A cutting element of a drill bit for drilling subterranean formations including a superhard table formed on an end face of a cylindrical supporting substrate, there being an interface between the table and the end face of the substrate defined by at least one annular surface with an arcuate topography when taken in radial cross section longitudinally parallel to the centre line, the substrate table interface being sufficient to accommodate resultant loading of the cutting edge of the cutter throughout a variety of angles with vectors normal to the surface at a variety of angles such that at least one normal vector is aligned substantially parallel to the resultant loading on the cutting edge. A number of different shapes to the end face are disclosed.


The invention discloses a synchronous display method based on a virtual reality. The synchronous display method based on the virtual reality comprises the steps of capturing bone information of a human body through a body sensor, and transmitting the bone information to a computer; receiving the bone information fed back by the body sensor and acquiring a human body motion trajectory according to the bone information through the computer; establishing a corresponding relation between the acquired human body motion trajectory and a preset three-dimensional human body model, and generating a three-dimensional human body motion image; performing 3D display to the three-dimensional human body motion image through a head virtual reality display. The invention further discloses a synchronous display system based on a virtual reality. The synchronous display method and system based on the virtual reality have the advantages that the functions of bodybuilding, interestingness, exercise and enjoyment are integrated and the interaction and immersion of people during bodybuilding are greatly improved.


A 52-year-old female presented to the emergency department with 24 h history of palpitations and dyspnoea. Her past medical history included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Recurrent admissions to the emergency department for dyspnoea were recorded. Physical examination revealed mild tachycardia (104 bmp) and left hypophonesis on chest auscultation. Electrocardiogram confirmed sinus tachycardia. Abdominal examination was unremarkable. Blood test highlighted D-dimer of 2148 ng/mL. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated hypoxaemia (pH 7.44, pCO2 41 mmHg, pO2 59 mmHg, HCO3 27.8 mmol/L, BE 3.3 mmol/L, SatO2 91%). With the suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism, a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was performed showing a large Morgagni's hernia with left lobe of liver and transverse colon with its mesentery herniated through an 8-cm anterior diaphragmatic defect to the anterior mediastinum (Figs 1–3). Symptoms were controlled conservatively and the patient is currently awaiting spirometry for surgical repair during the same admission. Diaphragmatic Morgagni's hernias are the less common congenital defects that account up to 3% of congenital of cases. Morgagni's foramen is located in the anteromedial portion of the diaphragm, allowing the herniation of intra-abdominal viscera to the thorax. Clinical presentation is normally during childhood with recurrent chest infection. Presentation in adults is uncommon. Only 30% of cases have been reported to be symptomatic. However, the paucity of the symptomatology (nonspecific cardiac, respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms) makes the diagnosis difficult, being most of the times an incidental finding during chest image. Occasionally, it presents in an acute setting with bowel obstruction, ischaemia or perforation. The requirement for surgery and its timing depend on patient's presenting signs and symptoms. In the acute phase, emergency surgery is required. If


e12552Background: Adipophilin (ADP) is a lipid-regulating protein of the perilipin/adipophilin/tail interacting protein of 47 kDa (PAT) family that coats the surfaces of cytoplasmic lipid droplets....


Background: At the age of 3 or 4 years, children who have started education in a preschool or early education (PAUD) environment spend more time at school than in a home environment. Schools play an important role in promoting healthy behavior and educating children to achieve maximum growth and development of children. Government programs related to health for schools are the School Health Unit (UKS) which aims to improve the quality of education and learning achievement of students by improving hygienic and healthy living behavior and improving the health status of students and school residents. In addition, the purpose of implementing UKS is to create a healthy environment, so as to enable optimal growth and development of children in the context of forming a full Indonesian human being. The study aims to identify the dominant factors that are the determinants of the success of the implementation of the UKS PAUD program in PAUD in the village of Wedomartani Sleman, Yogyakarta.
Research Methods: Data collection was carried out in PAUD in the village of Wedomartani Sleman, Yogyakarta, with a sample of 32 teachers teaching in PAUD. This type of research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional method. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire and a modified checklist sheet from various references. Bivariate data analysis using chi-square test. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression to test the interaction between variables to determine the interaction between independent variables on the dependent variable.
Research Results: Most of the respondents held the position of Principal, namely 62%, late adult age, namely 41.4% and highly educated (D3, S1 and S2) at 72%. The results of the bivariate analysis of the relationship between knowledge, skills, infrastructure and perceptions of health personnel support, respectively with a p-value of 0.029; 0.010; 0,150; 0.014.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, skills and perceptions of health personnel support for the successful implementation of UKS PAUD in PAUD in the village of Wedomartani Sleman Yogyakarta
n
Keywords: UKS, PAUD, preschool children


The foundations of an arithmetic unit performing the add, subtract, multiply, and divide operations on rational operands are developed. The unit uses the classical Euclidean algorithm as one unified algorithm for all the arithmetic operations, including rounding. Binary implementations are discussed, based on techniques known from SRT division, and utilizing ripple-free borrow-save and carry-save addition. Average time behavior is investigated.


The effect of rare earth nanoparticles, M=Sm2O3, Nd2O3 and Ho2O3 added to (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ)1-x(M)x, where x = 0.00 - 0.05, superconductor were studied by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), resistivity (R), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The volume fraction of high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, decreased from 84% for pure sample to 48, 30 and 23% at x = 0.05 for Sm2O3, Ho2O3 and Nd2O3 additions, respectively. The critical temperature Tc(R=0) that is 102 K for the pure sample decreased to 78, 73 and 69 K at x = 0.05 for samples with Sm2O3, Nd2O3 and Ho2O3 nanoparticles additions, respectively. The additions of rare earth nanoparticles decreased the grain size and increased the random orientation of the grains. The results showed that the phases' formations, variations of lattice parameters and electrical properties are sensitive to the size of nanoparticles and magnetic properties of its ions.


Results of laboratory studies proved that The BIPV peak hours; Comparisons of these solar panels to be used on buildings will be conducted based on their material, angle, temperature, and panel clarity. The results will be used to access the actual cost-effectiveness of installing and using these solar panels on existing buildings.


Abstract Bactris gasipaes Kunth is important both economically and as a food resource in several countries of tropical Africa. The profitability of cultivation can be increased by genetic amelioration of natural morphotypes. We observed that pollen characteristics influence the morphological and physiological features of the fruits. This prompted us to undertake a study based upon ten morphotypes from the Yurimaguas (Peru). We here complete the morphological and ultrastructural investigation of pollen, previously started by one of us, with an analysis of the elements with respect to the importance of the role they play in relation to pollen function. A determination of the 8 major elements, which corresponds to a precise analysis of the exine, was performed by micro-X-Ray diffraction analysis using an electron probe coupled with a scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the determination of calcium, magnesium and twelve oligo-elements by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) provided a compl...


Frequent disaster was a major rural social disease in Shaan-Gan-Ning border region.How to deal with famine was not only an important duty for government,but also a serious issue for village people.Although it was a desolate and barren land,the rural people in Shaan-Gan-Ning border region had concrete preparation measures for famine.Conclusion of these measures may not only show the vivid screen at that time,but also provide with valuable experience for today.


This document looks at the results of a survey administered by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) investigating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related issues. Two surveys were distributed, one to commercial drivers who had participated in a sleep study and one to those who had not participated in a sleep study. In total 822 drivers completed one of the two surveys. Information collected included demographics, carrier OSA policies, perceived prevalence of OSA, estimates of sleep study and continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) machine costs, actual out-of-pocket costs, OSA risk factors, knowledge of potential untreated OSA consequences, OSA diagnoses, treatment options, treatment effects, and driver opinions of OSA guidelines.


The paper presents an analysis of research of key technologies in Wireless Sensor Network according to the clue of the usage and research of some scientific algorithm(fuzzy rules,Artificial Neural Network,or Support Vector Machine) in Wireless Sensor Network.Considering the conditions of usage of some algorithm in WSN and the characteristic of the algorithm itself,this paper analyzed and estimated its adaptability,and point out the trends of the means and ideas of the research in WSN.


The invention discloses a composite soilless ground substrate grass blanket and a planting method thereof, relating to lawn. The invention solves the problems that the cultivation of soil grass blankets destroys cultivated lands, quickens soil desertification and damages ecological environment. For the composite soilless ground substrate grass blanket, lawn grass is planted on a soilless ground substrate layer, a non-woven fabric is arranged below the soilless ground substrate layer, and the non-woven fabric covers a film layer, wherein the soilless ground substrate layer is a mixture of sawdust, vinegar residue, straw residue, an organic fertilizer and a biological starter, and the mass percent of water in the mixture is 55-65%. The planting method comprises the following steps of: finishing a bed, laying a film, laying the non-woven fabric and laying a soilless ground substrate successively; then, sowing glass seeds to culture; and finally transplanting the grass seeds out of gardens. The composite soilless ground substrate grass blanket can be arbitrarily cut and freely moved, has light texture and is applicable to the ecological management of different environments such as barren, droughts and the like. The planting method is simple and easy to popularize, and the composite soilless ground substrate grass blanket is easy to transport.


This paper proposes a method for computing a quasi-dense set of matching points between three views of a scene. The method takes a sparse set of seed matches between pairs of views as input and then propagates the seeds to neighboring regions. The proposed method is based on the best-first match propagation strategy, which is here extended from two-view matching to the case of three views. The results show that utilizing the three-view constraint during the correspondence growing improves the accuracy of matching and reduces the occurrence of outliers. In particular, compared with two-view stereo, our method is more robust for repeating texture. Since the proposed approach is able to produce high quality depth maps from only three images, it could be used in multi-view stereo systems that fuse depth maps from multiple views.


