immediate spica casting or traction and delayed spica casting, although good results are being reported with titanium elastic intramedullary nailing in this age group. From 6–9 years, titanium elastic intramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice, with spica casting rarely, if ever, used. Rigid nailing is considered a viable option for children who are near the age of 10 years or in large children. External fixation in this age group is reserved for patients with gross comminution or soft-tissue injury. For patients older than 10 years or patients weighing more than 100 lbs, locked intramedullary nailing is being used with good results, although avascular necrosis of the femoral head is still a concern in patients with open physes.


From the introduction of balanced development mechanism of environmental elements, city planning to guide the city to develop efficiently and healthfully and other methods, the paper is to achieve the goal of continuous improvement of human settlement and harmonious coexistence between human and environment in the process of city renewal and transformation. Based on Ecological City Theory, it is found that various environmental problems when city develops fast can be improved effectively via the construction and research on the compact city "green valley". It is to increase land use rate, meet the requirements for environmental carrying capacity in the mean time and achieve the ecological balance between artificial and natural environment via self-adjusting. KEYWORD: Ecological City Theory; Compact City; "Green Valley" International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 596 Picture 1.Green Valley 2.1 Ecological City Construction Theory 2.1.1 The Sustainable Development Theory The sustainable development theory aims to gratify the needs of the contemporary people and at the same time preserve the resources for the later generations' use. The city environment must be developed with the premises that people coexist with the nature in a harmonious way; the natural resources should be made use of and protected in a reasonable way; the recycling economy and industrial structure should be encouraged greatly; new resources and technologies should be promoted and advocated; city economy, social development, ecological and environmental benefits should be united in a green, low-carbon dioxide, and environmental friendly way. 2.1.2 Theories of Food Chain and Food Net The food chain mainly refers to the process by which the energy is passed in ladder levels among the living things. Many food chains are intertwined to form the food net. And the ecosystem makes the passing of energy and recycling of materials possible by the food chain and net to maintain its stable development. Several eco-industrial chains have been established in the construction of the compact cities: the material recycling one according to the theories of the food chain and net is established by making use of materials to pass, supply, and exchange energy; the one established according to various kinds of energy and their different qualities to make use of energy from the lower level to the top level; and the one established to recycle the use of water according to different levels, qualities, and requirements of water. 2.1.3 The Environmental Bearing Capacity Theory The natural ecosystem with rich material basis plays a determining role in people's lives and production activities, is the wealth people inherited from nature, and is the indispensable resource. It should be noted that the environment can bear a limited scale of development of the human economy and society and this bearing capacity changes intrinsically and externally along with people's transformation, creation, re-transformation, and re-creation activities, influencing human being's conducts and the healthy development of the economy and society potentially. 2.2 Basic Principles for the Construction of the Ecological City First, the principle of putting people first should be observed. People's fundamental interests should be set as the starting point and the final goal to fully gratify people's producing and living needs, to create an ultra city environment which is suitable for living and working, to closely combine the economic and social development with the natural law, and to unite the economic and social construction with the ecological and cultural construction. Second, observe the principle that the environment is producing force. The environment and the producing force are a united one which should not be disseminated nor be made opposed to each other by the development of cities. It should be clearly realized that the environment is the basis and prerequisite for the development of producing forces which are the deriving and definite condition for the environment. Only when each kind of resource in the environment is fully cultivated and protected, can it make more contributions to the economic and social development of human beings and turn the environment into practical producing forces. Third, stick to the principle of adopting different measures according to local conditions. China with a vast territory witnesses a variance between its southern and northern parts in environment, resource, and culture, etc, even different cities having their unique natural resources. The local unique cultural and environmental resources should be thoroughly made use of in the city's development. Partial admiration for the foreign should be avoided. The essence left from the ancient times should also be utilized in modern times. The future development and effort-making orientation should be made clear in combination with the practical condition of the given city. Fourth, stick to the sustainable development principle. The sustainable development aims to most fully make use of the energy or material that has entered into natural and artificial ecosystem to enable a mode of the economy running mechanism with low exhaustion, pollution, input but high production. It sticks to the developing law of the ecology theories, resolving fundamentally the friction between environment and economic development.


Dung deposition by grazing cattle is a peculiar phenomenon to the grazed pasture. Therefore, as reviewed by Marsh and Campling5>, a number of studies have been made on the cattle dung-related processes in the pasture such as distribution of dung, decomposition of dung, and effects of dung on herbage yield and consumption. However, it is still a question how the cattle dung affects the whole pasture productivity. This is primarily due to the incompleteness of the quantitative information on the above dungrelated processes. Accumulation of the quantitative data is needed to evaluate the cattle dung effect on the pasture productivity. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fltigge) is one of the most common pasture species in the southwestern warm region of Japan. The question of the cattle dung effect also arises in bahiagrass pasture. Authors therefore conducted the investigation of bahiagrass productivity paying a considerable attention to the cattle dung. This paper briefly presents the quantification of the cattle dung-related processes derived from the results of our investigation.


The social media is seemingly becoming a big influence in the politics and a core strategy for political campaigns. Social media has become a coordinating tool for almost all of the political movements globally. The prospective of social media is mainly in their support of civil society and the public sphere. Social networking sites have gradually become integral part of people's everyday life. Internet, through the use of the social media platforms, is now being used to convey messages to a diverse audience more directly. Also, the Internet provides a major technological stimulus to the modernisation and professionalisation of political campaigns. This paper, based on document analysis and insights of data published on the social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, gives a brief discussion on the advent of the social media networks and the politics. Examples of the events where the social media have influenced certain activities or actions in the political landscape across the globe are also briefly cited and discussed in this paper. Some of the events highlighted in this paper which have been influenced by the social media turned out to yield positive outcomes whilst some outcomes are not positive. This paper is concluded with a view that the social media continues to have an influence in the political landscape. Thus, reactions, feedback, conversations and debates are generated online as well as support and participation for offline events. Messages posted to personal networks are multiplied when shared, which allow new audiences to be reached through the social media. However, this obviously does not mean that every political movement that uses these tools will succeed, because some state(s) have not lost the powers to react through banning them or censoring them.


This article introduce some of the customer will request the PCB manufacturer submit customer designed test coupon which represent certain level of products before PCB house qualification. And the article focus on discussing the design purpose, test requirement and test method of these test coupon through the real case, also bringing up the manufacturing know-how to these test coupon.


To observe the clinical efficacy of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Injection" in the treatment of cerebral infarction, with single-blind methods, 120 cases in treatment group were treated by " Acanthopanacis Senticosi Injection" and another 30 cases in control group by"Danshen Injection" for 14 days respectively. Results showed that the total effective rate was 90.00% in treatment group and 80.67% in control group;the marked effective rate was 50.00% in treatment group and 26.67% in control group, P 0.05; the apoplectic symptoms improved in both groups; head CT scan revealed that the improvement rate was 53.25% in treatment group and 33.33% in control group. It is indicated that" Acanthopanacis Senticosi Injection" has better effects on cerebral infarction.