Objective To investigate the expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3( STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods The expressions of STAT3 and VEGF were examined in 50 poorly differentiated NPC specimens and 20 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues by immunohistochemical staining( SP method). Results No STAT3 and VEGF expressions were observed in the 20 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. The positive rates of STAT3 and VEGF expressions were 86%( 43 /50) and 78%( 39 /50) in NPC tissues,respectively. Unlike among various ages and between genders,the differences in the expressions of both the STAT3 and VEGF were statistically significant among various clinical stages and among metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes( P 0. 05). There was a positive relationship between the expressions of STAT3 and VEGF in NPC tissues( rs= 0. 638,P 0. 001). Conclusion There is a positive relationship between STAT3 and VEGF in NPC tissues. Co-overexpression of STAT3 and VEGF may play an important role in carcinogenesis,development,invasion and metastasis of NPC. The curative effect of chemoradiotherapy on patients with NPC may be raised if STAT3 inhibitor and anti-blood vessel treatment is co-used.


The research ability of the students from normal universities refers to their ability in topic selection,literature collection,hypothesis,design,experiment operation,data processing,and report writing.The curriculum reform of fundamental education requires graduates be qualified with strong research capabilities.However,the survey found that students from normal universities are not fully qualified to do research.The main reason lies in the following aspects:misconceptions can not be completely clarified in a short term;the rigid curriculum cannot be adjusted to the current teaching immediately;the teacher's teaching level still needs further improvement;the academic environment hasn't been established.Therefore,misconceptions should be corrected;academic curriculum should be optimized;teachers' teaching level is supposed to be enhanced;a strong atmosphere of study is expected to be formed;Finally,the purpose of enhancing the research ability of students from normal universities can be bettered.


A degradation method of ethylene dichloride is provided to suppress the generation of caulk by reducing the load of a pyrolysis reactor, and to increase the conversion ratio of an ethylene dichloride without an additional heat source. A degradation method of ethylene dichloride is to convert the ethylene dichloride into a vinyl chloride monomer by heat-degrading the ethylene dichloride by using ethylene dichloride degradation equipment containing a pyrolysis reactor. The degradation method comprises the steps of performing catalytic reaction of the product generated through the pyrolysis reactor by installing a catalyst reactor; and activating the inactivated catalyst by removing ethylene dichloride absorbed on the surface of the catalyst by purging nitrogen to the inactivated catalyst.


The development of privacy right in China has not been active and not been recognized by the society either because of the influence of traditional customs or because of Confucius culture.At present,construction of employers' privacy right protection system is totally blank,which needs to be perfected and improved.The paper gives a detailed description of employers' privacy right from many perspectives,and the author has put forward four ways to regulate the right.


• Basic Principle : Burst Detection Driven by the economic pressure, the manufactures are steadily up scaling their wind turbines. In a quest for cost reduction and lower environmental impact, rotor diameters can be considered as one of the key parameters. One example is the B75 blade made by Siemens with an astonishing 75m total length. But with increasing size of turbine blades comes the need for a more sophisticated load control. Modern Pitch Control Systems with a built-in intelligence make it possible to control the pitch of each blade independently. The so called Individual Pitch Controls (IPC) is quite effective in reducing the fatigue loads but goes hand in hand with a higher stress on the bearings. According to the exemplary report on a collaborative research project "Load reducing control systems for multi-megawatt wind turbines in the offshore sector" the Fraunhofer IWES et al. comes to the conclusion that the bearings of pitch systems undergo a significant increase in fatigue damage which makes a permanent IPC not practical.[1,3]. Design modification modification of bearings on the one hand and highly sophisticated condition monitoring systems on the other hand could contribute the solution to this challenge. However, conventional condition monitoring systems have their limitations when it comes to the monitoring oscillating bearings. One potential tool for the monitoring of pitch bearings is Acoustic Emission Technology. The high bandwidth and high data sampling rate of modern Acoustic Emission Systems offer the measured information that is needed to estimate the damage during small angular rotation. At the same time this creates huge amounts of data that has to be recorded and processed. In the paper, it will be outlined which burst detection algorithms has been chosen and how the interaction of state-of-the-art hardware with implemented data reduction methods could make Acoustic Emission a tool for condition monitoring of pitch bearings. Abstract Acoustic Emission as a Tool for Condition Monitoring of Oscillating Pitch Bearings Boos, Domenic; Röllinger, Dennis; Hilbert, Marc; Vraetz, Tobias; Baltes, Ralph; Nienhaus, Karl; Institute for Mining and Metallurgical Machinery PO. ID A004


The article is devoted to the issue related to the development of special physical qualities of young boxers on the basis of imitation modeling. Simulation modeling in sports is currently an actual tool for planning sports training for young boxers.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the plaque-inhibiting effects of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil or coconut oil using 4- day plaque regrowth study model.

METHODS
This clinical observer-masked, randomized, cross-over designed study involved 24 participants. The participants received professional prophylaxis in the preparatory period and after that, subjects started to use the allocated mouthrinse (coconut oil or sesame oil). On day 5 periodontal clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), stain index (SI), bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Subjects underwent a 14-day wash out period and then used the other mouthrinse for four days.

RESULTS
Oil pulling therapy with coconut oil or sesame oil exhibited similar plaque regrowth inhibition (PI=1.60± 0.28 and 1.49± 0.22, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil respectively.) and tooth staining (SI= 0.20± 0.11 and 0.21± 0.09, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil respectively.) In addition, GI and BOP was similar in both groups. (GI=0.61±0.19 and 0.69± 0.16; BOP=0.09±0.24 and 0.03±0.03 for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil respectively) CONCLUSIONS: Oil pulling therapy with coconut or sesame oil showed similar results in terms of plaque regrowth inhibition and tooth staining. According to the present results, both coconut oil and sesame oil can be used for oil pulling therapy with the aim of plaque regrowth inhibition.


Introduction: Treatment planning for patients with congenitally missing upper lateral incisors remains a controversial topic. Former scientific studies have evidenced that space closure with canine substitution leads to healthier periodontal conditions and to greater patient satisfaction in the long run. The aim of the article is to show that comparable long-term results can also be achieved with orthodontic space opening and implant substitution, even in situations with previous suboptimal periodontal conditions. Methods: Three exemplary patients and recent scientific studies are presented to corroborate this paradigm shift. Results: Adequate orthodontic space opening with subsequent meticulous surgical reconstruction of the hard- and soft-tissues prior to a slightly more palatal implant placement, and utilizing tooth-colored abutments and all-ceramic crowns could achieve esthetic and periodontally stable results. Conclusion: Today there is evidence that predictable and excellent long-term results cannot only be achieved by orthodontic mesialization of the canine, but also by parallel and sufficient space opening and subsequent correct implant placement, if the latest surgical techniques and newest materials are implemented.


Currently, the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) is silent on multiprocessor issues It attempts not to preclude multiprocessor implementations but provides no direct support. This paper discusses the issues that need to be addressed if the RTSJ is to be better defined for execution on a multiprocessor system. It proposes new dispatching and allocation models. Issues of cost enforcement, interrupts affinity and processor failure are covered.


This contribution treats some of the basic problems related to the origins of social complexity in ancient Peru and to such crucial definitions as domestication and sedentism. The necessity of including the concept of simplicity in discussions of complexity is stressed, as well as that of discerning the relevance and interrelation between simple and complex institutions. Further, the corresponding chronology of Peru also is in need of standardization and more precise definitions. Lastly, the papers included in this volume are discussed briefly.


The study investigates the efficacy of exchange rate reform on the economy of Nigeria with annual time series data from 1986 to 2013. There are mixed and conflicting conclusions indicating that the effect of exchange rate reforms on economic growth has not yet been resolved. Thus, there is the need to further examine the efficacy of exchange rate on economic growth of Nigeria. The present study improves on the previous ones by restricting the data to the period stated. Based on the theoretical issues discussed and the literature surveyed the model is built around the augmented Solow growth model whose operational framework is the Lobb-Douglas production function. Econometric evidence reveals stationarity of the variables at their first differences while the Johansen co-integration approach also confirms the presences of one co-integrating relationship at one percent and five percent levels of significance. The study further showed that exchange rate reforms have shown to have very high explanatory influence on Nigerian economy, which indicates that exchange rate reform is a veritable tool for enhancing and sustaining good economic growth of Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusions, the study recommend that effective exchange rate devoid of speculation should continue to form part of the exchange rate policies in Nigeria and also effective implementation carried out by the monetary authorities through the central  bank of Nigeria to maintain balanced exchange rate policy to enhance and sustain economic growth of the country.