It is shown that the thermochemical reduction of alkali-lead-silicate glass does not lead to any significant incorporation of hydrogen in the surface, but greatly sensitizes the surface to the chemical and physical adsorption of water. The treatment creates a thin (25 nm) compositionally modified layer of silica-rich, perhaps microporous, glass at the surface where the hydrogen concentration due to adsorption is irreversible. A more uniform, in-depth hydrogen profile that extends thousands of angstroms into the treated surface is reversible. The time and temperature of thermochemical treatment influence the initial kinetics of the adsorption. These observations are of practical significance to the behavior of electron multiplier and microchannel plate devices that have been exposed to humid environments. It is demonstrated that vacuum annealing after heat treatment can be used to limit the rate and extent of water adsorption.


Background:
 Microembolic signals (MES) detected by the transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) have established prognostic value for stroke recurrence in patients with carotid stenosis. However, the frequency of MES in the context of other stroke etiologies remains unknown.

 Methods:
 All stroke admissions to Northwestern Memorial hospital between 2016-2018 who underwent TCD within the first 48 hours of admission were reviewed. Final stroke diagnosis was extracted from chart review. Presence or absence of MES was extracted from clinical TCD reports. Frequency of stroke etiology among MES groups were compared using chi-squared test.

 Results:
 A total of 789 patient charts were reviewed (mean age 62±17 years, 55% male). MES were present in 95 patients. Demographics and medical history of patients were not different among those with and without MES. Compared to patients without MES, those with MES were more frequently diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke (36.4% vs 21%,
 p
 =0.001) and less frequently with small vessel disease stroke (5.7% vs 24%,
 p
 <0.001). However, there was no difference in the frequency of cryptogenic strokes between patients with and without MES (
 p
 =0.844). Among patients with MES, the most frequent etiologies of stroke were cardioembolic (36.4%), cryptogenic (19.3%), large vessel disease (17.1%), and small vessel disease (5.7%).

 Conclusion:
 TCD detection of MES is seen across all stroke subtypes and may provide additional information for risk stratification in secondary stroke prevention. We are currently reviewing the prognostic utility of MES for stroke recurrence in this cohort.


The Covid-19 pandemic has created unique problems for education as teaching and learning have had to move online. This disruptive event has had different outcomes in different educational systems. Those based on behaviourist approaches, as is the case for Gulf countries (Reimers & Schleicher, 2020) have been hit hardest. No education system was fully prepared. There is no pandemic e-readiness model for education. By understanding students' experiences, this study helps to redress the wrongs of Covid-19 and to create a legacy by developing a model. It will contribute to preparing for a smooth transition to online learning in subsequent disasters. I examine an example of a teacher-centred education system, the female undergraduate students in the Engineering Faculty at Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. This study is ground-breaking in using a mixed methods approach rather than simply quantitative research or qualitative research to analyse an education system's response to pandemic. Quantitative data give precise insights while results of qualitative research validate and corroborate the quantitative data.This paper identifies first order barriers such as the availability and accessibility of materials and devices, internet connectivity and tutors' training and secondorder barriers such as content and pedagogical strategies. It recommends key improvements to e-learning which would be crucial to a future pandemic plan. It shows the power of e-learning as a pandemic response to promote transformative learning during an emergency and possibly after it, helping change teacher-centred educational culture and turn passive students into active citizens.


Learning in the practice setting is an integral and substantial component of health professional education (Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 2002). The need to develop the skills necessary to enable future health professionals to function effectively within a team is well recognized and during the last decade there has been an increasing emphasis on interprofessional education in both campus-based and practice settings (Barr, 2002; Stew, 2005). We report on a small qualitative study that explored student physiotherapists' experience of learning within a palliative care team. A key focus of this report is the interprofessional learning opportunities that arose from students working with members of the palliative care team. One of the authors (RL) undertook the project in part fulfilment of a BSc (Hons) degree in Physiotherapy. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with final year students from one pre-registration course, who had all completed a placement in palliative care. Ethical approval for the study was sought and granted. Six key themes emerged from analysis of the interview data, including interprofessional working; support for learners; patient-centred care; physiotherapy in palliative care; emotional aspects of the learning environment and education. These are highlighted in italics below. Findings indicated that placements within a palliative care setting provided valuable opportunities for interprofessional learning (Hilton & Morris, 2001). For example, students worked alongside other health professional team members jointly assessing patients, developing treatment plans and contributing to discharge planning. They also took an active part in multidisciplinary (MDT) team meetings where they developed insight into patientcentred approaches. Students were exposed to a more diverse range of team members than in other practice settings, including clinical psychologists, counsellors, art therapists, music therapists and chaplains. As a result students felt they had an increased understanding of the contribution made by the many different health professionals who were involved in a patient's care pathway. The diversity of the team within the palliative care setting lent itself to a holistic approach to patient management as all aspects, including the spiritual and creative needs of patients were met. Journal of Interprofessional Care, October 2007; 21(5): 569 – 571


Membrane distillation (MD) has been garnering increasing attention in research and development, since it has been proposed as a promising technology for desalinating hypersaline brine from various ...


Thoracotomy is a procedure that causes intense pain in the postoperative period. Several analgesia techniques are described to ease this pain, however, without showing a proven superiority of one over the other. A case of analgesia for thoracotomy with multi-perforated catheters and elastomeric pump is presented. Case report: a patient with proposed exploratory thoracotomy due to bronchial fracture by compressive chest trauma. The general anesthesia and thoracic epidural for analgesia were planned, however, the patient presented multiple diffuse dorsal skin lesions. General anesthesia and analgesia were then performed with the implantation of multi-perforated catheters and continuous infusion of local anesthetic through an elastomeric pump. It was concluded that the options for performing a good postoperative analgesia for thoracotomy are many and that new techniques are emerging and gaining space. The use of multi-perforated catheters can be considered an option for patients who have a contraindication to thoracic epidural.


In Marseille in 2013, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis clone Beijing [1] and Clostridium difficile O27 [2] were the most common causes of severe emerging infectious diseases: nine patients died. No patients infected with the most feared and publicized pneumonic viruses (except the well-known H1N1, H3N2, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus) have been hospitalized in Marseilles during the past 10 years. This discrepancy between media reports and clinical practice leads to a reflection on what is real and what is predicted or publicized among emerging infections. Following the emergence of new respiratory viral infections, there has been in recent years an explosion of publications in the best medical and scientific journals based on the fear of another catastrophic outbreak equivalent to 'Spanish flu'. This fear started with the arrival of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [3] from China. The reservoir for the SARS coronavirus seemed to be bats. The evolution of disease is still poorly understood because the epidemic started with a period of apparent contagiousness in Hong Kong but its eventual disappearance occurred without anyone really understanding the reasons why the outbreak petered out. Worldwide, there were 8096 SARS cases, including 774 deaths [3]. There was only one case in France. Based on ISI-Thomson-Reuters data, there are 8943 publications with the keyword SARS (more than 12 per death) and 146 235 citations. H5N1 avian flu was then the subject of widespread concern in the media, and much activity in scientific journals and at WHO. It justified the establishment of human vaccines while evidence of inter-human transmission remained extremely low. In terms of human disease, the risk of H5N1 remains low with 615 cases recorded and 362 deaths (mainly in Indonesia, Egypt and Vietnam) [4]. Despite this, there have been since 2005, 6748 publications and 64 729 citations (source ISI-web October 2013)—a ratio of 20 publications per death. The disease has remained a zoonosis with regional circulation; there has been no case in France. This reactivity and fear visa-vis emerging viruses shows no sign of abating. Hence, for the new avian influenza H7N9 there have been 180 publications in 2013, based on 135 cases including 44 deaths (in China and Taiwan) [5–8], or a ratio of four papers per death. There has been no case in France. The new coronavirus emerging in the Middle East has generated 142 publications during the year 2013, although only 138 cases have been reported with 60 deaths (mainly in Saudi Arabia) [9– 12]. This is a ratio of 2.4 publications per death. There have been two cases in France. In total, these four viral respiratory infections have generated a number of publications that is disproportionate to the public health problem. By contrast—for example—this year in India there has been an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (probably caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, but other factors may be involved) that has caused around 1200 deaths (http://www. flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?p=514124), but has been the subject of just six publications (data from Scopus Nov 13, 2013), or 0.005 publications per death. Moreover, tuberculosis kills around 1.4 million people worldwide each year, with the extensively drug-resistant form causing particular concern. The emerging epidemic Beijing clone (856 publications, 1596 citations) caused at least 13% (180 000) of tuberculosis deaths [13]. That is a true emerging killer! Emerging Clostridium difficile clone O27 (477 publications, 7980 citations) has received much less attention than SARS, despite the reality of a worldwide pandemic that has killed thousands of people, with a case fatality rate of 30%. It has killed at least 200 people in France [14] and causes a significant proportion of the 14 000 C. difficile deaths per year in the USA reported by the CDC, which have multiplied threefold during the past 10 years. A comparable figure is observed in Europe (E.J. Kuijper, personal communication). It is our duty as medical journals to report ongoing and emerging outbreaks, but to try to avoid disproportionate reactions that ultimately influence governments and international agencies, and lead to costly control strategies that are of questionable value including from the scientific community. The main reason we do not publish more on the "real" epidemics is that we are not sent the papers. What does this over-representation of emerging viral agents of pneumonias reflect? Is it people's fear of the unknown, the power of the involved scientists, or perhaps the financial interest of the vaccine and pharmaceutical industries? Modelling of outbreaks,


Imposed the oil teeth tax from Qing dynasty inTianjin. The merchants-tender replaced broker in 1925. But in this course,the fight for tax happened continually because the merchants increased tax rate arbitrarily,and the government overlooked the harm in order to gain finance income.


