The power ratings of the drive systems used cyclic duty applications are dictated by the thermal considerations associated with the losses produced by the machine during an operating cycle and the specified production rate. A study was conducted to determine an expression that would describe these losses as a function of its operating speed and torque. Multiple regression was applied to the data collected from a set of sample machines for this purpose. Starting with the analysis of individual expressions for each of the components of losses in a DC machine, the author presents two regression models. The first one, based on a sample size of ten machines, provides an expression for determination of operating point losses at any specified speed and torque per unit of rated machine losses (at rated speed and torque). The second model provides an expression for the determination of rated losses in percent of machine power rating as a function of rated motor speed, armature volume, and percent armature droop. The design of the enclosure influences the power rating and hence the rated losses for a given armature volume. Mean estimates are presented for the determination of percent droop and armature volume for a range of power ratings from 50 to 800 hp.<<ETX>>


Trade in services accounts for a large and growing share of both production and employment in Cameroon. Services have been among the fastest-growing components of Cameroon's trade portfolio in sectors like telecommunications, information and communication technology, finance, transport and construction. Cameroon is endowed with potentials in the provision of services such as tourism, particularly ecotourism. However, the development of ecotourism still appears to be in its infancy. The country is still short of the objective to qualify as a developed tourism destination by the World Tourism Organisation standards. This raises important policy research questions. This paper examines the ecological assets and investigates the determinants of ecotourism in Cameroon; using an annual panel data of both primary and secondary data to analyse the economic, social, psychological and political impacts of ecotourism on local communities. The results revealed that the income of the origin countries, the price and the supply of available amenities in Cameroon significantly affect the demand for ecotourism services from Cameroon. The paper concludes that ecotourism has double-barrel potential to promote trade growth and enhance the welfare of local communities.


Empirical relations are frequently used to derive leaf area index (LAI). Such relations often make assumptions that make it hard to link the derived LAI to realistic trees and forest canopies. In previous work we developed a set of analytical expressions to describe LiDAR waveforms with only a limited number of assumptions based on radiative transfer. These expressions were a function of crown macro-structure and LAI. The expressions were successfully tested when applied on crown archetypes, but showed significant error when applied to more realistic crowns. In this study, we analyse the effect of clumping on inferring LAI from realistic trees. Despite the potential of the expressions to detect subtle changes in LAI, absolute inferred LAI values can be significantly off. However, the strong correlation between true and inferred LAI (R2 >; 0.97) for the two test cases in this study, allows for calibration of the inferred LAI values.


The Emergence of an Arts and Crafts Architect. The Northern Poet. Houses and Gardens. British Homes for Today. The Artistic Garden. The Art of Building. In Conclusion. Case Studies. Appendices.


Until now Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) studies have been carried out using chemical surfactants and polymers. This experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the possibility of using a biosurfactant and a biopolymer with sodium carbonate as a basis for ASP flooding for an Omani oil field. The reservoir was characterized as a potential candidate for ASP flooding having favorable properties such as high permeability (500-1000 mD), low oil viscosity (20-25 cp), favorable total acid number (0.1 mg KOH/g Oil) and high residual saturation (>20%). The study was done to design an optimum composition of Alkali/Biosurfactant/Biopolymer (AbSbP) slug and apply it for enhancing oil recovery in both reservoir cores and Berea cores. The interfacial tension between various solutions containing alkali, biosurfactant and biopolymer was measured. Interfacial tension values in the range of 0.02-0.1mN/m were achieved at low biosurfactant and alkali concentrations. The interaction of the biopolymer with the brine, biosurfactant and alkali was investigated in terms of their effect on its viscosity at reservoir temperature of 50 0C. An AbSbP slug containing 1.1 wt.% sodium carbonate, 20 v/v% biosurfactant broth and 20 v/v% biopolymer broth has been recommended for the final core flooding experiment. Core flooding experiments were conducted using reservoir cores and Berea cores by injecting the formulated AbS and AbSbP slugs after brine flooding. Maximum additional oil recovery obtained was 14% and 32% of oil initially in place (OIIP) from the reservoir cores and Berea cores respectively. Such difference in additional recovery was mainly due to the vast difference in the mineralogical composition of the two rock types.


EU External Action in the Field of Development Cooperation and Trade : Economic Partnership Agreements as a tool for development


A vlog or videoblog is a series of videos that feature someone speaking to the camera to present entertainment, reflection, opinion, or education. Collaborative vlogs (CVLs) involve multiple people taking joint ownership of a vlog through asynchronous interaction, discussion, and expression. This paper explores how online video helped create communities of practice both within the classroom and beyond through developing connections with each other that extended their interactions from the classroom to the Internet. Additionally, they creatively explored new ways to express themselves, developed their identities, and discussed pertinent topics regarding music, technology, and education. To explore the sociological vectors of culture and identity, I adapted a framework of aliveness within communities of practice developed by Wenger, McDermott, and Snyder (2002) to analyze seven semesters of student reflections on CVL projects in music courses that serviced music education majors, elementary education majors, and students from a variety of majors. Through CVLs, students have explored mediated musical practices and shared their lives and experiences in ways that classmates and instructors do not get to see when limited to the classroom. Students and vloggers alike deal with issues of trust within our digital society, and by critically analyzing how the participants in this study developed relationships with each other and me as their instructor, we can better understand how to move forward in the classroom and through social media, video broadcasting sites, and blogging. While the participants in this study were music students, CVLs can be applied to any discipline.


Natural selection needs variation, and for evolutionary change to result, this variation must have a genetic basis. This genetic variation is a result of mutations, here used in a broad sense incorporating all genetic changes from single nucleotide substitutions to gene duplications and transposable elements. These mutations are usually regarded as random and spread over the genome in a stochastic way. Mutation rates per generation are typically quite low, but given enough time and large enough population size, any mutation can be expected. Still, due to the stochastic nature of mutations, it is an imprecise way in which new adaptive genetic variation is created. The focus of the review article by Abbott et al. (2013) is hybridization, mainly seen in a speciation framework. In contrast to random mutations, the input of new genetic variation as a result of hybridization is at a very different and larger scale and thus has the potential to be far more effective than a long wait for the right mutations to occur. Hybridization has had a troublesome history and has frequently been seen as a rare and unfortunate accident. Given the data that have accumulated, we now know that hybridization is far more common than previously thought, and therefore, the paper by Abbott et al. (2013) is very timely. The technological advances in recent years have made it possible to make detailed studies of what happens at the genomic level when two species hybridize. This has naturally led to a search for the genes that makes hybrid unfit, based on the reproductive isolation ('biological') species concept. This line of research is to a large extent based on so-called Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) models where speciation occurs through postzygotic isolation when certain allele combinations result in unfit offspring. If certain alleles are fixed at alternate states in different populations, every hybridization event will result in a combination that is not viable, and hence, the two populations are reproductively isolated. This model with its extensions is a very simplistic way of seeing it if taken literally. After all, there are many reasons, listed by Abbott et al. (2013) to believe that the evolution of reproductive isolation is far more complicated than a two-locus, two-allele DM models even if we are restricting ourselves to post-zygotic isolation. However, making extensions to the basic model to involve more complicated genetic details is not the way to go as this will reduce the generality of the model. Instead, the DM models should be seen as a general framework for the evolution of reproductive isolation by post-zygotic mechanisms. The models show that fixation of incompatible alleles is a way by which reproductive isolation can evolve, but they should not be seen as predictions about the genetics more than in a general sense. In this way, the model is amendable for testing and so far the results are mixed (Gourbiére & Mallet, 2010), and there are reasons to believe that prezygotic mechanisms are more important than the post-zygotic mechanism depicted by the DM models in speciation (Coyne & Orr, 2004; Gourbiére & Mallet, 2010). This does not exclude DM mechanisms to occur in some cases and prezygotic mechanisms being more important in other cases. As will be argued below, a mixed result with regard to mechanisms of speciation is exactly what we can expect to find. I will make the point that a systematic search for patterns of genomic effects of hybridization, which then in turn can result in predictions about the outcome of future hybridization events, will not be very successful in one sense, but more so in another sense. The reasons why I do not think we will see any strong patterns are as follows. Assume we have two species, each with a long and independent history. It is quite likely that they have diverged due to the evolution of speciesspecific adaptations (selection) and have diverged due to drift in other parts of the genome. When they eventually meet, hybridization might fail for many reasons, from genetic incompatibilities to hybrids being in between two ecological niches. Some of these failures are thus a result of adaptive divergence, and some are due to differences that might be neutral within a species, but cause incompatibility between species. These are the hybridization events we will never see, and constitute the missing data problem so evident in all evolutionary biology; complete failures leave no trace, and hence, we do not know about them. This makes an estimate of the proportion of hybridization events that actually lead to speciation biased upwards to an unknown extent. However, the fate of a hybridization event is correlated with the time since divergence so that there will be a continuum where hybridization ranges from total failure to success. It all depends on the history of the two species, and the selection that has acted on the two species. If selection has been similar in the two species for a long time, then they might be fairly similar (but see Prunier et al., 2012) and hence have an increased probability of successful hybridization, and if selection has been very different, the probability might be lower. Thus, history has two Correspondence: Mats Björklund, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 72 Uppsala, Sweden. Tel.: +46 18 471 26 66; fax: +46 18 471 6484; e-mail: email@example.com