The neurocognitive model of antidepressant treatment action states that antidepressants work by producing relatively immediate positive shifts in emotional processing, which translate into clinical improvement with time. Short-term or even acute doses of antidepressants can, for example, increase memory for positive self-referent words or decrease amygdala activation to fearful faces, and these early changes correlate with later clinical improvement. However, there are a number of ways in which the model needs further probing. The aim of this thesis was to test the neurocognitive model by: 1) investigating whether changes in emotional processing occur in an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action, St John's wort, as the model predicts; and 2) examining whether there is a comparable pattern of neuropsychological changes to citalopram in a population of high neurotic volunteers, whose baseline emotional biases may make them a more ideal group in which to study drug effects. We found that seven days of St John's wort produced similar changes to other antidepressants, for example reducing recognition of disgusted faces and attention to fearful faces while increasing memory for positive words. The drug did not affect other aspects of cognition including working memory and reward learning. These findings support the theory that early psychological changes are a common feature of all antidepressants. On the other hand, four weeks of citalopram treatment produced apparently contradictory effects in high neurotics, increasing memory for positive words but also increasing recognition of negative facial expressions. Neuroimaging data showed that high neurotics had greater response to neutral faces in emotional processing areas compared to low neurotics, which was reduced with citalopram. High neurotics also showed increased resting state connectivity in default mode network areas and between amygdala and cortical areas, which was again reduced with citalopram. We suggest that in this group citalopram corrects general negative emotional processing biases, but also works to decrease a natural aversion to particularly threatening socially-relevant stimuli. Overall this thesis supports the idea that early changes in emotional processing are vital for antidepressant action, but also suggests that in certain groups such as high neurotics, some changes may be more nuanced than previously reported and warrant further scrutiny.


The invention provides compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomeric forms, diastereoisomers and racemates, the preparation of the above compounds, agents and their preparation containing them, and the use of the above compounds in the control or prevention of illnesses such as cancer.


The grid-based clustering algorithm is an efficient clustering algorithm, but its effect is seriously influenced by the size of the predefined grids and the threshold of the significant cells. The data space will be partitioned into a finite number of cells to form a grid system and then performs all clustering operations on this obtained grid system. A critical problem needed to be noticed here, no one knows the distribution of the clustering data in each dimension. So, a method to reduce the influence of the size of predefined cells and the density threshold of significant cells is a must. To cluster efficiently and simultaneously, to reduce the influences of the size of the cells and inherits the advantage with the low time complexity, we propose "A Crossover-Imaged Clustering Algorithm with Bottom-up Tree Architecture" in this dissertation.
The data space is separating into cells which are organized the first grid system, and the data space is transformed into the new grid system. The chosen density threshold and some predefined cells are utilized to identify the significant cells and semi-significant cells. With our clustering algorithms, the size of significant cell and its density threshold are easy to select to group the significant cells into ideal clusters. Next, the data cells are shifted to define the new grid system. Then the semi-significant cells are selected to group the significant cells and other semi-significant cells to be clusters. Then, we build the bottom-up tree architecture with four levels, root (set of clusters), combination (semi-significant cells), connection (pre-clusters), leaf nodes (significant cells), and define the semi-significant cells to group the clusters. Finally we will verify by experiment that the results of our proposed algorithms can reduce the influence of the size of predefined cells and the density threshold of significant cells. And the proposed algorithms still inherit the advantage with the low time complexity and require at most one single scan through the data and one cell clustering.


Joint estimation of RFID-tag position and gain is proposed for RFID-assisted surgery support system. Although various RFID-tag positioning schemes have been proposed, gain variations in RFID-tag could affect the accuracy in the positioning. This paper uses a non-linear optimization method to estimate the gain and position of RFID-tag simultaneously. Computer simulation result shows that the proposed scheme is capable of estimating the tag position accurately.


It is possible to divine a speaker's age, gender and emotion through his pitch independently of what he is saying. However, the same words can lead to different meanings with variations intonation. Meanwhile, precise pitch estimation is more or less difficult because tracked pitch contours are not perfectly smooth curves. In this paper, we introduce a new post-processing algorithm for the tracking of pitch contours. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method using the Keele university database. Experimental results indicate that the gross pitch errors rate (GPE) is lower than comparative methods.


PVDF is a kind of gauges used to measure pressure, velocity, and acceleration. The principle of PVDF gauge is systematically described in the paper. Split Hop-
kinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to have the dynamic calibration of customized PVDF gauges. It showed that the dynamic frequency response of PVDF gauges were high enough for impact loading and noise signal was smaller compared with the signal from resistance strain gauges. We are used to PVDF gauges to measure the propagation and attenuation of stress wave under impact loading to different assembled layers with different materials by 37 mm caliber gas gun, including water, aluminum foam, granite and steel fiber reinforced concrete. The experiments show that aluminum foam is a good material for energy absorption and water is a nice material to unload when it overflowed under dynamic loading. We conclude that PVDF gauges are suitable for dynamic stress wave measurement for its small size, high dynamic frequency response and wide linear pressure measurement.


The manuscript, "Slit-2/Robo-1 Modulates the CXCL12/ CXCR4-induced Chemotaxis of T cells" was selected as a Pivotal Advance because it is the first to propose a molecular mechanism via which a Slit /Robo (Roundabout receptor) complex inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis. Specifically, in this manuscript, Dr. Ganju and colleagues demonstrate that the Slit/Robo complex inhibits Akt phosphorylation and Rac activation that result from the interaction of the chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) with its seven-transmembrane receptor, CXCR4. The Slit ligands and Robo receptors, originally identified as modulators of neuronal migration, have more recently been characterized as inhibitors of specific chemokine-mediated inflammatory responses [1].


Summary The Sl/Sld mouse has been shown to have anemia and reduced megakaryocytes, but neutrophil levels in blood and marrow have not been studied previously to our knowledge. It proved to be neutropenic with reduced neutrophils and neutrophil precursors in marrow. The concentration of marrow cells forming granulocytic colonies in semisolid media was normal in young mice, but the total number per humerus was reduced. In vitro growth appeared normal in both semisolid and liquid culture, and peritoneal cells produced colony-stimulating activity normally. These results are compatible with previous studies indicating the Sl/Sld defect lies in the hematopoietic microenvironment rather than being a primary cellular defect, and suggest feedout from the pluripotent stem cell compartment may be reduced.


The paper seeks to trace the progress of food cultures in Bengal and the emergence of a culinary Thirdspace with respect to gender and nation formation. Food in middle – class Bengali homes has always been a gendered concept. Edward Soja while propounding the theory of the Thirdspace says that it is a space that is born out of the friction of binaries and grows to offer resistance to the Centre. He cites bell hooks' argument about how the margin can be seen as a space of radical openness. Although Soja being an urban geographer limits the concept to architectural spaces, this paper seeks to explore the idea of Thirdspace with regards to the middle-class Bengali kitchen and the gendering of food that has resulted in the development of a culinary Thirdspace. Food mainly divided into masculine and feminine where the best piece of fish is reserved for the man can further be divided into food for the unmarried, the married and the widowed woman. In such a space however, the Indian man's food was being called 'effeminate' by the British Raj. Hence a change of diet was being recommended for the building of the Indian youth. The paper seeks to trace the friction between these factions and how the Indian man became 'effeminate' while the woman whose diet was thoroughly neglected took upon herself the job of real nation building.


The research objective determines whether the relationship between company size, capital adequacy and profitability on firm value was mediated by ISR at BUS in Indonesia period 2014-2019. The research method is a quantitative approach. The population used by BUS recorded OJK in 2014-2019. The sample used was 36 obtained from purposive sampling. The data analysis technique uses Path Analysis and the Patrial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool. The result of this research is that there is a direct effect on firm size, capital adequacy on firm value and ISR, except that capital adequacy has no effect on ISR, ISR influence on firm value. Indirectly, ISR mediate the influence of firm size, profitability, and not for capital adequacy on firm value


1. Introduction All the cells in an organism carry the same genomic data, yet their protein makeup can be drastically different both temporally and spatially, due to regulation. Protein synthesis is regulated by many mechanisms at its different stages. These include mechanisms for controlling transcription initiation, RNA splicing, mRNA transport, translation initiation, post-translational modifications, and degradation of mRNA/protein. One of the main junctions at which regulation occurs is mRNA transcription. A major role in this machinery is played by proteins themselves, that bind to regulatory regions along the DNA, greatly affecting the transcription of the genes they regulate. DNA microarray is a technique to measure the abundance of thousands of mRNA targets simultaneously. Such experiments collect enormous amounts of data, which clearly reflect many aspects of the underlying biological processes. An important challenge is to develop methodologies that are both statistically sound and computationally tractable for analyzing such data set and inferring biological interactions from them. Most of the analysis tools currently used are based on clustering algorithms. These algorithms attempt to locate groups of genes that have similar expression patterns over a set of experiments. Such analysis has proven to be useful in discovering genes that are co-regulated. A more ambitious goal for analysis is revealing the structure of the transcriptional regulation process. This is a clearly a hard problem. The current data is extremely noisy. Moreover, mRNA expression data alone only gives a partial picture that does not reflect key events such as translation and protein activation. Finally, the amount of samples, even in the largest experiments, does not provide enough information to construct a full detailed model with high statistical significance. Bayesian network is an approach for analyzing gene expression patterns, that uncovers properties of the transcriptional program by examining statistical properties of dependence and conditional independence in the data. These networks represent the dependence structure between multiple interacting quantities (expression levels of different genes). Bayesian networks are mathematically defined strictly in terms of probabilities and conditional independence statements. They can also be used to infer causality.


Phragmytes vallatoria belongs to the family of poaceae. It has so many medicinal properties used mainly for wound healing, arthritis, antimetics, fabrifuges, rheumatism and diabetes. The plant containing polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins (6.6 %) and fibre (40.7 %). The present investigation deals with the GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the Phragmytes vallatoria plant. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract was evaluated by DPPH method. The results indicate that ethanolic extract of Phragmytes vallatoria possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected (IC50 = 735 μg/ML). Seven compounds were identified during GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis reveals that hexadeconic acid ethyl ester (30.88 %) was major component fallowed by 9, 12, 15Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (29.41) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (19.44%). This study reveals that Phragmytes vallatoria plant having attraction sources of fatty acids as well as of effective natural antioxidants.


