A concrete material model is presented. The model is based on non‐associated plasticity for the pre‐failure and ductile post‐failure regimes and fracture (smeared crack approach) for the brittle post‐failure regime. The implementation of the constitutive model in the 2‐D elements of a general purpose non‐linear incremental finite element code is discussed. Some important numerical features of the implementation are the implicit integration of the stress/strain relation and the use of an efficient symmetric stiffness formulation for the equilibrium iterations.


The key to breed new maize variety is breeding and utilization of good maize inbred lines and utilization of heterosis model.We crossed core maize inbred lines in Heilongjiang as female parent and integration good characters line abroad as male parent.By directed breeding the new maize variety with high yield,good quality,integration good characters,shelling percentage and green plant was derived.The success of breeding Longyu No.4 showed that improvement and utilization of core maize resources in Heilongjiang and maize abroad was the key to breakout of maize breeding in Heilongjiang province.


Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is defined as infection of human central nervous system caused by Taenia solium in its larval stage. The total of all people suffering from NCC, including symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, would be estimated somewhere between 2.56-8.30 million [1], based on the range of epilepsy prevalence data available, which is between 4-13/1000 for sub-Saharan Africa [2,3], and the contribution of NCC to epilepsy in approximately 30% of cases [4]. This is frequent in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, where it is considered as a poverty indicator and serious public health problem [5,6]. In 70-90% of patients with neurocysticercosis, the most common presentation is seizures; other manifestations are headache, hemiparesis, arachnoiditis and meningoencephalitis, depending on number, type, size, stage and location [7-10].


Aim: Canine babesiosis is an important vector-borne hemoparasitic disease caused by Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia gibsoni, in India. The communication places on record the salient findings of the study directed to detect and characterize the pathogenic B. gibsoni isolates of Kerala state. Materials and Methods:: A total of 150 dogs were examined for the presence of hemoparasites by light microscopy as well as by PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of B. gibsoni. Hematological parameters were also analysed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on Tamura kei model adopting ML method. Results:: A sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed with newly designed primer pair BAGI-F/BAGI-R for the amplification of 488 bp fragment of 18S rRNA gene of B. gibsoni. Out of the 150 dogs examined, molecular evidence of B. gibsoni was recorded in 47.3% animals, while light microscopy detected the infection in 26.67% cases. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. gibsoni, Kerala, isolate was closest and occurred together with Bareilly isolate. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were the significant hematological alterations in chronic B. gibsoni infection. Conclusion:: A high prevalence of natural infection of B. gibsoni was detected among the study population. The affected animals showed anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Phylogenetic analysis of this pathogenic isolate from south India revealed the closest similarity with Bareilly isolates.


The paper studies an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating item where the deterioration of the item is initiated at a random time point. It is assumed that no shortages are allowed and demand occurs uniformly but at different rates during pre- and post-deterioration periods. The optimum order quantity and reorder intervals are determined so as to minimise the total expected cost per unit length of an inventory cycle. Numerical examples are cited and a sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the effect of model parameters on the optimum policy.


We introduce a new prescription for quantising scalar field theories (in generic spacetime dimension and background) perturbatively around a true minimum of the full quantum effective action, which is to 'complete normal order' the bare action of interest. When the true vacuum of the theory is located at zero field value, the key property of this prescription is the automatic cancellation, to any finite order in perturbation theory, of all tadpole and, more generally, all 'cephalopod' Feynman diagrams. The latter are connected diagrams that can be disconnected into two pieces by cutting one internal vertex, with either one or both pieces free from external lines. In addition, this procedure of 'complete normal ordering' (which is an extension of the standard field theory definition of normal ordering) reduces by a substantial factor the number of Feynman diagrams to be calculated at any given loop order. We illustrate explicitly the complete normal ordering procedure and the cancellation of cephalopod diagrams in scalar field theories with non-derivative interactions, and by using a point splitting 'trick' we extend this result to theories with derivative interactions, such as those appearing as non-linear σ-models in the world-sheet formulation of string theory. We focus here on theories with trivial vacua, generalising the discussion to non-trivial vacua in a follow-up paper.


COVID-19 is known to cause an immunocompromised state. This condition was associated with reactivation of quiescent viruses.

 Describe a case of HHV-6 reactivation in a patient diagnosed with MIS-C syndrome.

 The diagnosis of MIS-C syndrome associated to SARS-CoV-2 was done by following the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The reactivation of HHV6 was confirmed by positivity of RT-PCR in blood and presence of IgG in serology.

 A four years old girl, with no medical history who presented to emergency room with high fever associated with conjunctival injection, cheilitis, cervical adenopathy and rash since four days. She developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure then a vasoplegic shock two days later. Thus, she was admitted in ICU. Clinical examination on admission showed polypnea, a low blood oxygen level, tachycardia, a low blood pressure (28/15mmhg), a hepatomegaly, a maculopapular rash in pelvic region and a bilateral eyelid swelling. Biology showed lymphopenia (660 109/l), hepatic cytolysis, low prothrombin test (19%), an acute renal failure, a biological inflammatory syndrome with an elevated C-reactive protein (274 mg/l), an elevated ferritin, increased d-dimers (1µg/ml) and fibrinogen level which suggest activation of the coagulation cascade with a prothrombotic state and elevated lactatemia (6.4 mmol/l). The chest X-ray was normal. She had a low ejection fraction (39%) showed on echocardiogram. A rapid SARS-CoV-2 test was negative but serology was positive. Since MIS-C syndrome was not known to give severe hepatitis, other diagnoses was proposed. RT-PCR in serum associated to RT-PCR in cutaneous lesion's biopsy was positive for HHV6. The hepatitis A serology was negative. She has an anterior immunity to varicella-zoster (VZV). She was intubated. She received vasoactive medications, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and steroids. Course was marked by hemolytic anaemia, which was associated to immunoglobulin (IVIG). Our patient become rapidly afebrile. Vital signs and laboratory parameters of inflammation, CRP, lymphopenia, markers of cardiac injury, transaminases and renal function parameters all normalized. On day 28 of hospital stay, she was discharged with full dose of steroids and low dose of aspirin.

 HHV6 reactivation needs a state of immunosuppression and was reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. It leads to fever, cutaneous eruption as well as more serious complication such as hepatitis, which is the case with our patient.

 No conflicts of interest.


A novel class of hybrid organic thermoelectric materials is demonstrated for the first time for constructing flexible thermoelectric devices on polyimide substrates with high output power by using nanotechnology instead of conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The hybrid organic thermoelectric materials are composed of nanoparticles of a polymer complex, carbon nanotubes, and poly(vinyl chloride), and show high performance (dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT ≈ 0.3, based on the thermal conductivity through the film).


Two versions of the legitimization-of-paltry-contributions technique (Cialdini & Schroeder, 1976) were compared with respect to their effectiveness in generating compliance with requests for charitable donations. When immediate, on-the-spot donations were requested, the technique significantly increased compliance rates relative to control conditions; but when the respondents were asked to mail in their contributions, virtually none did. The results offered some support for an image-maintenance explanation of the technique and were viewed as indicating that the effectiveness of the technique is reliable, but primarily under conditions that impose a high degree of situational constraint upon respondents. Implications of the results for door-to-door fundraising and for future research were discussed.


Purpose: This study examines whether former foster youth are more likely to stop out of a 4-year university than low-income, first-generation students who did not experience out-of-home care. Method: Data were from a stratified random sample of 803 students enrolled at a large, public 4-year university in the Midwest over a 10-year period, including 438 former wards of the court who were identified on the Federal Application for Student Aid and a comparison group of 365 low-income, first-generation college students who did not identify as court wards. We calculated a series of statistics, including univariate (i.e., means), bivariate (i.e., crosstabs), and multivariate (i.e., joint-scale accelerated failure time) analyses. Results: Findings indicate that foster youth are more likely to transfer to another college/university, stop out, experience stop outs earlier in their academic career, and are less likely to graduate than their low-income, first-generation peers. Foster youth also took longer to graduate than the comparison group. Conclusion: Although federal policies have increased college access for foster care youth, increasing college access does not always lead to degree attainment. Our findings underscore the need to amend financial aid and related policies to better align with the needs of former foster youth.


