The aim of this article is to highlight the specificity of the Deleuzian reception of Henri Bergson's thought about the concept of image from its development in Gilles Deleuze's books on cinema: Cinema 1: The Movement Image (1983) and Cinema 2: The Time-Image (1985). This analysis has a singular relevance on the various levels of experience: aesthetic, ontological, political and pedagogical. The idea is to show how the theory of images, proposed by Bergson in Matter and Memory (1896), is reinterpreted by Deleuze assuming new philosophical positions, the scope of which exceeds that of the original proposal, while maintaining absolute argumentative coherence.


Cardiac chamber rupture is very rare in traumapatients who reach the emergency department alive. Here, we report a case of cardiac injury after Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC), in which sternal fracture fragment was thought to penetrate the pericardium as well as the right ventricular free wall and result in eventual exsanguinations and death. The diagnosis of this case was confounded by patient's vague symptoms and prior history of coronary disease. This case highlights the utility of using Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in accurately diagnosing these rare but potentially fatal injuries.


I'm not sure exactly when I decided to become a nurse. When I was in fourth or fifth grade, I flirted briefly with the notion of becoming a veterinarian, but then I began to read the Cherry Ames series of books. Cherry was smart, caring, and independent. She had a job; she traveled. She had the courage to ask questions and to break the rules occasionally, when necessary. I was impressed. But I didn't think seriously about becoming a nurse until my freshman year in high school, when the guidance counselor met with each of us, explaining that it was time to start thinking about our plans for after school. This was in an era when most young women went into teach ing, nursing, or secretarial work. The more I learned about what nurses did, the more I felt nurs ing was a good choice: the work changed constantly and was im portant. (I did think about be coming a physician for about a minute—but the education was long and costly, and the profession seemed not nearly as exciting by Cherry Ames standards.) After a trip with a younger brother to an ED, I fell in love with emergency nursing. Saving lives in the nick of time seemed especially exciting and heroic. During college, I worked as a nurse's aide on medical–surgical units in two different hospitals. I observed the nurses and tried to emulate those who were organized and whose patients always seemed well cared for and satisfied. I listened to nurses talking with physicians and department heads to make sure their patients were getting the necessary tests and medications, and with patients' families to explain procedures and allay fears. Time and again, I saw nurses do things they really didn't have time for, forgoing lunch or staying late be cause a patient needed something. I began to see that it wasn't only the emergencies that came with thrills and acts of courage. Watching a patient go home when few thought he would ever do so, see ing a patient triumph in giving herself an insulin in jection, these events also prompted excitement. And there were heroics, too. I watched a nurse manager take flak from a medical chief for refusing to trans fer an ICU patient who needed continuing intensive care just to make room for a VIP who really didn't. I watched a nursing director take a stand against the hospital CEO, keeping beds vacant until she could be assured of reasonably adequate staffing. Once, nurses held surgeons, residents, and patient transporters at bay, insisting that they wait for an elderly woman to arrive so that she could see her husband before his surgery; it turned out to be the last time she saw him. My clinical career eventu ally included emergency, outpatient oncology, and medical–surgical nursing, as well as a short stint in a neonatal ICU. Now I spend much of my time listening to "real nurses" (as my sons might say) talk about their work. I'm always impressed and often humbled. When I ask other nurses why they chose nursing as a career, most just shrug their shoulders and say something like "It seemed like the work would be challenging and worthwhile" or "I wanted to do something that would matter." Although some cite job security, saying "I knew I'd always be able to find a job," this isn't mentioned as frequently as it used to be. But by and large, what attracts most men and women to nursing seems to come down to two things: the work has value and meaning, and the salary is decent. Just about every nurse I've spoken with says the work is harder than she or he thought it would be. This month we celebrate National Nurses Week (May 6 through May 12). Our cover features a pho tograph of Carolyn Freeman, a volunteer nurse with the American Red Cross Disaster Health Services. (See On the Cover for more information.) Accord ing to the Red Cross, more than 20,000 paid and volunteer nurses work in various capacities; Sharon Stanley, the organization's chief nurse, tells me that 4,500 of these nurses provide disaster health services. Nurses' work is hard work, physically, mentally, and emotionally; yet these men and women ask them selves to do even more, traveling on a moment's notice to places ravaged by disasters. I'm in awe of these nurses. But then again, I'm in awe of most nurses, whose commitment to patients is tried and proven every day. Happy Nurses Week! ▼ Choosing


For this thesis, I examined the effects of the re-introduction of fluctuating surface water levels in freshwater wetlands. These systems, and especially the rich fen wetlands that I focused on, often consist of a mosaic of aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial vegetation types, including many biodiverse communities with high numbers of endangered species. Rich fens are protected under the European Habitat Directive (transition mires and quaking bogs, type H7140), and are characteristic for well-buffered (with respect to acidity) and nutrient-poor conditions. Next to overall eutrophication, high NH4-concentrations may specifically be toxic to bryophytes and vascular plants in rich fens. For the preservation and restoration of rich fens, it is therefore important to prevent acidification, eutrophication and toxicity. As a general conclusion, I have been able to unravel the differential effects of water table fluctuation in rich fens in relation to surface water quality, peat quality and season, by the combination of correlative field research, large-scale and smaller scale field manipulation experiments, climate room and peat incubation experiments. In this way, this thesis not only contributes to more fundamental biogeochemical and ecological issues related to surface water level fluctuations, but can also be used for decision support in the hydrological management of rich fens.


In Egypt, hepatitis C is highly endemic (up to 15% of the population are chronic infected), in which hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is the most common type, where HCV is a risk factor for diffuse large B cell, marginal zone, and follicular lymphomas. Hepatitis flare up was defined as three fold or greater increase in serum ALT level, this flaring up may be attributed to reactivation of viral hepatitis, drug hepatotoxicity and or malignant infiltration. Viral reactivation is a well-recognized complication in patients with chronic HCV infection, who received cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for cancer. Hepatitis flare up in patients undergoing chemotherapy may jeopardize chemotherapy schedule or even cause lethal hepatic failure of the patients. Aim of work: Our study was aiming to assess the possible causes of hepatitis flare up in patients with hematologic malignancies during chemotherapy, to evaluate the possible impact of chemotherapeutic agents on hepatitis C reactivation and to identify risk factors that may promote viral reactivation in those patients. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out in Gasrtroentrology and Hepatology, Hematology and Medical Oncology Units, Internal Medicine Department in collaboration with Clinical Pathology Department, Zagazig University Hospital during period between June 2011 and December 2012. A total of 60 consecutive patients with different types of hematological malignancies,16 patients had NHL, 5 patients had HD, 15 patients had ALL, 5 patients had AML, 10 patients had CML, 4 patients had CLL and 5 patients had MM were included in this study. Based on serum markers testing for HCV, patients were classified into two groups: Group (A): included 29 patients who had HCV infection. Group (B): included 31 patients in whom viral markers tests were negative. All patients were subjected to a complete history and physical examination, routine laboratory investigations including: Complete blood picture, Liver function tests (ALT, AST, S. Albumin, S. Bilirubin and INR), Blood urea and serum creatinine, random blood glucose, E.S.R., L.D.H, Serum Uric acid, viral hepatitis and radiological studies. Complete blood picture, liver function tests (ALT, AST, S. Albumin, S.Bilirubin and INR), blood urea and serum creatinine were reevaluated after every chemotherapy cycle. All patients had HBsAg and HBc Ab negative tests. Result: Eight patients had hepatitis flare up in group A four of them were due to HCV reactivation (4/8 patient 50%) and three patients due to hepatotoxicity (3/8 patient 37.5 %) of chemotherapy and only one patient (1/8) about 12.5% due to malignant infiltration. Our study recorded that only 4 patients in group A out of 29 (13.7%) developed HCV reactivation. In group B hepatitis flare up due to hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy (2/4 patients 50 %) and malignant infiltration (2/4 patients 50%). Hepatitis flare up were noticed frequently in NHL patients subjected to CHOP regimen of chemotherapy. Conclusion: We concluded that hepatitis C virus reactivation was a well recognized complication in patients with hematological malignancies who received cytotoxic that may result in poor outcome. (Emad Emam, Emad F. Hamed, Ehab F. Mostafa, Hesham Attia,Ashraf M. ElHefni and Manal M. El Gaerby. Hepatitis C Virus Reactivation in Patients with Heamatological Malignancies, Single Egyptian Center Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):610-615). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88


