Abstract The robust state estimation problem is studied in this paper for a class of neural networks with multiple time-varying delays and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. The problem is to estimate the neuron states through available measured outputs such that for all admissible time-delays and parameter uncertainties, the dynamics of the estimation error is globally stable. A sufficient condition for the existence of such estimators for the multi-delayed neural networks is derived via the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, and a design procedure of the estimators is presented in terms of the feasible solutions to a certain LMI. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Consider the following variant of the set cover problem. We are given a universe $U=\{1,...,n\}$ and a collection of subsets $\mathcal{C} = \{S_1,...,S_m\}$ where $S_i \subseteq U$. For every element $u \in U$ we need to find a set $\phi(u) \in \mathcal C$ such that $u\in \phi(u)$. Once we construct and fix the mapping $\phi:U \rightarrow \mathcal{C}$ a subset $X \subseteq U$ of the universe is revealed, and we need to cover all elements from $X$ with exactly $\phi(X):=\cup_{u\in X} \phi(u)$. The goal is to find a mapping such that the cover $\phi(X)$ is as cheap as possible.
This is an example of a universal problem where the solution has to be created before the actual instance to deal with is revealed. Such problems appear naturally in some settings when we need to optimize under uncertainty and it may be actually too expensive to begin finding a good solution once the input starts being revealed.
A rich body of work was devoted to investigate the approximability of such problems under the regime of worst case analysis or when the input instance is drawn randomly from some probability distribution. Here one typically compares the quality of the produced solution with the optimal offline solution.
In this paper we consider a different viewpoint: What if we would compare our approximate universal solution against an optimal universal solution that obeys the same rules as we do? We show that under this viewpoint it is possible to achieve improved approximation algorithms for the stochastic version of universal set cover. Our result is based on rounding a proper configuration IP that captures the optimal universal solution, and using tools from submodular optimization. The same basic approach leads to improved approximation algorithms also for other related problems.


Angeles City, Pampanga established the rst ever accredited and certied hearing-impaired tour guides in the Philippines. A qualitative method research was developed to propose an intervention program for the hearing-impaired tour guides through assessment of the current status of the
hearing-impaired tour guides and eorts of stakeholders. Dierent frameworks were used to identify the
eectiveness of the training, communication and interpretation skills of hearing-impaired tour guides by
conducting review of dierent documents, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. There is an
eective training program given to the participants, but problems emerge especially on the sustainability
and the long-term programs for the hearing-impaired tour guides.


TORRES-VILA L.M., RODRIGUEZ-MOLINA M.C., PALO E. y TORRES-ALVAREZ E., 2002. Ecologia y danos de Oiketicoides (Amictoides) febretta Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1835 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) en las dehesas del Parque Natural de Cornalvo (Extremadura). Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 28: 273-280. In last years some damages caused by O. febretta larvae on pastures have been observed in the Mediterranean open woodlands (dehesas) of the Cornalvo Natural Park (Extremadura, Spain). The damages occur in spring in form of intensely defoliated patches of several dozens of meters. Although defoliated patches are usually sporadic and located, larval damage may imply important biomass losses and may exercise a negative selection on the pasture flora. In consequence, the ecology and damages of this moth in the Park was studied during the period 1998-2001. Grass damage caused by O. febretta was quite variable among years: while in 1998 and 1999 several defoliated patches were observed, in 2000 and 2001 gamekeepers did not detect any damage. In 1999, year in which the spring was quite dry and grasses besides scanty, withered prematurely, larvae used Asphodelus plants as alternative host, but they were never observed on holm oak, Quercus rotundifolia Lam., or broom, Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. Flight curves obtained from light traps at La Orden (SIA, Extremadura) (1996-1998) as well as emergency curve in the laboratory from field-collected larvae (1999), indicated that O. febretta is univoltine with an unique flight in August-September. Data on the incidence of entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids on O. febretta larvae are also given.


Total intensity variability light curves offer a unique insight into the ongoing debate about the launching mechanism of jets. For this work, we utilised the availability of radio and γ-ray light curves over a few decades of the radio source 3C 84 (NGC 1275). We calculated the multi-band time-lags between the flares identified in the light curves via discrete cross-correlation and Gaussian process regression. We find that the jet particle and magnetic field energy densities are in equipartition (kr = 1.08±0.18). The jet apex is located z91.5 GHz = 22−645 Rs (2−20 × 10−3 pc) upstream of the 3 mm radio core; at that position, the magnetic field amplitude is B91.5 GHz core = 3−10 G. Our results are in good agreement with earlier studies that utilised very-long-baseline interferometry. Furthermore, we investigated the temporal relation between the ejection of radio and γ-ray flares. Our results are in favour of the γ-ray emission being associated with the radio emission. We are able to tentatively connect the ejection of features identified at 43 and 86 GHz to prominent γ-ray flares. Finally, we computed the multiplicity parameter λ and the Michel magnetisation σM, and find that they are consistent with a jet launched by the Blandford & Znajek (1977, MNRAS, 179, 433) mechanism.


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An estimated 253 million people are blind or visually impaired worldwide, 90% of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 In Nigeria, a LMIC, approximately 4.25 million adults are blind or visually impaired with over 80% of the blindness from avoidable causes.2 Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in Nigeria and is readily treatable by surgery. Refractive errors, which can readily be treated by spectacles, are the most common cause of visual impairment. However, the Nigerian national blindness survey showed that almost half of all eyes that had a procedure for cataract had been couched (a traditional procedure for clearing the visual axis as a treatment for cataract3), with poor visual outcomes and <5% of those with refractive errors had spectacles.4 5 Lack of accessible eye care services and lack of awareness of where to seek services are some of the reasons why patients remain visually impaired or seek unorthodox treatment, even though outcomes are poor.6

Other eye conditions which cause ocular morbidity for which access to eye care is needed include presbyopia (age-related decline in near vision), allergic/infective conjunctivitis and other conditions which may cause distress and warrant treatment at the primary …


AbstractA model external combustion engine with a piston, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the external heat bath obeys the generalised convective heat transfer law [q∝(ΔT)n], is studied in this paper. Effects of heat transfer laws on the optimisations of the engine for maximum work output are investigated. Numerical examples for the optimisations with Newton's (n = 1), Dulong–Petit (n = 5/4) and square convective (n = 2) heat transfer laws are provided respectively, and the obtained results are compared with each other. The results show that work output and efficiency of the optimal fully cyclic operation and optimal semicyclic operation decrease with the increase in heat conductance, and the work output, compression ratio and efficiency of the optimal semicyclic operation are larger than those of optimal fully cyclic operation. Although all of the curves of volume versus time of the optimal fully cyclic operation and the Euler–Lagrange arcs of the optimal semicyclic operation are...


Inspired by the idiotypic network theory, a new artificial immune network classifier for SAR image is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, only one B-cell instead of many B-cells is used to denote a class so as to reduce the scale of network as well as avoid the suppression operation between B-cells; moreover, a new affinity function based on the correct rate is proposed to realize antigen priority based the evaluation strategy. The proposed algorithm has been extensively compared with Fuzzy C-means (FCM), Multiple-Valued Immune Network algorithm (MVIN), and Clonal Selection Algorithm for classifier (CSA) over two SAR images. The result of experiment indicates the superiority of the algorithm over FCM, MVIN and CSA on classification accuracy and robustness.


Fourier transform (FT) Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were applied to the vibrational characterization of isoquinoline and 4-methylquinoline. The assignment of the vibrational modes was carried out on the basis of results obtained from density functional theory calculations. The comparison of SER spectra with the FT-Raman spectra reveals remarkable changes attributed to the chemical interaction between the molecules and the silver substrate. The SER spectra of the adsorbed molecules depend strongly on the pH conditions. Variation in SER spectra with change of pH is attributed to a change in orientation of the absorbed isoquinoline molecules with respect to the silver surface and to a change in the chemical nature of the 4-methylquinoline molecules. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study aims to analyze the influence of work-family conflict and Islamic work ethics on employee performance with work motivation as the mediating variable. The population of this study is female employees of Bank Jateng Syariah. The sampling technique is done using the purposive sampling method. The analysis test tool used in this study is path analysis. The result expected from this study is the analysis of the influence of work-family conflict and Islamic work ethics on employee performance with work motivation as the mediating variable. The results of this study show that work-family conflict has a negative and significant influence on work motivation and employee performance. On the other hand, Islamic work ethics is proven to have a positive and significant influence on work motivation and employee performance. This study also shows that work motivation is able to provide a significant mediating role.


Hamid A, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Short Communication: Biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1755-1762. Data on the biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) were still very limited. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of size, growth type, sex ratio and spawning season of C. anisodon in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Crab collection was conducted from May 2013 to March 2014 using a crab gillnet. The carapace width of males and females C. anisodon ranged between 3.05-7.61 cm and 3.45-7.98 cm, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed that width and length of carapace of males and females were significantly different (p<0.05). Type of growth of carapace width-body weight male and female were both allometric negative. Carapace length-body weight relationships of the males was isometric, but it was allometric negative for females. Spatially and temporally, the sex ratio of C. anisodon showed a variation, and the total sex ratio was 1: 0.38. The spawning season of C. anisodon tend to occur throughout the year.


