Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of nutritional risk in patients scheduled for cardiovascular rehabilitation. Background: Knowledge concerning nutritional aspects of cardiovascular diseases is contemporary limited. Methods: Nutritional risk screening using a standardized Nutritional Risk Screening–2002 (NRS-2002) questionnaire was performed on a cohort of consecutive patients scheduled for rehabilitation 1–6 months after treatment for ischemic, valvular, or combined causes of heart diseases. Baseline weight was available for more than 80% of patients. Results: The study population consisted of 317 patients, aged 23–85 years, with a mean age of 62.5 ± 11.3 years. Male to female share was 253 (79.8%) and 64 (20.2%), respectively. Twenty-eight (8.8%) were treated for myocardial infarction conservatively, 151 (47.6%) by percutaneous coronary interventions, and 145 (45.7%) by surgery. NRS-2002 was 3.56 ± 1.54 in range 0–6. A high correlation was found between the NRS-2002 and percentage weight loss history (rho = 0.813; p <0.001). Significant differences according to increased nutritional risk (NRS-2002 ≥ 3) were found within age groups (p < 0.001), disease etiology (p = 0.002), cardiovascular treatments (p < 0.001), and grades of renal function (p < 0.001). Odds for developing increased nutritional risk (NRS-2002 ≥ 3) were significant for cardiovascular treatments (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28–8.30, p < 0.001), age (OR = 3.19, 95% CI, 2.00–5.09, p < 0.001), grade of renal function (OR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.17–3.09, p = 0.009), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.37, 95% CI, 1.09–5.16, p = 0.029), and any psychological disturbance (OR = 2.04, 95% CI, 1.06–3.90, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Pronounced nutritional risk frequently existed among patients at stationary cardiovascular rehabilitation. Nutritional risk was connected with preceding cardiovascular treatments, patient age, and renal function. Further studies concerning nutritional risk and its connections with clinical outcomes might serve as a resourceful perspective to improve outcomes or quality of care for the entities from the cardiovascular diseases continuum.


Since the last meeting of the Section one major arc of first-order triangulation has been completed, a minor arc has been begun and completed, and a beginning has been made upon another major arc.

The major arc completed was the west end of the 49th parallel, an unusually difficult piece of work; the stations were so inaccessible that five observing parties were used in order to finish the work before the glaciers below the stations should become dangerous. Even with that number of parties, smoke from forest-fires again so delayed the observing that the stations were finished only with the greatest difficulty and with frequent risk of serious injury to the observers and their assistants.


This paper discusses the ILLIAC IV computer and its application to seismic signal-processing problems. ILLIAC IV, now being fabricated by the Burroughs Corporation, will be operational at the University of Illinois' Computer Science Department in 1970. ILLIAC IV is an array of 256 coupled high-speed digital computers; as such, it has the capacity to execute algorithms 256 times faster than present-day computers. Achievement of large speedup factors, however, is dependent upon "structuring" an algorithm into groups of (nominally, 256) identical computations. As an aid to the programmer, the Tranquil language is being designed with certain common statements, such as matrix operations, prestructured to provide for the parallel execution of code on many pieces of data. These, as well as other aspects of the ILLIAC IV system and the Tranquil language, are described in the first part of this paper. The second part of the paper discusses the structuring of common signal-processing algorithms, such as beam forming, convolution, and fast Fourier transform for ILLIAC IV parallel computation. It is shown that, in a great variety of situations, the full speedup factor, 256, can be obtained.


Based on the wave equation, this paper describes the underwater acoustic propagation by a wave guide model, and computes the model. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The successful application in MFP also proves its effectiveness.


Energy resolution characteristics of silicon surface barrier detector signals amplified by different preamplifiers and spectroscopic amplifiers have been studied. The characterization has been done ...


This article reports on a two-year, funded, qualitative inquiry into the challenges and possibilities of integrating video production into pre-service teacher education as a critical digital literacy practice. This includes the skills, knowledge, and dispositions that lead to ability to critique and create digital texts that interrogate the self, the other, and the world (Ávila & Zacher Pandya, 2013). Video making holds out enormous potential given our increasingly diverse classrooms and the growing need to have students connect and collaborate within their own communities and globally (Dwyer, 2016; Ontario Ministry of Education, 2015, 2016; Spires, Paul, Himes, & Yuan, 2018; Watt, 2017, 2018; Watt, Abdulqadir, Siyad, & Hujaleh, 2019). Video is especially significant in light of the fact that it is replacing print text as a dominant mode of communication (Manjou, 2018). Multimodal composing such as video production is, in fact, considered by some to be the essential 21st century literacy (Miller & McVee, 2012), but much remains to be done to bring digital technologies as literacy into the elementary classroom. Qualitative data includes a focus group, questionnaires, observations, and content analysis of teacher candidate videos and instructional plans. This study considers how video production can be integrated into teacher education programs to engage cross-curricular expectations and critical digital literacy perspectives. It responds to the pressing question of how to do teacher education differently in the digital age.


(2013). I Am My Other, I Am My Self: Encounters with Gauguin in Polynesia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art: Vol. 13, Contact, pp. 104-125.


State estimator is an important tool for online monitoring, analysis and control of power systems. With the increased use of phasor measurement units in a power grid, utilization of synchro phasor measurements in State Estimation (SE) becomes essential. Conventional State Estimation (CSE) has been done from measurements obtained by Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. Linear State Estimation (LSE) is done using phasor measurements alone. The paper presents a hybrid method called Two Stage State Estimation (TSSE), wherein the states of the system are estimated by incorporating both the SCADA measurements and phasor measurements. Simulations are done on IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 118 bus systems and results are compared.


For space-time adaptive processing (STAP), we present three variants of an outlier removal algorithm, the self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood (SCRFML). Specifically, these three SCRFML variants are implemented for three STAP methods, i.e., normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF), normalized parametric adaptive matched filter (NPAMF), and low-rank normalized adaptive matched filter (LRNAMF). We demonstrated that the SCRFML algorithm can systematically reduce the number of dominant eigenvalues after successive regularization have been applied to the sample/parametric covariance matrix estimate. Then, we show that the model order for NPAMF can be determined from the simulation of cutoff signal-to-noise ratio versus sample support. After the application of outlier removal variants, we compare the detection performance and computational costs of these STAP methods


Homologous DNA recombination and rearrangement has been modeled with a class of four-regular rigid vertex graphs called assembly graphs which can also be represented by double occurrence words. Various invariants have been suggested for these graphs, some based on the structure of the graphs, and some biologically motivated. In this thesis we use a novel method of data analysis based on a technique known as partial-clustering analysis and an algorithm known as Mapper to examine the relationships between these invariants. We introduce some of the basic machinery of topological data analysis, including the construction of simplicial complexes on a data set, clustering analysis, and the workings of the Mapper algorithm. We define assembly graphs and three specific invariants of these graphs: assembly number, nesting index, and genus range. We apply Mapper to the set of all assembly graphs up to 6 vertices and compare relationships between these three properties. We make several observations based upon the results of the analysis we obtained. We conclude with some suggestions for further research based upon our findings.


Internet of things (IoT)-enabled devices perform remote monitoring of patients and keep them healthy. They also facilitate physicians to provide high-quality care to their patients with accurate data. Chronic disease involves a wide range of health issues like diabetics, asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, and other disorders. To avoid disease progression, the IoT-based smart medical kit helps in episodic patient monitoring, continuous patient monitoring in acute conditions, and patient alarm monitoring. The chapter focuses on the deployment of interconnected devices (sensors, actuators, monitors, detectors, and camera systems) to collect data from heterogeneous systems. The output is connected to a think speak dashboard for monitoring the variation over the period. The smart kit provides more accurate and reliable recommendations to assist patients in controlling their chronic disease and assists in remote monitoring of a patient's health conditions.


Abstract The coupling coefficient, VE. with the Jahn-Teller mode, Eg, for the first excitations of MnF6 4− and CrF6 3− complexes has been investigated through Molecular Orbital calculations for different values of the tetragonal Qθ coordinate. The present analysis reveals that the stable geometry for the first excited state of MnF6 4−(4T1) and CrF6 3−(4T2) is that of an elongated and compressed octahedron respectively. The calculated values for MnF6 4− at the equilibrium distance (R = 212 pm) of RbMnF3 are close to the experimental value VE = 65 cm−1/pm. As a salient feature it is shown that VE α R−P (p being close to six) and thus it exhibits the same dependence as the coupling coefficient, VA, with the symmetric mode. Finally, the present analysis predicts an increase of the Stokes shift upon increasing R provided the Gruneisen constant is higher than two. It thus explains recent experimental data on Mn2+ -doped fluoroperovskites.


sensible conclusions, while at the same time presenting a lively narrative. What emerges is a Church that was never as settled as many of its apologists might have wished for: each of Morris's three periods ('The age of the monarch' to 1688, 'The age of the oligarchy' to 1832, 'The age of the people' to the present) is characterized by conflict over identity, especially over the implications of the Protestant inheritance and the legacy of Catholic order. While adopting a broadly chronological and narrative form, Morris adds some additional chapters that focus on such questions as architecture, music and worship, which are not always given due weight in histories of a Church that has always been tied up with politics and power. Even though Morris is most at home in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, his accounts of the highly volatile first 200 years after the separation from Rome are based on the best of modern scholarship and he shows an ability to rise above some of the polemic that has characterized some of the recent discussion. A similar approach is taken in the final chapters, which bring the story up to date: the different sides of the secularization debate are carefully considered. What is clear is that there are no easy answers in church history. Overall, what emerges from the narrative is a Church that ultimately failed to reform itself in any thoroughgoing way and instead relied on piecemeal change that was often too little and too late. Its greatest failing, however, was its inability, despite a number of exceptions, to make significant inroads into the labouring classes: the people's church of the title was the Church of an English people exemplified by their governing classes (which goes a long way to explaining the success of nonconformity). Like many broad accounts, The People's Church ends with a postscript on the future: the hope lies in the survival of a 'small' Church as long as the state can take on the burden of maintaining its historic buildings. If I have a criticism of the book, it is that I would have preferred a bit more historical colour to flesh out the narrative to add to the many illustrations. That said, the 'judicious Mr Morris' has provided us with an authoritative, readable and nuanced account of Anglican history. It is to be hoped that it will be read by the current crop of leaders who seldom seem to learn from the lessons of history.