The increase in global temperature has been attributed to increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), mainly that of CO 2 . The threat of severe and complex socioeconomic and ecological implications of climate change have initiated an international process that aims to reduce emissions, to increase C sinks, and to protect existing C reservoirs. The famous Kyoto protocol is an offspring of this process. The Kyoto protocol and its accords state that signatory countries need to monitor their forest C pools, and to follow the guidelines set by the IPCC in the preparation, reporting and quality assessment of the C pool change estimates. The aims of this thesis were i) to estimate the changes in carbon stocks vegetation and soil in the forests in Finnish forests from 1922 to 2004, ii) to evaluate the applied methodology by using empirical data, iii) to assess the reliability of the estimates by means of uncertainty analysis, iv) to assess the effect of forest C sinks on the reliability of the entire national GHG inventory, and finally, v) to present an application of model-based stratification to a large-scale sampling design of soil C stock changes. The applied methodology builds on the forest inventory measured data (or modelled stand data), and uses statistical modelling to predict biomasses and litter productions, as well as a dynamic soil C model to predict the decomposition of litter. The mean vegetation C sink of Finnish forests from 1922 to 2004 was 3.3 Tg C a, and in soil was 0.7 Tg C a. Soil is slowly accumulating C as a consequence of increased growing stock and unsaturated soil C stocks in relation to current detritus input to soil that is higher than in the beginning of the period. Annual estimates of vegetation and soil C stock changes fluctuated considerably during the period, were frequently opposite (e.g. vegetation was a sink but soil was a source). The inclusion of vegetation sinks into the national GHG inventory of 2003 increased its uncertainty from between -4% and 9% to ± 19% (95% CI), and further inclusion of upland mineral soils increased it to ± 24%. The uncertainties of annual sinks can be reduced most efficiently by concentrating on the quality of the model input data. Despite the decreased precision of the national GHG inventory, the inclusion of uncertain sinks improves its accuracy due to the larger sectoral coverage of the inventory. If the national soil sink estimates were prepared by repeated soil sampling of model-stratified sample plots, the uncertainties would be accounted for in the stratum formation and sample allocation. Otherwise, the increases of sampling efficiency by stratification remain smaller. The highly variable and frequently opposite annual changes in ecosystem C pools imply the importance of full ecosystem C accounting. If forest C sink estimates will be used in practice average sink estimates seem a more reasonable basis than the annual estimates. This is due to the fact that annual forest sinks vary considerably and annual estimates are uncertain, and they have severe consequences for the reliability of the total national GHG balance. The estimation of average sinks should still be based on annual or even more frequent data due to the non-linear decomposition process that is influenced by the annual climate. The methodology used in this study to predict forest C sinks can be transferred to other countries with some modifications. The ultimate verification of sink estimates should be based on comparison to empirical data, in which case the model-based stratification presented in this study can serve to improve the efficiency of the sampling design.


This study explores the mating behavior of guppies, attempting to determine whether male guppies are more attracted to brightly-colored females.  Previous studies done have shown a connection between color, size, and male behavior; however, we would like to perform a study that isolates color as the only focus. For this study, we tested a bright pink fish and a white fish of the same size to see which one the guppy would demonstrate the most mating behavior towards; we predicted that the male guppy would show more mating behaviors towards the bright pink guppy than the white one.  During every trial, the guppy showed more interest in the pink fish than the white fish comparatively, suggesting that the guppy truly is attracted to brightly-colored females.  This information helps researchers understand what attributes males are attracted to and how they can continue to study fish's reproductive patterns in the future.


There has been much interest lately in the strained Si CMOS technology used for carrier mobility enhancement. The dispersion relation of valence band in strained Si is the theoretical basis for understanding and enhancing hole mobility. With in the frame of K.P theory, the dispersion relation is derived by taking strained Hamiltonian perturbation into account. The corresponding model obtained can be applied to calculate the valence band structure and hole effective mass along arbitrarily K wavevector direction in strained Si grown on arbitrarily oriented relaxed Si 1- x Ge x (0≤ x ≤0.6) substrates, and hence is valuable as reference for the design of devices.


This study aims to determine the effect of flipped classroom-project based learning model and learning independence toward student achievement on Chemical Bonding. The sample of this research is the tenth grade students of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta taken by cluster random sampling. The research uses quasi experiment method with two ways analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result shows that the flipped classroom-project based learning model have positive effect on students who have high learning independence. There is interaction between learning model and learning independence toward students' achievement. Tukey test shows that students' achievement with high independence in the model of flipped classroom-project based learning is higher than they have taught by the conventional-project based learning model. While students' achievement with lower learning independence shows lower achievement on flipped classroom-project based learning than conventional-project based learning model. It can be concluded that the flipped classroom-project based learning model can be applied in learning chemistry to improve students' achievement when it is supported by high learning independence.


According to the fundamental of the fabric drapability three dimensional shape tester,a three dimensional shape reconstruction algorithm of fabric drapability is proposed.First,the outer edge of the fabric sample is identified;next,the contour line from the panoramic raster stripes image is extracted;then positioning and computing the height of raster stripes to obtain the 3D coordinates of sampling points in raster stripes;finally,the 3D fabric drapability image of the specimen is reconstructed using bicubic Bezier surface.The design and execution process of the algorithm are expounded with examples.


In an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, an acid material with a high affinity with respect to an absorbing agent is dispersed and mixed in a catalyst layer, to which the absorbing agent is added, or a layer of the acid material is formed inside the catalyst layer in order to prevent the absorbing agent from moving from the catalyst layer into the carrier. This reduces the permeation of the absorbing agent added to the catalyst layer into a carrier, the evaporation and splash of the absorbing agent from the catalyst, and the deterioration in the durability and the exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst.


Recently, we succeeded to prepare flat and defect-free polymer nanofilms by in-situ photo-polymerization of the adsorbed monomers (e.g. acrylic acid) on silica surfaces through hydrogen-bonding in cyclohexane. Our method has advantages such as simplicity, lowcost, applicability to any shape of substrates. In this study, to further develop this method, we prepared po ly [Ni sopropy lac ry lamide (NIPAAm)] film by using new procedure which we call solution e x c h a n g e m e t h o d ( F i g . 1 ) . NIPAAm monomers are adsorbed on the silicon prism surface in chloroform and polymerized in cyclohexane by UV irradiation. The increase in the film thickness was monitored following the ν NH peak intensity in ATR-FTIR spectra (Fig.2). The film thickness increased drastically after 3 h UV irradiation, while almost no increase in the thickness in case of adsorption and polymerization was performed in one solution (toluene and cyclohexane). Peak positions of Amide I and II of adsorbed NIPAAm indicated that the solution exchange induced the adsorbed structure similar to the N-methyl acetamide crystal, in which the neighboring double bonds of NIPAAm became close, and should promote the polymerization(Fig.3).


Metallic photonic crystal has a very important application in absorption enhancement in solar cells. It has been found that an ultra-thin metallic layer becomes transparent due to internal scattering of light through the each interface of the dielectric and metal surfaces. The metal has absorption due to their surface plasmon and the plasmon has important parameters for changing optical properties of the metal. We consider ternary metallic-dielectric photonic crystal (MDPC) for having large probabilities to change the optical properties of the MDPC and the photonic crystals may be changed by changing dimensionality, symmetry, lattice parameters, Filling fraction and effective refractive index refractive index contrast. In this present communication, we try to show that the photonic band gap in ternary metal-dielectric photonic crystal can be significantly enlarged when air dielectric constant is considered. All the theoretical analyses are made based on the transfer matrix method together with the Drude m...


Scalp hair from volunteers se lected from different areas sur rouading Baghdad were collected for study by neutron activacion analysis (NAA). The results for all element in hair was detelmined, the elements , are Na, K, Ca, Cr, Co, Zn, As, Sb, and Hg. The elemental concentration was discuced with the past measur ment in our institue and the other re gions of the world. To method the element was Na, K, Sc, Ca, Cr, Co, Zn, As, Br, Sb and Hg. The HH- 1 standard samples was . used as a reference this study.


First-principles calculations have been performed to study the mechanical and electronic properties of two-dimensional monolayer GaX (X = S, Se, Te) under strain. It was found that the in-plane stiffness decreases from 86 N m−1 for GaS and 68 N m−1 for GaSe to 57 N m−1 for GaTe, which is in good agreement with experimental results and is attributed to the weakening interactions between Ga and X atoms with the increasing atomic number of the X atoms. The band gaps of the GaX monolayers decrease approximately linearly with increasing tensile strain, while the variation in their band gaps with compressive strain does not show linearity, because the conduction band maximum is transferred among several high symmetry k-points. The effective masses of electrons and holes also exhibit strong anisotropy and can be modulated by applying both compressive and tensile strains, which indicates that monolayer GaX could be very useful for device modeling.


Using a DNA microarray, we found that expression of the genes related to lactate metabolism was upregulated in a lactate-producing recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Disruption of the CYB2 gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase improved the L-lactate production by S. cerevisiae under low pH condition.


Chapter 1 George W. Bush's Road to a New Deal for Faith Chapter 2 The Transformation of America's Social Safety Net Chapter 3 Armies of Compassion: What Are Faith-Based Organizations and What Do They Do? Chapter 4 Are Faith-Based Organizations Effective? Chapter 5 Charitable Choice: Its Genesis, Expansion, and Implementation prior to the Bush Presidency Chapter 6 Implementation of President George W. Bush's New Deal for Faith Chapter 7 The Funding of Faith-Based Organizations: The Constitutional Dimension Chapter 8 Meeting the Challenge of America's Social Pathologies: The Long and Difficult Road Ahead


Combined with the principle and process of Solid Phase Extraction,Technique points of dispose were introduced and experience was summarized.Low background,recovery,condition of repeatability were discussed and proved with data of experiment.


The paper discusses the share-expenses apportionment of the varied cooperative game in the game theory on 3S technology. According to the basic principle of game theory, it analyzes the share-expenses apportionment model. It also raises the analytical model and ways for the varied game problems of the cure of atmospheric environment pollution by 3S comprehensive technology. The practical example is introduced about the application of the model and it is indicated that 3S technology can provide the data for the scientific decision-making on the game theory model and solve the bottleneck problem of the game theory applications in an effective way.


This text introduces a kind of video detecting technique that can be used extensively in video matrix system,its principle is to detect intensity of the signal of the video and synchronous information through the module of video detection in real time,and send the data to host computer of matrix system through RS232 communication for feedback,thus matrix system can get video quality information of cameras in the control-range in real time,then can make relevant decisions.