Vulnerability of coconut plantations to climate change mainly depends on exposure (intensity of atmospheric or soil drought), adaptations and sensitivity (varieties). Climate change adaptation interventions provide a buffer against economic risk to minimize the economic vulnerability of the sector. As the fruit set of coconut is the most sensitive process to heat and water stress, the research conducted on the effect of short-term climate variability on fruit set related processes and possible adaptation options for its improvement are discussed in the paper. Thus, the research conducted on screening coconut varieties and coconut-based mixed cropping systems, with special emphasis on improving micro climate for coconut, identifying the level of competition for water and nutrients between coconut and intercrops, and estimating carbon sequestration potential of the systems as main adaptations to climate change effects, are highlighted in this paper. Strengthening research on adaptation measures to climate change and carrying out awareness programmes for growers to minimize the yield reduction due to heat and water stress (drought) are of utmost importance.


This letter presents and analyzes an absorptive filtering antenna design operating in the 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band. It consists of a two-port ring feeding circuit, a magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole), and a square metal loop. The two-port ring circuit integrates bandstop-type transmission performance. Within the stopband of this two-port ring circuit, two controllable transmission zeros are deliberately generated to prevent the input signal from transmitting from one port to the other. As a result, the antenna operates as an effective radiator within this band. However, at the upper band frequencies, the input signal transmits from one port to the other, and thus the antenna does not work efficiently. To further improve the out-of-band radiation suppression level, a square metal loop around the ME-dipole arms is used. Based on such a simple structure, a bandpass-type filtering radiation response is realized. For demonstration, a filtering antenna array for 5G mm-wave applications (n257/n258/n261 bands: 24.25–29.5 GHz) is implemented and tested as an example. The measured average in-band gain is about 11.5 dBi, and a better than 16 dB out-of-band radiation rejection level is achieved.


Attempts have been made to repair severed tendons right from the tenth century to the modern surgical era. In surgical suturings, the ancient Greeks are known to have used not only silk, hemp and catgut but also gold wire. It was Avicenna who strongly advocated tendon suture during the tenth century and since then surgeons all over the world have performed tendon sutures using thread, catgut, silk, nylon, and metallic sutures namely, vitallium, tantalum and stainless steel wires. More recently, animal experiments have been carried out using Polyester suture (Urbanik et al 1973). Horse hair was used by the ancient Hindu Surgeons in ano-rectal surgery especially for applying 'Knots' around piles, in Ophthalmic surgery for raising a Pterygium, besides being used for skin closure. Susruta (600 B.C.), the greatest surgeon of ancient India recommended the use of horsehair for treatment of wounds in the skull which was also approved by Vagbhata. May (1949) and Farquharson (1962) also mention horsehair for skin closure.


Presents the major approaches for achieving commercial security on the Internet, public key and key escrow. Discusses the implications of (US) legislation putting limitations on the type or strength of key it is best to employ for a given business. Presents the typical modes of delivering authentication and other services.


As the number of people with gait disorders increases, the demand for using wheelchairs increases and the area of a ctivity for people with disabilities expands, thereby they increasing the demand for riding comfortability in various driving environments. Therefore, this study is to develop an entry-level active suspension system that apply to wheelchairs and to evaluate its usability. The suspension applied in this paper consists of a coil spring, a shock absorber, a control module to control the strength of the shock absorber, and a road surface condition monitoring system. A wheelchair occupant secures the riding comfort by adjusting the coil strength of the shock absorber in 12 steps according to various road conditions. Therefore, the mechanical properties were evaluated through the structural analysis of the suspension system, and the tendency toward the magnitude of the road surface vibration attenuated according to the rigidity of the suspension through the vibration test was attempted. In conclusion, as a result of structural analysis of the suspension system, stress in a range lower than the yield strength of the material was generated, and the vibration test showed the effect of attenuating the vibration generated from the road surface when the stiffness of the suspension was adjusted.


Background and aims Children and young people on the autism spectrum frequently report a range of negative educational experiences and face disproportionally high rates of school non-attendance, including school avoidance and permanent exclusion, which can have a significant impact on their well-being as well as educational and broader life outcomes. To date, few studies have examined the full range of proximal (child, parent/family, school levels) and distal (community and society levels) barriers to ensuring the school attendance and the inclusion of autistic pupils. The current study sought to do just that by examining autistic young peoples' school non-attendance and exclusion experiences from the perspectives of multiple informants. Methods We recruited 12 autistic pupils, who had previously experienced school avoidance and/or exclusion, from one local authority in England, United Kingdom. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the young people themselves, ten of their parents, eight of their current teachers and nine local authority professionals, including six educational psychologists and three specialist autism teachers. We analyzed interviewees' responses using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Interviewees gave overwhelmingly negative accounts of autistic pupils' school non-attendance and exclusion experiences. Our analysis identified a range of school-related factors they felt led to, or exacerbated, negative experiences in their former mainstream schools, and which ultimately led to their or their children's school non-attendance. It also went further to identify distal factors, including fragmented educational experiences, parents "fighting" against a complex bureaucratic system to secure appropriate education for their children, and limited professional involvement. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of examining the broader context in which autistic pupils are embedded and demonstrate that such pupils are able to successfully attend—and even enjoy—school when they receive the appropriate care and support. Implications Schools and local authority professionals should seek to work in partnership with parents and autistic pupils to secure the necessary support for their inclusion in mainstream education. Government policy should support the provision of sufficient local authority professionals to adopt a more proactive approach to mitigate autistic pupils' avoidance of and exclusion from school.


Thank you very much for downloading the balanced scorecard translating strategy into action. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this the balanced scorecard translating strategy into action, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


The invention relates to a medicament for treating dysentery, which mainly takes Chinese herbal medicines such as garden burnet, coptis root, phellodendron bark, Chinese angelica, white peony root, licorice, white atractylodes rhizome, costus root and the like as raw materials. The preparation method comprises the steps of: decocting the raw materials with soft fire repeatedly, concentrating the decoction into thick paste, and then adding conventional auxiliary materials to prepare clinically acceptable tablets, capsules, pellets, particles, powder, injection or ointment. The medicament provided by the invention has the efficacies of warming the middle-jiao, clearing the bowels, regulating qi, eliminating stagnation, strengthening the middle-jiao and invigorating qi, and can be used for treating various types of dysentery.


The importance of nonlocal effects in radiative transfer in continuous spectra is shown in numerical modelling of space profiles of plasma temperature and Bremsstrahlung total power losses in a layer of adiabatically compressed hot dense plasma, via comparing the results of the exact, integral equation formalism and widely used approach of radiation temperature diffusion with Rosseland mean diffusion coefficient.


Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases in which the number of patients increases every year. Moreover, diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the risk for the development of other diseases. Therefore, the number of studies that address various aspects of the diagnosis and control of the processes of diabetes is increasing. Among such studies, an important place is taken by the analysis of the relationship between low and high density lipoprotein and antioxidant vitamins A, E, C. Such an analysis can be done using various analytical methods. This expands medical diagnostics and treatment options for diseases. The study was based on a sample of 300 patients with type 2 diabetes. For analysis, we used: correlation analysis and the wavelet coherence method. The values of wavelet coherence between low and high density lipoprotein and antioxidant vitamins A, E, C for different levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were obtained. This provides an explanation of the differences in the relationship between low and high density lipoprotein and antioxidant vitamins. Also a more consistent dynamics is observed between antioxidant vitamins A, E, C and HDL, taking into account changes in glycosylated hemoglobin levels. This is a key factor in understanding the greater correlations between antioxidant vitamins A, E, C, and HDL.


Proxy blind signature which combines the properties of both proxy signature and blind signature. In a proxy blind signature scheme, the proxy signer is allowed to generate a blind signature on behalf of the original signer. The proxy blind signature scheme is useful in several applications such as e-voting, e-payment and mobile agent environments. In this paper, we present an efficient proxy blind signature scheme based on discrete logarithm problem, which satisfies the secure properties of both the blind signature scheme and the proxy signature scheme with low computation. Analysis shows that our scheme is secure and efficient.


The dominance of information retrieval on the Web makes integrating and designing ontologies for the online Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) an attractive research area. In addition to domain ontology, some attempts have been recently made to integrate fuzzy set theory with ontology, to provide a solution to vague and uncertain information. This paper presents a framework for semantic search based on ontology enrichment and fuzziness (FuzzOntoEnrichIR). FuzzOntoEnrichIR main components are: (1) a fuzzy information retrieval component, (2) an incremental ontology enrichment component and (3) an ontology repository component. The framework aims on the one hand to capitalize and formulate extraction-ontology rules based on a meta-ontology. On the other hand, it aims to integrate the domain ontology enrichment and the fuzzy ontology building in the IR process. The framework has been implemented and experimented to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposal.