The results of acoustic investigations of nematic phases in two compounds (methoxybenzilidene-butylaniline and butoxybenzilidene-butylaniline) placed in the rotating magnetic field of induction 0.295 T under varying P, T ― parameters are presented. It is shown that the results of hydrodynamic and swarm theory can be used to describe the variation of the sound attenuation with time. Thermal and pressure dependence of the ratio of the twist viscosity coefficient to the diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropy is established. The analysis of this dependence is carried out within the framework of existing microscopic theory Etude experimentale en presence d'un champ magnetique tournant (0,295 T). Emploi de la theorie hydrodynamique et de la theorie des essaims pour decrire les variations temporelles de l'attenuation ultrasonore. Determination de la variation du rapport coefficient de viscosite de torsion/anisotropie de susceptibilite diamagnetique avec la pression et la temperature pour methoxybenzylidene-butylaniline et butoxybenzylidene-butylaniline


Worldwide, innumerable supermarket refrigeration systems exist, which show significant differences with respect to their construction, working fluids and most of all their efficiency. Because of the relatively high leakage rates, supermarkets do not only contribute to the indirect, but also, to a high percentage, to the direct GWP. In many supermarkets, primary energy is consumed for heating/ air conditioning and cooling at the same time. The final aim of the present work is to design a concept for a coupled efficient refrigeration, heating and air conditioning system, thus reducing the overall energy consumption. Therefore, different interconnections and control systems will be investigated compared with regard to the influence on the total energy consumption of the entire supermarket. The task is part of the research project CREATIV and is to be realized within the next three years. CREATIV has had a particular focus on deliveries related to supermarket refrigeration. The natural working fluid CO2 (R744) will be used for the refrigeration cycle investigated in the project. The refrigeration plant is a two-stage cycle, which is applied to cool the LT and MT display cabinets. To achieve an optimal overall COP, the surplus heat provided by the refrigeration cycle will be recovered, if required, for indoor heating. To fit the overall plant to different operating conditions and to keep the interior temperature fluctuations as low as possible, a central control unit will be developed. To validate the system and to compare the different approaches in the case of fast changing conditions, a dynamic model will be developed and tested. For the description of refrigeration cycles, the programming language modelica has proved value. At the Institute of Thermodynamics and the company TLK-Thermo GmbH, the model library TIL was especially developed for thermodynamic systems, which is continuously enhancing and is retrofitted by the library for data of chemical media TILMedia Suite. Extending from that, models for the different approaches will be evaluated and optimized regarding the efficiency at different conditions. For the modulation of the models, a set of measured values are available. The influence of different ambient conditions will be investigated to fit the operating parameters.


The appearance based facial tracking methods, such as active appearance models and candide models, are widely used in intelligent user interface and facial expression recognition. This paper proposes a novel method to detect and correct the failures in appearance based facial tracking. A sparse coding strategy is applied to learn an efficient feature representation for the difference between the warped image and the face template. The features are extracted by directly project the difference image to the space spanned by the dictionary of the parse coding. An iterative regression based method is proposed to detect and correct the failures according to the features. Experimental evaluation on an open dataset shows a global performance improvement of the tracking algorithm.


In this paper, we first derive a family of iterative schemes with fourth order. A weight function is used to maintain its optimality. Then, we transform it into methods with several self-accelerating parameters to reach the highest possible convergence rate 8. For this aim, we employ the property of the eigenvalues of the matrices and the technique with memory. Solving several nonlinear test equations shows that the proposed variants have a computational efficiency index of two (maximum amount possible) in practice.


During April-September 1994, a team from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a study of the blood banks of five public hospitals in western Kenya (New Nyanza, Kisumul, Homa Bay, Siaya Hospital, and Kenyatta National). They analyzed 1835 blood samples and found that 114 (6%) tested HIV positive. The Kenyan laboratories had not detected 86 of these samples as HIV positive. 28 of these undetected HIV-positive blood samples (25%) had been transfused to patients. The CDC team, like the Kenyan labs, used the ELISA technique but the CDC team used more advanced test methods to confirm the results. Kenya's Health Minister and other government officials deny that contaminated blood poses a major problem in Kenya. A CDC official reports that Kenya is not the only African country with contaminated blood. About 10% of the donated blood is contaminated with HIV, hepatitis B, and other contaminants. Lack of financial resources lies at the root of the problem. Health authorities cannot buy adequate supplies of testing equipment. Poor storage facilities cause the deterioration of peripheral equipment, which creates conditions for false HIV test results. The CDC official claims that Kenya has an unusually high number of unnecessary blood transfusions, which reduce the blood supply and put recipients of the blood transfusion at risk of HIV infection. In one Kenyan hospital, 44 of 121 blood donations were not screened at all. 10 (23%) contained HIV. An improved system for procurement and distribution of test kits, adherence by blood bank staff to universal screening techniques, and improved laboratory techniques would address the problem.


Chemical castration by a single intratesticular injection of lactic acid, which is used for cattle, was studied in rats and dogs. The injection caused necrosis of the testicular tissue in both species. Lesions in the testes were observed as early as 24 h after the injection. Plasma testosterone levels declined rapidly after treatment and remained low thereafter. The results showed that a long-lasting and probably irreversible suppression of spermatogenesis can be brought about easily and immediately by an injection of lactic acid into the testes, and that the procedure could be used for the castration of dogs.


The dynamics of calcium (Ca) metabolism in NB are poorly defined although disorders are often encountered. We studied Ca dynamics in NB to improve our understanding of calcium physiology and provide a rational basis for therapy. An injection of radioactive Ca-47 was given to two NB monkeys and Ca-45 administered with each feeding; specific activities were determined in plasma, feces, and urine. Risks of radioisotopes led us to the analogous use of stable Ca-46 and Ca-48 in two low birth weight infants; these were measured by mass spectrometry. Analysis by computer modeling gave the following results in mg/kg/hr.The observed similarities between NB monkeys and humans in their calcium metabolism suggests this laboratory animal is an appropriate model. The exchangeable calcium turnover rate in NB is 14 times the adult rate, and bone calcium dynamics are likewise accelerated. Endogenous fecal Ca loss is also markedly increased in NB despite similarities to the adult in % absorption and urinary excretion. These studies demonstrate the value, safety, and potential of stable isotopes in defining Ca metabolism and disclosing related abnormalities in human infants. We are currently analyzing similar data from infants with short-gut syndrome and isolated dermal ossification.


Let θ be an algebraic number of degree n, with conjugates θ(1), …, θ(n), where θ(1), …, θ(r) are real and θ(r+j), θ(r+s+j) are complex conjugates for j = 1, …, s. [Here r ≥ 0, s ≥ 0, r + 2s = n.] Let ω1, …, ωn be a basis for the integers of k(θ), and set


The essay aims to describe the measures under the public universities regarding the everyday teaching practice having as reference the unifying factors of entrepreneurship, especially in the Administration Course. It is not today that the teaching-learning relationship in the gym has been guided by processes built under the atmosphere of entrepreneurship, analyzed in several aspects: creation, innovation, revolution, recontextualization, proactivity, commitment, dedication, motivation and risks. The concept of entrepreneurship education here has applied teleological character, as an intentional act, aimed at the use of active methodologies, innovative and transformative practices in teaching Administration. Therefore, the educational entrepreneurship becomes a methodological and ontological process that allows a variety of teaching practices to the teacher, without giving up the reflective pedagogy necessary for the formation of the future administrator. Under this sign, we have called for this work that you can perform didactic and pedagogical procedures guided by the composite elements designating the entrepreneurial action, even considering the implications and ambiguities in the university environment, where normally ideological and corporatist vectors tend to block the prerogatives teachers spontaneously decide to promote inclusive education, revisited and able to reposition Higher Education at higher levels. Authors such as Hoy and Miskel (2015), Hengemuhle (2014) and Hartman (2015) support the purposes of the work.


. Native and nonnative plant species can exhibit differences in the timing of their reproductive phenology and their phenological sensitivity to climate. These contrasts may in fl uence species ' interactions and the invasion potential of nonnative species; however, a limited number of phenology studies expressly consider phenological mismatches among native and nonnative species over broad spatial or temporal scales. To fi ll this knowledge gap, we used two complementary approaches: First, we quanti fi ed the fl owering phenology of native and nonnative plants at fi ve old- fi eld sites across a spatially extensive range of eastern North America. Second, we used herbarium records to compare the sensitivity of fl owering and fruiting phenology to climate across a 114-yr time period in a subset of common old- fi eld species in southwestern Pennsylvania. Across the study region, nonnatives reproduced substantially earlier in the growing season than natives, suggesting that nonnatives occupy a unique phenological niche (0.55 months earlier fl owering across the North American study sites; 50.1 d earlier fl owering and 17.5 d earlier fruiting in southwestern Pennsylvania). Both natives and nonnatives advanced their reproductive phenology between 1900 and 2014 but exhibited contrasting phenological sensitivity to climate factors. During the fl owering stage of phenology, nonnatives were more sensitive to changes in precipitation than natives and generally delayed fl owering in wetter years. Nonnative plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the month preceding fruiting was warmer, while native plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the three-month period preceding fruiting was warmer. Our fi ndings suggest that nonnative old- fi eld species occupy an earlier phenological niche relative to native species, which may facilitate their invasion into old- fi eld communities. However, given the different sensitivities of native and nonnative plants to climate factors, present-day patterns of phenology are likely to shift with future climate changes, potentially leading to novel species interactions that may in fl uence the outcomes of invasion.


The simulation of water quality for gate-controlled river net under influence of tides is an important issue for water environment management in estuarine regions.The river net water quality model consists of two parts,i.e.the modules for hydrodynamic calculation and water quality calculation.In this paper,a hydrodynamic calculation module with the runoff generation and confluence processes taken into account was developed based on the channel method,which could simulate complicated gate operation procedures.Meanwhile,a water quality calculation module was also developed based on the water quality model WASP6 by EPA,in which the main water quality indexes,such as CODCr,NH3-N,BOD5,and DO,the point sources and the non-point sources were taken into account.With the water quality coupling model,the water quality and water quantities could be calculated simultaneously.The model was verified by the measured data of the river nets of Qingpu and Songjiang Districts of Shanghai City.The calculation errors of CODCr and NH3-N of the model were in the ranges of-25%—18% and-14%—20%,respectively.The calculation accuracy of the model meets the requirement of practical projects.Therefore,the coupling model can be used for simulation of water quality for river nets under influence of tides.