In this modern era, internet connectivity is widespread and easily affordable. Therefore, it has become an essential part of everyday life. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network where devices, appliances, and other items along with the sensors and software are connected to the network via the internet. This paper presents a user-friendly and straightforward approach for controlling and monitoring home appliances using the IoT-based smart multi-plug. This smart multi-plug can be accessed, monitored, and controlled through a smartphone using Wi-Fi via the smartphone Blynk framework. For this, it does not require any extra coding, irrespective of the internet connection used, making this multi-plug convenient and user-friendly. Moreover, it protects the appliances and the plugs from being damaged against overload, over-temperature. Furthermore, it offers voice command control through Google Assistant and timer setup for each plug, saving electricity, human energy, and effort.


1. Of the three sources of supply of nitrogen, rape cake gave the highest mean yields in the absence of superphosphate; while nitrate of soda gave results significantly better than those obtained from ammonium salts. 2. Superphosphate is of importance to the barley crop, giving greatly increased yield when applied. 3. Sulphate of potash seems to have an adverse influence upon the barley yield. 4. The deterioration of the barley plots is much heavier than on the wheat plots. The convention of ascribing the whole linear term to deterioration may not be as true for some plots as for others. Part of the diminution in mean yield may be due to slow changes other than deterioration. 5. The mean annual percentage diminution is least on those plots in receipt of superphosphate and emphasises the importance of phosphoric acid not only in increasing the mean yield, but in maintaining the fertility of the soil. 6. Barley is more variable than wheat and is more subject to the influence of meteorological conditions. 7. The slow changes other than deterioration are relatively unimportant and seem closely connected with the manurial treatment. The cause of the slow changes is obscure, but there were probably special influences operating on certain of the plots.


In this paper we report a new variety of dinuclear cyano-bridged Co /M (M = Fe or Ru) mixed-valent complexes of the general formula [LCo(μ-NC)M(CN) (bpy)] (where L represents a pentaamine macrocycle and M = Fe or Ru with x = 4, y = 1 and z = 1 or x = 2, y = 2 and z = 3)]. The incorporation of the bpy ligand in place of cyano ligands within the coordination sphere raises the M redox potential significantly relative to the hexacyanometalate analogs we have reported previously. However, the metal-to-metal (M to Co) charge-transfer transitions are shifted to lower energies in accordance with Hush theory as a result of a decreased reorganizational energy component, which result in them overlapping with more intense MLCT (M to bpy) transitions.


This article estimates the direct effect of performance pay schemes on job satisfaction for a representative sample of US workers. Both individual performance pay and profit sharing are routinely associated with higher satisfaction even as the level of pay and a long list of other determinants are held constant. This result holds in panel estimates designed to control for fixed effects. When individual performance pay is disaggregated into five specific schemes, all but one associate with higher satisfaction and piece rates associate with lower satisfaction. The role of gender is explored as an explanation for the results.


Since the seminal paper of Vasicek and Fong (1982), the term structures of interest rates have been fitted assuming that yields are cross-sectionally homoskedastic. We show that this assumption does not hold when there are differences in liquidity, even for bonds of the same issuer. Lower turnover implies higher volatility. In addition, a minimum tick size for bond price negotiation will produce higher volatility for bonds approaching their maturity dates. To show these effects, we use data for Spanish sovereign bonds from 1988 to 2010, covering more than 700 bonds and 5000 trading days. We estimate the out-ofsample error for each bond and day. The variance of these errors is found to be negatively correlated with each bond's turnover and duration, while the mean of the errors is found to be directly correlated with the estimated variance. As a result, we propose a modified Svensson (1994) yield curve model to fit the term structure, adding a liquidity term and estimating parameters by weighted least-squared errors to take into account the liquidityinduced heteroskedasticity.


We describe a novel class of electrically conductive transparent materials based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Transparent nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating an aqueous silk fibroin solution into bacterial cellulose membranes. The transparent nanocomposites had a high transmittance in the visible and infrared regions, regardless of the bacterial cellulose fiber content, due to the nanosize effect of the bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. This phenomenon allowed the preparation of a novel electrically conductive transparent paper. The high dispersity of the MWCNTs was realized by utilizing a bacterial cellulose membrane as a template to deposit them uniformly, thereby achieving electrically conductive transparent papers with outstanding optical transparency. The light transmittance and electrical conductivity varied according to the concentration of the MWCNT dispersion. Good optimal transparency and electrical properties were obtained with a light transmittance of 70.3% at 550 nm and electrical conductivity of 2.1 × 10−3 S/cm when the electrically conductive transparent paper was fabricated from a 0.02 wt % aqueous MWCNT dispersion. In addition, the electrically conductive transparent papers showed remarkable flexibility without any loss of their initial properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1235–1242, 2008


Sunscreens aid the body's natural defense mechanisms to protect against harmful UV radiation from the sun. The present study involves the formulation of sunscreen cream with herbal active ingredients and evaluation for its effectiveness. Naturally occurring traditional substances are gradually replacing synthetic counterparts due to their effectiveness and absence of adverse effects. The herbal drugs selected for the study were roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Yashtimadhu), Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. (Anantmul) and heartwood of Santalum album Linn. (Chandana). Creams were prepared with each individual herb and combination of all three herbs with varying concentration of herbal extracts. The evaluation included determination of Sun Protection Factor for all the formulated creams. The SPF was calculated using the spectrophotometric method and then applying the Mansur equation. The results of the study indicated that the 25% combination cream showed maximum sun screeening activity. INTRODUCTION: Sunshine is beautiful and feels great on our skin. However excessive exposure can result in several adverse effects including mutagenicity immune depression of skin, accelerated skin ageing and photodermatoses. 1, 2 The UV spectrum is divided into three groups based on wavelength: UVC (100 290 nm) , UVB (290 320 nm) and UVA (340 400 nm). Solar UV radiation reaching the earth's surface approximately consists of 90-99% UVA and 110% UVB. 3 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(1).197-00 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8 (1).197-00 Exposure to UV-A radiation results in damage to the elastic and collagen fibers of connective tissue of skin, which causes premature ageing (photoageing), while UV-B radiation bring about acute inflammation (sun burn) and intensification of photoageing (United State-Environmental protection Agency). UVC radiation is filtered by the atmosphere before reaching earth. UVB radiation is not completely filtered out by the ozone layer and is responsible for the skin damage due to sunburn. UVA radiation reaches the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis and provokes the premature aging of the skin. 4, 5 Ultraviolet radiations have been implicated as a causative factor of skin cancer. Due to these facts, sunscreens substances are now incorporated into everyday products such as moisturizers, creams, lotions, shampoos, mousses, and other hair and skin preparations.


The present study includes ethno-medicinal survey of tribal pockets of south east Rajasthan for the documentation of various hepato-protective and hepato-curative plants and their mode of usage. The reported plants were tabulated on frequency coefficient mode as per used by different tribes and localities. These documented plants were also sorted on the basis of secondary data and 20 plants were selected for preliminary screening. For initial screening pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent SGOT/AST (EC 184.108.40.206) was used as a marker enzyme to indicate hepatocytic bio-chemical profile. The protocol included wistar rats of eithes sexes and was grouped as control vehicle, hepato-toxicated, reference and phyto-treated group. The observations were carried out after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs of the last dose. Among screened plants Acacia catechu, Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Citrullus colocynthis and Phyllanthus amarus were found to be at par as compared to reference group, treated with silymarin. Selection of such effective hepato-curative plants can be used for further investigations and will assist in opening new avenues for developing a new hepatic drug with low frequency of relapse and side effects.


Use of physiologically plausible functional constraints on components obtained by functional magnetic resonance scan decomposition is demonstrated to be instrumental in biasing ICA towards more realistic solutions, and to allow to extract only significant components automatically.


A bandwidth enhancement technique for a resistive shunt-feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is developed in this paper. The technique relies upon a π-peaking network realization using the shunt-feedback TIA as part of the network in order to offer a high bandwidth while maintaining a low noise performance. The output is obtained by making use of subsequent amplifier stages with the non-uniform constant-k output network for simultaneously high gain and bandwidth. Practical performance verification was provided via the design and simulation of a 50 dB·O 10-GHz π-peaking TIA, where it clearly exhibits a superior bandwidth over the conventional TIA.


Recent developments in Nb3Al strand for HEP applications are presented and discussed. The present state of available precursor is detailed. Two routes have been shown to lead to successful construction of MF NbAl composite wires. An extrusion method has so far produced the highest filament counts and smallest filament diameters, but requires more processing steps. A direct restack and draw approach has also been demonstrated which minimizes the number of processing steps while still leading to a high performance conductor. This latter route also allows for a lower cost per billet, potentially allowing the exploration of more process parameters.


We verify that the best-known nonstandard set theories: IST, BST, and HST, with the Axiom of Choice deleted, are conservative extensions of ZF + Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification 26E35 (primary); 03E25, 03E70, 03H05 (secondary)


The choice of treatment for psoriasis is highly personal. Some psoriasis patients are willing to trade decreased safety for increased effectiveness or increased convenience.


Background:  The aim of the study presented here was to stratify drug therapy for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) displaying various voiding symptoms.


Excerpt New nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been notably free from serious side effects. We report here a case of fatal fatty metamorphosis of the liver and pleural effusions in an atopi...