An experiment is briefly described which we are preparing for the study of heavy Λ hypernuclei, their formation in the (p, K+) reaction, their Λ decay half life and other Λ decay features. The planned recoil shadow measurement of fission fragments is expected to yield the required background discrimination. The experiment uses the unique features of COSY‐Julich.


This paper reports perceived barriers and facilitators of disability-inclusive education, and outcomes of an effective system of inclusive education in the Solomon Islands. Data were gathered from a variety of stakeholder group participants (n = 10) and individual key informants (n = 2), ranging from parents of children with disabilities to government representatives. The results revealed a unique perspective on disability-inclusive education in this context, and provided insight into possible directions towards a more inclusive system.


Right of labor is a basic right provided in the Constitution of the P.R.C.While China is working on reform policies and developing its economy,it is urgent for us to establish the status of migrant workers as the enjoyers of right of labor,which is a prerequisite of protecting the interests of the migrants and ensuring that they share the fruits of reform and development.Further,we should admit that migrants are equal to other workers.Exercising right of labor mainly depends on government in accordance with a system of law.Specifically,we should reconstruct the legal systems of labor right protection on the legislative,law-enforcing and judicial levels so as to correct the "defective" system and more effectively safeguard the labor rights of migrant workers.


The field of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition has advanced in recent years. Most research has used phonemes and words as speech recognition units. In this work, we introduce and develop syllable-based subword modeling for speech recognition and compare it with word-based speech recognition. Our method suggests adding an additional syllable layer between phone and word. The proposed method tested for the Azerbaijani language. The speech database was collected using mobile devices. The suggested method is very effective for agglutinative language structure. Because syllable count is less than word count, our approach reduces the number of out-of-vocabulary words significantly. Experimental results show that our syllable-based speech recognition method reduces the word error rate by 5%. The suggested method can be applied to other agglutinative languages also, especially for Turkic groups of languages. Experiments show that the proposed method can greatly improve the system accuracy, and also outperform commonly used word-based methods.


Discourses on the aims of college education.-Among the presidents of our higher institutions of learning, Dr. Charles Franklin Thwing,2 of Western Reserve University, is one of the most prolific writers. To his already long list of some twenty books on college subjects, he now adds another, The College Gateway. The volume contains fifteen baccalaureate sermons delivered between the years 1903 and 1918. An idea of the contents of the book may be gathered from a selection of chapter headings: "Entering into Life," "Sympathy, the Solution of the Social Problem," "Some Rewards of College Training," "The American College Student and the Universities of the World," "College Life a Prophecy of Life Itself," and "The Effects of the War on College Women." President Thwing is recognized as one of the staunch defenders of the literary college. At a time when critics are predicting the disintegration of this institution, are pointing out the professionalization of a large portion of the student body and the aimlessness and idleness of a good share of the rest, are noting the independent organization of professional departments and the development of independence in some that are not professional, Mr. Thwing pleads the case for the college with undiminished optimism. Whatever be one's attitude toward the contentions of the critics, it requires an idealist of some calibre to claim the following educational values for the average American college training: "The college graduate is trained to reason; to find sound premises; to rise through logical processes from these premises to correct conclusions. He is trained to detect and discard fallacies. He knows that the terms of


Derivatives of 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (ex-TTF) have been synthesized by a new synthetic methodology, viz., direct phosphite-mediated cross-couplings of anthraquinone with 1,3-dithiole-2-thione derivatives. These ex-TTFs bear one, two, or four cyanoethyl-protected thiol groups on the dithiole rings. Deprotection (NaOMe, MeOH, DMF, 20 °C) and trapping of the transient thiolates with electrophiles have afforded the new ex-TTF trimer 19, dimeric cyclophanes 22 and 25, the tetrakis(hydroxyethylthio) derivative 23, and the strained cyclophane 24. Solution redox properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. For compounds 19, 22, and 25 each ex-TTF unit behaves as an independent 2-electron redox system giving rise to a single, quasi-reversible 6-, 4-, and 4-electron wave, respectively. The Eox value for 24 (0 → 2+ wave) is positively shifted by 290 mV compared to that of its precursor 15 due to the short bridge in 24 obstructing the conformational change which accompanies oxi...


Before becoming Dean, I thought I had a special insight: I would like to broaden the public's perception of veterinary medicine, to get media attention focused on the roles veterinarians play, including support for research and agriculture. In early January, when I first attended the annual deans' meeting of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), I found that this is the explicit goal of the deans, and, indeed, of the AAVMC as an organization. Appropriately humbled to discover that my deep insight was old news, I was also happy to see that the profession is widely engaged in increasing our influence. The deans believe that—in our position within the human–animal bond that includes all caretakers and users of domestic animals for research, agriculture, work, and entertainment—we are the most sensitive detectors of emerging infectious diseases and of some vitally important societal changes in the relationship between man and beast. We are therefore frustrated to be omitted from high-profile media coverage and, more importantly, from federal bodies focused on the future of research and management of infectious-disease and bioterrorism threats. But who must do something about this, ''them'' or ''us''?


Correction for 'A QM/MM study of the catalytic mechanism of α-1,4-glucan lyase from the red seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis' by Hao Su et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 54398–54408.


In complex networks,how to quantify the importance of the node is a basic problem.First elaborated some of the existing computational method,then proposed an evaluation method for node importance based on mutual information.This method precisely reveals topology characteristic of the network,reflecting the relative importance of nodes.The experiment on the comparison and the analysis with other methods shows that the evaluation method based on mutual information is simple and effective,it is suitable for evaluating the node importance in large-scale complex networks.


Thermal condition in the rotary kiln,with different structural parameters and operational parameters,has been simulated by CFD software.By doing this,combustion situation,temperature distribution,air velocity and concentration distribution of oxygen and combustible component can be realized from the simulation result.Thus,it can offer some necessary references for improving the design of kiln.


Objective To explore variations in the functions of thyroid of the old patients with mortal disease. [Methods] Determine the variations in the functions of thyroid of 200 inpatients with mortal disease and compare all sorts of cases. [Results] T3 came down significantly. Compared with normalcy, there was very remarlcable difference (P0.01). T4 did come down obviously. Compared with hormalcy, there was a not clear difference (P0.05) but TSH was completely normal, compared with normalcy. There was not remarlcable difference (P0.05). both T3, T4 and TSH had not clear difference between different diseases (P0.05). [Conclusion] T3 of all kinds of old patients who are seriously ill might drop. The possible reaseon is that there is a compensafery protective response of the endocrine system of all kinds of patients with stress response.


Aim: To examine the effects of low-amplitude, low frequency electromagnetic field therapy (EMF) therapy in patients with persistent chronic lower back pain associated with degenerative disc disease. Design: Double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled. Intervention: EMF using a medical device resonator; control group underwent same procedures, except the device was turned off. Outcome measures: Pain reduction and mobility. Results: Improvements in overall physical health, social functioning and reduction in bodily pain were observed in the EMF group. The pain relief rating scale showed a higher level of pain relief at the target area in the EMF group. An increase in left lateral mobility was seen only in the EMF group. Conclusion: EMF treatment may be of benefit to patients with chronic nonresponsive lower back pain associated with degenerative disc disease.


One cannot demarcate accurately a school of spirituality or contrast one school except relatively with others. For they are all views of the same integral truth. all paths running in the same direction. Nevertheless there are schools distinguished by a particular point of view, a particular emphasis, a particular method. This book is an illuminating study of the most important and influential of these schools. They are attached mainly to particular religious orders (Benedictine, Franciscan, Dominican, Carmelite, Jesuit, Salesian,Oratorian) and expounded therefore by eminent French members of the orders concerned. Jesuit spirituality however is termed Ignatian, rightly, because other schools of spirituality have been represented in the Society. And Mgr Francis Vincent who writes on the spirituality of St Francis de Sales does not appear to be himself a Salesian. If the Ignatian spirituality formulated in the Exercises admittedly cannot be equated with Jesuit spirituality, this lack of correspondence between order and spirituality is and must be far truer of the Benedictine order. Indeed Abbot Winandy's study makes it clear that many different approaches to the spiritual life have been represented by Benedictine writers. The fact that Augustine Baker's writings were officially approved by the General Chapter might seem to make him the Doctor Mysticus of the English Congregation and through him affiliated its spirituality to the medieval English spirituality represented by the Cloud of Unknowing and Hilton. But it is doubtful whether this spiritual tradition still enjoys its former pre-eminence. It would perhaps be truer to speak of a Benedictine spirit than a Benedictine spirituality and this, I think, emerges from Abbot Winandy's chapter. In fact the spirituality of orders may fuse. St Therese, though authentically Carmelite in her devotion to St John of the Cross restated the spirituality of St Francis de Sales and, although she does not appear to have known his writings, of the Jesuit de Caussade. The spirituality of the three is trustful adherence to God's will in the outwardly unimportant events and duties of daily life. Her originality was the imaginative garb she gave it with its wide popular appeal. The spirituality of the Oratorian school, adoring adherence to the dispositions of the Incarnate Word in his mysteries, is distinctive not of the Oratory in general but of the French Oratory of the seventeenth century and disciples, particularly M. Olier, outside the Oratory. The Catholic religion and accordingly Catholic spirituality is an ellipse with two foci God Transcendent and God Incarnate, Jesus Christ. Particular individuals and particular schools emphasise one of these poles rather than the other. To-day there seems to be a tendency to


The opening extent is not only an important index to measure economic competence but also an important symbol to embody economic development level. The extent of Chongqing 's economy opening to outside world has obviously been increased under the promotion of reform and opening up. However, the opening extent remains low, and economic competence remains weak. The name of municipality dose not match the position in the west in comparison with developed areas. Thus, the main body position of economic competence must be raised and the opening up must be further enlarged. Market system of improvement of economic competence and greater opening extent must be created. The new strategy of import and export and vitalizing business by science and technology must be implemented to raise the opening extent of Chongqing 's economy.


