Algorithm SLCAR is proposed for spatial lines clustering based on adjacent relations for GML data. In this algorithm, the adjacent relations of spatial lines with other spatial objects are computed, then a novel similarity measurement method is defined to compute the similarity between spatial lines based on adjacent relations, finally spatial lines are clustered using algorithm ROCK. Algorithm SLCAR is implemented by VC 6.0 and some experiments are done. The experimental results show that algorithm SLCAR is effective and efficient. Keywords-GML; spatial clustering; adjacent relation; topological relation


Objective:To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of arthroscopic surgery combined with the traditional Chinese medicine on osteoarthritis of ankle joint.Methods:40 patients with ankle osteoarthritis were treated with arthroscopic surgery combined with the traditional Chinese medicine.The ankle function was assessed with McGuire score system before and after surgery.Results:There was statistical difference of ankle function score between preoperation and postoperation(t=4.862,P0.001). The clinical therapeutic results were excellent in 30,good in 6,moderate in 2,bad in 2 cases. 90% of the patients had satisfactory results. Conclusion:The clinical therapeutic effect of arthroscopic surgery combined with the traditional Chinese medicine on osteoarthritis of ankle joint is significant and it is worthy of being popularized in public.


Increasing input of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been increasing rapidly nowadays. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been studied to remove EDCs in water and wastewater. Due to its high oxidation potential and other benefits over other tertiary wastewater treatments, the establishment of advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOP) has been of attention in recent years. There are numerous activation methods to produce sulfate radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) such as ultrasound, transition metals, and the use of carbon catalysts. This review manuscript focuses to provide the latest overview of different methods of PDS and PMS activation and different utilization of this technology focusing on water and wastewater treatment. Besides that, this article also focused on the utilization of carbon-based catalysts as a substitute for metal catalysts as an activator in the SR-AOP process. This review also aims to discuss the perspectives for the biochar-based catalyst
application and expand their potential for removing organic pollutants.


Issues before the Ninth Finance Commission S Guhan AT the outset, I should apologise for neglecting, in the last few weeks, the sacred duty of keeping abreast with the EPW which is what has caused the delay in responding to K R G Nair's comments (EPW, May 28) on my article "issues before the Ninth Finance Commission; On Closing the Pandora's Box" (EPW, February 6).


SYNOPSIS. Described is the case history of Stillwater Tunnel highlighting the aspects of design, construction, instrumentation, and contracting procedures, which on September 14, 1983, culminated in the successful holethrough for this 8.03-mile (12.92-km) long water con veyance tunnel. The case study demonstrates that for a successful project it is essential to carefully select a ·compatible excavation system and a contractor who has the incentive to com plete the project within the resources of available time and budget. The study illustrates the weaknesses in the current state of the technology for design and construction of deep and long tunnels and urges an improvement of the subsurface investigation techniques which could be applicable for deep tunnels.


Did the revolutionary changes that took place in China during the 1950s – involving the forceful destruction of the "landlord class", marriage reform, and the state-led liberation of women – fundamentally transform the field of Chinese transnationalism? How were transnational Chinese families affected by these changes? The past decade has seen an explosion of interest in transnationalism and transnational families (Basch, Schiller and Szanton Blanc, 1994; Ong and Nonini, 1997; Ong, 1999; Li, 1999; Parreñas, 2001; Bao, 2003; Chan, 2005). Much of this literature is concerned with contemporary forms of transnationality. Indeed, transnationalism is often regarded as a phenomenon that has arisen in the last few decades as a result of changes in technology and shifts in the global order. Yet transnationalism – in the sense of migrant spaces that cannot be contained within the juridical boundaries or cultural imaginaries of nation-states – also has a history. There are a growing number of historical studies that "stretch Chinese transnationalism back beyond the confines of contemporary globalization" (Wickberg, 2002, p. 1; examples include McKeown, 1999; 1999a; Hsu, 2000; McKeown, 2001; Stevens, 2002; Szonyi, 2005; and chapters by Duara and Trocki in Ong and Nonini, 1997). Thus far, however, very little work has been done on transnational Chinese families in the 1950s, and how they were affected by the momentous changes then taking place in China. In this article I examine three sites of Chinese state intervention in transnational families in the 1950s in order to ask questions about the transnational family as a gendered institution whose members were engaged in a complex process of material as well as ideological and cultural production. The three sites of state intervention examined here – written communications among family members; marriage and divorce; and ownership of land and houses – were key elements in the creation and perpetuation of transnational families over space and time. Drawing upon a combination of official and academic Chinese sources and the Asian Studies Review March 2007, Vol. 31, pp. 25–40


This technical note summarizes research activities on nuclear data carried out by Japanese Nuclear Data Committee (JNDC) during the fiscal years of 2003 and 2004. During this period, the nuclear data files for special purposes (JENDL-HE-2004 and JENDL-PD-2004) were released. Other activities are described: analysis of post nuclear fuel irradiation experiments, nuclear chart and nuclear data evaluation for astrophysics.


AIM: To evaluate results of pre-operative radiochemotherapy followed by surgery for 15 patients with locally advanced un-resectable rectal cancer.METHODS: 15 patients with advanced non-resectable rectal cancer were treated with pre-operative irriadiation of 40-46 Gy plus concomitant chemotherapy (5-FU+LV and 5′-DFuR) (RCS group). For comparison, 27 similar patients,treated by preoperative radiotherapy (40-50 Gy) plus surgery were served as control (RS group).RESULTS: No radiochemotherapy or radiotherapy was interrupted and then was delayed because of toxicities in both groups. The radical resectability rate was 73.3% in the RCS group and 37.0% (P=0.024) in RS group. Sphincter preservation rates were 26.6% and 3.7% respectively (P=0.028). Sphincter preservation rates of lower rectal cancer were 27.3 % and 0.0 % respectively (P=0.014). Response rates of RCS and RS groups were 46.7 % and 18.5 %(P=0.053). The tumor downstage rates were 8 (53.3%)and 9 (33.3%) in these groups (P=0.206). The 3-year overall survival rates were 66.7 % and 55.6% (P=0.485), and the disease free survival rates were 40.1% and 33.2%(P=0.663). The 3-year local recurrent rates were 26.7%and 48.1% (P=0.174). No obvious late effects were found in either groups.CONCLUSION: High resectability is possible following preoperative radiochemotherapy and can have more sphincters preserved. It is important to improve the quality of the patients′ life even without increasing the survival or local control rates. Preoperative radiotherapy with concomitant full course chemotherapy (5-Fu+LV and 5′-DFuR) is effective and safe.


Background: Language skill development is an acquisition process that a child has to get as one of the basic capabilities in accordance with the stages of age and developmental characteristics. Based on Oral Motoric and Speech Clinic data in 2012, it was reported that 19% of Indonesian children (1.5 up to 4 years old) had late language speaking skill development. Therefore, the writer is interested in applying stimulation by demonstrating paper folding (origami) and story telling to improve language skills. Objective: Performing midwifery care for toddlers by demonstrating paper folding (origami) and story telling to improve language skills of children in the age of 1-3 years old and to find out the role of parents in giving the stimulation. Method: This study is an analytical descriptive with a case study approach. Data was obtained from observation and documentation. Result: After having stimulation by demonstrating paper folding (origami) by telling story for 2 weeks, there was an increase in the language speaking skill in every week. Conclusion: Stimulation by demonstrating paper folding (origami) accompanied by telling story for toddlers is considered to be able to improve their language skills.


The work is dedicated to investigation of the luminescent properties of UV-emitting single crystalline films (SCF) based
on the Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :La and Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Pr garnet and LuAlO 3 :Ce perovskite compounds grown by liquid phase epitaxy
method from the PbO-B 2 O 3 flux onto Y 3 Al 5 O 12 and YAlO 3 substrates, respectively, for testing as scintillation screens in
high-resolution microimaging detectors used in applications with synchrotrons radiation. The first image with a spatial
resolution of about 1.5 μm of X-ray excited resolution target was obtained using only the UV part of the light of the
LuAG:La SCF scintillators. The possible ways for improvement of figure-of-merit of UV emitting SCF scintillators and
increase of spatial resolution of the detector are discussed.


Due to their promising applications in low-cost, flexible and high-efficiency photovoltaics, there has been a booming exploration of thin-film solar cells using new absorber materials such as Sb2Se3, SnS, FeS2, CuSbS2 and CuSbSe2. Among them, Sb2Se3-based solar cells are a viable prospect because of their suitable band gap, high absorption coefficient, excellent electronic properties, non-toxicity, low cost, earth-abundant constituents, and intrinsically benign grain boundaries, if suitably oriented. This review surveys the recent development of Sb2Se3-based solar cells with special emphasis on the material and optoelectronic properties of Sb2Se3, the solution-based and vacuum-based fabrication process and the recent progress of Sb2Se3-sensitized and Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells. A brief overview further addresses some of the future challenges to achieve low-cost, environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency Sb2Se3 solar cells.


Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often have significant comorbidity which, along with underlying RA severity, may impact both choice and response to treatment. We have previously shown that patients initiating first-line intravenous (IV) abatacept had higher baseline RA-related and overall health care costs and higher comorbidity scores than those patients initiating first line infliximab. However, it is not known how the characteristics of patients who switch to abatacept from a previous biologic compare with those prescribed other agents as a second-line biologic. Objectives To compare degree of comorbidity, disease (RA) severity, and baseline health care costs in RA patients prior to initiating second-line biologic treatment with abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept or infliximab. Methods Utilizing a large managed care plan claims database in the United States, an analysis was conducted in adult RA patients during the six months prior to initiating second-line biologic treatment with abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept or infliximab. The identification period was January 01, 2006 through June 15, 2010. Severity of overall comorbidity was described using Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and all-cause health care costs, while RA-related health care costs (including medication costs) were used as a proxy measure of RA severity. Results A total of 10,330 RA patients were identified who initiated treatment with one of the study agents as second-line biologic therapy. Baseline CCI and total all-cause health care costs were significantly higher for abatacept-treated patients (p<0.01; Table). Baseline RA-related health care costs for abatacept-treated patients were significantly higher than those of patients treated with adalimumab or etanercept. Abatacept (n=1,006) Adalimumab (n=2,779) Etanercept (n=3,975) Infliximab (n=2,570) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.50 (0.96) 1.35 (0.82) 1.31 (0.91) 1.40 (0.84) Baseline RA-related health care costs (6 months) $12,900 ($12,172) $9,115 ($6,004) $8,654 ($7,435) $12,093 ($9,230) p=0.058 Baseline all-cause health care costs (6 months) $17,606 ($15,931) $12,867 ($10,828) $11,837 ($9,852) $15,488 ($11,901) p<0.01 for all comparisons to abatacept, except where explicitly denoted. Conclusions As shown previously in first-line biologic patients, in a commercially insured population, patients initiating IV abatacept as second-line treatment demonstrated more baseline comorbidity than those who received adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab, and greater severity of RA than those who received adalimumab or etanercept. Further research is required to better understand how pre-existing conditions and severity of RA impact selection of biologic therapy and subsequent response in this patient population. References Darkow, T et al. Comorbidity and Cost Burden of Patients Prior to Initiating Abatacept or Infliximab as First-Line Biologic Therapy for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Poster presentation, ACR Congress, November 5–9, 2011 Chicago, USA. Disclosure of Interest D. Trivedi Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, L. Rosenblatt Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, T. Darkow Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, B. Chastek Consultant for: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: OptumInsight, T. Hebden Shareholder of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol-Myers Squibb


The article analyzes the effectiveness of assets and liabilities consolidation in the process of restructuring a capital group operating in the production area. The built model can help to prepare and carry out the repair process, as well as to use it in the financial risk assessment process. The key element is also to draw attention to the significant increase in the capital of the parent company, and as a consequence to the financial ability to implement new investments taking into account the higher level of risk.


In the present work, finite difference schemes of second and fourth order are derived for the solution of Poisson's equation in cylindrical symmetry. The resulting system of linear equations is solved by a direct solver with the help of Hockney's method. The schemes are tested on two test problems whose exact solutions are known. The numerical results obtained by the finite difference schemes show that they produce accurate results.


Since from the last one decade, new cardiac biomarkers specifically BNP levels are being used widely as a marker of diagnosis, severity and prognosis of HF. A Cross Sectional Study was conducted at Department Of General Medicine, Dhiraj Hospital, Sbks MIRC, Pipariya, Vadodara with a sample size of 70. A total of 70 patients with heart failure were studied and found that 41 (58.57%) patients had reduced ejection fraction and 29 (41.43%) patients had preserved ejection fraction. In our study majority of the patients were found in NYHA Grade IV (37.14). The mean BNP levels of the whole study group is 1148.73±876.61. The mean level of BNP in HFpEF is 905.28± 823.73 and in HFrEF is 1320.93 ± 881.60. There was statistically significant difference was observed in between the two groups (p value P = 0.0499). In our present study the BNP levels are increasing with increasing NYHA severity of breathlessness (p= 0.0113). The study showed as the severity of NYHA grading increases the BNP levels increase. BNP levels tend to increase more in hypertensive patients as compared to non hypertensive patients.


This paper summarizes briefly the innovative ideas on modern container terminals' design,advances a functional transect layout for modern container terminals,describes the application of simulation technology in container terminals' design,and analyzes the development trend of equipment of container terminals.


One method of traffic control in construction and maintenance (CM) zones on rural four-lane divided highways is to close one of the roadways for CM work and to divert traffic from it across the median to the other roadway, which is signed and marked for two-lane two-way no-passing traffic operation. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum length of the two-way operation. An equation was developed for the sum of the increase in road user costs due to the two-way operation and the cost of traffic control as a function of this length. Calculus was then used to derive the optimum length that would minimize the sum of traffic control and additional road user costs. The equation derived for optimum length can be used in the planning and design of crossover-type traffic control systems for CM zones on rural four-lane divided highways. (Author)


Alfven's recent summary "Magnetospheric Research and the History of the Solar System" (Eos, October 23, 1984, pp. 769–770) contains a statement concerning the nature of Saturn's rings which might mislead readers who are unfamiliar with the current status of ring research. Saturn's rings do not consist of 10,000 or 100,000 separate ringlets. Recent reduction of centimeter wavelength occultation measurements by Voyager at 1-km radial resolution show the presence of 21 gaps in the classical ring system comprised of rings A, B, and C. Thus there are, in fact, 22 rings in the main system (G. L. Tyler, P. A. Rosen, and E. A. Marouf, "Classification of Saturn's Ring Features," presented at the 16th Annual Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Union meeting, October 8–12, 1984).


To realize the direct solution of power flow of the shipboard power system when a minimal number of placed phasor measurement units(PMU) is employed to achieve the highest solution reliability of the N-1 measurements,we proposed a method of multi-objectives arithmetic to realize the optimal PMU placement.Firstly,the method of judgments of direct solvable power flow of different operating conditions was proposed based on the configuration of the shipboard power system.Then,the model of optimal PMU placement considering multi-objectives was constituted,considering minimal number of placed PMU and the highest solution reliability of the N-1 measurements on battle operating conditions.Finally,the quantum genetic algorithm was used to compute the model.The results of application to the 24-bus shipboard power systems reveal that both the pareto-optimal solution and the desired pareto front can be rapidly found by the proposed algorithm.The precept of the optimal PMU placement provides a reference for the optimal PMU placement in shipboard power system.


We study a depinning transition of a discrete interface growth model for quenched impurities with an external driving force F in d = 2 + 1 dimensions, and determine various critical exponents related to the depinning transition. At the critical force Fc, the growth velocity v of the average interface height follows a power-law behavior v(t) ∼ t − δ with δ≈0.460 and the interface width W shows a scaling behavior W2(t, L) ∼ L2αf(t/Lz) with α≈1.02 and z≈1.77 where L is the system size. The steady-state moving velocity vs of the average interface height shows vs ∼ (F − Fc)θ with θ≈0.575 for F > Fc. The lateral correlation length follows a power law ξr ∼ |F − Fc| − νr with νr≈0.71(3) and the correlation time τ ∼ |F − Fc| − νt with νt≈1.25(5). These exponents are very similar to those of directed percolation universality class.


Erythema nodosum is a panniculitis characterized by the appearance of erythematous and painful subcutaneous nodules, usually accompanied by prodrome, which has a benign course, with a tendency for rapid spontaneous healing. Being able to accompany or precede various diseases makes it an important clinical and therapeutic challenge. The authors present two cases of erythema nodosum lesions whose appearance was preceded by infection of the upper airway and recovered uneventfully.


The study involved 250 urban Guatemalan adolescents who ranked 10 qualities of either the ideal man or the ideal woman and drew a picture of the ideal person engaged in an activity. Both boys and girls ranked being kind and honest, being very intelligent, and liking children as the most important qualities for both the ideal man and the ideal woman. Drawings of the ideal person most often depicted the ideal person working in a job or at home. Many students attending public schools drew the ideal person sweeping or gardening, whereas many students attending private schools drew the ideal person working in an office. Comments on the drawings often suggested that the ideal person was working for the social good -his or her family, company, or country. These results are interpreted as reflecting both cultural ideals and the developmental stage of adolescence.


The cooperative relations established between the different agents in productive agglomerations involving micro and small enterprises (SMEsMPEs) result in interorganizational interaction and learning (IOL), the fourth level of learning, after individual, group and organizational learning. These relationships are presented as a strategy for the development of skills that minimize the exposure of companies to the uncertainties imposed by the environment, making it possible to meet a series of needs that could not be met individually. In this sense, the objective of this theoretical essay is to propose a framework that facilitates the understanding of the contributions of the IOL to the MSPEs that maintain relations of interorganizational cooperation. In the proposal of the framework, it is evidenced that through daily practices and through the interactions that occur between different agents in social spaces of learning, in both structured (formal) and unstructured (informal) spaces, knowledge sharing will occur. This process allows the acquisition and creation of new knowledge that enables the occurrence of learning episodes. Thus, the IOL process occurs, and it can result in innovation and, consequently, in competitive advantage. Therefore, IOL can assist SMPEs with new management practices, access to new technologies, new knowledge and development of new products, services and processes. Finally, it should be pointed out that this framework can be applied in different types of productive agglomerations, helping in the understanding of IOL in MPEs that maintain relations of interorganizational cooperation, bringing theoretical contribution to the studies on IOL and interorganizational relations.


Early in 2003, as many of its aviation medicine trained military medical officers headed off to support the war against Iraq, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) officially classified these personnel as Aviation Medical Officers (AVMO). Ninety years ago, the man who can be regarded as Australia's first AVMO also headed off on the "great adventure" of war in the Middle East. This man was Lieutenant George Pinnock Merz. Lieutenant Merz began his military aviation career on graduating from medicine, becoming one of the first four to graduate as a military pilot in Australia in November 1914. Shortly afterwards, he participated in the first overseas deployment of Australian military aviators to German New Guinea. Following a brief tour as an instructor at Central Flying School, Point Cook, he deployed with the first Australian Flying Corps operational deployment to Mesopotamia, now Iraq. Flying by day and tending patients by night, Lt Merz managed to combine both his profession and his hobby until his remarkable life prematurely ended on 30 July 1915.