Climate change may affect bird populations both directly by changing the weather conditions, and indirectly through changes in the food chain. While both theoretical and empirical studies have shown climate change having drastic impacts on polar areas, its consequences on Arctic bird species are still poorly known. Here we investigated how weather and changes in predator-prey interactions affected the annual growth rates of sub-Arctic birds by monitoring the breeding numbers of three duck and seven wader species in the alpine tundra of Finnish Lapland during 2005-2015 (except for 2006). We hypothesized that growth rates of waterbirds would be positively associated with warm and dry weather due to improved reproductive success. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that water-birds have a higher reproductive success during the cyclic rodent peaks, when predators mainly prey on rodents, than during the decline and low phases of the cycle, when predation pressure towards waterbirds increases. Results showed that population growth rates of breeding ducks were negatively associated with the sum of rainfall in the previous year. In waders, growth rates were positively associated with the phase of the rodent cycle in the same year. Our results emphasize the importance of monitoring Arctic bird populations on their breeding areas to explore what the consequences of climate change might be for breeding waterbirds by linking the effects of both weather and rodent abundance. (Less)


The article is devoted to the analysis of such a cultural phenomenon of the Western-European literature as the mythopoetic image of Ship. An important part of Western-European literature, with the course of time Ship has transformed into its topoi. The article gives the analysis of the use of such terms as 'topoi' and 'image field' in connection with the image of Ship; it introduces two new terms which reveal a unique character of the image content and peculiarities of its functioning in literature - 'generative image field' and 'topoi-gene'; it also represents the components constituting the image field of Ship.


In the early second century BC, someone travelled from Oxyrhyncha to Ibion (Eikosipentarouron). A collapsed bridge made it impossible for him to reach his destination and he returned to Oxyrhyncha before leaving for Kaminoi instead (P.Tebt. Ill 753). A collapsed bridge was also an issue in 56/55 BC (BGU 1003), when Kerkesephis and Kaminoi agreed that the bridge was the responsibility of Kaminoi. All four settlements mentioned are located somewhere in the Graeco-Roman Meris of Polemon, but have so far remained unlocated. In this circumstance, most of the papyrological information above and information, which relies on a spatial context, loses some of its relevance. But the very same data can be used to reconstruct this lost spatial context and to locate ancient settlements. In two earlier studies on the settlement pattern in the Me ride s of Herakleides and Themistos, I argued that a combination of traditional papyrology and computer force can assist us in locating settlements. Here I suggest returning to my initial approach of applying non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS).


The differential effects of four task selection methods on training efficiency and transfer in a computer-based training for Air Traffic Control were investigated. Two personalised conditions were compared with two corresponding yoked control conditions. The hypothesis that personalised adaptive task selection leads to more efficient training than non-adaptive task selection was partially confirmed. However, the hypothesis that adaptive task selection based on personalised efficiency leads to more efficient training than adaptive task selection based on personalised preference was not supported. The results are discussed and suggestions are given for future research.


Jeffery, R., et al. 1998. Use of personal trainers and financial incentives to increase exercise in a behavioural weight-loss program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66(5): 777–783. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.777 Kjærsgaard, T. 2015. Enhancing motivation by use of prescription stimulants: The ethics of motivation enhancement. AJOB Neuroscience 6(1): 4–10.


Background: Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential in protecting women from the devastating effects of these infections. This is the first study that attempts to assess the knowledge about one of the most embarrassing diseases in women with Islamic Turkmen culture.Purpose: This study aimed to assess women's knowledge of STDs in Telafer City and its association with sociodemographic factors.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 451 women over 18 years old from Telfer City in Iraq. The study was conducted using a convenient sampling technique from 1 December 2021 to 15 June 2022. The study's data were collected using a STDs knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used to describe sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge of STDs among women. In addition, the inferential statistics of ANOVA and Fisher's exact test were used to determine the association between the women's characteristics and knowledge.  Results: The study signaled that the overall mean score of knowledge of STDs was (6.67±5.85). The vast majority of participants had a low level of knowledge about STDs (73.8%; n=333). Only about (14.4%; n=64) had moderate knowledge, and approximately (11.8%; n=53) of women were highly knowledgeable about STDs. The study also proved the presence of a statistically significant positive association between women's knowledge regarding STDs with marital status (p˂0.000) and educational level (p˂0.000).Conclusion: The majority of respondents showed low level of knowledge about STDs. Marital status and educational level were associated with this knowledge. This study necessitates the construction and employment of a women-tailored health education program about STDs in Iraq and Telafer City.


— Photomultiplier tubes (PMT) have been used extensively as the photodetector of choice in 12 scintillation based detectors for cold and thermal neutrons. However, the limitations of PMT based 13 scintillation neutron detectors such as their sensitivity to magnetic fields or their high operating voltages (> 14 1 kV) have triggered the search for alternative photodetectors for these applications. Silicon 15 photomultipliers (SiPM) operate in the single photon regime, have lower operating voltages (~ 20 - 70 V) 16 than PMTs and are insusceptible to magnetic field. Additional features of the SiPMs like their low 17 production cost, compactness and higher readout rates make them a potential candidate to replace the 18 photodetector part in these developments. Therefore, we are developing a scintillation neutron detector 19 based on SiPM technology. The detector prototype with an active detection area of 13 cm × 13 cm is aimed 20 to be used in the future at the TREFF instrument of the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching, 21 Germany, for neutron reflectometry experiments. In this paper, we report the detector concept, its 22 development and the simulation results for design optimization.


Objective:To explore the clinical significance of the expression of isolated isochromosome 17q in hematologic tumors.Method:Karyotype analysis was performed on the bone marrow samples of 172hematologic tumor patients.RT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)were applied to detect RARαgene rear- rangement and flow cytometry was used to detect immunophenotype of bone marrow cells of patients with isolated isochromosome 17q.We analyzed the clinical characteristics of such patients.Result:Twelve of 172patients were detected to carry isochromosome 17q.Nine of them were accompanied by other abnormalities and the other three cases were detected to carry only isolated isochromosome 17q.One of them was acute myeloid leukemia,one was myelodysplastic syndrome and the other one was chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia.Neither of them was detected to carry RARαgene rearrangement.All of them responded poorly to routine chemotherapy and the overall survival was 45days,4and 2months repectively.Conclusion:Isochromosome 17q is a rare cytogenetic abnormality in hema- tologic tumors and such patients usually have poor prognosis.


As forces are withdrawn from Iraq, the United States should resist the temptation to increase or redeploy troops to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. The United States can deter Iran and reassure its GCC allies by other means without expanding military bases.


Background: Self-medication is consumption of medicines without consulting a physician. The present study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among medical students and to compare impact of pharmacology teaching among them. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative questionnaire-based study was conducted among 200 II MBBS and III MBBS students. Data was collected and analyzed. Results: 90.91% II MBBS students and 85.97% III MBBS students practiced self-medication. The commonest reason cited for self-medication among both the groups was minor ailments and intention to get quick relief. The commonest indication for self-medication was common cold and fever. The commonly used drugs were analgesics followed by cough remedies and antibiotics. Our study showed that the knowledge about generic and trade name, package inserts, course of treatment and adverse effects was more among third year students who had completed pharmacology curriculum. Hence the Pharmacology teaching equips the student with better knowledge to choose a drug for selfmedication. Only 4.54% of II MBBS students and 13.79% of III MBBS students agreed on the practice of selfmedication. Majority believed that medical education is necessary for better administration of self-medication. Both II and III year MBBS students opine that growing trend of self-medication can be prevented by prevention of supply of medicines without prescriptions and education. Conclusions: Our study shows the positive impact of pharmacology curriculum on the knowledge attitude and practice of self medication among medical students.


The Monticello BWR Pilot Plant Life Extension Program was initiated in 1985 to examine in some detail the technical and economic viability of life extension for an operating nuclear power plant. The scope of the Phase 1 study was the identification, importance ranking and life assessment of the critical plant components. Results of this initial phase were reported in EPRI Report NP-5181 and provided the basic encouragement to embark on a generic effort and formulation of the Nuclear Utility Plant Life Extension Program (NUPLEX). The Phase 1 conclusions, based on the initial 27 critical component assessments, contained a number of qualifiers and assumptions with respect to the remaining plant components. To verify the earlier assumptions and to expand the technical bases for a planned future license renewal process, the scope of the Phase 2 program was chosen to include evaluation of essentially all remaining plant components and structures and to supplement the technical assessments with in-plant inspections and component condition assessments. In the course of the Phase 2 assessments, the maintenance aspect of life extension was evaluated and a comprehensive listing was developed of anticipated or recommended life extension activities. Even though the evaluations were limited to the Monticello uniquemore » components and operating history, the plant is substantially generic and representative of many other operating BWR's, such that a significant value can be derived in the planning phase for other similar plants wishing to commence with longer term preparation for license renewal. 2 refs., 15 figs., 36 tabs.« less


Small Indian software firms employ widely varying profiles of manpower. Manpower is the most important resource of such firms. Variatioiis in resources cannot be suitably defined by a resource perspective on strategy. This paper argues that software firms follow emergent strategies. Resource strategy and business strategy of a firm in the software industry are influenced by a process perspective. Firms employ quality of manpower to leverage emergent market disequilibria.