Monitoring of power distribution networks for the purpose of identifying system faults has become more important due to the continuous demands for reliable and sustainable power supply. Several works are found in literature which focus on optimal placement of sensor units to achieve full monitoring and observability of power grids. In our previous work [1], a data driven approach has been introduced to determine the location of measurement units to achieve a desired fault location detection accuracy. In [1], the location of phasor measurement units (PMUs) has been identified via several feature selection based measures, and the performance of several machine learning based detectors has been evaluated. Simulation results have shown that the mutual information (MI) measure is capable of placing minimum number of PMUs for sufficient grid observability to achieve a desired detection accuracy using a decision tree (DT) based detector. In this work however, a new approach in the form of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based detector is introduced, and its performance is compared to the detectors in [1]. Several benchmark distribution systems are used in this work in order to evaluate the performance of the fault location detectors.


In this research work, devised a methodology for 'crowdsourcing' focused on incorporating these methods to Agile Development in software engineering. The whole SDLC model for crowdsourcing is developed and tried to be integrated with Agile. This is done in order to speed up the process of Agile Development as Agile is a Rapid Application Development (RAD) based software engineering methodology. The 'workers' of the crowdsourcing process are individually assigned the Roles of the Agile methods that function upon the Agile tasks and produce the deliverables. Keywords: Crowdsourcing, Requirement Elicitation, Tasks Hierarchy Diagram, Concurrent Task Model


Prior to the transmission of payload data in any multiple access system, there is generally a need to send control information such as scheduling assignments, transmission parameters and HARQ ackno ...


This diploma thesis deals with the method of mystery shopping focused on the operation of restaurants and work canteens. The theoretical part deals with mystery shopping method, its procedures, assumptions and the use. In analytical section we deal with different points of mystery shopping for our chosen subjects and carried out mystery shopping on these points.


The synthesis and application of a carbonyl-(13)C backbone amide linker are described. The labeled unit is conveniently mixed with commercial resins, providing a rapid means of monitoring chemistry performed with this linker on solid support using conventional (13)C NMR methods.


Within the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics method, we study by an algebraic method the arbitrary l-wave bound states of the Schrodinger equation for the hyperbolical molecular potential by a proper approximation to nonlinear centrifugal term. The explicitly analytical formula of energy levels is derived, and the corresponding bound state wave functions are presented. The function analysis method is used to rederive the same energy levels of the quantum system under consideration to check the validity of this algebraic method. In addition, it is shown from numerical results of energy levels that above certain α parameter depending on the choices of potential parameters V1 and V2 the hyperbolical molecular potential cannot trap a particle as it becomes weaker and the energy level starts to turn positive when the potential parameter α becomes larger. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The trend towards an increase in human life expectancy that emerged in the 21st century poses new challenges for scientists. The main one of these tasks is to improve the quality of life of people who have crossed a certain age limit, and especially women who have entered the menopause period. The purpose of this review is to present the most promising developments of Russian medical science and pharmaceutical industry in ensuring the functional longevity of citizens.


We demonstrated that a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer inserted between a poly(3,4-etylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and Si interface improves the stability of Si-organic hybrid solar cells. Thermal reduction of a graphene oxide layer at different temperatures results in a change of water contact angle that is designed to eliminate the surface oxidation of the Si substrate. Higher temperatures generate a smaller aromatic sp2 domain size that changes the GO surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Additionally, two-dimensional GO layers can serve as a barrier for both liquid and vapor permeation. Consequently, the PEDOT:PSS/Si device with a rGO passivation layer shows a significantly enhanced air-stability from the J–V characteristic under illumination during a one-month storage period. The application of rGO is a promising technique to extend the stability of Si-organic solar cells without an encapsulation process.


The relative intensity noise (RIN) and relaxation oscillation characteristics of distributed-feedback fiber lasers (DFB-FLs) have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effects of Er3+ doping concentration and phase-shift grating parameters such as the coupling coefficient on the RIN and relaxation oscillation characteristics of DFB-FLs are presented by an analytical model. Also, four DFB-FLs with dissimilar coupling coefficients are fabricated and tested to confirm the theoretical results. In addition, the influence of the external environment and the contribution of the pump power fluctuations are analyzed in detail by experiments.


Given a sequence, we consider the maximum number of distinct phrases in any parsing; this definition of complexity is invariant under string reversal. We show that the Lempel-Ziv (1976, 1978) parsings can vary under reversal by a factor on the order of the log of the sequence length. We give two interpretations of maximal parsing, show that they are not equivalent and that one lacks a plausible monotonicity property.


Such a phenomenon as the path-dependence problem occupies a special place in the institutional theory, like a kind of institutional trap which a society or a country has fallen, and inertially continues to follow this path. We very often hear about "Russia's special path", about its peculiarities determined by historical, cultural and geographical peculiarities, but does this path really exist and isn't its "specialty" a trap itself? Or, on the contrary, our path-dependence consists in the fact that, realizing our own characteristics and capabilities, we have not realized our "life plan"? According to one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century – John Bordley Rawls, the feeling of successful implementation of a life plan is happiness, in terms of which Russia ranks 80th after Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus. This article is devoted to finding answers to these questions and identifying those features of our country that distinguish us from other countries, but at the same time do not allow us to realize ourselves to the extent that is potentially possible. The study identifies the main characteristics of the cultural code of our country, which determine both our unique capabilities and factors that lead to a slowdown in potential economic development.


BY THE TIME schools reopen at the end of the summer, all the pieces of the federal education package ought to be wrapped up and ready to be shipped around the country. And, despite the barriers of tradition, profound change is in the air. The recently enacted Goals 2000 legislation sets the framework for the renewal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Head Start reforms will focus on ensuring quality. At the other end of a child's schooling, the School-to-Work Opportunities Act will start to build a system to help manage students' transition out of high school and into the work force. There may even be a few more additions to the package, such as support for educational technology. At the same time, two major reauthorizations are coming up: vocational education and education of the disabled. What educators in the field really want to know about all this federal activity is what's in and what's out with regard to federal policy. But don't rush out and buy a copy of the Federal Register; reading it won't help much this time around. Although it has not been the case with federal policy in the past, this time we're going to be forced to think about the big picture. We're going to have to examine contexts, goals, and accountability, and we're going to have to make connections. This time around, schools, districts, and states will not be lining up to apply for new federal programs; this time around, we'll be facing reform on a grand scale. Certainly each piece of legislation in the federal package has its particular focus, but they are all connected in many ways. And they all require the involvement of a great many stakeholders. Even as the education legislation was rolling through the Congress, some 50 national groups concerned with the welfare of families and children endorsed a set of principles regarding the integration of services at the community level. The coalition asked Congress to build the principles into appropriate legislation, and it will continue to work with the states to develop policies that promote the integration of services. The thrust of the principles is that, when local communities make decisions regarding social services, they should be based on the input of all the agencies -- including schools -- that are concerned with the well-being of children and families. Ultimately, say the principles, communities may need to create new structures that will attempt to improve the ways they use funding. Meanwhile, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Education (ED) have announced that they will be undertaking joint planning for the integration of services. ED has already cooperated with the Department of Labor on a number of initiatives. ALL THESE efforts could have profound effects. They could also turn out to be well-meaning but wrong-headed. The current standard-setting efforts in the various disciplines, for example, may be breaking new ground, but they certainly lack cohesion. And at least one such effort -- in English/language arts -- could not get beyond the level of internal philosophical debates. Still, like the emphasis on a "thinking curriculum" in the strategy to establish national standards, the challenge to educators is to produce "thinking policies" in the months ahead, and the expectations are high. So are the barriers. There are "vanguard" schools and districts everywhere, a National Governors' Association (NGA) study reports. But these exemplary schools have had to overcome considerable difficulties. It is easier to create new policies than to dispense with old ones, and it is easier to mandate than to enable. …


Reliable Data Systems is developing a video-based odometry system that enables trains to measure velocities and distances travelled without the need for trackside infrastructure. A camera is fixed in the cab, taking images of the track immediately ahead, at rates in the range 25–50 frames per second. The images in successive frames are 'unwarped' to provide a plan view of the track and then matched, to produce an 'optical flow' that measures the distance travelled.