Penny Barker is going on a 3000-mile trip across the US as she aims to be the fastest female finisher in next year's event and to raise considerable sums of money for her two favoured charities.


Utilizing the millimeter-scale symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide,mechanism of a large-range refractometer is proposed,which is applicable to measure the refractive indexes of gas,liquid and solid.In principle,anything transparent can be measured since the detection range is not limited.The data presented,based on the experiments on air,pure water and LiNbO_3 crystal,show that the measurement precision is less than 3.0×10~(-3).


Abstract Basic foreign policy options for the United States in the post‐cold war period are such that withdrawal and nonentanglement are neither feasible nor desirable, and full U.S. engagement is necessary to maintain international stability. No other power or combination can substitute, especially in residual deterrence of Soviet nuclear power, but also in containing outlaw states like Iraq. U.S. vital interests are tied to the world future, involving 12 key goals for the "Millennium": framing a stable order; accommodating change; protecting diversity; preventing genocide; suppressing terrorism; curbing arms proliferation; building consensus on environmental change; sustaining economic growth; improving LDC share of planetary product; better coordinating of G‐7 macroeconomic policies; redressing American economic imbalances; and rationalizing international organizations. The cold war shaped the present organizational disorders, so streamlining of structure and remodeling of the United Nations is now fea...


BS>Two crystalline forms of bis-(5-aminotetrazolato) copper(II) were prepared and characterized. Visible and ultraviolet spectra of aqueous copper(II)-5-aminotetrazole solution were examined. Continuous variation experiments reveal 1: 2 interactions and a formation constant for the complex in solution was determined to be about 10/sup 12/. Infrared studies suggest coordtnation involves the ring and not the 5-amino group. Acids decompose the complexes and bring about rupture of the tetrazole ring, while decomposition by ammonia does not affect the ring. (auth)


The screws on process pipes of high-pressure air coolers of a 2 MM TPY hydrocracking unit in SINOPEC Beijing Yanshan company leaked,which brought potential hazard to the normal operation of the unit.The material selection,piping design,water injection and inhibitor injection were analyzed,optimum operating conditions were proposed in normal operation.The anti-corrosion mechanism of the high - pressure air - coolers was studied.Based upon the corrosion Kp,the concentration of ammonia hydrosulfid in sulfur-containing waste water and the velocity of reaction effluent,the feedstocks were optimized and the desulfurization of recycle hydrogen was adjusted to ensure that the corrosion coefficient Kp is less than 0.07,which will guarantee a long - term operation of the unit.


ABSTRACT Aprocedure using the CREAMS model was developed to estimate the reduction in soil loss resulting from the construction of diversions across sloping land. The procedure was then used to analyze two examples of typical diversion applications. In the first example, a diversion was simulated between a sloping (2, 5, 8, or 12%) pasture and a relatively flat (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0%) cropped bottomland. The simulated diversion reduced overall, estimated annual soil losses by up to 20 t/ha depending on slope steepnesses. Most of this overall reduction resulted from less concentrated-flow erosion on the bottomland field. The second example involved a field with a 180-m slope length at uniform (1 or 3%) steepness. The estimated soil losses for this field were 1 to 15 t/ha less with a diversion at midslope than without. A 3- or 9-m grass strip above the diversion reduced soil losses only slightly more. The estimated soil losses obtained from the CREAMS model provide useful information for evaluating diversions. However, CREAMS must be carefully used and the results thoroughly assessed to verify that they are reasonable


Objective: Compare effects of dichlorphenamide in adolescent and adult patients with primary periodic paralysis (PP). Background: Dichlorphenamide is approved for use in adults with PP (≤200 mg/day) based on two controlled studies; one enrolled adolescents. Results in adolescents have not been previously described. Design/Methods: In a Phase 3, placebo-controlled, crossover study (Tawil et al, Ann Neurol , 2000), after an 8-week run-in phase, 73 patients age ≥10 years (mean 37) were randomly assigned to receive dichlorphenamide or placebo for 9 weeks, followed by washout (≥9 weeks) and a switch to the other treatment for 9 weeks. This post-hoc analysis of study records compared effects of dichlorphenamide on weekly attack rates, weekly severity-weighted attack rates, and frequency of nine prespecified adverse events (AEs) between adolescents and adults. Results: Seven of 73 patients were aged 10–17: one (age 10) withdrew prior to receiving dichlorphenamide, one (age 17) provided tolerability data only, 5 (ages 13–17) provided efficacy and tolerability data. All but one adolescent (50 mg BID) was treated with 100 mg BID. Twenty-eight adult patients provided complete attack-rate data. The self-reported age of onset (10–11 years) and characteristics of attacks were similar across age groups at baseline. Dichlorphenamide treatment resulted in median changes from baseline in weekly attack rate of −0.96 [CI: −1.46, −0.68] in adolescents vs −0.83 [CI: −2.58, −0.67] in adults. Median changes from baseline in severity-weighted weekly attack rate were −2.25 [CI: −3.37, −1.41] in adolescents vs −1.17 [CI: −4.95, −0.81] in adults. Three adolescents reported ≥1 AE during dichlorphenamide treatment, all of which were known class effects. None was dose-limiting or resulted in study withdrawal. The frequency of each reported AE was comparable across age groups. Conclusions: Adolescents and adults with PP had similar improvement in short-term attack rates and AEs with dichlorphenamide within the approved dosing range. Study Supported by: Strongbridge Biopharma Disclosure: Dr. Ciafaloni has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Sarepta, Santhera. Dr. Cohen has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Strongbridge Biopharma. Dr. Cohen holds stock and/or stock options in Strongbridge Biopharma. Dr. Griggs has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Serve on DSMB for PTC Therapeutics, Idera Pharma; consultant for Saretpta, Marathon, Strongbridge and Taro Pharma. Dr. Griggs has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Correspondence editor for Neurology. Dr. Griggs has received royalty, license fees, or contractual rights payments from Royalties from Marathon and PTC Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Griggs has received research support from Research support from Marathon, PTC.


The Niagara Area office of Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) has been in the forefront of successfully enhancing services while improving performance in a changing industrial and economic environment. In the face of cost and efficiency demands and the changing mission imposed by the federal government on HRDC, the Niagara Area office has absorbed significant reductions in human and financial resources over the past six years. Fourteen years of federal budget cuts and a program of resource realignment regionally, has resulted in a workforce reduced by some 48% in the past five years and a total salary budget decline of over two million dollars per year since 1994. In spite of this climate of severance and downsizing, Niagara has managed to enhance services and set new performance standards locally, regionally and nationally.


Through the investigation in southern,central and northern Jiangsu Province,it is found that the current rural community medical services have many problems,such as uneven development,poor medical conditions and low service quality,paying too much attention to medical curing but neglecting the medical prevention,medical understaffed and disconnected with the new rural cooperative medical service and so on.In order to promote the healthy development of rural community medical service stations,the following steps should be adopted,changing the ideological concept and correctly understanding the status of medical service stations;intensifying government responsibility and increasing investment in public sanitation;improving the new cooperative medical system and enhancing the accessibility of medical services;strengthening the rural health care teams and raising the technical level of medical staff.


The fatty acid composition and nutrition components of Sinilabeo rendahli was determined to promote rational exploration and exploitation of Sinilabeo rendahli resource and aquaculture production development.The results showed that there were 5 saturated fatty acids and 7 unsaturated fatty acids in muscle of Sinilabeo rendahli,the saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid content accounted for 29.29% and 70.70% of total fatty acid content respectively,the monounstatuated fatty acid and polysaturated fatty acid content accounted for 50.56% and 20.14% of total fatty acid content separately,the fatty acid in muscle of Sinilabeo rendahli was mainly composed of oleic acid,palmitic acid and linoleic acid and these fatty acids content accounted for 81.45% of total fatty acid content in muscle of Sinilabeo rendahli.


