Anaphors and the grammatical roles of their antecedents are examined in Finnish language data in order to establish a correlation between two universal hierarchies: the Keenan & Comrie (1977) NP Accessibility Hierarchy and the hierarchy of accessibility of referential expressions (Accessibility Marking Scale) (Ariel 1985, 1988, 1990). A more or less clear correlation pattern between the type of anaphoric NPs and the grammatical roles of their antecedents arises in Finnish intuition data (Section 2), and this pattern is corroborated by the data from prose text counts (Section 3). Even though a one-to-one mapping between the two hierarchies remains an idealization, it is clear that grammatical relations do bear on the type of anaphoric expression employed.


Book Notes presents information regarding a variety of media that relate to teaching special needs children and that may be of interest to teachers, parents, administrators, and university faculty. In this issue, two guest reviewers look at books on team approaches to youth in crises and teaching math to students with learning disabilities. I reviewed books on positive classroom management and strategies for inclusion. Items reviewed are mailable through the publishers. I f you have any suggestions that would be appropriate for this column, plecise send the information, advertisement, or media to Mark Goor, Associate Editor, Graduate School of Education, George Mason IJniversit y, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444-MBG


We present a precise measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) and the direct CP violation parameter A(f) using the final data sample of 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected at the gamma(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+) e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in a J/psi K-S(0), psi(2S)K-S(0), chi K-c1(S)0, or J/psi K-L(0) CP eigenstate an(its flavor is identified from the decay products of the accompanying B meson. From the distribution of proper-time intervals between the two B decays, we obtain the following CP violation parameters: sin2 phi(1) 0.667 +/- 0.023(stat) +/- 0.012(syst) and A(f) = 0.006 +/- 0.016(stat) +/- 0.012(syst).


Combustion using high temperature and low oxygen content air is a new technique with many advantages such as larger energy saving and lower NOx pollution. In this new technique, air is preheated over the self-ignition point of the fuel and the volumetric oxygen content in combustion chamber is less than 15%. It can be implemented by utilizing high efficient regenerative heat exchanger and recycling exhaust gas in furnace. In this research, experiments were conducted to investigate the flame characteristics using nitrogen as diluting gas and adopting electric heating element to preheat air. The results show that on the condition of high temperature and low oxygen content air, the volume, the brightness, and the color of flame change significantly, the maximum temperature of flame decreases obviously, and the temperature distribution in furnace becomes uniform. A technique renovation is proposed for traditional radiant heating tube based on this new combustion scheme, and the advantages obtained by this renovation are evaluated. It is found that higher heat efficiency, uniform surface temperature, longer life expectancy, and lower NOx emission and combustion noise can be achieved. The calculation results show that the heat efficiency of radiant-tube can reach 85.3% and save energy up to 21.55% after the renovation. At the same time, the non-uniform coefficient of surface temperature is decreased to 0.02 or less. A small-scale test facility is being built to validate these results.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Today, new approaches to management of surface water management practices in the collection and disposal location is appropriate. It also aims to study how to implement and cost management of construction projects to collect and dispose of surface water has been commensurate with the location.does not assign a stage.Arc GIS 9.3 software system has been implemented. The study sample is selected city of Sabzevar. The construction cost management initiatives in order to collect and dispose of surface water from the Visual Basic programming language to develop system software Arc GIS 9.3 is used. The efficiency of the system with the extended spatial information about its role in the implementation of management plans for surface water collection and disposal were examined.The results of this system is efficiency. It is worth noting that display information on the operation costs by choosing design features a map of the location system is proposed in this study. The most significant achievements of this system is surface water flow in flood modeling for the optimal management of the system is synchronized.


In this paper we represent results concerning pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of iron after the oral application of Vitaferro to women in the second half of pregnancy suffering or not from anaemia in comparison to nonpregnant women. The significance of different parameters used to proof an iron deficiency is discussed. In all pregnant probands the bioavailability of Vitaferro is about twice as high as in nonpregnant women. Also the parameters of elimination refer to an enhanced retention of iron during pregnancy. We conclude from our investigations that an iron deficiency may be diagnosed well by the determination of haemoglobin values, iron concentration in serum, binding capacity and resorption of iron. During pregnancy the preparation Vitaferro is well resorbed and does not cause incompatibilities. Thus it is suitable for the treatment of anaemia during pregnancy.


her death was under 6 hours. Postmortem lumbar puncture revealed a lightly purulent fluid containing abundant gram-negative intracellular diplococci. Blood culture yielded an abund ant growth of organisms even before subculture; these proved to be N. meningitidis.


Introduction

General Definitions

Protein Denaturation

Protein Stability

Enzymes in Monophasic Water–Cosolvent Mixtures

Reversible Denaturation

Stabilization of Enzymes against Denaturation by Organic Cosolvents

Irreversible Inactivation: Precipitation

Suspensions of Enzymes in Anhydrous Media

Protein Denaturation During Lyophilization

Effect of Organic Solvents on Structure and Activity of Enzymes

High Thermal Stability of Enzymes in Anhydrous Media

Conclusion

Bibliography

Keywords:

catalytic activity;
conformation;
denaturation;
enzymes;
inactivation;
organic solvents;
proteins;
stability;
stabilization


A person who has committed a crime and suffers from a mental disease can be sentenced to forensic psychiatric care with special discharge review. The special discharge review, which is regulated by the Forensic Mental Care Act (1991:1129), means that an administrative court, instead of the Chief Medical Officer as in other cases, decides whether a patient should be discharged. Discharge should not be granted if the patient suffers a risk of recidivism into serious crime due to his or her mental disease and risk assessments are used to examine this recidivism risk. Since the purpose of these assessments is to anticipate future acts and the use is motivated by society protection purposes it can be questioned whether these assessments are in accordance with the rule of law. This thesis will be based on legal and non-legal material and the purpose is to discuss the quality of the risk assessments and the use of them on the basis of Aleksander Peczenik's theories on formal and material rule of law. Formal rule of law is enabled by the predictability of legal decisions and material rule of law requires legal decisions to also be ethical.

The use of risk assessments has been motivated by a will to protect the society from violence caused by people suffering from mental disease, but this can be questioned due to research indicating that the violence is not triggered by the mental disease alone but rather on other factors. Research has further shown that the risk assessments are uncertain. The average certainty of the assessments is 75 % while the probability of a risk assessment correctly anticipating a recidivism risk is merely 41 %. The risk assessments exhibit compliance flaws with regard to both formal and material rule of law. There is a lack of predictability due to the uncertainty of the risk assessments. The uncertainty causes the courts to defy the legal rules and deprave a person of its freedom in spite of there not being an actual recidivism risk. Moreover, the fact that recidivism risk is a reason to deprive the freedom of offenders suffering from mental disease, but not other offenders, can be criticized from an ethical perspective. There could be a lack of equality since the risk of recidivism is not limited to offenders with mental disease and much suggests the assumed need of protection in these cases is based on common assumptions of people with mental disease as dangerous. Furthermore, it could be viewed as unethical with regard to the proportionality principle and the principle of humanity to deprive people of their freedom by retaining them in compulsory care based on a risk assessment in spite of the uncertainty of these assessments. Although the interest of protecting the society from violent crimes is legitimate, it should be required that this need of protection is investigated and motivated further. If not, the uncertain risk assessments can hardly be justified as a reason to deprive a person its freedom.


Two mapping methods to study magnetic field lines near the separatrix of poloidal divertor tokamaks in the presence of external non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations are proposed. The first mapping method is based on the Hamiltonian formulation of field line equations in the Boozer coordinates and solving it by the canonical transformation of variables (Abdullaev et al 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 153). The second mapping is a canonical mapping near the separatrix which is constructed using the recently developed method (Abdullaev 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 064202, Abdullaev 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 064202). We construct the corresponding mappings for magnetic field lines in divertor tokamaks in the presence of non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations. The mappings are applied to study the properties of open stochastic field lines near the separatrix for the wire model of the plasma. Poincaré sections, the so-called laminar and magnetic footprint plot (a contour plot of wall to wall connections lengths) in the plasma region and on the divertor plates are obtained. The quasilinear diffusion coefficients of field lines are also estimated.


Using individual‐based panel data from the New Earnings Survey, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the working time behaviour of British full‐time male and female workers as well as part‐time female workers. We investigate the following: male–female differences in basic and overtime working patterns; extensive overtime working; age‐related patterns of weekly basic and overtime hours; the effects of collective bargaining on hours of work; industrial, public–private sector and occupational breakdowns of basic and total hours. The results for the last three topics are based on estimates from fixed effect regressions with time‐varying parameters.


The morbidity rate of contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN)rises year by year,which has became one of the important causes of iatrogenic acute kidney function failure.The research on the prevention of it mainly concentrate on the hydrated therapy,choice of contrast medium,hemodialysis,N-acetylcysteine,Calcium channel blocker,statins,antioxidant,adenosine antagonist,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,L-Arginine,atrial natriuretic factor,endothelin receptor antagonist as well as diuretic.However,most drugs are proved to be ineffective or harmful,only a few have been proven to be effective or may be effective.