OBJECTIVES Problems related to medication use portend poor outcomes, but resources for expanding clinical pharmacy services are limited. We conducted a pilot study in the area of cardiology to determine the impact and feasibility of a trainee-integrated pharmacy practice (TIPP) model comprised of pharmacy residents and a clinical pharmacist. METHODS Coverage of 2 acute care and 1 intensive care team was distributed among 1 clinical pharmacist and 3 pharmacy residents. Patient care services included interdisciplinary rounds, order verification, medication reconciliation, counseling, clinical monitoring, and documentation. A pharmacy technician collected medication histories for newly admitted patients. Data related to medication reconciliation, clinical interventions, and time requirements were collected. Clinical services were compared to historical controls where data were available. RESULTS Over the 18-day pilot study, the mean daily census consisted of 33.4 ± 5.3 patients. Admission medication reconciliation was performed on 8.1 patients per day, resulting in the discovery of 3.5 discrepancies per patient. Of 18 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, 9 were counseled prior to discharge. Compared to historical controls, the number of patients receiving medication reconciliation and discharge counseling improved by 81% and 70%, respectively (both P < .05). A total of 763 clinical interventions were recommended (42.4 per day), with many recognized in peer-reviewed literature as conferring improvements in clinical outcomes. Members of the model were active for a mean of 10–12 hours each day, with 6.3–7.2 hours corresponding to direct patient care. LIMITATIONS This was a single-arm, observational pilot study. CONCLUSION Implementation of a TIPP model significantly expanded clinical pharmacy services on an acute care cardiology service, but it required significant time commitments.


The stable isotope composition and the tritium content of precipitation analysed within the framework of the IAEA/WMO Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) have been evaluated for the Indian stations Bombay and New Delhi representing two different regions of the Indian Monsoon. The rainfall at New Delhi is controlled by north‐west moving depressions with diverse routes and variable transit times over the land subsequent to their formation at the head of Bay of Bengal. In contrast, Bombay rains are caused by spatially locked cyclonic vortices on the west coast of India with continuous supply of oceanic moisture resulting in negligible isotopic variation over the rainy months. The evaluation of the long‐term isotope data of the two stations provided specific information on monsoon rain formation mechanism and the moisture source of the monsoon rains. The average isotope ratios clearly represent an imprint of oceanic moisture during the summer monsoon and of continental moisture during the winter monsoon period. The rainout efficiency is about 30% in case of Bombay (representative of west coast region) and about 56% in case of New Delhi (representative of north Indian Plains). Furthermore, the isotope data indicate that the moisture for low‐intensity rains during the post‐monsoon phase originates from the Asian continent.


This chapter aligns with Chapters 1 to 3 in the client workbook. Chapter 1 covers the types of problems this program was designed to address; helps clients determine whether their difficulties fit with this program; and helps clients gain a basic understanding of how the therapy was tested in research. Chapter 2 provides an overview of skills that clients will learn in this treatment; highlights the importance of practicing these skills; describes how this treatment can be used in combination with other treatments like medication, nutrition counseling, and other forms of therapy; and helps determine if now is the right time for a client to begin this program. Chapter 3 teaches the importance of recordkeeping and introduces Form 3.1: Eating, Depression, and Anxiety (EDA), a form to be completed throughout the treatment program.


Giving the ratification of the ballast water management convention, a number of ballast water treatment technologies are emerging in the maritime industry; however, choosing the most appropriate technology has been a big challenge for ship owners because it is a very complex and critical task. The aim of this article is to propose a multi-attribute decision analysis model which integrates the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and the weighted linear combination method into a more comprehensive approach to select the most appropriate ballast water treatment technology for ship owners. The proposed model consists of 6 attributes (i.e. technological readiness, commercial readiness, operational readiness, seafarer's skills readiness, biological efficacy readiness and cost of ballast water treatment technologies) and 17 ballast water treatment technologies among which ship owners can choose the best. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to obtain more realistic weights of the attributes, while the weighted linear combination is applied to prioritize the technologies. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, it is applied to select the best ballast water treatment technology for a ship owner in Ghana. The result shows that the ballast water treatment technology which uses membrane filter is selected as the best. Sensitivity analysis is then carried out to determine the effect of changing attributes' weights on the final priority rankings of the ballast water treatment technologies. Finally, the model is validated by comparing the obtained results to those from the PROMETHEE model and both results are consistent.


Traditional expert systems have been developed and used in many aspects of accounting for several years. Expert systems have been constructed for auditing, tax and managerial accounting tasks. During the past two years, GAAP-based expert systems have been built and placed into use. This new type of system provides guidance in solving complex accounting problems involving leases, business combinations, etc. To date, little developmental work on governmental accounting expert systems has been reported. Yet, many issues in governmental accounting would lend themselves to expert system construction. Since the benefits of expert systems are documented, the potential for expert system development in the governmental accounting area appears high. The purpose of this article is to describe the components of an expert system and how they work. A brief description of traditional and GAAP-based expert systems that have been developed is provided. Finally, several examples of areas in governmental accounting suitable for expert system construction are discussed. EXPERT SYSTEM COMPONENTS The working parts of an expert system are a knowledge base and an inference engine. In addition, expert systems include a user interface program, and in the most powerful expert systems an explanation facility is included. Exhibit 1 depicts the relation ship among the components of an ex pert system. (Exhibit 1 omitted) KNOWLEDGE BASE The knowledge base includes facts about a specific topic or domain and rules for applying those facts. These facts and rules explain procedures or identify relationships. In addition to the facts and concepts about a particular domain, the knowledge base includes the heuristic rules an expert has developed through years of experience in solving a particular problem. These rules of thumb are known as heuristics. Software engineers or knowledge engineers who specialize in expert systems obtain information from domain experts and enter it into the knowledge base. Domain experts are people who are experts on the topic area for which the expert system is being designed. Many expert systems store the knowledge an expert provides in the form of production rules. These if then type rules represent condition and action knowledge. The "if' part of the rule specifies the condition and the "then" part indicates the appropriate action. For example if condition A is true then take action B. If the condition part of the rule is true then the action part is performed. An expert system that makes use of production rules is called a rule-based system. INFERENCE ENGINE Once the knowledge of an expert has been entered into the knowledge base, the inference engine enables the expert system to access the knowledge. The inference engine is a computer program which drives the expert system as it draws an inference by relating user supplied facts to a knowledge base rule and then proceeding to the next fact, rule combination. At each step, the inference engine recognizes the proper rule from the knowledge base and matches it with information supplied by the user. This process provides a chain in which the then part of one rule forms a link to the if part of the next rule. This chaining eventually leads to the most likely conclusion based upon the knowledge contained in the knowledge base and the inference drawn by the inference engine. USER INTERFACE The user interface is the component of an expert system that provides communication between the inference engine and the expert system user. The expert system asks questions and the user provides responses. The inference engine uses the user interface to make inquiries of the user for facts about the information contained in the knowledge base. In addition, the user interface delivers the expert system's conclusion and also explains the system's reasoning. It then relates the user supplied responses to knowledge base rules to make a decision about the problem. …


A process for trivalent chromium electroplating in sulphate system was established.The performance parameters of the resulting Cr coating were measured and compared with that of similar imported coatings.It was found that the coated titanium cathode(DSA)used for the preparation of the electroplated Cr coating had a long life and was able to retard the generation of Cr6+.At the same time,the plating bath had good stability,with the current density range for bright electrodeposition to be 2~25 A/dm2,throwing power to be 84%~100%,and covering power to be 100%.The resulting electrodeposited coating had white-bright color accompanied by slight blue,with the crystallite to be highly fine and the comprehensive properties to be comparable to that of similar imported coatings.


This paper analyses construction thinking of building energy efficiency and green building model system by means of model construction,model simulation and model application technology which are widely used in scientific research field.This paper discusses the significance and function of building energy efficiency and green building model system,then the composition,construction steps and methods of building energy efficiency and green building model system are mainly discussed.


3D printing is a rapidly evolving technology at the forefront of biomedical innovation and cardiovascular 3D printing is one of the most common medical applications (1). Technical advances in biomedical 3D printing have been driven by improved printer technology and image segmentation tools, however, clinical and research applications of cardiovascular are still catching up to such rapid technical advances.


The argument that I propose here is a simple one: to rethink the humanities in Africa we have to reclaim and repackage the past; set appropriate boundaries t...


A highly resolved ESR spectrum of dissolved polyphenylacetylene has been measured at 120°C. It was found by simulation that the protons of three phenyl groups and two protons of the carbon chain contribute to the spectrum. The structure of the corresponding paramagnetic centre is given.