The main aim of this dissertation was to build a low cost inverted pendulum with parts of matricial printers, for the study of control systems. After that, a linear mathematical modeling of this systems was obtained. Then, based on experiments at the laboratory, incluing the frequency response, the transfer functions of the inverted pendulumwere obtained. Considering ther transfer functions and supposing that the state vector is available, a controller was designed based on the pole placement control design method. The designed controller was implemented in a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), using the software SCADA. This study can be useful in didatic applications, because the proposed procedure presents low cost and uses device (PLC) and software (SCADA) broadly used in industries.


The aim of this study is to examine some prosodic features of a variety of L2 French commonly called "français fédéral", which is a variety of French spoken by people who have a Swiss German dialect as L1. We compared the data of 4 groups of 4 speakers: 2 groups of French native speakers (from Neuchâtel in Switzerland and from Paris) and 2 groups of 4 Swiss German French speakers (from Bern and Zurich but living in Neuchâtel for at least 20 years). The data were semi-automatically processed. We examined two prosodic properties: articulation rate and accentuation. Our findings suggest that: (i) native speakers from Paris articulate faster than native speakers from Neuchâtel; (ii) non-native speakers articulate as fast as the native speakers of the corresponding variety; (iii) "français fédéral" shares several features with a lexical accentuation system rather than with a supra-lexical accentuation system.


The Always On/Dynamic ISDN (AO/DI) system adaptively switches between packet switching and circuit switching in response to the traffic volume. In this paper, we propose a wireless AO/DI system based on the Personal Handyphone System (PHS), present an overview of this system, and perform an evaluation by a computer simulation of the channel occupation ratio and the call loss ratio of the system. The traffic model assumes an application such as WWW or electronic mail, and the performance is evaluated. The results show the effectiveness of the wireless AO/DI technology as the subscriber capacity of the entire system increases. Furthermore, the middleware for the wireless AO/DI and the terminal adapter for the wireless AO/DI are tested. The performance evaluation results of actual equipment are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(5): 10–19, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20175


Fluctuating blood glucose levels affect future discounting. Science 21 , 183–188. Abstract: Purpose – The article is a presentation of the author's opinion on a new perspective on the process of enterprise prices. Design/methodology/approach – For the purposes of this study, a literature study and analysis of legal acts were carried out. Findings – Taking into account the main demands of the representatives of the Austrian School of Econom- ics it was established that there is a justified possibility to apply in practice the valuation of the subjectivist category of values. An example may be valuation for the purposes of winding-up proceedings as set forth in article No. 56 bankruptcy law act. Originality/value – The study is the first known authors attempting to combine the subjectivist conception of value and the commonly accepted practice in valuing companies in Anglo-Saxon schools.


Objectives: To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on sublingual microcirculation in patients after cardiac surgery. Design: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Adult patients undergoing elective valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Interventions: On arrival in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients were assigned randomly to receive either dexmedetomidine (0.2-1.5 μg/kg/h) or propofol (5-50 μg/kg/min) with open-label titration to a target Richmond AgitationSedation Scale of 0 to –3. Measurements and Main Results: Sublingual microcirculation was recorded using sidestream dark-field imaging at ICU admission (baseline [T1]) and 4 hours (T2) and 24 hours after ICU admission (T3). At T2, median changes in perfused smallvessel density and the De Backer score from baseline were significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine group (n 1⁄4 29) than in the propofol group (n 1⁄4 32) (1.3 v 0 mm/mm, p 1⁄4


Engineering education refers to developing an understanding of the principles, methods, and ways of thinking that underlie engineering, and preparing students and engineers for productive engineering careers. The purpose of this review is to explore how head‐mounted display‐based virtual reality (HMD VR) can contribute to these goals. Historically, engineering has not been a focus for VR in education. However, recent technical advances and decreasing prices are driving a growing public interest in applying HMD VR in this field. This article reviews 47 publications on this topic, primarily appearing from 2015 to May of 2020. The literature reveals that engineering researchers and instructors have broadly explored the potential of HMD VR in organized engineering instruction and training. However, rigorous evaluation appears to be somewhat lacking in the reviewed research, and most studies are conducted in a small‐scale laboratory setting. Nonetheless, HMD VR seems to be able to motivate students to learn and it is perceived to be useful in engineering education. Researchers are recommended to explore the methods of using HMD VR to facilitate lifelong learning, especially for the retraining and re‐employment of engineers who seek to change careers or collaborate with researchers in different disciplines. Engineering instructors may benefit from professional development that focuses on student‐centered pedagogies and skills attuned to the latest HMD VR systems.


To built new style Capital market through trust and innovation of financial instruments completely, To charge model of financing ,i.e changing from traditional model of financing to new-style model of financing , to enlarge financing channel, increasing financing scale, to raise countermeasures for resolving bottleneck of industrialization progress of Jilin province


The magnetic and transport investigations were carried out for oxygen-deficit La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3-δ films (δ ≃0.1) with different thicknesses d. The X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron-microscopy data showed that growth in the film thickness leads to a structural transition from the lattice-strained cubic (the out-of-plane lattice parameter c ≃0.379 nm) to the relaxed rhombohedral phase (c ≃0.395 nm). The evidence for the charge-ordered insulating (COI) state was observed for the compressed cubic phase which is formed in the thin (d ≃30 nm) film owing to the epitaxial growth. An applied magnetic field (5T) melts the COI state and leads to the transition to the ferromagnetic metal-like state. The magnetic data showed that the Curie point is shifted from 100 K for the rhombohedral phase to 230 K for the cubic one. It was claimed that the formation of COI state and the shift in Curie point are governed by the compression of crystal lattice rather than the accumulation of oxygen vacancies.


In this paper, we report the study of adsorption and dissociation of oxygen on a
polycrystalline Ag surface by means of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in
a Ultra-high vacuum. From the experimental results, we find that the nonlinear
surface currents is affected by adsorption of oxygen, and this is reflected on tne change
of parameters a and b. A simple model is used to fit the experimental results and is
in good areement with the experiment.


: Non-precious metal single-atom catalysts (NPM-SACs) with unique electronic structures and coordination environments have gained much attention in electrocatalysis owing to their low cost, high atomic utilization, and high performance. NPM-SACs on carbon support (NPM-SACs/CS) are promising because of the carbon substrate with a large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity


In the 1930s, there were advertisements run in JAMA with testimonials from MDs saying that smoking cigarettes did not harm your lungs. It took many years of increasing lung cancer incidence to convince people that this was not a true statement. The current situation with serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease is very similar in concept, though this time doctors are widely convinced that the former causes the latter, despite a glaring lack of scientific evidence. There have been no studies that prove dietary cholesterol levels directly cause atherosclerosis. There are many correlation studies that may suggest an association but none that show cause and effect. In fact, if analyzed carefully, there are more studies that disprove the "cause and effect" hypothesis than even come close to proving it. One basic tenant of biostatistics and epidemiologic research is that you can never prove a hypothesis you can only fail to disprove it. Experimental design has three essential components: 1) Estimate of error, 2) Control of error and 3) Proper interpretation of results [1]. Correlation studies indicate a possible relationship between two factors, i.e, blood cholesterol and CVD, but they do not prove cause and effect. Correlations are often observed in epidemiological studies, but carefully designed studies with sufficient control of confounding factors and avoidance of other potential bias needs to be conducted to demonstrate cause and effect. In these cases, small differences in the design of the study can cause different outcomes. Most of the studies in animal models are not a good model to compare the same systems as in humans. They may give hints,


approved: Benno P. Warkentin Dry land agriculture using summer fallow is a common crop production practice in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Oregon. Farmed-over level terraces are used to control surface water runoff and soil erosion. More than 70 percent of the average annual precipitation around Pendleton, Oregon (350 400 mm) falls as low intensity, long duration rainfall from September to March. Wetter soil zones typically occur above and below the terrace. These areas have a higher potential for crop production as well as for movement of chemicals to ground water and to surface water where seepage occurs. The extra nitrogen or water that could accumulate in these areas needs to be considered in managing these areas. The first objective of this study was to measure the distribution of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and water in relation to farmed-over level terraces, and infer potential solute flow patterns from changes in the measured distributions over time. The second objective was to make recommendations regarding management practices required for specific field locations to maximize crop production and minimize negative impacts on groundwater quality. Redacted for Privacy Results indicate NO3 concentrations following harvest were < 4 mg kg -1 of soil. Equivalent to soil solution concentrations between 27 and 20 mg L-1 at 15 and 20 percent volumetric water content, respectively. Limited deep percolation of NO3 occurred below the root zone between harvest and planting. The NO3 concentrations below the root zone were < 1 to 15 mg kg -1 following the summer fallow period. In August 1993, evidence exists that shows N applied fertilizer moved out of the surface 0.3 m and deeper into the profile. The redistribution of NO3 in the terrace channels of transects 1 and 2 strongly support this. Soil profiles that contain high residual concentrations of NO3-N during the fallow period increase the potential for NO3-N leaching below the root zone. Unusually heavy precipitation during normally dry periods or above normal winter precipitation increases the potential for NO3-N leaching below the


An illogical and cruel legal fiction has taken hold in the sexual harassment jurisprudence: Title IX, the statute specifically designed to prohibit harassment based upon sex, does not apply to harassment based upon sexual orientation. Although harassment based upon failure to fulfill gender stereotypes is considered discrimination based on sex, harassment based on sexual attraction to members of one's own sex is not discrimination based on sex. If you wonder how sexual attraction is not sex but effeminate characteristics are sex, you are not alone. This article critiques the legal fiction that leaves gays without protection from harassment that, if directed at a heterosexual, would clearly be prohibited under Title IX.