In this paper we describe simple design of a kaleidoscope used for measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function with aim to obtain the bidirectional texture function of various surface samples. The first prototype of the kaleidoscope was designed in symmetrical configuration with four tapered mirror walls. We discuss the influence of different design parameters with respect to expected results. The proposed kaleidoscope was manufactured and his performance evaluated.


Introduction: Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) is a useful technique to non-invasively determine metabolic concentrations over a small, localized area in the human brain. The metabolic concentrations often infer valuable information concerning the health of the tissue within the H-MRS voxel, making it a desired tool when studying neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia (SZ) is a particularly debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder in which H-MRS studies have previously implicated a role for glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its precursor glutamine (Gln)[1]. Most of these studies assume a somewhat constant metabolic concentration over the duration of the acquisition, however, recent studies have demonstrated that certain metabolites, including Glu, will have significantly altered concentrations when the tissue contained within the H-MRS voxel is in a state of functional activation [2,3,4]. It makes sense that an abnormality in Glu or Glu could manifest itself via a concentration change during functional activation. It is therefore of interest to quantitatively examine the dynamic regulation of Glu in SZ upon localized functional H-MRS (fMRS) activation. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) has previously been implicated in SZ through both H-MRS studies [1] and fMRI studies involving the Stroop Task [5], making it a prime area to observe fMRS in SZ.


Introduction The past decade has been remarkably productive in the history of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) research. Since 2009, results of 9 prospective phase III studies have been published, 7 of which met their primary endpoint (Table). These studies have dramatically altered the treatment landscape. The field of NET research, formerly dominated by anecdotal information, is now guided by principles of evidence-based medicine. When considering these innovations, it is important to recognize that NETs are a highly diverse family of neoplasms that can be categorized using multiple criteria. These include primary site (eg, small intestinal, pancreatic, colorectal, or bronchopulmonary), tumor grade (low, intermediate, and high), morphologic differentiation, hormonal output (functioning or nonfunctioning), extent of disease (localized, liver-dominant, or widely metastatic), and somatostatin receptor expression. While some therapies have been studied in broad categories of NETs, others have been designed to target very specific populations. The somatostatin analogs (SSAs) octreotide and lanreotide remain the cornerstone treatment for most well-differentiated, somatostatin-receptor–expressing metastatic NETs. Initially designed to palliate hormonal symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea associated with the carcinoid syndrome, both SSAs were subsequently found to inhibit tumor growth. This property, also known as the "antiproliferative effect" of SSAs, was demonstrated in 2 landmark studies: the PROMID study, which randomized patients with well-differentiated midgut NETs to receive octreotide long-acting release (LAR) versus placebo, and the CLARINET study, which evaluated lanreotide versus placebo in a more heterogeneous population of patients with nonfunctioning enteropancreatic NETs. In this review, we will focus on subsequent lines of therapy: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition, using everolimus; antiangiogenic therapy, with a focus on sunitinib and bevacizumab; peptide receptor radiotherapy, using yttriumand lutetium-labeled somatostatin analogs; temozolomide-based cytotoxic chemotherapy; and telotristat, a novel serotonin synthesis inhibitor. Although liver-directed therapy remains highly important for patients with liver-dominant metastases, it is outside the scope of this review.


BACKGROUND
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a novel viral pneumonia (COVID-19), which is rapidly spreading in the world. The positive result of nucleic acid test is a golden criterion to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the detection features remain unclear.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis in 5,630 high-risk individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in Wuhan, China, and investigated their characteristics and diagnosis rates.

RESULTS
The overall diagnosis rate was 34.7% (1,952/5,630). Male (P = 0.025) and older age (P = 2.525 × 10-39) were two significant risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. People were generally susceptible, and most cases concentrated in people of 30- to 69-years-old. Besides, we investigated the association between diagnosis rate and the number of testing in 501 subjects. Results revealed a 1.27-fold improvement (35.5%/27.9%) of diagnosis rate from testing once to twice (P = 5.847 × 10-9), and a 1.43-fold improvement (39.9%/27.9%) from testing once to three times (P = 7.797 × 10-14). More than three testing times was not helpful for further improvement. However, this improvement was not observed in subjects with pneumonia (P = 0.097).

CONCLUSION
All populations are susceptible to SARS-Cov-2 infection, and male and older age are two significant risk factors. Increasing the number of testing could significantly improve diagnosis rates, except for subjects with pneumonia. It is recommended to test twice in those high-risk individuals whose results are negative for the first time, and to perform three testing times is better if available.


The inclusion of the linearized J 2 effect in the Hill equations of relative motion gives greater insight into satellite formation flying dynamics, and the opportunity to investigate alternative feedback control strategies for the station keeping task. Th


Due to the limitations of data integration in EAI,the requirements for practical application in enterprise information construction are analyzed,and a method is proposed to intergrate data based on component and message agent mode.At last,the key technologies in data integration are studied.


Rollators are widely used by people with mobility problems, but previous studies have been limited to self-report approaches when evaluating their real-world effectiveness. To support studies based on more robust datasets, a method to estimate mobility parameters, such as gait speed and distance traveled, in the real world is needed. Body-worn sensors offer one approach to the problem, but rollator-mounted sensors have some practical advantages providing direct insight into patterns of walking device used, an under-researched area. We present a novel method to estimate speed and distance traveled from a single rollator-mounted IMU. The method was developed using data collected from ten rollator users performing a series of walking tasks including obstacle negotiation. The IMU data is first pre-processed to account for noise, orientation offset, and rotation-induced accelerations. The method then uses a two-stage approach. First, activity classification is used to separate the rollator data into one of three classes (movement, turning, or other). Subsequently, the speed of movement and distance traveled is estimated, using a separate estimation model for each of the three classes. The results showed high classification accuracy (precision, recall, and F1 statistics all >0.9). Speed estimation showed mean absolute errors below 0.2 m/s. Estimates for distance traveled showed errors which ranged from 5% (straight line walking) to over 70%. The results showed some promise but further work with a larger data set is needed to confirm the performance of our approach.


Research on punching press cracking of economizer expansion plate was carried out by means of physical and chemical tests and also deformation analysis. It was shown that there existed some problem in meterial substitution of expansion plate. Failure in tensile property of the substitution material is the major cause of punch-cracking. It is suggested to use low silicon content material such as Q23AF for expansion plate. For the existed materials which can not be changed, it is suggested to treat by annealing before puching or punching twice to decrease deformation.


General Expenditures from the University System of Maryland Endowment Fund shall not generally be made for ordinary operating expenses. The Endowment Fund shall be used, instead, for designated purposes, such as scholarships, special grants, and research projects. Since costs of these activities can be expected to be affected by increases in the cost of living, the following guidelines are established: 1. The Endowment Fund spending policy is framed with a view to preserve purchasing power of the fund assets over time; to protect against erosion of nominal principal; and to promote stability and predictability of annual budgeting. 2. In calculating the distributions as detailed below, a general constraint or limitation will be that distributions will be made only to the extent that the individual gift or fund will not be reduced below its original value. 3. The implementation of the Endowment Fund spending policy will span two phases: a transitional phase comprising fiscal years 2014 through 2018, and a permanent phase beginning in fiscal year 2018 and extending into the indefinite future. The procedures for determining the annual per share (or unit) distributions in each phase are as follows: TRANSITION PHASE (FY 2014 through 2018) a) The target long-term spending rate is 4.65%, a target rate that is to be reduced by .10% each year until it reaches a target rate of 4.25% for FY 2018, applied to the endowment market value basis. The endowment market value basis is the simple average of the per share market values of the 12 quarters running through the fiscal year immediately preceding the year of distribution. b) Each year, the per share distribution is the prior year's distribution increased by an inflation rate of 2%, subject to the following limitations: I. If this calculation, upon substantial decline in the market value, produces a per share distribution exceeding 5.0% in fiscal year 2014, a ceiling which is to reduced by .10% each year until it reaches a level of 4.5% of the endowment market value basis, the current per share distribution is the lesser of the ceiling rate applied against the market value basis or the previous Year's amount.


This thesis comprises railway innovation in the 19th century, railway regulation, recent
railway reforms across Europe and a theoretical analysis. The historical study is
complemented by an investigation of the rationale for extensive regulations and eventual
nationalisation of railway systems. The nationalisation schemes granted exclusive rights to
public undertakings to provide a public railway and sometimes more extensive transport
services. Notwithstanding subsidies and a protectionist railway policy, the railways could
not compete successfully with other modes of transport; the railway industry's market
share steadily declined across the European Community. As a result the European
Community passed legislation to reverse the deteriorating trend. This legislation and its
national interpretations are evaluated before proceeding to brief case studies of the railway
liberalisation undertaken in France, the Netherlands and Sweden; the German and British
approaches to railway reform are then analysed in greater detail. Arguing that liberalisation
was often a watered down version of privatisation schemes that had been compromised in
the political process, the thesis develops an alternative model of privatisation, centred on a
concept of market-based integration and a competitive railway market. It is proposed that
the current crisis on the British railways and the slow progress of railways in other
countries could be resolved by means of this concept.


Novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked β-lactam–fluconazole conjugates 12(a–l) were designed and synthesized. The compounds showed potent antifungal activity against two pathogenic Candida strains; Candida albicans ATCC 24433 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with MIC values in the range of 0.0625–2 μg mL−1. Compounds 12h, 12j and 12k showed promising antifungal activity against all the tested fungal pathogens except C. neoformans ATCC 34554 compared to fluconazole. Compound 12j in which the β-lactam ring was formed using para-anisidine and benzaldehyde was found to be more potent than fluconazole against all the fungal strains with an IC50 value of <0.015 μg mL−1 for Candida albicans (ATCC 24433). Mechanistic studies for active compounds revealed that the antifungal action was due to ergosterol inhibition. Compounds 12h and 12j at a concentration of 0.125 μg mL−1 caused 91.5 and 96.8% ergosterol depletion, respectively, compared to fluconazole which at the same concentration caused 49% ergosterol depletion. The molecular docking study revealed that all the fluconazole β-lactam conjugates 12(a–l) could snugly fit into the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) with varying degrees of affinities. As anticipated, the binding energy for compound 12j (−58.961 kcal mol−1) was much smaller than that for fluconazole (−52.92 kcal mol−1). The synthesized compounds have therapeutic potential for the control of candidemia.


Abstract Derivatives of 6-chloro-4-phenyl-3-carboxymethyl-2- quinolone and 6-chloro-4-phenyl-2,3-substituted quinolines were prepared and evaluated as CNS depressants and as antibacterial agents. The compounds had no CNS activity. The quinolyl acetamides exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


The philosopher's return to the public policy arena after his long battle with positivism has been understandably hesitant. The description offered by Marcuse in 1968 of a discipline obsessed with poking at tiny scraps of the world is judged no longer accurate. "The death of ethical and political argument over important public questions was only temporary."l It is difficult to think of a major policy or ethical dispute in American politics that has not been subjected to the scrutiny of philosphical analysis-capital punishment, affirmative action, income distribution, civil disobedience, conscientious objection, IQ measurement, vivisection, sexism, pacifism, racism among them. There will be no attempt here to evaluate the general philosophical effort to clarifying public policy in general. We will focus on one issue which has received a great deal of attention-abortion-and suggest that it raises serious doubts concerning the viability of philosophy's recent excursion into public policy. The contribution that political theory might provide to this question will also be explored. Five essays provide the basis for our analysis. Judith Thomson's discussion of the


According to the complexity,multi-indeterminacy and un-described nonlinear of feedwater automatic adding medicament process in thermal power plant,this paper introduces a new control strategy combining fuzzy control and conventional PID,designed self-adaptive fuzzy PID control model,simulation is studied by collecting the historical data from field engineering.And the simulation results illustrate that the method can settle the delay and nonlinear question of PH neutralizing process effectively.


INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this ecological study was to evaluate the urban spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Ribeirao Preto, Southeast Brazil, between the years of 2006 and 2009 and to evaluate its relationship with factors of social vulnerability such as income and education level. METHODS: We evaluated data from TBWeb, an electronic system for notifying TB cases. Measures of social vulnerability were obtained from SEADE Foundation and information about number of inhabitants, education and income of the householders were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted by a Bayesian regression model assuming a Poisson distribution for the observed new cases of TB in each area. A conditional autoregressive (CAR) structure was used for the spatial covariance structure RESULTS: The Bayesian model confirmed the spatial heterogeneity of TB distribution in Ribeirao Preto identifying areas with elevated risk and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease. It was evidenced that the rate of TB was correlated with the measures of income, education and social vulnerability. However, it was observed areas with low vulnerability level and high education and income levels, but high estimated TB rates. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified areas with different risks for TB, allowing that the public health system deals with the characteristics of each region and prioritizes those that present higher propensity to risk of TB. Complex relationships may exist among TB incidence and a wide range of environmental and intrinsic factors, which need to be studied in future research.


Translatability was first put forward by some theorists from the school of linguistics in some western translation theories,in which even now many scholars are still greatly interested.Based on translatability,the authors attempt to analyze the similarities and the differences of the two languages.At the same time,the limitation of translatability in some rhetorical devices,such as alliteration,pun,palindrome and paregmenon will be discussed and some methods and skills of translation will then be presented here.


—As two fundamental representation modalities of 3D objects, 2D multi-view images and 3D point clouds reflect shape information from different aspects of visual appearances and geometric structures. Unlike deep learning-based 2D multi-view image modeling, which demonstrates leading performances in various 3D shape analysis tasks, 3D point cloud-based geometric modeling still suffers from insufficient learning capacity. In this paper, we innovatively construct a unified cross-modal knowledge transfer framework, which distills discriminative visual descriptors of 2D images into geometric descriptors of 3D point clouds. Technically, under a classic teacher-student learning paradigm, we propose multi-view vision-to-geometry distillation, consisting of a deep 2D image encoder as teacher and a deep 3D point cloud encoder as student. To achieve heterogeneous feature alignment, we further propose visibility-aware feature projection, through which per-point embeddings can be aggregated into multi-view geometric descriptors. Extensive experiments on 3D shape classification, part segmentation, and unsupervised learning validate the superiority of our method. We will make the code and data publicly available.


The cadmium-photosensitized decomposition of acetone has been studied and compared with the 3261 A direct photolysis at 270±1°C. The data could be consistently explained by the following reaction mechanism: & Cd(^3P_1)+CH_3COCH_3→Cd+^3A^*\labeleq1 & ^3A^*→2CH_3+CO\labeleq2 & CH_3+CH_3COCH_3→CH_4+CH_3COCH_2\labeleq3 & 2CH_3→C_2H_6\labeleq4 & CH_3+CH_3COCH_2→C_2H_5COCH_3\labeleq5 & 2CH_3COCH_3→(CH_3COCH_2)_2\labeleq6 The mechanism from (2) to (6) is exactly the same as that proposed for the 3130 A direct photolysis at temperatures higher than 100°C. By using the cis-trans isomerization of 2-butene as the actinometer, the quantum yield of the photosensitized decomposition of acetone was estimated to be 0.3. Kinetic analysis showed that the energy-rich ethane produced by the recombination reaction (4) has the lifetime of 2×10−8 sec at 270°C.


A 37-year-old man presented with primary infertility of 12 months' duration. His current partner wife was 30 years old and had not undergone a fertility evaluation. The couple had been having properly timed and unprotected intercourse for 12 months. The patient denied any sexual dysfunction. He had no past medical history, never had surgery, and did not take any medications. He denied smoking or using illicit drugs and had no relevant family history. He worked as a physician and denied genital trauma or exposure to toxic or radioactive agents.


Reflow bonding of borosilicate glass tubes to silicon wafers is a technology which has significant potential for microfluidic applications. The borosilicate glass tubes are designed to be used as an interface and package for wafer-level microfluidic devices. The strength of the resulting package has been tested by pressurizing it to failure. Failure occurred in the glass and the silicon adjacent to the bond, rather than along the bond itself. The bond formed is hermetic. The only leakage when testing the hermeticity of these bonds over a period of 1 month was due to gas diffusion through the glass. An unintended aspect of the heat treatments used for the reflow bonding was surface crystallization of the glass arising from heterogeneous nucleation and growth of cristobalite crystals. The bulk of the borosilicate glass remained unaffected by crystallization. For sufficiently large cristobalite crystals, microcracking occurred on the tube surface. Pressure test results indicated that the microcracking is not detrimental to the viability of this joining technology for microfluidic interconnections.


Four species in the order Dictyotales (Dictyopteris latiuscula (Okamura) Okamura, D. prolifera (Okamura) Okamura, D. repens (Okamura) Børgesen, and Spatoglossum crassum J. Tanaka) were found to be highly acidic as in some species of the order Desmarestiales (Phaeophyceae). The pH within their cells, presumably that of the vacuole, was estimated to be 0.5 to 0.9 by pH measurements of their cell extracts in distilled water. However, other species of these genera (D. divaricata (Okamura) Okamura, D. undulata Holmes, and S. pacificum Yendo) did not show high acidity. Ion chromatography of the cell extracts showed that those species contained high concentrations of SO within their cells, up to 10 times that in seawater but relatively low Cl−. The sum of cations examined (Na+, NH, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) was significantly lower than that of anions (Cl−, Br−, NO, SO), and the difference is presumed to represent protons (H+), causing the extremely low cell sap pH. Estimated cellular proton concentrations calculated from the pH data roughly agreed with those calculated from differences between the sum of cations and anions and that of anions. Although certain other, nonacidic, dictyotalean species also contained high concentrations of SO, these species contained high concentrations of Mg2+, and the sums of cations and anions were balanced.


Abstract The angular dependence of the surface anchoring energy of the nematic liquid crystal 5CB on a bistable surface is measured using a twist-cell method. Anchoring bistability is obtained by a grazing SiO evaporation on glass. The data obtained are in good agreement with the simplest fourth order expansion in terms of the order parameter. The bistable anchoring is weak.


