While making a dynamic model of executing press mechanism, which is the mechanism of unstable structure, it"s necessary to take into account dissipative parts reflecting energy dispersion in the system. Due to the reconstruction of the structure the function discontinuity, with the help of which the dynamic characteristics (including friction) of the mechanism were described, was replaced with closely coincident even dependences. These transformations allow using various types of optimization and simplification in calculations.


Objective: To research the placental perfusion at early and mid-pregnancy of normal pregnant women and preeclamptic patients.Methods:We selected 2000 singleton pregnancies attending for routine care at 11 to 14 week′s gestation in our hospital from February 2008 to August 2010.At 11-14 week′s gestation and 22-24 week′s gestation,we test uterine artery pulsatility index by Doppler ultrasound.Three groups were formed according to the pregnancy outcome,normal pregnant group,preeclampsia group and gestational hypertension group.Results: The uterine artery PI of mid-pregnancy group was significanty lower than that of early pregnancy group in three group.The uterine artery PI of preeclampsia group was significanty higher than that of normal pregnant group and gestational hypertension group at 11-14 week′s gestation and 22-24 week′s gestation.There was no statistical significance in gestational hypertension group and normal pregnant group.Conclusion:At normal pregnancy,uterine artery pulsatility index gradually reduced with the progress of pregnancy,that reflect uteroplacental blood supply gradually increased.There were barriers to Uteroplacental blood supply in preeclamptic patients at early pregnancy,Lead to placental ischemia and hypoxia.Changes in uterine artery PI before clinical diagnosis in preeclamptic patients.There are significance for early prediction of the occurrence of pre-eclampsia.


. The article sets forth a generalized understanding of economies of scale in agrarian production as a complex integrative phenomenon, implemented in a unity of three components – the intra-branch scale effect in agrarian production, the quality effect, the number of enterprises and the effect of their average scale production. The author's translogarithmic model of economies of scale and the approach to its optimization have been proposed. Specific, potential determinants of the high cost of agricultural products based on the assessment of trends in economies of scale and the level of technological efficiency in the specialized Crimean production units have been established. A parametric analysis of the economies of scale in the model of factor-resource potential has been constructed in the framework of the boundary stochastic function of agrarian production in order to ensure an adequate level of technological efficiency. The ways of increasing of the branch effectiveness and technological efficiency of the agrarian formations of Crimea have been proposed.


Indonesian education is improving itself according to all the limitations that occurred during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Blended Learning is one of the solutions for implementing learning in the midst of a pandemic. SMAN 1 Manggelewa is one of the schools that applies Blended Learning in learning during a pandemic. This study aims to determine the policy of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government on high school level learning, know the WhatsApp-based Blended Learning management model at SMAN 1 Manggelewa, know the advantages and disadvantages of the WhatsApp-based Blended Learning model at SMAN 1 Manggelewa and find out how the Blended Learning model is effective for high school level in the future. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained from SMAN 1 Manggelewa, while secondary data were obtained from the appropriate literature. The results showed that the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government continued the central government regulation, namely limiting face-to-face learning. SMAN 1 Manggelewa has implemented WhatsApp-based Blended Learning through groups managed by subject teachers. The implementation of Blended Learning at SMAN 1 Manggelewa went well despite several obstacles. For future projections, Blebded Learning can be further collaborated with technology in the form of an LMS (Learning Management System) through Moodle.


With college enrollment expansion,the researches of undergraduate specialties increase year after year that focus on how to solve the problem of convergence between undergraduate specialties and employment.Overall,these researches achieve certain results in undergraduate specialties reform,principle and the relationship between undergraduate specialties and the employment of university graduates.However,there still exist some problems:the research vision is limited;the basis of undergraduate specialties is not clear;the construction of curriculum is not being taken seriously.In order to promote the reform of undergraduate specialties,we should strengthen the following researches: the main body of undergraduate specialties,the basis of undergraduate specialties,the relationship between undergraduate specialties and curriculum.