The common appearance of highly complex tonsillar tissue occurs only in the highest types of animal development. Its noticeable presence occurs in a large majority of persons. It is fair to assume, accepting Darwin's theory of the origin of species, that the development of the tonsils is a detail of highly civilized type-variation which is becoming, if indeed it has not already become, a characteristic. If the presence of this development were detrimental—if the tonsils were the bugaboo they are often pictured—they would long ago have disappeared with their owners under the law of survival, instead of appearing now in their most complex form almost universally in the highest types of human kind, as the sturdy guardians of the dangerously exposed introitus of the two great systems, digestion and respiration. I say "highest types of human kind" advisedly, and it is interesting to note, for perhaps it adds a


Declining enrollments in computer science and related fields are a global concern. This issue's column, by Mike Hazas and Rebecca Marsden of Lancaster University in the UK, describes the novel Lancaster Headstart program that uses the excitement of pervasive computing to attract students into computer science.


The system of the China-characterized Trial Committee in China result from two factors including history and politics. Its most malpractice is playing down judicial efficiency and blemishing justice and pricking up judicial corruption. It is out of date and necessary to be cancelled.


A peculiar clinical experience during the past year, has led me to the investigation of a class of lesions commonly enough encountered by most practitioners with fair opportunities for observation; but certainly in a considerable proportion of cases they are not understood, nor their clinical manifestations correctly interpreted. I refer to kidney abscess or pyonephrosis; of late, also designated "surgical kidney," for the reason that it is supposed that the lesion admits of relief or cure only by surgical measures, which is only correct, however, in exceptional cases. Much diversity of opinion has arisen, in consequence of the confusion of terms employed by different authors, in describing the various types of renal suppuration; and, on the other hand, by an attempt at an over-refinement and irrational differentiation of pathologic conditions. Thus we will note, that one speaks of renal suppuration as pyonephritis, another as pyonephrosis, another as pyelitis, and another


T H E use of the past tenses of the Latin Subjunctive in expressions of wish involves a difficulty which seems to me not to have been fully faced by grammarians, nor have I dealt with it in my paper on the Unity of the Latin Subjunctive ; but I have recently been led to think that its solution may be found on lines analogous to those which I have there adopted for the explanation of other Subjunctives. How does it come about that the Past Imperfect and the Past Perfect Subjunctive express unfulfilled wishes of the present, e.g. utinam adforet Aeneas (Aen. I. 575), 'would that (=1 wish that) Aeneas were (now) here'; utinam adfuisset ' would that (= I wish that) he had been there (at some point of time in the past) ?' The analogy of other uses of the past tenses of the Subjunctive would lead one to expect utinam adesset and utinam adfuisset to express a past wish relating to the then future, corresponding in past time to utinam adsit, which expresses a wish as to the future from the present point of view. Compare other uses of the Present and Past Imperfect in simple sentences: quid agam ? ' what am I to do?', quid agerem ? 'what was I to do ?'; malim ' I should prefer ' ( = ' I am likely under certain circumstances to prefer'), mallem ' I should have preferred' ( = ' I was likely under certain circumstances to prefer ' ) ; and similarly in subordinate clauses: impero ut abeas (' you are to go away'), imperavi ut abires (' you were to go away'). On this analogy, I say, utinam adesset ought to express a past wish—a wish which was entertained by some one in past, time. Yet this is not the meaning actually found in ordinary cases. The only instances in which the Past Imperfect Subjunctive in wishes has the meaning which it ought on analogy to have are cases like Plautus, Most. 183, ita ego istam amarem, which is simply the ita Philolaches te amet of 182 thrown into past time, in dependence on adiurasti, and Horace, Sat. II. 2. 124, ita cuhno surgeret alto (if, as most commentators think, this clause is to be treated as analogous to sic te diva potens Cypri . . . regat of Odes I. 3. 1). These examples, therefore, suggest no explanation as to how the usage in question came to be developed—the usage in which the past tenses denote a present wish that something were now or had been in the past otherwise than it actually is or was. But these tenses become at once intelligible if they be regarded from a different point of view—as expressions of obligation, i.e. as denoting what ought to have happened (what was to be done), just like the past tenses in at tu dictis, A Ibane, maneres ' you ought to have abided (you were bound to abide) by your word,' Aen. VIII. 643, eadem me ad fata vocasses ' you ought to have called (you were bound to call) me to share your fate,' Aen. IV. 678, which correspond in past time to hoc commentemur, mihi crede in present time, ' believe me, we ought to meditate (we are bound to meditate) on this,' Cic. Tusc. I. 31.75: the words mihi crede show that this is not an ordinary ' hortative ' subjunctive. The close connexion between wishes and expressions of obligation is shown by the fact that one is often in doubt as to which translation should be adopted in particular instances; tecum ludere possem, Catull. 2. 9, and di facerent sine patre forem, Ovid, Met. VIII. 72, are, no doubt, clearly wishes; on the other hand, obruerent Rutuli telis, animam ipse dedissem, Aen. XI. 162, and omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem, Aen. X. 854, are ambiguous; they are translated as wishes by Conington (prose transl.) and Mackail; but Blase in his Tempora und Modi (p. 154) takes all instances in which there is no utinam (except Catull. 2. 9) as expressions of obligation.


The Evans Collection includes axes and other implements of stone from Cretan and mainland sites, a notable specimen being a perforated mace-head from Pergamon ; bronze weapons from Amorgos, Crete, and the mainland, for the most part of familiar types, among them massive double-axes of the Iron Age. Of special interest are two bronze swords of mid-European form from Graditza, Thessaly, affording a stepping-stone in the southward movement which brought a similar weapon to Mycenae.


Significance How is an image transmitted through a material consisting of subwavelength structures? We use two distinct methods to obtain quantitative answers to that question. The first, structural similarity index, is a method related to human perception, initially developed to quantify transmitted image quality following image compression in digital image transmission systems. The second method treats the medium as an optical component itself, where we determine the spatial frequency content of the image transmitted by the medium. This study opens the door to analyzing images transmitted through particulate media that absorb and/or scatter light, which applies generally to imaging systems whose components are composed of subwavelength structures, such as those composed of random particulates or nanoengineered flat-optics metasurface lenses. The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles with plasmon resonances have been studied extensively, typically by measuring the transmission of light, as a function of wavelength, through a nanoparticle suspension. One question that has not yet been addressed, however, is how an image is transmitted through such a suspension of absorber-scatterers, in other words, how the various spatial frequencies are attenuated as they pass through the nanoparticle host medium. Here, we examine how the optical properties of a suspension of plasmonic nanoparticles affect the transmitted image. We use two distinct ways to assess transmitted image quality: the structural similarity index (SSIM), a perceptual distortion metric based on the human visual system, and the modulation transfer function (MTF), which assesses the resolvable spatial frequencies. We show that perceived image quality, as well as spatial resolution, are both dependent on the scattering and absorption cross-sections of the constituent nanoparticles. Surprisingly, we observe a nonlinear dependence of image quality on optical density by varying optical path length and nanoparticle concentration. This work is a first step toward understanding the requirements for visualizing and resolving objects through media consisting of subwavelength absorber-scatterer structures, an approach that should also prove useful in the assessment of metamaterial or metasurface-based optical imaging systems.


Background Additive manufacturing has the potential to disrupt conventional manufacturing. The argument presented in this article is that because product design students need to be achieving an advanced level of design for additive manufacturing to effectively utilise the technology in the near future, product design academics need to be researching the development of more advanced, discipline specific, learning objectives for designing to their constraints and opportunities. These need to address designing for complex technical applications and critically engage with implications for the future of design for manufacturing. The rationale underpinning this argument is based on a systematic quantitative literature review of research addressing design for additive manufacturing education.


is supported by their own review by Kuo and colleagues (2), estimating a 0.2% ERR by using a biennial CT scan exposure over life. Readers of the Journal should be aware that this claim is based on purely hypothetical assumptions that have been very recently questioned. Indeed, radiation risk from very-low-dose exposures have been pinned down (3), and direct estimates from objective measurements are now available to calculate this risk (4). Indeed, for decades, there were no epidemiological data regarding the cancer risk related to repeated low-dose exposures. Ideas were extrapolated from atomic bomb explosions, although there was much uncertainty regarding low doses. A linear nothreshold relationship was believed, and, according to this hypothetical model, it was true to suppose that a reduction in radiation dose could reduce the risk of cancer. Whether iterative radiations would be independent of each other or not was also a considerable matter of debate. However, a recent publication from Leuraud and colleagues now demonstrates that very low doses, repeated over time, are as harmful as an acute exposure (4). From their large international study, adults exposed to doses accrued as low as 1.1 mGy per year (that is, equivalent to a single low-dose CT scan) had a 10.96 per Gy ERR to die from chronic myeloid leukemia. The study involved adults only, and what could be expected in children and teenagers, more sensitive to radiation, is expected to be much more. Hence, data show that any X-ray exposure brings carcinogenic effects, even the lowest ones, and that the coefficient of risk was calculated similar to those corresponding to higher level of acute exposition. It is not "so low as to be incalculable." Thus, the hypothetical model used by Rosenow and colleagues (1) and Kuo and colleagues (2) to extrapolate their claim on ERR from CT scan, assuming that ERR progressively diminishes toward low doses and dose rate, certainly needs to be updated. In addition, this estimation omits future cumulative exposures to the abdomen (5) or the chest, including interventional radiology, acute complication, and lung allograft assessment. To conclude, research is needed to solve CF disease, and the PRAGMA-CF (Perth-Rotterdam Annotated Grid Morphometric Analysis for CF) study provides an important end point for future clinical trials. However, patients who will participate in these trials should be informed that the ERR from CT scan is not so low, nor is it incalculable. Patients should also be aware that these exposures will be added to the challenging demand in cumulative radiation exposures that will be needed for future CF lifelong management. In that setting, radiation-free imaging modality should continue to be developed and encouraged every time it is possible (6). n