This thesis is on the study of the mechanisms for the production of nonlinear photon-photon interaction under the condition of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), and on the implementation of a Quantum Error Correction (QEC) scheme adopting a Cavity Quantum
Electrodynamics (CQED) set-up. The latter part of the thesis will be treated in the last chapter.
Large non linear eects are usually accompanied, by a large increase of the absorption. This fact makes classical nonlinear devices not useful for the purposes of the rapid developing fields of Quantum Computation and Information. Strong absorption process results in a complete loss of
the information represented by the state of the photons. EIT is a well known process of atomic coherence, largely studied starting from the seventies together with the discovery of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT), Lasing Without Inversion (LWI), slow light propagation.
After the recent experimental realization of slowed down light, EIT has experienced a revival in recent years mainly due to the possible application to Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (QC&QI). EIT is a process that makes transparent a previously opaque medium thanks to the interaction with an electromagnetic field. It is a manifestation of the quantum nature of atoms, that exploits a quantum interference process. In this thesis we will show how an EIT medium permits to obtain giant non-linear Kerr interaction (up to eight order of magnitude
increase) even at low light level, by the study of several light-atoms scheme. The production and control of giant cross phase modulation (XPM) is analysed and all sources of noise and loss will be included in the treatment.
The main goal of this thesis is to study the photon-photon interaction at the level of single photons in several multilevel schemes. In the full quantum limit we shall concentrate to a specific light-atoms interaction scheme, the symmetric M scheme (SMS) under the condition of EIT. We
shall study how to implement a Quantum Phase Gate (QPG). Such a gate has been already experimentally realized for a cavity, but here we want to find the optimal condition to implement the QPG between flying qubits. To this end we adopt EIT in order increase the photon-photon
interaction: in a cavity such an increase is provided by the small volume of the cavity, while in EIT it is based on the strong dispersion dn/dω at the center of the transparency window. Photons represent the best candidates for the implementation of transmission lines for carrying
quantum information, and this is why strong nonlinear hoton-photon interaction is particularly interesting from the point of view of quantum information.
In this scenario the principal goal of this thesis is to analyze the potentiality of a EIT based device in full quantum regime, for the implementation of the QPG. The quantities that define the performance of the gate are calculated in detail including decoherence mechanisms and finding a possible set-up for the experimental realization.


The outbreak of Covid-19 Pandemic has changed a lot in people's living style, many cities are shutting down restaurants, shopping malls, gyms, and schools to try to stop the spread of this Pandemic virus, and people are needed to stay at home to avoid virus infection. However, water bodies, natural and built environment, and related sociological systems, have experienced significant impact from the economic slowdown and the reduction of pollutant loading from industries, vehicle emission, and other sources. WRE conference debuted in 2015, when the first WRE was held in Beijing. The WRE conference highlighted the needs to maintain the sustainability of indispensable water resources under increasing uncertainty and to protect the fragile water environments under the growing concern of intensive use of water we are facing today. As an annually held conference, this conference has been successfully held in Shanghai, Qingdao, Kaohsiung, and Macau in the past years. List of WRE2020 Scientific Committee Members are available in this pdf.


Molybdenum disilicide has recently been developed as an excellent heating element of high refractoriness and of high oxidation resistivity. The binary system of MoSi2-ZrO2 was studied for the purpose of improving the too low electrical resistivity of MoSi2 without changing the other favorable characteristics.ZrO2 used was previously stabilized by dissolving 10 mol % of Y2O3 at 1600°C. Samples of six different chemical compositions differing from each other by 20% in ZrO2 content, were formed under the pressure of 6ton/cm2 and sintered at five different temperatures between 1300° and 1650°C in H2 gas.The electrical resistivity, density and modulus of rupture were measured on sintered specimens and expressed as functions of sintering temperature, chemical composition and sintering time.The density becomes minimum at about 60% of ZrO2 content and the modulus of rupture varies approximately with the density.The electrical resistivity at a room temperature increases rapidly with the amount of ZrO2 above 60%. The change of the electrical resistivity was also investigated up to the surface temperature of 1700°C. The resistivity increases with temperature on the MoSi2 side, while decreases on the ZrO2 side.The thermal shock test by repeated rapid heating and cooling between a room temperature and 1400°C, showed that the samples of the medium composition had the least thermal shock resistance.


The method of manufacturing an embossed sheet having a fine embossed pattern with high productivity and safety is provided according to the present invention. The method of the invention the pressure roll 24 and the embossing roll (23) for rotating a while laminated fusing the molten resin 27 in the embossing roll side of the cooled and solidified substrate sheet 25, the cooled and solidified substrate sheet It involves pressed by.


As part of an ongoing investigation of winter mortality of wildlife in Saskat¬ chewan, conducted jointly by the Wildlife Branch of the Department of Tourism and Renewable Resources and the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, winter mortality of white-tailed deer was again monitored in the very mild 1980-1981 winter. Subjectively, the 1980-1981 winter can be described as very mild with above average mean monthly temperatures, snowpack below average in most of agricultural Saskat¬ chewan, a mild preceding autumn, and a shorter than average period of snow cover. White-tailed deer found dead by DTRR field staff during winter were ex¬ amined to measure their physical condi¬ tion and to determine the factors caus¬ ing and/or contributing to their death. A total of 61 white-tailed deer was submitted for necropsy, notably higher than the 35 deer submitted the previous winter, also judged to be mild, but still markedly less than the totals submitted in severe winters earlier in the study.1 However, as in the mild 1979-1980 winter, most of the specimens (91%) died as a result of collisions with auto¬ mobiles (89%) or trains (2%) (Table 1). Shooting, a bacterial infection, a trapper's snare, and predation by coyotes each accounted for one death. The deer was only maimed in the predator attack and was subsequently shot. One old female in poor bodily condition died after running into a fence and one deer died of shock following rupture of muscles in its hind limbs probably due to slipping on ice. As was found in the 1979-1980 winter, mortality


Platonic solids, representing the highest order of structural and molecular symmetry have been crafted from single modular elements that carry information relating to lengths and angles.


Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide with notable differences in ischemic presentation between men and women.1,2 Prior studies have shown significant sex differences in the presentation of both acute and chronic coronary syndromes. As coronary atherosclerosis is an important driver of cardiovascular disease events in both sexes, it is critically important to understand sex differences in atherosclerotic features to provide better sex-specific treatment strategies in the future.


Abstract Many depressed people, young men in particular, do not seek professional help. This social constructionist action research project aimed to construct a comprehensive self-help website for students. Its goal was to give a multi-layered ('thick') account of depression to website users offering empowering perspectives and strategies while challenging barriers to help-seeking. Thirteen student interviewees, representing diverse demographics and depression experiences, attended semi-structured interviews to elicit 'coping' narratives. Ten of them then formed an ongoing e-mail focus group. An evaluative action research spiral was used to analyse and act upon public health guidelines, student interviews and student focus group commentary. Triangulation was provided via the specifications and ongoing feedback from the other project stakeholders. These were the funding charity steering group (including heads of university counselling services); the university providing programme/ethical approval; and the ...


This paper summarizes our efforts towards the realizaton of an intelligent autonomous tracking and pointing system for space applications. A powerful 3D graphic software testbed has also been developed to simulate a likely scenario of autonomous tracking and pointing operations during a planetary flyby mission.


4 Corresponding authors Abstract Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described based on the adult male and female, plus larva. Chetoneura Colless, previously associated with Orfelia and known from a single species from caves in Malaysia, is formally transferred to the Keroplatini. This is the first description of the larva and of the gen- eral biology of the genus. The larva of this new species is suspended in a roughly horizontal hammock of silken threads amidst mucous coated snare threads from the roof of caves, but is not bioluminescent as some species of other genera in Keroplatidae (e.g., Arachnocampa, Keroplatus, and Orfelia). A key to separate both species of the genus is provided. The position of the genus within the Keroplatini is considered. Chetoneura is considered to be closely related to a clade containing Heteropterna and Ctenoceridion.


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature infants. The prevalence is not decreased this decade in spite of. advanced neonatal care. The pathophysiology of BPD is multifactorial. Prevention of BPD by avoiding prematurity, gentle ventilation care and prevention of pulmonary inflammation is the cornerstone of management. Once BPD developed, it is remarkable resistant to pharmacological treatment, since most agents only target one of the possible mechanisms such as bronchoconstriction, airway hyperactivity, pulmonary edema, airway inflammation and chronic lung injury and repair. This paper will review the usage of these agents in the prevention and treatment of BPD.


Organic symmetric disulfides have been broadly studied in various fields such
as synthetic intermediates for various organic transformations, agro-chemicals, biochemistry,
pharmacological chemistry, industrial polymers, peptidomimetics, self-assembled
monolayers (SAMs), etc. Owing to versatile applications, the search and development of
efficient, environmentally friendly, mild and inexpensive methods for the preparation of
organic disulfides play an important role in the organic functional group transformations.
Various aspects of the S–S bond formation are available in some books on organic functional
group transformations, as well as two review articles that have been published in the
years 2008 and 2014 highlighting the developments of disulfide bond formation using a
variety of reagents. However, investigations on new catalytic methods are being regularly
reported and new types of disulfides are synthesized. The present review has attempted to systematically summarize
recent catalytic advances in the process of S–S bond formation with a major focus since 2014 on highlighting
mechanistic considerations, scope, advantages, and limitations. This review does not include patent
literature.


