In order to get a clear view of the future liabilities of Slovenia and Croatia regarding the long term management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel produced by the NPP Krško, an estimation of disposal cost for low and intermediate level waste (LILW) as well as for spent nuclear fuel is needed. This cost estimation represents the basis for defining the target value for the financial resources to be accrued by the two national decommissioning and waste disposal funds, as determined in the agreement between Slovenia and Croatia on the ownership and exploitation of the NPP Krško from March 2003, and for specifying their financial strategies. The one and only record of the NPP Krško spent fuel disposal costs was made in the NPP Krško Decommissioning Plan from 1996 [1]. As a result of incomplete input data, the above SF disposal cost estimate does not incorporate all cost elements. A new cost estimation was required in the process of preparation of the Joint Decommissioning and Waste Management Programme according to the provisions of the above mentioned agreement between Slovenia and Croatia. The basic presumptions and reference scenario for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel on which the cost estimation is based, as well as the applied methodology and results of cost estimation, are presented in this paper. Alternatives to the reference scenario and open questions which need to be resolved before the relevant final decision is taken, are also briefly discussed.


The article deals with new technologies of cheese-making in the Altai Region and some assortment strategies suitable for cheese-making enterprises.


Systems of nonlinear equations often represent mathematical models in engineering design. This study proposes a novel method for finding all solutions of systems of nonlinear equations with free variables. The original problem is first transformed into a global optimization problem whose multiple global minima with a zero objective value correspond to all solutions of the original problem. Then, by using variable substitution on free variables and applying convexification strategies and piecewise linearization techniques on nonconvex functions, the transformed optimization problem is reformulated as a convex mixed-integer program solvable to reach an approximately global optimum. An algorithm is developed to find all solutions of the reformulated problem. Numerical examples in real applications are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method in engineering design.


The situation and rationality of the school especially built for temporary migrant children have attracted more attentions.First the paper analyzes why the migrant children school comes into being,and then explores its existing rationality and the problems.The existing of the migrant children school is a special social phenomenon which is due to the backwardness of household registration and education systems.Finally,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions.


Positive baryon numbers (A>0) and positive lepton numbers (L>0) characterize matter particles while negative baryon numbers and negative lepton numbers characterize antimatter particles. Matter particles and antimatter particles belong to two distinct classes of particles. Matter neutral particles are particles characterized by both zero baryon number and zero lepton number. This third class of particles includes mesons formed by a quark and an antiquark pair (a pair of matter particle and antimatter particle) and bosons which are messengers of known interactions (photons for electromagnetism, W and Z bosons for the weak interaction, gluons for the strong interaction). The antiparticle of a matter particle belongs to the class of antimatter particles, the antiparticle of an antimatter particle belongs to the class of matter particles. The antiparticle of a matter neutral particle belongs to the same class of matter neutral particles. A truly neutral particle is a particle identical with its antiparticle; ...


Background
Lung function in the late postoperative phase after pulmonary lobectomy is insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to appraise lung function in the late postoperative phase according to vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy.

Methods
Pre- and postoperative VC and FEV1 were reviewed in 112 patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy. Postoperative lung volume was assessed >1 year after surgery. Postoperative decreases in VC and FEV1 were compared with preoperative predicted values among patients who underwent resection of specific lobe. Determinants effecting a decrease in lung function were also investigated.

Results
A mean postoperative decreased VC of 10.5%±1.8% was recorded in patients who underwent right upper lobectomy (RU), 7.2%±1.5% for right middle lobectomy (RM), 14.3%±2.3% for right lower lobectomy (RL), 16.6%±3.0% for left upper lobectomy (LU), and 14.7%±2.5% for left lower lobectomy (LL). Corresponding FEV1 values were 14.8%±1.8% for RU, 11.9%±4.0% for RM, 14.9%±2.3% for RL, 17.9%±2.9% for LU, and 15.1%±2.4% for LL. The actual decreasing rate of VC was overestimated in patients who underwent RU, RL, LU, and LL. In contrast, FEV1 was overestimated only in patients who underwent RL and LL. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibited significantly better preservation of FEV1.

Conclusions
Patients scheduled for RL and LL, or those with COPD, appeared to exhibit preserved lung function in the late postoperative phase after pulmonary lobectomy.


Condition of general anti-oxidant and free-radical blood activity of women with noncarrying of pregnancy of infectious genesis is revealed in the article. Electro-impulse therapy in complex treating the pregnant with urogenital infections provides greater improvement of parameters of chemiluminescent blood serum fluorescence against the traditional treatment.


I will introduce the texts with a few remarks on the geographical location of the provinces where they are found. Kola is a peninsula on the White Sea and part of the government of Archangel which extends along the Artic Sea from Finland to Siberia. Vologda lies south of Archangel, and Perm southeast of Vologda, both on the Siberian frontier. The three governments of Niži-Novgorod (Nižegorod), Vladimir and Tver follow each other (from the city that gives its name to the first) to a point between Moscow and Petersburg. The provinces of Kaluga, Tula, Tambov, Saratov and Astrachan extend from a point a little towards the south west of Moscow to the Northern extremity of the Caspian Sea; Voronež lies south of Tambov.


In 'New Voices for Social Democracy' some of Australia's best young writers, emerging opinion leaders and political players have their say about the direction for the centre-left in Australia in the 21st century. The book investigates the impact of neo-liberalism, globalisation, cultural diversity and post-modernism on contemporary Australia, portraying a society in search of a new centre of balance and identity.


Sir, Recently, data relating to waist circumference percentiles for Australian children aged 7 to 15 y were published [1]. These data are useful as measuring waist circumference is relatively simple and also correlates with truncal adipose tissue [2] as well as being associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors [3]. The calculation of any one individual's waist circumference SD score or Z score using these data would also be useful in both research and clinical evaluation. The data previously published clearly show that the distribution of waist circumference in the population studied was positively skewed, and thus the calculation of SD scores or Z scores should not be undertaken by the conventional, straightforward approach. Knowing, however, the L, M an S values for the waist circumference data does allow for an accurate SD or Z score to be calculated [4]. Since the original publication, these values have now been derived and are reproduced below (Table I). We believe that these data will be useful to many researchers both in Australia and worldwide


Background The corona virus disease (Covid-19) has plunged countries across the world into crisis. Patients with COVID-19 under quarantine conditions represent a unique stratum of patients who are liable to extreme pressure due to the ramifications of COVID-19 infection in terms of physical, social and psychological wellbeing. The present study aimed to highlight the necessary measures needed to address anxiety, depression and other psychiatric symptoms for COVID-19 patients including coping strategies when placing patients under quarantine conditions. Methodology A cross-sectional quantitative study, Socio-demographic data were collected using three validated scales: PHQ-9, anxiety, and stress level. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed to analyse the data. Results A total of 102 participant given the answer of the questionnaire. The mean age of study subjects 29.9± 10.2 years, the prevalence of depression was 79.4%, anxiety was 67.7% and the mean of stress level was 25.6± 17.9. Depression was significantly associated with anxiety Coef. 3.14 (95% CI: -0.05,6.32); p=0.05 and stress level Coef. 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07,0.26); p=0.001 both. Conclusion: Covid-19 may reinforce symptom severity and psychosocial stress in individuals with mental disorders. In times of pandemics, special support is needed to assist people with mental disorders and to prevent symptom deterioration. Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Mental Health; Depression; Anxiety; Stress Level. What is already Known about the topic? • Rigorous research examining the stress, anxiety, and depression levels among COVID-19 patients • Research found that patients during the early stages of the pandemic experienced a higher prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression. What this paper adds • The potential risk factors related to COVID-19 and people suffering from existing MNS disorders • The participants who are divorced or widowed reported more depression levels as compared to a single or married • Professional patients were more likely to report depressive symptoms than nonprofessionals and office workers Implications The findings of this paper suggest that healthcare planning should incorporate mental health screenings in vulnerable communities, to raise public awareness about psychological instabilities and it should be thought about maintaining social emergencies in the future.


Objectives: We describe neonatal herpes reporting and the number of cases reported in states with reporting requirements in the United States, 2000–2005. Methods: A national assessment of neonatal herpes reporting practices was conducted using an e-mail and phone query. Results: Neonatal herpes was a reportable condition in 9 states in the United States from 2000–2005: CT, MA, FL, OH, NE, LA, SD, DE, and WA. There was no standard surveillance case definition in 5 states and in 4 states there was no specific form for reporting neonatal herpes. Few cases were reported in any state (range, 0–13 cases per year). A total of 112 cases were reported in these 9 states over 5 years (2000–2004); the overall incidence rate was 4 cases/100,000 live births. Conclusions: Although reportable in some states, neonatal herpes is not currently a nationally reportable disease. As currently employed by individual states during this time frame, neonatal herpes reporting does not appear to be a reliable way to assess burden of disease. Development of a standard case definition and assessment of the best approaches for local and national neonatal herpes surveillance may improve performance of such reporting.