This article proposes a novel wireless, battery-free, and label-free biosensor for minimally invasive and noninvasive permittivity sensing for applications, such as detecting glucose levels in the interstitial dermal fluid. The miniaturized, fully passive sensor is based on two symmetric parallel 0.8 mm3 inductor–capacitor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) resonators. Each inductor is integrated with a conductive plate at one of its terminals. The main field of the passive sensor is outside the resonators, creating an effective capacitance outside the sensor, unlike reported in previous studies, where the effective capacitance was limited between the resonator lines. The proposed sensor was further analyzed under two different scenarios to change the region of effective capacitance and test its suitability for pressure monitoring, such as wound monitoring; first, by repositioning one of the two resonators, and second, by replacing one of the resonators with a conductive plate. The experimental results confirmed the proposed passive sensor's performance in detecting the glucose concentration in an aqueous solution with a sensitivity of 500 and 46 kHz/(mg/dL) for minimal invasive and noninvasive monitoring, respectively, within the glucose range of 0–500 mg/dL with volume sample requirements as low as 60 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, by repositioning one of the resonators, the effective capacitance lies inside the passive sensor, making it suitable for wound monitoring. The results indicated that the shift in the resonant frequency can be made fairly linear with respect to the variation in the separation between the resonators with a sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5\times 10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MHz/mm within the separation range of 0.2–0.5 mm, considering separation as the main factor to sense the pressure or healing of the wound.


We describe the case of a newborn infant with duplication of the testis and absence of the contralateral testis. The patient also had bilateral indirect inguinal hernias and an ipsilateral undescended testicle.


The goal of this chapter is to show results of systematic calculations for adsorption from binary non-electrolyte solutions using Lattice Density Functional Theory (LDFT). It is shown that several of the basic types of adsorption isotherms in the experimental classification Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. hab. Artur P. Terzyk, Prof. of N.C.U., Dept. Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, 7 Gagarin St. 87-100 Torun, Poland. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com URL: http://www.chem.uni.torun.pl/~aterzyk/ P. A. Gauden et al. 518 proposed by Giles et al. can be predicted from LDFT with reasonable estimates for the adsorbent-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interaction energies. Varying the values of the energetic parameters allows one to investigate the behaviour of adsorption isotherms for solutions, the phase transitions that can occur, and the changes from one classification to another. LDFT predictions are compared with experimental results published by several authors. Moreover we show the fitting of LDFT model to experimental data of sorption on activated carbons.


Liquid membrane (LM) technology offers a new approach for extracting mineral values from aqueous streams, such as uranium from Wet Process Phosphoric Acid (WPPA). This approach utilizes a water-in-oil emulsion as the vehicle to simultaneously remove uranium from a WPPA feed and concentrate it in the internal aqueous phase of the LM emulsion. The simultaneous extraction and stripping operation of the LM process resulted in a kinetically controlled uranium separation, removing some of the limitations of the thermodynamically dominated solvent extraction process. This difference in basic mechanism manifested itself in a unique response to variation of the physicochemical parameters affecting the transport and concentration of uranium. In contrast to solvent extraction, LM extraction exhibited an inverse temperature response, insensitivity to phosphoric acid strength of 5 to 8 M, and insensitivity to the concentration of complexing agent in the range of 0.07 to 0.14 M.


Enlightening teaching ideas focuses on students as the body and the teacher as the leader.The concrete methods in practice include question-answer;experimentation,discussion and so on.It plays a very important role in helping students to construct a reasonable knowledge system,training thinking ability,and well-formed emotional values.


In "Dynamic crack propagation in weak snowpack layers: Insights from high-resolution, high-speed photography" by Bergfeld et al., fracture in Propagation Saw Tests (PSTs) is examined using a new high-speed/resolution camera combined with digital image correlation for particle tracking. I enjoyed reviewing this article as it contains high-speed measurements and analysis of fracture at the PST scale that improves resolution of acceleration and other derivative measures that were too noisy using older equipment. The strain measurements in the weak layer and the collapse wavelength measurement are notable. The methods employed are sound and varied, e.g. three different techniques were employed for crack speed estimates.


The number of overweight and obese college students in the United States has remained high, which could be related to the comfort food and beverages consumed. Sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes are beverages and comfort food commonly consumed by college students. Furthermore, people's behavior is affected by their perceptions and goals. Thus, this study aimed to assess the correlations between the perception, goal of body weight, and sugarsweetened beverages and fried potatoes consumption behaviours of college students. A crosssectional survey of 371 college students was conducted via a self-reporting questionnaire that included information related to sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potato consumption behavior in the past month. The involved students also described their body weight perception and future goal. Spearman correlation and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the associations. There were significant associations (p<0.0001) between perception of body weight and goal of body weight, regular soda consumption and other sweetened beverage consumption, regular soda consumption and fried potato consumption, and other sweetened beverage consumption and fried potatoes consumption. In addition, there were significant correlations between goals of body weight and other sweetened beverage consumption (p=0.0370). These findings confirmed that perception of body weight was associated with goal of body weight and provided a significant importance for educational intervention to students on improving awareness of healthy body weight and eating.


We present results of a comprehensive study of collapsing and bouncing thin shells with rotation, framing it in the context of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. The analysis is based on a formalism developed specifically for higher odd dimensions that is able to describe the dynamics of collapsing rotating shells exactly. We analyse and classify a plethora of shell trajectories in asymptotically flat spacetimes. The parameters varied include the shell's mass and angular momentum, its radial velocity at infinity, the (linear) equation-of-state parameter and the spacetime dimensionality. We find that plunges of rotating shells into black holes never produce naked singularities, as long as the matter shell obeys the weak energy condition, and so respects cosmic censorship. This applies to collapses of dust shells starting from rest or with a finite velocity at infinity. Not even shells with a negative isotropic pressure component (i.e. tension) lead to the formation of naked singularities, as long as the weak energy condition is satisfied. Endowing the shells with a positive isotropic pressure component allows for the existence of bouncing trajectories satisfying the dominant energy condition and fully contained outside rotating black holes. Otherwise any turning point occurs always inside the horizon. These results are based on strong numerical evidence from scans of numerous sections in the large parameter space available to these collapsing shells. The generalisation of the radial equation of motion to a polytropic equation-of-state for the matter shell is also included in an appendix.


Overweight and obesity is quite common in the modern society, which can result in many severe health problems. Thus weight loss has become a major event for many people to have a healthy living. A question is then raised for Biometrics or identity management: Is there any influence on face recognition when the facial shapes are varied, caused by body weight changes? No previous research has addressed this issue, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we study the influence of body weight changes on face recognition. Both synthesized and real face images are assembled as the databases to facilitate our study. Empirically, we found that large body weight alterations can significantly reduce the matching accuracy of the face recognition system. This is a new exploration to the biometrics society. Then we study if the influence of weight changes can be reduced to improve the face recognition performance. The partial least squares (PLS) method is applied for this purpose. Our preliminary results show that it is feasible to develop algorithms to address the influence of facial adiposity variation on face recognition, caused by weight changes.


After a brief review of magnetospheric and interplanetary phenomena for intervals with enhanced solar wind-magnetosphere interaction, an attempt is made to define a geomagnetic storm as an interval of time when a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial energization in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current sufficiently strong to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index. The associated storm/substorm relationship problem is also reviewed. Although the physics of this relationship does not seem to be fully understood at this time, basic and fairly well established mechanisms of this relationship are presented and discussed. Finally, toward the advancement of geomagnetic storm research, some recommendations are given concerning future improvements in monitoring existing geomagnetic indices as well as the solar wind near Earth.


Arguments for a two boundary theory are briefly outlined. Plausible concepts of how in such a theory an approximate causal macroscopic theory can emerge are presented. A problem with simple implementations of the two boundary theory is that effective or real willful decisions can not be added as there is no consecutive macroscopic time ordering. In this letter, we present a somewhat drastic but beautiful way to avoid it.


A method of fracturing and gravel packing a borehole in an earth formation comprises positioning a completion string 20 in a borehole 12, the completion string having at least one filter assembly 24 adapted to filter entry of particulates from a the exterior of the completion string into the completion string and having at least one fracturing sub 22. The annulus 34 between the completion string and the borehole is sealed 26 and a gravel packing slurry flowed around the filter assembly into the annulus between the completion string and the borehole via a passage between the seal and the filter assemblies. The earth formation is then fractured with the fracturing sub and fluids produced from the earth formation through the completion string. The completion string may be positioned such that the fracturing sub is at least partially located in an uncased portion of the borehole. The filter may be either a sand screen or a slotted pipe.


This paper describes a simulation platform for the optimal operation of active distribution networks simulations. The optimal operation strategy is obtained by solving a minimization problem through a Distribution Management System model, proposed by the authors in previous works. Two software packages, Matlab and DIgSILENT PowerFactory, are employed and linked together in an automatic data exchange procedure to gather data from the network model, to solve the minimization, and to apply the optimization results on the network model. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure has been tested on the rural Italian representative network produced by the research project ATLANTIDE.


We show the spontaneous formation of multiple nanoscale carbon p-n junctions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and negatively charged N,B-codoped graphene (NBG). Application of these carbon nanocomposites to catalyze the selective oxidation of an organic amine to imine resulted in an unprecedented activity under mild conditions.