Simple Summary Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the standard treatment for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a safe and effective treatment for early-stage NSCLC. However, there is no direct comparison study between these treatments. The present study aimed to compare oncologic outcomes after CIRT and SBRT for early-stage NSCLC in a single-institutional and contemporaneous cohort. We demonstrated favorable overall survival and local control in the CIRT group compared to those in the SBRT group using log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses for 89 patients. In addition, these results were validated in propensity score-adjusted analyses. The present retrospective comparison study showed a positive efficacy profile of CIRT, which is beneficial in the management of early-stage NSCLC. Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy is an essential treatment modality for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the standard treatment for early-stage NSCLC because of its favorable local control (LC) compared to conventional radiotherapy. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a kind of external beam radiotherapy characterized by a steeper dose distribution and higher biological effectiveness. Several prospective studies have shown favorable outcomes. However, there is no direct comparison study between CIRT and SBRT to determine their benefits in the management of early-stage NSCLC. Thus, we conducted a retrospective, single-institutional, and contemporaneous comparison study, including propensity score-adjusted analyses, to clarify the differences in oncologic outcomes. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 80.1% in CIRT and 71.6% in SBRT (p = 0.0077). The 3-year LC was 87.7% in the CIRT group and 79.1% in the SBRT group (p = 0.037). Multivariable analyses showed favorable OS and LC in the CIRT group (hazard risk [HR] = 0.41, p = 0.047; HR = 0.30, p = 0.040, respectively). Log-rank tests after propensity score matching and Cox regression analyses using propensity score confirmed these results. These data provided a positive efficacy profile of CIRT for early-stage NSCLC.


The purpose of this study was to examine the adequacy of causal inferences drawn from the effects of handwriting and spelling interventions on text generation skills for students in grades 1 to 3 identified as at risk in writing or having disabilities, and whether the reviewed interventions constitute evidence-based practices. A total of 11 experimental and quasi-experimental group design studies were categorized into three groups based on degrees of methodological rigor: low, moderate, and high causal inference groups. Determinations were then made as to whether explicit handwriting and spelling interventions can be considered an evidence-based practice. The low inference group comprised two studies; moderate and high inference groups comprised three and six studies, respectively. Five studies met sufficient methodological criteria to be considered evidence-based practices. Variables affecting the methodological rigor of reviewed studies and implications for an evidence-based writing practice are discussed. Directions for future research are presented.


. Th e impact of travel distance on tourist travel planning and motives for travelling represents a notable research gap. Th is study aims to demonstrate that the impacts of tourist travel intention predictors are diff erent, since longer distance increases the complexities of planning; also, that long-haul travelling is driven by diff erent motives among tourists than short-haul travelling. Th e study is based on analysis of survey data from Lithuania. Th e fi ndings showed diff erences in how beliefs impact tourists' intentions to travel to relatively distant and nearby cities: behavioural and normative beliefs had stronger impacts on intentions for nearby destinations, whereas control beliefs had strong impacts for distant destinations. Also, the sets of tourists' motives for long-haul destinations and for short-haul destinations had diff erent structures and diff ered in the motives they included. Th e fi ndings deepen our understanding of the importance of travel distance in tourism as an aspect that diff erentiates impacts of travel intention antecedents and generates diff erent sets of travel motives for long-haul and short-haul travelling of tourists.


Underground mining has entered the deep;in complex mining environment,reasonable support formulation is the key factor of production to ensure the mine safety.In the paper,the size parameters of the arch axis and arch highness for arch support are optimized.Through analysis,the optimal formulation of arch support should ensure that the reasonable arch axis could coincide with the pressure curve,the reasonable arch highness hm=0.66a~0.866a,and the optimal formulation is the similar ellipse whose height-to-span ratio is 0.75/2.The results show that with the same capacity,the similar ellipse can save the construction material less than three centered arch about 20%,reduce the masonry and excavation costs by 15%;and the similar ellipse can save the driving engineering quantity and construction material about 40% to round arch,reduce the excavation costs by 30%.


Surface Fe ensembles, surface alloyed Fe atoms, and subsurface Fe species have been identified at Pt surfaces on the basis of studies in Fe–Pt(111) model systems and supported Pt–Fe nanoparticles (NPs). The surface Fe ensemble changes to ferrous oxide and forms a highly active and stable "FeO-on-Pt" structure in preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2 (PROX), which, however, gets fully oxidized in CO oxidation in the absence of H2 (COOX) and becomes inactive in the reaction. The surface alloyed Fe remains stable under the H2-rich and O2-rich reaction conditions, which are active for both PROX and COOX reactions. Accordingly, highly efficient Pt–Fe catalysts for the PROX and COOX reactions can be prepared via mild reduction and/or acid leaching.


Until the Government adopted the compulsory 30 percent policy, the use of New Zealand professional services in major projects was not as great as had been hoped for. What use there was did little for New Zealand engineering in terms of technology transfer and it did not fully utilise the New Zealand resources available.


A series of ultrafine Ru−Zn catalysts have been prepared with direct reduction and hydroxide methods with various Ru/Zn ratios. Sodium borohydride was used as a reducing agent to avoid the agglomeration problem posed by the high reduction temperature when using hydrogen as a reducing agent. The preparation method has a great effect on the composition and surface area of the catalyst. The catalysts prepared with the hydroxide method gave a lower surface area. However, it showed high activity of benzene disappearance. The performance of Ru−Zn catalysts prepared with the hydroxide method display a more distinctive behavior in benzene hydrogenation upon variation of the atomic ratio of ruthenium to zinc. The catalysts prepared with the hydroxide method were more selective to cyclohexene than those prepared with the direct reduction method. The Ru/Zn ratio also has a great influence on the selectivity to cyclohexene.


Caenorhabditis elegans was applied as a pollution biosensor because of its small size, high fecundity and short generation time. Its mortality is a biomonitoring criterion which indicates the degree of pollution. In this study, both the mortality of the wild-type worm and the staining of a transgenic strain were used to test the quality of surface water samples from five stations in the Xiamen sea area. Comparison of both results show that mortality and staining were correlated. Using C.elegans stress-inducible transgenic worms as biosensors could shorten the testing time and improve the sensitivity of environmental monitoring.


This thesis consists of two parts. The first part is concerned with the narrow passage problem of path planners and the second part is concerned with the evaluation of real-time Linux derivatives in the context of robotic control. The first part presents a new variation of the probabilistic roadmap method (PRM). The new planner is called artificial potential biased PRM (APBPRM) and uses an artificial potential function to bias the distribution of nodes in order to increase the node density in difficult regions of the configuration space. Further the planner presented in this thesis uses a lazy evaluation scheme that makes it suitable for single query path planning problems. The second part presents a study and comparison of three real-time Linux derivatives, RT-Linux, RTAI and KURT. The operating systems are evaluated for their suitability as a robotic control system in an academic environment. The evaluation considers real-time performance (scheduling jitter), ease of installation and use, and the richness of the associated API. Finally some preliminary results of a control system implemented on RTAI and used to control a Puma 560 robotic manipulator are presented. Autonom vägplanering och realtidsstyrning En lösning till problemet med trånga passager för vägplanerare och en studie av realtidsoperativsystem, som bygger på Linux, för realtidsstyrning


In this dissertation, a high-frequency (HF) transformer isolated grid-connected power converter system with battery backup function is proposed for a small-scale wind generation system (less than 100 kW) using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system includes a main HF isolated DC/AC grid-connected converter and a bidirectional HF isolated DC/DC converter. Through literature survey and some comparative studies, a HF isolated DC/DC converter followed by a line connected inverter (LCI) is chosen as the grid-connected scheme. After reviewing several topologies which were used in such a DC/AC converter with an unfolding stage, a DC/AC grid-connected converter based on dualbridge LCL-type resonant topology is proposed. Through the control of the phaseshift angle between the two bridges, a rectified sinusoidal dc link current can be


The quality built into machine tool equipment is a function of rigorous controls and attention to detail by manufacturers. Quality measures taken by the manufacturers often include the implementation of quality assurance programs. The physical production quality measures of their equipment are well known; however, measuring software quality is only just beginning to be of interest to both manufacturers and users. Several machine tool controller manufacturers were interviewed to gain a better understanding of what, if any, embedded software quality assurance measures are being used by the machine tools industry. Additionally, interviews were conducted with several major machine tool users to get their perspectives. It was determined that while manufacturer's support ISO 9000 certification for their manufacturing processes, they do not certify the controller software component. Furthermore, it was consistent among those users interviewed that a strategic advantage existed for the manufacturer that offers certification of the controller software/firmware.


An exact current/voltage relation on the basis of the conventional tunnel diode model is derived. The characteristics usually given are approximate, and the differences are illustrated graphically. The approximate evaluation of the characteristic is liable to lead to errors. This is illustrated by reference to recent work.


Abstract In this article, Berber-Arabic code-switching is studied in a corpus of informal conversations recorded between 1990 and 2010 in Imouzzar in the Middle Atlas (Morocco). Among native speakers of Berber, Moroccan Arabic is the language used in the public domain, while Berber is used at home. It is shown that Berber-Moroccan Arabic code-switching is relatively rare in these conversations. Intersentential code-switching can mostly be explained from specific events in the conversation. Intrasentential insertion of Berber materials into Arabic discourse is extremely rare. The inverse is much more common, but here Standard Arabic seems to play a more important role than Moroccan Arabic, with the exception of adverbs and adverbial expressions.