At the beginning of the new century humanity is more likely to think about problems because of its activities. Necessity to revise a lifestyle of the mankind becomes more urgent. Trying to take control over the nature for the sake of its good, people do not think about the consequences. Development of science in the modern world gives opportunities for solving many problems and provides more comfortable human life on the planet. But at the same time together with comfort people have got detrimental impact on the entire world. Ecological crisis has become one of the biggest global problems at the current stage of development of an international community, which is extremely fast on a planetary scale. It can be expressed in sharp aggravation of contradictions in relations between society and nature, violation of natural processes due to excessive anthropogenic action, unpredictable consequences of scientific and technological achievements, increased energy consumption and fossil fuel combustion, demographic explosion, armed conflicts, anthropogenic disasters etc. Prof. A. Herasymchuk notes that modern environmental problems arose as a result of the rapid human impact on nature (Герасимчук А., 2011, p.12). Ecological problems existed at all stages of human development and their scale depended on the STUDIA WARMIŃSKIE 55 (2018) ISSN 0137-6624


ABSTRACT This study investigated incidental focus-on-form in a free discussion English as a foreign language (EFL) class with no pre-selected syllabus. Fifteen hours of classroom interactions in an upper-intermediate class with 15 homogeneous adult learners were audio-recorded and analysed. The participants also completed separate uptake sheets for each session. The occurrence of incidental reactive and pre-emptive focus-on-form episodes (FFEs), their linguistic foci and the rate of uptake were then calculated. The findings revealed that incidental FFEs, in general, and pre-emptive FFEs, in particular, occurred very frequently in this class. The highest rate of FFEs was found to be related to lexical items, while the lowest rate dealt with pronunciation. The analysis of the uptake sheets as well as the audio-recorded data revealed that vocabulary enjoyed the highest rate of uptake and grammar the lowest. This study also found that multiple uptake moves simultaneously occurred for some FFEs with apparently one linguistic focus. There were also some instances of lexical and phonological uptake moves with no apparent FFEs. It is argued that rich meaningful contexts may lead to uptake moves on the part of learners, obviating the need for an excessive number of teacher-initiated FFEs.


This study explores how various aspects of language competence are related to social focus among preschoolers. The study presented is based on video‐recorded observation of 64 children, aged 11–61 months, during free play at their kindergarten. A measure of social focus in the preschool, regarded as an indicator of social status, was constructed based on the amount of positive and neutral contacts children received from their peers. The majority of the children were relatively seldom focused on by the others. From the transcription of the utterances, three measures of language competence were derived: a score to reflect the child's pragmatic skills, a score to reflect the range of categories the children have available in their characterisations of the world, and a score of mean length of utterance. All measures of language competence predicted social status when in combination with age. However, only the measure of pragmatic skills had an independent contribution to social focus when the variance of age was removed. When language competence is controlled for, age does not predict social status among preschool children. The relation between social focus in the kindergarten, age, and the three measures of language competence is discussed.


Today, minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used in various operations. Compared with traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery makes patients less painful and recovers faster after surgery. However, the minimally invasive robotic system may damage surgical instruments or patient organs during the operation. The reason for this situation is the narrow visual space and insufficient tactile feedback. In this paper, we applied a real-time convolutional neural network model based on YOLOv4 to detect surgical instruments during surgery. We selected a public dataset for learning CNN. YOLO' s architecture is applied to the model to detect surgical instruments in real time. Related indicators such as recall and precision were calculated to evaluate the performance of the model.


Data from the August 2003 experiment conducted by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the Southern California Offshore Range (SCORE) are used to track marine mammals. SCORE is a naval training area near the island of San Clemente located in relatively shallow water. The water depth where the experiment was conducted is around 360 meters. Data were recorded on a 100‐m, eight‐element vertical line array (VLA) deployed from the floating instrument platform (FLIP) and four bottom‐mounted hydrophones deployed in an area covering approximately 3 square kilometers. During the course of the 7‐day experiment continuous recording of the ocean environment was made. The recordings contain calls from various marine mammals, particularly blue and fin whales. Data recorded on the bottom‐mounted hydrophones and the VLA are used to track singing marine mammals using two entirely different model‐based tracking techniques: The animals are tracked by comparing the predicted (using a propagation model) and measured tim...


Latinx undergraduate students on academic probation after their first semester of community college risk further course failure and dropping out. As the largest minority on college campuses, it is important to understand Latinx college students' experiences with academic probation during freshman year to develop strategies that can support them in the community college context. Using Schlossberg's and Tinto's transition theories, we explored nine Latinx community college students' perceptions after being placed on academic probation during freshman year. Findings indicate that challenges managing employment, coursework, family obligations, and academic and social integration, as well as difficulties navigating the college system, contributed to academic probationary status. Furthermore, these participants developed significant emotional stress, transformational experiences, and new behaviors due to academic probation.


INTRODUCTION Equine veterinarians frequently treat horses with colic caused by visceral abdominal pain or non-gastrointestinal causes. Visceral abdominal pain is more commonly treated and may be caused by intestinal distension due to fluid, gas or ingesta, tension on the mesentery, ischaemia or infarction, ulceration of the mucosa, or peritoneal pain. Studies have examined the incidence of colic events in general and in specific breeds. Some focused on specific causes such as caecal impaction, peritonitis, large colon impaction, small colon impaction, enterolithiasis, idiopathic muscular hypertrophy, sand colic and pedunculated lipoma. The risk factors 4 , 7 , 2 0 , 2 2 , 3 9 for, outcomes 2 , 1 4 , 2 4 of, prognostication of and the economic cost involving colic episodes have also been reported in countries other than South Africa. To the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted to establish the causes of gastrointestinal colic in horses in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common causes and the outcome of gastrointestinal colic in horses admitted to the Equine Clinic of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH) over a 10-year period.


Glass-mat reinforced thermoplastic (GMT) composites have increasingly begun to replace traditional sheet molding compounds in automotive applications, owing to their reduced weight. Both processing and end use put special demands on the stabilizer package incorporated in the poly(propylene) resin phase of the GMT composite. A novel ternary antioxidant blend based upon an aromatic amine type stabilizer for superior processing stabilization in GMT will be presented. Processing stabilizer performance data, as measured by the critical weight loss test at 230 °C, will be discussed. Comparison of the arylamine based blend, which is phosphite-free, with a traditional phosphite-containing package of otherwise similar composition confirmed the superior performance of the former.


Crypto systems that trusted computing relies upon are comprised of three parts: key creation, key management and key distribution. Prior to the advent of communications important keys like your birth certificate were provided manually. PKI asymmetric systems became the prevalent architecture because a mechanism was provided that allowed the distribution of keys in large communication (encryption or authentication) platforms. The flaws of that architecture were more of a nuisance at that point when compared to the benefit and lack of alternatives. Now, the ability to break and steal keys is an existential threat to that framework. Distributed key systems (like one-time-pad enigma systems) languished because of the requirement for manual distribution of keys. That encumbrance for distributed, trusted cyber and trusted computing systems has been overcome. It is now simple, secure and online to create large, distributed authentication and encryption platforms that utilize one-time-pad distributed keys and where there is only partial disclosure of credentials. This paper examines the comparison of asymmetric PKI and symmetric DDKI (Dynamic Distributed Key Infrastructure) handshakes. This paper also examines how to initiate secure communications with an endpoint/device/person that does not yet have a key without having to manually distribute the initial key.


The H.E.S.S. Collaboration has reported a high-energy spherically symmetric diffuse γ-ray emission in
the inner 50 pc of the Milky Way, up to ∼50 TeV. Here, we propose a leptonic model which provides an
alternative to the hadronic scenario presented by the H.E.S.S. Collaboration, and connects the newly
reported TeV emission to the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center GeV excess. Our model relies on a combination
of inverse Compton emission from a population of millisecond pulsars—which can account for the GeV
excess—and a supermassive black hole-induced spike of heavy (∼60 TeV) dark matter particles
annihilating into electrons with a subthermal cross section. With an up-to-date interstellar radiation field,
as well as a standard magnetic field and diffusion setup, our model accounts for the spectral morphology of
the detected emission. Moreover, we show that the dark matter-induced emission reproduces the spatial
morphology of the H.E.S.S. signal above ∼10 TeV, while we obtain a slightly more extended component
from pulsars at lower energies, which could be used as a prediction for future H.E.S.S. observations.


Convenient, hand-held coupler images output of arthroscope onto coherent fiber bundle. Arthroscope allows surgeons to examine internal organs through any small opening in body. Coupler is also used for engine inspection, instrument repair, and around-corner visual inspection. Image from arthroscope travels along flexible bundle and appears at other cable end where it is recollimated by lens. Image is read from lens or projected on color TV camera.


This research explores interactive data visualization techniques for understanding how privacy filters in an electronic personal health record system govern the sharing of sensed health data. The research is intended to reveal insight into how well users can grasp the concepts of privacy and manipulate graphical entities to control how much and what aspects of their personal health records they are willing to share with family, friends, medical teams, and others.


In the article the legal analysis of the legislation on the passage of law-enforcement service in is carried out, its main peculiarities are considered.


At birth most, but not all eyes, are hyperopic. Over the course of the first few years of life the refraction gradually becomes close to zero through a process called emmetropisation. This process is not thought to require accommodation, though a lag of accommodation has been implicated in myopia development, suggesting that the accuracy of accommodation is an important factor. This review will cover research on accommodation and emmetropisation that relates to the ability of the eye to use colour and luminance cues to guide the responses.