The two forms of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var, menziesii and var. glauca, differ quite considerably with regard to the monoterpenes of their leaf oils. Several chemical races, differing quantitatively in certain monoterpenes, appear to exist in each variety and the leaf oil composition seems to be particularly useful in classifying intermediate forms. INTRODUCTION Chemosystematic studies based on terpene analysis have advanced from the qualitative approach, as used by Erdtman' in his pioneer work on the heartwood extractives of conifers, and a semi-quantitative one by Mirov2 with the turpentines of most pine species, to a quantitative method with the development of gas—liquid chromatography (GLC)3. Several groups of workers3'2 have shown that quantitative analysis can lead to useful systematic correlations at the species and sub-species levels. Qualitative differences appear to be significant only in higher taxa. Since one is dealing with volatile compounds precautions in sampling, transportation and storage of the plant material as well as in steam-distillation, recovery and GLC analysis must be taken to ensure reproducible results. The relative amounts of individual terpenes in an oil can be determined with a reproducibility of 0.1 per cent, but this increases to 0.5 to 1 per cent when different columns and instruments are used. Losses owing to volatility, autoxidation and polymerization can increase the error further. To this one must add the inherent biological variability within a given plant sample. Hence, an error of 2 to 5 per cent in the individual values must be accepted, but this is usually well within the variation of one plant or population of plants to another and hence is entirely satisfactory for most quantitative chemosystematic studies. In our chemosystematic studies of North American conifers we have concentrated on the volatile oils of the leaves (or foliage) for several reasons. These oils contain a wide spectrum of monoand sesqui-terpenes and in some cedar species also diterpenes'3. In contrast, the volatile oils of the wood, blister resins or bark2' 9. 10, 14 are composed mainly of monoterpene t Part II of the series 'Chemosystematic Studies in the genus Pseudotsuga.'


The underwater image quality is usually damaged due to the selective absorption of sea water and the scattering effect of particles, which leads to image distortion and will reduces the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent vision tasks. To solve the above problems, an underwater single image enhancement method based on latent low-rank decomposition and image fusion is proposed. First, a color correction method based on channel compensation is introduced to remove color cast. Second, an improved Laplace sharpening method and a gamma correction technology are applied to effectively improve the sharpness and contrast of the image. Then, the latent low-rank representation is utilized to decompose the obtained image. Finally, a dual-image weighted image fusion strategy is proposed to integrate the enhanced image. The experimental results show that the method can obtain better results than the traditional methods on both qualitative and quantitative analysis.


tion. The implication is clear: literally thousands of nondiscriminatory public interest regulations would be exposed to WTO oversight and potential challenge. At the stroke of a negotiator's pen, every WTO member government's existing GATS commitments—including those in education services—would be deepened. The scope of these proposed disciplines is very broad. Many types of government measures covering education and other public services could be affected. Licensing requirements, for example, would apply not only to professional licensing but also to university and school accreditation, as well as broadcast licenses, licensing of health facilities and laboratories, waste disposal permits, and municipal zoning procedures. Technical standards, according to the WTO secretariat, refer not just to regulations affecting "technical characteristics of the service itself" but also to "the rules according to which the service must be performed." This is a sweeping definition that would cover standards related to quality assurance requirements, health and safety regulations, sustainable environmental practices, and other vital regulations. Surprisingly, this is not yet a hot-button issue among trade


Objective To review the curative effect of modified Banxia Xiexin Tang on cold-heat complex syndrome of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD) and its influence on the quality of life.Methods The patients(n=127) were randomly divided into treatment group(n=64) and control group(n=63).The treatment group was treated with modified Banxia Xiexin Tang twice a day for 8 weeks,and control group,with pantoprazole(40 mg) once a day for 8 weeks.The curative effect and quality of life were reviewed by applying Reflux Disease Diagnostic Questionnaire(RDQ),Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD) before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate was 87.50% in treatment group but it was not statistically significant compared with control group(P0.05).In treatment group,the total integral of RDQ,RDQ frequency integrals of heartburn,acid reflux and retrosternal pain,and RDQ degree integrals of heartburn,acid reflux,retrosternal pain and regurgitation were statistically significant after treatment compared with those before treatment(P0.05,P0.01),but were not statistically significant compared with control group(P0.05).The integrals of PSQI and HAD were statistically significant in treatment group compared with control group(P0.05) after treatment.Conclusion Modified Banxia Xiexin Tang can effectively relieve the reflux symptoms and its curative effect is similar to that of pantoprazole in the patients with cold-heat complex syndrome of NERD.At the same time,it can improve the quality of sleep and quality of life and is better than pantoprazole.


We study the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalue correlations for the unitary ensemble associated with a family of singular weights w(x; μ) = exp { − (1 − x2)−μ}, x ∈ ( − 1, 1) for μ > 0. When μ ∈ (0, 1/2) these are Szego class weights, and are non-Szego when μ ⩾ 1/2. It is proved that the behavior in the bulk of the spectrum is described in terms of the sine kernel, which persists the so-called universality results. While the local behavior at the edge of the spectrum is described in terms of the Airy kernel. A specific scaling of the limit reflects the singular behavior of orthogonal polynomials on [ − 1, 1], with respect to the weight w(x; μ).


Presently,the attorney's investigation writ system,which being tried out by courts at all levels,lacks an adequate legal basis,and is in an awkward position where each does what he believes right.This has exerted an impact on the unity and authoritativeness of law enforcement.In the paper,the author attempts to analyse the legitimation of the attorney's investigation writ by using the principle of law.


A method for measuring fiber orientation on paper surface was developed. The technique is based on light reflection from the each side of fibers which exist on the surface of paper. In this method. a plane which involves an incident light axis and a reflected light axis is inclined against the plane of the ordinary specular reflection. By using this inclined optical arrangement, the greater angular anisotropy of reflected light intensity was observed in comparison with other reflection methods.By using the polarized light perpendicular to the incidence-reflection plane and measuring the reflected light being polarized perpendicularly to the same plane, the observed anisotropy became greater.Furthermore the reduction of diffused light was examined. Illuminated light penetrates into paper and the light is diffused by fibers. The diffused light is also emitted from the paper surface. Consequently, the observed reflected light contains the diffused light. Treatment of carbon vapor deposition prevented the illuminated light from penetration, and the greatest anisotropy was obtained.The polarized light perpendicular to the incidence-reflection plane and the polarized light parallel to the plane were measured respectively, and the intensity difference between the former and the latter was used for calculating orientation parameters. The observed anisotropy was enhanced without surface treatment.We made the apparatus according to this method and used it for measuring z-directional profiles of fiber orientation in previous work presented in '92 PAN-PAC PPTC. Moreover we got a good correlation between orientation angle and curl with a bias axis.


The topic 'Capital Market and Company's Borrowing Power in Nigeria' addressed the floatation of company and the difficulties associated with raising of funds to actualize the object of a going concern. This research reemphasized the fact that every company is formed with a view to prosecuting a named project or business and money is needed to translate this into reality. A company which is formed to take over an existing business may utilize the existing capital but a company which is formed to undertake a new business without existing asset may find it difficult to raise the needed fund. Thus, this research paper discussed the various ways by which a company may solicit for capital. This research used both primary and secondary sources of legal literature to support the argument canvassed.


Today, during the continuous development of technologies for the processing of raw materials for metallurgical production, constant improvement of technical, economic and environmental indi-cators is necessary. The problem of purification of process gases is relevant due to the fact that met-allurgical enterprises as a result of pyrometallurgical processing of raw materials, including sulfur-containing compounds, produce waste gases containing hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other harmful substances. Metallurgical plants are basically the largest sources of air pollution by gas emissions, estimated at tens of thousands of tons per year, which include blast-furnace, converter, coke, ferroalloy and other gases. Exhaust gases contain components whose emission into the atmo¬sphere is unacceptable for sanitary and hygienic reasons. For environmental safety, sulfur-containing gases are recycled. To date, there are many ways to process waste gases: dry, wet, gas-phase, cataly¬tic, reagent methods for the disposal of sulfur compounds. In the field of environmental protection, an important place is given to adsorption methods. A variety of sorbents and possible technical solu-tions allow the use of sorption purification systems in virtually all industries. One of the promising areas of sorption disposal of metallurgical production waste gases is the use of an adsorbent based on domestic ferromanganium ores. In this paper, we analyzed the literature data on the purification of process gases from sulfur-containing impurities of metallurgical industries using various types of sorbents. Studies on the sorption of impurity components on zeolites, activated carbons and man-ganese ores of different composition are presented, the capacitance parameters of the presented sor-bents and other characteristics are compared. Considered installation for the sorption of gases and the technological parameters of the process of sorption – the optimum temperature, pressure and gas transmission rate through the sorbents.


Quantitative-histological investigations (point counting method) are pointed out in 27 male and 15 female sand rats. The animals are divided in the IGT (impaired glucose tolerance), the diabetic and the control group. The LEYDIG cells are in the IGT-group increased, and in the diabetic group decreased. The female sand rats are characterized by the tendency of increase of size and number of follicles in the IGT-group. Corpora lutea are reduced but atretic follicles are increased in the diabetic group. The ovaries are greater in diabetic sand rats.