Information hiding technology guarantees the security of information exchange in the internet. A highly secure information hiding method was presented recently -- Coverless information hiding and it attached many attention. But the low hiding capacity limits its application. A modified coverless information method called label model based coverless information hiding method was proposed in this paper. The new label model of the method use a tag to positioning the keywords as much as possible, and add a header file to hide the number of the keywords. The new method will hide more information compare with the coverless information hiding method before, because we usually hide fixed number of the information in the past. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the capacity of the method obviously.


We study the relativistic quark-antiquark system embedded in magnetic field. The Hamiltonian containing confinement, one gluon exchange and spin-spin interaction is derived. We analytically follow the evolution of the lowest meson states as a functions of MF strength. Calculating the one gluon exchange interaction energy and spin-spin contribution we have observed, that these corrections remain finite at large magnetic fields, preventing the vanishing of the total rho-meson mass at some B_crit, as previously thought. We display the rho masses as functions of magnetic field in comparison with recent lattice data.


The specimen represents a rather typical African form of this taxon. The marginal teeth of the leaf are small and the leaf cells near isodiametric, but on the basis of the clearly differentiated juxtacostal cells, the specimen belongs to var. rhynchophyrum . Two other tropical African species are Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. and P. undulatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. which differ by having an acute or cuspidate leaf apex, which in P. rhynchophorum tends to be emarginate and apiculate, and having sharper and larger projecting marginal teeth on their leaves. The distribution of P. rhynchophyrum is mapped and African specimens listed in Koponen (1981).


The spatial and temporal variations in water quality were assessed in Pulicat lake during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the status of the estuarine water. Among the physical parameters studied, only turbidity recorded high values. Chemical parameters exhibited variations between stations among the two years of study. There was an increase in the values of BOD, COD, TDS and TH. These indicate that there was an increase in pollutants reaching the estuary, probably due to the discharge of three seasonal rivers that open in to the lake and the Buckingham canal that brings in industrial and domestic waste.


It is provided a method, comprising coupling respective portions of a transmission resource to fixed beams in a 1:1 relationship such that the portions coupled to different fixed beams do not overlap, wherein the transmission resource is foreseen for transmission by the cell, each of the fixed beams is defined by a fixed beam weight vector, and a number of the fixed beams is predefined and equal to or larger than 2; allocating one of the fixed beams and the portion of the transmission resource coupled to the one of the fixed beams to a terminal; configuring a transmitting device to transmit to the terminal in the fixed beam and the portion of the transmission resource allocated to the terminal.


This study was carried out on the Attitude of Biology Teachers towards Improvisation and Utilization of Instructional Materials in Private Secondary Schools in Potiskum Local Government Area. Four research questions in line with the purpose of the study were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The target group of the study was the entire 38 Biology teachers from 22 Private schools in Potiskum Local Government Area. Due to manageable size of the group, there is no sample and sampling technique used for the study as such the entire group was used for the study. Data were collected for the study through the administration of structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using mean. The findings of the study revealed that, Biology teachers give students group projects to produce instructional materials and Biology teachers request that students bring materials in the environment to be used as improvised material during lessons. The findings of the study also revealed that, Biology teacher utilized improvised Visual aids like diagram, charts, posters, pictures and photographs for effective teaching of Biology, and Biology teachers utilized available resource person in the community to improvised instructional materials for teaching Biology. The findings of the study further revealed that, the use of Improvised Biology Materials helps the biology teachers to capture and sustain the curiosity and interest of the learners towards the lesson in schools and that the use of Improvised Biology Materials helps the biology teachers to motivate students in the subject being taught. The findings of the study also revealed that, lack of awareness on where to obtain facilities for improvising instructional materials and lack of motivation on part of government for Biology teachers in their efforts towards improvisation of instructional materials for teaching Biology are some of the problems faced by Biology teachers towards improvisation of Instructional Materials for Teaching and Learning of Biology in Private Secondary Schools in Potiskum Local Government Area. It was recommended that, Policy-makers in the secondary schools should raise fund so as to procure materials necessary for improvisation and purchase of textbooks that will facilitate the effective teaching of the course.


Coping styles are the important and effective factors on employees' behavior in organizations. According to the moderating role of efficient and inefficient coping styles, the main purpose of this research was to study the role of job stress on deviant behaviors. The research sample group consisted of three hundred eighty teachers (192 male and 188 female) in Esfahan, Iran. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that efficient coping styles moderates marginally the relationship between enterprise and challenging stress with deviant behaviors toward individuals. Further analysis revealed that only for women, efficient coping styles moderates the relationship between enterprise and challenging stress with deviant behaviors toward individuals. That is, in high efficient coping styles, there is a positive and significant relationship between enterprise stress and deviant behaviors toward individuals, but in low efficient coping styles, rather than in high efficient coping styles, there is a stranger relationship between challenge stress and deviant behaviors toward individuals.


On 22 June 2017, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution A/ RES/71/292 in which, referring to Article 65 of the Statute of the Court, it requested the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion 2 questions on the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 by the Lancaster House Undertakings. Even if the case seems to be between the United Kingdom and Mauritius, in fact, the case has a Sui Generis character and is between the United Nations and the United Kingdom.


Background: Potential harms of screening mammography include false positive results, such as recall breast imaging or biopsies. Methods: We recruited women undergoing screening mammography at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York. They completed a questionnaire on breast cancer risk factors and permitted access to their medical records. Breast cancer risk status was determined using the Gail model and a family history screener. High risk was defined as a 5-year invasive breast cancer risk of ≥1.67% or eligible for BRCA genetic testing. False positive results were defined as recall breast imaging (BIRADS score of 0, 3, 4, or 5) and/or biopsies that did not yield breast cancer. Results: From November 2014 to October 2015, 2,361 women were enrolled and 2,019 were evaluable, of whom 76% were Hispanic and 10% non-Hispanic white. Fewer Hispanic women met high-risk criteria for breast cancer than non-Hispanic whites (18.0% vs. 68.1%), but Hispanics more frequently engaged in annual screening (71.9% vs. 60.8%). Higher breast density (heterogeneously/extremely dense vs. mostly fat/scattered fibroglandular densities) and more frequent screening (annual vs. biennial) were significantly associated with false positive results [odds ratio (OR), 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–2.04 and OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.70–2.80, respectively]. Conclusions: We observed that women who screened more frequently or had higher breast density were at greater risk for false positive results. In addition, Hispanic women were screening more frequently despite having a lower risk of breast cancer compared with whites. Impact: Our results highlight the need for risk-stratified screening to potentially minimize the harms of screening mammography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 446–53. ©2018 AACR.


Though I consider myself agnostic, a curious pattern, and a source of jest for my friends, has emerged from my reading. Most of my favorite imaginative writers are Catholic. And not just cultural or nominal Catholics but devoted practitioners like Graham Greene, Flannery O'Connor and Czeslaw Milosz, who wrestled unabated with all the demands of their faith.


'TEACH outside your box' is the term for North Lincolnshire Council's approach to thinking differently, influencing learning and developing potential in schools. It considers how to plan, teach and assess the foundation subjects in an enriched climate for learning.


In Asia, urban water security garners much greater attention than any other water-related issue. This is largely because of deteriorating infrastructure, rising demand for water and sanitation, water pollution, floods, and ineffective decision-making, all of which threaten city residents' safety and security. This policy brief presents several science-based concepts and frameworks that could be applied to Asian urban water issues and contribute to achieving water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): • Utilize the multifunctional nature of urban water systems — integrate city planning with the urban water environment to consider synergies and tradeoffs, and create win-win situations • Adapt principles of the circular economy for cities' water management, to result in an increase of economic benefits • Introduce small-scale, decentralized, modern water-quality technologies vital to solving emerging urban water challenges • Most importantly, central governments should foster supportive environments for innovative science-based solutions to build urban water resilience


INTRODUCTION In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oncogenic driver mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) typically occur in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21. Until recently, EGFRdriven tumours displaying sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have almost exclusively comprised those with activating mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21, while tumours with primary activating mutations located within exon 20, and particularly those with insertions or deletion–insertions, largely appeared to be resistant to TKIs. For this reason, singlegene tests such as quantitative PCR (qPCR)based assays performed as part of standard clinical diagnostic testing have understandably focused predominantly on the most common driver mutations within exons 18, 19 and 21, which are known to confer TKI sensitivity. Novel therapeutic agents for patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions are currently in trials, and as such, determining the frequency and diversity of exon 20 mutations in the NSCLC population may be highly relevant to future clinical practice. Since data from most qPCRbased EGFR tests are unlikely to identify and will not classify the full spectrum of exon 20 activating mutations, nextgeneration sequencing (NGS)based NSCLC screening is best placed to determine their frequency within a cohort of these patients. While this has been reported in other populations, this has not been described in the UK from largescale standard of care testing centred within the National Health Service (NHS). Our laboratory has been performing targeted NGS as the standard of care test for NSCLCassociated mutations since 2014, as previously described, and this clinical sequencing data have been used to profile EGFR exon 20 mutations across a large representative cohort.