Abrasive Waterjet Cutting has proven to be an effective and economical process for separating virtually any material. Today, applications of abrasive waterjet cutting can be found in many different industries and range from producing very small high precision parts to making rough separation cuts of 6" steel plates. OMAX Corporation has taken the lead in addressing precision cutting through its Intelli-MAX® Software. This patented control software uses advanced computer models of the abrasive waterjet cutting process and sophisticated control strategies to provide the fastest cutting possible, especially for production of high-quality complex contours with many corners and radii. To assure the highest possible performance for its users, OMAX is engaged in an ongoing program of development and improvement of the Intelli-MAX software and is currently releasing the newest generation of its cutting model in the Intelli-MAX Software v12.0. With this upgrade (available, as always, to all OMAX customers at no cost) cutting performance and quality can be increased significantly. Production cycle time savings of up to 25% are possible with no changes in cutting parameters or system hardware. To permit even greater increases in productivity, the cutting parameter range of the cutting model in the IntelliMAX software has been extended to accommodate larger high-power cutting nozzles with up to a 0.020" diameter orifice size. Such a nozzle can accept the combined output of two OMAX Model 4055V pumps, thus doubling the cutting power available at the nozzle. This opens the potential for new and existing OMAX users to further increase their productivity, particularly for cutting larger parts and in thicker material. A second pump is easily retrofitted to existing single pump OMAX systems and can be used to deliver double the power to a single large nozzle (0.020" orifice), while also permitting full-power operation of dual standard nozzles (0.014" orifices) and also providing complete power unit redundancy. A dramatic example of the power of the new cutting model in the new Intelli-MAX software and the dual-pump setup can be seen in the title picture. All of the gears shown were cut from 1 inch thick stainless steel and had the same cutting time of 1 hour. The difference is that the small gear was cut with the previous generation cutting model in the Intelli-MAX software and a standard 0.014" orifice nozzle; the medium gear was cut with the new Intelli-MAX version 12.0 software and a standard 0.014" orifice nozzle; and the large gear was cut with the new software and with a high-power nozzle with 0.020" orifice and dual pumps. This demonstrates the considerable effect of the new software and even more the additional cutting performance that can be obtained with a DUAL pump setup.


Abstract Efficient conservation planning in managed forest landscapes requires knowledge about the location of functional habitat for specialised species. We explored the importance of different variables to predict habitat suitability for the white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechstein), a proposed umbrella species in deciduous forest. Specifically, we tested whether biophysical proxy variables indicating management intensity and the occurrence of natural processes constituted a useful complement to traditional remotely sensed data on tree species composition and forest stand age for modelling the woodpecker's habitat. Presence–absence of the woodpecker during the study period (1986–2006) in southwestern Sweden was explained by the area of edge habitats (forest bordering water or farmland) and wetland forest, and location relative to the historical marine limit. The number of years with occurrence of the woodpecker in a territory was explained by the area of forest bordering water and wetland forest. Among traditional forest variables, the area of deciduous forest had a strong positive effect on both woodpecker presence–absence and the number of years with occurrence. The results support the hypothesis that edge habitats and forest types subject to natural processes favouring deciduous trees and dead wood creation are valuable to the woodpecker and should be prioritised in conservation planning.


After the emergence of Life Cycle Engineering as an effective tool for analyzing the various environmental impacts of a product in the stages of designydevelopment, manufacturing, service and disposal, a necessity arises to analyze the cost information pertaining to these impacts. There are possibly many approaches to analyze and evaluate the cost criteria involved in the different life cycle stages of any product or investment. This paper attempts to review many of those approaches methodologically, and specifically outline a practical framework that provides a new tool for evaluating all the eco-costs and developing a cost effective eco-design of any product. 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.


To evaluate the protective effects of JiaoHao extract (JHE) on myocardium cells of rat with viral myocarditis(VMC). Methods VMC model in SD rats were infected by CVB3. VMC of SD rats were cultured in vitro and added JHE by different concentration and different times into the medium. Counting the number of VMC and recording the growth curve of cell in the JHE liquids. Cardiac cell proliferation was assessed by colorimetric assay. The largest non-toxic dosage of drug test was selected and the direct killing activity test was measured on CVB3 in vitro, and protecting rate was calculated, too. Results From 1:8 to 1:256 dilute degrees in the range,the growth of myocardium cell was no change significantly. There was no difference between CVB3 group and CVB3 + drug group in the level of LgTCID_(50). The protecting rate was 56.9%, 68.8% , 75% ,95%, 44%, 23% respectively in the range of 1:10, 1: 20, 1:40, 1: 80, 1:160, 1:320 dilute degrees. Compared with CVB3 group, from 48 hours after being treated with JHE, the level of LgTCID_(50) in drug group was significantly decreased. Conclusion Our study indicates that JHE may be an efficient drugs for treating in acute phase of viral myocarditis.


This article addresses the question of how morphologically complex words are represented in the mental grammar of monolingual adult speakers of German. We contend that in perception, speakers assign a plural or singular meaning according to the degree of reliability to which a given shape is associated with the function singular or plural. In this article, we present the results of two lexical decision experiments with nonce words. In experiment 1, the nonce words presented are preceded by the article form die, and, in experiment 2, the same nonce words are presented as bare nouns. It turns out that the results for experiment 1 and 2 differ. Nevertheless, we argue that the results for both experiments can straightforwardly be explained by a schema account. More precisely, we distinguish between firstand second-order schemata. First-order schemata rely on the pure word form onto which a specific function is mapped. But, recent developments of the schema approach argue that in the speaker's representation of word forms not only single schemata are stored and mapped onto specific functions, but rather schema-pairs, e.g. a singular and its most likely plural partner, referred to as *We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. Our thanks are also due to Linda Thornburg and Klaus Panther for correcting our English, and to Katie von Holzen for her help with statistics. Word Structure 14.1 (2021): 1–24 DOI: 10.3366/word.2021.0173 © Edinburgh University Press www.euppublishing.com/word 'second-order schema'. The results of our experiments support the assumption of firstand second-order schemata and their interaction.


Objective To investigate the expression of eNOS in pulmonary atery remodeling caused by left pneumonectomy plus monocrotaline(MCT) injection in rats. Methods Fifty male SD rats weighting 180~250*!g were random assigned to 2 equal groups (n=20). In group M+P, rats were injected with MCT(60 mg/kg) on day 7 after left pneumonectomy. In control group, rats were injected with NS on day 7 after sham operation. Rats were reanesthetized for thoracotomy at day 0 before pneumonectomy and day 14, 21, 28, 35 after left pneumonectomy respectively in each group, then pulmonary atery pressure, ventricular weight were evaluated. The percentage of vascular wall thickness/vascular external diameter (%WT) was determined by pathological image digital analyzer system, and the intimal thickening developed in intra-acinar arteries was quantified by average vascular occlusion score. Pulmonary vascular eNOS immunoreactivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and eNOS mRNA was determined by RT-PCR assays. Results In group M+P there was a significant increase in pulmonary atery pressure, RV/ (LV + S) weight ratio, WT% and average vascular occlusion score in small pulmonary arteries as compared with control group(P0.01). In group M+P, the expression of eNOS mRNA was significantly decreased at day 14, 21, 28, 35 after left pneumonectomy in time dependence as compared with control group(P0.01). At day 35 after left pneumonectomy the expression of eNOS in group M+P was lower than that in control group(P0.01). Significantly inverse correlations were seen between the expression level of eNOS mRNA and WT%, pulmonary atery pressure, RV/ (LV+S) weight ratio(P0.01). Conclusion The significant decrease of eNOS suggests an essential role of eNOS in the pulmonary vascular remodeling during the development of pulmonary hypertension caused by left pneumonectomy plus MCT injection in rats.


Chicken meat papads were prepared with raw and partially cooked spent hen meat by addition of cooked and mashed potato, bengal gram flour and black gram flour each at 15% level and evaluated for quality. The papads prepared with 15% black gram flour had significantly (P < 0.05) lower cooking loss (%), higher crude protein and overall acceptability than those papads prepared with 15% mashed potato, bengal gram flour and control. Addition of 15% mashed potato resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher emulsion stability and lower percent ether extract. The formulation with 15% bengal gram flour had significantly (P < 0.05) lower moisture content and those with partially cooked meat recorded significantly lower (P<0.05) cooking loss (%), moisture, crude protein and ether extract contents but higher emulsion stability than their raw counter parts. The addition of bengal gram and black gram flours was proved effective in chicken meat papad preparation.


The signals that regulate T‐cell activation have been studied for some time. We know that upon interaction with antigen/MHC complex, the TCR triggers the activation of a number of kinases, including tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. The Tec family kinase IL‐2– inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) plays a role in this response, but the signaling pathways that ITK regulates are less well known. Even less known are the binding partners and substrates of ITK. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology extends our knowledge on the subject by showing that ITK interacts with the transcriptional regulator TFII‐I. The implications of this finding are discussed.


In the real world, vergence and accomodation aim at the same point. In virtual environments, however, the points for optimal vergence and optimal accommodation are dissociated, with still unclear perceptual consequences. In Experiment 1, we measured visual acuity in depth for various eccentricities. The functional visual field was smaller in depth than in x- and y-direction for the same viewing distance. Experiment 2 was designed to compare visual acuity with a virtual and a real fixation target. Better performance with the virtual fixation point suggests that in virtual environments, accommodation focuses on the monitor rather than on the out-screen object. Both results demonstrate that although vergence and accommodation can be dissociated, it only takes place in virtual environments.