The present work is focused on gelatin-based electrolytes doped with a range of concentration of zinc triflate (Zn(CF3SO3)2). The transparent-thin-film samples have been represented by the notation GelatinnZn(CF3SO3)2, where n represents the zinc triflate salt concentration in the electrolyte membranes from 0.00 wt% to 10.93 wt% . The samples have been characterized by conductivity measurements, thermal analysis, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gelatin-based electrolytes were also tested as ionic conductors in electrochromic devices with the glass/ITO/WO3/gelatin-based electrolyte/CeO2-TiO2/ITO/glass configuration.


It is uncertain whether the elevated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks in patients with brain tumours is due to differences in the distribution of risk factors. We compared CVD risks among patients with a primary brain tumour to a matched general population cohort.

 Using data from the Secured Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales, we identified adults aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of brain tumour identified in the cancer registry between 2000-2014, and a matched cohort (case-to-control ratio 1:5) by age, sex and primary care provider from the general population. Outcomes included fatal and non-fatal major vascular events and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We used multivariable Cox models adjusted for clinical risk factors to compare risks.

 There were 2,869 and 3,931 people diagnosed with malignant and non-malignant brain tumours, respectively, in Wales. They were matched to 33,785 controls. Within the first year of tumour diagnosis, malignant tumour was associated with VTE (hazard ratio [HR] 21.58, 95% confidence interval 16.12-28.88) and stroke (HR 3.32, 2.44-4.53). People with malignant tumour surviving one year had higher risks of VTE (HR 2.20, 1.52-3.18) and stroke (HR 1.45, 1.00-2.10) compared to their matched controls. Individuals with non-malignant tumours had higher risks of VTE (HR 3.72, 2.73-5.06), stroke (HR 4.06, 3.35-4.93) and aortic and peripheral arterial disease (HR 2.09, 1.26-3.48) within the first year of diagnosis compared with their controls.

 The elevated risks of CVD suggest risk reduction a potential strategy to improve life quality and survival in people with malignant and non-malignant brain tumour.


Related U.S. Application Data Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/122,836, filed on May 5, 2005, now Pat. No. 8.278,250, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/760,443, filed on Jan. 20, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,759,292, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/440,337, filed on May 16, 2003, now abandoned, and a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/612,271, filed on Jul. 2, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,182,136.


The present invention relates to a gas box module of the semiconductor device manufacturing facility. The gas box according to the invention the module is characterized in that the forming the alignment key is composed of a fastening in which each fitting into the groove and the groove on the block portion and the part that couples the components constituting the gas box. In the present invention, it is possible to firmly bond the components in the block unit by using the alignment key, instead of using conventional screws, and the block portion and exactly aligned phosphorus than the parts at the same time. And, by eliminating the screw wear and problems such as falling off the gasket wear due to the screw as in the prior art wherein the components are shifted, or it is possible to solve the conventional problems that a gas leak occurs. Gas box, alignment key, a screw, a gasket, a regulator, MFC


In a preliminary communication1I reported the first results of our studies concerning the detection of latent female genital tuberculosis by cultures of menstrual discharges made on a specific medium (Petragnani). We had used this method especially for women who had been sterile for many years and in whom the usual methods for detecting the cause of sterility had failed or for women who showed partial or complete nonpatency of the fallopian tubes when tested by repeated insufflation and/or salpingography. In some cases we used cultures of the menstrual discharges to verify the diagnosis of endometrial tuberculosis made by endometrial biopsy. The results obtained with this method encouraged us to continue our studies in this field and to extend the use of this method to systematic investigations of the intermenstrual cervicouterine discharges. This is a report of further results of our studies in this field. In our research we


Semi-insulating freestanding GaN substrates were produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using intentionally introduced iron impurity atoms to compensate residual donors in GaN. Variable temperature resistivity measurements determined the resistivity of an iron-doped GaN sample to be ∼3 x 10 5 Ω cm at 250°C. The activation energy of the carrier was 0.51 eV and room temperature resistivity was determined to be ∼2 x 10 9 Ω cm at room temperature by linear fitting and extrapolation to room temperature. Near-infrared photoluminescence at 1.6K exhibited sharp emission at 1.3 eV, associated with the 4 T 1 (G) → 6 A 1 (S) internal transition of the Fe 3+ charge state.