Social development is about improving the well-being of every individual in society so they can reach their full potential. Human development is about expanding the quality of human life by focusing on people, their opportunities and choices rather than simply the quality of the economy in which we live. The objective of this paper was to examine the management techniques that can be used in an organization by applying Morgan's "images" as it relates to the history of management thought, represented by major schools of thinking (such as scientific management). Also, this paper discusses Microsoft Corporation using four of Morgan's organizational metaphors (organization as a culture, machine, organism, and brain) and how these images can be useful to managers, the consequences of stakeholder relations, and their views of organizations in an environment of sustainability. Main advantages, pitfalls, and possible future research are discussed. metaphors is a descriptive analysis of the images of organizations and the eight basic metaphors that were stated in Morgan's book, its implications for management, how these images might help one understanding as a manager and the consequences of these images on stakeholder relationship with the organization.


Individual participant data meta‐analyses (IPD‐MA) are increasingly used for developing and validating multivariable (diagnostic or prognostic) risk prediction models. Unfortunately, some predictors or even outcomes may not have been measured in each study and are thus systematically missing in some individual studies of the IPD‐MA. As a consequence, it is no longer possible to evaluate between‐study heterogeneity and to estimate study‐specific predictor effects, or to include all individual studies, which severely hampers the development and validation of prediction models.


A computational technique of comparative evaluation of polymer material quality in a homogeneous set of samples according to a complex geometric criterion is proposed. Samples of physical and mechanical parameters of samples of industrial impact-resistant polystyrene are used for calculation. The most averaged complex of physical and mechanical properties is used as the calculation base.


New Paper: A critical assessment of the new health care procurement rules in the UK* The recently adopted UK National Health Service (Procurement, Patient Choice and Competition) (No. 2)…


As the gap between processor and memory speeds continues to widen, methods for evaluating memory system designs before they are implemented in hardware are becoming increasingly important. One such method, trace-driven memory simulation, has been the subject of intense interest among researchers and has, as a result, enjoyed rapid development and substantial improvements during the past decade. This article surveys and analyzes these developments by establishing criteria for evaluating trace-driven methods, and then applies these criteria to describe, categorize, and compare over 50 trace-driven simulation tools. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches and show that no single method is best when all criteria, including accuracy, speed, memory, flexibility, portability, expense, and ease of use are considered. In a concluding section, we examine fundamental limitations to trace-driven simulation, and survey some recent developments in memory simulation that may overcome these bottlenecks.


Anelastic creep curves of [110] symme rical tilt boundaries with mis-orientation angles 60°and 153.4°in aluminium bicrystals has been measured in torsion. It was found that the relaxation strength associated with the boundary becomes zero below a temperature T0 which has a value of about one half of the melting temperature Tm of bulk aluminium. This shows that a perceptible change of the internal structure of the grain boundary has taken place around this temperature.


Magnetic SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4 solid superacids were prepared by introduction of Al2O3 and magnetic substrates via the chemical co-precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, TG-DSC, Mossbauer, TEM, and HRTEM. The results indicate that the introduction of magnetic substrates endows the material with the superparamagnetism property. Additionally, the introduced Al2O3 and Fe3O4 are finely dispersed throughout the matrix of the ZrO2, which plays an important role in hampering the development of diffusion mass transfer and movement of the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the introduction of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 also delays the phase transition from tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia, which improves the sintering temperature. The TEM image indicates that the samples show well-defined crystallographic faces with average size of 32 nm. The HRTEM shows that the interplanar spacing is d(101)= 0.29 nm. The sample calcined at 600 ℃ is estimated to have Ho-13.8, which is stronger than that of H2SO4 (Ho=-11.93). Furthermore, the introduction of magnetic field improves the conversion of citric acid in the synthesis of tributyl citrate over magnetic SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4 solid superacids.


Determination of vanillylmandelic(VMA) and Creatinine(CR) in random urine was performed by capillary zone electrophoresis.The effets of some important factors including the running buffer,the separation voltage and the inner diameter of capillary on the separation were investigated.Under the optimum conditions,vanillylmandelic and Creatinine was separated and detected in 13 min.The linear ranges of VMA and CR were 0~500 and 0~4 000 μmol/L,and the detection limits were 1.0 μmol/L for VMA and 50.0 μmol/L for CR.The relative standard deviations(n=10) of migration time and peak atea of VMA and CR were 0.57%、0.45% and 3.78%、2.78%,respectively.No obvious interference caused by other compounds in human urine such as catecholamines,5-hydroxytryptamine and albumen was observed.The method was applied to the determination of VMA and CR in random urine with satisfactory results.


a pity that neither the translator nor the publishers took the opportunity to bring the Bibliography (pp. 310 f.) up to date. True, it is a highly selective bibliography but the following works, at least, should have been added: J. Jeremías, The Lord's Prayer ("Facet Books," Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1964) ; K. G. Kuhn, Achtzehngebet und Vaterunser und der Reim ("Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament," No. 1; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1950) ; and "Temptation, Sin and Flesh," in The Scrolls and the New Testament (ed. K. Stendhal), !957> PP· 94'3l τ · w Manson, "The Lord's Prayer," Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 38 (1955/56), PP· 9 9 " I ] C 3 J 436-448. The Jeremías work contains further bibliographical material.


I question the findings of the meta-analysis by Sunderland et al 1 and the content of the associated editorial by Burge and Lewis.2 The meta-analysis has drawn from available long term data from randomised controlled studies (RCTs) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD). The whole purpose of meta-analysis is to analyse such data systematically to answer a question. This study seems to use the data selectively to demonstrate an effect. Another recent meta-analysis—in my …


Image-based rendering (IBR) is a technique for synthesizing arbitrary views of real scenes from a set of pre-acquired images. We have proposed a real-time IBR system using a lens array, which can capture thousands of multiple viewpoint images of a 3D scene. The quality of synthesized images depends on the configuration of the optical system, but detailed analysis based on optics has not been proposed. In this paper, we formulate the upper limit of the spatial frequency captured by the optical system by analyzing the blurring effect and the sampling effect on the image sensor. Based on this result, the trade-off relationship between several system features is clarified, which is applicable to the configuration of the capturing system. We examine our theory by experiment using the actual system.


Assessment is an important component of education especially in the context of the learning and teaching environment. In higher education, assessment is the heart of formal education. Nowadays, technology plays an important role in the assessment process. Therefore, using technology development has an impact on improving the assessment system. Focus on the using of electronic assessment (e-assessment) systems is increasingly developing at the higher education level. Technological developments have led to a shift in concepts and ways of assessing moving from face-to-face assessment to digital-based assessment, namely an end-to-end assessment process using ICT. E-assessment system is provides many benefits for the effectiveness and efficiency of learning in higher education for lecturers, students and institutions. Many e-assessment models are developed to meet various objectives, especially in the purpose of educational learning. However, there are many challenges in its process and application. This paper aims to provide an example of e-assessment system application, describe challenges in the use of e-assessment systems in higher education based on literature, journals and research results and provide recommendations on how to deal with all of these challenges so that the assessment objectives can be achieved. The method that used is to figure out and describe qualitatively. Overall conclusion is the e-assessment system has become one of the requirements in higher education with many models. There are still many questions for lecturers, students and institutions that pose challenges in the application of e-assessments related to validity and reliability, accuracy, fairness, security, infrastructure and human resources. Based on this fact then the recommendation of these challenges in the successful implementation of e-assessment in higher education are paying attention to the characteristics of e-assessment, designing assessments according the needs, and creating a complete and accessible assessment system for all.


The speed and position state equation of the indoor robot positioning based on the traditional MSCKF algorithm needs to integrate the measurement data of the accelerometer in the IMU which causes the drift and cumulative errors, and its accelerometer is always interfered by gravity. Aiming at this problem, this study proposes an improved MSCKF algorithm. Under the premise of not using the accelerometer sensors, the improved MSCKF utilizes the advantages of wheel odometer sensors which measure the amount of translation more accurately, fuses the data of the wheeled odometer with the data of the gyroscope in the IMU, and improves the state equation of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for MSCKF algorithm. First, the improve posture equation of the EKF is obtained by using the angular velocity data of the gyro sensor. Then, after combining the translation data of the wheel odometer sensor with the rotation information of the posture equation, the improve velocity and position equation of the EKF are obtained. Finally, the MSCKF and its improved algorithm are implemented on the Robot Operating System (ROS), and verified in an indoor scene with the Turtlebot2 robot. The experimental results show that the improved MSCKF algorithms' motion trajectory is closer to the real trajectory, and its positioning accuracy is also improved. Compared to the average closed-loop error which is 0.429 m, its average closed-loop error is 0.348 m.


Multicast over wireless medium is considered for multimedia service such as YouTube and NetFlix. However, the multicast frames are sent in a low data rate without the feedback in IEEE 802.11. The low data rate of multicast causes performance anomaly problem. In this paper, we propose a feedback overhead reduction scheme to guarantee the reliable multicast, and to sustain the high throughput in recent IEEE 802.11. In our proposed scheme, multicast members send acknowledgement frames when they miss data frames. Multicast data frames are retransmitted according to the acknowledgment. The attempt to shrink the overhead for the feedback allows the opportunity to transmit more data. In simulations, our proposed scheme alleviates the degradation of the network throughput according to the increase of the multicast group size.


We describe a CMOS neural net chip with a reconfigurable network architecture. It contains 32,768 binary, programmable connections arranged in 256 'building block' neurons. Several 'building blocks' can be connected to form long neurons with up to 1024 binary connections or to form neurons with analog connections. Single- or multi-layer networks can be implemented with this chip. We have integrated this chip into a board system together with a digital signal processor and fast memory. This system is currently in use for image processing applications in which the chip extracts features such as edges and corners from binary and gray-level images.