This study was conducted to evaluated the immediate influence of surface wildfire on the soil archaeal community structure in a shrubbery.Burned soils were sampled 18 hours after a shrubbery fire in Yumin county of Xinjiang,Northwest China,and control soils were sampled from a unbured shrubbery next to the fire-impacted areas.Two archaeal 16S rDNA gene clone libraries were generated from total genomic DNA in the two soils.Nineteen archaeal operation taxonomic units(OTUs) were obtained from the two soils clone libraries by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analyis,and nine of them were only detected in the unburned soils and accounted for 5.91% of total clones,being absent in the burned soils.Three dominant archaeal taxonomic units YMar-F25(GQ304791),YMar-F32(GQ304792) and YMar-F21(GQ304789) fell into subgroupⅠof Crenarchaeota,accounting for 15.50%,18.18% and 41.36% of the total clones respectively in the unburned soil library.Immediately after the fire,the three taxonomic units were still dominant in the burned soil library,accounting for 15.59%,22.58% and 46.24%.Shannon-Wiener index of unburned soil archaeal 16S rDNA gene clone library was 1.87,and the burned soil library was 1.40.The results suggested when the time after high severity shrubbery fire was at hourly scale,diversity of soil archaea was lower in burned site than the control site,groups of archaea with low abundance were more sensitive to fire disturbance than those with high abundance.Community structure of the groups with high abundance was not altered significantly after fire.


We employ density-functional theory (DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and its extensions GGA+$U$ and GGA+Gutzwiller to calculate the magnetic exchange couplings between pairs of Mn ions substituting Cd in a CdTe crystal at very small doping. DFT(GGA) overestimates the exchange couplings by a factor of three because it underestimates the charge-transfer gap in Mn-doped II-VI semiconductors. Fixing the nearest-neighbor coupling $J_1$ to its experimental value in GGA+$U$, in GGA+Gutzwiller, or by a simple scaling of the DFT(GGA) results provides acceptable values for the exchange couplings at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th neighbor distances in Cd(Mn)Te, Zn(Mn)Te, Zn(Mn)Se, and Zn(Mn)S. In particular, we recover the experimentally observed relation $J_4>J_2,J_3$. The filling of the Mn 3$d$-shell is not integer which puts the underlying Heisenberg description into question. However, using a few-ion toy model the picture of a slightly extended local moment emerges so that an integer $3d$-shell filling is not a prerequisite for equidistant magnetization plateaus, as seen in experiment.


http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/...AuxTcGq9YGV_bqRfdfx9ZMwYD2kk5-ptGofr3Z1N8nRWso6o0VPS10hLcVAbytRu9NFlXh0MlGaqfCCjdRW7Y3-5tcuqYShgLBsCl2ZcJXY875-8rRQNQ9HqCGsHYct_BZt1gTSkEJRvjtIZO7P7ynpk0XNkyFa50tItaFzfA8-PuMiA7rj9N0OrXKjKs8LSTEobvYmGy_mklTh390&id=preview[2/6/2015 10:17:36 AM] Paclobutrazol applied to a putting green severely stunted the Poa annua while having little impact on the bentgrass. The content in this preview is based on the last saved version of your email any changes made to your email that have not been saved will not be shown in this preview.


Among the major cancer sites, the lung has the most complicated pTNM description. Reclassification of International Union Against Cancer (UICC)‐pTNM grading of 262 lung cancers resected at Shikoku Cancer Center was done using microscopy and audit of pathology reports. Of the 262 lung cancers, 222 were obtained at operation from 1999 to 2004 and 40 additional cases from 2006. Among 666 pTNM components of the former cases, 37 components (31T, 3N, 3M) in 35 cases were revised to different categories. The concordance rate (CR) of the original stage to the reclassified stage was 90% (210/222) in the five‐group staging system (5GSS) without subdivisions and 84% (187/222) in the 8GSS with subdivisions such as IA and IB. It decreased in advanced cases. For example, the CR was higher in stage I (97%, 158/163) than in stage II–IV (88%, 51/59) in five‐GSS (χ2 test, P < 0.05). The CR in 8GSS of the additional 40 cases, which were diagnosed after the review of the former 222 cases, was 98% (39/40), indicating that the knowledge gained from the review improved the accuracy significantly (χ2 test, P < 0.05). It is necessary to assess disparities in the accuracy of pTNM for lung cancer at each institution. This is also true for cancers at other sites.


(ii) the given series in (2) and (3) converge wherever \x\ Xo, (iii) » and p are positive integers and the m/s are non-negative integers, and (iv) x is a complex variable while X is a complex parameter. In the present treatment (1) and (2) are considered in a certain neighborhood of x = 0 and, for the parameter X, in a neighborhood of X= ». The point at x = 0 is said to be a regular point of (1), and whenever one or more mi is positive, x = 0 is also said to be a turning point of (1). The transformations


Doctor Georgios K. Matis, one of our journal reviewers, is a young Greek resident neurosurgeon with an enviable experience. He graduated high school in 1995 with an impressive academic score of 19.7/20, being the first among his classmates.


The Ironman Triathlon is one of the most grueling endurance races to ever challenge its participants. What can this race teach us about our Christian lives?


Variation in spoken Standard German as well as in various regional varieties of German has not yet been covered in full detail. This paper sketches a new research project concerned with the empirical analysis and systematic documentation of phonetic-phonological variability in spoken German. The aim of this project is to set up a corpus-based databank of pronunciation variants, which can be used for various purposes, e.g. by scholars and teachers of German as a foreign language.


THE PRINCIPLE FEATURES OF THE NEW CONSTRUCTION METHOD ARE: (1) THE SURFACING IS LAID ON A LAYER OF HOT BITUMEN; (2) NO DOWELS OR STEEL MATS ARE USED; (3) NO EXPANSION JOINTS OR JOINT INSERTS ARE USED; (4) TRANSVERSE JOINTS ARE SPACED 5 M APART AND ARE ONLY 2.0-2.2 MM WIDE, MAKING JOINT SEALING UNNECESSARY; AND (5) THE LONGITUDINAL JOINTS ARE CONSTRUCTED AS JOINTS WHICH DO NOT ALLOW FOR EXPANSION, AND THEREFORE REQUIRE NO FILLER. THE ROADS BUILT IN THIS WAY ARE SAID TO BE MORE DURABLE, MORE ECONOMICAL TO BUILD, AND EASIER TO REPAIR THAN CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES. /TRRL/


DOI: 10.15580/GJSS.2019.2.082219159 With a rapid rate of urbanization in Nigeria, almost half of the population already lives in cities thereby putting great pressure on the country's urban settlement. Fundamental to this problem is the decision to become a homeowner which is an issue of financial and social decision. Thus, this study investigates the nexus between house ownership and socio economic variables of the household head. The study makes use of nation-wide cross-sectional data of the 2015/2016 General Household Survey (GHS) conducted by the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics. Results show that the main determinants of house ownership in Nigeria are: Occupation, household size, education level, marital status, income and age of household head. The study, therefore, suggests that policies that are targeted at maintaining moderate or lean household size and promoting non-farming occupation along gender-oriented development policies should be advocated and promoted by policy makers, since these variables are considered critical to increasing house ownership among households in Nigeria. Submitted: 22/08/2019 Accepted: 25/08/2019 Published: 22/09/2019


Objective: To summarize the CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and improve its recognition. Methods: CT features of 5 cases with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed by combining with the literature data. Results: Multiple tumors in 4 cases,the features of which were cystic-solid lesions at different sizes and single tumor in 1 case were found. CT scanning showed low density placeholder with clear boundary in liver and more irregular low density area in the center of lesion. The single tumor was cystic lesion. Early mild-to-moderate strengthening in the solid part of tumor,mild strengthening during portal vein period and delay period and no obvious strengthening in more low density areas of center were found by CT enhancement scanning. Conclusions: The CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics,which has certain value on its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.