Energy levels of the valence electron of a single trapped "SSr+ ion can be harnessed as an effective qubit for quantum information processing. The qubit transition to a metastable energy state can be stimulated by a laser at a frequency of 444.779044 THz. A laser beam with higher intensity causes more rapid transitions between quantum states, and thus allows more computational operations within the coherence time of the system. The focus of this thesis is the design and construction of a more powerful laser to stimulate the qubit transition of the 88Sr+ ion, using injection-locking to stabilize the frequency of the new laser. Injection-locking is a technique for using an existing, stable laser to control the frequency of a second laser diode. A small amount of input power is enough to produce a much more powerful output beam at the same frequency, so the system acts as an amplifier. We found that a AlGaInP laser diode required 9 ± 2 pW of injected input power to lock to the input frequency, producing an output power of 11.56 i 0.31 mW. The ratio of input to output power was (7.8 ± 1.7) x10-4. The injection-locking frequency range was 18.4 ± 1.6 MHz. Thesis Supervisor: Isaac L. Chuang Title: Professor of Physics Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science


Abstract ─ A broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with improved gain is proposed. The broadband CP antenna consists of two folded off-center-fed dipoles. Due to the two-dipole configuration, the antenna gain is improved by almost 2 dB. It is shown by simulation and experiment that the broadband CP antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 52% (1.71-2.89 GHz) for reflection coefficient<-15 dB and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 45% (1.75-2.73 GHz) for AR<3 dB. The average antenna gain is about 10 dBi. A differentiallyfed broadband CP antenna is also developed. Simulated and measured results show that the differentially-fed CP antenna fulfills an impedance bandwidth of 60% (1.53-2.83 GHz) for differential reflection coefficient <-15 dB and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 44% (1.76-2.75 GHz). The average antenna gain is about 10 dBi. The gain-improved broadband CP antennas feature a simple planar configuration, which are suitable for applications in satellite/wireless communications.


Indonesia has implemented the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) program administered by the BPJS Kesehatan (Health Care and Social Security Agency) to improve the quality of community health and well-being. In eight years, JKN implementation has had many challenges; complicated registration, premium, unsatisfactory service, and the lack of community participation. Policies regarding JKN should be known and understood. This study aimed to know the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards health insurance that will be useful for stakeholders to develop public policies. This study was conducted in Umbulsari B sub-village in Sumberharjo, Prambanan, Yogyakarta, the lowest area of JKN participation based on Sleman HDSS data. We used a cross-sectional design study among 91 respondents who filled out a paper sheet questionnaire that consisted of five sections; demographic characteristics and insurance participation, knowledge, attitudes, actions, and satisfaction with the JKN program. Then, the community service activities; coordination with local stakeholders; JKN participation identification using CHIKA; educational media production and publication. Local stakeholders said that awareness about JKN is low. CHIKA data identification from 529 ID shows that 78.1% had become JKN participants, and 73.3% were "active". The respondents answered most of each knowledge point correctly (score >90%). But there are several things that respondents disagree with: "every participant will get the same health services (19.78%) in attitude point, and health workers in health facilities do not discriminate (21.21%) in satisfaction point. Then 21.21% of respondents rarely use health services routinely for medical check-ups. We developed educational media about the importance of JKN, as well as using CHIKA and Pandawa tutorials. Education about health insurance needs to be carried out continuously according to the local cultural context and innovations so that the community remains protected from the financial burden of accessing health services.


"Shanzhai" is a cultural phenomenon widely spread currently. In the context of Chinese contemporary culture,"Shanzhai" is no longer an isolated thing. The present article expounds upon the generating,its relationship between mainstream culture and elite culture,its semantic generalization of "Shanzhai" culture.


It is not known how to extract carotenoid- which has a high value -optimally from palm oil  mesocarp fiber (POMF). The research objective was to determine the optimization of oil extraction from POMF waste and to determine the optimization of carotenoid extraction from POMF oil. The research was carried out in 2 stages: The first stage was oil extraction from the POMF with the treatment factor ratio of hexane to the weight of the POMF and the extraction time. Stage 2 Optimization of carotenoid  extraction using the solvolitic method with treatment: Minor solvent types Methyl ester (Me) caprylate-caprate (C8 –C10) and Me laurate-myristate (C12-C14) and minor solvent concentrations of 0.1% and 0, 25%. Parameters analyzed were: oil content, Deterioration bleaching of index (DOBI), and carotenoid concentration. Optimization ratio between hexane and POMF weight is 1:40 (vol / g) with an oil content of 2.938%. Optimization of extraction time for 100 minutes with 4.104% oil content. Optimization of carotenoid extraction is by using minor solvent Me C8-C10 with a solvent amount of 0.1% which results in a carotenoid concentration of 302.442 ppm and DOBI of 5.74. The increase in caroten concentration resulted from saponification reached 114.2 times from the carotenoid concentration in POMF oil.


A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) is an approach to identify common genetic variations associated with a disease. It is widely used to determine the genetic basis of diseases. In this paper, the applications of GWAS on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were reviewed.


The present work determined the antioxidant activities, and colour and anthocyanin stabilities of Garcinia mangostana peel (GMP) and Clitoria ternatea flower (CTF) extract mixtures. The plants were extracted at three different ratios of GMP:CTF at three different extractant pH levels (3.0, 3.5, and 4.0). The highest synergistic effects of ORAC, FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were observed in the mixture of 25% GMP and 75% CTF (25GMP:75CTF) extracted at pH 3.5. Based on the kinetic degradation of anthocyanin, and the L*, C*, and h° values, 25GMP:75CTF extracted at pH 3.5 exhibited a significantly lower rate constant (-k = 2.27) and higher half-life (t1/2 = 5.09 h) over 100°C, thus indicating the most stable mixture ratio and extractant pH condition of those tested. Therefore, the mixture of GMP and CTF at a ratio of 25:75 and an extractant pH of 3.5 produced the most stable extract with a good synergistic effect.


Segmentation of brain regions affected by ischemic stroke helps to overcome the main obstacles in modern studies of stroke visualization. Unfortunately, contemporary methods of solving this problem using artificial intelligence methods are not optimal. Therefore, in the study we consider how to increase the efficiency of segmentation of the stroke focus using computer perfusion imaging using modifications based on UNet. The network was trained and tested using the ISLES 2018 dataset. The publication includes an analysis of the results obtained, as well as recommendations for future research. By choosing the appropriate model parameters, our approach can be easily applied to detect ischemic stroke. We present modified U-Net models with two ResNet blocks as U-Net+ ResNetblock 1 and U-Net +ResNetblock 2, as well as a modified UNet model.  Due to the small number of images for training the model, the best results were obtained by applying data preprocessing and object representation approaches, as well as data normalization methods to avoid overfitting. The results show that the modified UNet model is superior to other models in terms of average distance and recall, that are significant parameters for segmentation of the stroke.


NEW GUIDELINES from the UKCC claim that nurses can take a leading role in the continuing care of older people.


Objective To investigate the expression of miR-10a in malignantly transformed cells induced by anti-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) and explore the relationship between miR-10a and its target oncogene HOXA1.Methods To quantify miR-10a expression between malignantly transformed cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells,we employed a highly sensitive technique that uses stem-loop primers for reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. On the other hand,we examined the expression of HOXA1 by using half quantitative RT-PCR,real-time PCR and flow cytometry.Results In comparison to the corresponding control cells,miR-10a expression was 0.01 times in transformed cells,HOXA1 mRNA expression was 3.12±0.23 times by RT-PCR and 8.75 times by real-time PCR,HOXA1 protein was 3.48 times by flow cytometry.Conclusion MiR-10a might negatively regulate its target gene HOXA1.


China ranks first in terms of tobacco production and consumption.The key to improve the efficiency and vitality of such industry relies on the establishment of the legal management that suits the market competition and modern business administration when tobacco industry is state-monopolized in China.This paper gives a comparison between the Chinese administrative model of tobacco industry and the management model of the international tobacco companies and brings up some suggestions for Chinese tobacco companies.


Analyzing the misunderstanding of sampling of automobile coal,this paper proposed that the sampling process should implement relative standards,and operate standardized,so that the samples are representative.


Any life forms organized on earth have always set up a biunique relationship with the surrounding environment, and even if they have changed slowly their habits to adapt themselves to the surrounding context, on the other side they have changed the environment to make it more suitable to their needs. Today most of the building heritage of the historical centres does not meet the users' needs, in terms of functionality and efficiency, and is mostly in a state of physical decay. So we can understand the need to promote a rehabilitation process of the historical buildings that must take into account the present topics of sustainability. It is not easy to promote the concept of energy efficiency in the design of the building envelope because, besides the energetic, technical and plant engineering aspect, we need to consider the cultural problems arising when the architectural and environmental values do not allow any invasive actions. Therefore, the introduction of sustainability into the building design of the historical envelope is more complex, as the process of compatibility involves the interaction between the environmental context, the local resources, the building techniques of the past but also the innovative ones. For this reason, on one side we found the recovery of the principles of the past and on the other one the introduction of project solutions that are technologically advanced and compatible at the same


We study the gravitational lensing effects of spiral galaxies by taking a model of the Milky Way and computing its lensing properties. The model is composed of a spherical Hernquist bulge, a Miyamoto–Nagai disc and an isothermal halo. As a strong lens, a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way can give rise to four different imaging geometries. They are (i) three images on one side of the galaxy centre ('disc triplets'), (ii) three images with one close to the centre ('core triplets'), (iii) five images and (iv) seven images. Neglecting magnification bias, we show that the core triplets, disc triplets and fivefold imaging are roughly equally likely. Even though our models contain edge-on discs, their image multiplicities are not dominated by disc triplets. The halo is included for completeness, but it has a small effect on the caustic structure, the time delays and brightnesses of the images.