The objective of manpower optimization is to have the right number of workers with the right capabilities in the right production areas. In this research, a model was developed for optimizing manpower allocation coupling threading area.  Total initial manpower allocation is 26 manpower. Improvement executed which consider to customer demand and production capability. Evaluation result indicates there is unbalance workload distribution of each manpower. Improvement planned such as balancing the work load of each manpower, machine replacement, and re-layout the production area. The implementation based on Direct Productivity formula resulted manpower saving cost about 50%, from 26 manpower to 16 manpower. Standardized work did as well as the control item in order to stabilize the improvement process. The next step is the analysis of production capability to face the increasing of customer demand. This analysis concluded that production needed additional overtime and additional work shift in order to fulfill the customer demand


Contending with signal variability due to source and channel effects is a critical problem in automatic emotion recognition. Any approach in mitigating these effects however has to be done so as to not compromise emotion-relevant information in the signal. A promising approach to this problem has been through feature normalization using features drawn from non-emotional ("neutral") speech samples. This paper considers a scheme for minimizing the inter-speaker differences while still preserving the emotional discrimination of the acoustic features. This can be achieved by estimating the normalization parameters using only neutral speech, and then applying the coefficients to the entire corpus (including emotional set). Specifically, this paper introduces a feature normalization scheme that implements these ideas by iteratively detecting neutral speech and normalizing the features. As the approximation error of the normalization parameters is reduced, the accuracy of the emotion detection system increases. The accuracy of the proposed iterative approach, evaluated across three databases, is only 2.5% lower than the one trained with optimal normalization parameters, and 9.7% higher than the one trained without any normalization scheme.


Enhanced support for (i) post-accident job retention policies and (ii) employers that hire reemployed workers post-accident is necessary to improve job retention among workers and bridge retention gaps between those who "return to original work" and those who are "reemployed." Objectives This study aimed to investigate how the type of return to work after an industrial accident affects job retention. Methods Using data from the panel study of workers' compensation insurance first-third, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for workers leaving their jobs. Results The HR leaving their jobs were higher in the "reemployed" compared with that in the "returned to original work," with HR of 2.69 (2.33–3.10). According workers' status, the HRs leaving their jobs were higher among the "reemployed" than among those who "returned to original work." Regular and daily workers' HRs were 1.70 (1.37–2.11) and 3.55 (2.96–4.26), respectively. Conclusions The findings suggest that to increase job retention rate, protection policies for reemployed workers or support for employers who hire reemployed workers should be considered.


The kinematics, instantaneous motion, and statics of a manipulator have recently been determined algebraically. In the past, such studies did not provide any intuition about the equation. Robot designers had to use a numerical method or trial-and-error solver with unintuitive equations. Alternatively, all algebraic processes have their own geometrical meaning. Geometric analysis provides intuition for designing the linkages of a robot. Screw theory and barycentric formulas are used to find meaningful geometric measures. The kinematics and statics of a manipulator are described by an axis screw and its reciprocal line screw. The barycenter of a triangle with edges and a perpendicular distance between the two screws are useful geometric measures for geometric analysis. This study provides a geometric interpretation of the kinematics and statics of a planar manipulator using a barycentric formula.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


g goes from 0.2 to 1.0. The analysis IS based on the presence of a BMN supertrap in large amounts (10- 3 ) and on the fact that supertrapping.o~ th~ guest ex~itons dominates the kinetics while heterofusion (triplet guest-triplet supertr~p anmhI~atI~n) domInat~s over the homofusion (guest-guest annihilation) and was used to monitor the kinetIcs. We also Investigated in detail photodetrapping and the relative efficiencies of the various fusion channels. An analysis of the transport data is given in paper II.


We theoretically and experimentally investigate a locking method for a fiber-optic acoustic emission (AE) sensor system based on a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FBG) and a distributed-feedback diode laser. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FBG features a narrow notch in the middle of the reflection spectrum for high-sensitivity AE detection. The investigated locking method generates a signal that is proportional to the second derivative of this spectral notch, which is used as the error signal. The laser wavelength is automatically locked to one of the zero-crossing points of the error signal, which corresponds to the maximum slope of the selected side of the spectral notch. With the laser locked to the maximum slope, the optimal sensitivity for AE detection is obtained. We also show that the locking point is immune to low-frequency variations of the output power of the laser.


Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) catalyses the final step of creatine biosynthesis such that GAMT mice have undetectable levels of phosphocreatine and creatine and accumulation of the precursor (phospho-)guanidinoacetate (PGA). Like phosphocreatine, PGA acts as an energy reservoir, but energy transfer via creatine kinase is 100 times slower. We hypothesised that reduced energy transfer would be detrimental following myocardial infarction (MI). Methods GAMT and wild-type controls received coronary artery ligation or sham operation (n5104), with 3D echocardiography and left ventricular haemodynamics after 6 weeks. Results Sham GAMT mice had reduced pressure-generating capacity compared with wild-type (wt), with left ventricular systolic pressure and dP/dtmax both significantly lower and impaired contractile reserve. Despite this, there was no significant difference in post-MI survival between GAMT and wt. Both GAMT and wt infarct groups exhibited left ventricular dilatation compared with sham controls, and systolic and diastolic functionwas also severely impaired. However, there was no significant difference between GAMT and wt infarct groups for left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/dtmax, or Tau, nor for end-diastolic and endsystolic volumes or ejection fraction. Left ventricular/body weight increased by 30% in GAMT and 27% in wt, indicating a similar degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in response to MI. Conclusions Loss of energy transfer in GAMT mice was not detrimental to left ventricular remodelling, haemodynamics and survival post-MI. As acute reduction of energy transfer in the rat infarct model dramatically reduces survival, this strongly suggests that significant compensatory processes occur in GAMT mice as a result of creatine loss during early life.


A wire length measuring device, comprising a fixed connector, a connector and a movable measuring body, the movable connector includes a base and a fixing member rotatably coupled to the base and engaged with the base the measuring body is a graduated a wire, one end of the measuring body is connected to the fixed connector, and the other end movably disposed between the card connector of the movable member and the fixed base. The measuring apparatus used as a measurement tool wires, general measurement tools to circumvent the measurement varies with the wire material caused by inaccurate, and adding connectors, excluding the length of the connector in the measurement, the length of wire to improve the accuracy of measurement.


With the rapid development of computer technology, it is a challenge for training computer talent who meet the needs of society. Many schools have carried out effective exploration. CDIO is a mode in modern engineering education distinguished from traditional modes, which is project based. In this paper, we first analyze the characteristics and status of computer courses, and give the teaching reform measures with the CDIO education philosophy as a guide. New teaching methods and course content are brought into our teaching. These approaches fully develop students' practice, design and innovation, collaboration and communication skills. Experimental results show that the use of CDIO model to raining computer talent has a good effect.


The migration flow and the tendency of the "megapolizacion" of the cities carries strong impacts in itself to the territory, whereas fast urbanization does not take into account the different parameters of environmental sustainability. This article approaches another way to allow for public space from its thermal behavior. The aim is to establish the relations between urban development, microclimate and its impact on the thermal comfort of the citizen. The adopted methodology includes two tools: (1) thermal quantification with measurements taken in the field (air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) that will form the climatic context for the answers to a survey (2) that will serve to obtain a simplified evaluation of thermal comfort. It is possible to think that a direct relation exists between thermal comfort, urban development and place of residence of the citizen who explains how the urban space is used.


Rights: © 2005 American Physical Society (APS). This is the accepted version of the following article: Staab, T. E. M. & Nieminen, Risto M. & Luysberg, M. & Frauenheim, Th. 2005. Agglomeration of As Antisites in As-Rich Low-Temperature GaAs: Nucleation without a Critical Nucleus Size. Physical Review Letters. Volume 95, Issue 12. 125502/1-4. ISSN 0031-9007 (printed). DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.125502, which has been published in final form at http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.125502.


Polyethynylated ethenes, allenes, butatrienes, ethanes, and methanes provide an outstanding library of versatile modular building blocks for carbon-rich acetylenic scaffolding, targeting one-, two-, and three-dimensional architectures. Many of these modules are today available from straightforward and high-yielding synthetic protocols.


This paper constructs a stylized general equilibrium overlapping generations model in which child-rearing costs are modeled explicitly to evaluate quantitatively the effects of a demographic transition in five Asian economies: Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. The model looks at two key points: (i) how both aggregate variables and inter-generational welfare are affected, and (ii) the extent to which the policy reform reduces the negative effects it gives rise to. With this in mind, we simulate for two scenarios: a benchmark scenario and a policy change scenario. The simulation results indicate that population aging could have a major impact on savings rate, factor prices, and economic welfare. Especially important is the conclusion that population aging will lead to the end of Asia's high economic growth rates. But our simulation results also indicate that policy reform could reduce the negative effects. JEL classification: C68; E27; H55; J11


The invention relates to a fixing system for electronic and/or electric components - called E components in short - such as chips, circuits, transponders, cables (10) etc., with at least one first fastening element (12) having individual closure parts (14, 16) which, in interaction with corresponding closure parts (22) of a further fastening element (20), form an adhesive closure which can be opened and closed repeatedly, wherein the respective E component can be connected to a support (30). Owing to the fact that the further fastening element (20) can be connected to the support (30), at least part of which has an adhesive layer and/or which is composed of an embedding compound, said adhesive layer or embedding compound producing the direct connection of the respective E component to thefurther fastening element (20) assignable to it, a solution is provided which requires only a very little amount of installation space.