NUTRITIONAL deficiencies are a frequent cause of serious eye disease in India. Oomen (1961) reported a mortality of nearly 30 per cent. in young children with keratomalacia and an even higher proportion in those with protein malnutrition; about 25 per cent. of the survivors became totally blind, and about 60 per cent. were left with reduced vision in one or both eyes. Deficiency diseases revealed by dietary surveys have included xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, angular stomatitis, and phrynoderma. Gilroy (1951) observed xerophthalmia in 250 out of 4,191 children from 44 estates in Assam. Sundararajan (1963) found signs of vitamin A deficiency in 35 to 45 per cent. of schoolchildren in Calcutta. Chandra, Venkatachalam, Belavadi, Reddy, and Gopalan (1960) reported that lack of protein and vitamin A was the most frequent cause of nutritional deficiency disorders in India; out of 14,563 children examined in a 5-year period, 2,245 showed malnutrition, 551 vitamin A deficiency, and 157 keratomalacia. Rao, Swaminathan, Swarup, and Patwardhan (1959) observed two to five cases ofvitamin A deficiency for every case of kwashiorkor. A world-wide survey of xerophthalniia carried out in nearly fifty countries (including countries in Asia) by WHO in 1962-1963 revealed that this was often the most important cause of blindness in young children. Scrimshaw (1959), McLaren (1963), and UNICEF (1963) concluded that vitamin A deficiency was one of the main nutritional problems in tropical and subtropical areas. Table I (opposite) shows the cases of eye disease due to malnutrition in patients attending the Ophthalmic Department of Madurai Medical College, Madurai in a 3-year period. The incidence of vitamin A deficiency was studied in the ophthalmic department of the Government Erskine Hospital, Madurai, during a 3-week period in December, 1960. Table II (opposite) gives the results by age. Of 108 cases, 61 were aged between I and 4 years. The fact that children below 5 years of age were most often affected confirms the conclusions of Chandra and others (1960).


Lentricchia's book declares at the outset that it will not encompass the work of American Marxian intellectuals Uke Jameson and Edward Said, and the reservation, while formally acceptable, is perhaps symptomatic of a political unclarity. Yet paradoxically Lentricchia's is the more political book—not in its positions, to be sure, which remain somewhat negative and ambiguous, but in its possible effects . . . Lentricchia's text, altogether more acerbic and polemical (Frye is a "great" critic for Jameson, but a formalist pest for Lentricchia), belongs in a full sense to the "class-struggle at the level of theory," even if it does not fully recognize itself as such. Lentricchia is out, not to produce new critical readings, but to knock the stuffing out of bourgeois criticism; it is not surprising that one of his victims has already threatened, absurdly, to sue.1


With regard to social-cognitive deficits in autism and psychosis, Crespi & Badcock's (C&B's) theory does not incorporate the developmental context of the disorders. We propose that there is significant overlap in social-cognitive impairments, but that the exact manifestation of social-cognitive deficits is highly dependent on the dynamics of cognitive development and hence different in autism as compared to psychosis.


In this work we consider a microseismic dataset acquired during a hydraulic stimulation of a shale gas reservoir in the Horn River Basin. We apply our common-receiver gather technique to analyze microseismic waveforms and to detect multiple arrivals of the slow shear wave. This information is extremely useful for velocity model inversion because it helps to constrain the anisotropy parameters in the target layer. We also show that even advanced microseismic monitoring system that includes two non vertical borehole receiver arrays may introduce ambiguity into a grid search based microseismic event location algorithm. To overcome this problem we present a location workflow that in addition to arrival times takes into account polarizations of the P-wave as well as crosscorelations between microseismic recordings. We show how this updated workflow improves quality of event localization.


Effect of different lights (Red. Green and Blue) were studied on growth of Spirulina, in comparison to sunlight. Effect of different depths (5 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm) of culture medium were also recorded. Red light having longer wave length, was found to be superior to Green and Blue, which have same wave length and similar effect. All the lights were superior to sunlight. As for the depths of culture medium, 12-15 cm was preferable in summer and 10 cm in winter for domestic scale culture of Spirulina in Bangladesh.


This study assesses the effects of internal climate variability on wave height trend assessment using the d4PDF-WaveHs, the first single model initial-condition large ensemble (100-member) of significant wave height (Hs) simulations for the 1951–2010 period, which was produced using sea level pressure taken from Japan's d4PDF ensemble of historical climate simulations. Here, the focus is on assessing trends in annual mean and maximum Hs. The result is compared with other model simulations that account for other sources of uncertainty, and with modern wave reanalyses. It is shown that the trend variability arising from internal climate variability is comparable to the variability caused by other factors, such as climate model uncertainty. This study also assesses the likelihood to mis-estimate trends when using only one ensemble member and therefore one possible realization of the climate system. Using single member failed to detect the statistically significant notable positive trend shown in the ensemble in some areas of the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic Ocean is found to have large internal climate variability, where different ensemble-members can show trends of the opposite signs for the same area. The minimum ensemble size necessary to effectively reduce the risk of mis-assessing Hs trends is estimated to be 10; but this largely depends on the specific wave statistic and the region of interest, with larger ensembles being required to assess extremes. The results also show that wave reanalyses are not suitable for analyzing Hs trends due to temporal inhomogeneities therein, in agreement with recent studies.


Objective: Historical and current athletic training education literature rarely references any educational theory or instructional model. This article reviews research related to mastery learning a...


There are different oscillation modes in inter - area system,while the dominant low damping or negative damping mode should be focused on. It is needed to select appropriate swing curve to distill the dominant mode. The insufficiencies of two-machine relative curve,one-machine relative COA curve and one-machine relative COI curve are analyzed. It is pointed out that,EEAC uses the concept of classification to determine the center of dominant oscillation mode and weakens the influences of other modes by tracking clustering;an equivalent single-machine curve is then obtained by relative moving to distill the low-frequency oscillation information. Case simulation shows that EEAC model can get dominant oscillation information and display the center of system oscillation.


We investigate unitary matrix models in the scaling limit using the method of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. We show that, f or a certain choice of coupling constants, string equations belong to the same univesality class as equations obtained from Hermitian matrix models. In addition, we show how a new class of string equations emerges as a consequence of the compactness of the unitary groups.


It is well known that the response of a multisphere spectrometer systems falls off drastically with increasing neutron energy above {approximately}20 MeV. At high-energy accelerators, >50% of the neutron dose equivalent outside shielding may be due to neutrons of energy above 50 MeV. It is customary to obtain the high-energy component of the neutron flux using the {sup 11}C(n,2n){sup 12}C reaction, which has a threshold of {approx}20 MeV. This information may be incorporated in the unfolding procedures to obtain more complete neutron spectra. The authors have measured the neutron spectra outside the concrete shielding of two accelerators. One of these was the TRIUMF 500-MeV cyclotron facility in Vancouver, Canada, and the other the KEK 12-GeV proton synchrotron at Tsukuba, Japan.


Eco-aesthetics springs alive in recent years.The traditional and deathly nature has an autocephalous esthetic value because of its internal and living vitality.However,eco-aesthetics is challenged and denied while it is bringing many opportunities to aesthetics.Lao Tzu aesthetics has already confirmed the natural essence of vitality provides a profound basis and theory for studying eco-aesthetics.


Using normal-incidence X-ray standing wavefield absorption (NIXSW) including site triangulation via measurements at (111) and (text-decoration:overline111) reflections of both the O and Na X-ray absorption, we have investigated the local adsorption sites produced by O chemisorption onto a room-temperature-prepared Al(111)(√3 ×√3)R 30°-Na surface. The structure of the pure alkali-metal phase has been shown previously, by SEXAFS and NIXSW, to involve Na substitution of top-layer Al atoms, and these sites are unchanged in the early stages of O chemisorption. The new NIXSW results indicate that in this stage the O atoms adsorb atop the Na atoms with an NaνO spacing of ca. 2.05 A. This site provides a clear rationalisation for the results of Na and Al 2p core-level spectroscopy which indicate that the dominant O bonding is to the Na atoms and not to the Al, as in O chemisorption on the clean Al(111) surface. An alternative interpretation of the NIXSW data based on adsorption to near-hcp hollow sites is difficult to reconcile with the very short NaνO bond length associated with this site, and with the implied inequivalence of hcp and fcc sites despite the local NaνO bonding found in photoemission.


Nitrates are presently used in the therapy for angina pectoris. They have both direct coronary vascular and indirect systemic effects; each appears to contribute to their anti-anginal efficacy. The various nitrate preparations, including the newer preparations recently made clinically available, have varying utilities in the relief of acute ischemic pain or for anginal prophylaxis. Nitrate tolerance and dependence are proved phenomena, yet their impact on the clinical usage of nitrates is not clearly defined. The utility of nitrates, including intravenous nitroglycerin, in the treatment of unstable angina and vasospastic angina is well documented. Their efficacy compared with that of calcium channel blockers is still being investigated. The reported adverse effects of nitrates are few, despite their many years of usage in clinical medicine.