The McEliece public key cryptosystem is modified to create an integrated security/error control system for digital communication networks. The security of the resulting system is examined in detail, with particular emphasis on the trade-off between error control and security. Cryptographic and communication measures of the performance of the system are established. The performance of the system for codewords of length 1024 is reported. A method is described for making the integrated system adaptive to changes in channel conditions.<<ETX>>


Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness characterized by low mood, anhedonia, negative thoughts, frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment, mainly consisting of reduced concentration or indecisiveness. Depressive episodes might also manifest in the context of a bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic psychiatric illness characteriSUMMARY. Background. Treated mood disorder (MD) patients suffer from residual cognitive symptoms, even when treatment response is considered adequate. Here we estimated the prevalence of cognitive impairment and tested whether the severity of self-rated and clinicianrated cognitive symptoms differed between remitted and unremitted MD patients. Methods. Forty-three consecutive MD patients were recruited at an academic community mental-health centre at the University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Patients had to have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) type 1 or type 2, or unspecified depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 criteria. Cognitive function was assessed using self-rated [Perceived Deficits Questionnaire – Depression, 5-item (PDQ-D-5)] and clinician-rated [Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) measures and the short version of the Mini Mental State Examination (sMMSE)] tools. Standard statistical tests were applied. Results. The prevalence of cognitive symptoms ranged from 20.9% to 44.2%, depending on the assessment tool used. There were no statistically significant differences in self-rated and clinician-rated measures of cognitive function between remitted and unremitted patients as well as no statistically significant correlation between self-rated and clinician-rated measures of cognitive function. Patients with better education had higher mean scores at the sMMSE and the DSST. Discussion and conclusions. We confirmed that cognitive symptoms are highly prevalent in MD patients, irrespective of the mood state. This suggests that cognitive impairment in MD is a trait, rather than a state marker. The absence of a correlation between self-rated and clinician-rated (objective) measures of cognitive impairment suggests that each assessment tool captures a specific facet of cognitive function.


Networks on Chip (NoCs) have been recognized as a viable solution to solve the Systems on Chip (SoC) design challenges, providing a scalable and efficient communication structure in multicore systems. However, this solution is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In order to minimize such consumption, it is essential to design an efficient routing algorithm that minimizes energy consumption while maximizing throughput. This paper proposes an energy aware routing algorithm (called EA-NoC) that optimizes the dynamic energy by determining the optimal route between source and destination, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. The routing algorithms were simulated on a 2D-mesh topology, and compared to the State-of-the-Art routing algorithms implemented in the Noxim simulator. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in literature (28% better on average, in terms of dynamic power).


This paper describes the behavior of tax policies under incomplete financial markets. The government finances a stochastic stream of expenditures by collecting the capital income and the labor income taxes, and issuing a one-period bond which pays state-contingent returns. We show that putting limits on the amount of the bond that can be chosen each period helps improve the predictions for volatility and autocorrelations of both capital income and labor income taxes. The welfare loss due to market incompleteness is small and comes only because of reducing the initial high taxation of capital income. Even for the utility specifications for which the Chamley-Judd result of zero long-run capital income taxation holds, the model generates a path of ex ante expected capital income taxes that may have zero, positive, or negative mean. The reason is that any binding limit on the amount of debt or savings the Ramsey planner wants to accumulate has a permanent effect on the whole future sequence of tax rates. Chari, Christiano and Kehoe (1994) were the first in describing how capital and labor income taxes should behave over the business cycle. However, their results rely heavily on a huge initial capital levy which allows the government to accumulate rapidly enough savings to insure against future shocks to the budget. As a consequence, in the long-run the capital income taxation is abolished and each period the consumers get indebted by the amount close to the periodIs GDP. Along with recent evidence in favor of incomplete rather than complete credit markets facing the government (Marcet and Scott, 2001), consumerIs willingness to default on debt serves as a motivation to put some restriction on plannerIs savings. An upper limit on government debt, unless it is very tight, is there mainly for smoothing the transition behavior of the economy, since we know that in the complete markets case, the planner issues debt only in the initial period and switches to savings from the next one onwards. It turns out that putting debt limits as a simple way of introducing incomplete markets has little effect on the long run allocations, while the influence for the tax policies of either transitionally or permanently binding limits on borrowing and saving is very sound. Even loose and only occasionally binding limits on debt are enough to alleviate the initial capital levy and decrease the long-run savings of the planner. Transitionally binding limits lead to the expected capital income taxes that may differ from zero even in the long-run and even for the periods when the limits do not bind. Tight limits on both debt and savings of the planner completely eliminate the initial capital levy and change the transitional behavior of labor taxes. We derive an analytical expression for labor tax rates for a class of utilities separable in consumption and leisure and show that they should have a higher variance compared to the complete markets case. The lower limit binding should lead to a cut in labor income taxes, while the trying to issue more debt than its upper limit should imply an increase in the labor income taxes. As for the expected capital income taxes, simulation results show that whenever the lower limit binds, the consumer should expect a capital income subsidy while binding lower limit leads to a positive expected capital income tax for the next period. The main reason lies in the incomplete insurance against the future uncertainty. In the economy what matters is the sum of both available assets, bonds and capital. Therefore, subsidizing capital stimulates more capital accumulation as a substitute for buying bonds. The basic intuition for such an important role of debt limits for tax policies is that the state-contingent debt which served as a shock absorber is now limited. So, the planned sequence of current and future taxes has to be adjusted each period. Thus, if ever in the past the planner has been short of debt or savings, todayIs taxes should partly compensate for that. We solve this model numerically using short-run simulations inside the Parameterized Expectations Algorithm by Marcet and then describe the modelIs simulation properties. There are several computational issues: the initial Ramsey problem is not recursive, so we have to enlarge the state space using the recursive contracts approach by Marcet and Marimon. Also the transitional behavior of allocations and taxes is very different from their long-run characteristics. Thus, to approximate well the policy function during the transition, we choose to run many short Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, to solve this model, we have to iterate on a key Lagrange multiplier representing the cost of distortionary taxation.


Bone cement has been widely used in orthopedic surgeries since Sir John Charnley first introduced the self-curing bone cement for the fixation of artificial joints in 1958. Several important aspects of material characteristics of bone cement, including its material compositions, short- and long-term mechanical properties are discussed in this article. This article aims to provide comprehensive information for the orthopedic community on cement applications.

The article is arranged in seven sections and begins with a brief introduction and description of bone cement compositions, followed by a section on cement setting procedure and cementing technique. Then, the thermal aspect (polymerization heat and potential bone thermal damage) and volumetric change effects (porosity and residual stress) are discussed. The final section focuses on the main mechanical properties of cement, including the static strength, fatigue failure, and viscoelasticity of bone cement. Finally, the article ends with a brief summary of potential research directions.

Keywords:

bone cement;
acrylic;
biomaterials;
implants;
polymerization;
shrinkage;
fatigue;
viscoelastic


CT perfusion(PCT) imaging has significant value in diagnosing and inspecting curative effect. PCT is a functional imaging tool which can non-invasively evaluate blood perfusion in vivo. In recent years, thanks to the advances of medical imaging equipment and scanning technology,the application of medical imaging is being shifted from the pathology and anatomy-based morphological study toward the combination of morphological and functional study in molecular level.In this paper, we summarized the principle of PCT, its values in diagnose of lung cancer, relationship to biomarkers, and evaluating curative effect.


Are you looking to uncover the last sin eater Digitalbook. Correct here it is possible to locate as well as download the last sin eater Book. We've got ebooks for every single topic the last sin eater accessible for download cost-free. Search the site also as find Jean Campbell eBook in layout. We also have a fantastic collection of information connected to this Digitalbook for you. As well because the best part is you could assessment as well as download for the last sin eater eBook Trying to find professional reading sources? We have the last sin eater to check out, not just read, yet additionally download them or perhaps read online. Locate this great publication writtern by now, just here, yeah just below. Obtain the files in the types of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, and rar. Again, never ever miss out on to read online and also download this publication in our website right here. Click the web link. Whatever our proffesion, the last sin eater can be good resource for reading. Discover the existing data of word, txt, kindle, ppt, zip, pdf, and rar in this website. You can definitely review online or download this book by here. Currently, never ever miss it. GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS THE LAST SIN EATER, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.


Not all alcoholic patients can benefit from all treatment modalities. The "Cafeteria Plan" offers a sufficient variety of treatment approaches for any one patient to be able, with professional guidance, to select appropriate therapeutic modalities for himself. This paper describes a concept of comprehensive alcoholism services, and shows how these can be adapted to any clinic program and how patients can be assisted in selecting acceptable treatment plans. Clinics which have broadened their therapeutic program by adopting such a concept have found that they can offer treatment to larger numbers of patients and that attrition rates diminish.


The migration of oxygen in ion-beam-amorphized c-SiO2 (α-quartz) was investigated by means of nuclear reaction analysis using the resonant reaction 18O(p,α)15N for oxygen depth profiling. Only very small amounts of oxygen were observed to diffuse in crystalline or in Xe+-ion beam-amorphized α-quartz after high-temperature annealing. However, a dramatic migration of oxygen occurs in Cs+-implanted α-quartz in the same temperature range (600–900 °C), where Cs diffuses out of the amorphized layer and epitaxial recrystallization occurs. These results point out to a strong correlation of all these processes. A mechanism to explain the observed indiffusion of 18O is proposed and is related to the Cs migration and the topological modification to achieve epitaxial regrowth of the SiO2 matrix.


In this paper, we adopt outage probability (lambda-capacity) in fast fading channels as a pay-off function in a zero- sum game between a legitimate transceiver pair and an uncorrelated Gaussian jammer. The transmitter aims at minimizing the outage probability, while the jammer attempts to maximize the outage probability. We consider both peak (over each codeword) and average (over all codewords) power constraints. For peak power constraints, a transmission rate is either supported by the system, or if too large, causes the whole transmission to fail. By imposing average power constraints, large rates can be supported at the cost of positive probability of codeword error. Maxmin and minimax power control strategies are developed, which show that no Nash equilibrium of pure strategies exists under average power constraints.