Cooperative platooning has been proposed as a promising solution to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. A platooning application forms road trains of vehicles that autonomously follow a common leader, separated by a small inter-vehicle gap. In terms of traffic efficiency, platooning should improve the vehicular flow and reduce shock waves. The latter are the cause of start-and-stop dynamics which, besides disrupting traffic flow, can lead to accidents. The aim of this poster is to analyze, by means of simulations, the impact of platoons on both the traffic flow and the formation of shock waves.


Political observers have repeatedly cautioned that the development and expansion of government institutions would undermine the operation of liberal democracy. Thus, Max Weber was a "liberal in despair" because of his fear that the rationalization of the government's administrative capacity would infringe on personal and political liberties. The recent development of accurate public opinion surveys and sophisticated public relations techniques has intensified the tension between the government's institutional development and the operation of liberal democracy. Instead of exerting outright administrative domination, liberal democratic governments have developed the capacity during the twentieth century to manipulate the public in order to create consent and even enthusiastic support for their actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine, in the American and British contexts, the recent development of government capacity to track and influence public opinion. Attention will be focused on the perspective of American and British policymakers toward the public as they gained this capacity.' In particular, did this new capacity bolster liberal democracy by encouraging government responsiveness? Or did it undermine genuine popular control by enabling elite manipulation of public preferences? In short, how has the development of modem government affected policymakers' relationship to the mass public?


The instrument for measuring the mass flow rate of gas is provided, the regimen device includes a conduit which gas flows in use, the conduit has a flow restriction orifice for generating a choke flow in use, the flow restrictor orifice conduit dividing the downstream portion of the downstream of the upstream portion and the orifice upstream of the orifice, the regimen instrument, first crystal oscillator in said upstream portion such that the first piezoelectric oscillator when using the instrument is in contact with said gas , further comprising a sensor assembly including a second crystal oscillator in the downstream portion as a second piezoelectric oscillator when using the instrument is in contact with the gas, the sensor assembly comprises a first crystal oscillator and a second of each piezoelectric crystal oscillator drives the first crystal oscillator and a second crystal oscillator to resonate at a respective resonant frequency, the resonant periphery of the first piezoelectric oscillator The resonant frequency of the number and the second piezoelectric oscillator is measured, and, from the resonance frequency of the resonant frequency and the second piezoelectric oscillator of the first piezoelectric oscillator, adapted to determine the mass flow rate of gas through said orifice there.


Realizing the data processing and analysis of the modern voltage transformer characteristic must solve the serial communication problems of the PC and DSP.Introduces the serial communication between DSP and PC based on Visual Basic6.0,and builds the serial communication system structure of the two.Provides the serial communication method between DSP and PC through the concrete instance.The result indicates that this method is simple,effective and powerful,and realizes the communication between the PC and DSP conveniently.The drawing lessons from is high.


Results: Sixty percent of patients had pain in both shoulder and hip girdles with 10.6 weeks of duration, 75.9 32.7 of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and 6.2 6.4 of C-reactive protein. The rate of relapse and remission at 1 year was 38.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The rate of overall relapse was 46.1%, and the relapse occurred mostly in a year, especially between 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. There were more female in relapse group (88.9%, P = 0.037) and cumulative steroid dose of 1 year was significantly higher in relapse group (5.5 2.7 g versus 4.4 2.5 g, P = 0.018). Independent risk factors for relapse were initial CRP ‡2.5 mg/dL (OR 6.296, P = 0.047) and the use of hydroxychloroquine (OR 6.798, P = 0.035). Initial dosage or tapering speed of steroid did not influence on prognosis.


People that have driven a car with a trailer at high speed know that the trailer can begin to oscillate. This oscillation is known as snake behavior. How much the car and trailer starts to oscillate depends on how the trailer is loaded. An empty trailer does not tend to oscillate, while a heavy loaded trailer, with the load centered over the trailer axle, oscillates more easily. For a normal person driving a car and trailer which has started to oscillate, it is not possible to reduce the oscillations in any other way then to lower the speed. A car with AFS (Active Front Steering) can use the steering angle of the front wheels as a counter reaction to the oscillation, and prevent an accident to occur. For analysis and controller derivation a kinetic model for the car and trailer is derived. Two sorts of controllers are investigated, a linearized model of the system is used to derive a linear controller and linearization feedback with a linear controller. Controlling on the car's yaw rate, the car-trailer angle and the time derivative of the car-trailer angle is tested. Only controlling on the car's yaw rate worked well while controlling the car-trailer angle and it's time derivative did not work, probably because the reference value calculations was not good enough. The system was implemented in a development car and evaluated at a test track, performing normal driving situations at high speeds. The test results clearly showed that the controller worked as expected, and that almost all oscillations were damped. (Less)


Nasal endoscopy is integral to the evaluation of sinonasal disorders. However, prior studies have shown significant variability in the interrater agreement of nasal endoscopy interpretation among practicing rhinologists. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the interrater agreement of nasal endoscopy among otolaryngology residents from a single training program at baseline and following an educational intervention.


Aiming at the simulation problem of three dimensional track and column braiding preforms,braiding scheme is introduced to depict the braiding mode based on the basic braiding principle.The braiding process is translated to a mathematic operation,then the movement of track and column braiding is simulated.The thread path is described by Bezier curve,thus the 3-D braiding preforms is derived using computer graphics technique.This paper brings forward a new way for braided fabric structure simulation for three dimensional track and column braiding preforms,and the complicated simulation problem is solved.Finally,simulations of regular and irregular sections of braiding preforms structures are conducted and the results prove that the method is of availability.


This work deals with a novel and efficient method for determining self and mutual impedances of a system of electric or magnetic dipoles in proximity of a slot on a ground plane, backed by a rectangular waveguide. The method, which is based on recent results on the radiation modes of open waveguides of non-separable cross-section, can easily accomodate a multiplicity of sources and receivers of finite dimensions.


Abstract Biography (hereinafter construed to also include autobiography) is an attempt to reconstruct a life through various biographic means, ranging from, amongst others, access to (archival) records, documents, interviews etc. These fragmentary pieces are of necessity not representative of an 'entire' life but constitute some of the component parts which the biographer must use to construct a life. Consequently, the process of biographic writing has an intrinsic, built-in flaw, that is, it is impossible to 'rewrite' a life perfectly. Even the notion of perfection is flawed, precisely because what constitutes a life has no inherent definition, life being composed of both visible, and invisible (psychological and spiritual) dimensions, the latter not being readily accessible or available to interrogation because they reside in a non-physical space unless the subject makes this material available through, for example, writing their thoughts down or disclosing them in conversation (at the time, for example, of an interview).Thus, this essay reflects on precisely the difficult journey of (re)constructing a life and creating, like film adaptations of novels do, a particular, nuanced biographic offering that coincides with what perhaps is the biographer's first goal, merely to 'write' about somebody, but which, inevitably, becomes more than just a one-dimensional excavation of personal history, and instead, evolves, not unlike narrative fiction, into a dynamic weaving together of mini-narratives into a story-world, replete with protagonist, multiple characters and a life trajectory. I shall also draw on the works of various experts on biography, such as, Biography as High Adventure: Life writers speak on their art (ed. Stephen B. Oates), Beyond memory: recording the history, moments and memories of South African music (Max Mojapelo and Sello Galane) and Metaphors of Self (James Olney), among others, to help articulate my journey and its unique challenges..


Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by apical displacement of the Tricuspid valve leaflets leading to Tricuspid Regurgitation. Here we report the successful management of a case of a patient with Ebstein's anomaly who underwent Defunctioning Tranverse Colostomy. Given the complexity of Ebstein's anomaly and the potential for associated cardiac abnormalities, it is crucial to have a multidisciplinary team involved in the patient's care.


International connectivity in Africa is moving from scarcity to overcapacity, with growing competition between large private providers. Nevertheless, extending terrestrial networks and bringing greater bandwidth to customers is an increasingly complex matter, and the disparities between and within countries are considerable. The mobile phone is expanding to the detriment of fixed telephony, and broadband Internet is still not widespread. Liberalization is patchy (26 out of 54 existing companies are government-owned) and prices remain too high relative to the standard of living. The democratization of mobile telephony has generated a largely informal "new economy" and the African model of access through telecenters seems to be collapsing.


Many Chinese intellectuals highly respected Chinese traditional culture, and this "localization" has become one of the two major developments in Chinese academic. Qian Mu, a scholar who "devoted his life to searching for Chinese soul and spirit," was a leading scholar of "localization." moreover, his different academic backgrounds reflected the historical process of "localization" since "the reform and opening up" period. In the 1980s his cultural historian's background followed the route of "Culture Hot;" in the 1990s, as a master of Sinology, he was in line with "Sinology Hot." For the last decade, as the "localization" gradually integrated with "westernization", Qian Mu's dual identity of being a master of Sinology and a great educator at Hong Kong and Taiwan was still line with the trend. Thus, Qian Mu can be regarded as a miniature of the "localization" process in Chinese thoughts during the last three decades.