We examine the optimal location of Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) missile batteries to protect a country's assets, formulated as a Defender-Attacker-Defender three-stage sequential, perfect information, zero-sum game between two opponents. We formulate a trilevel nonlinear integer program for this Defender-Attacker-Defender model and seek a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (i.e., a set of attacker and defender strategies from which neither player has an incentive to deviate). Such a trilevel formulation is not solvable via conventional optimization software, and an exhaustive enumeration of the game tree based on the discrete set of strategies is only tractable for small instances. We develop and test a customized heuristic over a set of small instances having deliberate parametric variations in a designed experiment, comparing its performance to an exhaustive enumeration algorithm. Testing results indicate the enumeration approach to be severely limited for realistically sized instances, so we demonstrate the heuristic on a larger instance from the literature for which it maintains computational efficiency.


In this paper,the dynamic simulation of a large belt conveyor is carried out by using finite element method,which is used in a coal mine long wall face,and the dynamic tension characteristic under the condition of full load is analyzed.The conclusion of the study are following: With the full load startup,the maximum speed difference between conveyor belt loose side and compact side is 1.374 m/s,the displacement of the tension device is 8.46 m;The maximum tension in the 151th discrete unit is 432.91 kN,and the tension of the 600th unit is 68.60 kN,the maximum tension of the tension device should not be greater than 432.9 kN.


Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used to characterize white matter in health and disease. Previous approaches to the estimation of diffusion tensors have either been statistically suboptimal or have used Gaussian approximations of the underlying noise structure, which is Rician in reality. The most prevalent tensor estimation method, the log-linear minimum mean squared error (LLMMSE) approach [1], assumes independently, log-Gaussian noise. Sijbers et al. [2] presented an ML approach for Rician bias compensation of single MR images, and Koay et al. [3] demonstrated an exact solution and extended the method for images from multiple coils. Jones et al. [4] presented an estimation method that incorporates noise level estimation. Salvador et al. [5] reviewed distribution assumptions and described a weighted least squares procedure for addressing non-Gaussianity. These methods do not take into account either (1) the propagation of Rician noise into the tensor domain or (2) the dependence between observed attenuations caused by the use of common reference scans. These systematic differences can cause quantities derived from these tensors — e.g., fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient — to diverge from their true values, potentially leading to artifactual changes that confound clinically significant ones. Recent developments with Diffusion Tensor Estimation by Maximizing Rician Likelihood (DTEMRL) showed that tensor estimation can be performed by considering the joint distribution of all observed data in the context of an augmented tensor model that accounts for Rician noise [6]. This abstract presents a robust extension of DTEMRL (rDTEMRL) designed to improve reliability in low SNR and artifact prone applications.


ABSTRACT The women's national football team of Iceland, from a population of 350,000, has written its name in the history books by qualifying for four consecutive European Championship finals (from 2009), reaching the quarter finals in 2013. However, the women's team has stood in the shadow of the men's national football team of Iceland, which has attracted international attention. Thus, in the male-dominated world of football, the success of the women's team has largely gone unnoticed. This paper seeks to analyze a particular case of the rise of women's football, as it sheds light on the development and success of Icelandic women's football and frames this development in a socio-cultural context. More precisely, Icelandic women's football is emerging from within: a relatively gender equal Nordic culture; increased sport professionalism; and general strong national sentiments among Icelanders, which, when combined, have made women players the new and emerging stars of Iceland's football.


The U.S. Geological Survey is converting its primary map production and revision operations to use digital photogrammetric techniques. The primary source of data for these operations is the digital orthophoto quadrangle derived from National Aerial Photography Program images. These digital orthophotos are used on workstations that permit comparison of existing vector and raster data with the orthophoto and interactive collection and revision of the vector data.


This offering for one (1) contact hour is sponsored by the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, which is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the Eastern Regional Accrediting Committee of the American Nurses' Association. NAON has been approved as a provider of continuing education by the California Board of Registered Nursing (BRN Provider Number 03432), and the Florida Board of Registered Nursing (Provider Number 2751007). Iowa nurses, please apply to your State Board of Nursing for individual consideration before completing the offering. Awarding of contact hours is contingent upon successful (75% correct) completion of the test questions.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the buffering potential of social support from changes in parents' marital status for 9 to 12 year old children whose parents had divorced (N = 98) and ...


11 yr old female child, admitted with history of fever, left ear pain,
swelling behind the left ear of 5 days duration, for which she was
treated by a nearby doctor. After 1 week the child had left ear
discharge, headache, neck pain, recurrent episodes of vomiting. On
general examination she is thin built, febrile, toxic and dehydrated. On
local examination she had ear discharge, swelling behind the left ear.
On neurological examination, she had neck stifness. Routine blood
investigations including, CBC, LFT, RFT were normal. On CSF
examination Protein-188 mg%,Sugar- 16 mg%,Cell count-165
cells/cumm,85% were Neutrophils. Aural swab C/S showed growth of
Klebsiella sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprooxacin, Piperacillin /
Tazobactum and Cotrimoxazole. ENT opinion was in favour of doing
Mastoidectomy. HRCT Temporal bone showed complete
opacication of external auditory canal, tympanic cavity and mastoid
air cells with a possibility of lling up with pus. MRI BRAIN showed
Left mastoid and postauricular abscess, mastoiditis, ventriculitis,
venulitis with thrombosis of left transverse and sigmoid sinuses.
Patient was treated with parenteral piperacillin tazobactum,
Ciprooxacin, Amikacin, Metronidazole, Mannitol, Dexamethasone
and Low molecular weight heparin.Patient improved in 3 weeks.Ear
discharge dried up, mastoid abscess subsided, and the child became
active and ambulant


Kramers-Kronig analysis is applied to extract complex refractive indices of an isotropic single crystal, ceramics, glasses, and organic materials from their infrared external reflection spectra measured near the normal angle of incidence. It is demonstrated that this technique is versatile and can obtain complex refractive indices of materials. The great advantage of this technique is that a wide variety of materials (organic to inorganic, solid to liquid) can be analyzed and that no prior information is required for the analysis. The calculation procedure of the principal integration in Kramers–Kronig analysis of reflection spectra is also presented.


Since 1989 there has been a significant rise in comparative studies of art and architecture in the region known as Central Europe, Eastern Europe or even Central-Eastern Europe. Despite these nominative differences all of them have referred to former Eastern Bloc countries that regained their independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Most of the studies have aimed at descriptive analyses of the cultural heritage of the eastern part of the old continent, which remained largely unknown or forgotten in the West during the Iron Curtain era. However, several publications have also posed significant questions concerning the possibility of writing a 'Central-Eastern European' regional art history and as a result have emphasised the necessity of revising our understanding of art history as such. Piotr Piotrowski's groundbreaking book In the Shadow of Yalta. Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945–1989 belongs to the latter group of studies. The book not only presents Eastern European artists and artworks which are absent from general art histories, it also focuses— and these are its major concerns—on the methodology of art history and, more specifically, on the particular histories and cultural traditions that influenced the development of the avant-garde in the region. The geography of the book is clearly defined by the political division of Europe agreed upon during the Yalta Conference in 1945. It therefore looks at the countries that used to belong to the Soviet Bloc but were not part of the Soviet Union (hence the absence of the Baltic States). Piotrowski makes no exception for East Germany, which is often absent from regional studies, and rightly demonstrates its dependence on the cultural politics dictated by the Soviets. Yugoslavia, which did not participate in the Warsaw Pact and pursued its own path towards communism, is included as its avant-garde history had more in common with Eastern Bloc practices than with those on the other side of Iron Curtain. While the whole of Europe lived 'in the shadow of Yalta', the author rightly emphasises that this was cast above all on its eastern half. Politics also inform the historical framework of the study, as 1945 saw the beginning of Soviet rule and 1989 its demise following the 'Autumn of Nations'. The book explains to what extent the division of Europe influenced the emergence of new artistic practices in the oppressive communist system with its all-powerful censorship. Hence both official and unofficial scenes are discussed, while their convergences and conflicts help us to understand the fluidity of borderlines between the accepted or rejected art forms in the different periods of the history of the Eastern Bloc. Piotrowski shows how the very idea of 'avant-garde' evolved and how it was expressed in particular decades and environments. 128


Body composition in children can be measured until about the age of 6 years using the impedance method, but in children below that age the findings are often treated as reference values. However, information on body composition is needed to verify body fatness in early childhood. In this study, we investigated the validity of obesity and leanness Judgment using a simple impedance analysis in young children, by comparing body fat percentage derived with the impedance method and body fatness judged from standard height and weight curves, with the aim of constructing a standardized system for judging obesity and leanness in young children. we constructed a 5-step mean evaluation together with body fat percentage statistics and judged levels of obesity and leanness. For judgments of obesity with regression evaluation of weight against height, we constructed a 5-step regression evaluation chart after deriving valid order regression polynomials, and determined levels of obesity and leanness based on them. The results of comparisons of the distributions of obesity and leanness judgments obtained with the two evaluations using the ?2 test showed no significant differences in all subjects from 3 to 5 years old.


We classify all monomial planar Cremona maps by multidegree using recent methods developed by Aluffi. Following the main result, we prove several more properties of the set of these maps, and also extend the results to the more general `r.c. monomial' maps.


We introduce a novel approach to studying animal behavior and the context in which it occurs, through the use of microphone backpacks carried on the backs of individual free-flying birds. These sensors are increasingly used by animal behavior researchers to study individual vocalizations of freely behaving animals, even in the field. However, such devices may record more than an animal's vocal behavior, and have the potential to be used for investigating specific activities (movement) and context (background) within which vocalizations occur. To facilitate this approach, we investigate the automatic annotation of such recordings through two different sound scene analysis paradigms: A scene-classification method using feature learning, and an event-detection method using probabilistic latent component analysis. We analyze recordings made with Eurasian jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in both captive and field settings. Results are comparable with the state of the art in sound scene analysis; we find that the current recognition quality level enables scalable automatic annotation of audio logger data, given partial annotation, but also find that individual differences between animals and/or their backpacks limit the generalization from one individual to another. we consider the interrelation of "scenes" and "events" in this particular task, and issues of temporal resolution.