Ethylene-octene copolymer(POE) was melt blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) at different composition ratios of POE/EVA.The blends were then melt mixed with foaming agent azodicarbonamide(AC),cross-linking agent dicumyl peroxide(DCP),and talcum powder to prepare foamed materials.The morphology of the foamed materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.The physical properties of the foamed materials were tested.The effects of the composition ratio of POE/EVA,and the amount of AC,DCP and talcum powder on the properties of the foamed POE/EVA materials were investigated.The formulation for a highly elastic EVA/POE foamed material was optimized.


1 MSc. Computer Science Mithibai College Mumbai, India 2 Guide Mithibai College Mumbai, India firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT— In today's world, Crime is growing at an exponential rate and it is an anti-social and evil element in the society which needs to be dealt with. Crime analysis is one of the most important activities in crime solving. The process of crime analysis is becoming more difficult due to the increasing amount of crimes. Therefore to make the process of crime analysis easier the use of Data Mining is proposed. Data Mining allows to scan through and analyze large amounts of data in less time and provide important results for the same. The paper first reviews literature on various data mining applications related to the field of crime prediction, detection and analysis. The paper then proposes a model which is used to classify crimes based on their level of seriousness and will provide visualization for the same for easier understanding and analysis by the crime experts. The model will also provide functionality for analyzing psychology of murders using clustering. Key words— Crime Analysis, Data Mining, Classification, Classification Rules, Clustering.


Objective To assess the therapeutic effects of krypton yellow laser for diabetic macular edema. Methods A total of 107 eyes of 65 patients with diabetic macular edema were grouped into focal macular edema, diffuse macular edema and cystoid macular edema and treated by krypton yellow laser. Results The vision of 24 eyes improved two lines or better ,unchanged in 65 eyes. After photocoagulations, 17 eyes of focal macular edema, 16 eyes in diffuse macular edema, and 1 eye in cystoid edema were absorbed totally. Conclusions Krypton yellow laser for diabetic macular edema may be a safe and effective method to treat diabetic macular edema.


In order to further study the material constitutive model and provide a reference for the study of cons-titutive model of geotechnical engineering,based on the assumption that the material plastical yield in Mohr is caused by excess shear stress,the plastic yield criterion and flow rule in three-dimensional stress state was deduced,and the three-dimensional consititutive model was obtained.Using the interface of secondary development in FLAC3D,the deduced model was written into a file of dynamic link library file through Visual Studio 2008 and was imported into FLAC3D.A numerical example was provided for comparison with the classical Mohr Coulomb model.The results show that the generalized Mohr-Coulomb model derived does generate plastic yield in three-dimension oblique section before classical Mohr-Coulomb model.That means shear stress exceeds the yield limit strength on the three-dimensional oblique section.This article can be provided a reference for the research of secondary development in FLAC3D.


BARTLEY, W. Va., J an. 12 (AP) I -Hope was abandoned tonight for the entombed men In the blastlWept Bartley No.1 mine and company officials put the death toll at '2, the worst mine disaster In the uUon since 1928. Raymond E. Salvati, vice president of the Pond Creek Pocahontas coal corporation who had rescue crews day and nigh t In their efforts to reach the trapped men, IBsued thlI statement: I "We have penetrated far enough to Justify our thoughts that there was no possibility that the men barricaded themselves (against explollon gases ). They are all dead. They would be dead even If they had barricaded themselves. There \.! lnaufflclent atr." 27 Mangled Bodies The rescue squads found 27 mangled bodies In the wrecked corridors 600 feet underground, leavIng 65 still missing. Only three bodIes had been Identl!ied but relatives 01 the trapped men sadly started pl'Iparations to bury their kin. The company at first had fixed the total of trapped men at 91 but t recount of work records showed 92 were caught when the blast ripped through the mine Wednesday. Forty-seven others escaped unharmed. Not since 195 were killed in the Mather, Pa., mlneexplosion ot 1928 has the death toll in a mine diJaater been higher. The all·tlme record IB 361 kl11ed In the Monongah, W. Va. explosion of 1907. To Distribute Pay (Jheck!! Governor Homer A. Holt and representatives of the workmen'S compensation office came here to aid In the settlement of compensation claims and the company announced the victims' pay checks-due tomorrowwould be distributed to the families. Until 4, a. m. today the company had held hopes of finding 50 or 60 ot the miners alive, but the crews ~roke through then to the center of the blast area and found five bo~lIe8. 'That meant, crew leaders laid, that all In the area probably had been killed Instantly. Salvati said 41 ot the men apparenUy had been trapped far back In the "main 6" heading, a tunnel leadIng horizontally from the heading; and two close to the shaft. The cause of the explosion ha. not been determined.


Objective: To analyze the reasons for bleeding after menopause and its diagnosis method Methods:190 patients with bleeding after menopause were gi ven clinical pathological analysis Results:76 cases (40 0%) were massive haemorrhage caused by benign diseases,16 (8 4%) caused by malignant tumor,98 cases (51 6%) caused by non-organic pathological changes Conclusion:Patients with bleeding after menopause were mai nly benign disease and non-organic pathological changes The routine gynecologi c al and essential accessory check-up should be paid attention to determine patho genesis Examine shave is an important method to diagnose the endometrial diseas e Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce occurrence of malignant tumors


This work aims to analyze deaf university student's profile, which studied in Curitiba/Brazil during the year 2012. A semi open questionnaire was applied to 18 deaf higher education students, ageing between 19 and 43 years old, all of them study in universities located in Curitiba/ Brazil. All of them answered this questionnaire individually in Portuguese written language. Results demonstrate that most of these deaf students were men and they were coursing administration. Most of them get into the university through an exam called vestibular and all of them have an interpreter at this education level university. The majority also presents written language difficulties. This study demonstrates that most deaf students included at college have some difficulties at this education level, specially related with Portuguese written language use. Its important that this language is developed at the initial education levels more effectively, so these students could get at the university in a fair and equitable way.


Chickpea grains were roasted by traditional sand roasting (180, 200 and 220ºC) and microwave roasting (450 W, 600 W and 900 W) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The effects of roasting method and their parameters on physico-mechanical and roasting characteristics were determined. Roasting led to an increase in size, sphericity, angle of repose, porosity and puffing index of chickpea. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in fracture force and coefficient of friction was observed. True density decreased with roasting and the lowest value of 787.87 kg.m-3 was observed on sand roasting at 180°C for 15 min. The highest value of puffing index (179.87 %) and length/width ratio (155.04 %) was observed for sand roasting at 220ºC for 15 min and 5 min, respectively. The force required for rupture of chickpea reduced with roasting, and the lowest value (32.28 N) was observed during sand roasting at 220ºC for 10 min. The optimum roasting condition identified for sand and microwave roasting to obtain higher puffing index, lower hardness and rupture energy was observed to be 220 ºC for 10 min and 600 W for 15 min, respectively.


Acoustics play an increasingly important role in current debates in the domain of the cultural studies. Up to now, it have been the sounds themselves that have attracted most attention rather than their aural perception. Taking Alfred Doblin's Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929) as an example, this paper examines the explicit verbalisation of hearing that is captured in German by the verbs >horen horchen lauschen hearing hearing inner inner outer< world that corresponds with action and, especially at the end of novel, with collectivisation and war.


A method is presented to obtain maps between the high-dimensional data and the low-dimensional space deduced by locally linear embedding (LLE). Since LLE does not provide a parametric function that build maps between the image space and the low-dimensional manifold. In this paper, multivariate linear regression is applied to deduce the maps. It can successfully project a new data point onto the embedded space. Also it can be extended to supervised LLE. The performance analysis on the obtained experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is effective and efficient.


In this paper we deal with the relationship between external donors and village organizations (VOs) in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. We utilize a large dataset of village organizations in rural areas of Senegal and Burkina Faso. We argue that the kind of relationship established with northern donors may have effects on the governance mechanisms of the village organization. We investigate to what extent differences in the foundation of the VO and of the partnership with the external donor can partially explain outcomes and membership structures of the VO itself. Our results go in the direction of possible diverging effects of a donor intervention in the village organization, according to the degree of proactivity and initiative that the VO displays.


The key of open education managerial pattern is to aim at the ultimate goal of open education, construct the support and carrier for the regular operation of open education and improvement of teaching quality. The structural form should conform to the conception and connotation of open education.


The J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) [1] uses broadband magnetic alloy loaded cavities to create the acceleration voltages needed for rapid cycling at 25 Hz rate. Besides the desired second harmonic of the acceleration frequency, which is employed in the painting process of RCS injection, also unwanted harmonics can be found at the acceleration gaps of the cavities. Here, the effect of the vector sums of undesired harmonics during the acceleration process is estimated.


The 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (2HMN) is a powerful antibacterial and antiparasitic drug used alongside other drugs against Helicobacter pylori infection and was investigated the effects of substituents: –OH (A), H (B), –SPh (C), –COOH (D), –NO2 (E) and –OCH3 (F) on the interactions of 2HMN with the target nitroreductase Rdxa protein for the treatment of the infection. Spartan 14 (optimization), PyMOL 184.108.40.206 (to treat downloaded protein), Autodock Tool (locate protein binding site), Autodock vina 1.1.2 (docking calculation) were used to discover the nonbonding interaction between docked complexes using SWISSADME and Pre-ADMET software. The band gaps order for the studied compounds were C < A < F < B < D < E, a probability of highest charge distribution and activity for SPh substituted derivatives and the ligands conformed to the Lipinski's rule of five. Compounds D and E are noninhibitors and nonsubstrate for cytochrome P450 2C9, P450 2D6, P450 2C19 with the same efficient calculated binding affinity (–21.3 kJ mol–1) and inhibition constant (7.8) comparable to the standard compound A.