The Egyptian tortoise Testudo kleinmanni was recently split into two species on the basis of apparent differences in shell morphology and markings. Testudo kleinmanni was restricted to areas west of the Nile river and a new form, T. werneri , was described which occurred east of the Nile river (Perala, 2001). However, when the morphometric analysis on which this decision was based (Perala, 2001) was adjusted to allow for experiment-wise Type I error, by using P -value corrections, the proportion of the 46 characters that differed significantly between the two populations fell from 36.9% to only 13% in males and from 39.1% to just 8.7% in females. We then conducted a new morphometric analysis using our own data set that showed minor significant variation in morphometric and plastron markings between populations. An analysis of mitochondrial DNA based on 393 base pairs of the 12S rRNA gene, also showed near uniformity of western and eastern populations. Genetic divergence was only 0.2%, with the only consistent difference being a single G – A substitution at position 205. Based on the revised interpretation of Perala (2001) results, our morphometric analysis on our own data set, and the molecular evidence, the variation observed between populations is normal within a species and therefore T. werneri is not a distinct independent evolutionary lineage and should not be considered a separate species from T. kleinmanni .


The development relates to a method, a device and a system for strapping articles, said steps are carried out: • transporting an article (7, 7 ') by means of at least one conveyor device (13, 14) to a strapping station, • forming at least one loop of a strapping band (2) around the article (7, 7 ') by means of a strapping device, • connecting the ends of the loop together, wherein at least one position detecting means (17, 18, 19) the position of the object (7, 7 ') detected. The control of the strapping operation is to be simplified and made more flexible. For this purpose, it is proposed to monitor by means of a microcontroller, the movement of the activated when strapping the components and to be strapped object (7, 7 ') by a control unit (20) and to control individually optimized for each strapping operation.


Electrically-pumped photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with interband-cascade active regions operating in single spectral mode at 3.3 μm are demonstrated. At 78 K, a stripe of width 400 μm emits up to 67 mW of cw power into a single spectral mode with side-mode suppression ratio ≈ 27 dB. The full-width at half-maximum of the farfield divergence angle is ≈ 0.5°, which combined with the near-field profile yields an effective M2 of 1.7-2.0.


Early detection of the heart disease by using Computer Aided Diagnosis system (CAD) which can decrease the mortality rate among the cardiac patients. Arrhythmia is also a heart disease when the uniform pumping mechanism of heart becomes non-uniform and this will make very small change in the Electro Cardiogram (ECG) signal. But with the help of normal eyesight it is very difficult to detect the irregular heart function from the ECG signal early stage. In this paper work we have presented an highly efficient method for detection of Arrhythmia disease based on ECG signal. For our work we have taken the ECG signal data from MIT-BIH. Then we have use preprocessing method to remove the noise from the signal. Then we have detect the peaks from the ECG signal and QRS Complex. After that feature extraction method and process normalization done using the wavelet transform technique. After that use Artificial neural network to find out the input data is normal or abnormal. Our system gives 99.5% accuracy rate in Support Vector Machine (SVM) base and 99% accuracy rate in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based system to detect the Arrhythmia disease from the given ECG signal. All the experiments are simulated in MATLab Software.


Taking 48 typical small watersheds in Loess Plateau area of South Ningxia(Yuanzhou district,Pengyang county and Longde county of Guyuan city),that are clustered base on five affection factors which are the hilly density,per capita of cultivated farmland,cultivated farmland,forest land and grass land by SPSS soft.The results show that: the area could be sorted into four watershed types which are the low density of person watershed,high density of person watershed,mid-density of person watershedⅠand mid-density of person watershedⅡ.And then,the different comprehensive management models for the four types of watershed are provided.


In this paper, research on mobile internet for smart power consumption had been completed; To encourage consumers to participate in peak-shifting, various devices and technologies have been deployed on customer premise, such as interactive terminals, data gathering equipments, load control devices, visualization technology, the interactive service platform and technical support platform etc. These measures have brought out major achievements. In Beijing, Shanghai, Nanchang and Yinchuan, through an empirical study for power consumption in the different cities, experiment showed that mobile internet for smart power consumption could reduce load difference, and smooth load curve, which can improve operation efficiency of power grid and relieve pressure of energy shortage due to the participation of consumers.


Abstract The vertical tail of an aircraft produces a large radar signature and the requirement for stealth in new military aircraft necessitates the design of tailless aircraft. Without the vertical tail results in lateral-directional response characteristics which are a great deal different from those of conventional aircraft. In this paper, a robust controller designed for the tailless aircraft is presented. The controller's basic structure consists of an inner-loop DI controller wrapped around an outer-loop robust µ-synthesis controller. The inner-loop controller equalizes the tailless aircraft dynamics across the flight envelope, and the outer-loop controller addresses the issues of stability, performance, and robustness to tailless aircraft uncertainties.


Reported frequencies of cardiomyopathy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) vary. We describe the frequency and age at onset of cardiomyopathy in an LDMDR9 cohort.


Academic Advisory Expert System for FSKSM, UTM is a combination of expert system and academic advisory system for FSKSM, UTM. An expert system is a set of program that provides expert quality solutions to problems in a specific domain. The Academic Advisory System will try to be an expert of Academic Advisory in providing suggestion, advising and solutions to problems having by students in FSKSM, UTM. Knowledge representation model is based on the production rule which consists of a collection of conditional statement. This system is developed using Visual BASIC programming language.


With his own coined couple concepts "complete and incomplete inversion counterpoint," the author mainly proposes a solution to the teaching and composing of "polyphonic incomplete inversion counterpoint," tackling a series of other derivative concepts,such as synchronous reverse counterpoint,retrograde counterpoint and its imitation,double transformative (retrograde) imitation.


Many ethologists have pointed out the multiple difficulties to study animal play behavior. Among them, two substantial hurdles lie in the various and sometimes contrasting definitions of play, as well as the possible functional aspects of play. Thus, to cope with these inherent difficulties, it seems important to find possible detours. Here, I discuss resent studies on regional variations in animal behavior, sometimes referred to as cultural behaviors, as an example of methodological approach to studying animal play behavior. In order to systematically compare the play patterns observed across regions, it is necessary to construct a comprehensive list of play patterns characteristic of a particular species (a play ethogram). I video-recorded play patterns of juvenile Japanese macaques from Arashiyama, and several other field sites in Japan. I present a part of the ongoing collection of video data. I discuss how the study of regional variation in play may provide new insights into research of animal play behavior. The result suggests that play pattern such as "play chasing with a target object" would be fixed only among juveniles in particular study sites, while play pattern such as "play fighting" would be universal among juveniles in all study sites.


The authors enter this conversation on equity, inclusion, and belonging in early care and education with abolition and ethnic studies as necessary standpoints that must be embodied to build what the world can and should be for its youngest inhabitants. Early care and education systems have been marked by damaging practices, pathologizing portrayals, and carceral pedagogies, which demand radical reimagining. The authors offer this writing as a collective—of early childhood educators, motherscholars, and community workers—realizing that there is more expertise and possibilities for change from the collective than any one person alone. This article shares how ethnic studies and abolition gave the authors the language and concepts to put their dreams of humanizing learning experiences for young children into action. They describe key concepts and examples of how abolition and ethnic studies can serve as methodological frameworks to attend to the survivance of young children and communities of color.


Despite the potential of the Rembang zone mountain range is meagre compared to the Kendeng mountain range situated to the south, the Rembang Zone is still known to have archaeological potential. Research in the Rembang Zone in Blora and Rembang regencies have been conducted since 2005. This study aims to reveal the potential for prehistoric cave occupations in the two regencies, which are influenced by karst morphology and lithology. The biggest impact of the morphology and lithology is the lack of caves, rock shelters, or the formation of collapsed doline, which are adequate as prehistoric cave dwellings.


A project was initiated to collect network-level falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data along Virginia's Interstate system. The FWD data collection aims to build a comprehensive database of deflection data and associated structural analysis to be used for future implementation of the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Virginia's current network-level evaluation protocol requires that pavements be tested every tenth of a mile at four drop levels, with three deflection basins (repetitions) collected at each drop level. To test the more than 2,000 lane miles of Interstate system, it was necessary to determine if the number of test points per mile and the number of load levels used could be reduced to increase the testing production rate and reduce the high cost of testing and traffic control. FWD testing was initiated on the entire length of I-77 and on portions of I-64 and I-81 by using the current testing protocol with only two deflection basins collected at each drop level. A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on subgrade moduli, effective structural number, and layer moduli calculated by using the AASHTO and the ELMOD methods, respectively. The results of this study document that network-level testing at 10 points per mile can be reduced to three points per mile, and the four FWD drop levels can be reduced to only one drop level, with two deflection basins collected at this load level, without statistically compromising the quality of the data collected. However, the recommendation was made to collect data at multiple load levels for future in situ characterization of material stress sensitivity.