This paper reports on the influence of molecular weight and concentration of barley β-glucans on the rheological properties of wort and beer. Environmental conditions such as pH, maltose level in wort, ethanol content of beer, shearing and shearing temperature were also examined for their effects on wort and beer viscosities. In the range of 50–1000 mg/L, β-glucans increased solution viscosity linearly with both molecular weights (MW) of 31, 137, 250, 327, and 443 kDa and concentration. The influence of MW on the intrinsic viscosity of β-glucans followed the Mark-Houwink relationship. Shearing wort and beer at approximately 13,000 s−1for 35 s was found to increase the wort viscosity but reduce beer viscosity. Shearing wort at 20°C influenced β-glucan viscosity more than shearing at 48°C and 76°C whereas the shearing temperature (0, 5 and 10°C) did not effect the viscosity of beer. At lower pHs, shearing was found to reduce the viscosity caused by β-glucans in wort but had no effect in beer. Higher concentrations of maltose in wort and ethanol in beer also increased the viscosity of β-glucan polymers. It was found that β-glucans had higher intrinsic viscosities in beer than in wort (5°C), and lower critical overlap concentrations (C*) in beer than in wort.


In this paper, a new method for solving unstable differential ordinary equations is proposed using a computational scheme of Evolutionary Computing (Genetic Algorithms) and the Nelder-Mead method.


This article describes how transportation distances such as the Earth Mover's Distance can be used for measuring melodic similarity for notated music. We represent music notation as weighted point sets in a two-dimensional space of onset time and pitch. The Earth Mover's Distance can then be used for comparing point sets by determining how much work it would take to convert one of the point sets into the other by moving weight between the point sets. For evaluating how well this method and other methods agree with human perception of melodic similarity, we established a ground truth for the RISM A/II collection based on the opinions of human experts. The RISM A/II collection contains about half a million musical incipits. For 22 queries, we filtered the collection so that about 50 candidates per query were left, each of which we then presented to about 30 human experts (out of a group of 37 experts) for a final ranking. We present our filtering methods, the experiment design, the resulting ground truth, and a new measure (called "Average Dynamic Recall") that can be used for comparing different similarity measures with the ground truth.


[Objective]To understand the related status and HIV detection among people receiving AIDS voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) in VCT clinic,provide the effective measure for the target people.[Methods]The basic information and data of HIV antibody detection among people receiving AIDS VCT services at VCT clinic in Chenzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and prevention from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed.[Results]280,490 and 529 people received VCT services in 2005,2006 and 2007 respectively.Of them,1 272 people had HIV antibody tested,27 people only received AIDS voluntary counseling.Of the 1 272 people tested,97 of them were detected to be HIV-positive,accounting for 7.63%.HIV-positive rate was 8.79% in male and 6.07% in female(P0.05).It was 1.82%,2.89%,9.88%,8.97% and 13.51% respectively among people aged from 4 month to 14,15 to 24,25 to 34,35 to 44 and 45 to 82(P0.01).Intravenous drug users accounted for 11.20%,heterosexual sex contactors accounted for 5.79%,HIV infected person's spouse/partner accounted for 34.00%,other people accounted for 2.13%(P0.01).[Conclusion]Of the people receiving AIDS voluntary counseling and testing in VCT clinic,the people aged from 15 to 44 accounted for 89.92% and had high HIV positive rate,accounting for 47.79% of the total positive rate detected at the same time.


The introduction of human capital can be traced back to the ancient Greek period, emphasizing the important role of knowledge and skills in the production and life process. Human capital reward mechanism promotes modern social and economic development and is an important part of social and economic growth. The core management of the enterprise is the management of human capital, and the central work of human capital management is the incentive of human capital. Many enterprises are now facing difficulties in industrial operation, serious brain drain, and lack of core competitiveness in the market. As a result, enterprises cannot adapt to the speed and requirements of today's social and economic development. One of the important reasons is that the enterprise lacks attention to the value of the human capital incentive system, or the human capital incentive system of the enterprise is unreasonable, which leads to a series of problems such as poor employee enthusiasm and low enterprise performance. How to establish a reasonable and effective incentive mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of employees has become a problem that enterprises must pay attention to. Taking the technical managers and general technicians of a high-tech enterprise as an example, combined with the deep learning method, the article made a detailed analysis of the four major incentive factors of enterprise human capital. It made employees' satisfaction with corporate cultural incentives reaching 56.1%, which showed that emotional motivation was also one of the key factors for employees to be satisfied with the corporate incentive system.


Many agricultural, medical and food storage applications require both accurate and reliable knowledge of the temperature to guarantee quality and enable sound decision making. For example, grape growers incur large costs when they are not able to accurately predict frosts; vaccine and blood products need to be stored within a known temperature range, and the longevity of many food goods depends on stable storage temperatures. Although many systems offer accurate temperature measurements for these applications, these systems are often exposed to conditions that may compromise either the sensor or the measurement equipment, often without the knowledge of the user. To provide on-going confidence in automated temperature logging systems, a low-cost, robust and easy-to-use after-market solution is needed. One such solution is based on organic phase-change materials, which are inexpensive, have low toxicity and are demonstrated to provide highly repeatable transition temperatures. By attaching a small vial of the chosen material to an existing temperature sensor, a brief plateau can be induced as the temperature changes, signalling a known temperature to the control system or user. This repeatable temperature 'marker' provides ongoing assurance that the temperature monitoring system is operating correctly. In this study, several promising materials are trialled in the range of 1 °C to 7 °C. Initial results show the method to be a practicable and affordable addition to critical monitoring and control systems.


In order to research the relationship between the methacrylate content in acrylate size and the quality of sizing, the structural characteristics of acrylate size were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The change of glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of size film were characterized by using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The result indicated that different methacrylate contents in acrylate size would not affect its chemical structure significantly, but caused the difference in its mechanical properties. Therefore it affected obviously the quality of sizing yarns.


Based on hydraulic fracturing mechanism,by learning the experiences of explosive fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing in the well-bore,the interlayer explosion and effect of reservoir reconstruction were studied in combination with explosive theory,and its production enhancement principle was analyzed.In combination with hydraulic fracturing process and the requirement of petroleum industry,technical problems of field application of the interlayer fracturing were analyzed.Suggestions are put forward for future research and application prospects are denoted.


Let F be a perfect field, and let X = X1, . . . , Xn be indeterminates over F. A (monic) triangular set T = (T1, . . . , Tn) is a family of polynomials in F[X] such that for all i, Ti is in F[X1, . . . , Xi], monic inXi, and reduced modulo 〈T1, . . . , Ti−1〉. The degree of T is the product deg(T1, X1) · · · deg(Tn, Xn). These objects allow one to solve a variety of problems for systems of polynomial equations, see [7, 1, 10, 6, 12]. We are interested here in the complexity of operations modulo a given triangular set T. The first question is modular multiplication: given polynomials A,B reduced modulo T, compute AB mod T. Further operations involve families of triangular sets. The lexicographic Grobner basis of an ideal I for a given variable order may not be triangular. The workaround is to decompose I as I = I1∩· · ·∩Is, with pairwise coprime Ij, where each Ij admits a triangular basis. The decomposition is in general not unique, but there exists a canonical choice, the equiprojectable decomposition [4]. That said, the most useful notion of "inversion" is quasi-inverses: given A reduced modulo T, we decompose the ideal 〈T〉 as I0 ∩ I1, where A is zero modulo I0 and invertible modulo I1; the output is the equiprojectable decompositions of I0, I1, and the inverse of A modulo the triangular sets that define I1. The next question is change of order: starting from T, we output the equiprojectable decomposition of the ideal 〈T〉, for a new order on the variables. The last question starts from a family T, . . . ,T which generate pairwise coprime ideals; our output is the equiprojectable decomposition of the ideal they generate. The following theorem provides quasi-linear time results for these questions. These results are valid over a finite field, with costs given in a boolean RAM model; the algorithms are Las Vegas. The main idea is to introduce a primitive element and change representation, as most problems above can be solved easily in univariate situations. The change of representation is done using algorithms for modular composition [3] and power projection [13], but in multivariate setting. In [8], Kedlaya and Umans introduced quasi-linear time algorithms for the univariate versions of these problems; our core technical ingredients are multivariate versions of their algorithms.