The article explores the role played by science and Western medicine in the colonization process undertaken by the Spanish State between 1912 and 1956 in northern Morocco. It takes into account the colonizers' strategy of using medicine to impose the 'superiority' of the scientific method. They believed the 'rhetoric of scientific truth' would hold greater sway as an effective tool of colonization than reliance on and imposition of dogma from other, more contentious fields, like law or, particularly, religion. Sources for this study encompass different handwritten documents released by the Spanish and Moroccan administrations (Majzen), which can be found at the Archivo General de la Administracion (Alcala de Henares, Spain) and at the Biblioteca General y Archivos de Tetuan (Morocco), as well as writings by Spanish physicians in the form of monographs and journal and press articles, from both the metropolis and the colony.


The objectives of the paper were to review selected research literature on sensory and cognitive changes that come with aging and to discuss the implications of these findings for the ability of older adults to maintain personal mobility and be able to drive. Maintaining upright posture, walking and driving include behaviors that involve utilizing and responding to complex sensory and cognitive information that changes rapidly over time. Because age-associated slowing is a common factor in sensory, cognitive, and motor behaviors, the review of the literature was organized around the implications of this general finding. As is true in a lot of research on age differences in abilities, the variability among sensory, cognitive, and motor skills involved in personal mobility and in driving are very substantial among elderly persons. The paper concluded that task redesign and improved ergonomics can compensate for diminished sensory capacity and slower speed of mental and motor behavior, and that skill training and physical training, particularly resistive strength training, can significantly improve some skills involved in personal mobility and driving.


The objective of this thesis was to explore new applications for cardiac histotripsy, and to develop the tools making it possible non-invasively. Cardiac ultrasound therapy indeed still remains limited due to the tremendous challenge of treating a constantly and rapidly moving organ, well protected behind the ribcage.We first showed in vivo, on a large animal model, that histotripsy could be used non-invasively to cut mitral chordae, and to treat calcified aortic stenosis in a beating heart. Cavitation on the valve leaflets can indeed locally and remotely act on the calcifications, and globally soften the valve. Simultaneously, we developed a therapeutic device allowing completely non-invasive cardiac shock-wave therapy based on the time reversal cavity concept. In particular, this device allows the emission of high intensity ultrasound pulses, and provides 3D electronical steering of the therapy focal spot in a large volume. After a thorough optimisation process, this device was capable of creating well controlled mechanical lesions over a 2 000 cm3 region of interest. To tackle the challenge of ultrasound propagation through the rib cage, we developed an adaptive focusing method (DORT method through a time reversal cavity), and implemented it in a 2D prototype of the device. With this method, we not only could build an adaptive ultrasonic wavefront propagating preferentially through the intercostal spaces, but due to time reversal cavities properties, we could also increase the peak pressure obtained on target.Finally, we pushed our work on adaptive focusing further, and considered the case of transcranial imaging. For this application, we chose to use the time reversal of speckle noise technique, to correct the aberrations induced by the skull. In numerical simulations, we were able to derive the phase and amplitude modulations induced by the bones, and could improve the contrast and resolution of a B-mode image.


Abstract The notion of even-outer-semicontinuity for set-valued maps is introduced and compared with related ones from [Bagh, Wets, Set-Valued Anal. 4: 333–360, 1996] and [Kowalczyk, Demonstratio Math. 27: 79–87, 1994]. The coincidence of these notions provides a new characterization of compactness and of local compactness. The following result is proved: Let X be a topological space, Y a uniform space, {Fσ : σ ∈ Σ} be a net of set-valued maps from X to Y and F be a set valued map from X to Y. Then any two of the following conditions imply the third: (1) the net {Fσ : σ ∈ Σ} is evenly-outer semicontinuous; (2) the net {Fσ : σ ∈ Σ} is graph convergent to F; (3) the net {Fσ : σ ∈ Σ} is pointwise convergent to F. This theorem generalizes some results from [Bagh, Wets, Set-Valued Anal. 4: 333–360, 1996] and [Kowalczyk, Demonstratio Math. 27: 79–87, 1994].