The electrochemical behaviors of marmatite with and without flotation collector were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The peaks of these voltammograms were identified and compared. The results indicated that corrosive productions of marmatite were S 0 and SO 4 2- . S 0 had an obvious peak and was oxidized into SO 4 2- . It is shown that marmatite had a poor natural flotability and was difficult to activate under alkaline condition. Collectors were absorbed onto the surface of marmatite chemically, and no obvious proof of dimmers adsorbed on the mineral surface was found. If diethyl dithiocarbamate was used as collector, besides the peaks of S 0 and SO 4 2- , an obvious peak of S 2O 3 2- occurred. Under the condition of high potential, collector salt could not exist stably on the mineral surface.


Environmental pressures have resulted in major efforts by consumer battery manufacturers to significantly reduce the toxic heavy-metal content of alkaline manganese dioxide cells. The performance characteristics of mercury- and cadmium-free products containing no lead-added zinc alloys have been evaluated and compared to mercury and cadmium-free products containing lead-bearing alloys. The effects of the absence of mercury, cadmium and lead are reported. The efforts of the battery industry to deal with the observed problems is reflected in awarded patents and an abundance of patent applications involving the group of metals: bismuth, indium, gallium, thallium, calcium, aluminum, and strontium.


An Athenian aristocratic clique mutilated nearly all statues of Herms to foil the expedition to Sicily in 415 B. C. Some democratic leaders made full use of this case to ruin their political enemy-Alcibiades who had actively impelled the expedition to Sicily by attributing the mutilation of Herms' statues and other sacrileges to the conspiracy of overthrowing the Athenian democracy. At last, they allied with some oligarchs to exile Alcibiades by means of information and political horror. The whole affair is a furious political struggle done in the name of religion against a background of sharp social conflict, and is the most important cause which led to the disastrous failure of the Athenian expedition to Sicily.


One of the signaling pathways that has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is the Ras pathway. However, Ras mutations are extremely rare in HCC. It is likely that proteins that control this pathway are deregulated/mutated leading to increased activation of Ras signaling. Our lab has shown that 10% of human HCC cases had deletions in Rsu‐1. This protein is known to regulate Ras signaling atleast in mammary tumors and glioblastoma. The present work evaluated the potential role of Rsu‐1 as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Our preliminary data have shown that 1. Rsu‐1 is either absent or downregulated in most human HCC samples. 2. Most of the human HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, and SNU 449) examined also show down regulation of Rsu‐1 as compared to normal human hepatocytes which is associated with increased Ras activation. The only cell line that had Rsu‐1 levels comparable to human hepatocytes was HUH7 3. Overexpression of Rsu‐1 in HCC cells inhibits cell growth and migration in vitro and 4. Surprisingly, Rsu‐1 does not seem to regulate the activation of Ras; instead, it inhibits the downstream target of Ras called RhoGTPase. Based on these preliminary data Rsu‐1 seems to be a novel regulator of Ras signaling in the hepatocytes and may act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the downstream target of Ras signaling pathways called RhoGTPase.


In order to assess the influence of energy reduction initiatives, to determine the expected annual cost, to calculate life cycle cost, emission impact, etc. it is crucial to be able to assess the energy consumption reasonably accurate. The present work undertakes a theoretical and empirical study of the uncertainty of energy consumption assessment of domestic buildings. The calculated energy consumption of a number of almost identical domestic buildings in Denmark is compared with the measured energy consumption. Furthermore, the uncertainty is determined by means of stochastic modelling based on input distributions found by literature study, industry guidelines, measurements and – when necessary – simple assumptions. A number of parameters are investigated and ranked in terms of importance to determine which ones contribute the most to the overall level of uncertainty. Measurements and simulations are found to correspond reasonably well; however, it is also found that significant differences may occur between calculated and measured energy consumption due to the spread and due to the fact that the result can only be determined with a certain probability. It is found that occupants' behaviour is the major contributor to the variance of the energy consumption.


Women in the Crossfire, a book by philosopher Paul Churchill, is a significant contribution to efforts to understand honor killing. Too many works speak generally about gender-based violence. By focusing just on one type of gender-based violence, Professor Churchill is able to give us a number of insights into the crime than would otherwise be possible. True to his philosopher roots, he spends significant time in defining honor killings and distinguishing them from other crimes, such as crimes of passion, domestic violence, and politically-motivated violence. Defining honor killings allows him to better investigate its history, scope, causes, and solutions. The author explores honor killing from an empirical, cultural, psychological, and historical perspective.


The present design is that of a bus simple on bed installation structure, is coupled to a base hook (1) the locking part (2) forming a plurality of engaging grooves (3), and having said locking groove (3) in the locking step (4 ) to provide extra beds installed structure with engaging pieces (stand 6 5) is formed with a will to take advantage of the bus interior space and comfortable seating of passengers.


personal views. I have had no communication with Mr. Thompson for over a year, but I am expecting to see him this week. I therefore send this letter to you before I can possibly be influenced by his opinions upon the report. In conclusion, I would suggest that a purely clinical committee should now investigate the Hosa records, not in order to produce a statistical summary but to report whether or not these records contain any evidence which warrants the continued use of H 11 and, if so, what further steps ought to be taken.I am, etc.,


Bus splitting technique reduces bus energy by placing modules with frequent communications closely and using necessary bus segments in communications. But, previous bus splitting techniques can not be used in MPSoC platform, because it uses cache coherency protocol and all processors should be able to see the bus transactions. In this paper, we propose a bus splitting technique for MPSoC platform to reduce bus energy. The proposed technique divides a bus into several bus segments, some for private memory and others for shared memory. So, it minimizes the bus energy consumed in private memory accesses without producing cache coherency problem. We also propose a task allocation technique considering cache coherency protocol. It allocates tasks into processors according to the numbers of bus transactions and cache coherence protocol, and reduces the bus energy consumption during shared memory references. The experimental results from simulations say the bus splitting technique reduces maximal 83% of the bus energy consumption by private memory accesses. Also they show the task allocation technique reduces maximal 30% of bus energy consumed in shared memory references. We can expect the bus splitting technique and the task allocation technique can be used in multiprocessor platforms to reduce bus energy without interference with cache coherency protocol.


Objective: To investigate whether the prolonged physiological elevation of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) seen in man during fasting associates with an altered acute insulin response to NEFA. Subjects and methods: Fourteen non-diabetic subjects, age 18-25 years, BMI 23.2 - 0.8 kg/m 2 underwent hyperglycemic clamps (blood glucose 11 mM) for 120 min, during which either saline or Intralipid was administered in the last 60 min. Subjects were tested after an overnight as well as after a 58 h fast. Results: After the overnight fast, insulin levels increased during Intralipid infusion, at min 120 reaching an increment of 33.0 - 8.5 muU/ml vs. 9.5 - 4.4 muU/ml during saline; p < 0.05 for difference. Conversely, after the 58 h fast, Intralipid failed to promote a successive increase of insulin levels (increment during Intralipid at min 120: 0.5 - 5.8 muU/ml vs.- 4.3 - 2.5 muU/ml during saline, NS). Insulin sensitivity as assessed by the amount of infused glucose and its ratio to insulin was enhanced by Intralipid after an overnight fast, but was decreased after a 58 h fast. Conclusion: Long-term elevated NEFA during fasting associates with diminished beta cell responsiveness to an acute elevation of fatty acids in conjunction with negative effects on insulin sensitivity.


Statistical fluctuations are probably present in the 180/sup 0/ c.m. angle scattering cross sections for elastic and inelastic channels, between 24 and 43 MeV c.m. energy.


* • merely decorative Oriental influences and those of a deeper sort, and it offers a useful supplement to Earl Miner's The Japanese Tradition in British and American Literature (Princeton, New Jersey, 1958). Kurt F. Leidecker's study of Buddha motifs in the West contains valuable information; it resembles the article of Chun-jo Liu on five modern Chinese novels and that of David Y. Chen on Ts'ao Yii's plays, for all three essays fail to refer sufficiently to the "receiving factor" as it is called in comparative literature, that is, the literary and cultural climate of opinion which is a necessary condition for intercultural influence. Omission of the receiving factor means that these essays, informative though they are, do not go much beyond description and bibliographical enumeration. But perhaps the receiving factor may serve as the motif of a third conference.


OBJECTIVE:To prepare the inclusion compound of benzoylurea antitubulin SUD-35/HP-β-CD in order to increase the solubility and stability of SUD-35,and to investigate its pharmacodynamics in vivo.METHODS:The inclusion compound was prepared by saturated solution method.The preparation technology of inclusion compound was optimized by orthogonal experiments using ratio of SUD-35/HP-β-CD(A) ,inclusion temperature(B) ,inclusion time(C) and stirring rate(D) as factors and with inclusion rate as index.The validation test and solubility determination were conducted.DSC and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to verify the complex.Hepatic cancer H22 cell solid tumor model mice were given intraperitoneal injection of inclusion compounds at low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose(SUD-35) once a day for 7 days.The tumor inhibition rate was calculated 24 h after the last administration and compared with cyclophosphamide.RESULTS:The optimal preparation technology was as follows:A:1 ∶ 5,B:50 ℃,C:60 min,D:100 r·min-1.The average inclusion rate of 3 batches was 75.8%.The solubilities of SUD-35 raw material and inclusion compound in water were 0.000 32 g·L-1 and 0.65 g·L-1.The formation of inclusion compound was verified by DSC and XRD method.The tumor inhibition rates at low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose were(38.25±0.57) %,(63.45±1.20) %,(69.26±1.15) %,the cyclophosphamide group was(71.52±1.16) %.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology of inclusion compound of SUD-35/HP-β-CD is simple and feasible.It strengthens the water-solubility of SUD-35,and the high dose of it has similar inhibition on the growth of hepatic cancer H22 cells in mice with cyclophosphamide.