The invention belongs to the field of smokeless tobacco, and particularly relates to a smokeless tobacco product with a jasmine tea scent. Tobacco materials and jasmine tea are used as main materials of the smokeless tobacco product, the smokeless tobacco product comprises the following components, by weight, 10-40% of the jasmine tea, 1-4% of mucosa protective agents, 1-8% corrigent, 1-5% of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate, 1-10% of sweetening agents, 0.5-10% flavor agents, 0.01-1% of antioxidants, 0.01-1% of preservatives, with the balance being the tobacco materials, and the water content of the product is 10-55%. The smokeless tobacco product with the jasmine tea scent improves the mouth comfortableness of smokeless tobacco products, can improve the sensory richness of the smokeless tobacco products, has the pure and strong jasmine flavor and the slight tobacco flavor, and is mild and comfort in taste, moderate in strength and stimulation to the mouth and the laryngeal, and suitable for the consuming demands of domestic consumers.


The Penalara Natural Park stretches the highest area of the Guadarrama Mountains: the Penalara Massif (Region of Madrid). In this paper, the recent history of land use of this mountainous location is summarized. For more than a century now, and due to the fact of its proximity to the big conurbation of Madrid, this history has always been associated with lobbying for its conservation or its tourist development. After its declaration of Natural Park, in 1990, and the expropriation of Los Cotos property, the basis for undertaking the ecological and landscape restoration of this natural area were established. The paper focuses on those initiatives carried out for the dismantling and restoration of the Valcotos ski resort and runs. The restoration of the Penalara lake, an emblematic site within the Guadarrama Mountains ‐which showed a high level of environmental degradation when the declaration of the Natural Park took place‐, is also described.


Objective To investigate the stutus of equipment self-designed related to standard precautions in hospital.Method This study involved 300 divisions of 22 hospitals by stratified random sampling.The questionnaire was designed according to the standard precautions suggested by CDC of America.Results The equipments of hand washing were of great shortage.Only 55.00% of doctor offices and 44.67% of nurse stations were equipped.Other protective equipments were also insufficient.Only 22.33% divisions had goggles and water-proofing aprons.The reporting systems of occupational exposure were not perfect.Only 27.67% divisions had the report system of needle-injuries.Conclusions Standard precaution equipments shoule to be perfected so as to improve compliance of standard precaution in hospital.


This paper ([1][1]), and those that followed by this group over the next several years, has had a significant impact on the field of immunology. This first paper in the series is remarkable in its own right, and you will no doubt enjoy reading it. My goal in this brief introduction is to set the


With the proliferation of EIP services in New Zealand (NZ) a concerted effort has been made to establish national guidelines for their evaluation. A review of the available literature and consultation with a range of providers led to the identification of the core elements of EI services in the NZ context. Further consultation lead to the development of a minimum number of outcome measures that have been recommended for use in NZ EI services. During the development of these guidelines a critical aspect to be considered was the need for cultural issues to be considered in treatment, and evaluation, for Maori and Pacific Peoples. A brief summary of current research in EI in NZ will be presented, followed by the identified core elements of service and the proposed routine outcome assessment strategy that may practically be used by NZ services.


Seawater is the main cooling medium in the petrochemical plant. Failure of the seawater piping systems could lead to total shutdown of the plant. The main piping system in the plant consists of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP), cement mortar--lined carbon steel, fiberglass and nickel-copper alloy N04400/ASTM B165 pipe. After more than fifteen years of experience with these materials, evaluation was made to select the most durable material for replacement projects and new construction. This paper discusses the problems associated with each material, repair procedure and materials selection decisions for the long-term operation of the plant.


The present invention provides a cutting tool coated with a hard coating, which is capable of obtaining good finished surface finishing improve the machinability, and excellent in practicality. One coating hard film on the tool body (7) (4) made of hard film-coated cutting tool, the tool body (7) in the flank (1) the rake face (2 intersection ridgeline portion between) is formed with a cutting edge (3), in the range from 0.3 times or less in the axial direction from the tool tip of the tool diameter, the cutting edge (3) of the vertical section, provided on the the film thickness of the flank (1) of the hard film side (4) of h1, and let the cutting edge (3) thickness of the hard coating (4) close to the front flank face (2) side is when h2, 8μm≤h1≤30μm and 0≤h2 / h1≤0.5.


The electrical conductivity of the additively colored potassium halides has been investigated as a function of color density and temperature. These studies show that the crystals have a conductivity lower than that of the pure crystals for temperatures outside the intrinsic range. The experimental thermal dissociation energy of an F center is compared with the theoretical values.


The slopes of the lines relating probit mortality to the log.-dose of DDT are generally lower for resistant than for susceptible strains of houseflies. Two effects that could each account for this are discussed. The first concerns the relation of the amount of DDT absorbed to the dose; the conditions under which it would occur are stated, and published data on the absorption are analysed. The second concerns the variability from fly to fly of the amount of DDT exerting a toxic effect at the primary site of action, a variability that would seem to be brought about, or greatly intensified, by the enzymatic detoxification of DDT in resistant flies. Both mechanisms may occur, reinforcing one another.


In this study, the leaching process of a lead-bearing ore, consisting mainly of cerussite, in an ammonium citrate tribasic medium was investigated. The parameters including temperature, reagent concentration, particle size, and stirring speed were examined. During leaching process, the lead conversion rate increased with an increase in reagent concentration, reaction temperature, and stirring speed, and a decrease in particle size. The results show that about 95% of lead content was extracted from the samples with particle size range of +75-96 μm after 21 min leaching in 1.25 mol/L ammonium citrate tribasic solution at 800 r/min and 40°C. It was found that the leaching reaction followed the shrinking core model. The results indicated that ammonium citrate tribasic could be used as an effective leaching reagent for extracting lead from lead oxide ore.


Catholic Social Teaching theory is examined to identify business variables consistent with Papal Encyclicals. We identified top compensation (pay disparity), stock options (employee autonomy), and number of employees (primacy of labor over capital) as factors that are consistent with Catholic Social Teaching. We then used the "CSR Hub" environmental scores of manufacturing firms. We chose to look at manufacturing companies because of their potential for environmental impact. We find that firms that are consistent with Catholic Social Teaching have stronger environmental practices. Specifically, our research suggests that the greater the investment in labor, measured by cost of goods sold per employee, and the smaller a firm's top compensation, the more a firm participates in environmentally sustainable practices. Although stock options are congruent with Catholic Social Teaching, they were determined to not be a relevant factor when measuring a firm's environmental sustainability. Accordingly, our results indicate that stock options are not an accurate measure of employee autonomy.  Although we do not assert that firms are acting the way they are because of Catholic Social Teaching, our results verify that their actions are consistent with the theory. This research is important in academics in both business and philosophy. The research is important in business academia as professors are teaching about the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility, and how that can positively affect the environment. This research can be beneficial to policy makers as it can help in identifying firms in a better environmental position and factors that are correlated to better environmental practices. Policy makers can consider these factors when incentivizing firms to practice environmental sustainability. Finally, this research is important to business people, as they recognize the implications of catholic social teaching in business on the environment.


Dance in South Africa is as complex as the diversity of cultures in her country. It reflects the nuances of socio-cultural mores that shape the ever-changing South African nation. The wealth of cultures and identities in South Africa pose an exciting challenge for many artists, particularly those located in the dance faculties, to define and articulate what is contemporary about South African dance and what is African about contemporary dance. The challenge towards normative and codified rigidities in dance practice and discourse functions as an unconventional entry by the Vuyani Dance Company (VDC) to embrace innovative and hybrid forms and modes of embodied representations through dance. The publication of Looking Back to Move Forward (2019) divulges the many ways the dance theatre of Gregory Maqoma – founder of Vuyani Dance Theatre (VDT) and VDC – innovates fresh movement vocabularies. It chronicles the practice of locating the self as a point of departure to excavating and performing embodied narratives about personal experiences that converge with societal histories. The meeting place between the private and the communal serves as the driving force of Maqoma's success in making dance theatre. The book sheds light on Maqoma's practice of embracing nostalgia and imagination to create future thinking narratives while inspiring lasting legacies. Looking Back to Move Forward (2019) performs two functions. Firstly, it cements the understanding that contemporary African dance is complex and transformative. The nature ofMaqoma's method of creating dance theatre is celebrated in the book as it invites readers to journey through 20 years of a successful Black conceived and owned dance company in South Africa. In this layered, the distinct refusal to rigidities in dance practice has prompted a need to innovate Black orientated contemporary African dance. As evidenced in the book, the company achieved this by appreciating the multiplicious nature of Maqoma's choreography that applies influences from the South, East, and West to formulate individual and interpersonal narratives of collective experiences. Furthermore, the book sheds light on Maqoma's practice of examining the position of blackness in contemporary dance within the postcolonial African context. Finally, it provides frames of reference that reorientate contemporary African dance away from troubling labels such as 'primitive' or the homogenizing 'ritual' or 'authentically African' markers.