Aim To establish a method of RP-IP-HPLC determination for Yunning Teigao.Methods ODS-C 18 column (250mm×4.6mm,5μm) was employed,methanol-water (containing 0.025mol·L -1 sodium heptanesulfonate and 0.05mol·L -1 sodium acetate adjusted to pH4.6 with acetic acid) (45∶55) was used as mobile phase (a flow rate of l.0ml/min),Ultraviolet detection wavelength was 227nm.Ccolumn temperature was kept at room temperature and injection volume was 20μl.Results The calibration curve of scopolamine hydrobromide was linear in the concentration range of 1.32~13.2μg,r=0.999 9.The average recovery rate(n=6) was 99.07% (RSD=0.58%).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and accurate,which can be used to control the quality of products effectively.


(J.M. Irwan , S.K. Faisal , N. Othman, Wan Ibrahim M.H, R.M. Asyraf, & M.M.K. Annas) Abstract— Polyethylene Terephthalates (PET) is most of plastic container normally being discarded and resulted in environmental pollution. One of a better means is to recycle PET in concrete. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete containing Ring type of waste PET bottle (RPET) fibre. The RPET were obtained by simple mechanical cutting from waste bottles into 5 and 10 ± 1 mm in width of the waste bottle to produce the RPET-5 and RPET-10 fibre. Comparative studies were conducted with two different water-binder ratios which are 0.45 and 0.55. Concrete containing with 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% volume of RPET fibre content were produced in cylindrical specimens in 150 mm . All specimens were tested at the age of 28 days. It has been found that ultimate tensile strength of RPET concretes were greater compared to normal concrete. Incorporation RPET fibre in concrete has produced and empirical expression between compressive and tensile strength for RPET-5 and RPET-10 fibre concrete respectively. It can be concluded that incorporation of RPET in concrete is possible to produce concrete with good performance.


Human gross anatomy laboratory dissections provide a rich learning environment, sometimes including rare anatomical variation or pathological findings. Here we describe a rare knee joint abnormality, which provided an opportunity to review pathological processes unique to this region and expand the learning experience beyond the standard curriculum.


Traditional teaching practices in Ireland for "hard"-science subjects, such as Physics or Engineering, are still prevalently based on whiteboard content delivery, PowerPoint-based methods, and sometimes, within under-funded purposed-built teaching labs, leaving very little manoeuvre or willingness to incorporate student interaction, in addition to a strong focus on end of semester exambased assessment of learning. Very often any deviation from traditional methods of teaching and assessment are perceived as "dumbing down" the course. The proposal of this Lightning Talk is to show how enabling flexibility in the teaching environment, by incorporating either topical research discussions or bringing a high-tech research lab to a teaching module, can stimulate student engagement, curiosity, discovery and learning. Moreover, the talk will also contain a discussion on using different assessment techniques, such as consultation surveys and reports, where a richer picture of true understanding can be drafted, and compare outcomes between report-based and exam-based types of assessment, showing no signs of "dumbing down". Methods Although varied methodologies were used in teaching Photonics at the Department of Electronic Engineering in UCC, this paper will focus on incorporating a state-of-the-art research lab space away from main campus, as alternative teaching and learning environment, with a self-directed exercise and a reflective piece: formal assessment of learning through submission of report weighting 10% of total marks. As the labs were based in Tyndall, 1.2 km away from the department (or 15-20 min walk), the reception and health and safety induction had to take place in a welcoming and friendly atmosphere. The labs were very prescriptive to allow students to familiarise themselves with a complete new environment, including new equipment and interactive approach with lecturer. A 10-page detailed instruction is given a priori to students, and this step-by-step guide is important, so they can "feel" reassured that they are in control of the experiment. There are about 20 pieces of equipment to be looked after, worth around €0.5M, but they are trusted to do the experiments under minimum supervision. As they gather data, the guide asks students to reflect upon their classroom notes and prior knowledge from previous modules to explain their observations. The lecturer was available at all times for consultation, but students were left in control of experiments. The numbers collected were not actually that important, as what counts for the report marks are the explanations of their observations. Findings Findings for the last two years are that students gather the expected data, they do familiarise themselves with the equipment, but not all engage with a deeper learning through connections with prior knowledge or notes from classroom, or even further searches in the Internet or library. Figure 1(a) shows the average marks for years 2018 and 2019 for the same 4 year module. 2019 had fewer students. Student number in the picture is random, and in no particular order. On average, the marks are around 70% to 74% in each year. The standard deviation is important (deviation of the observation from the average), as there are some students which find it harder to engage with the post-lab report. But when comparing the lab report results to the actual traditional exam (for 2018), an interesting path emerges as per Figure 1(b). On average there is virtually no difference in the marks, and in each case two students brought the average down. The standard deviation is a little higher for the exam, and understandably so as the time pressure can be difficult for many students. There's no correlation of the student number in the x-axis, they are random, so one cannot correlate a student who got a lower mark in the exam with a lower mark in the report. Conclusions Figure 1 shows evidence, on average, that adding the research lab element allowing students to reflect on their own learnings did not influence marks or "dumbed down" the module. Allowing students to have a playground where they experiment with different techniques, apply prior-learning and consolidate fundamentals are of extreme value. Informal feedback is very positive, with surveys constantly requesting more labs, which will be discussed at the lightning talk. The reflective report takes away the pressure of a time-restricted exam and highlights the actual learning deficiencies to be addressed. Figure 1: Marks per random student for (a) lab reports in 2018 and 2019; and (b) 2018 comparison between lab report and formal exam.