This article speculates about the fate of the Channel Tunnel and the proposed London Rail Link (CTRL). Eurotunnel officials are optimistic, but the reality is that financing CTRL will be considered risky until the Channel Tunnel's future is assured. Bids have been received for CTRL and the government plans to select one later this year to build, own, and operate the high-speed rail connection. As for Eurotunnel's maneuvers to keep afloat, the article reports claims against British and French railroads. In addition, Eurotunnel plans to refinance some of its debt over the next 5 or 6 years.


This paper discusses how to use stories to promote beginning communication and language in students with severe communication and/or cognitive impairments. It describes a layering approach for building emergent literacy and augmentative and alternative communication skills. This layering approach is used with professional staff to introduce strategies or layers of facilitation techniques including technology in a gradual manner. The approach is designed to allow consultants to address the needs of a broad range of students, reinforce layers that already exist within a particular classroom or program, and/or compliment or move the facilitator to the next level or layer of implementation techniques. The paper begins by providing general philosophies on using stories to support language and literacy development and then describes the following layers for implementing aided-language stimulation techniques: (1) supported story retelling; (2) supported story readings; (3) supported story retelling; (4) independent story readings; (5) supported story construction; and (6) skill development, including word matching, phrase matching, phonemic awareness, and recognizing punctuation. Strategies for using books for learning in inclusive settings are also addressed. (Contains 11 references.) (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Using Stories to Promote eginning Communication/ Language and Emergent Literacy Learning U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION E UCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. D Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. o Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy. Pati King-DeBaun, M.S. CCC-SLP Creative Communicating It is often difficult if not impossible to change a teachers curriculum if you are the "outside consultant. Many professionals in the field of augmentative communication find themselves in this role. New perspectives on using stories will be presented with an emphasis on a layering approach for building emergent literacy, language and AAC. Goossens (1999) uses "layering" as an approach for implementing aided-language stimulation techniques within classrooms. This layering approach is an excellent way to introduce stories in classrooms who have students with severe communication and / or cognitive impairments. This layering approach is used with professional staff to introduce strategies or layers of facilitation techniques including technology in a gradual manner. With this approach the consultant is able to address the needs of a broad range of students, reinforce layers that already exist within a particular dassroom or program and/ or compliment or move the facilitator to the next level or layer of implementation techniques. This presentation will demonstrate the use of "layering" to implement emergent literacy and beginning communication skills across a broad spectrum of story related activities. General Philosophies on Using the Stories 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Repeated Readings When children are allowed to select the stories to read with partners, they frequently choose to read the same ones over and over again, sometimes fatiguing parents or other reading partners. A review of the literature suggests that repetition is a very productive strategy in supporting language and literacy development. Story reenactments are very important in literacy development, giving children the opportunity to establish and practice powerful strategies that they will later use in mature readings (Holdaway, 1979). With this research in mind and based on clinical practice, I suggest reading the stories in this manual daily for three or four weeks. Will repeated readings bore children? They are more likely to bore the adult. Research supports the idea that, given a choice, young children prefer multiple readings of their favorite stories than the "Book-of-the-Day" approach. A retrospective survey by Light and Kelford-Smith (1993) found that preschool children who used AAC systems to communicate had fewer opportunities for repeated readings than their peers without disabiliBEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 ties. They theorized that children without disabilities typically select their own books for storybook reading, while mothers generally initiate storybook sessions with children using AAC and therefore pick the books. When children choose books, they often pick familiar books, since they know the story and can anticipate their roles. Storybook Centered Thematic Approach Based on studies showing positive results from interactive, repeated storybook readings, many facilitators develop natural learning activities based on storybook themes (Hoggan & Strong, 1994; King-DeBaun, 1990; Norris & Hoffman, 1995a, 1995b). Musselwhite and King-DeBaun (1997), distinguish between two basic categories of books based on how they are used: The first category is books for literacy/ language learning. These books, which carry the theme, should be used for repeated reading experiences, developing literacy-related extension activities, and communication/ language learning goals. The second category is books for enjoyment/ enrichment. They tend to be more traditional popular and classic children's stories. They include books intended to enrich the curriculum, help develop world knowledge, and support the current books for literacy / language learning. These books are not offered for multiple readings, unless the children request them. In keeping with the concept of storybook-centered thematic learning, each unit is organized around a core storybook (or books) from which are drawn thematically related learning activities and a range of learning goals. In this approach, the facilitator uses a set of vocabulary words derived from the target story for most activities throughout the day. This technique offers children with low verbal skills and children with limited access to vocabulary, including augmentative communicators, opportunities to learn the new vocabulary, to use it in a variety of situations, and to experience success in daily activities. Such an approach increases children's comfort and confidence, since familiar vocabulary appears for multiple activities, rather than new vocabulary being attached to each activity, as happens when the facilitator has a series of unrelated learning activities. Implementing Storytime Goossens (1999) uses "layering" as an approach for implementing aided-language stimulation techniques. This layering approach is an excellent way to introduce storytime in classrooms. LAYER 1: Supported Story Retelling The facilitator should use "stories for enjoyment/ enrichment" The facilitator should concentrate on the content of the stories The facilitator should expect children to participate by inserting small parts or pieces of the story. (For example in The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Bill Martin Jr., the children would insert the different fruits, colors. or days of the week. In Chica,Chica ABC by Bill Martin Jr. and John Archambault, children can insert the repeated phrase "Chica, chica boom boom.")


In an article first published in 1973, K.C. Chang wrote: "It is no accident that it is the French anthropologists . . . who are working hard to make the study of the culinary art anthropologically respectable." In the course of my studies I have noticed that in blood sacrifices, parts of the flesh of the victims are treated in different ways. Levi-Strauss's The Raw and the Cooked taught me to pay attention to the differences in cooking and to the anthropological importance of food, and to regard all information dealing with cooking in sacrifice as signposts to more general conceptions. More recently, other French scholars—Detienne and Vernant for the Greek world, and Malamoud for Vedic India—have studied the culinary aspect of sacrifice. Guided by these examples, I propose to pursue the topic of the ritual elaborations that concern cooking (what is cooked and what is not) in sacrifices mentioned in late Zhou and Han textual sources.


This study aimed to discover how nurses have exercised patient advocacy in the hospital context. A qualitative, exploratory- descriptive research was carried...


According to the motive equation of forced oscillation with single degree of freedom,emulation plays to show of harmonic oscillation, damped oscillation and forced oscillation can be realized by making use of the "desolve" order and the design function of the GUI on the MATLAB 6.


(1996). The devolution of the Irish economy in the nineteenth century and the bifurcation of Irish sport. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 42-60.


Nowadays distributed real-time systems are very common in different areas and have many applications. Increasing need to exchange information among distributed and heterogeneous applications, the need for faster development, simplicity of design and implementation, software reuse and coordination problems are the major factors that lead to the design and implementation of middleware architectures in this field. For this purpose, different Quality of Service parameters such as reliability, extendibility, low latency, etc. must be considered. The current survey shows the state of the art of the various researches in this domain by providing and discussing the architecture and the features of major middlewares for distributed real-time systems.


Objective: Background: Emil Kraepelin's intuitive use of just 2 (of 6) triple phasic current curves in Fig. 228 to illustrate Weygandt's T-A-M-model (1899) of mixed BPAD can be traced to a harmonic oscillator (as in LCcircuit or spring pendulum) generated by a cycling approach vector (Treviranus, 2006). While the corners of the cube map 2 3 classical mixed states (and certain emotions), the cycle maps repetitive approach waves: defaultZ cellular needZ appetitive plans on T-axisZ ecologic encounter on A-axisZ consumptionZ default.


Non‐isothermal processes in nanometric metallic multilayers are reviewed, both experimentally and theoretically. The Ni/Al nanofoil is considered as a model system. On the one hand, the experimental methods of elaboration and analysis are presented and, on the other hand, the modeling approach at the macroscopic and atomic scale. The basic experimental features are reported together with recent achievements. Molecular dynamics investigation of the reactivity of Ni/Al systems is reported for bulk systems and nanosystems including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofilms, and multilayers. The focus is on atomic‐scale modeling versus experiments. Molecular dynamics approaches allow us to elucidate the mechanisms of non‐isothermal processes occurring in nanoscale systems, such as phase transformations and self‐propagation reactions.


In the world where there are so many real-life problems for those undergone limb loss, it is necessary to work for it. The main aim of this project was to research, analyze, and execute the design required for a myoelectric prosthetic hand. The current commercial prosthetics for the upper limb are mostly open-loop devices. Several problems arise from the use of such open-loop devices due to its working capabilities. In this project ways of improving prosthetic devices is shown the problems involving these prosthetic devices are tackled in this report.


Road rage has been an escalating issue for many decades. Research has found many factors that correlate or predict instances of road rage, such as, gender, personality type, distance driven on average, types of roads driven on, and vehicle type. We designed this study to determine if empathy correlated with aggressive driving behaviors and driving attitudes. We also wanted to determine if larger vehicles can predict road rage behaviors and attitudes. To test our hypotheses, we designed a packet of questionnaires that measured participant's empathy level, driving behaviors, and driving attitudes. A correlation test was used to determine if empathy was negatively correlated with driving attitudes and driving behaviors and a regression test to determine if larger vehicles can predict aggressive driving behaviors and attitudes. No correlation between empathy and driving behaviors or attitudes was found. Also, vehicle size did not predict negative driving behaviors or attitudes.