Groundwater resource is the main source of water supply in Hebei plain. But the continual reduction of groundwater has great impact on the regional sustainable utilization of water resources and the development of agriculture. This paper studied the spatial structure and variation characteristics of 5 factors of groundwater, such as chloride ion (CI), groundwater level (GL), nitrate nitrogen (NN), sulfate (S) and total hardness (TH), by the geostatistics method on the platform of GIS. The results showed that, (1) the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate nitrogen (NN) is mainly in small scale and of groundwater level (GL) are mainly in large scale. The spatial heterogeneity of other three factors is both reflected in small and large scale, (2) From the point of spatial distribution of groundwater level, the groundwater level is deepened from east to west, from the coastal plain to the piedmont plain and three great funnels of groundwater level were formed around the Shijiazhuang city, Xingtai city and Hand an city, (3) From the point of spatial distribution of groundwater quality, the high-value areas of chloride ion, sulfate and total hardness is distributed in the eastern and central, low-value distributed in the west. But the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is opposite, (4) in total, the distribution characteristics of the five groundwater indices were greatly impacted by the human activities.


The widely application of electromagnetic radiation has brought people into the information era; but some new environmental problems have also occurred .So the protective principles and rules must be strictly obeyed and the protective measures must be well carried out well, so as to reduce the electromagnetic radiation pollution as much as possible. On the basis of an all-round investigation of electromagnetic radiation establishment and its present conditions, this paper first analyzes the features and the protection of the electromagnetic radiation pollution, then makes some judgments and puts forward some related suggestions.


Many countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are using Information Communications Technology (ICT) to enhance agriculture development and production. To do this efficiently the John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program managed for West Africa by Winrock International has been tasked with providing volunteer assignments to ministries of agriculture. The University of Missouri Saint Louis (UMSL) has entered a partnership with Winrock International to offer upper-level undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to provide technical assistance to international government entities. In this panel; we discuss findings and opportunities for improvement in Guinea and Senegal as they relate to ICT discovered through the onsite support provided.


Heredity and EnvironmentBy Gladys C. Schwesinger. New York: Macmillan, 1933. 484 pp. Price, $4.00. Heredity and Environment will either be considered an elementary revamping of three or four standard works, or a profound study " in the genesis of psychological characteristics," depending upon whether one is or is not familiar with the literature of psychological testing and personality measurement. Not that it is not a very useful book to one in either category-on the contrary, even the student of the field will find it a convenient summary of Pintner's Intelligence Testing, Symonds's Diagnosing Personality and Character, Hollingworth's Vocational Psychology and Character Analysis, and the Twenty-seventh Year Book of the National Society for the Study of Education, all brought up to date by the careful editing of last year's Psychological Abstracts. It is an excellent textbook for courses in psychological measurement, for it is, in the main, an elaborate survey of the I.Q., its measurement, and the factors that influence it; but it is hardly, except in one portion, an adequate treatment of heredity and environment. Why a study in genetics should devote almost two-thirds of its pages to listing measures of intelligence and personality and to summarizing superficially the viewpoints of the major schools of thought on what constitutes personality, and only about one-third (one of six chapters) to the subject of the book as indicated in the title, is difficult to see. It really consists of three distinct uncoordinated parts, and if each of these sections were published separately, only praise for the author would be in order, for two of them would be compact summaries of (1) the field of intelligence and personality measurement, and (2) the variety of viewpoints on intelligence, while the third would be a monograph on recent studies of the effects of various environmental factors on the I.Q. On the whole, the book is a very scholarly work, but it is unfortunate. that three distinct unrelated studies were bound between two covers ostensibly as one study. Each portion serves a useful purpose, but only one serves the purpose of the book. Evidence of painstaking work abounds throughout, and specific references are so numerous that reading is sometimes made difficult; more than 800 references are included in bibliographies listed after each major chapter. MORRIS KRUGMAN


Presents the development of a mathematical model of a multivariable liquid process plant. This multivariable liquid process rig incorporates two interacting loops; level control loop and temperature control loop. Based on the developed model, an experiment was conducted on the actual system for the purpose of real-time data collection and estimating the parameters of the model using a real-time software called GENESIS. This software is a real-time, multitasking software used in this work for running the actual plant and collecting the real data from the actual process. It is also used to perform a computer simulation study on the developed model to verify its performance. The simulation study was performed in terms of three case studies, that are, level control loop, temperature control loop and interaction loop respectively. The performance of each loop was investigated and the extent of the interaction effect between the two single loops was also highlighted.


NS-children are sons and daughters of members of a Norwegian nazi party, that collaborated during the Second World War German occupation of Norway with the foreign regime. In this paper, I discuss ...


Objective: To improve clinical decision making in posttrauatic neck pain by investigating the additional value of fearvoidance variables in predicting chronic neck pain disability. Design: An inception cohort with baseline assessment 1 eek posttrauma and outcome assessment 24 weeks postrauma. Predictive factors include pain intensity, Neck Disabilty Index (NDI), catastrophizing, fear of movement (Tampa cale for Kinesiophobia [TSK]), and avoidance muscle behavor. Setting: Hospital emergency department of a general hosital. Participants: A consecutive sample of 90 people reporting f pain in neck or head region after a motor vehicle collision. ighty-two subjects (91.1%) of the sample provided 24-week ollow-up on the outcome. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: The NDI assessing physical disbility of subjects with neck pain. Results: By using a combination of the baseline NDI and SK, it appears to be possible to predict chronic disability with probability of 54.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.2%– 2.3%) after entering the NDI (cutoff, 15) as a first test, and ith a probability of 83.3% (95% CI, 70.3%–91.3%) after ntering the TSK (cutoff, 40) in a second test. Conclusions: A simple rating of baseline neck pain disabilty within a week of the trauma, separately or in combination ith a test for fear of movement, can be used to predict future utcome. Patients showing fear of movement can be offered an ntervention that focuses on reduction of this fear.


The objective of the present study is undertaken to address the gender and domain differences in work-family conflicts among women and men software professionals in Bangalore city. The data used for this study consists of 200 male and 100 female respondents. Both the conflicts 'work to family' and 'family to work' are studied with respect to gender differences of the respondents. The data was analyed using descriptive statistics, samples t-test and chi-square test techniques. The findings indicate that there were significant differences between the sexes in the experience of family to work conflict; but no significant differences for work to family conflict.


The article presents the results of vibration measurements from passenger train journeys from the ground to the building foundation. The vibration acceleration courses from the Pendolino passenger train were used for the analysis. The measurements were carried out in a single-family brick building at the existing railway line. The measurement results can be used in the future to analyze buildings located at railway lines where passenger traffic takes place. The results of the analyzes can also be useful in assessing the impact of vibrations from the railway line on people staying in buildings.


Solar interfacial water evaporation is considered as a potential green technology to solve the global shortage of freshwater resources. However, it is still an arduous task to develop a low‐cost and efficient solar evaporator with a simple preparation method. Herein, a simple, flexible, and porous polypyrrole‐wax gourd (PPy‐wax gourd) biomass evaporator was reported for solar evaporation enhancement. Wax gourd had the advantages such as superhydrophilic wettability, massive microporous channels, and easy planting. PPy was a kind of black polymer with excellent light absorption ability, which greatly improved the light absorption of the PPy‐wax gourd evaporator within a full spectrum of solar irradiance (300‐2500 nm). The PPy‐wax gourd evaporator prepared by the perfect combination of wax gourd and polypyrrole realized a superior vapor generation ability (1.57 kg m−2 hours−1) with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 77.3% under 1 solar intensity, which was better than some other biomass evaporators developed so far. In addition, the PPy‐wax gourd evaporator also exhibited remarkable stability and durability under long‐term recycling utilization and harsh environments. Importantly, the PPy‐wax gourd evaporator demonstrated prominent wastewater purification capacity and desalination performance for dye wastewater and simulated seawater treatment. Based on these results, this work would offer a new strategy for developing novel biomass thermal evaporators the clean water production.


The numerical picture ordered according to the characteristic goes together with a quasi-and technical point to lie in how to withdraw the valid characteristic on the picture to order,the Cape which calculates son through a Harris to withdraw to hold still many lines pictures′ order is a characteristic to order,can effectively resolve a picture to go together with the characteristic point in the quasi-process eyes little,go together with a quasi-accuracy hard and assuring problem,imitate really experiment result enunciation,that method not only speed quick,and resist a voice function good,high accuracy.


Exoskeletons and wearable robots are mechatronic devices that are worn by an operator and fit closely to the body to improve daily activities. The adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) based on the barrier function is proposed in this study to regulate the movement of the knee joint exoskeleton with friction. This controller is implemented without the requirement to know the system model uncertainty and disturbance bounded and does not require the use of the low pass for chattering elimination with keeping the controller's performance. The suggested barrier method can be guaranteed the output variable's convergence and keep it in a preset neighborhood of zero regardless of the disturbance's upper bound, without overestimating the control gain. The simulation results show that the proposed performs well, the system angle following the target angular position with a modest pre-adjusted steady-state error. Furthermore, when compared to a typically strong and stable ASMC developed with the identical actuator; the obtained results reveal superior features. Concluded from the above this control method indicates the robustness of the proposed adaptive controller with barrier function against uncertainties and disturbances elimination.