In the binuclear title complex, [W2O(C5H5)2(C5H6)(CO)2], the W centres are bridged by a 1,4-pentadien-1,4-diyl ligand. The W—W distance of 2.9426 (5) A is in accord with a W—W single bond, the W—O distance of 1.678 (5) A corresponds to a W=O double bond.


In regard to the histopathological changes in the case of infectious anemia, in horses, at has been recognized that the active changes in the reticulo-endothelial system, thatis, the swelling, the proliferation and the hemosiderosis of the R.E.S. are observed togetherwith great destruction of the red corpuscles, especially in the liver and spleen etc..""It was found by means of our new complement fixation test" that the ferritin whichwas originally the storage iron in the reticulo-endothelial system, was contained in thesera of the jugular veins of horses having infectious anemia.It may be considered that such observation of the free ferritin in the sera meansthe degeneration and the collapse of the reticulo-endothelial system, mainly in the spleen, next in the liver and the bone marrow.In this report, from such a consideration, we made observations on the correlation.among the complement fixation tests on free ferritin in tlte sera, the histopathologicalchanges and the progress of the disease, mainly in the case of infectious anemia inhorses.lhe results are summarized as follows :I) Both, in the horses from the slaughter-house, having infectious anemia, and inthe artificially anemia-infected horses, it was found that the prosperity and decline ofthe free ferritin was very closely related to the histopathological changes in the reticulo-.endothelial system, especially in the liver and spleen, that is, the swelling and prolife-ration of the R.E.S., the appearance of siderocytes and lymphoid cells, and the distensionof capillaries. Cf. Table I & Table 2.2) In the artificially anemia-infected horses, the complement fixation tests on thefree ferritin were negative during the incubation period after the inoculation of equineinfectious anerruia virus, but the complement fixation tests vvere changed into the positivereaction without exception as soon as the horses had an attack of fever due to theactivities of the virus and carrte to indicate rapidly higher" positive reactions with febrilerises of the temperatture. Theru, the reactiouts became weak with comparative rapiditywith the fall of the temperature, but indicated weak positive reactions continuously fora comparatively long period after the fall of the temperature.Furthermore, it was found that the prosperity and dec[ir?e of free ferritin in thecase of infectious anemia in horses followed the same tetrden?cies as the slightness andseriousness of the clinical changes in the diseased horses. Cf. Table 3, Fig. l, Fig. 2& Fig. 3.3) The free ferritin in the serum was observed and comfirmecl as the crystal bycentrifuga, tion at 40000 r.p.m. -105500 g for one hour and the addition of CdS0) for theC.F.T.-positive substance in the serurn of the jugular vein of the artificially anemia-infectedhorse in the dura.tion of the febrile attacks. Cf. Fir. 3 & Plate II.4) The complement fixation tests on the free ferritin were negative irr almost allthe healthy horses that were genera, fly normal histopathologically. Cf. Table 4.From the above experimenta.l results, it is considered that the cornplerrternt fixationtest 011 the free ferritirt may become a method for the supplementary diagnosis of asyndrome that is accomparried by the swelling, the proliferation, the degeneration andthe collaps xxith hemosiderosis of the reticuro-endothelial system, especially, in the liverand spleen, avtd also that tlte complement fixation test may become a sensitive means bywhich we may be able to presume, indirPlate IIFig. 9. The liver of artificially are-mia-infected horse in the fever paroxysm (by the liver puncture).-T.U. 1.Free Ferritin C.F.T. 1:240, H.E.stain. X200Fig. 10. The liver of artificially anemia-infected horse immediately after the fever paroxysm (by theliwer puncture). -T.U. 1.Free Ferritin-C.F.T. 1:3, I4.E.stain. X200Fig. [the rest omitted]


Pigeons' pecks on both a red (left-hand) and a striped (right-hand) response key were reinforced on a concurrent variable-interval 2-min. schedule until the proportion of responses given to each key had stabilized. In alternate sessions, the right-hand key was covered, while responding to a green stimulus on the left-hand key was reinforced on variable-interval 1-min. When responding to green was later extinguished, more responses were made to the striped key in reinforcement sessions, although the rate of responding to the other, red key increased. Replacing extinction during green by reinforcement returned the preference and the response rates to their previous levels. These results are compared with a previous experiment in which the striped key was not present, where a similar increase in response rate to red was observed after extinction on green. The shift in preference coupled with the usual contrast effect in the present experiment supports an interpretation of behavioural contrast in terms of the frustrative effects of extinction.


O cyanoethylchitosan was prepared at room temperature using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Solubility of O cyanoethylchitosan was prior to chitosan. While it dissolved, O cyanoethylchitosan formed typical cholesteric liquid crystalline texturefingerprint texture. The fingerprint texture can be frozen in films casted from 5% aqueous acetic acid solution. The droplet texture of positive birefriengence can also be observed in these films. Critical concentrations of cyanoethylchitosan in four acidic solvents were determined using polarized microscopy. All critical concentration values were in the range of 19%~20%(volume fraction), independing of the acidity of solvents.


This paper briefly reviews the evolution of composite codes in the USA in the context of important changes for the 2022 edition of the American steel design specification for buildings Major changes include the incorporation of composite walls as a new type of composite member, the addition of new provisions for shear capacity of filled members, and the introduction of a performance‐based procedure for qualifying new types of anchors. An appendix also allows for the use of high strength materials for concrete filled rectangular members. The paper then describes the write's opinion on (1) important issues that need to be addressed on the direction of future codes, (2) areas where more research work is needed to provide more consistent and simpler design rules and (3) the desirability of including additional topics into the main specification.


Media status user interface (UI), the time through the section and the second visual elements of recorded content in the past corresponding to the content before the current viewing position in the time sequence via the first visual element It shows a section of content to be recorded in the future corresponding to the content that is later than the current viewing position in the sequence. The first and second visual element, for example, by presenting a respective visual elements in a contrasting color is visually distinguishable. It ends adjacent visual elements are joined to one interface. This interface is visually representative of the current viewing position within the media content. Third visual element in the form of a position indicator, tracks the current viewing position in the interface, to provide additional information relating to the reproduction, and other operations of the media content.


The implementation of inverse kinematics and servo controller for robot manipulator using FPGA (field programmer gate array) is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model and the servo controller of robot manipulator are described. Secondly, the inverse kinematics is formulated. Thirdly, the circuit design to implement the function of inverse kinematics and servo controller based on FPGA is introduced. To reduce the usage of the logic elements (LEs) in FPGA, a finite state machine (FSM) method by overall 42 steps to implement the computation of inverse kinematics is applied. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed design circuits, an experimental system consisted by the proposed FPGA-based motion controller and a Mitsubishi RV-M1 micro robot are set up and some experimental results are demonstrated the correctness and effectiveness.


Objective To study the effect of antihypertensive treatment combined with rosuvastatin on carotid artery artherosclerosis in hyertensive patient.Methods The 62 hyertensive patients were randomly divided into routine antihypertensive treatment combined with rosuvastatin group and routine antihypertensive group.The patients received rosuvastatin 10~20mg every night for 6 months.Intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid artery、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C were determind before and after treatment.Resluts The IMT of carotid artery、TC、TG、LDL-C decreased significantly,HDL-C significantly increased in treatment group after 6 months.While in group B,those indexes were not significantly different.Compared with A group,they had significangtly different(P0.05).Conclusion Routine antihypertensive treatment combined with rosuvastatin can reverse carotid artery artherosclerosis in hyertensive patient.


To the Editor: The letter to the editor titled "Levels of Reduction" by Eugene Michels (December 1994) talks of the difficulty faced by physical therapists in "finding the grail from which will come solutions for the persisting motor problems of persons with damaged or incompletely developed central nervous systems." 1(p1138) In this ambitious endeavor, Michels argues that physical therapists should not rely solely on theoretical arguments that reduce the clinical decision-making process to consideration of "black-box" concepts such as the motor program, but use "observable levels of reduction" to fashion clinical practice.

We clearly agree with Michels that clinical decision making should not be confined to the consideration of theory at the expense of observing, measuring, and recording motor behavior in persons with brain disorders. The purpose of our article2 was not to advocate that observation should be abandoned in favor of approaches driven solely by theory.…

[ ARTICLE][1]

[ ARTICLE][2]

 [1]: /lookup/volpage/74/1138?iss=12
 [2]: /lookup/volpage/74/738?iss=8


A turbine engine multi-mission propulsion simulator, capable of representing inlet/airframe/nozzle flowfield interactions for supersonic V/STOL aircraft wind tunnel models, is described. The propulsion simulator replaces conventional aero flow-through and jet effects models with a single model; flow field interactions modeled by the simulator may include close-coupled inlets and nozzles, non-axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzles, and forward canards mounted near the inlets and wings. Wind tunnel tests of the simulation system at Mach numbers up to 1.2 are reported for a model typical of a F-15 aircraft installation. The possibility of applying the simulator to advanced V/STOL design programs is also discussed.