Despite the presence of numerous tests of sperm quality and function, no single laboratory test can determine with accuracy and precision whether a man is fertile or not. It is important to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) in the male and female reproductive tract, especially because the results have diagnostic and prognostic value in the management of infertility. Out of total number, the present study is carried out on a total of (55) patient with primary male factor infertility in Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital in Najaf Province and Cancer Research Unit in Kufa Medical College between April 2004-June 2005. The distribution of 55 patients in group I were classified into 8 subgroups according to pathological cause of infertility: 1. Asthenozoospermia (A),n=7


Background: Stroke in patients under 45 years of age occurs less frequently than in older patients but its impact on the individual and society is greater. Recent studies have reported decreasing trends of acute ischemic stroke hospitalization. However, it is less clear what the trends are in different age groups and across different races. We sought to determine trends of ischemic stroke by age, gender and race in a large multi-ethnic population. Methods: Northern California Kaiser Permanente (KPNC) is a large multi-ethnic health care system that serves over 3 million members. Membership demographics, socio-economic and racial-ethnic distributions are representative of California. Study patients were identified by primary discharge ICD-9 codes (433.01, 433.11, 433.21, 433.31, 433.81, 433.91, 434.01, 434.11, 434.91 and 436) for the period of January 2000 - December 2008. Only one stroke per person per year was included in the analyses. Age-adjusted stroke rates standardized to the 2000 US Census population were calculated. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine trend data. Results: From 2000-2008, a total of 25,433 ischemic strokes and 28,438,488 person-years were included in the analyses. Age-adjusted rates of ischemic stroke decreased from 203 to 145 per 100,000 during this time (p Conclusions: While the overall trend in KPNC showed a decrease in age-adjusted rates for ischemic stroke from 2000-2008, this was mainly true for age ≥ 65 years. There was an alarming rise in the number of ischemic strokes among patients age 25-44 years. Further studies to assess the trends of vascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes are needed to identify future stroke prevention targets in this age group.


At present,environmental ethics has become a quite sound unique theory.In the view of the sequence of ethical concerning and adjusted scope,from the relation of man and man,of man and animals and plants,to that of man and nature,it can be classified into anthropocentric theory,animal-centered theory,biocentrism and ecocentrism.Animal-centered theory holds one shows concern for the feelings of animals;creature-centered theory extends the concern to all living beings;ecology-centered theory requires one should think as a mountain does, examining nature by decreasing his individuality.Animal liberation/rights theory,a individualistic environmental ethics,considers all animals have equal rights,whether they should be protected is no connection with the species they belong to and with the number of individuals of the species.If acquired with the same sensibility,they also should be concerned with equal morals.In the contrast,holistic land ethics takes the imminent danger level and contribution to ecosystem as basic criteria.The survival of individual endangered species has a great meaning for the survival of their species as well as for the whole ecosystem, thus deserving much attention.Although they fall into environmental ethics,animal liberation and land ethnics differ in theory and practice.


The Region of the Americas has a very large equity gap, and the United States–Mexico border is no exception, as indicated by the gradient between the two countries and between communities along both sides of the border. For example, the average household income in San Diego, California, United States (US$ 60 000), is about double that in McAllen, Texas, United States (US$ 30 000), and there is an abysmal difference between the average household income along the northern Mexican border states (US$ 10 000) and the southern U.S. border states (US$ 40 000) (1). With release of the


Taking the LAN of Changsha Telecommunications and Technology Vocational College as the example, this paper introduces how the campus users achieve their communication by using the network exchange equipment.


On Tuesday 21 August 2012 the Legislative Council resolved in the affirmative a motion supporting, inter alia, the creation of a tobacco-free generation (TFG) of children born this century in Tasmania, as well as progressively reducing the availability of tobacco products in Tasmania. At that time no Bill was before the Parliament to progress this proposition, nor has a government since introduced such a Bill. The matter was referred to the Commissioner for Children for consultation with the generation of young people who would be affected by the proposal. A report was prepared in 2013, and is expected to be available soon. Similarly, the Cancer Council of Tasmania carried out a survey of public opinion on smoking matters including questions on TFG in 2013. The Public Health Amendment (Tobacco-Free Generation) Bill 2014 is a Private Members Bill devised and developed to implement the motion passed by the Legislative Council in 2012. Tobacco products and anti-smoking legislation are defined and contained within the Public Health Act 1997, thereby ensuring that oversight and enforcement is provided for in one Act under the auspices of the Director of Public Health, who has a wide range of powers. This Bill is just one of many measures undertaken to reduce smoking rates in Tasmania, which are outlined in the Tobacco Action Plan 2011-2015 and the Year 4 Report, available from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) on their website. The Tobacco-Free Generation proposal is incorporated in the Tobacco Action Plan Year 4 Report. • Prevent the sale of tobacco products to persons born since the year 2000, that is, members of the tobacco-free generation. • Prevent the supply of tobacco products by licensed tobacco sellers, or their agents, to members of the tobacco-free generation. • Provide that members of the tobacco-free generation must not give false identification to tobacco sellers and there would be a penalty for doing so.


In recent years, the demand for high-reliability systems has been on the rise, while DC power distribution systems are widely used in data centers. The authors propose a DC power distribution system that uses a triple active bridge (TAB) DC-DC converter, toward the realization of such higher-reliability systems. The TAB converter is based on an isolated DC-DC converter and can control the DC power flow among the three ports. First, this paper presents a basic power flow control procedure of the TAB converter, using a phase-shift control. Further, two types of higher-reliability DC power distribution systems are proposed using the TAB converter. The experimental design and simulations of a prototype 200-V TAB converter with 500-W power, connected with the single and double loads, are reported. In the experiment, the 200-V TAB converter rated at a power of 500 W was constructed from a three-winding transformer and gallium nitride (GaN) power devices. Smooth output waveforms indicate good controllability of the power flow and good functional performance of the proposed DC power distribution system.


The particle electrodes were prepared with different kinds of metal oxides supported on γ-Al2O3 by the method of dipping-roasting. These particle electrodes were used to treat industrial printing and dyeing wastewater by the three-dimensional-electrode processin. And orthogonal test was used to analysis their disposal effect. The results showed that the removal rate of COD Cr and chrominance could respectively reach up to 88. 33% and 99. 41%,at the conditions of calcination time of 6 h,calcination temperature of 550 ℃,impregnating solution of stannic chloride,dosage regimen of 140 g. X-ray diffraction( XRD) and scanning electron microscope( SEM) were applied to characterize the morphologies and microstructures of the particle electrodes. It was showed that the article electrodes had high catalytic activity and stability.


Intravenous pyogenic granuloma (IVPG) is an extremely rare polypoid variant of lobular capillary hemangioma [1]. It was first described in 1979 by Cooper et al. and a most recent review found less than 30 cases reported in literature until now [2-4]. IVPG has been seen in patients from 15 to 66 years of age (average 38 years) and with a slight female predominance [5]. These lesions are commonly thought to arise in upper extremities and in neck and head veins [6,7]. IVPG is a benign intravascular lesion with no potential for haematogenous spread [8]. The proliferation is entirely confined within a vein lumen and a fibrovascular stalk attaches the lesion to the wall of the vein with a nearby small artery thought to provide its blood supply [2]. The surface of the tumor exposed to the vein lumen is covered by an endothelial lining. Typical histological features include lobules of capillaries within an edematous fibromyxoid stroma [3]. Histological appearances are similar to those of a classical pyogenic granuoma, but with absence of inflammatory changes [2]. The treatment of choice is complete local excision and the prognosis is excellent [9]. There are no known associated risk factors and the pathogenesis of the lesion has not been determined [10].


A method and apparatus is disclosed for measuring and/or controlling the level of current in a Sense FET which includes a power transistor (M1) and a sense transistor (M2). The transistors (M1) and (M2) are both biased to operate in a linear mode, and the Vds of the sense transistor (M2) is compared to a predetermined fraction of the Vds of the power transistor (M1). A control signal is generated that is representative of the results of the comparison, and, in one embodiment, that control signal is used in a feedback arrangement to drive the Vds of the sense transistor (M2) to the predeter mined fraction of the Vds of the power transistor (M1). Consequently, the level of current carried by the sense transistor (M2) is caused to be equal to the same prede termined fraction of the current carried by the power transistor (M1).


This paper criticizes the standard view that the legitimacy of a political institution rests on the private convictions of its clients. It shows that these problems derive from a more basic difficulty with the conception of political order upon which the standard idea of legitimacy rests. A revised conception of legitimacy is constructed in which legitimacy becomes a direct property of institutions rather than of individuals. In the process, it is also shown how one might account for important political features of institutionally-relevant behavior without resorting to imputed psychological states.


We discussed stochastic properties of the spatial auto-correlation (SPAC) coefficients for microtremor data which are observed simultaneously at two sites. Usually, the SPAC method can provide the phase velocities using the data observed simultaneously on circular array with four or seven sites. The method, however, suggests analytically the possibility that we can estimate the phase velocities using only the data observed simul- taneously at two sites. To clarify the limitation of this idea, some mathematical analyses are performed and stochastic properties of the SPAC coefficients are derived. Furthermore, some real data of microtremors are applied to the above analytical results and the validity is discussed.


A dermal composition for treating or soothing psoriasis lesions, wherein the composition comprises a tar extract, a corticosteroid, an antipruritic, an antibiotic, urea, an absorption base, water, lanolin, and propylene glycol.


Abstract : This regulation provides policy and guidance for incorporation of Corps water quality and water control management responsibilities and considerations into the review of preliminary permit and license applications, operating agreements and other official contacts concerning non-federal hydropower development either at or affecting US Army Corps of Engineers water resource projects.