The relative accuracies of atmospheric temperature profiles retrieved from HIRS2, the current operational infra-red temperature sounder, and AMTS, a proposed advanced high-spectral resolution infra-red sounder were compared. The sounding simulation test compared retrievals generated by GLAS, using their physical retrieval algorithm, and NESDIS, using their operational statistical regression algorithm, for both instruments under clear and cloudy conditions. Test results for both conditions are summarized in tables showing RMS temperature errors for 18 tropospheric layers, 4 stratospheric layers, and surface skin temperature. The improvement of the AMTS instrument over HIRS2, particularly for cloudy conditions is demonstrated. The GLAS retrievals are more accurate than the operational NESDIS retrieval, especially with increasing cloud cover.


Digital Electronic Technology course is one of the important professional basic courses of electronic information engineering major.In many years of teaching practice,we implement the new concept of teaching reform,integrated the new teaching thought and methods into the teaching.updating teaching system and teaching content.At classroom teaching and experimental teaching,we innovate the teaching methods,The new teaching concept,detail methods and experience is introduced in this paper.


Psychological coping can moderate the relationship between job demands and strain symptoms. (See, eg, reference 1 .) In addition the career stage or age of the worker (2, 3) can modify this relationship. It is also interesting to compare these relationships in different cultural contexts (3, 4). Coping and other types of problem solving characterize managerial work. Thus managers presented an appropriate group with which to study these relationships. Coping mechanisms are used when a person is adapting to difficult or stressful situations in a job or outside it. These mechanisms can reduce the negative perception of job demands, help to handle strain symptoms, or have a buffering effect on the job demandstrain relationship. Coping mechanisms can be divided into active problem solving or emotion-focused coping. In a positive case they are able to prevent negative stress, but inappropriate coping can also strengthen adverse stress.


After 20 years of development, the impact of Fund holdings in corporate governance has also received more and more attention. This paper analyzes the governance effect of fund holdings from the perspective of real activities earnings management, and considers the nature of the firm and the impact of the fund industry reform in 2012. This paper took the data of a-share listed companies from 2006 to 2017 as the sample, referred to the model Roychowdhury used to measure the level of real activity earnings management, and used multiple linear regression method for empirical analysis. The findings are as follows: fund holdings have a significant inhibitory effect on real earnings management; when considering the nature of enterprises, the inhibiting effect is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises, but not in state-owned enterprises; when considering the fund industry changes in 2012, this inhibition is more pronounced after the change. The above results show that the fund can exert its earnings management governance effect by supervising the management and restricting the major shareholders. The state-owned enterprise nature will limit its governance effect, and the fund industry standard development and active guidance will strengthen its governance effect.


Background More than half of the cases of fetal structural anomalies have no known cause with standard investigations like karyotype testing and chromosomal microarray. The differential metabolic profiles of amniotic fluid (AF) and maternal blood may reveal valuable information about the physiological processes of fetal development, which may provide valuable biomarkers for fetal health diagnostics. Methods This cohort study of singleton-pregnant women had indications for amniocentesis, including structural anomalies and a positive result from maternal serum screening or non-invasive prenatal testing, but did not have any positive abnormal karyotype or chromosomal microarray analysis results. A total of 1580 participants were enrolled between June 2021 and March 2022. Of the 1580 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis, 294 were included in the analysis. There were 137 pregnant women in the discovery cohort and 157 in the validation cohort. Results High-coverage untargeted metabolomic analysis of AF revealed distinct metabolic signatures with 321 of the 602 metabolites measured (53%) (false discovery rate, q < 0.005), among which amino acids predominantly changed in structural anomalies. Targeted metabolomics identified glutamate and glutamine as novel predictive markers for structural anomalies, their vital role was also confirmed in the validation cohort with great predictive ability, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.862 and 0.894 respectively. And AUCs for glutamine/glutamate were 0.913 and 0.903 among the two cohorts. Conclusions Our results suggested that the aberrant glutamine/glutamate metabolism in AF is associated with nonchromosomal modificantions fetal structural anomalies. Based on our findings, a novel screening method could be established for the nonchromosomal modificantions fetal structural anomalies. And the results also indicate that monitoring fetal metabolic conditions (especially glutamine and glutamine metabolism) may be helpful for antenatal diagnosis and therapy. Graphical Abstract General view of aberrant glutamate and glutamine metabolism in fetal ultrasound anomalies.


The advancement of modern information technology has brought innovative ideas to education and has also supported education reform and development. At present, China's education information level has significantly improved, providing strong support for wisdom education development. In our opinion, wisdom education is a very pertinent choice and essential trend of China's education development in the information age. This article discusses the correct understanding of wisdom education, clarifies the basic structure of wisdom education, and makes several suggestions for the development of wisdom education.


Objective To investigate schistosomiasis surveillance methods and warning points in the Yangtze river estuary along south Jiangsu section.Methods We set up warning points of key data and then formulate the surveillance methods according the oncomelania ecology and spreading regular pattern.Results We get three surveillance methods,which were oncomelania surveillance,patient surveillance and hydrology surveillance.And We get five warn ing points.The first was flow velocity which in the Jiangyin city goose NIB shape section was less than 1.9 m/s.The second point was low tide which reacheo the top of white beach.The third was difference of tide which was less than 0.5 m.The fourth was floater on which,we found oncomelania in the Yangtze estuary section.And the last was on comelania which were found in the Yangtze estuary section.Conclusion In the Yangtze river estuary along south Jiangsu section,the key point of schistosomiasis surveillance is hydrological surveillance.


SUPPLIER Company Name Freescale Semiconductor Inc Company Unique ID 14-141-7928 Response Date 2018-06-25 Response Document ID 009JK50001S588A1.27 Contact Name Freescale Semiconductor Inc Contact Title Product Technical Support Contact Phone 1-800-521-6274 Contact Email firstname.lastname@example.com Authorized Representative Daniel Binyon Representative Title EPP Customer Response Representative Phone 512-895-3406 Representative Email email@example.com URL for Additional Information www.freescale.com


The complexation conditions and complex characteristics of 1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), a typical hydrolyzable tannin, and Ge4+ were studied. Species of the PGG-Al3+ complex formed in various water-methanol systems (20% to 100%, v/v) were investigated. The results showed that the amount of PGG and Ge in the precipitate was substantially influenced by the initial Ge/PGG molar ratio. The highest amount of the precipitate was obtained at the initial Ge/PGG molar ratio of 1:2 and the stoichiometric ratio (Ge/PGG molar ratio) of the precipitates gradually decreased from 0.72 to 0.30 concomitant to a decrease in the initial Ge/PGG molar ratio from 1:1 to 1:4. Precipitation experiments of Ge4+ by four hydrolyzable tannins from Chinese gallnut (TA), chestnut shell (CT), Platycarya strobilacea infructescence (PT), and Valonia (VT) were compared. The results indicated that the amount of the precipitate was substantially influenced by the initial tannin/Ge ratio and pH and was slightly influenced by the reaction time. The highest amount of the precipitate was obtained at the initial tannin/Ge mass ratio of 2.3:1 and pH 7.2. Stability of the TA-Ge, CT-Ge, VT-Ge, and PT-Ge precipitates in several solutions was determined. The TA-Ge precipitates showed relatively high stability in the test solvents compared to that of other tannins.


Medico. Mestre em Saude Coletiva e Doutor em Ciencias. Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Access to medications is an integral part of the right to health, consecrated in the constitution (CF, 1988) and in several other legal instruments, as well as being a fundamental component of health care, currently representing one of the greatest challenges to the concretization of this right, considered the integrality of health. Besides contributing to taxes that finance the public health system, families spend a considerable portion of their income on medications and other health supplies and services, often sacrificing the attendance of other elementary needs. Medications are not common market goods and being essential to health and people's lives, they should be more accessible to the whole population, in fulfillment of the universal right of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). The production, distribution, advertizing, sale and dispensing of medications depend on specific instruments and legal conditions. In the present debate, in which the central question is the advertizing of medications in teaching environments and as proposed in the article by Palacios, Rego and Lino (2008), other themes relevant to the health system and quality of life of the population are implicit. These themes concern both


Endothelial cells in the neointima undergo a transition to the mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting a therapeutic target for vein graft restenosis (Cooley et al., this issue). Endothelial cells in the neointima undergo a transition to the mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting a therapeutic target for vein graft restenosis (Cooley et al., this issue).


In order to understand the influence of train speed,RBC handover time,etc.on the quality of RBC handover,and clarify the misunderstanding on the safety of RBC handover protocols,it chosen the stochastic Petri net as the formal description tool to establish the RBC handover model of Chinese train control system level 3.By theoretical analysis and simulations,verified the reliability,safety and rationality of RBC handover protocol A,B under the condition of high-speed train running in RBC handover area with different speed.Because the interruption interval had been taken into account by the RBC handover protocol B,as a redundant measure of protocol A,it has no safety problem in terms of the success probability of RBC handover,but the reduction of RBC handover efficiency has a negative impact on the efficiency of train operation.On the other hand,as the train speed increases,the reliability of RBC handover will go down.To keep the reliability meeting with requirements of the related standards,increasing the overlapping coverage areas between the adjacent RBCs,radio-field strength and the time margin of train headway can be taken into account.