This study of pattern of changes of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) was a prospective observational study carried out on 23 selected Nigerian adults who underwent major elective orthopaedic surgeries at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 23 patients (Males 10, Females 13) with a mean age of 53.95 years, pre-operatively on Day 0 and post-operatively on Days 2,4,7 10, 14 and 42. Blood samples were also collected from 21 adult volunteers (Males 9, Females 12) with a mean age of 49.61years on one occasion as a negative control. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) estimation was by the Modified Westergreen method while the C-RP assay was by the High Sensitivity (HS) ELISA technique. The result showed a steep rise in both parameters (more than 300% constitutive levels) within 2 days post-operatively. The peak value for the mean serum C-RP level was attained on day 4 post operatively with normalization to its pre-operative serum level on day 42 (P = 0.543), while the mean serum ESR reached its peak on day 7 and remained significantly higher than its pre-operative mean serum level even on day 42 post operatively (P = 0.003). CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION A major surgery is defined as a procedure which given the locality, condition of patient, level of difficulty or length of time to perform constitutes a hazard to life or function of an organ or tissue (Mcgraw-Hill, 2002). Major surgeries are associated with various changes in the neuro-endocrine and inflammatory cytokine system of the body. Major orthopaedic surgical procedures are becoming more common in our society because of i. availability of the necessary expertise; ii. increased awareness of the population; iii. aging population with chronic joint diseases and osteoporotic fractures requiring treatment; iv. increasing number of traumatic fractures from road traffic accidents and other causes of high energy injuries. Most of these surgeries are performed with expensive implants and prostheses made of metals and their alloys. These metals are foreign bodies which when infected can lead to a disastrous outcome with attendant increased morbidity and mortality. Early clinical diagnosis of deep surgical wound infection is made more difficult by the normal adaptive response to trauma/surgery being mounted by the host in the immediate postoperative period. The incidence of postoperative infection has been reduced to the barest minimum. This is due to: i. proper patient preparation; ii. strict observance of the principle of asepsis; iii. good surgical techniques; iv. judicious use of antibiotics; Still there are few incidents of breakthrough infection requiring early detection and appropriate treatment. Consequently, concerted effort is being made through the use of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Proteins (C-RP), and other acute phase proteins (eg Haptoglobulin, Fibrinogen), as a screening tool for early detection of deep surgical wound infections. The ESR is a less sensitive and specific marker of deep wound infection than C-RP; however, it represents a cheaper, readily available and less demanding screening tool in a developing country such as ours. Efforts at determining the pattern of changes of ESR and C-RP following major elective orthopaedic surgeries form the basis and rationale for this research work. ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS The term "Acute Phase" refers to local and systemic events that accompany inflammation (Tarik and David 2002) and Acute Phase Proteins are those proteins which reflect a measure of acute phase response. Local responses include vasodilation, platelet aggregation, neutrophil chemotaxis and release of lysosomal enzymes. Systemic responses include fever, leukocytosis, and a change in synthesis of acute phase proteins. Stimuli for the increased synthesis of the proteins include many different forms of injury such as trauma, surgery, infection, immunological reaction, thermal injury, hypoxic injury and malignancy. Acute phase proteins are used clinically as an aid to clinical diagnosis ( Van Leeuwen and Van Rijswijk,1994 ). Because the response is relatively non specific, the clinical value of measuring their concentration in the serum is to assess the extent of inflammation reflecting momentary disease activity (Tarik and David, 2002). Similar to tumour markers, acute phase proteins may be used to monitor the course of disease in response to therapeutic intervention. There are other acute phase proteins besides C-RP. They include the Transport proteins (haptoglobulin, ceruloplasmin, and α1antitrypsin), Coagulation proteins (fibrinogen, prothrombin ) and Complement Components (C3,C4,C5 etc) These proteins are believed to play a role in the body's response to inflammation. For example C-RP can stimulate the classical complement pathway, and α1antitrypsin can neutralize certain proteases released during acute inflammatory state( Murray, 2006). What makes ESR and C-RP the markers of choice in monitoring acute phase reaction is the fact that they increase in concentration in the serum compared to basal values. Additionally, they have a relatively short lag time from the moment of stimulus, and are cost effective, (Van Leeuwen and Van Rijswijk, 1994). BIOCHEMISTRY/PHYSIOLOGY OF ESR Classical acute phase proteins are usually produced by the hepatic cells in response to stimulation by interleukin I and VI. These cytokines are released by macrophages at the site of injury or inflammation. The acute phase proteins are known to increase or decrease in the serum concentration by at least 25% in response to stimuli. The high post operative (post trauma) level of fibrinogen is doubled after 48hrs and quadrupled at 96hrs( Badoe , 2000). This increase has a positive correlation with ESR, though not absolutely. ESR MEASUREMENT When well mixed anticoagulated blood is placed in a vertical tube, erythrocytes tend to fall toward the bottom. It is a common haematology test which is a non specific measurement of inflammation. The ESR is governed by the balance between pro – sedimentation factors mainly fibrinogen and those factors resisting sedimentation, namely the negative charge of the erythrocytes (zeta potential). The length of fall of the top of the erythrocytes in a given interval is called the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Although the test does not correlate absolutely with any of the plasma protein fraction, however, it is commonly used as a non specific and indirect measurement of inflammation. When an inflammatory process is present, the high proportion of fibrinogen in the blood causes red blood cells to stick to each other. The red cells form stacks called "Rouleaux" which settles faster. Rouleaux formation can also occur in association with some lympho-proliferative disorders in which one or more immunoglobins are secreted in high amounts. BIOCHEMISTRY/PHYSIOLOGY OF C-RP C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) is synthesized by hepatocytes and is classified as an acute phase protein on the basis of its increase in plasma concentration during trauma, infection and inflammation. Cytokines, particularly interleukin 6(IL -6) induce C-RP synthesis in the liver (Kragsjerg and Homberg, 1995). These cytokines appear to work at the level of gene transcription. C-RP is an α globulin with a molecular mass of approximately 110,000140,000 daltons and it is composed of five identical subunits, which are non-covalently assembled as a cyclic pentamer (Dowling an Cook, 1972). The clearance rate of C-RP is constant; therefore its level in the blood is regulated solely by synthesis. This acute phase protein acts as opsonin for bacteria, parasites and immune complexes, activating the classical complement pathway( Foglar and Lindsey, 1998). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims and objectives of this study are as follows: 1. Determine the basal serum values for ESR and C-RP using the 23 selected patients and the 21 recruited volunteer members of staff of the NOH, Enugu. 2. Develop a normal pattern of changes in ESR and C-RP following major elective orthopaedic surgeries at NOH, Enugu. 3. Possibly use the normal pattern of ESR and C-RP changes as an effective tool to predict early postoperative surgical wound infections.


SYNOPSIS. On the 14th day of incubation chick embryos were inoculated intravenously with approximately 4 × 104 amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in ground, infected hamster spleen. Embryos were then incubated at 28, 33, or 37 C. At 1 hr and at 2, 4, and 6 days postinfection embryos were killed, and parasite burdens in the liver and spleen estimated by the method of Stauber. The spleen played a relatively minor role in clearance of amastigotes from the bloodstream and parasites did not survive beyond the 2nd day. In each experiment ∼20% of the injected amastigotes were found in the liver after 1 hr. Numbers of amastigotes declined in embryos incubated at 37 C and were not observed later than 2 days postinfection. At 33 C the amastigotes multiplied at a rapid rate, and at 28 C they not only multiplied but, in some instances, transformed to the promastigote form.


Men with prior negative prostate biopsies have a lower risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer in comparison with biopsy‐naive men. However, the relative clinical utility of identified lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is uncertain between the 2 settings.


A new model for calculating the solvation energy of proteins is developed and tested for its ability to identify the native conformation as the global energy minimum among a group of thousands of computationally generated compact non‐native conformations for a series of globular proteins. In the model (called the WZS model), solvation preferences for a set of 17 chemically derived molecular fragments of the 20 amino acids are learned by a training algorithm based on maximizing the solvation energy difference between native and non‐native conformations for a training set of proteins. The performance of the WZS model confirms the success of this learning approach; the WZS model misrecognizes (as more stable than native) only 7 of 8,200 non‐native structures. Possible applications of this model to the prediction of protein structure from sequence are discussed.


Presents results of an evaluation of nutrition education delivered as an integral part of a comprehensive health care program by the India Population Project in Karnataka state. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess operational aspects and determine the impact of the project over a 5 year period. Educational activities were carried out in 2 primary health care centers where supplementary feeding for pregnant women (last trimester) nursing mothers during the 1st 6 months of lactation and children between 6 and 24 months had been introduced. They consisted of group talks cooking demonstrations mobile nutrition exhibitions and films on nutrition and other health matters. 12 villages where group talks or cooking demonstrations had taken place 6 or more times over the 5-year period were surveyed generally through interviews with mothers; personnel involved in educational activities were also interviewed. In general results indicated that educational sessions increased awareness about some nutritional and health problems the cooking demonstration having a striking impact. Participants were better informed about national nutrition and immunization programs and had used these services. However participants were not especially better informed on some issues which were supposed to have been addressed notably the need for supplementation to breast milk for children over 6 months old the need for increased food during pregnancy and the role of dietary inadequacy in kwashiorkor/marasmus. Where food supplementation was recognized as a need lack of resources made it difficult for villagers to provide it. (summaries in FRE SPA)


This article speculates on the "Welcome to Hell" demonstration of the G20 summit that took place on the 7th and 8th July 2017 in Hamburg. The demonstration ended just under an hour later with a much-criticized police action captured by media coverage. Although the police action was almost unanimously rejected, pictures of hooded people and burning cars that started circulating in the web. But the protest had begun peacefully and a very different picture could have shaped the perception of the 'black block': a giant inflatable black cube that was being carried by the protesters above their heads. The cube was not the only inflatable that was used during the protests. Why do the protesters use Inflatables instead of e.g. banners?