It is a commonplace that the internet has led to a globalisation of informatics and that this has had beneficial effects in terms of standards and interoperability. However this necessary harmonisation has also led to a growing understanding that this positive trend has an in-built assumption that "one size fits all". The paper explores the importance of local and national research in addressing global issues and the appropriateness of local solutions and applications. It concludes that federal and collegial solutions are to be preferred to imperial solutions.


--- Introduction: In the actuality there are doubts about if the cranio-cervical posture determinates the cranio-mandibular growth. Objectives: The present study have as objectives to determinate the prevalence of cranio-cervical posture alterations y patients with class II skeletal relation. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, transversal study was realized. Lateral strict cephalometric radiographies of subjects with class II skeletal relation of both genders between 18 to 30 years old from Peru Air Force Central Hospital were analyzed. 100 radiographies from the archive of patients from 2008 to 2014 were selected. To analyze the radiographies, cephalometric exams were realized. Results: It was found that the prevalence of cranio-cervical posture alteration on patients with class II skeletal relation is 96%; It was realized a chisquared test and it was determinated that there is no significative difference between the gender and the cranio-cervical posture alteration (p>0,01). Conclusions: There is a predominance of cranio-cervical posture alteration in patients with class II skeletal relation. It is recommended to realize an analytic study in order to correlate cranio-cervical posture alteration with other skeletal relations. Keywords: alteration, cranio-cervical, cephalometry, posture


The utility model discloses a core aligning device for a fusion splicer, which comprises a base and a plurality of V-shaped slotwares, the base and the plurality of V-shaped slotwares are formed respectively, and the V-shaped slotwares are assembled and fixedly connected with the base. Compared with the traditional integral core aligning device for the fusion splicer, in the utility model, the core aligning device which has complex structure and high accuracy requirements is reasonably dismantled to obtain the base and the plurality of V-shaped slotwares so that the shape of the parts is simplified, then the base and the plurality of V-shaped slotwares are respectively formed so as to achieve the purpose of convenience in die machining and manufacturing and in parts forming, then the V-shaped slotwares are assembled and fixedly connected with the base, and after the assembling is completed, a V-shaped slot is arranged at the top of each of the V-shaped slotwares so as to ensure the accuracy of the core aligning device. With the adoption of the core aligning device, the manufacture cost of the die and the parts forming cost are reduced, the long-standing problem of accuracy of die manufacturing and parts forming in the field is solved, and the core aligning device has a good application prospect.


However, existing text-based methods face challenges in producing valid and reliable time-series data. This article proposes a scaling algorithm called WORDFISH to estimate policy positions based on word frequencies in texts. The technique allows researchers to locate parties in one or multiple elections. We demonstrate the algorithm by estimating the positions of German political parties from 1990 to 2005 using word frequencies in party manifestos. The extracted positions reflect changes in the party system more accurately than existing time-series estimates. In addition, the method allows researchers to examine which words are important for placing parties on the left and on the right. We find that words with strong political connotations are the best discriminators between parties. Finally, a series of robustness checks demonstrate that the estimated positions are insensitive to distributional assumptions and document selection.


The eruptive history of the Shatsky Rise, a large oceanic plateau in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean, is poorly understood. Although it has been concluded that the Shatsky Rise volcanic edifi ces erupted rapidly, there are few solid chronological data to support this conclusion. Similarly, the Shatsky Rise is thought to have formed near the equator, but paleolatitude data from the plateau are few, making it diffi cult to assess its plate tectonic drift with time. To understand the formation history of this oceanic plateau, paleomagnetic measurements were conducted on a total of 362 basaltic lava samples cored from the Shatsky Rise at 4 sites (U1346, U1347, U1349, and U1350) during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324. Examining *Now at Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com. email@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com (Ooga); firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com Sager, W.W., Pueringer, M., Carvallo, C., Ooga, M., Housen, B., and Tominaga, M., 2015, Paleomagnetism of igneous rocks from the Shatsky Rise: Implications for paleolatitude and oceanic plateau volcanism, in Neal, C.R., Sager, W.W., Sano, T., and Erba, E., eds., The Origin, Evolution, and Environmental Impact of Oceanic Large Igneous Provinces: Geological Society of America Special Paper 511, p. 147–171, doi:10.1130/2015.2511(08). For permission to copy, contact firstname.lastname@example.com. © 2015 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. on April 20, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from


Whenever obstruction and perforation are suspected, barium sulfate has been used reluctantly in examining the stomach and small bowel. For this reason, water-soluble aqueous contrast media, particularly Hypaque, have been advocated (1, 2, 10). In our hands, however, Hypaque results in far less information for evaluating obstructions and perforations than does barium sulfate. In their recent experimental studies of obstruction of the small bowel, Nelson, Christoforidis, and Roenigk (9) showed the superiority of barium sulfate for the examination of upper gastrointestinal obstructions. The main drawback of soluble aqueous contrast media is their hypertonicity. For investigation of the esophagus, Hypaque is adequate. In the small bowel, and to a lesser extent in the stomach, however, its hypertonicity draws large quantities of fluid into the lumen. The contrast medium is thereby diluted (Fig. 1), its opacity reduced, and its adherence to the mucosa decreased. The hypovolemia accompanying such a shift of flui...


The content of organic acid was studied with the addition of CaCO3,urea,corn seeds,bran,Max200(silage fermentation probiotics),MixⅡ(mineral salt carrier+ probiotics mixture+ GXC) of corn silage(with ear) and corn silage(without ear).The results showed that Max200 group and MixⅡgroup could significantly increase the lactic acid content at the silage time of 1 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d(P0.01).At 21 d,the ratio of lactic acid acetic acid of corn silage(without ear) in the treatments of bran,urea,CaCO3,Max200 and MixⅡwere 1.53,2.25,1.98,2.54,3.11,1.33 and of corn silage(with ear) were 1.93,2.36,1.60,3.74,3.64,2.13,MixⅡgroup and Max200 group were significantly higher than the other treatments.Butyric acids were detected only in a few samples at the silage time of 14 d and 21 d.


Indonesia as a developing country, especially in the world of road construction, is marked by the smooth flow of traffic. Of the various types of road construction, flexible pavement is the most chosen because of its characteristics: easy, fast, and efficient. However, flexible pavement has many disadvantages, such as early damage to the road surface after some time has passed by traffic so the road cannot reach the planned age. For this reason, a research was carried out to add hot asphalt mixture which aims to improve the quality of the mixture, the selected material is natural water hyacinth. The method used is trial and error with reference SNI 03-1737-1989. Variations used were 3%, 5%, and 7% of asphalt weight, the level of asphalt used was 4.48%. Of the 3 variations of the mixture used in Type I Asphalt Concrete Layer, the results obtained that the water hyacinth fiber content that has the best score and meet the specifications of SNI 03-1737-1989 is the percentage of 7% obtained. from the calculation data using graphs and regression models where Marshall Stability is 889.73 Kg, VFWA (voids filled with asphalt) are equal to 65.97%, VIM (voids in mixtures) are equal to 1.757%, VMA (voids in mineral aggregates ) is equal to 20.30%, density 2.420 gr / cc, Flow 3.37 mm, and Marshall Quotient of 265.80 Kg / mm. Keywords : flexible pavement, water hyacinth fiber, Marshall test .


The reasons of overproot total hydrocarbon contnet in oil chromatographic anal-ysis of main transformer are analyzed based on chromatographic analysis and DC resis-tance test.The treating and preventive measures are presented.


Aerodynamically shaped, tethered balloons, commonly referred to as aerostats, provide high-endurance and cost-effective platforms for many airborne early warning applications. This chapter describes modern aerostats and support systems, their advantages and problems, and the radar sensors used on board.


A novel approach, recently proposed to describe exciton–phonon coupling in Frenkel states of an infinite molecular crystal, is generalized to incorporate charge‐transfer (CT) excitons. Both types of electronic excitations are treated on the same footing. The corresponding Hamiltonian in the Lang–Firsov representation is subdivided into subspaces representing one‐particle, two‐particle, etc., excitations, and (after truncating the basis set to manageable size) numerically diagonalized to yield the absorption as well as the electroabsorption (EA) spectrum. The emphasis is on the latter, previously reproduced only in the limiting cases of weak or strong vibronic coupling. The calculations are presented for the sexithiophene crystal, with parameterization based on independent experimental and theoretical estimates.


The economic assessment of the hay production efficiency from annual bluegrass-legume mixtures is conducted, their production profitability in the Krasnoyarsk Territory forest-steppe conditions is revealed. The most profitable is a multi-component mixture of peas + barley + oats with the component ratio 20:50:30.


Introduction/Hypothesis: Insulin resistance (IR) and heart failure (HF) are closely interconnected - IR is a risk factor for HF and can develop as a consequence of chronic HF. Dysregulation of the ...


The invention relates to a method for operating a catalyst (12) that is disposed in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (1). The composition of the exhaust gas is influenced upstream of the catalyst (12) by adding a reducing agent that promotes the regeneration of the catalyst (12). The composition of the exhaust gas is detected by means of a exhaust gas sensor (14) that is disposed downstream of the catalyst (12). A time delay between the start of the influencing action on the composition of the exhaust gas upstream of the catalyst (12) and the detection of a change in composition downstream of the catalyst (12) is evaluated. In order to safely and reliably determine when the regeneration phase (23, 33) of the catalyst (12) is ended, the gradient of a starting signal (31) of the exhaust gas sensor (14) is evaluated.