Hanging is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Hanging out can occur because of suicide, murder, accident, or punishment. This study focuses on the identification of neck injuries found in suicidal hanging and homicidal hanging cases. The literature screening was performed on 3 Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. All English case studies and case reports were included. No data limit was applied. After the critical appraisal, 10 case reports of homicidal hanging and suicidal hanging, as well as 7 case studies of suicidal hanging. This study has identified and synthesized evidence from 17 studies of homicidal hanging and suicidal hanging. The traces found were in the form of ligature mark (number, location, direction), muscle bleeding, cartilage fractures and other signs of violence. This study can be used by professionals in the field of forensic pathology to understand cases of homicidal hanging and suicidal hanging, and introduce the importance of literature study in the field of forensic science.


An approach to retrieving reusable software components by means of module specifications is described. The approach depends on normalizing specifications to reduce the variations in the representation of software concepts. The concept is illustrated in terms of both formal and informal approaches to component specifications.


In the predominantly monoecious genus Begonia, pollen is the only floral reward to pollinators. To investigate the hypothesis that female Begonia flowers attract pollinators by mimicking male flowers, we studied floral display and pollinator behavior in a population of the protandrous perennial herb Begonia involucrata at Monteverde, Costa Rica. The stigmas of the female flowers are bicornute and dark yellow, strongly resembling the anthers of male flowers. The petaloid sepals of male flowers are somewhat larger than those of female flowers, but the number of open flowers does not differ between male- and female-phase inflorescences. Both male and female inflorescences have a sweet odor. Trigona grandipennis, the most frequent flower visitor in the study population, consistently showed a strong preference for male-phase inflorescences; on average, individual male inflorescences received 3.4-9.6 (median 7.2) times as many visits as female inflorescences during five different observation periods. Moreover, visits to male flowers lasted about ten times longer than visits to female flowers (mean 29.8 versus 2.6 seconds). Although visits to female flowers were infrequent and brief, fruit set averaged 76 percent and seed set 57 percent. A hand-pollination experiment indicated that seed set was pollen limited (1.4 times higher after supplemental pollination), but that fruit set was not. Taken together, the striking similarity in male and female flower display, the selective pollinator behavior, and the relatively high levels of fruit and seed set support the hypothesis that the rewardless female flowers of B. involucrata mimic male flowers and are pollinated by deceit.


This work provides an analysis of published historical research on accounting and accountability in local government (LG) and in public organizations that have links to LG. Within this context, the study identifies the main themes and trends in this historical research, the extent of adoption of particular theoretical perspectives, the nature of sources examined, the periods of time investigated, and the main contributions of published research on accounting's past within LG settings. By so doing, this article highlights possible future research topics and makes a call for rigorous and robust research on the development of systems of accounting and accountability in LG around the globe. Such research will recognize that accounting, besides being perceived as a technical practice, is also a social practice, with implications for organizational and social functioning.


Pull transport is a highly efficient mode of transport organization.It brings not only the size of logistics enterprises in reducing costs and improving effectiveness even more advantages,in North America,Western Europe and other devel-oped countries,to form semi-trailer tractor trailer vehicle train mode of transport accounting for the transport of the total 70%~80%.However,the largest city in northern Jiangsu Xuzhou as the traffic extending in all directions,pull transport developments,however,is struggling.Secondary reason is closely related with national policies,worth studying.


We report on the electronic band structure of 2D CdSe and PbSe semiconductors that have a silicene-type honeycomb geometry. Atomistic tight-binding calculations are performed on several model systems that bear a strong resemblance to the silicene-type honeycomb structures that were recently obtained by nanocrystal self-assembly. The calculated band structures are compared both to those of 2D quantum wells and graphene-type honeycomb structures. It is found that in silicene type CdSe honeycomb structures, the lowest electron conduction bands (derived from S-type nanocrystal wave functions) form a Dirac-type dispersion, very similar as in graphene. The P-type bands are usually more complex. However, when the hybridization between S- and P-type bands increases, a second Dirac cone and a genuine non-trivial flat band is observed, similar as in the case of graphene-type honeycomb structures of CdSe. There is a strong non-trivial gap between the first and second valence band, hosting the quantum spin Hall effect. Silicene-type PbSe structures show Dirac features in their bands, which however can be clouded due to the multi-valley character of PbSe.


A simple method for finding soliton solutions of the generalized ZS/AKNS systems whose Lax pairs are matrices with high orders is considered. An explicit expression of transformation between the Jost solution relating to the (n - 1)-soliton solution and that relating to the n-soliton solution is found. A reduced system of N algebraic equations for giving N soliton solutions is deduced, it has an identical form no matter how high the order of matrices of the Lax pain is.


This paper provides a comparative case study detailing parallel experiences with both a modified commercial off-theshelf lens and a custom lens for small satellite applications. These lens designs were employed in two successive hardware generations of the ST-16 star tracker. The two designs are compared experimentally, measuring effective aperture, photometric efficiency, point-spread function and thermal stability. We show that opting for custom optical design can effectively remedy deficiencies in performance but often at the expense of technical and budgetary risks.


Preparative ampholyte-carrier-free isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was established to separate small zwitterionic compounds.The pH gradient buffer solution was prepared by introducing a series of mixed acid and alkali solution at different pH value into a column containing agarose gel.After loading sample,additional electric field was applied on the column to perform isoelectric focusing electrophoresis.With the continuous addition of last buffer solution,the samples were focused at certain pH value zone and eluted from the column one by one,so that they could be fractionatedly collected.The effect of additional electric field on pH gradient was investigated.The effects of additional electric field and pH gradient on isoelectric focusing electrophoresis were also studied.Separation results of model samples revealed that small zwitterionic compounds could be separated according to the pI values by this method.


ABSTRACT The majority of cases of allergic asthma in experimental animals have been provoked by inhalation with mist antigen. Because of the inherent inability of some species to breathe through the mouth, including guinea pigs, mice and rats, an upper airway response may be substantially involved in experimental asthma induced by antigen inhalation. With this in mind, we evaluated three types of nebulizers (a hand-made glassware pressure nebulizer (GPN), a DeVilbiss nebulizer (DN) and an ultrasonic nebulizer (UN)) with respect to their ability to adequately sensitize/challenge guinea pigs by antigen inhalation in bronchial asthma. Several solutions and suspensions, including antigen and AI(OH) 3 , were atomized with these three nebulizers. The results obtained were as follows: irrespective of the type of solution or suspension used, of the three nebulizers, GPN generated mists with the smallest diameter. The rank order of median diameter of the mists generated was GPN (1.6-2.1 μm)


The scope of the governmental purchasing is the engine of realizing the targets of the governmental purchasing policy. From aspects of extending the purchasing scope, strengthening the purchasing management; and probing into the new purchasing models, etc., this paper discusses on the paths for strengthening the management of governmental purchasing scope.


In aspect of the traffic and transportation network,the distribution of the minimum cost flow is for a single species,but in practical application,multi-species flow transportation usually happens in traffic network,and the transmission-path of some species may be limited.The multi-species flow in the traffic network and its flow phenomena are firstly analyzed,then the reconstruction method for the multi-species flow traffic network graph is built based on the idea of constructing the network of augmentation flow in Ford-Fulkerson algorithm.On this basis,the algorithm for the minimum cost flow of the limited transmission-path in multi-species flow traffic network is constructed.In the field of transportation,multi-species flow minimum cost flow problem is widespread,and the algorithm provides the basis to solve the related issues in actual traffic network.


Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) is the only type species established in the new genusBidensovirus within the new family Bidnaviridae. The BmBDV infected silkworm midgut shows symptoms such as the nucleus of midgut columnar cells expanded. It is confirmed theBmBDV-sensitive gene +nsd-2, which encoding an amino acid transporter protein might be the receptor of BmBDV. The deletion of this gene causes the silkworm resistance to BmBDV infection. There is no permissive cell line for BmBDV infection has been established yet. The cell lines (BmN, etc.) are used broadly for silkworm viruses study are mainly resistant to BmBDV infection. Therefore, the establishment of BmBDV permissive cell line is particularly important for studying BmBDV in vitro. In this study, we successfully constructed a cell line BmN (+nsd-2), which expressed +nsd-2 gene stably. The NSD-2 expression and localization could be detected in BmN (+nsd-2 ) cells via RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The interaction between NSD-2 and the major structural protein VP of BmBDV was determined by Co-IP. However, we failed to detect the replication of BmBDV. This cell lines constructed has the potential for identifying the protein binding to the NSD-2 and provide a basis for study of BmBDV co-receptors and invasion mechanism.


Emails: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com Abstract In this study, we mainly focus on the behavior of an electron gas produced by argon plasma that is bounded by a moving rigid flat plate. The effects of an external magnetic field on the electrons collected with each other, with positive ions, and with neutral atoms in the plasma fluid are investigated. We used the BGK model of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, which is fundamental in the study of the gas dynamics from the continuum flow to the free-molecular regimes with Maxwellian velocity distribution functions of the various species. An exact analytical solution of the model equations for the unsteady flow is given using the moment and the traveling wave methods. The behavior of the mean velocity of electrons is illustrated, which compatible with the variation of the shear stress, viscosity coefficient, and the initial and boundary conditions. Besides, the thermodynamic prediction is investigated by applying the principles of irreversible thermodynamics and Gibbs formula. It is found that the thermodynamic variables verify the Boltzmann's H–theorem, the principle of Le Chatelier, and the Thermodynamics Second Law for the non-equilibrium processes of the system. Qualitative agreements with previous related papers are introducing. 3-Dimensional graphics for the calculating variables are offering, and their behavior is deeply discussed.


Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution in farmland soil is a global problem. It is vital to clarify the contributions of farmland soil PTE from different sources to potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risks (HHR), but the existing research methods were incomplete. This study explored a comprehensive scheme that combined source contribution and risk assessment to quantitatively assess PER, HHR and the priority pollution sources. enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to estimate the features of enrichment and contamination of PTE in farmland soil. Furthermore, spatial distribution characteristics of PTE and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were combined to distinguish and ascertain the sources of PTE, and the PER and HHR model based on PMF were applied to evaluate the ecological and human health risks in different sources. Taking Puning District as an example, four sources of farmland soil PTE were quantitatively allocated. For ecological risk, the study area was at moderate ecological hazard, with industrial activities (53.67%) contributing the most. The mean of Hg was 69.82, reaching medium ecological risk. For human health risks, both adults and children had no non‐carcinogenic risk in the study area, and the natural source was the greatest contributor, followed by agricultural activities. The total carcinogenic risk index (TCRI) values for adults and children were 1.40E‐05 and 2.75E‐05, respectively, showing no significant carcinogenic risk. Furthermore, compared with adults, the health risks of children, whether non‐carcinogenic or carcinogenic, were higher than those of adults.


A high performance lead acid traction battery was introduced in this paper.During RD process the authors used modified active material for mula and grid alloy as well as container formation for the new pasitive tubular product,as a result,the technical performance parameters of the developed product met DIN requirements and achieved internationally advanced level of the same kind of product.


Taken from a broader study of the careers of professional footballers, this article uses two player stories of job loss to offer contrasting experiences of cynical dis-identification. I examine how in research on the careers of sports workers, athletes so often express discontent yet maintain an apparent dedication and commitment to their craft. In contrast to the overwhelming focus on the construction and shaping of workplace identity, this article introduces the notion of dis-identification to explain how athletes resist coach/managerial domination in an occupation in which high commitment is assumed by expressing cynical and instrumental attitudes to their jobs: cynical athletes dis-identify with dominant cultural prescriptions so as to distance themselves from ideological rhetoric, a process in which subjectivities are 'externalised'. Although cynical athletes may feel like autonomous agents, nevertheless, they still perform managerial norms and rituals.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder affecting approximately 1 in 3500 individuals. Patients with the disorder can develop carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and tumor of the hypothalamus. The association of NF1 with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (HPP) is very rare. We report a 56-year-old woman with NF1 who was referred to our service because of nephrolithiasis. Physical examination revealed the characteristic signs of NF1, and her laboratory calcium profile was compatible with HPP. The patient was referred for parathyroidectomy, but during the surgical work-up she underwent spontaneous remission of her HPP. This case is significant not only for the rarity of this presentation in NF1 patients, but also because of the spontaneous remission of HPP.


....................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER 2: Literature review ......................................................................................................... 5 Complexity and Coherence ........................................................................................................ 6 Embedding a Map in the Page ................................................................................................... 7 Two-Dimensional Map ............................................................................................................ 7 Three-Dimensional Map .......................................................................................................... 7 Embedding Pictures and Videos ................................................................................................. 8 Displaying the Text ..................................................................................................................... 9 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Our Design .................................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 3: Methods .................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 4: Results ....................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 5: Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 15 Google Maps Integration .......................................................................................................... 15 User-Uploaded Field Trip Form ................................................................................................ 15 Layout of the Text ..................................................................................................................... 16 Layout of the Images ................................................................................................................ 16 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 16 Final Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 17 Recommendations.................................................................................................................... 17 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 18 APPENDIX A: Instructions on Using the Field Trip Template ........................................................ 20


UNLABELLED
In organic photovoltaic (PV) devices based on solution-processed small molecules, we report here that the physicochemical properties of the substrate are critical for achieving high-performances organic solar cells. Three different substrates were tested: ITO coated with

PEDOT
PSS, ZnO sol-gel, and ZnO nanoparticles. PV performances are found to be low when the ZnO nanoparticles layer is used. This performance loss is attributed to the formation of many dewetting points in the active layer, because of a relatively high roughness of the ZnO nanoparticles layer, compared to the other layers. We successfully circumvented this phenomenon by adding a small quantity of polystyrene (PS) in the active layer. The introduction of PS improves the quality of film forming and reduces the dark currents of solar cells. Using this method, high-efficiency devices were achieved, even in the case of substrates with higher roughness.


ZnS quantum dots and single Co atoms grown in N-doped carbon microparticles serve as multifunctional S hosts for sustainable Na–S batteries.


During the past ten years, a statistical program applicable to RCRA groundwater monitoring data has been developed with input from regulators, geologists, regulated individuals, and a small group of professional statisticians. At first driven by the RCRA regulations, the evolution of the statistical program now often influences changes in regulatory requirements, which in turn affect opinions on the best statistical approach for addressing the requirements. This article describes that evolution and the issues that have emerged over the years. In the following article, Dr. Robert Gibbons, another of the professional statisticians involved in the debate, responds to comments made in this article.


In recent years, more and more people pay attention to cloud computing. Users need to deal with magnanimity data in the cloud computing environment. Classification can predict the need of users from large data in the cloud computing environment. Some traditional classification methods frequently adopt the following two ways. One way is to remove instance after it is covered by a rule, another way is to decrease tuple weight of instance after it is covered by a rule. The quality of these traditional classifiers may be not high. As a result, they cannot achieve high classification accuracy in some data. In this paper, we present a new classification approach, called classification based on both attribute value weight and tuple weight (CATW). CATW is distinguished from some traditional classifiers in two aspects. First, CATW uses both attribute value weight and tuple weight. Second, CATW proposes a new measure to select best attribute values and generate high quality classification rule set. Our experimental results indicate that CATW can achieve higher classification accuracy than some traditional classifiers.


The volatile expansion in WWW and the booming trend in ecommerce have caused the passion of getting most wanted information squeezed out of huge volume of information base. Pointing those information on a large collection can be a complex and time consuming task. Recommender systems can help consumer to find exact items by providing them with customized suggestions without sufficient personal experience of the alternatives. There are three major classification in Recommender Systems: Collaborative Filtering,Content based and Hybrid Systems. This paper presents an overview on classical Collaborative Filtering – rating prediction techniques where the predictions are from historical user preferences. This paper also explains the challenges of those techniques and probable extensions of those techniques and to make Recommender system in applicable winder range.


A fabrication technique for producing flexible superconductor wire by extrusion of a composite of Ag2O‐YBa2 Cu3 O7−x is reported. During the course of processing, the superconductive transition of the starting powder is maintained, thus obviating the need for subsequent heat treatment. This nonpoisoning behavior of Ag2 O is of significant technical importance. Scanning electron fractography reveals a mixed mode fracture behavior of the material and the evidence of ductility. Magnetic measurements on the extruded wires show an onset temperature of 91 K. Resistivity measurements indicate that the electrical resistance of the as‐extruded wire essentially vanishes at liquid‐nitrogen temperature.


This study presents the case of a personal hygiene products company, which produces sanitary pads and is the market leader in Brazil. There was a significant rise in the number of rejected products between 2016 and 2017. This technical paper, therefore, identifies the causes for rejects in the quality department due to nonconforming finished products. An action research was carried out with data sourced from the quality, process, and production departments. There were 473,280 sanitary pads that were rejected because of tears between January and April 2017. Possible causes of this problem are lack of operational knowledge of quality, failure in machine performance, and nonconforming raw material. Nonconforming raw material was found to be the main trigger of the problem, causing waste and loss amounting to R$176,398.00 in raw materials and finished products. Losses were remedied after negotiation with the supplier and by changing the supplier.


Serotonin hallucinogens produce a range of cognitive, sensory, and emotional effects in man. Recently, a resurgence of clinical interest in these compounds has developed because they can produce pronounced and long‐lasting psychological changes. While the structural backbones and receptor pharmacology of hallucinogens vary, their primary effects arise from agonism of the 5‐HT2A receptor. However, our understanding of how these drugs produce changes in brain function at a neuronal level and network level is incomplete. The studies reported here aim to uncover properties of cells which are activated by the hallucinogens lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine (DOI). Adult rats are treated with LSD, DOI, or saline, and the somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortices are collected and dissociated into single cell suspensions. We then use fluorescence‐activated flow cytometry (FACS) to separate neurons from glia and activated neurons from non‐activated neurons. Isolated populations of neurons are examined for changes in mRNA levels using qPCR analysis. We find an enrichment of a broad collection of immediate early genes (including c‐fos, fosb, arc, krox‐20/egr‐2) in a small population of activated neurons in the cortex. Additionally, the abundance of a variety of other genes (htr2a, slc17a7, gad67) in activated versus non‐activated cells provides evidence for which specific cell types are being directly activated by hallucinogens. Further research is required to determine the role the transcriptional program in activated cells plays in the development of long‐term effects initiated by hallucinogens.