Arc sprayed Al coating,coated with Zn on the surface,was heated at high temperatures,and Zn with a low melting point will diffuse into the porosities of the Al coating.Microhardness measurement,Tafel polarization test,optical microscope(OM) and electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA) analysis were introduced to investigate the effects of different sealing parameters.The results show that the melted Zn can diffuse into the porosities of the Al coating.The deepness of diffusion for 30 mins and 60 mins are 150 μm and 200 μm respectively,thus increasing the compactness and microhardness,and the resulted coating may have an equivalent property to Zn/Al pseudo alloy.


This study investigates whether a broader range of financial performance measures as required by "FRS No.3" ("FRS3") provides incremental price information beyond a single earnings-based performance measure. I find that the additional performance components reported in the layered statement of performance and reconciliation of movements in shareholders' funds and alternative earnings per share that are voluntarily disclosed by UK firms are generally associated with share returns, and provide incremental price information beyond "FRS3" all-inclusive earnings. This finding supports the information set perspective underlying "FRS3", and has important implications for setting a global accounting standard on reporting financial performance. Copyright 2006 The Author Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


This paper describes a study to understand the use of analogies by design engineers with different levels of experience. Protocol analyses of twelve design engineers have been analysed to understand the functions and reasoning of the analogies. The protocols are real world data from the aerospace industry. The findings indicate a significant difference in both the functions and reasoning by novices and experienced designers. Novices were found to predominantly transfer information without explicit reference to design issues, whereas experienced designers tended to either solve or identify problems. Experienced designers were found to reason about the function of a component and to some degree the predicted behaviour of the component, whereas the novices seem to lack such reasoning processes.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Various types of noise affect Magnetic Resonance Images and consequently interrupt in correct diagnosis. Thus, noise reduction is a major task while working with Magnetic Resonance (MR) Images. The process of denoising reduces the undesirable noise, but at the same time the denoising process needs to preserve the image features as well. Various techniques are available for noise removal from MR Images. Non local means filtering approach is a popular denoising technique for MR images. Modifications have been performed on the original Non Local Means algorithm to apply it on numerous applications. The aim of this paper is to denoise MRI by a novel approach, making use of a median and wiener filter in conjunction with the Non local means filtering technique.


BACKGROUND
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and associated with a range of cognitive, affective, and health concerns. Although the identification of FASD can facilitate the provision of interventions and support, and plays a protective role against adverse outcomes, there are high rates of missed detection. The identification of FASD via screening may improve its recognition across settings. The current systematic review examined the available evidence on FASD screening tools and approaches across age groups and settings.

METHODS
A systematic search was carried out for both peer-reviewed studies and gray literature sources published between January 1990 and May 2020 and was preregistered with PROSPERO (#CRD42019122077). Studies included in the review focused on human applications of FASD screening in children, adolescents, and adults. The quality of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 and GRADE frameworks.

RESULTS
The search yielded 20 screening tools and approaches across 45 studies, broadly characterized in 2 groups. The first group included approaches currently in use that aim to identify individuals at risk of FASD using a range of markers (n = 19) or associated sentinel dysmorphic facial features (n = 6). Another group of studies, characterized as emerging, focused on identifying promising biomarkers of PAE/FASD (n = 20). Overall, we identified limited research supporting the psychometric properties of most screening approaches. The quality review provided evidence of bias due to the common use of case-control designs and lack of adequate reference standards.

CONCLUSIONS
Although several FASD screening tools and approaches are available for use across a range of age groups and settings, the overall evidence base supporting their psychometric properties is weak, with most studies demonstrating significant risk of bias. Service providers should exercise caution in selecting and implementing FASD screening tools given these limitations. It is critically important to accurately identify individuals with FASD across ages and settings to support healthy outcomes. Thus, there is a pressing need for additional research in this area, particularly validation studies in large and representative samples using robust methodological approaches.


To enhance the efficacy of suicide gene therapy for prostate cancer under androgen deprivation, we designed a promoter system that consists of the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) promoter/enhancer (PEPM) and Cre‐loxP DNA recombination system. We constructed two kinds of plasmids. One plasmid contains a Cre recombinase (Cre) under the control of PEPM and the other expresses CMV‐lox‐luciferase/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK). In PSMA‐positive LNCaP cells, the promoter activity of the PEPM‐Cre plus CMV‐lox‐luciferase demonstrated 800‐fold greater activity compared with that of the PSMA promoter alone. However, no enhancement of the promoter activity was observed in the PSMA‐negative cells. Furthermore, in contrast to prostate specific antigen promoter/enhancer (PP), the promoter activity of PEPM did not decrease when the LNCaP cells were cultured in charcoal‐stripped fetal bovine serum (CFBS). In an in vitro gene therapy model with LNCaP cells, the cell growth inhibition in the presence of ganciclovir (GCV) was more evident in the cells transfected with the PEPM‐Cre plus CMV‐lox‐TK than in the cells with the PP‐TK, and the difference in efficacy between the two plasmids was more remarkable when the cells were maintained in CFBS medium. The therapeutic effect of PEPM‐Cre plus CMV‐lox‐TK was also observed in xenografted LNCaP cells on nude mice when the plasmids were directly injected into tumors and GCV was administered intraperitoneally. These findings indicate that the combination of the PSMA promoter/enhancer and the Cre‐loxP system can enhance the PSMA promoter activity even under androgen ablation conditions and can exert its anti‐tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo.


Due to the potential of composing web services from multiple domains under diverse security administrations, ensuring the security in service composition can be a very challenging task. A major problem is the potential of information leakage between the interacting services. Most existing web service security models consider the access to a single web service and do not consider the control of such information flows. In our previous work, we proposed a novel access control model, SCIFC, that empowers the services to effectively control the flow of their sensitive information. In this paper, we consider additional mechanisms to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the SCIFC protocols, including a carry-along policy propagation mechanism to minimize the message sizes for policy exchanges and a transformation factor analysis scheme based on symbolic execution to assist with transformation factor assignments. Based on these enhancements, we implement the SCIFC protocol and study its performance. We develop an extensive web service simulation framework to simulate a diverse range of web services. The performance study of the SCIFC protocol is conducted on top of this simulation framework. Finally, we develop a case study system to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the SCIFC protocols.


A modularization based website development solution in light of fluid situations is presented and discussed in this paper. With an added modularization rule implementing optional dependence, functions of the website are more flexible, which could give the website an advantage in obtaining early market occupancy.


A twenty-year wave in the diurnal anisotropy component of galactic cosmic rays arriving at the earth from the asymptotic direction 128°E of the sun has been found by Forbush. This wave is interpreted in terms of enhanced magnetic reconnection between the nearby galactic field and the field lines in the polar regions of the heliosphere during one-half of the twenty-year solar magnetic cycle. This interpretation leads to the result that the component parallel to the solar rotation axis of the nearby galactic field is directed northward.


Specific heat data on adsorbed He/sup 3/ at 0.1 to 1.4 deg K are presented. The results indicate that the nuclear spin entropy is substantially removed at 0.2 deg K and emphasize the importance of exchange effects at high densities. (R.E.U.)


This study aimed to investigate influence of perceived organizational support (POS) and teacher empowerment on teacher organizational commitment with job satisfaction as mediating construct. Study conducted on Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak, west Borneo, Indonesia. Participant are teacher student on professional education and training program/Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak. Questionnaire used for collecting data. Findings reveal that the influence of perceived organizational suport (POS) on organizational commitment (OC) are not signifikan, but became positive significant while job satisfaction as mediating variable. perceived organizational suport (POS) positively predict job satisfaction. Islamic educational institutions are advised to increase teacher job satisfaction, because it relates to their organizational commitment to educational institutions.


Health workers have been said to be co‐educators of their patients on ideal dental care. They are able to carry out the role because they may be the first to come in contact with patients with dental issues. Aim: The present follow-up study was carried out to assess the oral health related knowledge and practices of health care workers of community health center before and after oral health education. This study was conducted among 52 health care workers of Community Health Center. A pre-tested proforma containing structured close ended questionnaire including 20 questions from Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) was used to collect the data. This instrument was administered to the health workers to assess the oral health related knowledge and practices. A training session on oral health education was taken to health care workers who consented to participate. After 3 months the same questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practices among these workers. Result showed that there was statistical difference in the oral health related knowledge after the oral health education. There was also improvement in the oral health practices among health care workers. When free dental checkup camp was organized to the participants the response rate was found to be 47.5%. There was improvement in oral health related knowledge and practices among health care workers after the training session on oral health education. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(3): 1025-1029)


Dianionic 2,2′-diboratabiphenyl derivatives were prepared as a new class of binucleating ligands. Preliminary investigations into their coordination chemistry involved Rh complexes. Their solution and solid state structures were studied and confirm the preference for η6–η6 coordination of the novel ligands, rendering them isoelectronic analogues of the ubiquitous bicyclopentadienyl system. Comparative studies suggest stronger donor properties for the fulvalene ligand as compared with the 2,2′-diboratabiphenyl system.Key words: dinucleating ligands, bimetallic complexes, rhodium complexes, boron heterocycles, X-ray structure.