C.Rajagopalachari popularly known as Rajaji, the first and only Indian to be the Governor - General of India was an ardent patriot a pioneering social reformer, incisive thinker, profound scholar, and author. Rajaji's merits and traits elevated him to hold and highest posts such as Governor-General in free India, Governor of Bengal, Premier of Madras Presidency and Chief Minister of Madras state. He participated in the Freedom struggle and faithfully carried out all the programmes of Gandhiji and the Congress. The fire of Swadesi movement, started in Bengal, soon spread to TamilNadu under the leadership of Rajaji. The Rowlatt Satyagraha as a political campaign was a failure as it did not attain its objective of the repeal of the Rowlatt Act. Processions from many areas of the city converged in the Marina beach. In the evening a mammoth public meeting was addressed by C.Rajagopalachari, Kasthuri Ranga Iyengar, S.Sathyamurthy and George Joseph.
The Non-co-operation movement gained momentum in Tamil Nadu under the dynamic leadership of C.Rajagopalachari. C. Rajagopalachari earned the esteem of the Muslims by his active involvement in the agitation. In the provincial congress conference moved a resolution demanding the release of Ali brothers who had courted arrest for spear- heading the Khilafat movement. The birth of the Justice Party constitutes a landmark in the history of South India. The Vedaranyam March or Vedaranyam Satyagraha was organised to protest the salt tax imposed by the British Raj in India. Rajaji was a true and dedicated disciple of Gandhi and did not hesitate to voice his dissent when he felt strongly about any particular matter. Rajaji was the Chief Minister during the year from 1952 -1954 in Madras State. Rajaji's relations with leaders like Gandhiji, Nehru, Kamaraj, Satyamurthy, E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker in Tamil Nadu and others with whom he crossed swords for political reasons were extremely cordial on the personal front.


Objective: To appraise the effect of Erchen Jiehan Particle on the basis of a healthy lifestyle for the treatment of OSAHS patients with phlegm dampness syndrome. Methods: 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups by 1:1. 40 cases in the blank group were treated with a healthy lifestyle. 40 cases in the drug group were treated with Erchen Jiehan Particle on the basis of a healthy lifestyle. Three months later, PSG, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, BMI, blood lipids, TCM symptom score were observed before and after treatment. Results: Compared with treatment before, TCM symptom score of drug group had obvious improved(P0.01). After treatment, TCM symptom score showed significant difference in both groups(P0.05); Compared with treatment before, BMI of blank group had obvious improved(P0.05), abdominal circumference, BMI, TG and CHOL of drug group had obvious improved(P0.01, P0.05). Compared with treatment before, both the lowest oxygen saturation and the longest apnea time of blank group had obvious improved(P0.01 or P0.05), AHI, the lowest oxygen saturation, the longest apnea time and the average apnea time of drug group had obvious improved(P0.01 or P0.05). After treatment, the lowest oxygen saturation, the longest apnea time and the average apnea time showed significant difference in both groups(P0.01). Conclusion: On the basis of healthy lifestyle, Erchen Jiehan Particle could low TCM clinical symptoms, abdominal circumference, BMI and blood lipids, improve the low ventilation and hypoxia, improve sleepiness of OSAHS patients with phlegm dampness syndrome.


The author stated, "A family farm was one large enough to provide a decent living and small enough to be worked and operated mainly by the farm family." The author breaks this topic with sections: production efficiency - family farm vs. crop factories, diversified farming, specialized types of farming; from subsistence farms to family farms; farmer as self-employed entrepreneur; farm-city conciliation; and the instinct of workmanship.


Executives, when interviewed, concluded that the central energy policy issues this year will be mandatory conservation standards and the decontrol of new natural gas prices. Of prime concern for many of the executives is that Congress should wait to see how the voluntary efficiency program for the ten targeted energy-intensive industries works out before imposing a mandatory program. Increased natural gas production should follow deregulation unless Congress tries a compromise plan with too short a trial period. The Bentsen-Peason bill for immediate decontrol of new onshore gas and phase-out of offshore control is the preferred route of the executives. Rumors of electric rate reforms cause concern for those who fear government interference with state and local regulatory bodies, although some support the idea of ''time-of-day'' price schemes. Of equal concern are threats by the Federal Energy Administration to order plants to switch from oil and gas to coal before environmental issues of coal production and burning are resolved. The administration's plans for reorganization of Federal agencies are viewed as an opportunity to cut red-tape even though it won't affect either energy supplies or prices. (DCK)


Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil has become an efficient and environment-friendly method. The main mechanisms of phytoremediation consist of phytoextraction, phytovolatilization phytostabilization, and phytotransformation. But there are some limitations in the actual remediation effect of plants enriching heavy metals. At present, a wealth of joint remediation methods have been carried out. This paper reviewed the phytoremediation mechanisms and the research status of phytoremediation, such as Cd, As and Pb, and put forward the research direction of phytoremediation and the combination with other technologies.


The objective of this report is to provide a base-line condition assessment of the key equipment of the synthane process pilot plant based on a historical review of performance, vibration monitoring and a preliminary systems analysis. The historical review of equipment performance was conducted by reviewing all available maintenance and repair records filed at the Synthane pilot plant, interviewing key Maintenance and Operations personnel and observing repair and maintenance procedures where possible. Field vibration measurements of all major rotating components were made periodically to detect current and approaching equipment problems. An overview of the influence of mechanical equipment on plant performance was provided by a systems analysis. The process equipment was categorized according to subsystem function, design source and application to future-generation plants. The analysis was conducted by examining data from the plant operating log to clarify the causes and implications of important equipment-related events. The results of this base line condition assessment of the key equipment at the Synthane pilot plant emphasize the need to expand the objectives of future pilot and demonstration plants and provide for the following recommendations: include equipment performance and reliability objectives as an integral part of the operational program; maintain an effective maintenance andmore » repair data-collection system; conduct comprehensive equipment-failure analysis; establish structured corrective action procedures with high-level disposition; and conduct concurrent systems analysis and provide feedback to plant operations. The incorporation of these recommendations in future pilot and demonstration plants will yield major cost benefits in the operating phases of these programs and in future commercial plants.« less


Implantoprosthetic rehabilitation has become the main method to reestablish totally or partially edentulous patients, with a high success rate. However, some complications can cause implant loss. The main one is periimplantitis, with bone loss around the osseointegrated implant. However, implant fractures or incorrect implant position may compromise implant rehabilitation and require implant removal. Several techniques can be used for implant explantation, and the dental surgeon should opt for the easiest and most conservative technique, ensuring the greatest preservation of remaining bone tissue and aiming at the future reinstallation of another osseointegrated implant. Sometimes, associated Guided Bone Regeneration techniques may be necessary in conjunction with future implant installation, using various procedures or biomaterials. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a patient who underwent explantation of a fractured implant. A polypropylene membrane (BoneHealTM) was used and an implant was reinstalled 8 months after explantation.


The aim of this study is to check the effect of different morphologies of silver nanoparticles such as spherical, polygonal, disk, prism, and hierarchical on antimicrobial characteristics of cotton fabrics. Nanosilver particles have been synthesized in different morphologies. Then, the colloid nanosilver particles were applied to the cotton fabric pieces for 25 ppm by ultrasonic method in ambient temperature. Silver nanoparticles solutions were characterized by UV–visible and infrared absorption spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as antimicrobial tests which ultimately showed that non-spherical morphologies such as polygonal, prism, and hierarchical like shapes in comparison with spherical and disc morphologies exhibited stronger growth inhibitory effect against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus after five replicate standard washing processes. In addition, among various tested morphologies, the hierarchical like morphology showed a very well antimicrobial activity over 91% after five washing cycle.


Shanks' baby step-giant step algorithm is known to be a generic method for computing element orders and discrete logarithms in any finite abelian group. We show how this method can be optimized in various applications where more is known about the underlying group than just the group operation itself. Additional information includes situations when the distribution of the solution in a given search interval is known, when symmetries in the search interval or less expensive inversions exist, and when baby steps are less expensive than giant steps. In each case, this additional information can be readily used to obtain a speed-up of the algorithm. We apply the optimized methods to the computation of invariants of hyperelliptic function fields. Hereby, we are able to verify the speed-up in an important application.


Data stream mining has attracted many researchers'attention and has become a useful tool for many fields.A fundamental problem is how to use the limited storage space to mine frequent pattern efficiently.Based on comment of DSMS model,various frequent pattern mining algorithms are analyzed thoroughly and their characteristics and limitation are pointed out in this paper.Finally,future directions in data mining stream research are discussed.


Microaneurysm is a key indicator of diabetic retinopathy that can potentially cause damage to retina. Early detection and automatic quantification are the keys to prevent further damage. In this paper, which focuses on automatic microaneurysm detection in images acquired through non-dilated pupils, we present a series of experiments on feature selection and automatic microaneurysm pixel classification. We found that the best feature set is a combination of 10 features: the pixel's intensity of shade corrected image, the pixel hue, the standard deviation of shade corrected image, DoG4, the area of the candidate MA, the perimeter of the candidate MA, the eccentricity of the candidate MA, the circularity of the candidate MA, the mean intensity of the candidate MA on shade corrected image and the ratio of the major axis length and minor length of the candidate MA. The overall sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy are 84.82%, 99.99%, 89.01%, and 99.99%, respectively. Keywords—Diabetic retinopathy, microaneurysm, naive Bayes classifier


Let $V=\mathbb R^d$ be the Euclidean $d$-dimensional space, $\mu$ (resp $\lambda$) a probability measure on the linear (resp affine) group $G=G L (V)$ (resp $H= \Aff (V))$ and assume that $\mu$ is the projection of $\lambda$ on $G$. We study asymptotic properties of the iterated convolutions $\mu^n *\delta_{v}$ (resp $\lambda^n*\delta_{v})$ if $v\in V$, i.e asymptotics of the random walk on $V$ defined by $\mu$ (resp $\lambda$), if the subsemigroup $T\subset G$ (resp.\ $\Sigma \subset H$) generated by the support of $\mu$ (resp $\lambda$) is ``large''. We show spectral gap properties for the convolution operator defined by $\mu$ on spaces of homogeneous functions of degree $s\geq 0$ on $V$, which satisfy Holder type conditions. As a consequence of our analysis we get precise asymptotics for the potential kernel $\Sigma_{0}^{\infty} \mu^k * \delta_{v}$, which imply its asymptotic homogeneity. Under natural conditions the $H$-space $V$ is a $\lambda$-boundary; then we use the above results and radial Fourier Analysis on $V\setminus \{0\}$ to show that the unique $\lambda$-stationary measure $\rho$ on $V$ is "homogeneous at infinity" with respect to dilations $v\rightarrow t v$ (for $t>0$), with a tail measure depending essentially of $\mu$ and $\Sigma$. Our proofs are based on the simplicity of the dominant Lyapunov exponent for certain products of Markov-dependent random matrices, on the use of renewal theorems for ``tame'' Markov walks, and on the dynamical properties of a conditional $\lambda$-boundary dual to $V$.