A vehicle includes an engine, a transmission and a controller that executes a process. The transmission includes a clutch having an actuator that applies the clutch using a position-based control logic. In addition, the transmission including a fluid pump and a solenoid valve with variable force or another solenoid valve of the clutch is downstream of the pump and upstream positioned. The valve outputs a flow rate (Q) for a respective Solenoidsteuerstrom (I). The controller adjusts a calibrated characteristic table of Q via I of the valve for different transmission temperatures by applying the position control signals to the actuator of the various gear temperatures and recording one or more nodes that describe the corresponding Solenoidsteuerstrom (I) in a condition of the flow rate to zero, to. The controller calculated using the recorded one or more nodes an offset value for the Solenoidsteuerstrom (I), applies the offset value to the parameter table and controls the clutch using the adapted characteristic table.


Sphere decoding(SD)is an efficient algorithm which has been proposed in Multiple input Multiple output (MIMO) digital communication. Sphere decoding algorithm is based on the rule of maximum likelihood decoding algorithm, But SD algorithm does not like ML algorithm to retrieve all of the lattice. However, SD in some environment complexity is very high. The complexity of the SD is controlled by radius and play a critical role in identifying the correct point in the lattice. So, choose a fit initial radius for SD is important. In this paper, we present a new initial radius selection scheme for the SD. The scheme based on the constellation modulation type and the target bit error rate(BER) and in reducing radius at the same time to ensure that at least one point in the sphere. Through the simulation analysis, the scheme computational complexity is lower than conventional SD algorithm.


Abstract: Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) offer breakthrough functionality in user interfaces by enabling freely programmable surface shapes. Furthermore the technology offers advantages in low energy consumption and costs on the one hand and flexibility on the other. However, DEAs require high driving voltages, which are challenging to realize, especially in mobile devices. The main challenge addressed in this thesis is the development of electronics which generate those high voltages (HV) in an efficient way, based on a battery voltage. The requirements of the electronics, with respect to both the actuator characteristics and the mobility have been worked out and considered during a systematic design process. Universal building blocks with different functions were used. The final circuit architecture was selected from a shortlist of appropriate concepts based on space, efficiency and cost requirements. The result is a very flexible circuit structure, which can be easily customized to drive different actuator setups. The concept is optimized to drive both multilayer-setups by supplying an alternating voltage (switched DC), as well as single layer actuators with a DC voltage. The architecture consists of three stages (switched-mode power supply, electromagnetic transformer and multiplier cascade) to increase a battery input voltage of 3.7 V to the needed HV. An H-bridge is integrated to adjust the output voltage amplitude by pulse width modulation. PhotoMOS relays are used to generate the alternating output voltage. The actuators may be driven with a DC signal or a rectangular voltage with variable frequency by controlling the PhotoMOS relays. Finally, the selected concept has been realized and tested by driving the actuators. For the alternating voltage mode five outputs have been realized. In this mode, the actuators can be driven with a maximum peak voltage of 800 V. Under these conditions the switched-mode power supply provides a current of 166 mA at 5 V. For the DC-mode output, the circuit supplies a maximum voltage of approximately 3.2 kV. To control the electronics a program in LabVIEW was implemented. The operator can adjust the amplitude and the frequency (AC-mode: 40-400 Hz) of the selected output via a graphical user interface. An advantageous aspect of the realized concept is the fact that the AC Signal is generated just before the output by switching a DC voltage. As a result, the transformer and the multiplier circuit can be driven with their optimal specific operation frequency, independent of the AC output frequency. The circuit is also expandable to more independently switchable outputs by simply adding switching elements. Furthermore, the supply voltage is not restrained to symmetrical signals. By controlling the switching elements, any kind of rectangular pattern can be supplied. In this way versatile patterns of vibro-tactile stimuli can be offered to the user.


The study focused on foreign aid, decentralization, and local administration to examine the gap in service delivery in Rumbek County, South Sudan. The study's goals were to investigate the connections between foreign assistance and service provision, the connections between foreign assistance, local governance, and service provision, and the study factor structure between foreign assistance, decentralization, local governance, and service provision. The study population consisted of 75,000 respondents, and the research style was a case study and descriptive research design. It used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to gather data from this population. The sample of 382 respondents was chosen using simple random sampling. Only 352 were considered for analysis. The descriptive analysis option of SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data before it was presented using Spearman's correlation, multiple regression, and factor structure loadings to show the relationship and prediction for international aid, decentralization, local governance, and service delivery, respectively. The major findings of the study were that there is a significant positive correlation between; foreign aid and service delivery (r = 0.728, P-value < 0.01), decentralization and service delivery (r = 0.544, P-value < 0.01), local governance and service delivery (r = 0.776, P-value < 0.01) and foreign aid, decentralization and local governance influenced 62.9% the level of service delivery. The study suggests that the county implements control measures to guarantee that funds are used for the proper purposes in the counties because research revealed that services were not worth the district budget. Adequate research should be conducted at the community level to identify services needed by the people to draw sufficient budgets for the implementation of foreign aid, decentralization, and local government.


The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of country personality dimensions and product involvement on European consumers purchase and...


Purpose

The huge demand for fresh goods has stimulated lots of research on the perishable food supply chain. The characteristics of perishable food and the cross-regional transportation have brought many challenges to the operation models of perishable food supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to address these challenges based on the real-time data acquired by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Design/methodology/approach

IoT and the modeling of the Supply Hub in Industrial Parks were adopted in the perishable food supply chain.

Findings

A conceptual model was established for the IoT-enabled perishable food supply chain with two-echelon supply hubs. The performance of supply chain has improved when implementing the proposed model, as is demonstrated by a case study.

Originality/value

By our model, the supply hubs which act as the dominators of the supply chain can respond to the real-time information captured from the operation processes of an IoT-enabled supply chain, thus to provide public warehousing and logistic services.


In this article the authors examine the problems that arise in the market of educational services of higher education according the WTO programs


We describe Microsoft Research Asia's approaches to the NTCIR-10 1CLICK-2 task. We construct the system based on some heuristic rules, and change the setting of our approaches to test the effectiveness of each setting. The evaluation results show the effectiveness of the query attributes.


In testing con ducted for Pajunk that compared the resistance of spinal needles to axia l forces. Sprotte needles end ured forces equal to or greater than those endu red by Whitacre needl es of equal size before bending or kinking. These tests differed from those repo ned by Lipov et aI.' in tha t the needl es we re clamped furt her back from th e orifice to duplicate bend ing (20 mm from the orifice) and kink ing (10 mrn), This experimental design may more closely mimic clinical practice. as in two instances pendl point needles bent not at the orifice but furth er down the shaft. Finally. Dr. G. Sprotte (persona l comm unication ) informed us of three cases of needle fracture (on e each in Germany. Italy. and the United States). He noted that the needles broke no t at the orifice but furth er down the shah. While we were not provided with complete details. Dr. Sprotte stated that "all cult'S associated with normal caution were thrown to the winds" in these cases. This information and our clinical experience have served to reinforce our ent husiasm for Sprotte needles.


Pica is a serious challenging behavior displayed by some persons with developmental disabilities. We report the near-elimination of automatically reinforced pica in a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with autism by having him practice an alternative response (discarding objects) contingent on attempted or actual pica. Intervention was implemented 6 hours per day, under naturalistic conditions in a school setting, with outcome maintained through a 4 month follow-up phase of evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An overview of the Danish tax consequences of methods to reconstruct the capital in Danish resident companies controlled by a non-resident company.


To meet the needs of the nozzle with high area ratio for large thrust upper-stage engine,a segmental design scheme for the nozzle is adopted,whose forepart is cooled by dump-cooling mode and end-piece by single-wall radiation cooling mode.Based on the heat transfer calculation of the dump-cooled forepart,the cooling characteristics and efficiency of single-wall end-piece with secondary flow was mainly studied.Numerical simulation of flow field shows that the high area ratio nozzle is feasible for single-wall metal nozzle extension(NE) with secondary flow.It is hopeful to protect the nozzle wall,and improve the nozzle efficiency.The interaction between secondary flow and main stream is analyzed.


Colour science is based on the sensation of monochromatic light. In contrast to that, surface colours are caused by reflection of wide sections of the daylight spectrum. Non-spectral colours like magenta and purple appear homologous to colours with spectral hue, if the approach of mixing monochromatic light is abandoned. It is shown that a large region of the colour space can be covered by mixing three primary colours derived from lossless spectral decomposition of daylight. These primaries are specified by hue, saturation and luminosity. Duality of additive and subtractive mixing is formulated quantitatively. Experimental demonstrations of calculated results are suggested. This paper is intended for undergraduate optics courses, and advanced interdisciplinary seminars on arts and physics.


1. Introduction and motivation 2. Spinors: Weyl, Dirac and Majorana 3. A simple supersymmetric Lagrangian, and a first glance at the MSSM 4. The supersymmetry algebra and supermultiplets 5. The Wess-Zumino model 6. Superfields 7. Vector (or gauge) supermultiplets 8. The MSSM 9. SUSY breaking 10. The Higgs sector and electroweak symmetry breaking in the MSSM 11. Sparticle masses in the MSSM 12. Some simple tree-level calculations in the MSSM References Index.


Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging has been widely developed and applied in many applications, such as, radar target recognition, autopilot and seaport ship surveillance, etc. However, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments may impede conventional range profiles-based translational motion compensation (TMC), causing image degradation. In this paper, a novel method combining profiles and phase is proposed which utilizes two-dimensional (2-D) coherent accumulation to overcome the low SNR problem, even when the range profiles are submerged into noise. The method only requires Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hadamard multiplication operations which renders it suitable for real-time applications. Simulation results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed TMC method compared with the state-of-art TMC methods.


: Foreign trade is one of the key sectors of national economy and to take into account when designing and implementing development programs and economic reform, also the foreign trade in general rreflects, the evolution of exports and imports with the outside world, and thus affect both production and consumption, investment and lead to recovery or contraction of the national economy. The problem of the study appear in increasing deficit in total and agricultural trade balance, with an uneven geographical distribution of the total and agricultural external trade. This study aimed to monitor the impact of the internal and external economic changes on the foreign trade sector, and identify the causes of the deficit in total and agricultural trade balance during the period 1982-2009. :


Controlled experiment, an approach that has been adopted from research methods in psychology, is now widely used in HCI. Design an effective controlled experiment is not necessarily easy, even for experienced researchers. Existing controlled experiment designing tools focused more on the process of designing, but they are often not intuitive and guided enough for less experienced users to use. In this demo paper, we introduce NexP (Next Experiment Tool), a web-based open-source tool for designing controlled experiments. NexP introduces a 5-step approach to guide users through the experimental design process, and helped them to better understand the experimental design process, making it both a useful and educational tool.


Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of platelet function caused by mutations in the genes coding for integrin αIIbβ3. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of newborns of GT mothers, with emphasis on thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations and their relation to maternal antiplatelet antibodies.


Whether the dislocation nucleation or the sudden dislocation multiplication dominates the incipient plastic instability during the nanoindentation of initial defect-free single crystal still remains unclear. In this work, the dislocation mechanism corresponding to the incipient plastic instability is numerically investigated by coupling discrete dislocation dynamics with the finite element method. The coupling model naturally introduces the dislocation nucleation and accurately captures the heterogeneous stress field during nanoindentation. The simulation results show that the first dislocation nucleation induces the initial pop-in event when the indenter is small, while for larger indenters, the incipient plastic instability is ascribed to the cooperation between dislocation nucleation and multiplication. Interestingly, the local dislocation densities for both cases are almost the same when the sudden load drop occurs. Thus it is inferred that the adequate dislocations generated by either nucleation or multiplication, or both, are the requirement for the trigger of incipient plastic instability. A unified dislocation-based mechanism is proposed to interpret the precipitate incipient plastic instability.


Federated learning (FL) has been proposed to train a global model by distributed architecture, while keeping the training data local. Owing to the large scale of clients in FL, all clients to participate in training is not feasible. The heterogeneity of clients, including system and data heterogeneity, also poses huge challenge to the client selection problem. Traditional client selection mechanisms can't handle these heterogeneities effectively, which lead to poor training efficiency. Hence, this paper comprehensively considers system and data heterogeneity to select clients and dynamically adjust the number of selected clients. For system heterogeneity, we build the latency model to predict the training time for selecting clients with best performance including CPU frequency, the size of dataset and transmission power. Besides, for data heterogeneity, the cluster model is established to cluster clients for alleviating the accuracy jitter owing to the non independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) dataset. We formulate the client selection problem aiming to minimize the overall training time on the premise of accuracy, and design the Federated Client Cluster and latency-Prediction Selection (FCCPS) algorithm to solve this problem. With extensive simulations, we show that the FCCPS algorithm can reduce the training time by up to 21% on Cifar-10 dataset and 13% on FashionMNIST dataset, as compared to FedAvg.


New, preliminary tau physics results are reported from tau-pair data acquired with the CLEO 11 detector operating at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. The tau m~s is measured as m, = 1777.6 + 0.9 + 1.5 MeV/cz by exploiting the kinematics of events in which both taus decay hadronicdly. The electronic branching fraction is determined to be B,=O. 1742+0.0015+0.0023 by counting di-electron tau-pair decays and normalizing to luminosity. Using a similar double-tag method, we me~ure the branching fraction for a single charged hadron h+ (rr* or K*) accompanied by exactly one rr" ~ B(h*~"v)= 0.2483+0.0015+0.0053. Branching fractions to h* accompanied by two, three, or four rr"'s, normalized to B(h*~"v), are also presented M 0.348 +0.006 +0.016, 0.042 +0.003 +0.004, and 0.006 +0.002 +0.002, respectively.


women, however-those whose names rarely appear in college catalogues or directories-are generally obscured. Housemothers, for example, if remembered at all, have been dismissed as grim spinsters or asexual widows who pinned to their shirtwaists the keys of the dormitory's front door, while the department secretary has been regarded as little more than the zealous protector of the beloved and overworked male professor.


Background: The prevalence of flatfeet in normal and obese children has not been studied well in the past. The prevalence of flatfoot and foot dimensions of school children in Taiwan were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: One thousand twenty-four school children (549 boys and 475 girls) aged 5 to 13 years participated in this study. Fifteen foot dimensions were measured using a 3D coordinate measuring probe, digital tape measure and Harris mat imprint. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the flatfoot and obesity effects on foot dimensions as well as on the change in foot size between weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions. Results: The prevalence of flatfoot for 5- to 13-year-old children was 28% with a decreasing trend with age. Boys had a significantly higher frequency for flatfoot than girls (chi-square = 26.3; p < 0.001). The prevalence of flatfoot was 35% in boys and 20% in girls. The percent of overweight and obese children was 20%. A significant difference in the prevalence of flatfoot occurred between normal-weight (27%), overweight (31%), and obese (56%) children (chi-square = 18.0; p < 0.001). The obesity effect was significant (p < 0.01) for most foot dimensions. However, the flatfoot effect was only significant (p < 0.05) on foot height for both genders. Conclusion: Obese children have a higher frequency of flatfoot, greater foot dimensions, and less change in foot width with weightbearing than normal weight children. Children with flatfeet have a lower foot height and greater foot length change than children with normal feet with weightbearing. Level of Evidence: III, Comparative Case Series


Most nonlinear eigenvalue problems are rational eigenvalue problems or can be approximated to rational eigenvalue problems. Bounds on the eigenvalues of matrix rational functions (also known as rational matrices) are less studied in literature compared to matrix polynomials. Our aim is to derive bounds on the eigenvalues of an arbitrary matrix rational function in terms of its poles. A bound is obtained as a root of a real rational function associated with a matrix rational function. In addition, a block matrix associated with this rational function is used to get explicit bounds on its zeros and in turn on the eigenvalues of matrix rational function. Bounds on the zeros of an arbitrary complex rational function are also obtained in this process.


This study sought to find out how commercial airlines are facilitating domestic tourism in Kenya. Domestic tourism involves locals visiting fun places, holiday destinations and entertaining centers for their own relaxation or fun activities within the national boundaries. The locals may decide to visit such places to get away from the usual pressure associated with work, monotony of daily living and time to bond with the family. Domestic tourism has seen a significant increase that has been caused by several external influences that have impacted on the consumers. Several organizations, both public and private sectors have encouraged domestic tourism by giving incentives to persons interested. In this paper data was collected from the print media. The aim of the study is to identify the means, in which commercial airlines use to reach the domestic tourist as well as ways that commercial airlines use to promote domestic tourism in Kenya. The study concluded that commercial airlines have largely employed print media to communicate to the consumers the following; reduction of fares, increased frequency of specific routes, and introduction of new routes. The advertisements are especially heavy during the period following long holidays, which shows that the airlines are appealing to the consumers who are working to take advantage of the period and travel to a different destination to unwind and also spend time with the family. Commercial airlines have greatly encouraged domestic tourism by offering reduced fares to popular destinations, and tour operators not wanting to be left behind offer discounted packages on air fare and accommodation during this season. Key words: Airlines, domestic tourism, print media


This article explores adversity and the lived experiences of Black women in higher education leadership. Using phenomenology, this study specifically explores how Black women in higher education leadership navigate the adverse challenges of intersectionality, stereotype threat, and tokenism. Black women in leadership undergo adversity including limited role models, the concrete ceiling, and the intersectionality of racism, sexism, and ageism, as well as tokenism. The current findings validate that Black women in higher education leadership experience adversity. Some of the more salient codes that emerged were discrimination such as racism, sexism, ageism, and the intersection of these challenges with identity, cultural diversity and belonging, resilience, and leadership callings. Referred to as "superwomen," Black women are resilient and strong. The results of this study reveal that Black women use adversity as fuel, thus helping them develop the necessary skills to prepare them for leadership. Their strength through adversity is driven by the resilience that has manifested as motivation factors such as family and relationships, mentorship and sponsorship, as well as the support of cultural identity and diversity. The current findings support the notion that adversity shapes Black women into leaders with an emphasis on higher education leadership.


Project studies analyze co-creation or co-destruction of value as different categories of interaction, based on their outcome. In this paper I propose a framework in which value interactions sit on a spectrum, ranging from more creative to more destructive, as collaborative persuasion strategies gradually become adversarial. This analytical framework can be useful for coding data and discussing findings with a more nuanced understanding of co-creation processes that embraces action that cannot be considered purely collaborative. The main contribution of this paper is to distinguish middle ground strategies that mix elements of collaborative and adversarial interactions to co-create value in complex stakeholder environments. The case study selected to illustrate the analytical framework was an electrification project of four offshore platforms in Norway.