Abstract In this study, pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC), a relatively new and efficient technique, was used to study the solvation and volumetric properties of the enzyme ribonuclease A (RNase A) in its native and unfolded state. In PPC, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the partial volume of the protein is deduced from the heat consumed or produced after small isothermal pressure jumps (±5bar), which strongly depends on the interaction of the protein with the solvent or co-solvent at the protein-solvent interface. The effects of various chaotropic and kosmotropic co-solvents (glycerol, sorbitol, urea, guanidinium hydrochloride, K2SO4) on the solvation and unfolding behaviour of RNase A was investigated as well, and the observed volume and expansivity changes are correlated with further thermodynamic properties obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Depending on the type of co-solvent and its concentration, specific differences are found for the solvation properties of the protein, and the volume change upon unfolding may even change sign. Taken together, the data obtained lead to a deeper understanding of the solvation process of proteins in different co-solvents in their native and unfolded states.


Abstract
Background: Brucellosis was a zoonotic disease causing serious public health and economic problems.
Methods: Total 2,648 samples were collected between July 2011 and August 2012 from


To overcome the deficiency of current model,the issue of building new model to calculate aircraft survivability in active self-defense is necessarily to be researched.First,the aircraft survivability is analyzed from the view of combination of attack and defense.Then,considering the fact that the relationship between the aircraft and threats is of constraint each other,the active self-defense ability of aircraft could be defined as a weapon platform.Finally,a new model of computing survivability related to the active self-defense ability is established in the condition of positive correlation relationship between weapon's active self-defense ability and its survival state.An example has been implemented to analyze the influence of factors on aircraft survivability and the results validate the correctness and rationality of the proposed model.It is concluded that,in consideration of aircraft's active self-defense ability,the aircraft survivability is boosted noticeable if the threat system is settled,while the trend and degree of the boost are relevant to aircraft's active self-defense ability and threat targets' vulnerability.


at zero temperature and zero bias, while for super-Ohmic ( s> 1) spectral densities this transition disappears. In this paper, we consider the influence of the phonon-bath spectral density on the nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum dot with electron-phonon interactions described by the extended Holstein model. Using the reduced density matrix formalism combined with the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree approach, we investigate the dynamic response, the time scales for relaxation, as well as the existence of multiple long-lived solutions as the system-bath coupling changes from the sub- to the super-Ohmic cases. Bistability is shown to diminish for increasing powers of s similar to the spin-boson case. However, the physical mechanism and the dependence on the model parameters such as the typical bath frequency ωc and the polaron shift λ are rather distinct.


Objective To discuss the curative effect of local treatment with branchofiberoscope on lung abscess. Methods 58 patients were divided into local medication group (32 patients) and control group (26 patients) randomly. Routine medical treatment was used in the control group. In addition to routine medical treatment, Bronchoalveolar lavage and local medication were used in the local medication group. Results The cure rates in the local medication group in 2, 4, 6 weeks were 21.9%, 56.3% and 90.6% respectively, in the control group, there were 3.9%, 15.4%, 42.3% respectively. The difference of the cure rate in 2 ,4 weeks was significant ( P 0.05) between two groups; and in 6 weeks, it was no significant ( P 0.01) between them. Conclusions The medical treatment with the addition of local medication is safe, simple and effective. The cure rate and curative effect of local medication group were better than simple routine medical treatment.


Filler dispersion is critical in the nanocomposite feature determination. Physical methods such as sonication are usually employed to disperse carbon nanotubes inside a thermoset polymeric matrix. Those methods often use strong forces to disperse the filler but they could damage it, compromising its reinforcing action. In this paper, we have employed acetone solvent during the sonication process of carbon nanotubes and polyester resin. The solvent helps the carbon nanotube bundle dissolution and favors its homogeneous distribution inside the matrix, thus reducing the action of ultrasounds. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes employed were both pristine and properly oxidized, to favor the opening of carbon nanotube bundles. Solvent was then removed although traces remained in the mixture. We have analyzed the role of solvent during the mixing and the following polymeric network growth. The experimental analyses highlighted as the solvent interacts with the carbon nanotubes during the mixing, thus hindering the right network development. Styrene fragments remain entrapped within the network of polyester resin, softening and improving the adhesive properties. Instead, without solvent, the carbon nanotubes improve the material stiffness in the order CNTox > CNTp.


The information technology [IT] industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy, both here in Australia and globally. This paper is an exploratory study of aspects of women's status in the IT industry in Western Australia. What is apparent from this initial study is that the shortage of skilled personnel in WA mirrors the declining trend in the representation of women in the IT industry. This industry, once thought of as a gender neutral profession is still dominated by men. This preliminary study suggests that even though the IT industry does not exclude women, it does little to promote or employ them and the old corporate 'boys club' syndrome continues to perpetuate.


The regular shape Hexagonal Waveguide (HWG) is investigated in this paper using conformal mapping technique. The regular shape HWG is transformed into the unit circle using the conformal mapping technique. The wave equation is also transformed into the conformal domain to get the approximate eigenfunction and Eigenvalue. The internal field patterns for the dominant TE mode are shown using the conformal mapping technique. It is found that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the cosmetically availabel 3D EM simulator (HFSS).


The ferromagnetic resonance spectra of thin alloy films, which are often used as components of giant magnetoresistance structures, were observed. Face-centered-cubic films with Cu underlayers and single magnetic layers of permalloy, permalloy containing Co; or Co rich CoFe alloys were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The magnetic field position of the resonance provides information about the magnetic moment and the growth induced anisotropies of the films, and was affected by magnetostriction when stresses were induced. Linewidths and coercivity increased rapidly as a function of the total (Cu+magnet) layer thickness above about 20 nm. The linewidth is sensitive to the damping parameter for the thinner films and to magnetocrystalline anisotropy and crystallographic texture for the thicker Co containing films in which the grains become large. Based on observations of the resonances in stressed films, several nonmagnetostrictive compositions were determined.


A case study is provided of dasatinib-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. This condition resolved completely within 2 months of drug discontinuation. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data were obtained throughout the recovery process. After 30 months of dasatinib treatment, a woman in her 30s developed orthopnea and signs of right heart failure (leg edema, hepatomegaly, and weight gain). Transthoracic echocardiography indicated elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure, severely impaired systolic and diastolic right ventricular functions, and dilation of the right ventricle and atrium. Once dasatinib was discontinued, clinical symptoms improved rapidly, and follow-up TTE 2 months later showed normal right heart function. Treatment with an alternative tyrosine kinase inhibitor was initiated and has continued without recurrence of PAH. This case suggests that dasatinib, which inhibits a broad spectrum of tyrosine kinases, could cause reversible PAH; therefore, careful cardiopulmonary evaluation by TTE is necessary.


The empirical distribution of Gamow-Teller strengths in /sup 98/Tc and /sup 115/Sn have been obtained via the (p,n) reaction at E/sub p/ = 120 MeV and E/sub p/ = 200 MeV on /sup 98/Mo and /sup 115/In targets. This information is used to calculate the cross section for absorption of solar neutrinos in /sup 98/Mo and /sup 115/In, nuclides which are being considered as neutrino detectors to accomplish solar neutrino spectroscopy.


This is a descriptive crosssectional, institutionalbased study. It aimed to assess the degree of job satisfaction of the Sudanese community physicians. Selfadministered questionnaires were sent to all Sudanese community physicians (82) who are present at the time of this study in their locations of work. Onethird of the Sudanese community physicians are females, and 90.2%of all the Sudanese community physicians are married. Only 34.6% of them were found to be satisfied with their jobs. Neither age nor marital status is significantly associated with job satisfaction. Female Sudanese community physicians are more highly significantly dissatisatisfied by their work as compared to their male counterparts. They are all highly dissatisfied by the availability of the promotion opportunities, as the chances for continuous medical education or doing subspecialties. One of the most dissatisfying factors was found to be the low salaries and incentives, as it is highly significantly associated with job satisfaction. As the result of this wide spread dissatisfaction 71.6%of the Sudanese community physicians have the tendency to leave their current governmental posts, under the condition that they find new better satisfying posts inside or abroad.


In 1713 Sir Christopher Wren, then in his 81st year, reported on Westminster Abbey and took the opportunity to enunciate a theory of great importance in regard to the origins of Gothic architecture. Referring to the new church of Henry III he wrote: This we now call the Gothic manner of architecture … I think it should with more reason be called the Saracen style, for these people wanted neither arts nor learning: and after we in the west lost both, we borrowed again from them, out of their Arabic books, what they with great diligence had translated from the Greeks.… The crusado gave us an idea of this form, after which King Henry built his church.… The Saracen mode of building, seen in the East, soon spread over Europe, and particularly in France, the fashions of which nation we affected to imitate in all ages, even when we were at enmity with it.