Through a year-long critical feminist ethnography, this article examines the challenges faced by beginning K – 12 ESOL teachers in the United States as they grappled with the signifi cance of their own racial identities in the process of negotiating the inherent racialization of ESOL in their language teaching contexts. I foreground the signifi cance of race in the teaching, language, and identities of four K – 12 public school teachers; three White and one Korean American, whose orientations were specifi cally antiracist. The study examined the implications of teachers' privileged status as native speakers of standard English, a raced category, within an institutional culture that underscored the supremacy of both Whiteness and native speaker status. The study found the teachers' practice to be complexifi ed by their attentiveness to their own and their students' racial identities and by their consciousness of the situatedness of their practice within a broader sociopolitical context. The fi ndings also illustrated the ways in which the teachers negotiated spaces in which they could challenge the silent privilege accorded to Standard American English by problematizing school policies surrounding World English and African American Vernacular English. Implications for theory, practice of teaching English to speakers of other languages, teacher education, and professional development are discussed. So I got the book Counting in Korea. … On the cover, there's a picture of a [boy wearing a] traditional Korean outfi t. All the kids looked at it and said: "He looks like you." So he looked at it and said: "He's stinky! Stinky boy." And he pushed it away.


Many of our universities and colleges know something about the uses of electronic mail that we public school administrators have not caught on to, namely that e-mail is a powerful, dynamic medium that can transform the manner in which people interact, especially in educational settings. The technological jump that higher education has on us became apparent to me once I began enrolling in courses at a nearby school of education. Everyone in the university community (or nearly so) was linked online to everyone else: students, professors, administrators and so forth. Today, the expectation is that once you become a part of the university community you will have the capacity to communicate via e-mail as required. Whether it involves individual feedback from professors, group projects at the classroom level or memos sent out institution-wide, electronic mail is integrating even the largest universities by adding another layer of communication and bringing people together in unique ways. If institutions of higher education have integrated this new technology into the fabric of their respective communities and done it so successfully, one question to ask is why are we at the primary and secondary levels lagging so far behind? The purpose here is not to answer the "why" in why haven't we been as successful as our higher education colleagues in utilizing this new technology, but rather to answer the "how" in how can we begin to take advantage of electronic mail in new and important ways. Despite the clear technological disparities, we need to look more closely at the positive effects electronic mail is having on the university community and begin to incorporate the more useful and applicable elements for ourselves. The Project's Modest Goals Inspired by example, Salem High School's e-mail project began in September 1997 with a modest and straightforward aim: to create an electronic mailing list of as many parents as possible so that the school's administrators could communicate with them on a regular basis and keep them informed of school-related news and information. If we could replicate at the high school, even to a small extent, the degree of interconnectedness that electronic mail has brought to the university community, then our goal would be reached. The purpose, however, was not to replace the traditional methods of communication, but to supplement them with an additional medium. The e-mail project has been in place long enough now that some preliminary observations can be made about its successes. First, we found e-mail to be a speedy, informal, cost-effective way to ensure that parents obtain information they might not have received through more traditional channels. For example, students may not bring notices home or parents may not receive mail from children who "intercept" it in transit. What better way to supplement the letter sent home than to deliver it via electronic mail as well? Another factor is the high cost of printing and postage that precluded communicating with parents as periodically as we would have liked. Because electronic mail is a low-cost alternative, we never thought twice about sending out short memos on relevant topics. Lastly, in an age of the quick, instantaneous sound bite, electronic mail transforms the traditional memo into an informal correspondence that need not be any longer than just a few sentences or a short paragraph. Mail sent electronically is quick to compose, easy to send and even faster to read. A second observation is that e-mail ties into the larger aims of both promoting positive public relations and increasing our responsiveness to the community. Salem's general e-mail list includes not just parents but central office personnel and other interested community members who want to keep abreast of events. Being an e-mail subscriber connects people to the school in new and exciting ways. Thus far, the feedback has been overwhelmingly positive because subscribers feel as though they are better informed and are "the first to know! …


The genus Rossella Carter, 1872 comprises a group of very abundant and large sponges, which often dominate and even define the benthic habitats of the Antarctic shelf. While the ecological role and importance of the genus is unquestionable, the taxonomy of Rossella has been in a state of flux since its erection in 1872. Several species have been described, many of which have proven to be individual representatives of species with high variation in diagnostic characters, thus many published species are actually synonyms and a valid concept is still lacking. Here, we present the Rossella -fauna of one station sampled during the SYSTCO-I expedition in winter 2007/08 at 600 m depth on the lower Ekstrom-shelf near Kapp Norvegia, Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. This sponge fauna showed some remarkable peculiarities in its characters, especially an unusually large growth of many microscleres, which will broaden the diagnoses of many Rossella spp. significantly. Implications for the definitions of these species are discussed.


This paper presents evidence of ballot order effects in Irish General Elections, where candidates are listed in alphabetical order. Data relating to elections from 1977 to 2011 suggest the effect is significant in a statistical sense and in magnitude. The nature of the Irish electoral system sees voters cast preferences for candidates, and as a result a greater level of information regarding voters becomes available. Various fixed effects are added to control for constituencies, candidates and political parties.


ABSTRACT This research investigated the effects of changes in the market environment for optometry services and products on the professional identity of New Zealand optometrists. It explored three issues. First, ways participants' location within either the independent or corporate sectors shaped their professional identities. Second, ways potential ethical conflicts between participants' healthcare and retailing identities were resolved. Last, participants' opinions concerning the future of their profession. Twelve male and fourteen female optometrists were interviewed. Nineteen participants worked within independent optometry practices. Seven worked within practices that were part of international optometry chains. Six participants were recent graduates, the rest experienced optometrists. All participants identified primarily as healthcare professionals. All recognised that practising optometry within a commercial market created the possibility of ethical conflicts between healthcare and business imperatives. There were differences in the ways participants managed this boundary, with participants working within corporate optometry seeming more comfortable with the business aspects of their profession. All participants thought the profession was changing and several suggested that the future of independent optometry was limited. The article concludes that recent changes within the market environment of optometry have heightened tensions between optometrists' medical and entrepreneurial identities and contributed to changing work patterns within the profession.


The Salmonella/microsome assay is the most used assay for the evaluation of air particulate matter (PM) mutagenicity and a positive correlation between strain TA98 responses and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) levels in PM has been found. However, it seems that the major causes of PM mutagenicity in this assay are the nitro and oxy‐PAHs. Salmonella YG5161, a 30‐times more responsive strain to B[a]P has been developed. To verify if YG5161 strain was sufficiently sensitive to detect mutagenicity associated with B[a]P mutagenicity, PM samples were collected in Brazil and Sweden, extracted with toluene and tested in the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay. PAHs and B[a]P were determined and the extracts were tested with YG5161 and its parental strain TA1538. The extracts were also tested with YG1041 and its parental strain TA98. For sensitivity comparisons, we tested B[a]P and 1‐nitropyrene (1‐NP) using the same conditions. The minimal effective dose of B[a]P was 155 ng/plate for TA1538 and 7 ng/plate for YG5161. Although the maximum tested dose, 10 m3/plate containing 9 ng of B[a]P in the case of Brazilian sample, was sufficient to elicit a response in YG5161, mutagenicity was detected at a dose as low as 1 m3/plate (0.9 ng). This is probably caused by nitro‐compounds that have been shown to be even more potent than B[a]P for YG5161. It seems that the mutagenicity of B[a]P present in PM is not detectable even with the use of YG5161 unless more efficient separation to remove the nitro‐compounds from the PAH extract is performed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:510–517, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Kindergarten teachers face the challenge of integrating contemporary assessment practices with play-based pedagogy. The current study addresses this challenge by presenting a kindergarten assessment framework rooted in theory and current classroom practices, based on teacher interview and observational data collected in 20 kindergarten classrooms. Ten teachers subsequently participated in extended observations and video elicitation interviews. Results uncovered seven different assessment pathways by which teachers mobilized learning goals through play pedagogies and assessment. Based on these pathways, a comprehensive assessment framework was developed underscoring the cyclical relation between student learning goals, types of play, and assessment contexts and practices. This framework supports teachers' negotiation and integration of assessment practices with play-based pedagogies to promote both academic and developmental learning goals.


David Mathews M arguerite Shaffer, director of American Studies at Miami University, is one of a surprisingly large number of faculty members who are at odds with an academic culture that isn't hospitable to their efforts to combine a public life with a scholarly career. She is concerned about what is happening in her field and about the world her two children will inherit. I have often quoted what she said in an interview for the 2008 issue of the Higher Education Exchange because it captures so well what troubles other faculty:


In this paper,the trials of the growth characteristics of Acipenser dabryanus Dumeril under artificial culturing conditions were conducted.By experimental data processing and analysis,the results showed that the Acipenser dabryanus Dumeril reached average body weight of 1379.32 g,average total body length of 66.05 cm and average body length of 53.55 cm after 140 days rearing from average weight of 617.27 g,the average total body length of 53.45 cm and average body length of 42.38 cm.The total body length increased by 0.09 cm on average for the Acipenser dabryanus Dumeril,the mean instantaneous growth ratio was 0.151 %,and the body weight was gained at the rate of 5.443 g per day on average and the mean instantaneous growth ratio was 0.574 %.The linear relationship of total body length and body length was TL= 1.1398SL + 4.9157,R2 = 0.9986,and the total body length-weight relationship was WWTL= 0.0002TL3.7423,R2 = 0.9977,and the body length-weight relationship was WWSL= 0.0019SL3.3821,R2 = 0.9944.The power was larger than 3,which showed that the growth of weight was faster than that of the total body length and body length of Acipenser dabryanus Dumeril,which the weight ranged the 617.27-379.32 g,and the growth was allometric.


Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which are respectively on the left and right side of the island of Hispaniola, represent an interesting case of economic divergence: whereas in colonial times Haiti was richer than the current Dominican Republic, it is now one of the poorest countries in the Northern hemisphere, while the Dominican Republic is a developing country with a relatively good income per capita.We analyze possible institutional causes of this divergence, focusing on the effects of the different percentage of European colonizers on the island in the 17th century, the allocation of land in the 19th century, and the role of the US.


There have been a number of studies aimed at isolating radiative recombination in semiconductor quantum wells, a process which in many instances is strongly influenced by excitonic effects such as in III-V (e.g. GaAs [1]) or wide-gap II-VI (e.g. ZnSe [2]) semiconductor heterostructures. Recently, Matsusue and Sakaki have exploited modulation doped GaAs/(Ga,Al)As multiple quantum wells (MQW) to show how radiative recombination of a quasi-two dimensional (2D) free electron-hole gas can be distinctly identified while reducing excitonic complications [3]. In narrow-gap semiconductors, such as PbTe, excitonic effects are negligible; therefore quantum wells from these materials offer a clear opportunity to study quasi-2D free carrier radiative recombination over a wide temperature and density. We show here that radiative recombination dominates in high quality MBE-grown PbTe/(Pb,Eu)Te MQW's. At the same time PbTe/(Pb,Eu)Te based heterostructures show excellent prospects as low threshold diode injection lasers at mid-infrared wavelengths [4].


In a world of ambient services, the technology disappears into the surroundings until only the user interface remains perceivable by users. In highly computerised environments, the application of mouse or keyboard is not feasible for interacting with complex services. Powerful mobile computers and high speed wireless networking enable enhanced interaction with services from a distance, e.g. by employing a mobile phone, using gestures, or observing body movements. The arising heterogeneity of the user interface and the service to control prevents from enhanced interaction methods. The heterogeneity of interaction styles, technology and developmener teams narrows interoperability and complicates the development process. A common understanding of a solution and a detailed description of the components and their relationships are necessary. Available patterns for software architectures are rather unspeci c, in particular with respect to addressing physical distribution of components. This thesis facilitates interoperability and describes the design of a general solution to enable input devices to control environmental computing services. The approach extends the idea of separating the user interface from the application logic by de ning virtual or logical input devices physically separated from the services to control. The achievement of uniformity of the design and development processes supports a common understanding, and builds a solid ground to deliver tools and auto-generation of source code. The development process, the architectural design, and the usefulness of the tools were veri ed in two technical reviews. The complexity of development and the required programming e ort were reduced by applying the software artefacts developed in the thesis. An application example was implemented and evaluated with 42 users. The analysis of the source code using software measures con rmed improvements in e ciency of development.


e22014 Background: The microenvironment is a central regulator of tumor biology. While the contribution of fibroblasts has been largely studied, the role of endothelial cells as regulators of cance...


Objective To study the changes of serum procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the clinical value in the pathogen diagnosis of infectious disease.Methods Using the Up-converting Phosphor Technology based Lateral Flow assay (UPT) to detect 79 cases of bacterial infections,59 cases of viral infectious diseases and 68 cases of healthy normal human serum PCT,IL-6 content,and using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve to analyse.Results Bacterial infection group PCT and IL-6 were significantly higher than that of virus group and normal control group,there was significant difference (P <0.05),PCT and IL-6 in virus group and normal control group virus infection were not significantly different (P > 0.05) ; application analysis of ROC curves of PCT and IL-6 in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bacterial infection efficiency,the area under the curve were 0.854 and 0.783,PCT was more effective than IL-6 ; PCT and IL-6 in the detection of bacterial infection,a linear correlation (r =0.424 P < 0.001) ; single PCT detection,the sensitivity and specificity were 82.3% and 79.5%,the sensitivity and specificity of IL-6 were 69.6% and 68.5%,the combination of the two detection sensitivity and specificity were 91.1% and 67%.Conclusion In the diagnosis of pathogen infection,PCT is a good index,if combined with IL-6 detection,differential diagnosis is more conducive to bacteria,virus infection disease.

Key words:
Calcitonin;  Interleukin-6 ;  Infections/diagnosis


To the Editor:

In a recent article, Malek et al1 reported 3.6% risk of stroke and death after percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty and stenting (PTCAS) in symptomatic patients ineligible for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria.2 The authors achieved highly successful results in a subgroup of patients who were at high risk of surgical complications.

We conducted a retrospective, independent, third-party audit of medical records of patients undergoing PTCAS in a teaching hospital of University of Toronto. From 1996 to 1999, 55 PTCAS were performed in 50 patients with high-grade (>60%) internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Mean age of patients was 68±11 years, and there were twice as many males; 45% of patients had hypertension, 33% had diabetes, 88% had coronary artery disease, and 36% had contralateral ICA occlusion.

Thirty-three patients were symptomatic and …


Summary. Molecular and cytogenetic studies performed in 305 adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients enrolled in the gimema (Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto) multicentric protocols identified an E2A–PBX1 fusion and/or t(1;19) in 10 patients (3·3%). All had common ALL, were mostly CyIg+ and were CD34/CD13/CD33–. Nine patients achieved a complete remission (CR); five patients showed a haematological relapse after 7 months (median). Four patients are alive in first CR with a median follow‐up of 29 months; three patients are molecularly negative. This abnormality is frequently associated with early treatment failure. E2A–PBX1+ adult ALL should be considered for intensified treatment strategies and monitoring of minimal residual disease.


The Henderson Government's sham attempts at transparency surrounding the Mandorah ferry contract have been abandoned in favour of a grubby back-room deal. Member for Port Darwin, John Elferink, said Labor has an obligation to identify with who it's negotiating to fill the Mandorah-Cullen Bay contract. "We know it isn't the existing operators SeaCat, so there is an obligation on Government to identify the alternative provider?" Mr Elferink said. "The community has a right to know. "Earlier this year, Labor announced it had established a 'Community Reference Group' to liaise with stakeholders about the ferry contract tender. "The committee was chaired by Lands and Planning Minister Gerry McCarthy's Labor Party colleague Rob Knight, but now the Government's abandoned the concept of community liaison in favour of grubby back-room deals. "The Department also issued two media releases over the past six weeks announcing the ferry contract's preferred tenderer. "Now they've shut up shop. "As usual when Labor Ministers muck up, the Government sends out bureaucrats to front the media and cop the flak for their failures. "Ministers McCarthy or Knight should stump up and guarantee whatever service is chosen to replace SeaCat meets the elevated expectations it put on price, service frequency and ferry travel times. "They must also explain how they intend to move the tender process forward based on the fact the last one has been a complete shambles. "If they do get a third operator to come forward on a temporary basis, what inducements have been offered to the provider to fill the Mandorah-Cullen Bay contract? "And what certainties are there for the future provision of the Cullen Bay-Tiwi ferry run?"


An analysis of 19 photospheric Si I lines whose oscillator strengths have recently been detertmined by Garz (1973) leads to a solar abundance of silicon, log epsilon /sub Si/ = 7.65 plus or minus 0.07, on the scale where log epsilon /sub H/ = 12. Together with the sodium abundance determained earlier by the same method, a solar abundance ratio /sup epsilon /Na//sup epsilon /Si = 0.045 ( plus or minus 10%) results. Within the error limits this a grees wtth the meteoritic ratio found in carbonaceous chondrites. Results concerning line-broadening by hydrogen are discussed. (auth)


In this paper, two publicly available head-related transfer function (HRTF) database collections are analyzed for use with the open-source slab3d rendering system. After conversion to the slab3d HRTF database format (SLH), a set of visualization tools and a five-step metric-based process are used to select a subset of databases for general use. The goal is to select a limited subset least likely to contain anomalous behavior or measurement error. The described set of opensource tools can be applied to any HRTF database converted to the slab3d format.


The purpose of this document is to address the current lack of consensus regarding the management of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates in South Africa. If left untreated, severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia may cause kernicterus and ultimately death and the severity of neonatal jaundice is often underestimated clinically. However, if phototherapy is instituted timely and at the correct intensity an exchange transfusion can usually be avoided. The literature describing intervention thresholds for phototherapy and exchange transfusion in both term and preterm infants is therefore reviewed and specific intervention thresholds that can be used throughout South Africa are proposed and presented graphically. A simplified version for use in a primary care setting is also presented. All academic heads of neonatology departments throughout South Africa were consulted in the process of drawing up this document and consensus was achieved.


Organocatalytic promoted enantioselective inverse-electron-demand oxa-Diels–Alder(IEDDA) reaction between hydroxymaleimides and in situ generated nitrosoalkenes has been disclosed, a wide range of chiral hemiketals containing 5,6-dihydro-4-H-l,2-oxazines and succinimide frameworks with two adjacent...


A kinetic model based on a detailed reaction mechanism for the nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene is presented. The reaction mechanism includes the following reactions: chemical initiation, reversible nitroxyl ether decomposition, monomer dimerization, thermal initiation, propagation, reversible monomeric and polymeric alkoxyamine formation (production of dormant species), alkoxyamine decomposition, rate enhancement, transfer to monomer and dimer, as well as conventional termination. By simple manipulation of the ODEs initial conditions and tuning of the model by turning on/off the appropriate kinetic steps via their corresponding kinetic rate constants, the model presented here is capable of representing two technologically important variations of nitroxyl mediated polymerization techniques: 1) use of traditional radical initiator together with a nitroxide-type stable radical; and 2) use of a nitroxyl ether or alkoxyamine compound as controller. Model predictions are validated against experimental data provided by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Inc. Parametric sensitivity analyses and non-linear estimation procedures are used to estimate the unknown kinetic rate constants. The overall agreement between model predictions and experimental data is generally good. The qualitative simulations and the detailed mechanistic discusssions presented here provide deeper insight into some of the aspects of NMRP processes not well understood to date. *An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Microsymposium on Polymer Reaction Engineering of the 7th Pacific Polymer Conference, Dec. 3–7, 2001, Oaxaca, México.