The Milky Way model has a maximum disc (i.e. the halo is not dynamically important in the inner parts). Strong lensing by nearly edge-on disc galaxies breaks the degeneracy between the relative contributions of the disc and halo to the overall rotation curve. If a spiral galaxy has a submaximum disc, then the astroid caustic shrinks dramatically in size, whilst the radial caustic shrinks more modestly. This causes changes in the relative likelihood of the image geometries, specifically (i) core triplets are now ∼9/2 times more likely than disc triplets, (ii) the cross-section for threefold imaging is reduced by a factor of ∼2/3, whilst (iii) the cross-section for fivefold imaging is reduced by ∼1/2. Although multiple imaging is less likely (the cross-sections are smaller), the average total magnification is greater. The time delays are smaller, as the total projected lensing mass is reduced.


Dividend initiations are an economically significant event that has important implications for a firm?s future financial capacity. Given that the market?s expectation of a consistent payout, managers of IPO firms must approach the initial dividend decision cautiously. We compare the long run performance of IPO firms that initiated dividends with those of similarly matched non-payers. We found that firms which initiated dividends perform significantly better up to three years after the initiation date. Moreover, we measure investor reactions by 2-day around dividend announcement date cumulative abnormal return. We evidence no statistically significant differences between cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of IPO firms and cumulative abnormal returns of Non-IPO firms, indicating that investors do not response to dividend announcement of IPO firms more than they do to the dividend announcement of Non-IPO firms.


Dear Editor, Axillary hyperhidrosis has been treated by intradermal injections of botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) with good efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction. A universal standardized technique with respect to number of injections, dilution, dose, and dose per injection site of BoNT-A for axillary hyperhidrosis has not been established till date. In this article, the author has described a simple technique of BoNT-A administration for axillary hyperhidrosis where the therapeutic effect has lasted for about 1 year. A 29-year-old male, known case of idiopathic axillary hyperhidrosis for the past 8 years, visited our clinic for BoNT-A therapy. He had received BoNT-A injections for his complaints several times in the past and therapeutic effect lasted for 6-9 months. His medical history and laboratory work up was non-contributory. His score on Hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) was 4. After giving necessary consent for the procedure, topical anesthetic cream containing lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% (Prila, Avalon Pharma) was applied to axillae under occlusion for 45 min. After that, area was cleansed using ethyl alcohol pads (Figure 1A). The BoNT-A was administered using the following technique: The boundaries of axillae were marked (Figure 1B). Through the center of axilla, a longitudinal line was drawn vertically and another line drawn horizontally perpendicular to first line and bisecting it. Several lines were drawn parallel to first and second lines at a distance of 1 cm creating a grid pattern in axilla, each grid around the size of 1 cm (Figure 1C). It was presumed that the diffusion of BoNT-A is about 1 cm from the injection point. The formulation used was having 100 BoNT-A units (50 units per axilla) in a freeze dried vial (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals). One vial (100 BoNT-A units) was diluted with 5 mL normal saline. 0.5 mL insulin syringes were used. Thus, from one diluted vial, 10 syringes of 0.5 mL insulin syringe were formed (Figure 2), five syringes for each side. Each 0.5 mL insulin syringe has 50 units (an arbitrary unit unrelated to BoNT-A units; Figure 3A). For each axilla, we have five syringes giving a total of 250 (5 × 50) units. The total units (250) were divided by the number of grid squares on each side to get the dose for one injection point.


Based on geological evolution and metallogenetical characteristics in central-northern Daxing'anling, and the distribution characteristics of ore deposits at the adjacent areas in Mongolia and Russia, the geological units and metallogenetic zones are divided, the main types of the ore deposits and metallogenetical ages are summed up, and the direction of ore prospecting in the belt is proposed. The Daxing'anling metallogenetical belt is divided into three third-order geological units, i.e. Ergun block, Orogen Hercynian fold belt and Dongwuqi early-Hercynian fold belt, which can be subdivided into 14 fourth-order geological units. The main types of ore deposits are dominated by skarn, porphyry, hydrothermal, VMS, magmatic differentiation, placer and greisen, with porphyry and hydrothermal deposits being the main types. The hydrothermal ore deposits can be subdivided into 6 secondary types. The ore deposits are characterized by northeastern-striking distribution zone and a northwestern array. Two third-order metallogenetic zones (Deerbugan and Dongwuqi-Xing'an metallogenic belts) and 13 fourth-order metallogenetic enrichment belts can be divided based on ore distribution and the characters of main ore-controlling structures. The formation of deposits in the belt lasted a long period from early Paleozoic to late Mesozoic era, with the latter being the main period. The mineralization of various types of ore deposit is quite different. An individual porphyry copper (Mo and Cu) deposit might last from early Paleozoic to late Mesozoic, whereas others formed mainly during the Yanshanian. It is suggested that the future prospecting for skarn-type and hydrothermal type deposits in the Daxing'anling must concentrate on the Yanshanian tectonomagmatic active areas, whereas the prospecting for porphyry deposits on the Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonomagmatic active zones.


Objective To summarise the pathological behavior and the researches done on invasive pituitary adenoma in the molecular biological field in order to improve its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A comprehensive report was made referring to some pertinent literature. Results The invasiveness of pituitary adenoma could not be reliably predicted by the routine histological appearance of the tumor. Altered expressions of some oncogenes, anti-oncogenes, growth factors and cytokines were significantly correlated with the invasiveness of pituitary adenoma. Conclusion To explore useful markers reflecting the biological activity of invasive pituitary adenoma, such as altered expressions of oncogenes, antioncogenes, growth factors, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase, is very important to improve its clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation, and help us comprehend the pathogenesis of the tumor at the molecular level.


A family of distributions labelled as Poisson v Katz is formulated, which includes, as particular or limiting cases, the Negative Binomial, Neyman Type A, Poisson v Pascal, and Poisson v Binomial. Thus, while analyzing data, estimating the parameters in the Poisson v Katz family obviates the necessity of having to choose from among the particular or limiting cases. In this article minimum chi-square estimators are presented and their asymptotic relative efficiency obtained. An example is presented to illustrate the procedure


There are two simple methods of supplying power to a wireless, low-power sensor in an aircraft: a battery, or direct access to the aircraft power line. In the former, the battery will eventually need to be replaced whilst the latter option, which is highly intrusive and difficult to retrofit into existing aircraft, increases the weight and presents installation issues when large numbers of sensors are deployed. This paper presents initial experimental results of a non-intrusive method of harvesting energy by induction from aircraft power lines, in order to supply power to an aircraft wireless sensing application. The harvester comprises an inductive coil wound around a magnetic core, with the complete setup clamped around a single-phase AC power line.


Lal<e "I'oya is situatecl near Mt. Usu, a volcano which erupted on August 7th, 1977, when ash fell on the lake surface and causecl an abrupt increase of suspencled matter in the lake water. No significant difference in the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcitim, and magnesium ion was reported between the periods before and immediately after the activity of Mt. Usu. We investSgated the water quality (pH, temperature, conducti'vjty and concentration of eacli metal ion) in order to assess the long-term infiuence of the eruption of Mt. Usu and the changes on the standing vvater quality of Lal<e Toya. Sampling was carried out on December 8th ancl 9th, I983, at the stations beside the basin of Lal<e Toya and on November 30th, 1983, at sampling point$ at all the lal<e's inand outfiow rivers. The pH values and concentrations o,f sodium ancl calcium ions were found to be higher than those measured immediate]y afte,r the eruptiQn. The conductivity and concentratlon of potassium ion were low as compared with the former data. A significantly positive correlatien was detected between the clepth frem the lal<e $urface ancl conductivity, wliile high negative correlations were observed between the depth and the p}i[ and between the depth and water temperature. Nevertheless, the general features of the lake water were con$idered not to 1)ave changed.


With regard to the EU's progressive abolition of internal borders and its ever stricter external border controls, it has often been stated that freedom of movement for some means restriction for others. The EU, regardless of its internal governance model, will inevitably operate in a 'neighbourhood' characterized by increasing population pressures, decreasing state authority and greater immigration flows. In order to protect its internal structure (the area of freedom, security and justice), the migration policies of member states in general, and their external border policies in particular, have to be harmonized. Not only that, but the EU will have to create a zone of friendly states around itself and export as much of these border controls as possible to these 'aspirant states', turning them into a buffer zone against migratory flows. The basic dilemma between Turkey's implementation of the Schengen acquis arises at this point: Turkey demands concrete membership guarantees similar to those given to the remaining 12 candidate states before changing her immigration, asylum and visa policies. The EU, on the other hand, refuses to provide such concrete guarantees for eventual membership. As a result, Turkey fears the negative consequences like disruption of border trade, becoming a dumping area for refugees, and financing the costs of these policy changes on her own. The aim of this paper is to make a comparison between the remaining candidate states and Turkey in terms of pros and cons of applying Schengen standards. Its main arguments can be stated as follows: the EU states that it cannot grant Turkey full membership before she complies with the membership criteria, of which Justice and Home Affairs reforms are a part. Turkey, on the other hand, operates under the premises of regional and bilateral relations so long as EU membership does not become certain. In terms of visa policy, this means that Turkey would adopt the Schengen acquis to the extent she receives a more structured approach from the EU, especially in terms of membership guarantees and burden sharing. In the absence of such an approach, the results of applying Schengen standards would be disruptive for regional and bilateral relations, and convert Turkey into a buffer zone against migratory flows for the EU. As in the case of customs union, such a development would reduce Turkey's cards and cement her 'special status' as a country that consumes EU policies for the sake of an eventual membership, but never receives one.