The Government guidance fund establishes a number of special sub-funds in the form of a parent fund through cooperation with domestic and foreign financial institutions, enterprises and other social capital. It can solve the financing problems by using leverage. The Marina Bay New District is the new development zone in Dongguan city and is the important part of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau. To some extent, this regional construction can establish government guidance fund to solve the problem of many projects lacking large funding. Keywords—Marina Bay New District; government guidance fund; financing


A new software app aims to let people learn a new language while watching TV. Once downloaded, Fleex extracts the subtitle data in video footage stored on their computer or online--whether it's a movie in the language they want to learn or YouTube footage--and presents subtitles in both their native language and their target language. For now, Fleex teaches only English. It does not display all the English subtitles throughout a program, as that might swamp beginners with too much information.


ABSTRACT This study addresses a variant of job-shop scheduling in which jobs are grouped into job families, but they are processed individually. The problem can be found in various industrial systems, especially in reprocessing shops of remanufacturing systems. If the reprocessing shop is a job-shop type and has the component-matching requirements, it can be regarded as a job shop with job families since the components of a product constitute a job family. In particular, sequence-dependent set-ups in which set-up time depends on the job just completed and the next job to be processed are also considered. The objective is to minimize the total family flow time, i.e. the maximum among the completion times of the jobs within a job family. A mixed-integer programming model is developed and two iterated greedy algorithms with different local search methods are proposed. Computational experiments were conducted on modified benchmark instances and the results are reported.


This remedy,which was first brought to the attention of the medical profession by Dr. H. H. Rusby of the New York College of Pharmacy, seems to be gaining much favor. The results of many clinical investigations indicate that this drug is destined to become one of great usefulness in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs. The following botanical description is taken from the "Pharmacology of Newer Materia Medica:" "This species was first described by Dr. N. L. Britton of Columbia College, under the name ofSycocarpus Rusbyi, on the supposition that it was a new genus belonging to the natural orderAnacardiaceae. On the subsequent acquisition of complete specimens, Dr. Britton at once recognized the true affinities of the plant as being with the genusGuarea, natural orderMeliaceae, and referred it with some doubt to the speciesGuarea trichlioides, (Linn.) While it is certainly aGuarea, there


The thermal fatigue behavior in transversal and longitudinal directions in 8407 steel and 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel after the same heat treatment is studied with self restricting test method. The crack morphology and depth in both steels are analyzed, some typical specimens are also observed by SEM. It is shown that, compared to 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel, 8407 steel has finer and more dispersed carbide, therefore better thermal fatigue resistance. The difference in thermal fatigue behavior between transversal and longitudinal directions in 8407 steel is smaller than that in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel, corresponding to the different ratio of impact properties in the longitudinal direction to the transversal direction between both steels.


High-valent organopalladium(iv) chemistry has found many practical applications in catalytic oxidative functionalization of organic substrates. A number of important functional groups can be introduced into an organic molecule using C–X reductive elimination from the palladium(iv) center. A great variety of oxidants can be used to convert low-valent organopalladium species into their high-valent derivatives. Though our analysis was limited mostly to the cases of oxidative C–H functionalization, many other methods exist that allow the introduction of a hydrocarbyl ligand into the palladium(ii) coordination sphere. One can imagine that in some near future an even greater variety of C–X elimination reactions from palladium(iv) centers will be disclosed and, not less importantly, less expensive and environmentally more benign reagents will be used to achieve conversion of organopalladium(ii) species to their high-valent organopalladium derivatives. The latter may become possible as we improve our currently very limited understanding of mechanisms of oxidation of organopalladium(ii) complexes. Finally, the success of high-valent organopalladium chemistry boosted by new demanding practical applications of synthetic organic chemistry might lead to exploration and extensive growth of high-valent organometallic chemistry of some other transition metals.


Large scale molecular dynamics simulations of bulk melts of polar (poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pVDF)) polymers are utilized to study chain conformation and ordering prior to crystallization under cooling. While the late stages of polymer crystallization have been studied in great detail, recent theoretical and experimental evidence indicates that there are important phenomena occurring in the early stages of polymer crystallization that are not understood to the same degree. When the polymer melt is quenched from a temperature above the melting temperature to the crystallization temperature, crystallization does not occur instantaneously. This initial interval without crystalline order is characterized as an induction period. It has been thought of as a nucleation period in the classical theories of polymer crystallization, but recent experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical work suggest that the initial period in polymer crystallization is assisted by a spinodal decomposition type mechanism. In this study we have achieved physically realistic length scales to study early stages of polymer ordering, and show that spinodal-assisted ordering prior to crystallization is operative in polar polymers suggesting general applicability of this process.


With the development of western part of China,western cultural resource has cumulated deep arty cultural capital.The Globalization shortens the distance among people,while makes the road to others' heart become longer.As culture is responsible for shortening dissentience between cultures,so it should be set in the center of society.As humanity education can embed cultural resource into inner world,humanity has the same status to science.This article is used to deplore the education of tour﹑school education and community education,which displays the full function of western culture,and connects the deploring of cultural resources and the fostering of citizen quality.


By taking the characteristic Mazu hairstyle of Meizhou women as the object,it analyzed the formal beauty of the Mazu hairstyle and probed its cultural connotation in order to promote researching,protecting,and inheriting the Mazu culture.


1 Tips and traps in buying a personal computer.- 2 Tips and traps in buying software.- 3 Tips and traps in setting up your machine.- 4 Tips and traps in using DOS.- 5 Tips and traps in using Windows.- 6 Tips and traps in managing files.- 7 Tips and traps in wordprocessing.- 8 Tips and traps in using databases.- 9 Tips and traps in writing and designing documents with a computer.- 10 Tips and traps in using computers for research.- Appendix The Data Protection Act 1984. Guideline 1: Introduction to the Act.- References.


The invention relates to a micro external fixator with two dynamically-adjustable arms and belongs to the bone treatment apparatus technical field. The objective of the micro external fixator of the invention is to solve the problems of syndactylia joint deformity of palm phalanges, cicatricial contracture of a part of a hand between a thumb and an index finger and flexion deformity of interdigital joints. According to the micro external fixator of the invention, a first screw hole is formed at the top end surface of each long arm rod; a steel nail clamping hole and a second screw hole are formed at the upper end surface of each long arm rod; each first screw hole is communicated with a corresponding steel nail clamping hole; a tightening screw is mounted in each first screw hole and fixes a steel nail; a through hole rotating block and a blind hole rotating block are connected into the second screw holes of the long arm rods in a threaded manner; one end of a long screw is in threaded connection with a blind hole of the blind hole rotating block, and the other end of the long screw passes through a through hole of the through hole rotating block so as to be connected with a nut; the long screw is provided with a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut; a spring is arranged between the first adjusting nut and the through hole rotating block; and the lower ends of the two long arm rods are hinged to each other through a connecting flat plate and a convex-concave connection plate. The micro external fixator with the dynamically-adjustable arms of the invention is mainly used for the treatment of the syndactylia joint deformity of palm phalanges.


Due to spatially varying conditions the improvement of furrow irrigation efficiency should be sought not just for a limited number of furrows or for one specific irrigation event. A simplified predictive modeling approach of the averaged advance-infiltration process is proposed in this paper. Horton's equation, derived from the asymptotic form of the Talsma-Parlange infiltration equation, allows us to use a predictive approach for the advance infiltration process by means of the exact solution of the Lewis and Milne water balance equation. The references to the works of White and Sully, for a surface point source, result in the use of parameters which characterize the hydraulic properties of the soil: Δθ (saturated water content minus initial water content); Ks (saturated conductivity); and λc (macroscopic capillary length). The physical meaning of parameters involved in the proposed modeling is attested using field experiments carried out in a loamy soil plot context. Assuming a same Δθ measured value be...


Abstract : This report describes a program conducted by this laboratory in conjunction with the U.S. Army Engineer Division, Ohio River, for procurement of 78 industrialized sanitary facilities. Performance specifications and two-step formal advertising procedures were used to obtain the desired facilities. The low bid price was 53% of the conventional construction government estimate. The cost savings did not result from a particular design for sanitary facilities, but from the definition of the project and the manner in which the facilities were procured. Given a sufficient number of facilities within a particular geographic region, builders can reduce material costs through bulk purchasing, and labor costs through the learning-curve phenomenon. The labor cost savings, which is the significant one, can only be achieved if the builder is performing in its area of specialization; a sizable part of the builder's savings will be passed on to the purchaser only if other builders who are also permitted to achieve such savings are in competition. The key to the approach is performance specifications, which describe the facility requirements so that builders can propose individualized solutions suited to their particular skills; thus, performance specifications put other builders in competition on the same basis. Volume I describes the methodology followed during this program and includes detailed documentation of each stage, procurement guidelines and program implementation procedures.