This paper describes the continuing work on hardware development of a pulse compression radar signal processing system, with application to the evaluation of low cost radar signal processing. The aim of this work is to design a flexible hardware platform which can be used to develop radar detection algorithms incorporating pulse compression. The flexibility permits the use of multiple types and lengths of codes available for phase coded pulse compression. To facilitate testing of the instrumentation system, a hardware simulator has been developed. The hardware implementation uses INMOS A100 digital signal processors, a transputer and Altera EPLDs. The A100 was selected due to its speed and ease of cascading. To facilitate algorithm development and analyses of results, National Instruments Labview is used as an operating environment. (5 pages)


Abstract : The feasibility of using a pendulous integrating gyro accelerometer with a digital encoder pickoff in a leveling scheme for an inertial platform is studied. A pendulum is suggested to partially level the platform, then a precision servo loop utilizing a horizontal accelerometer will accurately level the platform. An analog computer simulation is made of the overall system and conclusions are drawn from this study. (Author)


This paper discusses various forms of hermetic storage and transport, which preserve dried commodities such as grains (rice, maize, beans, wheat), silage, coffee, cocoa and seeds. Discussed are its limitations, and the expanding needs of 5 continents and 90 countries that use hermetic storage. Hermetic storage has proven especially effective in hot, humid climates to combat frequent, devastating post harvest losses and prevent the growth of mold related aflatoxins, a major public health hazard. With hermetic storage systems, post harvest losses are reduced to < 1% in hot, humid climates; this is in marked contrast to conventional storage systems requiring pesticides or refrigeration, which often reach 25% losses or more. Scientific information based on insect and commodity respiration, as well as the use of injected CO2 (in some cases) to more rapidly decrease oxygen levels, is now a superior alternative to refrigeration for multi-month seed preservation. Finally, the paper addresses the cost effectiveness of hermetic storage versus alternative storage systems.


The purpose of this study was to review evidence-based research studies specific to oral care in critical care and its relationship to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Twenty articles were analyzed. Results showed a pattern of 4 themes: (1) oral care practices, (2) deviation from practices, (3) interventions, and (4) documentation. Results are varied across the articles reviewed, although some pattern of essential oral care was revealed as crucial to the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.


The consultation sought to map young people's secure journey ie. their experiences and views of secure care from admission through to final discharge, including the transition from secure care and the services they received to assist them in that transition. It centred on four broad themes intended to elicit young people's individual experiences and perceptions regarding: admission to secure care, time in secure care, exit from secure care, and reflections once left secure care.


Several methods have been suggested to address the identification of security requirements for information systems (IS) from risk analysis or not. To the best of our knowledge, there is no methodology that enables the derivation in a formal way of security requirements starting from risk analysis. The aim of this paper is to provide a guiding method allowing us to determine security requirements based on risk analysis. To achieve this objective, we propose to align the concepts of assets, risks to those of security requirements through the use of three ontologies: assets, risks and security requirements. The alignment of the three ontologies is based on best practices in the security domain. In addition to the description of guiding method, we detail, in this paper, the approaches used for the construction and alignment of the three ontologies.


I do not enjoy living in dull and grey cities. Do you? Have you noticed that toys for kids are generally very shiny and colourful? I wonder why that is, given that they are to be brought up to live in mostly dull and grey cities as adults. Since I lived in many of such cities, I am seeking to improve the appearance of public spaces in different ways, in terms of what I consider improvement. Dispatchwork aims to seal fissures in broken walls worldwide, completing the material compilation in urban constructing and adding colour to the urban greyscales, by inserting a very basic construction material: Plastic Construction Bricks (PCBs). In fact, PCBs are one of the first materials with which we conceive architecture. PCBs are solid and stiff and shape up perfectly rectangular yet, concerning the essential structure, they contradict the purpose, given that the repair is just so very temporary, with the patches crumbling out of the walls in a matter of no time, being taken or washed away. Dispatchwork does not defy deterioration. Rather, it aims to emphasize transitoriness as a chance for the construction and reconstruction of our environments. Adapting to various cities, the project infiltrates walls of cultural heritage, historic facades, fortifications and yet many more less spectacular corners as a colourful repair of shabby walls within our shared spaces. Dispatchwork contradicts and satirizes the superimposed seriosity of constructions in the cityscape. Within all that rigidity and stiffness there are plenty of chances for your own creativity. The project also aims to put the focus on the playful, hands-on aspects of creation in our daily lives, and further, on the possibilities for participation to construe and design our own reality. www.dispatchwork.info www.janvormann.com


The cable supporting is an economic and reasonable supporting way.It is technologically advanced and safely dependable.It applies to repairing tunnel.Economic affects are obtained in the application and dissemination.


Immunoreactive Tn is a pancarcinoma epitope resulting from aberrant glycosylation of mucins in primary carcinomas and their metastases; strong Tn epitope expression is associated with poor prognosis.


gations, including complete blood count, liver and renal function, autoimmune screen and calcium metabolism revealed slight anemia, leukocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The serologically defined class I antigen was HLA A24, B35, 58, CW07, 12. Initially, the child had been treated with oral prednisone, antihistamines and antibiotics, and topical application of steroids and emollients, with no relief. When she was 11 months old, she was treated with CyA at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, titrated up to 4 mg/kg/day, with improvement of the skin lesions after 3 months. She experienced transitory improvement of the lesions with CyA, administered over a 2-year period and complemented with acitretin for 3 months (0.3 mg/kg/day), but she relapsed frequently on tapering the dose. At the age of 3 years, the child had a flare, with multiple exsudative and erythematosquamous plaques involving the entire cutaneous surface. The plaques were studded with pustules in various stages of development, some containing a fluid level. Onychodystrophy remained total and complete ( fig. 1 ). In view of the lack of response to the last course of cyclosporine, therapy with infliximab was instituted at a dose of 75 mg (5 mg/ kg) at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and then every 7 weeks thereafter. Just two weeks after the first infusion of infliximab, the child was completely clear of its psoriasis and had normal fingernail growth ( fig. 2 ). Before the fourth cycle of infliximab, there was a minor transient flare with scattered small pustules, apparently triggered by a throat infection, and that resolved after the infusion of infliximab. During treatment, clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters were monitored. There was an outstanding amelioration of the child's quality of life and a catch-up on the growth and weight parameters. No adverse events related to infliximab were seen on a scheduled infusion every 7 weeks. The child remained in complete remission for 10 months. At 10 months of treatment, she presented with thick adherent scalp scales (pityriasis amiantacea), occasional small pustules scattered on the abdomen and both arms, and dystrophy of some nail plates. She started methotrexate at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg/week, but after a year of treatment with infliximab there was severe exacerbation of the pustular psoriasis, apparently triggered by an upper respiratory tract infection. The child developed acute erythematous and exsudative plaques with widespread pustules, coalescing into lakes of pus with subsequent exfoliation involving the entire body. Laboratory data revealed slight anemia (hemoglobin 10.9 g/ dl), leukocytosis (leukocytes 17.7 ! 10 3 / l, 83.6% of neutrophils) and severe derangement of the liver enzymes (ASAT-55 U/l, normal ! 50, ALAT-151, normal ! 30 and GT-148, normal 11–50). Thus, after 1 year, the treatment with infliximab was stopped. Methotrexate also was discontinued and normalization of the hepatic enzymes occurred within 2 weeks. During this acute episode, the child was treated with CyA 5 mg/kg/day, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day and, in view of the nonresponse, acitretin was added


I review the current state of our understanding of the galaxy formation and evolution process from the modeler's perspective. With the advent of the cold dark matter model and the support of fast computers and advanced simulation techniques, there has been considerable progress in explaining the growth of structure on the largest scales and in reproducing some of the basic properties of galaxies and their evolution with redshift. However, many properties of galaxies are still only poorly understood or appear to be in conflict with the prediction of the cold dark matter model. I discuss in what direction the next generation of galaxy formation models may go and why a large space-based optical-UV telescope could be critical for the calibration and testing of these advanced models.


The article deals with integral equations that are widely used in various sections of physics (theory of waves on the surface of liquids, quantum mechanics, problems of spectroscopy, crystallography, acoustics, analysis and diagnostics of plasma, etc.), Geophysics (problems of gravimetry, kinematic problems of seismics), mechanics (vibrations of structures), etc. When the physics introduced aftereffect, it is not enough ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations, otherwise the initial data would determine the future state. To take into account the continuous sequence of previous States, we need to use integral and integro-differential equations, where the sign of the integral appears functions of parameters that characterize the system, which depend on time for some period preceding the moment under consideration. In this article we have considered the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by the method of successive approximations and the method of iterated nuclei.