Miscarriage due to blastocyst implantation failure occurs in up to two-thirds of all 31 miscarriage cases in human. The calcium ion has been shown to be involved in many cellular 32 signal transduction pathways as well as in the regulation of cell adhesion, which is necessary for 33 the embryo implantation process. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDs) during early 34 gestation results in disruption of intrauterine implantation and uterine reception, leading to 35 implantation failure. In this study, ovarian estrogen (E2), bisphenol A (BPA), or 4-tert-octylphenol 36 (OP), with or without ICI 182,780 (ICI) were injected subcutaneously from gestation day 1 to 37 gestation day 3 post-coitus. The expression levels of the calcium transport genes were assessed in 38 maternal uteri and implantation sites. The number of implantation sites was significantly low in 39 the OP group, and implantation sites were absent in the E2 and EDs+ICI groups. There were 40 different calcium transient transport channel expression levels in uterus and implantation site 41 samples. The levels of TRPV5 and TRPV6 gene expression were significantly increased by EDs 42 with/without ICI treatment in uterus. Whereas, TRPV5 and TRPV6 gene expression were 43 significantly lower in implantation sites samples. NCX1 and PMCA1 mRNA levels were 44 significantly decreased by OP and BPA in the implantation site samples. Compared to vehicle 45 treatment in uterus, both the MUC1 mRNA and protein levels were markedly high in all but the 46 BPA group. Taken together, these results suggest that both BPA and OP can impair embryo 47 implantation through alteration of calcium transport gene expressions and by affecting uterine 48 receptivity. 49 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 May 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0256.v1


The problem of optimizing a laser amplifier in terms of output of the stored energy is analyzed for a finite value of the total breakup integral and an infinite gain increment. Optimum laws for expansion of the optical beam are determined. It is found that when the divergence of the radiation is close to the diffraction limit and the law governing expansion of the optical beam is optimal, a wavefront-reversing amplifier with a total breakup integral equal to the breakup integral for a single stage of an amplifier with spatial filtering is at least equal to the latter in respect of the output energy density and stored energy utilization efficiency and is substantially better than the latter in terms of brightness.


When spreading abroad in the troposphere,it is hard to avoid that electromagnetic wave is reduced because of the influence of atmosphere mote,in which precipitation is the most familiar and the major element is rain.Some research is done on the physical character of dielectric constant of water.Using the Matlab,Mie theory and the Laws-Parsons model of rain distribution are used to analyze the relationship of electromagnetic wave attenuation with rainfall change.The infection on absorption and dispersion of electromagnetic wave is considered.The attenuation of rainfall is educed by the calculation of signal-to-noise.


Sparse concentric ring arrays composed of aperiodic rings with elements equally spaced in each ring are capable of achieving circularly symmetric patterns with low sidelobe level (SLL) compared with the thinning concentric ring arrays. Here teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm which is based on stochastic optimization is first applied to synthesizing sparse concentric ring arrays. TLBO is adopted to optimize the non-uniform ring radii considering the constraints on the aperture and the minimum inter-ring spacing so as to achieve circularly symmetric pattern with both the SLL and the number of elements reduced. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance and the potential applications of the proposed method.


The issues and challenges facing early childhood teachers and other professionals, when a child with a disability makes the transition to an early childhood service accompanied by many professionals, is pursued. Poor professional practices, which exclude children with disabilities, are criticised using the experiences of early childhood teachers and itinerant professionals. Supportive practices, which promote the participation of children with disabilities within the curriculum and culture of ordinary education settings, are highlighted. Some professionals who understand the early childhood context, desire to work collaboratively with staff, involving them fully in discussions and decision-making recognise that parents, teachers, and children are experts, contribute a lot to the special education field.


In order to study the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing in enhanced geothermal systems, we analyzed the influence of high temperatures and embedded fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures using a laboratory test and numerical simulation. The analysis was conducted via large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests with acoustic emission monitoring. Moreover, we discussed and established the elastic-plastic criterion of hydraulic fracturing initiation. The corresponding fracturing procedure was designed and embedded into the FLAC3D software. Then, a numerical simulation was conducted and compared with the laboratory test to verify the accuracy of the fracturing procedure. The influence of high temperatures on hydraulic fracturing presented the following features. First, multi-fractures were created, especially in the near-well region. Second, fracturing pressure, extension pressure, and fracture flow resistance became larger than those at room temperature. 3D acoustic fracturing emission results indicated that the influence of the spatial distribution pattern of embedded fractures on hydraulic fracturing direction was larger than that of triaxial stress. Furthermore, the fracturing and extension pressures decreased with the increase of embedded fracture density. For hydraulic fracturing in a high temperature reservoir, a plastic zone was generated near the borehole, and this zone increased as the injection pressure increased until the well wall failed.


A game machine according to the invention (2) is provided with an SSID setting unit 14 and the channel setting unit 16. SSID setting unit 14 sets the SSID of the network identifier according to the communication mode. A communication mode, a download standby mode, a download mode, a lobby mode and a game mode is set. By setting the SSID for each communication mode, the mode whenever it is possible to create a wireless network. The channel setting unit 16, according to the SSID, sets up a communication channel to be used. SSID setting unit, the channel setting unit, a network identifier, a communication channel


The aim of this work was to study the effect of different doses of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and potassium (K 2 O), applied through drip irrigation, at the yield and quality of cantaloupe melon ( Cucumis melo L. ), hybrid Bonus II , cultivated in greenhouse. 19-day seedlings were transplanted to beds. They were spaced out 1.1 m x 0.3 m apart from each other and vertically directed up to 2.0 m of height. The treatments resulted from combinations of four K 2 O doses and four CO 2 doses applied during the crop. K 2 O irrigation and application were carried out during four days. CO 2 irrigation and application were carried out during two days. 45 CO 2 irrigation, 33 CO 2 applications and 19 K 2 O applications were totalized. Results showed that (a) based on a quadratic relation, the number of melon marketable fruits had a significant increase when CO 2 and K 2 O doses were also increased; (b) there was no significant effect of CO 2 on the average fruit weight. However, there was a significant quadratic effect for K 2 O; (c) based on a quadratic relation, when there was an increase of CO 2 and K 2 O doses, the total and commercial melon yield also increased; (d) CO 2 and K 2 O application through irrigation increased the water efficiency usage; (e) there was significant effect of CO 2 on the total acidity, on the soluble solids content and on the flesh pH. However, there was no effect of K 2 O; and (f) K 2 O application affected significantly the melon flesh thickness and the fruits transversal and longitudinal diameters. CO 2 application affected the flesh thickness and firmness.


Stochastic computing (SC) is a low-cost computational paradigm that has promising applications in digital filter design, image processing, and neural networks. Fundamental to these applications is the weighted addition operation, which is most often implemented by a multiplexer (mux) tree. Mux-based adders have very low area but typically require long bitstreams to reach practical accuracy thresholds when the number of summands is large. In this work, we first identify the main contributors to mux adder error. We then demonstrate with analysis and experiment that two new techniques, precise sampling and full correlation, can target and mitigate these error sources. Implementing these techniques in hardware leads to the design of CeMux (Correlation-enhanced Multiplexer), a stochastic mux adder that is significantly more accurate and uses much less area than traditional weighted adders. We compare CeMux to other SC and hybrid designs for an electrocardiogram filtering case study that employs a large digital filter. One major result is that CeMux is shown to be accurate even for large input sizes. CeMux's higher accuracy leads to a latency reduction of 4× to 16× over other designs. Furthermore, CeMux uses about 35% less area than existing designs, and we demonstrate that a small amount of accuracy can be traded for a further 50% reduction in area. Finally, we compare CeMux to a conventional binary design and we show that CeMux can achieve a 50% to 73% area reduction for similar power and latency as the conventional design but at a slightly higher level of error.


The much debated Minimum Wage Ordinance eventually secured passage in the Hong Kong Legislative Council on 17 July 2010 and is to take effect on 1 May 2011. A Minimum Wage Council established under the Ordinance has made recommendations to the Chief Executive on the initial minimum wage level. This paper compares the minimum wage legislation in Hong Kong with that of other Western jurisdictions and seeks to identify what the former can learn from these international experiences in setting a statutory minimum wage. In the final analysis, it is argued that these experiences provide a good platform for implementing a broadly similar regime in the Special Administrative Region, albeit one with 'Hong Kong characteristics'.


This review article surveys the current progresses made toward video-based anomaly detection. We address the most fundamental aspect for video anomaly detection, that is, video feature representation. Much research works have been done in finding the right representation to perform anomaly detection in video streams accurately with an acceptable false alarm rate. However, this is very challenging due to large variations in environment and human movement, and high space-time complexity due to huge dimensionality of video data. The weakly supervised nature of deep learning algorithms can help in learning representations from the video data itself instead of manually designing the right feature for specific scenes. In this paper, we would like to review the existing methods of modeling video representations using deep learning techniques for the task of anomaly detection and action recognition.


Over the last ten years, China has become a major trade partner of Kazakhstan, investing heavily in the country's oil and gas sector. Information about the Sino-Kazakh cooperation has been scarce, raising many questions about the economic, social and environmental risks for the Central Asian country and fuelling anti-Chinese sentiment among the local population. Komila Nabiyeva reviews the energy cooperation of two countries within the Belt and Road Initiative and its implications.


BACKGROUND
With medical advances since the 1990s, a growing proportion of patients are living for many years with prostate cancer (PCA) and the consequences of its treatment.

OBJECTIVE
The authors investigated the experience of being diagnosed with cancer and the effects of its treatment on patients' partners.

METHOD
The authors conducted an observational, longitudinal study of 103 couples facing the diagnosis of either localized (potentially curable) or metastatic (incurable) PCA at Time 1 and then 6 months later (Time 2).

RESULTS
At both Time 1 and Time 2, psychological distress, marital satisfaction, and family functioning were measured in patients and partners; coping was measured in partners only. Partner maladaptive coping patterns of avoidance and self-blame at Time 1 predicted greater partner psychological distress at Time 2, as did "wishful thinking" at Time 2.

DISCUSSION
Psychosocial interventions designed to promote adaptive coping in couples facing PCA warrant systematic study.