Doctoral education in the UK embraces both independent self‐directed study and collective shared learning. The extent to which individual doctoral students remain isolated, or become integrated into a network of doctoral students, is a function of the attributes of the individual and the nature of the doctorate and its mode of delivery. Using the techniques of social network analysis, this cross‐sectional study investigated the extent of the connections between doctoral students, and the purposes these connections served amongst the doctoral community, comprising full‐time and part‐time PhD and Doctor of Business Administration students at Cranfield School of Management. The study shows that ties between students served multiple purposes. Generally students were connected to others studying in the same mode and who entered at the same time. Connectivity was unaffected by nationality or gender.


This article reports on the experiences of deaf and hard of hearing students at a Queensland university, which offers an extensive deaf student support program. Seventy‐two current students and graduates since the program's inception twenty years ago completed a survey about their experiences, highlights, challenges and use of communication tools and support services at university. Findings indicate, both quantitatively and qualitatively, that students valued the specialised support services they received, although challenges in accessing the academic curriculum remained for many students. In the important area of social factors, many students reported enjoying satisfying friendships and a sense of belonging with other deaf people, often for the first time, while others experienced feelings of social isolation in a largely hearing peer group. Overall, deaf and hard of hearing students who had attended Griffith over the 20 years had a high rate of graduation, comparing favourably with other university students.


In this paper,based on Beihou mountain landslide( reinforced by anchor-stabilizing piles),we design three centrifugal shaking table tests consisting of no reinforcement standard slope and slope with anchor-stabilizing piles to study the distribution law of contact stresses in front or back of stabilizing piles. The design process of the centrifugal shaking table test is introduced in detail,including similitude-scaling relationship determination,device selection,and model material selection,preparation of slope model,loading project,sensor placement,test program design and other preparation work. The method used in model test program design of this anchor-stabilizing pile will be helpful to other experimental studies.


School climate is a key factor in shaping a student's identity. The fourth industrial revolution has been a hot topic in addressing today's student challenges. Today's reality shows that human resource development is a major focus of organizations in addressing environmental change. Social problem symptoms are often caused by demotivate environment among secondary students. The school climate has a great impact on student self-esteem. This is not only for oneself but for the organization as a whole, including humanity and the unity of ummah. The main objective of the study is to investigate the influence of school climate on student self-esteem based on the strategies and practices used at the school. This quantitative approach employs survey design using questionnaire as a research instrument. A total of 368 respondents from religious secondary schools were tested using descriptive and inferential statistics. The correlation between variebal physical enviroment, community and leadership were tested. The study found that school climate has a significant impact on student self-esteem. Then regression analysis was used to predict the contribution from each variebal. The contribution of this study is obvious as the resulting outcomes can be capitalized as guidelines as the level of student achievement influence by high school climate implementation. Therefore, school climate studies should be conducted in order to establish a concept that can be used by all types of schools in Malaysia to create a good identity. The implications of this study are to shape the good generation who are ready to complement their individual capabilities in addressing the challenging industry 4.0 challenges.


Incidence of premature cardiovascular deaths in medical practitioners is on the increase. Lifestyle habits, psychosocial and emotional status of medical students has the potential to initiate the premature onset of cardiovascular disease. Gender differences in diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases is well known. However, data on gender differences in heart healthy status of medical students are sparce.

 To investigate the gender differences heart healthy lifestyle habits among undergraduate medical students of a medical college from low-and-middle income country in south Asia.

 All students pursing MBBS between 2017 and 2018 were included in the cross-sectional study. The study had Institutional ethics committee approval and the participation was voluntary. Anthropometric measurements (weight using digital weighting scale, height, waist and hip circumference using measuring tape), vital signs (pulse and blood pressure using digital manometer) and self-reported lifestyle/psychosocial cum behavioural pattern (using a specially designed proforma) were collected for all the participants. (525)

 824 medical students were enrolled in the study of whom 377 (45.8%) were women. Overall 37.1% had abnormal body mass index (BMI) and 27.8% had abnormal waist hip ratio (WHR). Overall 14% and 10.3% students had abnormal systolic (≤ 85 mm of Hg) or diastolic blood pressure(BP) (≤ 135 mm of Hg) readings respectively. 19.4% of students had either systolic or diastolic abnormal BP values.
 Gender differences: Abnormal BMI and abnormal WHR (Figure 1A) were found in similar proportion among women and men. However less women has abnormal BP readings compared to men. More men has abnormal diastolic BP and abnormal systolic BP compared to women. Either systolic or diastolic BP values were abnormal in lower proportion of women (7.8% vs 29.4%; P<0.001). Women had less physically active minutes per day compared to men (71.15 ± 68.2 vs 109. 38± 81.7; P < 0.001). A feeling of lack of self-worth (73.5%) was common among medical students, however no significant gender differences were observed (Figure 1B). Significantly more women students have harbored suicidal thoughts than men. Women students were more likely to feel life style counseling is necessary for medical students and were more likely to implement lifestyle changes if advised.

 High blood pressure and feeling of lack of self-worth is commonly observed in medical students. Women were more likely to harbor suicidal thoughts, bitterness and anger more likely to implement lifestyle modifications if advised. Interventions warranted at improving heart healthy lifestyle patterns is warranted, and must be optimized by observed gender differences.Figure 1Gender and life style habits


This paper describes the steps taken to assess the potential of a solvent extraction process for separating plutonium from neptunium. The plutonium, namely {sup 238}Pu, is of importance because it is the isotope used in making radioisotope thermoelectric generators and radioisotope heaters and is obtained by irradiating {sup 237}Np targets in a high neutron flux environment. After the neptunium targets have been irradiated, the targets could then be processed by solvent extraction methods.


### Sore throat

▸ Moss DA, Crawford P. Ear acupuncture for acute sore throat: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:697–705.

Pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) (n=54) of auricular acupuncture plus standard treatment versus standard treatment.

### Methods

Adults presenting with sore throat were randomly enrolled for either standard treatment (ibuprofen 600 mg) or standard treatment plus ear acupuncture (points chosen from cingulate gyrus, thalamus, omega 2, point zero, Shenmen ; unilateral or bilateral, semipermanent needles, to stay in place until falling out spontaneously). Antibiotics were prescribed depending on the result of a rapid Streptococcus antigen test. Pain scores (not defined) were measured before treatment, and 15 min, 6, 24 and 48 h post-treatment.

### Results

Fifty-six patients were enrolled, two were lost to follow-up. As shown in figure 1, participants in the acupuncture group reported significantly lower pain scores at 15 min (2.6 vs 6.0; p<0.0001), 6 h (2.5 vs 4.8; p=0.0005), and 24 h (1.9 vs 4.1), but not at 48 h (1.3 vs 2.3; p=0.063). Less consumption of pain relief medication was reported in the acupuncture group. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to time off work.

Figure 1
Sore throat pain scores, units not stated. Based on J Am Board Fam Med 28:697–705.

### Comments

The authors found significant improvement in pain relief from ear acupuncture added to pain relief medication. They achieved the number of subjects required according to their power calculation. The treatment was properly described and illustrated. However, there was no sham acupuncture group, and no blinding. From the perspective of a general practitioner (GP) in the National Health Service, how clinically significant is a treatment that gives benefit for <48 h, in a condition that settles spontaneously within a few days?

▸ Sriprasert I, Suerungruang S, Athilarp P, et al . Efficacy of acupuncture versus combined oral contraceptive pill in treatment of …


Today the serious casualties of Chinese coal mines happened frequently and caused great casualties and property losses. This situation is extremely associated with scarcity of advanced emergency management(EM) methods for emergences forecast & precaution and decision-making. Data integration of coal mine safety production (CMSP) system is the foundation of solving above problems. According to the multi-source and heterogeneous features of CMSP System, this paper analyzes several ways of data integrating, and concludes that the combination of data warehouse and middleware (named data-center) can solve the problems effectively. On this basis, a meta-framework model for coal mine EM system is established, and the data integration system for coal mine emergency decision-making is designed. At last, the conversion problem of heterogeneous-source data is analyzed.


Pears of the variety S. Bartolomeu (Pyrus communis L.) are used in Portugal to produce a traditional food product, obtained by open-air sun drying. The traditional processing has many disadvantages, namely the efficiency and the sanitary quality of the final product. For these reasons, attempts were made to study alternative production methodologies, including the use of a solar stove, a solar drier and a drying tunnel. In this work pears of the variety S. Bartolomeu, were dried in the three alternative systems mentioned, and their drying kinetics was studied. Eight different models from literature were tested and their performance was evaluated in terms of some statistical indicators. The results allowed concluding that the models Henderson & Pabis, Logarithmic and Vega-Lemus were the best to fit the experimental data. Furthermore, it was concluded that the solar drying was very dependent on the weather conditions. It was also possible to observe that the loss of water was much more uniform in the drying tunnel system when compared to the solar dryings, because in the tunnel the operating temperature and air velocity were constant.


of the Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua) stock over the last 100 years Gotje von Leesen *, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, and Steven E. Campana Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Earth Science and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: þ354 525 5104; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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