The goal of this research has been the development of an effective design tool for torsional analysis. In the hopes of achieving this goal the computer program, Torsion 1, has been created. This torsional transfer matrix program provides the user with the ability to easily model multi-rotor systems using a simple user-interface. The program is capable of modeling such components or system characteristics as continuously distributed mass, viscous and structural damping, vibration absorbers, and gear meshes with gear tooth flexibility. The analysis capabilities of the program include forced-response and free-vibration analyses. The forced-response analysis module is capable of determining a system's response to a static or harmonic torsional load. The free-vibration analysis module allows is capable of determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for damped and undamped systems. This thesis includes an explanation of the multi-rotor transfer matrix technique employed in Torsion 1. The derivation of transfer matrices for visco-elastic vibration absorbers, pendulum absorbers, flexible gear meshes, and planetary gear trains are included in this work. Finally, the validity of the program results is verified with a set of benchmark examples. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Larry D. Mitchell, for his guidance, advice, and support throughout the course of my graduate studies. His contributions to this research extend far beyond the references cited in this work. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. My deepest appreciation is extended to my parents whose love and support has among other things helped me to achieve my goals as a student thus far. I am also grateful for the knowledge and friendship shared with me by my brother, Geoff. I would like to thank the rest of my family for their fellowship and encouragement throughout my studies. In addition, I am grateful to my friends and fellow graduate students who have made the time spent at Virginia Tech interesting and rewarding. The willingness of fellow graduate students Tim Poppe, Anaita Dolasa, and Pavan Thallapragada to share programming experiences and resources has been instrumental in the completion of my work. It should also be noted that the computer program, Torsion 1, is the latest in a series of transfer matrix programs developed by graduate students advised by Dr. Mitchell. Torsion 1 makes use of several subroutines developed by others.


supply, as when antibiotics first became available; or where assessment of the balance of advantages and disadvantages is complex, as it clearly is in routine vaccination against smallpox at the present time and against tuberculosis in the foreseeable future. But it is by no means obvious to everyone that a national approach is required for screening, which many people think of as an extension of clinical practice. If they see no grounds for policies in relation to clinical procedures in general, they are unlikely to recognise that they are needed in screening. From this viewpoint it is sufficient if the clinician is convinced from personal experience that investigation is worthwhile, and the responsibility of the National Health Service is not to assess and advise on procedures, but merely to


A unique method of hot rolling is described which fabricates high performance plate‐shaped magnets from a cast Pr17Fe76.5B5Cu1.5 alloy. A flat ingot of the alloy with fine‐scale columnar grains of a Pr2Fe14B phase is prepared by chill casting. The ingot is hot rolled in such a way that the roll pressure is applied perpendicular to the preferential growth direction of the columnar grains. A maximum energy product of 25.3 MG Oe has been obtained by this method.


The April 1966 issue of the Bulletin contained a letter from D. J. Lythall and J. T. Calow with the above heading, and the May issue contained another letter having the same heading by A. R. Mears. These authors would like to see conference reports omitted from the Bulletin. I would not.


In this work we show the results obtained in the Project called: "The development of a pedagogical design from a socioconstructivist point of view for learning – teaching situations mediated via computers." The work was done comparing two different courses that shared the same pedagogical design. We focus on supporting two concepts that had measured significantly in a previous Project, about the academical achievement y higher students' satisfaction: interaction and tutorials. Through a cuasi experimental design, we work on different populations to prove if this relationship was still there on courses of different characteristics. The results obtained show the strength of these variables in the quality definition of educational processes under technological support not only via distribution lists but virtual campus as well.


The selectivity of entomopathogenic fungi to non-target organisms needs to be considered in Integrated Pest Management (IPM), because even though they are biological control agents, if used incorrectly, they can negatively alter the functioning of agroecosystems. Therefore, studies that assess the selectivity of these fungi to beneficial organisms are extremely important. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarril®) and Beauveria bassiana (Boveril®) to adults of Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), under laboratory conditions. The products were evaluated on adult females of T. podisi, at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. To this, 0.2 mL of suspensions of each product and control (treatments) were applied to the inner surface of glass tubes, and then a female T. podisi was placed in it (≤ 48 h of emergence). After 24 h of contact, cards with 25 eggs of Euschistus heros Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were offered for 24 h (COF24). After this period, the COF24 were withdrawn. After 72 h of contact of the female with the tube surface, new E. heros egg cards were made available (COF72) for 24 h for T. podisi ovipositioning. The mortality of T. podisi females was evaluated daily to determine longevity, percentage of parasitism and emergence, sex ratio, and egg-adult period of the T. podisi offspring. Metarril® and Boveril®, considered selective for adult females of T. podisi, did not negatively affect most of the parameters evaluated.


Generalized second-order derivatives introduced by RockafeIlar in finite-dimensional spaces are extended to convex functions in reflexive Banach spaces. Parallel results are shown in the infinite-dimensional case. A result that plays an important role in applications is that the generalized second-order differentiability is preserved under the integral sign


This paper proposes a method for designing a large recording script for open domain English speech synthesis. For read-aloud style text, 12 domains and 294 sub-domains were designed using text contained in five different news media publications. For conversational style text, 4 domains and 36 sub-domains were designed using movie subtitles. The final script consists of 43,013 sentences, 27,085 read-aloud style sentences, and 15,928 conversational style sentences, consisting of 549,683 tokens and 38,356 types. The completed script is analyzed using four criteria: word coverage (type coverage and token coverage), high-frequency vocabulary coverage, phonetic coverage (diphone coverage and triphone coverage), and readability. The type coverage of our script reaches 36.86% despite its low token coverage of 2.97%. The high-frequency vocabulary coverage of the script is 73.82%, and the diphone coverage and triphone coverage of the whole script is 86.70% and 38.92%, respectively. The average readability of whole sentences is 9.03. The results of analysis show that the proposed method is effective in producing a large recording script for English speech synthesis, demonstrating good coverage in terms of unique words, high-frequency vocabulary, phonetic units, and readability.


The polarization of 585 fineness (14 karat) standard jewelry gold alloys of different colors (red, European yellow and white) has been examined by means of bipolar current pulses of different amplitude-time variables with the aim to optimize the electrochemical polish modes.


We study here the numerical analysis of a hydrodynamic contact in a particular configuration: the 3D incompressible viscous flow of a fluid dragged by a smooth plate over a rough surface. The mathematical model takes into account and discretizes the local topography of the rough profile. The simulation outcome will be the 3D velocity and pressure fields of the fluid film within the contact borders. This work is limited to the study of numerical resolution methods working solely in finite differences. The algorithms will be tested by analysing and comparing their results with analytically known flows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper discusses the main problems existing in the ball-mill machine which is widely used in the ceramic industries and after the use of the hydraulic couplers for speed transformation and proposes the scheme in which the inverter is used to transform the program.Results indicate that it is feasible to apply the drive to speed reconstruction and the production process requirements can be meeted.


MANUFACTURED MINERAL CLAY fluffing PLAQUETAS ELEMENTAL THREE LAYERS consisting of a CAPA CENTRAL metal ions SURROUNDED OXYGEN octahedrally (CAPA OCTAEDRO), which is surrounded by two layers containing a silicon atom SURROUNDED tetrahedrally (LAYERS TETRAHEDRON ), a number of said platelets being optionally STACKED ELEMENTALES. MEASURES OF CLAY PLATES VARIAN 0.01 {MI} {MI MA 1} M, the number of platelets three layers varies from BASIC STACK OF MEDIA TO TWENTY PLAQUETAS a plaque, while maximum octahedral LAYER 30% OFF AT IONS METAL HAS BEEN rEPLACED BY IONS A SLOWER VALENCIA AND LAYERS tetrahedral at most 15% AT IONS SILICON have been replaced by ions of a lower valence, said substitution TAKING PLACE IN THE least one of these LAYERS AND LAYERS HAVING THESE a deficiency of positive charge due to substitution. PUESTADEL are prepared by PH of aqueous liquid containing components CLAY to a value of 3-9 and the liquid temperature to a value of FROM 60 TO 350 (degrees) maintained at that value CY DURING THE TIME REQUIRED the reaction, the pH being kept to a value in the range.


Protostars start emitting high energetic FUV and X-ray photons after a not yet known point of evolution. Stars in this phase are still deeply embedded in their cloud and all radiation is absorbed. The radiation, however, can affect chemical abundances of molecules in the cloud. Several hydrides (e.g. CH, CH, OH, OH, NH) can act as tracers for X-rays. To schedule observations with the HIFI instrument onboard the Herschel space telescope, we have estimated line intensities of the high-mass object AFGL 2591 and the low-mass objects IRAS 16293-2422 (Class I) and TMC 1 (Class 0) for the hydrides CH, CH, SH, SH, NH, OH and the water ion H2O . We have used the chemical model of Stäuber et al. (2005a) for our calculation. It was found that CH, CH and NH are promising for a detection. In a second part of the work, observations of star forming regions were carried out with the KOSMA telescope. We have observed the HCO(4–3) and HCO(3–2) lines in S140 and W3. Maps of both objects and a cut through S140 were measured. We have determined the column density and excitation temperature at the center position of S140. The cosmic ionization rate at this point has been estimated to be ζ ≈ (0.9− 4.9) · 10 [s].


It is shown how surface impedance concepts can be incorporated into the FD-TD technique. To show the accuracy of the proposed approximation, the maximum percent error for any angle of incidence versus loss tangent p is graphed. It is demonstrated that the impulse responses can be approximated by a series of exponential functions, typically 5 to 10. The convolution of each exponential with H/sub x/(x,t) then requires only one storage location for a running sum variable. This is a great savings and makes the surface impedance concept a viable option for use in FD-TD codes.<<ETX>>


This article discussed the technological catching-up problem of modularized industry in developing countries. Firstly, this article analysed the relationship between technical level, technology learning capability, technological innovation capability and technological capability; then, stated that the technological catching-up of modularized industry in developing countries is the integration of catching-up in technical level and technological capability. After comparing the developing mode of modularized industries in developing countries with that in developed countries, this article puts forward a technological catching-up model of modularized industry in developing countries