The problem of constructing globally convergent, reduced-order observers for nonlinear systems is addressed. Current results on nonlinear observer design require that the nonlinearities appearing in the system equations are either linear functions of the unmeasured states or monotonic functions of a linear combination of the states. In this paper we relax these two assumptions by allowing for a wider class of nonlinearities to appear in the system equations. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a simple example and on the well-known "ball and beam" mechanical system


In order to use Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) in a Participatory Design of a leisure area, the application equipAR! for iPad was developed. The purpose of this application is to enable the visualization and interaction in AR of 3D models of urban equipment for leisure areas. It is intended to use this application in the context of Participatory Design, involving users of multiple profiles, both architects and non-specialist from low-income families who often have little education and do not have familiarity with new technologies. Therefore, it was found that there is the need to evaluate which conditions favor the recognition of 3D models in AR through an experimental research. The aim is to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the scale of the 3D model and the real dimension of urban equipment that is more favorable for the user understanding. Therefore, it is investigated whether the type of marker (ID Marker or Picture Marker) affects the user perception in relation to the 3D model presented and in what manner. This research identifies the conditions that favor the use of Mobile AR by non-specialist with scale models for leisure areas.


Mine closure is the set of all activities that follow the end of the productive phase of a mine, characterizing itself as the process of returning an area transformed by mining into a new condition of sustainability, considering the potential future and the best possible reclamation of the area impacted. However, such an understanding was not conceivable during the Colonial Period, a time when gold mining took place in the Ouro Preto Hill, among others, and nearly 200 years after the end of the gold rush, negative and positive impacts are revealed by the human interaction and the urban occupation on those mined areas. Through both geographic information data of eighteenth-century mining traces and a socioeconomic study involving six tourist gold mines, this article describes how overcoming paradigms involving underground mines have resulted in business opportunities, setting a success example of Mine Closure and future use of the area, showing an alternative way to handle the current abandoned mines.


Author: Doug Mikkelsen Title: Fatigue: Investigation of a Human Factor for Regional Airline Pilots Institution: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Degree: Master of Aeronautical Science Year: 1998 This study analyzed the causes of regional airline pilot fatigue and the impact on pilot performance. An instrument was developed and refined through a field study validation by a panel of experts. The final instrument was distributed to three groups of regional airline pilots. The data supported the literature review, which revealed many causes of pilot fatigue, including flight crew schedules that are not compatible with human limitations; Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) that have not evolved with the advancement of aircraft performance and the public demand for 24 hour availability of flights; and poor personal habits. An analysis of the data and literature led to the following conclusions: (a) the existing flight crew schedules and FARs pertaining to flight time limitations and rest requirements are not compatible with human limitations, (b) fatigue has a negative impact on pilot performance, and (c) pilot fatigue has been a contributing factor in many aircraft accidents and incidents.


The present invention, by using a rotating magnetic field which generates a Lorentz force This object is achieved, for the purpose of mixing in the liquid state, in a fluid, strong three-dimensional flows up to the vicinity of the solidification front is achieved, it is to be guaranteed free surface not disturbed fluid simultaneously. Solution, the rotational direction of the magnetic field that rotates in a horizontal plane (15, 16), is changed at regular intervals in the form of time (T In, is set as provided in accordance with the initial adjustment time In, initial adjustment time It is set to be adjusted in response to an initial conditioning time Given by during the initial conditioning time .FIELD 1d


The utility model relates to an LED lamp, comprising a lamp bracket and lamp holders disposed at the bottom of both sides of the lamp bracket, the tube inserted and covered between the two lamp holders comprises a radiator, a hollow cavity of the radiator, a rectifier nested inside the hollow cavity, a light reflecting panel covered at the bottom of the radiator, a plurality of LED lamps connected with the light reflecting panel and a lampshade nested at the bottom of the radiator. The lamp replaces the current fluorescent tube with an improved LED lamp, effectively solves the dissipation problem, prolongs the service life of the tube, and is acceptant by consumers.


SISILIA FLORINA YANTI. Physicochemical Characteristization of "Sebaring"Taro (Alocasia macrorhiza) Starch Modified by Acetylation Method and its Application on Dried Noodles, supervised by Herla Rusmarilin and Elisa Julianti. "Sebaring" taro is one of taro types that is widely available in Maumere, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. It is a source of carbohydrates in the form of starch that can be used as raw materials for starch-based food such as dried noodles. Natural starch has a weakness that is not soluble in cold water, take a long time in cooking, pasta produced quite hard, and has a low stability that it needs to be starch modified. This was aimed to study the characteristics of physical, chemical and functional "Sebaring" taro tuber starch that modified by acetylation method and its influence on physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of dried noodles made from a mixture of flour and acetylat starch of "Sebaring" taro with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate. The research was conducted in two (2) phase. The first phase is characteristic of taro, flour and acetylated starch, and the second phase is the application in dried noodles, who is using a factorial completely randomized design consisting of two (2) factors. The first factor was the ratio of acetylated starch and wheat flour (P) consists of four (4) levels: 0: 100 (P1); 25:75 (P2); 50:50 (P3); and 75:25 (P4). The second was the concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate (F) consisting of three (3) level of 0.4% (F1); 0.5% (F2); and 0.6% (F3). The results showed that the modified starch physical characteristics, chemical and functionally different had from native starch. acetylated Starch of "Sebaring" taro had resistant starch content of 11.12% that higher than those of natural starch 4.75%. The oxalate levels was lower (7.20%) compared to the natural starch (17.33%). The swelling power was 68.40% compared to natural starch (38.44%), but the water and oil absorption similar to the natural starch. The ratio of acetylated starch and wheat flour and sodium tripolyphosphate had significant effect on physical, chemical and sensory characteristic noodle produced. The ratio of acetylated starch and the concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate of 0.4% and wheat floor of 25:75, the dried noodles had a higher protein content (5.16%), fiber content and acceptable organoleptic value, cooking loss of 8.33% and lower total sugar (23.5% and 13, 57%).


This Application Bulletin describes an approach for developing near-infrared methods for the determination of residual moisture in typical lyophilized pharmaceutical products. In this case, samples were contained in sealed 30 mL serum vials (3 cm o.d.). The average cake weight of this product was 1.6 g with a target moisture level of 1% and acceptable moisture limit of not more than 2% by weight. A calibration sample set was prepared by spiking sample vials with varying amounts of water. Diffuse reflectance nearinfrared spectra of these calibration samples were acquired and multiple linear regression (MLR) algorithms applied to correlate spectral changes to experimentally measured moisture values as determined by Karl Fischer titration.


This paper presents a semi-automatic annotation tool for sign languages namely SLAN-tool. The SLAN-tool provides a web-based service for the annotation of sign language videos. Researchers can use the SLAN-tool web service to annotate new and existing sign language datasets with different types of annotations, such as gloss, handshape configurations, and signing regions. This is allowed using a custom tier adding functionality. A unique feature of the tool is its automatic annotation functionality which uses several neural network models in order to recognize signing segments from videos and classify handshapes according to HamNoSys handshape inventory. Furthermore, SLAN-tool users can export annotations and import them into ELAN. The SLAN-tool is publicly available at https://slan-tool.com.


Recent studies have investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) using real-world patient data such as electronic health records (EHR). Prior studies have typically been conducted on patient cohorts with small sample sizes1 or specific patient populations2,3 limiting generalizability. This study aims to characterize PASC using the EHR data warehouses from two large national patient-centered clinical research networks (PCORnet), INSIGHT and OneFlorida+, which include 11 million patients in New York City (NYC) and 16.8 million patients in Florida respectively. With a high-throughput causal inference pipeline using high-dimensional inverse propensity score adjustment, we identified a broad list of diagnoses and medications with significantly higher incidence 30-180 days after the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-infected patients. We found more PASC diagnoses and a higher risk of PASC in NYC than in Florida, which highlights the heterogeneity of PASC in different populations.


The new packaging technologies used for gallium nitride (GaN) devices avoid wire bonds and leads in order to completely utilize their switching performance. This also means that thermomechanical fatigue that used to exist within the device may no longer be a reliability problem. And one of the main bottlenecks for reliability will be the solder joints between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). To limit the thermal cycling induced failures in these points, an active thermal control scheme using a two step gate driver designed for GaN is presented in this paper. In contrast to the active thermal control techniques employing variable switching frequency control, this method does not alter the converter operation frequency; instead, it merely controls the GaN device slew rates. A simple temperature control algorithm that actively varies the device losses with the objective to minimize thermal cycling is proposed. The solder fatigue due to thermal cycling has been discussed. The effectiveness of this active thermal control scheme has been analyzed also in comparison with losses and validated with analysis, simulation, and experimental results.


In the context of the deployment and implementation of grid connected concentrated solar power plants which are in still progress in MENA regions, the different authority of this country like Algeria gives suitable environment for the promotion and the diversification of energy sources to produce electricity. The energy policy and legal framework are the main incentive trials to support that future environmental friendly assignment, thus in this work, a thermal performance analysis coupled to economic reliability were elaborated using SAM advisor software as a preliminary results in order to investigate whether the installation of high concentrated central receiver solar power plant in different regions (coastal, highland and Sahara) is feasible. We have carried out a method to optimize the Solar Multiple (SM) to get a trade-off between the incremental investment cost related to the heliostat field size and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) required, yielding a minimum Levelized Electricity Cost (LEC) in DZA/kWhe and allow higher Capacity Factors (CF) for dispatchability of the generated electricity within critical hours in the day. This study presents also the optimization process to build some design parameter like receiver working temperature with molten salt as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) medium and thus perform the allowable flux density admitted by the receiver cavity from a given size of heliostat field. Finally, the electricity unit cost, the Net Present Value (NPV) and the internal rate of return variants depending on the region are calculated. The results indicate that for optimal working parameters and a given size of the solar field, highland and Sahara regions are the suitable regions for grid integration and and economic competitiveness of the central receiver power tower plant.