In general, the agreement is made face-to-face. However, along with technological developments, agreements can now be made through electronic media (internet) or E-commerce. Through E-commerce, it has brought changes in human activities because through the internet, any transaction can be done, including making an agreement. However, many problems arise in transactions conducted electronically, such as trading transactions or buying and selling online. The problems that can be conveyed are firstly the urgency to reconstruct the practice of trade agreement arrangements through E-Commerce, second form of legal protection against parties who are disadvantaged in practicing trade agreements through E-Commerce and thirdly the settlement that can be carried out if there is a dispute in the practice of a trade agreement through E -Commerce. This research uses normative legal research, with a statutory approach and analysis of legal concepts and uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. Furthermore, it is collected systematically using documentation studies and added with supporting data. The conclusion of this research is that the reconstruction of trade agreement practice arrangements is very urgent to be carried out for philosophical, sociological, juridical and practical reasons, both forms of legal protection against the aggrieved party, namely the Civil Code, ITE Law, Consumer Protection Law and the third settlement that can be done if a dispute occurs is through the Litigation, Non Litigation or BPSK channels.


Effects of enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV B, radiation, broad band, 280~400nm) on the germination of seed and growth of seedling were investigated. The results show that the enhanced UV B radiation greatly inhibited seed germination process and the growth of seedling. Different crops have a great different sensitivity to the enhanced UV B radiation. The results also show that the sensitivity to enhanced UV B radiation of the root is nearly to that of the stem and leaf.


It is not surprising that when the C.C.F. was formed in 1932-3 the radicals came from British Columbia. Nor is it surprising that the British Columbia wing distrusted the petit bourgeois prairie farmer and the "academic 'brains trust'" that drafted the Regina Manifesto. Bred as they were in the Marxist tradition in a province where the class struggle was, at times, a fact, they were always uncomfortable in a party which was in part the result of the farmers' desire to secure private ownership of property. It is this story, as much as the story of Ernest Winch, that Mrs. Steeves relates in her book. Like socialism in British Columbia, the book is at times rowdy, always vigorous, undisciplined, and ingenuous. There is no doubt where Mrs. Steeves tands, herself an active participant in many of the events he describes; but unlike so many party leaders who write books about their parties, she is quite honest and documents her narrative with care. As a guide to the personalities and literature of what must be described as the real left in Canada, this book is invaluable. It may be that when the history of socialism in British Columbia is written there will be points in Mrs. Steeves' narrative corrected by a more scholarl and detached author but her sincere and moving tribute to a dedicated Y socialist and notable social reformer will stand.


The first Valmet OptiDry unit was successfully started up at Nordland Papier AG's mill in Dorpen, Germany on April 26, 1999. This event marks the beginning of new thinking in paper machine drying technology, with the installation of the world's first impingement drying unit on a commercial paper machine.


A 50 nm diameter gold cylinder loaded on a semiconductor surface creates sub-wavelength field confinement in 3D. The virtual nano-cavity exhibits 180 nm modal volume with Q-factor of few hundreds, suitable for realizing a semiconductor based nano-laser.


It is an integrative literature review with the objective of integrating the knowledge produced about eye accidents in the work environment of health, pointing out the main causes of impairment of visual acuity and protective factors. Five databases were consulted to select the articles - SCOPUS, CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science - which included six articles. The results show that the studies were conducted between 2005 and 2013. The eye accidents were grouped into three categories: the cause of the eye accident, post-accident management, and protection factor. It is concluded that non-adherence to eye protection measures is an important factor in accidents involving the eye, which makes rethink the security policies implemented by health institutions with an emphasis on visual apparatus.


The ROOT framework is one of the most used software tool-sets for particle physics analysis.The goal of ROAst (ROot extension for Astronomy) is to extend the ROOT capabilities adding packages and tools for astrophysical research bridging the gap between particle physics and astronomy. The focus is on the integration of astronomical catalogues and on the support for astronomical coordinate transformations, manipulations as well as the graphical representation of astronomical regions.


The article examines the image of Ukraine in the global economic space by assessing and comparing the world's leading ratings in the field of national branding, ratings that affect the image of Ukraine and some industry ratings. The transformation of the country's foreign economic priorities in the direction of purposeful promotion of its interests and the formation of a national brand in the global economic space are all due to intensified international competition, globalization of the world economy in terms of intensification of innovation processes and rapid growth of scientific and technological progress. In a difficult socio-economic and geopolitical situation for Ukraine, the issues of forming a national brand are very relevant, and its research has a considerable scientific interest. In this context, the national brand can become one of the ways to integrate the Ukrainian economy into the global economic space and support it at the appropriate level in the system of world economic relations. The role of the national brand in the positioning of the state in the international arena is analyzed. The interdependence of internal and external image of Ukraine is revealed. It is very important to intensify Ukraine's role in the world stage and strengthen its global competitiveness. Ukraine's place in the leading research on the national brand has been identified such as: the competitiveness index, the global innovation index, the economic freedom index, the ease of doing business index, etc. The strengths and weaknesses of positioning the image of Ukraine in the global economic space are analyzed. Prospects and recommendations for the development of the national brand of Ukraine are highlighted. The purpose of this work is to analyze the image of Ukraine in the global economic space and the peculiarities of the development of its national brand to gain a competitive advantage in the face of increasing international competition. Ukraine has every opportunity to rise in the system rankings. If we analyze their individual elements then we can see that the country receives the lowest values estimations in that direction that is characterized by the governance quality.


Using mother tongue (L1) in a foreign language (L2) classrooms is inevitable. Despite the debate over the adequacy of using L1 in the teaching of L2, this paper argues using L1 in the classroom does not hinder learning, and that L1 has a facilitating role to play in the classroom and can help L2 learning and acquisition. This paper shows that L1 is an inseparable part of language teaching, and it has several functions for both the students and teachers in English language learning and teaching. Therefore, those who believe L1 has a minimal role to play in the teaching of a foreign language are invited to think again of its role and contributions it makes to the fields of language learning and teaching.


Aiming to solve the problem of no well reflecting the spatial-temporal characteristic of CPS in current CPS event model, a new spatial-temporal event model based on multi-tuple for CPS is proposed in this paper.The basic idea of the new method is that we use the five tuples (object, time, space, event and property) to express a CPS event. As a result, our supposed model not only can more comprehensively reflect the spatial-temporal characteristic of CPS event, but also can reflect the dynamic change feature of external environment.The simulation results show that our proposed model scheme has a good performance in terms of reducing event average localization error rate and lowering event average timing error rate compared with other general event model methods.


The differential modal gain (DMG) in a few-mode erbium-doped fibre amplifier (FM-EDFA) is successfully improved by employing a ring-core FM erbium-doped fibre (RC-EDF). The DMGs between LP01 and LP11 mode signals in the FM-EDFA with the RC-EDF are 1.8 and 1.6 dB for LP01 and LP11 mode pumping, respectively, whereas those in a FM-EDFA with a conventional step-index FM EDF are 9.2 and 6.1 dB, indicating 7.4 and 4.5 dB DMG improvement for LP01 and LP11 mode pumping, respectively.


In 2000/01, the risk-crises of mad cow disease (BSE) and foot and mouth disease (FMD), shocked the agricultural sector and questioned the modern, industrial routines and self-conceptions within it. The German red-green government used this crises as a >>window of opportunity« to proclaim the >>Agrarwende« (turnaround in agriculture), a policy change, which should open up the very closed sector for the need of ecological modernisation. On basis of the >>Theory of Reflexive Modernisation« and its special attention to the >>ffects of side-effects«, this article discusses the >>Agrarwende« in its relation to a more fundamental meta-change caused by the self-referential modernisation of industrial modernity. It reflects the consequences of this combination of intended change and unintended transformation for the institutions of the agricultural sector, especially in agricultural policy and science, and asks for the chances and obstacles for a deeper institutional change which could meet the challenges of a reflexive Modernity.


ABSTRACT Mathematical models are often used to simulate water movement and transport of ions, through the soil profile, as a tool to implement better agricultural practices. The most important input data for such models are the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties, solute transport parameters, and adsorption isotherms, the latter relating the concentration of ions at equilibrium in soil solution the concentration of the ions absorbed by each type of soil. As Na adsorption depends not only on Na concentration in solution, but also on the composition of the electrolyte, mainly [ Ca + Mg], competing to adsorption sites, the Freundlich model to describe monocomponent Na adsorption, as well as a competitive extended Freundlich equation, were applied to study Na adsorption in a Fluvisol, considering the application of three different quality irrigation waters. Equations of the Freundlich type, relating exchangeable Na percentage (ESP) and Na adsorption ratio (SAR), ESP = K*(SAR) m , were also determined. The parameters k, k* and K* for the monocomponent extended Freundlich isotherms and ESP–SAR, respectively, decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration, and increased with depth. The K* parameters presented the smallest variation coefficient. Sodium adsorption increased with increasing SAR. For the same SAR, adsorbed Na was independent of the total electrolyte concentration. Distribution coefficients increased with depth, and, for each depth, decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration in the applied solutions, due to competitive adsorption with Ca + Mg.


The results of internal temperature. productivity and immunity analysis of the laying hen house by the thermal environment and the supply of cold drinking water were as follows. The external temperature was changed from the minimum of 18℃ at night and the maximum of 36℃ during the day, and the internal temperature of the laying hens varied from 20~31℃. Thermal imaging analysis showed that the body temperature of the laying hen decreased by 2.4℃ with the supply of drinking water. The laying hen amount increased 2.36g and laying hen rate increased 3.62%p. Albumin increased 6.1%, decreased AST 15%, and decreased cholesterol 12.7%. Immune activators increased and T cells and B cells increased to increase immunity.