The study is conducted in the means of understanding of the public realm that can give a liveable environment to the town. This is because public realm can influence the form of the town and the daily interaction will take place at the community level. When the town is being developed, sometimes it makes the town loss its identity and lack of green area as a place to socialize. So it's important to provide a successful public realm in a town. In addition, this study will also identify the issues in the town of Kajang and will then provide a guideline to the town to resolve issues that exist. Among the issues in the town are road division, water pollution, and do not have a comfortable place to socialize. Furthermore, in this study also provides some approaches to solving these issues. Among the approaches
used to solve this issue is to provide community parks for local communities and visitors. The riparian plant has also been used to restore the contaminated river water. The
preservation of heritage buildings in the town is also necessary as it has its own historical value. As the result, it is a concise that thoroughly satisfies human needs while protecting the environment. The overlaying map that has been used will identify potential areas for the public realm and provide the comforts of pedestrians. However, it requires involvement from all parties in order to provide a successful public realm in the town of Kajang.


Objective To study the etiology,pathological change foundation,sex,age distribution and prognosis of chronic severe hepatitis.Methods Retrospective summary of 322 cases of chronic severe hepatitis B was performed to analyze the correlativity of the disease in the etiology characteristic,pathological change foundation,sex,age distribution with the prognosis.SPSS11.5 software Was used in statistical processing.Results There was a remarkable difference in mortality rate among the four etiological models of the hepatitis B virus infection ( P 0.05).There was a remarkable difference in mortality rate between chronic hepatitis and chronic severe hepatitis based on liver cirrhosis ( P 0.05).There was a significant difference in mortality rate among the populations of different sexes and different age distributions ( P 0.05).While there was no significant difference in mortality rate between patients with simple hepatitis B virus infection and those with super-infection ( P 0.05).Conclusion The prognoses of chronic severe hepatitis are unfavorable in those patients whose hepatitis B virus assumes the duplication condition,whose pathological change has liver cirrhosis foundation,who is male,and whose age is higher.


Peanut skins are currently a waste product that may be a potential source of flavonoid rich compounds. In order to make use of these compounds, an extract would need to be produced. One of the potential issues with a peanut skin extract could be that any aflatoxins in the whole skins may be concentrated by solvent extraction. A multistep peanut skin extraction (PSE) method (100% water) and a methanol-water method (30:70 and 80:20) were used to extract proanthocyanidins from natural peanut skins samples and from peanut skin samples treated with an aflatoxin standard to determine the recovery by each extraction procedure. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) detection was employed for the determination and quantitation of aflatoxins G2, G1, B2, and B1 in the extracts from each of the samples. No aflatoxins of interest were detected in the PSE, 30% methanol aqueous (aq.), and 80% methanol aq. extract of un-spiked peanut skin samples. For aflatoxin spiked standard (G2, G1, B2, B1) samples, the PSE method (100% water) recovered the least aflatoxin with mean recoveries of 1-2%. The 30% methanol aq. procedure yielded mean recoveries of 17-36%. The 80% methanol aq. extraction method recovered the most aflatoxin, with mean recoveries of 35-63%. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in aflatoxin recovery between the three extraction methods, indicating that both concentration and type of extraction solvent play significant roles in extraction of aflatoxin. This study provides evidence that if aflatoxins are present in the starting material for a flavonoid rich extract, the aflatoxins will carryover and concentrate in the resultant extract, especially if a high percentage of methanol is used as the major extraction solvent.


Potassium nutrition plays a vital role in the growth and development of soybean,which has positive effect on soybean yield and quality.This paper elucidated the important function of potassium nutrition on accelerating soybean mineral uptake and enhancing its drought,lodging,disease resistance.The review also summarized the effect of potassium fertilizer on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of soybean.And this thesis formulated the characteristics of potassium requirement by soybean.The aim is to provide theory evidences for the potassium fertilizer application in soybean production.


Ultrasonic detection mainly includes straight probe longitudinal wave detection,angle probe shear wave detection,climbing detection,small angle longitudinal wave detection and double crystal shear wave detection method.Among them,the climbing detection method,small angle longitudinal wave detection method and double crystal shear wave detection method are the most commonly used techniques for detecting the grid post porcelain insulator and porcelain bushing in service.


Abstract An extensive working collection of Arachis germplasm is maintained by the USDA at the Southern Regional Plant Introduction Sta. in Griffin, GA. Much of this collection is maintained also under long-term seed storage at the Nat. Seed Storage Lab. in Ft. Collins, CO. The working collection consists of 9027 accessions of A. hypogaea and 684 accessions of Arachis species. About half of the A. hypogaea accessions are unimproved landraces collected in the crop's centers of diversity in South America. The other half is comprised of germplasm obtained from countries outside of South America. The U.S. germplasm collection of peanut was the first major germplasm collection to have a working core collection. Research has verified that this core collection can be used to improve the efficiency of germplasm utilization. This has stimulated a great amount of germplasm evaluation work and has resulted in the identification of numerous sources of resistance to several economically significant pathogens. Consider...


Hitherto, when observations have been made of the lines visible in the sun's chromosphere, by means of the method introduced by Janssen and myself in 1868, the idea has been that we witness in solar storms the ejection of vapours of metallic elements with which we are familiar from the photosphere.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are characterised by abnormal levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of raised D-dimer among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in COVID-19 unit of a tertiary care centre from 23 January 2021 to 19 June 2021. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/078/159). D-dimer values and demographic data of the hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients were recorded. Convenience sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 patients with COVID-19 admitted in the hospital, the D-dimer levels were raised in 85 (47.22%) (39.93-54.51, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of raised D-dimer among admitted COVID-19 patients was found to be lower when compared to other studies conducted in similar settings.


A rice-fish culture experiment with four treatments viz., T 1 with Amblyphmyngadan mala alone, T 2 withA. mala andBarbodes gonionotus, T 3 with A. mala and Cyprinis carpio and T4 as control (without fish) was carried out in the rice fields during April through August'99. The recovery rate of A. mala were 42%, 37% and 42% in treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively and the same recorded for B. gonionotus and C. cmpio were 62% and 55% respectively. Among the three species of fish, B. gonionotus showed much higher recovery rate than both of A. mala and C. carpio. The production of A. nwla was 12.50 kg/ha/3 months in monoculture, and 7.92 kglha/3 months and 8.86 kglha/3 months in combination with B. gonionotus and C. cmpio, respectively. The production of B. gonionotus in T 2 was 169.29 kglha/3 months and C. cmpio in T3 was 252.92 kglha/3 months. The total fish production was 12.50 kglha/3 months, 175.21 kglha/3 months and 261.88 kglha/3 months in Tp T 2 and T 3, respectively. The highest yields of rice grain (5.78 ton/ha) and straw (7.83 ton/ha) were recorded in T3 and the lowest of the same was in T4 (grain 4.96 ton/ha and straw 6.62 ton/ha). Rice yield increased by about 12.10% in T 1, 13.30% in T2 and 16.33% in T 3 in context to T4, rice-alone culture. The results demonstrated that the culture of fish in rice fields had profound beneficial impact on the production of rice grain and straw. Key wards: Rice-fish culture, A. mala, B. gonionotus, C. cmpio


The use of serious games is usually common, but digital games are not used in the teaching of German. This study aims to find out the attitude of students of German to the possible use of serious games in the teaching of German at the Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) and their impression of the game 'secret of the sky disc' introduced by the Goethe Institute for the learning of German as a foreign language. Two different sets of questionnaires were administered to the students of German of OAU. The resulting data were analysed, discussed and conclusions were drawn. The results show the readiness of students of German for the use of digital games in teaching German at the university. The study adds to the limited literature on the use of serious games in teaching German as a foreign language

Keywords: German, Nigeria, perception, serious games, Obafemi Awolowo University, students.


The present invention, by best enable measurement of the object by as relates to the non-parallel axis in real time three-dimensional image processing system and method, in particular circles, adjust the angle between each, i.e., a pair of parallel to the optical axis between the pair of cameras according to the local area by widely extend the observed visual field area and varying the system parameter set in accordance with the angle between the optical axis of an object that is to be the maximum image matching. The present invention for this purpose is used a circle, the optical axis of the left camera and a right camera for optimal observation angle adjusting means according to the local area of the object and a conversion means for digitally converting a video signal of the left and right camera and a dynamic programming technique the digital left and the image registration unit to by the setting from the right image signal calculate a decision value that determines the minimum matching cost from the front processing step of outputting a binocular differential value in the rear processing process, by storing the determined value of the rear processing procedure and outputting to be configured by a first, a second storage device that operates by mutual shift for use. In addition, to enable the first and second storage device by configuring a low-cost of the external memory reduce production costs and simplifies the internal system for storing a determination value, which accounts for more capacity within the chip.