Background — Differential diagnosis of pneumonia vs. tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection and pulmonary dissemination syndrome is an important problem in contemporary clinical medicine. The goal of our study was to determine the features of iron metabolism in patients with HIV infection and pulmonary dissemination in tuberculosis and pneumonia. Methods — The case-control study was conducted on 42 cases (patients with tuberculosis, hereinafter referred to as Group 1) and 44 control subjects (patients with pneumonia, hereinafter referred to as Group 2). All of them had HIV infection and syndrome of pulmonary dissemination. For subjects in both groups, we analyzed clinical and social characteristics, along with laboratory data. We also examined hepcidin content, iron concentration, and ferritin level in blood serum, and performed statistical data processing. Findings — There were significant differences between cases and controls in terms of iron metabolism. Hepcidin and hemoglobin levels were statistically significantly higher (p <0·001), whereas iron concentration was lower (p=0·0002) in patients with tuberculosis (cases). Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between groups in CD4+ T-cell count, viral load, and RBC and WBC counts in complete blood count tests; in duration of complaints prior to hospital admission; and in terms of job stability. Conclusion — The quantitative parameters with the greatest statistical significance of the differences between the groups were iron concentration, hepcidin level, RBC count, WBC count, and CD4+ T-cell count.


The genetic variability of 56 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) isolated from Guangdong Province and its adjacent regions were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analysis of their PCR-amplified ORF5 fragments.The 56 isolates included 43 highly pathogenic PRRSV(HP-PRRSV) ones.Combined restriction enzyme digestion with MluⅠ,HincⅡand SacⅡ,revealed 8 distinct RFLP patterns.Six out of 56 PRRSV isolates(10.7 %)exhibited the same RFLP pattern as that of a modified American live PRRS vaccine(Ingelvac PRRS MLV),which showed a pattern of 2-5-2,while the other 50 isolates presented 7 RFLP patterns.Forty three HP-PRRSV isolates,all belonging to wild type,exhibited 7 RFLP patterns different from 2-5-2;and thirteen classical PRRSV isolates also showed 4 distinct patterns.The results demonstrated that extensive variation existed among these PRRSV strains.


Using the methods of industrial structure entropy, conversion coefficient of industrial structures, agricultural diversification index, multi-sectoral model of economic analysis, energy production coefficient, the article makes intensive study on rural transformation development of Yulin City in Northern Shaanxi. From 1978 to 2011, rural development in Yulin had gone through 5 stages, which were reform and opening up, exploitation of Shenfu coalfield, promotion of market economy, the construction of energy and heavy chemical industry base and new countryside construction. The maximum conversion velocity coefficient of industrial structures in Yulin was 0.276 in 1998 to 2003, After 2004, the conversion velocity coefficient of primary and secondary industries decreased sharply while that of the second industry increased, which showed that industrial structure of Yulin was in the process of industrialization from the lower level to the higher one. In 2011, the proportion of household operating income to farmer net income decreased to 52.8%, which was the main source of rural income, meanwhile, the proportion of food consumption expenditure decreased from 63.07% in1990 to 19.9% in 2011, which was the major expenditure of rural region. From 1991 to 2011, the average contribution degree to the economic growth of industrial structure change was 3.94%; meanwhile, the 29% of GDP growth is produced by industrial structure change. The elastic coefficient of energy production in Yulin was 1.8, the 44.44% of developed energy resources value was spilled over. All the above showed that agricultural production efficiency of Yulin is relatively low, the heavy industry's capability to absorb agricultural labor force is limited, so the deviation of industrial structure and the employment structure is significant.


ERRORS MISSED BY QUALITY CONTROL (AUTO-ANALYZER TECHNIQUES ONLY) bench. With manual techniques many haphazard errors occurring on the bench will remain undetected. Table III indicates where uncontrollable mistakes are still possible with the use of the Auto-Analyzer. These mistakes, with the exception of the first, are due to transcription and translocation in the laboratory. They can be reduced by double-checking on all possible occasions, but as they are human in origin, they can only be entirely eliminated by completely computer controlled automation. The means to make this possible are already available, but the installation would be very expensive and only economically possible in large departments. It thus seems that if we are to approach the ultimate goal of being able to guarantee within specified limits the accuracy of every assay leaving the laboratory, we shall have to move more and more towards the concept of large centralised laboratories doing as much of the clinical biochemistry load as possible.


Nanocatalysts PtCu/C with different distribution of components in bimetallic PtCu nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by simultaneous and sequential deposition of Cu and Pt on carbon support. Electrochemical stability of the obtained samples PtCu/C was studied using the cyclic voltammetry. Characterization of atomic structure of as prepared PtCu NPs and obtained after acid treatment was performed by Pt L3- and Cu K-edge EXAFS using the technique for determining local structure parameters of the absorbing atom under strong correlations among them. EXAFS derived parameters were used for generation of structural models of PtCu NPs by the method of cluster simulations. Within this approach, the models of atomic structure of PtCu NPs obtained by the two methods of synthesis, before and after post treatment and after two months from their preparation were revealed.


We investigated the effect of the sheath around the probe tips on the transmission spectrum of a cutoff probe using an electromagnetic simulation and a circuit model. Our results show that the width of the sheath can change the transmission spectrum, which can affect the absolute value of the electron density. In a real-world cutoff probe structure, this effect may become apparent in a low-density plasma or when a high bias voltage is applied to the plasma. The key factor is capacitance, which contains the sheath component. In the case of a low-density plasma, the change in the sheath capacitance of the sheath region contributes to the shift in the resonant frequency. For thick sheath widths, at least a 5% discrepancy can occur between the actual plasma frequency and the measurement owing to variations in the capacitance, particularly the sheath components surrounding the probe. We expect that this study will facilitate reduction in the measurement error and uncertainty in microwave cutoff probe measurements, particularly when applied to low-density plasma measurements.


The objective of Richard Shusterman's Pragmatist Aesthetics (1992) is to show that the book Art as Experience (1934) by John Dewey is a key reference for contemporary aesthetics, due to the fact that the latter allows for the analysis of the continuity between the aesthetic experience and the normal processes of life in the core of the so-called post-modern society. Shusterman opposes pragmatic aesthetics to analytical aesthetics, since the latter privileges the analysis of the art object in detriment of the aesthetic experience. He also opposes it to continental aesthetics, in particular to the austere, shady and elitist Marxism, attributed to Theodor W. Adorno. Our objective in this essay is to show that the autonomy of the authentic work of art, defended by Adorno was interpreted by Shusterman as the isolation of art from the material world and the real praxis, what would imply the neutralization of its potential social criticism. Shusterman's judgment derives from his identification with the work of art's autonomy and the artistic esoterism, disregarding the fact that the defense of the autonomy of modern art is non-separable from the vanguardist blueprint of the beginning of the century – aestheticalisation of life. In contrast to this vanguardist body of ideas, Shusterman thinks the aestheticalisation of reality at the level of the consumption society, that is, at the level of mass media. According to the author it is the popular culture (pop) such as rap that, assuming an eminently political character, can violate the ideals of purity and integrity of certain artistic formalisms. We finally remark that the intention of Pragmatist Aesthetics is to react to the criticism of the analytical and the continental aesthetics asserting the aesthetic reality of popular art, as well as its political dimension. In addition, we also highlight that the consolidation of the pragmatic aesthetic in the core of American philosophy, since its publication, depends on the production of essays that interpret singular popular art works placing them in carefully constituted historical contexts. If this occurs, this book of Shusterman will have performed its duty: a blueprint for further works.


Abstract The type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) down-regulates the expression of hepcidin, the main regulator of systemic iron homeostasis, and increases in this way iron plasma levels. Matriptase-2 is up-regulated under hypoxic conditions, providing a new link between hypoxia signaling and iron homeostasis. In this study, we have characterized the TMPRSS6 promoter region and identified a functional hypoxia-responsive element (HRE). Mutations of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-binding site located within the HRE abrogate HIF-1α-dependent induction of TMPRSS6 expression. The action of HIF-1α on TMPRSS6 promoter activity reveals a new regulative element for the suppression of hepcidin synthesis.


Based on the theoretical framework of French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, this article analyzes the transformation of the Salafi movement in Egypt in the post-Mubarak period. Originally a movement with an exclusive focus on religion, the ouster of Mubarak and the democratic process it initiated turned Salafi groups into political actors. This article seeks to describe how Salafis, historically ardent critics of political engagement and democracy, try to adapt to their newfound political role and explain if such politicization is feasible without losing religious legitimacy. Addressing a situation still surrounded by much uncertainty, the article argues that through this double involvement, Salafi groups risk losing legitimacy within both their religious and political constituencies.


This research studies the protection of minors from the perspective of constitutional law. Because the protection of children and youth as state enforcement must have the legitimacy according to the constitutional principle of rule of law. In order to make this study more convincing, it's necessary at first to introduce the relevant development in the germany, where since the 1950s there are many important discussions about this issue. Then, this article attempts to analyse the Judicial Yuan's interpretations and on the strength of germany's experience complement it's contents, which means fundamental that the protection of minors belongs to the guarantee of minor's personality right. Its constitutional basis is Article 22 of the Constitution. Therefore, the whole state's action about the protection of minors must be complied with this constitutional guarantee. It goes naturally not beyond the restrictions concluded from constitutional principle of rule of law like the test of proportionality. Finally, focus of this study is placed on the laws dealing with harmful informations on the internet. According to the constitutional construction of the protection of minors this article will provide some useful suggestions about the adjustment of the laws in the future such as the reinforcement of the self-regulation and the addition of children education or welfare experts to the National Communications Commission.