Throughout the world governments and other education stakeholders advocate quality education and education for all. Among others, mathematics education is seen by governments as essential in the advancement of the development of countries. Lesotho is no exception in this regard hence mathematics is one of the core subjects in Lesotho's education system. Though Mathematics education is seen as pivotal to the development of countries, analysis of mathematics Junior Certificate (JC) examination results in Lesotho indicates that performance in mathematics is not good. This study therefore aspired to investigate teaching strategies predominantly employed by primary mathematics teachers and assess their effect on learners' meaningful learning of fractions. In order to meet this aim the study attempted to determine what literature said about effective learning and teaching of fractions, the level of training given to mathematics teachers and determine whether effective learning and teaching materialised in the three classrooms that were studied. The existing literature proposed different teaching strategies that resulted in significant learning of fractions. To investigate dominant teaching strategies that teachers used in the teaching of fractions, class observations of three teachers were conducted. Teachers were observed in their classrooms over a period of time and follow-up interviews were conducted. Samples of the teachers' documents and the learners' work were analysed to evaluate the extent to which effective learning and teaching of fractions were taking place in these respective classes. Literature indicates that effective learning, of fractions, entails meaningful construction of the concept through handling of concrete materials and formation of relationship between concepts. Effective teaching on the other hand entails the ability to create situations in which learning is facilitated. Teachers are said to possess both mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) and Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in order to be able to teach effectively. In order to fully understand the level of training that the teachers received teacher trainers were interviewed. It was found that teachers did not engage learners in high order reasoning and problem solving, instead they gave close-ended questions which


A method of configuring a terminal (10a) by means of a terminal to said external device (50a), capable of communicating with said terminal and comprising data storage means, the method comprising an initialization step of said terminal triggering the least: - a step of executing a boot program of an operating system of said terminal, said boot program being stored in a first memory area of said storage means, - a step for checking by said program priming a first digital signature of a first file stored in a second memory area of said storage means, said first file including a kernel of an operating system of said terminal, - a startup step of said core, said starting step being intended to being triggered in case of validity of said digital signature.


In this paper, we investigate wrist rotation as a hands-free method of interaction with a mobile device. To evaluate this technique, a Fitts' Law targeting study is described in four different postures: resting, seated, standing and walking. Results show correlations in movement time and the Index of Difficulty of the task and similarities in the targeting performance for the first three conditions, but show walking and targeting using this method was significantly more difficult.


On the Internet e-mail is the most popular application, and mobile devices, too, are used mainly for purposes of person-to-person communication. These observations confirm the view, long entertained in philosophy, that to communicate is an anthropological necessity. Starting from an analysis of the ubiquitous nature of communication the paper refers to the intimate connection between communication and education, and proceeds to examine the historical origins of the separation between school and society; recalls that childhood itself is socially constructed; and points to the advantages of a learning environment containing not just texts but also pictures. In such an environment person-to-person mobile communication by itself becomes learning. Communication is the source from which m-learning emerges.


Dynamic behaviour of free vibration of rectangular plate is investigated. This study considered an analytical approach to investigation of free vibration of thin rectangular plate immersed in fluid, resting on Winkler and Pasternak foundations.The governing nonlinear partial differential equation is analyzed using two-dimensional differential transform method. The accuracy of the analytical solutions obtained is verified with existing results in literature and confirmed in excellent agreement. Thereafter, the analytical solutions are used for investigation of effect of elastic foundation, fluid and aspect ratio on vibrating plate.From the result, it is observed that, increase elastic foundation parameters increases natural frequency, increase aspect ratio increase natural frequency, influence of fluid decreases the natural frequency of the plate.Hopefully the present study will contribute to existing knowledge in field of vibration.


SUMMARY

A method is described that permits the measurement of roots in situ in the soil using computerized image analysis to process images obtained from planar faces cut from a resin-fixed pot. Soil sample pots are initially impregnated with rapid-curing epoxy resin. Blocks are then cut from the impregnated pot with a diamond saw to expose a planar face. Modification of the present resin-impregnation procedure is necessary as impregnation results were mostly unsatisfactory. Roots are contrasted from the soil matrix by enhancing autofluorescence using longwave ultraviolet light and appropriate filters. After image capture and segmentation to show regions of root material, measurements of volume fraction of roots, volumetric surface area, horizontal root length and horizontal root separation, were made with a larger resolution with soil depth than previously.


The invention discloses a nano reinforcing method for recycled aggregate concrete, which belongs to the technical fields of recycling comprehensive utilization of waste and production of building materials, and is mainly characterized by comprising the steps of: mixing and stirring a recycled aggregate and a nano particle dispersion for 5-10s; after the surface of the recycled aggregate is in a moist state, further mixing the recycled aggregate with all admixtures for 5-10s; and mixing and stirring with cement, water and a high-efficiency water reducing agent for 20-45s to obtain a nano-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete mixture. The nano reinforcing method has a principle that by changing a stirring process and introducing the nano dispersion, nano particles can be adsorbed into the opening pores and microcracks of the recycled aggregate, an admixture enriched layer is further formed on the surface of the recycled aggregate, the nano particles permeating into the interiors of the opening pores of the recycled aggregate and the admixture enriched layer formed on the surface of the recycled aggregate are used for jointly absorbing calcium hydroxide enriched on the surface and the pores of the recycled aggregate in the strength development process of the recycled aggregate concrete, a gelling material with higher strength is generated through hydration, liquid-phase or solid-phase reactions so as to reinforce the recycled aggregate per se and an interface between the recycled aggregate and set cement, and thus, the strength of the recycled aggregate concrete is enhanced. After the nano reinforcement, the recycled aggregate concrete has the 28-day compression strength improved by around 15-20%.


For a long time, Prof. Dong Xuewen has been working hard to define the Marxist theory of literature and performing arts fit for the specific circumstances of China, and his efforts have fructified abundantly. This paper is a survey of his research in three areas: study of the statements on literature and performing arts by classical Marxist writers; analysis and criticism of unsound doctrines on literature and performing arts and unhealthy creative works; and research on the current explorations into the theory of literature and performing arts.


Task: A slide valve with a surface extending on the connecting channel for conducting working fluid is to be designed so that it can be ground using a centerless grinding machine. Resolution: The connection channel runs as a spiral groove or the connection channels extend as a plurality of spiral grooves (9, 10), wherein the width of the spiral groove or the widths of the spiral grooves are dimensioned such that α at each angle by which the valve spool (relative to a support surface 7) is twisted, the plane bearing surface (7) (between the first end face 2) and the circumferential groove (4) has a line contact (8) to the cylinder surface (6). Application: In control valves for the circulating lubricating oil from vehicle engines.


The Fundación John Boulton was established in 1950 as a privately funded institution sponsored by the Casas Boulton of Caracas, Valencia, and Maracaibo. For many years, the Fundación functioned in the Villa Espalmador in El Paraíso, but it has recently moved to new quarters in Torre El Chorro, Avenida Universidad, in the center of Caracas. Founded to facilitate research on the history and culture of Venezuela, the Fundación has assembled a strong collection covering the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, the collection is constantly being augmented by purchases, exchanges, and donations of additional material. The material available in the Fundación is found in the library, in the various archives, and in two museums.


The paper describes method of rotor position estimation for vector controlled induction machine drive without speed sensor. Short analysis of various methods of speed estimation and vector control has been made. The Model Reference Adaptive System method (MRAS) was chosen for its good tracking capability and moderate demands on DSP unit. The paper contains description of MRAS and equations of reference and adaptive model. Modifications of MRAS for improvement applicable range of speed are also discussed. Simulation results of vector controlled induction machine drive with speed estimation are shown to present features of MRAS estimator.


While South African universities remain committed to providing fair and equal information access to diverse populations, information equity and the information rich and poor and digital divide raised ethical concerns for librarians at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Librarians realized that while the democratization of information addressed the inequalities of information access, it did not address equitable access because the information poor did not have the skills to share equitably in the equality of information. To promote information equity, librarians designed innovative programs to ensure fairness in information justice by affecting a service delivery paradigm shift from a one "size fits all" to a "customized services" approach.


We read with interest Hawasli et al. report of a pleomorphic sarcoma metastatic to the left atrium. However, we suspect that the true site of origin is unknown, and may in fact be the heart. There are several reasons for this: the histological appearance is similar to left atrial tumors that have already been reported; the left atrium, is the most common site of cardiac pleomorphic sarcoma; all metastatic sarcomas to the heart have been in the right atrium or ventricle or have involved myocardium and/or pericardium; 3,4 the tumor appears to have been present in the heart at the time of intestinal resection, as the angiographic findings suggest, as well as the large size of the valve tumor (9 cm); tumors of such histology are very uncommon in the duodenum; histopathological findings of the duodenal specimen are not presented. At the very least, we believe that it is unknown which of the two sites is primary. For this reason, we believe that the very rare scenario of metastatic sarcoma presenting as a left atrial mass is still not demonstrated convincingly. References