Objectives This paper suggests a framework for looking into behavioural differences in chicken consumption patterns, following information on the avian influenza. The complexity of factors influencing the way a consumer processes food safety information makes it difficult to provide a comprehensive understanding of consumer response in the aftermath of a food scare. The main objective of this study is to model consumer decisions made under risk and uncertainty, when psychological and cultural differences are a major source of heterogeneity in response behaviour. The rationale for this study lies in the combination of economic and psychological modelling of consumer behaviour. In both areas, many studies have acknowledged the need for bridging the gap between the two disciplines to develop appropriate consumer behaviour models (see e.g. Arrow, 1958; Rabin, 1998 and references therein). The empirical aim of this work is a quantification of the relative weight of personal beliefs and economic factors in determining chicken purchasing decisions in different cultural and risk perception settings. In the following paragraphs of this section, we provide an overview of the varied impacts of information on the avian flu in various countries. In section 2, a simple regression model for explaining country differences is developed and estimated using nationally representative data, collected in May 2004 in 5 European countries, as part of the research in the EUfunded Trust project*. Finally, section 3 draws some conclusions.


OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the content determination of astilbin and rutin in Compound tufuling capsules. METHODS: HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric (15∶85,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and UV detection wavelength was at 291 nm and column temperature was 35℃. RESULTS: The linear range of astilbin was 2.00~20.00 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 100.40% (RSD=1.61%,n=9). The linear range of rutin was 47.96~239.80 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 101.51% (RSD=0.66%,n=9). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and stable for the quality control of Compound tufuling capsules.


This paper treats the relationship between vengeance and witchcraft in the contemporary Guarani-speaking indigenous region of Isoso, in the Bolivian Chaco. The cases study discussed are about accusations of witchcraft that have generated a retaliation action of vengeance. The argument is that the vengeance is a language that expresses a moral idea, turning into a norm a violent behaviour if validated and substantiated by an idea of justice. Indeed, vengeance is corrects only if it is exercised as a violent retaliatory action against witchcraft. The article concludes that the vengeance in Isoso continues to be conceived as a violent reciprocity mechanism even if the homicide now is forbidden. This because the vengeance still remains a thought model that establishes the community legal imagination and represents the conflictive relationship with witchcraft.


The defining characteristic of a distributed system is the (temporal) distance between components; communication time is non-trivial compared to processing time. Because of this, the design of efficient distributed computations involves trade-offs between maximizing the amount of parallelism and minimizing communication costs. We argue that any sort of centralized control, whether in user-level algorithms or at the systems level, impairs efficiency. We then introduce a scheme for automatic process synchronization that meets our locality criterion.


The invention discloses a universal rolling technology for rails, which can prevent the head of a rail-shaped rolled piece from being suspended in a rolling process. The technology comprises the following steps: a billet is cogged in a BD region to form a rail-shaped rolled piece; after the rail-shaped rolled piece is rolled out of a pilot hole of the BD region and before the rail-shaped rolled piece enters a universal region, the waist of the rail-shaped rolled piece is changed into a vertical state through the overturning of a turnover device; then, the rail-shaped rolled piece is conveyed into the universal region for intermediate rolling and fine rolling through a vertical universal mill and a vertical edging mill; in the rolling process of the universal region, the waist of the rail-shaped rolled piece is in the vertical state, the abdominal cavity of the rail-shaped rolled piece is rolled through a left vertical roller and a right vertical roller of the vertical universal mill, and the head of the rail-shaped rolled piece is supported by the left vertical roller and the right vertical roller of the vertical universal mill; and the rail-shaped rolled piece is conveyed into a rail printer for printing, and the rail-shaped rolled piece after printing is conveyed into a cooling bed for cooling. By adopting the technology, the final finished rail has the advantages that the head is fully filled, the abdominal cavity has better processing quality, and the working tread is better filled and has better symmetry.


The purpose of this study was the effects of 12weeks` pelvic floor exercise on functional fitness, lower isokinetic function and urinary incontinence for elderly prostate cancer patients. All the subjects were elderly males who were diagnosed with stage 2-3 prostate cancer. After prostatectomy, subjects were recruited randomly through urinary doctor recommendation and 30 people signed up. The subjects were divided into 2 groups which pelvic floor muscle exercise group (N=13) and control group(N=13) that only Kegal exercise in home. The methods were measured by the period of visit 1, 2, 3. Exercise program was consisted in pelvic floor muscle exercise with Swiss bal, which lasted 3 times a week, 40-50 minutes a day during 12 weeks. The primary outcome was urinary continence status for quality of life after the exercise intervention. and the secondary outcomes were functional fitness and lower isokinetic function in 3 periods. The result of after the 12-weeks exercise intervention, all functional fitness items included sit and reach, modified sit ups, 2 minutes knee ups except chair stand up in the exercise group were presented a significantly increase than in the control group in the period and time. The comparison of lower isokinetic muscle function test was showed a significantly increase than control group in the period and group. The 1 hour pad test was presented a significantly decrease ratio 69.2% into 5.9% after intervention in exercise group, decrease ratio 121.7% into 43.8% in the control group. The exercise group was recovered more promptly in 3 between 2 period.


This document on the cell content of cervical smears was prepared at the request of the Joint Co-ordinating Committee of the Medical Defence organizations in the UK. The Joint Co-ordinating Committee have made the following comments on the document: 'The Defence Organizations always encourage the production of well informed guidelines. However, i t is not within our remit to comment in detail on such documents but rather to state that provided they meet with the approval of the majority of the clinicians working within the specified field, the Defence Organizations would have little problem in defending a Member should litigation occur. 'The statement prepared by the BSCC quite plainly places the responsibility for submission of an adequate smear upon the doctor or nurse who takes it, though clearly the laboratory should reject smears which are thought to be quantitatively or qualitatively inadequate. Presence or absence ofendo-cervical cells in the smear as an absolute criterion of good sampling, is we believe, misguided and we would agree with the BSCC interpretation.' Cytopathology is publishing this document in the hope that it will be of value to its readers. Editors


Abstract The Glauconitic Sandstone, a well defined stratigraphic unit in the Mannville Group of Southern Alberta (Townships 1 to 45, Ranges 1 to 20W4), shows three distinct facies on the basis of gamma ray log signature and litho-logic sequences exhibited in cores and cuttings. Facies 1 is defined by a 'blocky' gamma ray pattern and a typical 'fining-upward' channel sequence, beginning with a crossbedded sandstone and ending in most cases with a thin coal seam. Facies 2 is a typical 'coarsening-upward', offshore bar sequence with characteristic gamma ray pattern. Environments indicated by sedimentary structures and trace fossils in the sequence, change from offshore at the base to foreshore at the top. Facies 3 shows a 'coarsening-upward/fining-upward' gamma ray pattern with minor indentations. Bioturbated mudstones at the base of the sequence coarsen upward to a zone of gravels, interbedded with fine sandstones; the latter containing possible hummocky cross-stratification. The sequence becomes finer again towards the top, leading to mudstone and coal. Sedimentation seems to have started below storm-wave base and ended up in a coastal swamp.


It has been established that the frequency nu OH of an isolated OH/sup -/ ion is 150-200 cm/sup -1/ less than the values figuring in the experimental literature. The exact value nu/sub O/ OH/sup -/ was obtained recently by the spectroscopic method and is 3555, 5932 cm/sup -1/. From the viewpoint of the authors of this survey, the mechanism of increasing the frequency nu OH in crystals of basic hydroxides consists of monotonic change in the hybridization of the orbitals of the oxygen atom (including the orbitals of unshared electron pairs) under the influence of the immediate environment and the electrostatic field of the crystal. The frequency nu OH is determined in the first place by the type of hybridization of the orbitals of the O atom and the degree of overlap of one of these orbitals with the 1s orbital of the H atom. It has been shown that the width of the bands of stretching OH vibrations is independent of the strength of the hydrogen bond. It has been demonstrated that the width of the nu OH band of the hydroxide association ...OH...OH... is determined by the time of its residence in a state with one of themore » alternative directions of the dipole moment« less


Blind image deblurring is the estimation of the blur kernel and the latent sharp image from a blurry image. This makes it a significant ill-posed problem with various investigations looking for adequate solutions. The recourse to image priors have been noticed in recent approaches to improve final results. One of the most interesting results are based on data priors. This has been the starting point to the proposed blind image deblurring system. In particular, this study explores the potential of the sparse representation widely known for its efficiency in several reconstruction tasks. In fact, we propose a sparse representation based iterative deblurring method that exploits sparse constraints of edge based image patches. This process includes the KSVD algorithm useful for the dictionary definition. Our main contributions are (1) the application of a shock filter as a pre-processing step followed by filter sub-bands applications for an effective contour detection, (2) the use of an online training data-sets with elementary patterns to describe edge-based information and (3) the recourse to an adaptative dictionary training. The experimental study illustrates promising results of the proposed deblurring method compared to the well-known state-of-the-art methods.