In this paper, we present a set of compact formulations to model the response of the electromagnetic well-logging tools in eccentric multilayered medium. Different from previous models, the coil antennas are imbedded in an insulating protection layer (IPL) rather than expose to the borehole directly, which agrees much better with some real tools, e.g., the array induction logging tool. The effects of both metal mandrel and an IPL are considered in eccentric scenarios. Our formulations are derived on the basis of the ratios of cylindrical functions, which obviate the notorious overflow issues during numerical computation. Numerical results show that the effect of IPL gradually appears with the increase of the eccentric distance.


Maxwell's equations hold in inertial reference frames in uniform translational motion relative to one another. In conjunction with the Lorentz coordinate transformation equations, the transformation equations for the electric and magnetic field components in these reference frames can be derived. As the derivation of the Lorentz coordinate transformation equations depends on the relativity of simultaneity, and indeed on the argument on the relativity of simultaneity, electromagnetic phenomena indicate that human cognition is involved in the structure and functioning of the physical world.


New Orleans — As the number of male patients undergoing liposuction grows, experience shows that these patients' outcomes, as well as the techniques and instrumentation required to achieve them, differ from those of female patients.


Internal photoemission has been observed in the spectral response of specially designed Ga0.47In0.53As‐InP p+N− heterojunction photodiodes. Power‐law fits to the internal photoemission as a function of photon energy allow precise determination of threshold energies from which the conduction‐band discontinuity is easily and accurately deduced to be ΔEc=203±15 meV at room temperature. These measurements have been performed at temperatures from 135 to 297 K. The temperature dependence of ΔEc is described by ∂(ΔEc)/∂T=−0.2±0.1 meV/K.


A field experiment was conducted at Sakha, Res. Station during two winter seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019), to evaluate the effect of land leveling (Traditional and Laser land leveling) and cut off irrigation (without cutoff and cutoff irrigation) on nitrate losses into drainage water in clay soil as well as yields, Nuptake and irrigation water productivity (PIW) of wheat. Results showed that: Laser land leveling and/or cutoff irrigation led to reduce of irrigation water amount, drain discharge rates and cumulative discharges compared to traditional leveling and/or irrigation.NO3 contents of the soil after N-fertilizer application under Laser land leveling and/or cut off irrigation were higher than traditional leveling and/or irrigation. Laser land leveling and/or cutoff irrigation led to less amount of nitrogen losses in drainage water. The overall average values of NO3 losses were 17.94, 14.20, 12.45 and 8.16 kgfed for traditional leveling with traditional irrigation, traditional leveling with cut off irrigation, Laser leveling with traditional irrigation and Laser land leveling with cut off irrigation, respectively. The corresponding values of nitrogen losses were 4.05, 3.21, 2.81 and 1.84 kgfed, respectively. Laser land leveling with or without cut off irrigation led to enhancing yields, N-uptake and PIW of wheat. Laser land leveling application resulted in increasing wheat grain yield by 11.73% and N-uptake by 6.50 kgfed than traditional leveling. Laser land levelling application lead to reducing nitrate losses into drainage water, thereby increased the efficacy of N fertilizers and increased the wheat productivity. Cut off irrigation reduced the potential for nutrient-N loss through better irrigation.


Although the Neolithic period is defined by farming, physical evidence for processes associated with farming are rare, with agricultural practices usually indicated by environmental and biomolecular proxies for domesticates such as pollen evidence, ceramic residues and lipids, animal bones, plant remains and stable isotope studies. This paper will, we hope, invigorate discussion on the recognition, interpretation and significance of physical traces of farming in Scotland. The starting point will be the summary of two excavations, Wellhill and Cranberry, both Perth and Kinross, in 2014 and 2016 respectively, part of the Strathearn Environs and Royal Forteviot (SERF) project. These cropmark sites revealed evidence for possible Neolithic farming in the form of possible ard marks and field ditches. There follows a synthesis of physical evidence for Neolithic farming in Scotland, drawing together evidence for ard marks, field boundaries, cultivation ridges, cultivated middens, and soils. Recommendations are made for recognising and interpreting such features on excavations, and the potential benefits of giving a higher profile to the act of farming in our narratives about Neolithic lifeways in Scotland and beyond are briefly explored.


This paper addresses the problem of underwater acoustic channel estimation for communications in time-varying environments. In the case of a rapidly time-varying environment, the channel needs to be estimated and tracked continuously. In this case, prior information on the channel can be used to improve channel estimation performance. In this paper, a-priori statistics on the channel time-variations are used in order to obtain a maximum a-posteriori estimator for channel tap-coefficients. It is also shown that in a shallow water waveguide, typical channel time-variations span a small subspace of channel tap-coefficients variations. This fact is used to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated and improve the channel estimation performance. The results demonstrate a performance gain of 5-10 dB in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio in decision-feedback equalizer mean-squared error, compared to the least-squares method which ignores the a-priori statistics on the channel time-variations.


Disclosed is a photo-acoustic device enabling reduction of image variation caused by the variation with time of the amount of output light of a light source. The photo-acoustic device comprises a light source (2a) for irradiating a subject with a pulse light beam, a detector (5) for detecting an acoustic wave produced in the subject (3) by the pulse light beam, an amount-of-light measuring module (8a) for measuring the amount of output light of the light source (2a), and a signal processing unit (15) for acquiring information relating to the inside of the subject from the detection signal acquired from the detector (5). The signal processing unit corrects the magnitude of the detection signal so that the variation of the magnitude of the detection signal attributed to the variation with time of the amount of output light is minimized.


There has been recent interest in whether serial dependence, a temporal bias in working memory and perception, is generated by higher-order cognitive or sensory areas. Based on the literature suggesting prefrontal areas combined with a recent article by de Azevedo Neto & Bartels (1), providing causal evidence for serial dependence relying on premotor cortex but not the visual area hV5/MT+, I here argue for a higher-order and multi-area origin of serial dependence.


Well logs with deep investigation capabilities are necessary to determine accurately the height of hydraulically produced fractures. Logs with shallow investigation capability will indicate the height of the fracture near the well bore, but as shown in a test in an East Texas well, fracture height in some formations can be substantially greater away from the well bore. In the East Texas test, six wire line surveys were run, including the usual gamma ray surveys. The fracture heights determined by the above logs are plotted. The independent estimates of gross fracture height varied considerably. Four logs, TWRL, VDL, SCAN, and CEL appear to be influenced by the fracture. Results were inconclusive from the Au and the CBL log. Analysis of each of these indicates a different minimum fracture height in this well.


Background: Problem‐solving skills may be affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because the ability to solve problems is integral to the social, educational, and vocational reintegration of persons who have sustained a TBI, interventions to improve this executive function have become an important part of rehabilitation. Aims: This Phase I study examined the effects of a behavioural intervention, interactive strategy modelling training (ISMT), on problem solving by individuals who had incurred a TBI. Methods & Procedures: Study participants were 20 individuals recruited from TBI support groups. All lived at home and were several months post‐injury. Participants received a period of ISMT intended to train them to use meta‐cognitive strategies to solve 20‐questions problems. RAPS (Rapid Assessment of Problem Solving), a clinical test of problem solving was used to assess the effects of ISMT (Marshall, Karow, Morelli, Iden, & Dixon, 2003a). RAPS was administered before (Pre‐training), after (Post‐training), and 1‐month after training (Follow‐up). Outcomes & Results: Participants improved in problem solving significantly on RAPS from the Pre‐ to the Post‐training tests. Specifically, they (a) solved problems with fewer questions, (b) asked more constraint‐seeking questions, and (c) increased their question‐asking efficiency scores. These improvements were maintained on the Follow‐up test. Conclusions: Improved problem solving on RAPS was associated with better planning and strategy use, less impulsivity, and strategy shifting. Results suggest that IMST had a therapeutic effect and indicate a need to develop further hypotheses for testing ISMT in functional contexts.


Retroductionism grasps objects from tracing back to the history.Holism takes hold of objects by colligating the reality.Ecologism respects objects for the future.And complicated field realizes the unitication of the history,the reality and the future,the consistancy of time and space from stereoscopic and background.


After a duration of four years, the project "Return and Reintegration Assistance for Voluntary Returnees to Kosovo" (AVRR* Kosovo), which was co-funded by the European Return Fund, the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior and the federal provinces of Lower Austria, Carinthia and Tyrol, will come to a close at the end of June 2012. In order to assess the results and success of the project, an external evaluation of the project and a monitoring visit to Kosovo were recently undertaken.


A new long period fibre grating (LPFG) is demonstrated, for which the transmission loss at the resonance peak can be tuned from 1.2 to 29 dB after fabrication. For such a large tuning range, the shift of the peak loss wavelength is <2.2 nm. The tunability is obtained by adjusting the amount of stress applied to the LPFG, composed of an etched corrugation structure. No light exposure is required.