The export of wood pellets from southeastern United States to the European Union is continuously increasing. It is quite likely that the area under forest cover will increase to meet the rising demand for wood pellets at the expense of other competitive land uses in southeastern states. This research analyzes the impact of an increase in forest area on the hydrology of a local watershed located in the Northeastern Oconee River Basin in Piedmont Georgia. Using spatial modeling, suitable sites for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) production were determined. The results of suitability analysis were merged with historical records of land use change to project an increase in area under loblolly pine for 2016, 2021, and 2026. Then, a hydrological model (SWAT) was used to predict any changes in water discharges till 2028 for 14 scenarios in the presence of evolving land use changes. Results suggest that changes in land use in conjunction with variable climatic conditions could decrease or increase streamflow by up to 29% and 31% and evapotranspiration by up to 3% and 4%, respectively. Results of this study improve our understanding of sustainability of wood pellet production in southeastern states. INDEX WORDS: Wood Pellets, Land Use Change, Suitability Analysis, Watershed Hydrology, Sustainability IMPACT OF WOOD PELLET PRODUCTION ON WATER AVAILABILITY: A CASE STUDY FROM NORTHEAST OCONEE RIVER BASIN IN GEORGIA


This chapter explores the connections between dystopian science fiction and gothic fiction. It links science fiction to a tradition of European utopian and surrealist writing, situating the genre equally within discourses of science and the gothic. This perspective, the chapter argues, was perhaps more possible from the vantage point of 1973 than it would have been for earlier critics: the scientific romance tradition was rooted in a Victorian culture that believed in empire, technology, and progress, even if it was not always convinced by their contemporary instantiations. The dramatic shifts in British culture during the Blitz and in the immediate post-war period looked back on such optimism with a rather jaundiced eye: British global hegemony was distinctly at an end. It is little wonder, then, that the speculative fictions of this period turned toward darker tones of dystopia and the gothic.


Objective to evaluate the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),and to investigate the cytokine production of T helper cell(T H)1,T H2 subsets in patients with endometriosis.Methods The levels of IL-6 in sera and peritoneal fluid(PF) of 22 endometriotic patients and 10 normal women were determined by RIA.The IFN-γ levels of those were determined by ELISA.Results Contents of IL-6 in EM patients were elevated both in sera and PF[(207.32±72.35)pg/ml and (215.77±58.39)pg/ml,respectively].The levels of IFN-γ in PF in EM group were higher than those in normal contrast group(P0.05),but there were no significant difference between the levels of IFN-γ in sera in EM group and in normal contrast group.Conclusion Changes of IFN-γ and IL-6 contents in EM qatients may reflect functional imbalance between T H1 and T H2 cells,which may play a role in the pathogenesis of EM.


Social isolation resulting from sensory loss tends to reduce life satisfaction in older adults. Residence in a long-term care facility such as a nursing home does little to alleviate their communication needs. Potenial communication partners are available (e.g. other residents, family and friends, nursing staff, volunteers, health-care workers), but many need instruction, counselling and feedback to become therapeutically effective. The speech pathologist's experience as both communication therapist and social facilitator can enhance consultation and staff training in this area.


This thesis describes heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) frequency multipliers for millimetre and sub-millimetre wave applications. The basic principles of HBVs are explained. Starting from basic varactor theory, an equivalent circuit model for HBVs is presented. The elements of the circuit model are explained and the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics are investigated. Special attention is paid to the series resistance, which is an important limiting factor for the conversion efficiency of HBV frequency multipliers. HBVs can be fabricated from various material systems. An overview of the heterostructures suitable for HBVs is presented, with special emphasis on GaAs/AlGaAs on GaAs and InGaAs/InAlAs on InP which are the most common HBV material systems. The fabrication processes for planar, whisker contacted and pillar geometry HBVs are described. A process where whisker contacted HBVs are fabricated on a copper substrate is presented in detail. By replacing the substrate with copper, the thermal properties of the HBVs are improved drastically. Self-heating reduces the conversion efficiency of HBV frequency multipliers. Therefore, it is important to reduce the thermal resistance of HBVs. Improved diode geometries and thermal models are presented. An advantage with HBVs is the possibility to tailor the device for different applications in terms of input frequency, input power level and multiplication factor. Material design considerations are discussed. HBV frequency multipliers are described, with emphasis on the influence of the capacitance-voltage characteristic on the conversion efficiency. Optimum impedances and losses caused by conduction current are investigated. An overview of HBV frequency multiplier topologies is presented, focusing on waveguide frequency triplers. Frequency multiplier measurements at room temperature and cooled temperatures are described. The final section presents a design example, where optimum impedances for a 500-GHz HBV quintupler are investigated with harmonic balance calculations.


Objective To evaluate the identification methods for Trema rientalis(L.) BL.Methods The plant was identified by morphological and histological identification,microscopic identification,physical and chemical identification methods.Results Besides the similar structure of the perennial herbaceous dicotyledon,there were a lot of fibers and calcium oxalate crystals in the plant.Conclusion The method was reliable and could be used as in the quality standard of Trema orientalis.(L.) BL.


Sepsis refers to multiple organ dysfunction caused by the host ' s dysfunctional response to infection. Most importantly, myocardial injury in septic patients, that is, septic cardiomyopathy (SIC), accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total number of hospital deaths. The pathogenesis of SIC remains largely unclear, for which in-depth exploration is of great signi fi cance to improve the clinical prognosis of this patient population


This article expounds the great significance to improve the work of fostering undergraduates into the communists as well as the existing problems and improving methods.


This paper examines whether monetary policy has similar effects across Brazilian States. Our impulse response functions from state-level estimated structural vector autoregression (SVAR) reveal asymmetries in output responses to a monetary policy shock. We further investigate the reasons for the measured cross-state differential policy responses. The evidence suggests that the size of a state's response is related to economy's industry-mix variables, to the openness degree and to the state's credit volume providing evidence of an interest rate and credit-channels for monetary policy. The results also present some support to for demographic and labor markets channels theories. The results offer some words of caution for the monetary policy management in Brazil. Policy actions that fail to acknowledge the state-level socio-economic diversity may yield undesirable results and may increase regional disparities within the country.


The legalist' s theory is crystallization of ancie nt Chinese reformers ,thinkers ,politicians' wisdom and is our excellent culture heritag e and precious mental treasure.The a rtide analyzes on three aspects o f Anti-"rule by men,combating privilege and Anti-"abandon priciple of l egality fr pers onal benefit.Discussing on progressive significance of legali st' s theory and value for reference of re alizing rule of law,perfecting socia list' s legal system ,constructing socialist' s country according to law.


The invention discloses a snake moxibustion box for shoulders, neck and limbs, and relates to the technical field of medical apparatuses and instruments. The snake moxibustion box for shoulders, neck and limbs comprises a bottom body without the bottom surface; the box body is equipped with a pair of opposite side surfaces with arc-shaped bottom ends; an arc-shaped surface metal screen which has the same radian as the arc-shaped bottom end is arranged from the inner lower part of the box body to the side edge of the arc-shaped bottom end; the metal screen and the inner wall of the box body, above the metal screen encircles a combustion chamber; a cover is arranged on the top end of the box body; stainless steel lining boards are arranged on the inner sidewall of the combustion chamber and the bottom surface of the cover; a box body ventilating hole which passes through the combustion chamber is formed in the side surface of the box body; a cover ventilating hole is formed in the cover. With the adoption of the snake moxibustion box for shoulders, neck and limbs, the problem that the moxibustion part is not matched with the parts with irregular appearance during performing moxa-moxibustion, such as, head, neck, hands, feet and projection, which leads to unstable positioning or difficult fixing and that the moxibustion part is inaccurate or non-uniform to heat, and as a result, the treatment effect is influenced, can be solved.


In the context of worsening imbalance in the regional development, the study of operating effi ciency of the State Fund for Regional Development ( SFRD), as the priority facility for fi nancial equalization of development of the country's administrative-territorial units, is of prime importance and relevance now. Th e paper summarizes the theoretical foundations and investigates the practical issues of the SFRD to identify the main problematic aspects of the Fund's facility for fi nancing regional development and improvement of approaches to increasing the innovative and investment potential of the country's territorial units. It is found that the insignifi cant social and economic progress of the majority of administrative-territorial units and extension of the divergent trends of regional development are mainly due to the lack of fi nancial resources of the Fund. Minor reasons include underfi nancing of the operating activity of the State Fund for Regional Development against the legally provided volumes, an ineff ective scheme for allocating the Fund's resources among regions of the country, low development of fi nancial resources by individual regions, the insignifi cant share of quality projects in their total number, retention of the subjective nature related to the selection and approval of the projects. It is established that most of the projects, which have got the Fund fi nancing, are socially-directed are targeted generally at current problems of the administrative-territorial units, without thus ensuring the economic growth of the regions. It is emphasized that the Fund provides fi nancing for individual facilities, rather than sectors. Th is considerably limits overall regional development. It is proposed to increase the innovative and investment potential of the country's territorial units by increasing the effi ciency of the SFRD's fi nancing the regional development projects and, which is of primary importance, the introduction of regional development funds at the subnational level. Th e need to encourage a local initiative to attract endogenous resources and develop public-private partnership as prerequisites for the formation of a fi nancial base for regional development funds at the subnational level is highlighted.