It is known that the performance of a low power arcjet is influenced by the geometry of the constrictor. The merging of the arc with the propellant gas in the constrictor is a complex process involving electrical and non-equilibrium chemical phenomena with high energy transport rate to the wall. An experimental investigation was performed to investigate the effect of the constrictor geometry on the characteristics of arc discharges and the heat transport rate to the wall, using quartz glass constrictors with different geometries. Following results were obtained. 1) The discharge voltage of the arc increases with the constrictor length (/con) almost linearly, though no distinct effect of the constrictor diameter (cfcon) is observed on it. 2) The thermal efficiency, defined as the ratio of the power of gas ejected from the constrictor (Peject) to the input electrical power (Pin), increases with increasing gas pressure (Peon) and with decreasing /con generally, while with decreasing rfcon the efficiency takes a maximum value at a middle length of dcon. 3) The diameter of arc column decreases with increasing Peon, with increasing /con, and with decreasing rfcon by the thermal pinch effect. 4) The main feature of the variation of constrictor gas temperature with /con and fifcon coincides with that of ejected power and thermal efficiency. It is suggested that the existence of the maximum in the thermal efficiency for the change of cfcon, at a fixed Peon and a fixed mass flow rate of propellant, is due to the coexistence of two type processes, one suppresses heat transport to the constrictor wall and another promotes it.


Objective The goal of this study was to establish a numeric threshold to separate functional from substantially obstructed noses using comparisons of thermal imaging and subjective scores. Study Design An inexpensive smartphone application and hardware attachment that uses infrared thermal imaging was tested to differentiate between substantial nasal blockage from an adequately functioning nose. Setting Sequential adult participants who presented to a public hospital otolaryngology clinic between June and August 2018 were asked to complete the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) tool. Methods A thermal video imaging device was used to record the difference in temperature (ΔT) between inspired (I) and expired (E) air at each nostril. The nostril ΔT between I and E air of patients with severe obstruction by the subjective measure (NOSE score) was compared with that of patients with minimal symptoms. Results A total of 26 participants were enrolled in the study. During normal respiration, Total ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean of 9.0, whereas the Total ΔT for the obstructed group had a mean of 7.69, a 17% difference that was statistically significant at P = .045. For the worst-performing nostril tested, ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean/median of 4°C, while the obstructed group had a mean of 3.23°C (median 3; 23.8% difference, P = .023). Conclusion Measures of thermal imaging, particularly at the threshold between the median scores of the worst-performing nostril, may be a useful clinical test to differentiate between a substantially obstructed nose from an adequately functioning nose, although more data are required.


A new beamforming control method is presented to widen nulls of adaptive antenna array. The presented method utilizes the space-time averaging techniques and the rotation techniques of the steering vectors to improve the beamforming control performances. This proposed method can provide increased robustness against the mismatch problem as well as control over the sidelobe level. In addition, the proposed method can widen the width of nulls for interference signal sources. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance achievable.


Wearable technologies are becoming important for the fields of information technology and healthcare, driven mainly by societal issues such as the aging society and the current pandemic. Recently developed flexible/stretchable wearable devices have demonstrated their ability for long‐term healthcare monitoring with improved signal integrity and multimodality. However, the adherence of wearers to such wearable devices cannot be determined only by the function. Here "comfort‐of‐wear" is identified as one of the most critical parameters for future wearables, similar to how clothes are chosen based on how comfortable they are. "Comfort‐of‐wear" is defined as the device's ability to not to disturb the wearers' daily life. Several engineering approaches are introduced to improve the comfort‐of‐wear of devices—via strategies that include improving flexibility by utilizing a combination of structures, materials, and systems. Finally, the future of wearables enabled by cutting‐edge advanced electronic technologies is proposed.


The article aims to present the application of Visual Project Management in the construction of a pro-sustainability project tool with an emphasis on the mitigation of solid textile waste. This is the Zero Waste Tool for Apparel Design (ZWTAD). The construction of the tool took place in two stages: (I) initially, based on the use of the visual panel of the Orientation Guide for Project Development; and (II), then, under the application of the structural elements (premises, requirements and usability principles) of Visual Project Management. Therefore, methodologically, this article can be understood as applied, descriptive, bibliographic and qualitative research. It is inferred that the development of the ZWTAD can constitute a case of Visual Project Management, however, for now, it is still an incomplete visual model.


Centella asiatica is an important medicinal plant of subtropical to tropical region. It grows widely, in different habitats. In Nepal, it is distributed at an altitudinal range of 96-2200 m above sea level. A comparative quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in Centella asiatica samples collected from three different habitats in Nepal was carried out by HPLC to evaluate the variability in the important constituents. There was marked variability in asiaticoside, asiatic acid and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide content among the samples collected from different habitats. Samples collected from open agricultural land showed the highest asiaticoside (1.91%), asiatic acid (0.13%) and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (0.35%) content. Therefore, open land is preferable for plantation of this species for high yield of secondary metabolites. Key-words: Asiaticoside; asiatic acid; Centella asiatica ; HPLC; medicinal plants; quercetin 3-O-glucuronide. DOI: 10.3126/botor.v7i0.4372 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2010) 7: 43-47


This study aims to highlight the effect of longitudinal variation on ionospheric ranging errors (IRE) for L1 frequency GPS users along the geomagnetic latitude of 20 degrees north. Observations from 9 GNSS stations - all within ±2 degrees of 200N — have been used, including the newly established GNSS station at Sharjah (SHJ1). The study period was chosen to be the winter solstice of 2018, a minimum solar period. Observation of derived IRE trends shows very small variations at early hours (0500 LT) of the morning. However, the error variation is quite significant at the peak hour (1400 LT) of the day. A comparison with the NeQuick 2 model shows that the model underestimates IRE calculation at 0500 LT and overestimates IRE values at 1400 LT, for most cases. It was also found that the ionosphere at the western hemisphere is generally more active than the eastern hemisphere for both periods. This study shows that the effect of longitudinal variation is significant along near equatorial latitudes and should be considered even at minimum solar periods.


A new method is presented for the purification of testicular hyaluronidase involving ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. A highly purified hyaluronidase preparation has been obtained which contains 45,000 National Formulary activity units per mg, dry weight, and which migrates as a single component on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3. The enzyme has been shown to be a glycoprotein containing 5.00% mannose and 2.17% glucosamine (expressed as IV-acetylglucosamine). The molecular weight of the purified hyaluronidase has been determined to be 61,000 by gel filtration methods. This value is in contrast to a molecular weight of 126,000 for the crude enzyme, as determined by similar techniques. This difference between the crude and purified enzyme could be due to association with a carrier protein in the crude testicular extract or to the existence of hyaluronidase as a dimer in the crude state. Only 76% of the weight of the purified hyaluronidase could be accounted for by its amino acid and carbohydrate composition.


In this paper, we propose a hybrid Pareto-based artificial bee colony (HABC) algorithm for solving the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem. In the hybrid algorithm, each food sources is represented by two vectors, i.e., the machine assignment vector and the operation schedul- ing vector. The artificial bee is divided into three groups, namely, employed bees, onlookers, and scouts bees. Furthermore, an external Pareto archive set is introduced to record non-dominated solutions found so far. To balance the exploration and exploitation capability of the algorithm, the scout bees in the hybrid algorithm are divided into two parts. The scout bees in one part per- form randomly search in the predefined region while each scout bee in another part randomly select one non-dominated solution from the Pareto archive set. Experimental results on the well-known benchmark instances and comparisons with other recently published algorithms show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


ABSTRACT Carbon black (CB) was modified by liquid grafting and used for natural rubber (NR) reinforcement. Payne effects during NR reinforcement by the graft-modified carbon black (GCB) were analyzed in this paper. The results showed a proportional relationship between filler content and the Payne effect. Rubber compounds with GCB presented weaker Payne effects than their non-modified counterparts. Qualitative analysis of the correlation between filler network structure and filler content was conducted according to the relationship between bound rubber of a rubber compound and shear modulus. The impact of the storage period on the Payne effect was further studied, and the results demonstrated that the longer the storage period of the rubber compound, the stronger the Payne effect tended to be. The mechanisms by which the Payne effects were manifested differed according to the content of the filler in the rubber.


Reports on opportunities at the Louisville Ekstrom Library provided by the introduction of the new OCLC PRISM online cataloguing and acquisitions system, the release of new PASSPORT interface software for this system, and the upgrade from terminals to Zenith 286 microcomputers. Reviews the imperative for system change at the library. Assesses the advantages of the new system and steps taken to overcome technical problems.


Additive color mixing modulated by digital pulses enables universal applications in lights and displays. Conventional methods map binarized signals to ordinary red–green–blue color spaces, loosely connected with the color perception of human eyes, causing the complexity of gamut mapping and inaccuracy of chromatic manipulations. Here we developed a complete theory that encodes and decodes digital signals directly to a perceptually nonuniform color space of the commission internationale de l'eclairage, featuring a strict bijection between the duty cycles of each binary pulse and color components of the mixed light and an analytic nonlinear gamut volume. Exemplary applications in biophotonic lighting, active full-color displaying, and metaphotonic sensing confirmed our theory. The method applies to the fields with accurate manipulations of chromaticity and luminosity of a light, opening an avenue toward the next generation of perceptual displays, cameras, and sensors.