The invention relates to a mowing and revolving knife. Without dismantling the revolving knife from a cutting machine, a wire sawing blade can be simply installed on the revolving knife so as to be suitable for various cutting occasions accurately, so that the efficiency of cutting operation is improved. The mowing and revolving knife is characterized in that a metal matrix is installed on an installation surface on the cutting machine; on a circumferential line at the outer side of the periphery of a saw table support flange of the cutting machine, a plurality of wire sawing blade locking parts for locking the wire sawing blade at a certain height are arranged; on each wire sawing blade locking part, the wire sawing blade can be respectively locked in an assembling and disassembling way. The wire sawing blade is formed by a nylon rope with the specified length, and locking arts are arranged on the end parts of a base body, so that the wire sawing blade is prevented from coming off from the wire sawing blade locking parts to the peripheral edge direction of the metal base body, and meanwhile, the tip part is located on an outer side position, which has a certain distance from a cutting head of the metal matrix. In addition, the wire sawing blade locking parts are formed by crimping a part, which is opened to be with a reversed C-shaped surface view, of the metal matrix, to form a cylindrical shape, or formed by a protruded part formed on an installing surface of the metal matrix.


The authors observed disturbances of acid-base equilibrium and levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in 116 cases of CO intoxication. The patients were treated early -- at the place of the accident and during transport to hospital. Oxygen treatment was applied, the acid-base equilibrium disturbances were corrected, especially the metabolic acidosis by using alkaline substances. This management enabled rapid elimination of the poison from the organism and an improvement in the general condition of the patients.


The effect of air-drying and osmotic dehydration of banana slices (Cavendish variety of'Australia) on the flavour and volatile components of dried banana was studied. This was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the drying kinetics of banana, and the influence of process parameters on maintaining or enhancing the quality of dried product in terms of volatile retention. Air-drying of banana was found to occur mainly in the falling rate period. A diffusion model based on Fick's Second Law was used to predict the changes of moisture content as a function of drying time at different temperatures, and thickness of banana slabs. Green and ripe banana slices were dried to investigate the influence of different maturity of banana on the drying behavior. The effects of process parameters (temperature, concentration, and sugar nature) on the kinetics of moisture loss and solute uptake in osmotic dehydration of banana slabs were also studied. The results indicated that the effect of temperature was more significant than syrup concentration on both water loss and solute uptake in the process. The different solute uptake between green and ripe banana was found to be related to the difference in tissue structure and carbohydrate contents between these bananas. Banana slabs, which had undergone osmosis and then air-dried were more


Mathematical model of the dynamic stiffness of the flexible coupling was builded,the data obtained through dynamic testing,and quantitative formula of the dynamic stiffness was derived,which was analyzed and processed.The results showed that the dynamic stiffness was a strong function of the average torque,and negatively correlated with temperature and the torque changes,it was not a strong function of frequency,the data showed that the dynamic stiffness and vibration frequency changes in the opposite direction,which contrasted with the results expected.


The results of the treatment of women (n = 94) suffering from genital endometriosis are presented. The first (control, n = 30) group of women received standard drug therapy; the second (main, n = 64) group of women additionally had hirudotherapy procedures using medical leeches. The course of treatment consisted of 10–12 procedures. The state of cerebral circulation was assessed according to the rheoencephalography data before and after the treatment, as well as after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. As a result, in patients in the 2-nd (main) group receiving complex treatment, the state of cerebral circulation improved
signifi cantly. Moreover, according to the statistical regression analysis, it was possible to predict its further decrease by two periods ahead, compared with the treatment results in patients in the 1-st (control) group.


The paper investigates potential effects of euroization on the economy of Poland. It develops an empirical framework to provide estimations of the euro adoption costs arising from a loss of exchange rate regime as a macro-stabilization tool. The paper quantifies how a replacement of zloty with the euro, and thus the elimination of exchange rate would affect output fluctuations in Poland. Our analysis of the forecast error variance decomposition confirms that the real exchange rate served as an external shock absorber for Polish economy in 1990-2014. We find that external shocks on average explain up to 12-13% of the exchange rate variation and up to 5% in variation of Polish log-transformed output. We also find that over the past two decades the Poland's economy has become more resilient to external shocks, and thus it is reasonable to expect the cost of euro adoption to decline with further EU integration.


This study aims to analyze the benefits and harms of implementing Halal Tourism in West Nusa Tenggara Province from the perspective of maqāṣid sharīa. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and holistic Fiqh theory. The phenomenological approach is carried out to analyze social phenomena after implementing halal tourism. The Fiqh theory approach focuses more on Islamic law within the scope of maqāṣid al-sharīa. The results of the study state that the impact of halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara Province on the community, tourists, and the government is dominated by benefit rather than benefit. The impact of halal tourism from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīa can be seen from indicators in maintaining religion (hifdzu sd-din) in halal tourism, namely the convenience for tourists with the availability of prayer facilities in each destination. In protecting life (hide an-nafs), local governments are increasing the number of halal certifications, localization of Halal tourism destinations, and restrictions on alcoholic beverages. In maintaining reason (hifdz al-'aql), the role of the community in developing halal tourism is carried out through Islamic boarding schools. In protecting offspring (hifdz an-nasl), tourists and the public can use several sharia-compliant lodging accommodations such as the Syariah Motel and the Grand Madani Syariah Hotel. Meanwhile, in protecting assets (hifdz al-maal), the community and government provide halal businesses and Islamic financial institutions such as Bank NTB Syariah. The contribution of this article is a guide for the government in making policies and regulations for the implementation of halal tourism in Indonesia.


In summer 2002, the foundations of the rood-screen of the former St. John's Church were uncovered by archeological excavations in front of the Theologische Fakultat in Paderbom. This church was part of the monastery of the Franciscan Frairs Minor, who settled here in the 13th century. Later the Jesuits received the site and built the Collegium and the Academia Theodoriana on it. Other findings go back to the middle ages and allow assumptions on the run of a moat in Carolingian times. The article describes the archeological discoveries and reconstructs the history of the building-up of this area.


The structure of Li5BiO5, determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction, is of the rocksalt type, but exhibits ordering of cations and anion vacancies related to that found in the ordered, low temperature TiO phase.


The increasing population, diminishing resources, and environmental deterioration are great challenges to humankind. In China, the problems related to the fragile environment, population increase, drought, dust storm, and soil deterioration have limited the socioeconomic development and improvement in human living conditions. Many researches and practices in North China and the world have approved of conservation tillage (CT), aside from its benefits of yield increases and costs reduction, including the social benefits of depressing wind erosion, greenhouse gas emission, and improving soil fertility. Due to the profitability resulting from the use of CT, government planning and support from all sectors is necessary.


The ROOT system in an Object Oriented framework for large scale data analysis. ROOT written in C ++, contains, among others, an efficient hierarchical 00 database, a C ++ interpreter. advanced statistical analysis (multi-dimensional histogramming, fitting, minimization, cluster finding algorithms) and visualization tools. The user interacts with ROOT via a graphical user interface, the command line or batch scripts. The command and scripting language is C + + (using the interpreter) and large scripts can be compiled and dynamically linked in. The 00 database design has been optimized for parallel access (reading as well as writing) by multiple processes.


Abstract This paper describes the development of the knowledge base of the expert system EXACT (EXpert system of Actuated control for Traffic at isolated intersections). EXACT was developed to assist traffic engineers in selecting the appropriate type of traffic-actuated controller and its associated features, the type of detector and its configuration, and time settings at a particular intersection. The knowledge-base of EXACT consists of three primary elements: frames, parameters, and rules. These elements are activated by a back-word chaining mechanism during a consultation. The ability to explain its reasoning process to the user is one important feature of EXACT. Moreover, EXACT's knowledge-base has the capability of interfacing with graphics program in order to enhance the understandability of the system. A full description of the knowledge-base development of EXACT as well as its graphics interface are presented below.


The invention discloses a fuzzy controller for controlling the motion of a four-footed robot. A control rule of the fuzzy controller consists of four groups of adaptive fuzzy control rules and is used for modulating a topological network of a Van Der Pol neural oscillator of the four-footed robot. The fuzzy controller can adaptively adjust parameters of the Van Der Pol neural oscillator by adopting the corresponding rules according to different environment feedback signals, so that the network of the Van Der Pol neural oscillator generates a stable and coordinated joint driving signal of the four-footed robot. The fuzzy controller is applied to the four-footed robot, each leg of which has two rotational degrees of freedom (a hip joint rotational degree of freedom and a knee joint rotational degree of freedom). By the joint driving signal which is modulated by the fuzzy controller and generated by the topological network of the Van Der Pol neural oscillator, the four-footed robot can walk stably in indoor and outdoor different environments adaptively.


This paper first introduced the DTM technology theory , then it introduced and analyzed two kinds of access modes that is "SDH+PON" access mode and "SDH+VC TS" access mode in SDH Optical Access Network at the present time?In the end, this paper pointed the superiority of the "SDH+DTM" access mode.


Semiconductor manufacturers deal with complex processes, diverse product lines, and rapidly changing technologies while facing a competitive global market. There is also increased adoption of digital technologies with globalization, which creates an interconnection between each process. Digital connectivity and adaptation to advanced automated technologies increase dependence on data and the vulnerability to cyber-attacks. The presence of cyber-attacks in manufacturing causes delays in processing times for manufacturing, which impact performance and energy consumption. This study proposes a framework consisting of an energy quantification model, cyber risk modeling, and simulation analyses to address the impact of cyber threats on the energy quantification of semiconductor manufacturing. The performance of the wafer fab is analyzed using the cycle time, throughput rate, and work-in-process level since they lead to the energy quantification in processes. Then the cyber-attack scenario is included in the simulation model to evaluate the impact of the cyberattack on energy quantification.