The invention discloses an acryloyl succinic acid-based non-phosphorus catalysis method for formaldehyde-free crease-resistant finishing of cotton fabrics. Acryloyl succinic acid is used for crease-resistant finishing of cotton fabrics, a phosphorus-containing catalyst sodium hypophosphite is replaced by using sodium hydroxide, other additives do not need to be added again, and the finishing process is easy and convenient to operate and is easy to control; and moreover, the method is environment-friendly, and the production cost is reduced. The fabric finished by the process disclosed by the invention has high crease resistance and good strength retention property.


Current wind farm layout optimization research focuses on advancing optimization methods. The research includes the assumption that a continuous piece of land is readily available. In reality, wind farm development projects rely on the permission of landowners for success. When a viable wind farm site location is identified, local residents are approached for permission to build turbines on their land, typically in exchange for monetary compensation. Landowners play a crucial role on the development of a wind farm and some land parcels are more important to the success of the project than others. In order to advance the research on wind farm optimization, this paper relaxes the assumption that a continuous piece of land is available, developing a novel approach that includes landowners' decisions on whether or not to participate in the project. The optimization results of this new approach show that, for a specific wind farm layout case, we can identify the most crucial landowners and the optimal positions of turbines prior to the negotiation process with landowners. Using this approach, a site developer can spend more resources on persuading these most-important landowners to take part in the project, or approach them in a personalized manner. This will ultimately increase the efficiency of wind farm projects, saving time and money in the development stages.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Although numerous studies have addressed plant compensatory responses to removal of vegetative tissue by herbivores, only a few have determined the effect of floral removal on subsequent seed production in natural populations. In Sanicula arcto- poides, a perennial monocarp, removal of inflorescences (umbels), both naturally by deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and by artificial clipping early in the flowering season, led to no loss of maternal reproduction as measured by seed number and seed mass. Full compen- sation occurred when umbels bearing up to one-third of a plant's flowers were removed at the stage when plants are normally grazed. However, there are thresholds both in timing and severity of removal beyond which plants were unable to compensate fully. Compared to controls, artificial removal of developing fruits 20 d later than the normal stage resulted in a 42% decrease in seed production. Successive clippings that removed :55% of each plant's flowers resulted in a 52% decrease in seed production relative to controls; however, a single clipping of the same intensity resulted in full compensation. Differential reactions to clipping of different umbel ranks provided information about the mechanism of the response. Removal of secondary umbels resulted in decreased seed abortion rates in later developing umbels, while removal of tertiary umbels resulted in decreased abortion rates in both earlier and later formed umbels. These responses indicated that delayed abortion of developing seeds may be common in secondary umbels, that removal of secondary umbels by herbivores may relieve plants of some costs of abortion, and that S. arctopoides uses flexible allocation to achieve full compensation at typical levels of floral herbivory.


The Covid-19 pandemic has devastated all of Spain with Madrid as the epicenter of infections and deaths. Despite the general confinement of the population, news journalism continued as an essential service, carrying out its usual work. This new global paradigm has transformed the uses and customs of both emitters and receivers. For all these reasons, the main objective of this investigation is to know the opinion of «pandemic journalism» of a specific media group, with a prosumer profile and who has lived with the worst scenario of the disease: the students of the Journalism Degree of Madrid universities. The method of analysis is based on an opinion poll, the results of which show how the consumption of information by this group has been almost exclusively centralized in digital media and social networks. In addition, the present study reveals that the respondents are critical of the veracity of the news and the existence of fake news and the problem of the overabundance of information about the pandemic is verified, which has already been conceptualized as an infodemic. Finally, there is a low level of student media literacy, as well as a lack of mechanisms to overcome the threats of journalism in the post-truth era.


Two small Ras‐like GTPases, MglA and SofG, work in synchrony to drive cell polarity and motility in the soil bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus. While MglA regulates two types of motility in Myxococcus and drives cell polarity reversals, SofG regulates social motility enabled by the type IV pili (T4P) machinery. In order to understand the molecular basis of how multiple GTPases act concertedly, we initiated biochemical studies on SofG. A construct of SofG (SofG∆60) was purified as a homogenous monomer and could bind to GDP and GTP. Intrinsic GTP hydrolysis by SofG∆60 was negligible. Earlier work from the laboratory revealed that MglB functions both as a GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for MglA. Biochemical assays of SofG∆60 established that MglB interacts with GTP‐bound SofG∆60 and acts as a GAP for SofG∆60. Interaction of MglB with SofG∆60 in the GDP‐bound conformation was not observed, thereby suggesting that MglB might not act as a GEF for SofG∆60. The existence of a common GAP for both SofG and MglA could potentially contribute to concerted regulation of their GTPase activities, and mediate crosstalk between the two GTPases involved in motility of M. xanthus. Sequence analysis revealed the features for a SofG‐like subclass of prokaryotic small Ras‐like GTPases that enable MglB to act as a dual‐specificity GAP.


Limbic predominant age related TDP‐43 encephalopathy‐neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) is prevalent in the oldest old. Our aim was to determine the association of longitudinal change in clinical and neuropsychological measures in relation to the presence of LATE‐NC and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) in an exclusively oldest‐old cohort.


Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity. Methods: The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ ...


Manipulating neuronal homeostasis, which enables neurons to regulate their intrinsic excitability, offers an attractive opportunity to prevent seizures. However, no anticonvulsant compounds have yet been reported that directly manipulate neuronal homeostasis. Here, we describe a novel class of anticonvulsant compounds, based on 4-tert-butyl-benzaldehyde (4-TBB), with a mode-of-action that includes increased expression of the homeostatic regulator Pumilio (Pum). In Drosophila and mouse we use a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model, and an electrically induced seizure model for refractory seizures to evaluate anticonvulsant efficacy. The pyrazole analogue (RAB216) demonstrates best efficacy, protecting 50% of mice from PTZ-induced seizure. Knock-down of Pum, in Drosophila, blocks anticonvulsive effects, whilst analysis of validated Pum targets show significant reductions following exposure of mouse brain to 4-TBB. This study provides proof-of-principle that anticonvulsant effects can be achieved through regulation of neuronal homeostasis and identifies a chemical lead compound for future development.


Du(x,t)+μ(x,t)·u(x,t)=0 is a particular hyperbolic partial differential equation,in which the variation of x and t is equal.This paper is about the algorithm construction of the equation and the analysis of the algotithm stability and convergence.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a surgery associated with significant morbidity including perioperative blood transfusion, which can be as high as 40% within 30 days after surgery. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the perioperative setting after RC can be as high as 5%. Few studies have assessed the quantitative effect of perioperative blood transfusion with the development of VTE after RC. Herein we aim to develop a model that would provide information on the relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and the development of VTE after RC. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all patient who underwent RC at our institution between January 2007 and December 2020. Patient with a history of prior VTE, those taking anticoagulation prior to surgery, and patients with metastatic disease were excluded. A venous thromboembolism was defined as either a deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Patients who developed a VTE within 30 days after surgery were compared to those who did not. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between covariates and the probability of VTE within 30 days after surgery. A multivariable model was developed as a tool to predict VTE occurrence after surgery. RESULTS: There were 656 total patients identified, 24 (3.7%) of whom developed a VTE within 30 days after surgery. The cohorts were similar with respect to age, sex, race, comorbidity index, clinical stay, BMI. Patient who developed a VTE experienced a longer mean operative time (399.4 vs 351.1 minutes, p[0.040) and received a greater mean number of transfused units of blood during their stay (2.42 vs 1.26, p[0.040). The variables included in the model were selected based on the univariate analysis and on an a priori basis and included blood transfusion, age, BMI, comorbidity index, smoking status, and operative time. On multivariable logistic regression, each unit of transfused blood given during a patient's hospital stay was significantly associated with development of VTE (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.34), as was operative time (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06-1.78). The area under the curve for the model developed to predict development of VTE was 0.750. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of perioperative blood transfusion is significant at the time of radical cystectomy. This study demonstrates that blood transfusion was associated with a 16% increased risk for developing the VTE per unit transfused. The results of this study should be validated using, multiinstitutional data in order to permit generalizability and application of the multivariable model.


The title compound, C9H8BrN3O2, crystallizes with two almost identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal packing is stabilized by N-(HN)-N-... hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions.


[Objective] To explore the application of detection process and bacteria analyzer in the detection of bacteria-induced food poisoning and provide references for the detection.[Methods] The food poisoning samples were collected and detected according to the detection process for bacteria-induced food poisoning;bacteria analyzer was used to detect the obtained pure colony.[Results]7 cases out of 11(63.6%) were found with pathogen.[Conclusion] It is rapid and accurate to detect pathogen in bacteria-induced food poisoning with the application of detection process and bacteria analyzer.


With the development of society, highway becomes more and more important in our daily life. Because of the enormous loss of human lives and money in the transportation accidents, people have taken more attention of safety in highway transportation. This article summarizes ITS and the development of highway and discusses the structure of highway emergency accidents and safety system. The establishing of accidents forecast model,accident auto-locating,the progressing of rescue planning and accidents management system are emphasized. Through the research of highway emergency accidents and safety system, we can use highway furthest and give some help for the development of highway transportation in our country.