The [2+2] photodimerization in atmospheric pressure conditions has been widely studied by the crystallographic community. However, there are only few examples of experiments conducted at high pressure. Our research shows, on the example of crystals of seven compounds, how pressure influences the crystal structures and how it modifies the ongoing reaction. To induce the [2+2] photodimerization, UV radiation was used. The photoreaction was conducted in a step-by-step manner with the X-ray data collection after every irradiation. This allowed to obtain the structures of partly reacted crystals, i.e. the crystals containing both monomer and dimer molecules. The structural transformations and the influence of pressure on them and on the reaction rate were studied by means of monitoring (a) the unit cell parameters, (b) intermolecular geometry and (c) free space volume with the increase of product content. The results for all the compounds were compared with each other. The applied pressure not only modified the crystal lattice, but also restrained the structural changes caused by the photoreaction.


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin(OXA) combination with capecitabine on unresectable advanced primary hepatocarcinoma(HCC).Methods Eighteen patients with unresectable HCC or with metastasis were given chemotherapy with OXA 130 mg·m-2 on the first day by intravenous drip and capecitabine 1 800 mg·m-2 orally from the first day to the fourteenth day,two times per day,twenty-one days as a cycle.The patients were discontinued medication when the disease progressed or the patients finished chemotherapy for the six cycles.The objective curative effect was evaluated every two cycles and the time to progression(TTP) and overall survival(OS) were observed.Serum AFP level was also monitored according the schedule.Toxicities were also evaluated.Results Eighteen patients all were evaluable for efficacy.One patient obtained complete response(CR),three patients were partial response(PR),six patients were stable disease(SD),and eight patients were disease progression(PD).The objective remission rate was 22.2%(4/18) and disease control rate was 55.6%(10/18).The median TTP and median OS were 3.1 months and 12.6 months,respectively.AFP response rate was 53.3%.The main observed adverse effects were granulocytopenia,mild peripheral neurotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome.Conclusion Systemic chemotherapy with OXA and capecitabine for advanced HCC shows satisfactory objective response and possible survival benefit with mild adverse effects.


Firms enjoy a wide degree of discretion in their disclosure of events in the patent granting process, which investors generally view as "good news" announcements. This study examines the timing of patent disclosure in conjunction with earnings announcements in light of managers' incentives to avoid the stock price-related consequences of earnings disappointments. Among a sample of firms making voluntary patent disclosures, the results suggest that the likelihood of disclosing a patent before a "bad news" earnings announcement increases in the magnitude of the negative earnings surprise. Further, such strategic patent disclosure appears to successfully dampen the market response to the earnings disappointment. Overall, the empirical findings suggest that some firms strategically time the voluntary disclosure of patent-related information in order to manage their short-term stock prices before an adverse information event.


Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band-gap, high-temperature-resistant, and radiation-resistant semiconducting material, which can be used as a radiation detector material in harsh environments such as high radiation background and high temperatures. Schottky barrier diode radiation detectors are fabricated using 100 μm-thick n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers for low energy γ-ray detection. The spectrum responses of 4H-SiC Schottky barrier detectors are investigated by irradiation of γ-ray from Am source. Schottky diodes are prepared by magnetron-sputtering 100 nm-thick nickel on epitaxial surface (Si face) to obtain Schottky contact and Ni/Au on substrate surface (C face) to obtain Ohmic back contact, respectively. Room temperature current-voltage (I-V ) and capacitance-voltage (C-V ) curves are measured to study the properties of Schottky diodes. Ohmic characteristic measurement shows that the Ohmic contact is formed after annealing in a temperature range of 900–1050 ◦C, and the lowest specific contact resistivity of 2.55 × 10−5 Ω·cm is obtained after annealing at 1050 ◦C. The forward I-V curve reveals that the Schottky barrier height and the ideality factor are 1.617 eV and 1.127, respectively, indicating that the main current transportation process is the thermal electron emission. From the C-V curve, besides the net dopant concentration being inferred to be 2.903 × 10 cm−3, the profile of the free carrier concentration in epitaxial layer is also studied. A comparision of the reverse I-V curves of SiC Schottky diodes with different epitaxial layer thickness shows that the diode with 100 μm-thick epitaxial layer has a constant reverse leakage current when the bias voltage is less than 400 V, showing good rectification characteristics. By applying a reverse bias of 500 V, the diode has a leakage current of 2.11 nA, exhibiting a relatively high breakdown voltage. The depletion layer width of SiC detector is calculated to be 94.4 μm at 500 V, indicating that the epitaxial layer is almost fully depleted. The signal of SiC detector through preamplifier displays a relatively low amplitude pulse (15 mV). A typical γ-ray spectrum response from SiC detector shows 9.49% (5.65 keV) energy resolution for 59.5 keV with a reverse bias of 300 V. The potential causes of poor count rate and energy resolution of fabricated detectors are analyzed in this article. The lower count rate is mainly caused by the narrow depletion layer, resulting in fewer photons deposited in sensitive region which can generate carriers. The poor energy resolution of SiC detector can be attributed to the electronic noise of read-out circuit, the pre-match amplifier circuit for detector needs to be improved, in addition, the extra defects existing in detector caused by increasing thickness of epitaxial layer can also deteriorate the detector performance.


It was found in a eutrophic reservoir that the metalimnion became anoxic during the hot season while the hypolimnion became successfully aerated. As countermeasures against deoxygenation of the reservoir metalimnion, performance of three types of aeration systems, i. e. (i) air diffuser system, (ii) air bubbler destratification system and (iii) air bubble jet system, was evaluated by making a numerical analysis of water quality. In the analysis, physical processes such as dissolved oxygen dilution and vertical mixing caused by aeration were taken into consideration in addition to hydrodynamics and biochemical processes regarding to water quality. The system's performance was examined from view points not only of water purification but also of cost-benefit performance. It was found through the analysis that the air bubbler destratification system shows the best performance. System's capacity necessary for the aeration was also discussed.


Since the development of proportional drawing techniques, documented initially by Greek scholars, it has been common practice to use the human head as a unit of measurement to develop an understanding of the proportions of a figure. Many scholars propose the head length relates proportionally to the body as one eighth of height, evidenced by drawings from this era, and this is still prevalent in many published figure-drawing texts. Current guidance, offering exercises to draw the figure using head theories, often propose elongation of the height for aesthetic purposes in establishing the heights of key body location and their widths. Analysis of these methods indicate that many fashion figure images are taller, slimmer and often defined as a single ideal shape, not representative of the customer who would later wear the designs and with no consideration of variations in body size or shape. Recent technological developments using 3D body scanning technology have enabled the collection of large volumes of measurement data and techniques have been explored to establish how real bodies and their proportions compare to those developed using figure drawing techniques. This has been expanded to recognise the different figure proportions for different body shapes, which the current head theory is not equipped to implement. The available data from the 3D scanner exposes a flaw in the concept of using the head length as a unit from which to determine proportion, particularly when drawing figures of varied sizes. If the 'head' theory was implemented this would result in size ten figures having a smaller head than a size sixteen, opening the debate of which reference dimension on the figure would be a more successful unit. This research proposes other suitable benchmarks for developing drawing theories that would produce more criteria specific figures, which are more representative of real people and take into consideration ratios, that allow for the development of different body shapes.


Interesting device, the modem. Either a small box attached externally to your computer or a card placed inside your computer, the modem can connect you to information sources all over the world. Modems have been around a long time. Like all computing devices, they have become more sophisticated and more complex. With this complexity, however, have come better ways to control how your modem operates.


In this paper, we make a brief study on the effect of exchange rate in quasi-parallel genetic algorithms. The exchange rate is determined by two elements: the communication topology of the parallel populations and the communication capacity on each link. Here we formulate the communication capacity as the number of chromosomes one population exchanges with its neighbors. To study the effect of the two elements of exchange rate separately we did some tests on the minimization of the Weierstrass Function. Our results show that topology with a larger number of exchanged chromosomes generally yields better performance.


These embodiments provide Compound KC-8, i.e. N-1- [3- (oxycodone -6- enol - carbonyl - methyl - amino) -2,2-dimethyl - propylamine] - arginine - glycine - malonic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and hydrate. The present disclosure also provides compositions and methods for their use, wherein these compositions comprise a prodrug, i.e., Compound KC-8, which provide controlled release of oxycodone. Such compositions can optionally provide a trypsin inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor that mediates the oxycodone controlled release of the prodrug enzyme interact to attenuate enzymatic cleavage of the precursor drugs.


Using crude phytotoxin of Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae as the pressure of selection, in combination with technology of radiation inducement variation,the toxin resistant callus were selected from callus of blades oftobacco monoploid plant.Moreover,resistance to black shank fungus inoculation of regeneration plants and their M 2 were selected.At present,six mutant lines of high resistance to Phytophthora parasitia var, nicotianae were obtained. The resistance property of these mutants keep stable.A set of system of appreciation and selection of mutants resistance to tobacco black shank fungus was established.The result indieates that the selection of mutants at the cell level is a effective way of exploiting new resistant resources.


Applying historical-grammatical hermeneutics to the Brooks definition of preaching as truth through personality helps us hear Brooks say that the sum of all truth is Christ. His truth does not stand in indifference to his person as some theologians insisted. By personality Brooks stressed not only the divine person of Christ but also the preacher" character. The contemporary usage of both words, the eight lectures in context, and the colorful history of the 1870" tell the story.