A study was carried out on the influences of atmospheric humidity in the very early stage of sliding for austenitic stainless steel (JIS SUS316). Pin-on-disk tests were conducted under different rates of relative humidity (RH). A relatively low magnitude of applied load to lessen the influences of mechanical effect was employed for emphasizing the humidity effect on tribological phenomena. The results of the current study were compared with our previous study results obtained at higher magnitude of applied load. The comparison suggested different mechanisms of adsorbed water layer exert influences on the tribological phenomena in the very early stage of the sliding when applied load was changed.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of PTEN/MMAC1 gene and the proliferation activity of the tumor cells in human astrocytomas. Methods The expressions of PTEN/MMAC1 gene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein were determined by PCR-SSCP and SP-immunohistochemical staining in 52 cases of astrocytomas. The correlations between PTEN/MMAC1 expression and PCNA protein proliferation were analyzed by SPSS10.0 software. Results PTEN/MMAC1 expression was positive in 31 of 52 human astrocytoma samples (59.6%). The positive rates of PTEN/MMAC1 expression in grades Ⅰ~Ⅱ, grades Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ astrocytomas groups were 80.0% (16/20), 55.0% (11/20) and 33.3% (4/12), respectively. There was a significantly difference in PTEN/MMAC1 expression among these groups (P0.01). The level of PTEN/MMAC1 expression was negatively correlated with tumor cells proliferation (r=-0.846, P0.01). Conclusions The deletions of PTEN/MMAC1 gene may cause in increase in cellular proliferation activity. It is suggested that alteration of PTEN/MMAC1 gene expression may play a significant role in the progression of astrocytomas.


the best fitted of all the governors to act as Chancellor, actually put the Court in commission byassociating with himself all the iudges of the Supreme Court in causes already adjudged by them, in many of which the Chief Justice, his sons ,and sons-in-law ere either plaintiffs or defendants, thus bequeathing to DesBarres and Smith the problem of separating the functions of the two courts; and how the spectacular explosion under Smith has blinded local historians to the role of the men who laid •he mines not only on the highroads of justice but also on the by-paths of escheat: for it was Fanning who inspired the movement for eseheat in 1797, and repudiated it when he got possession of the lands he wanted.


In recent years in the Republic of Macedonia, the pharmaceutical legislation has undergone permanent modifications in terms of the unification with the European legislation. In essence, the establishment of certain new criteria and the amendment of the whole set of standards uniform in the EU, will undoubtedly help in increasing the quality of pharmaceutical services and will guarantee the patients' health. The Republic of Macedonia has a social healthcare system. Pharmacies are in private ownership but healthcare authorities regulate the prices of medications and the number of pharmacies across the whole territory. Many of these pharmacies have concluded regular collaboration contracts with the Health Insurance Fund of the Republic of Macedonia. The services provided by these pharmacies consist mainly in the distribution of prescribed medications and OTC preparations, nutrition products, medication usage recommendations, effects and anti-effects, etc. This paper aims at reviewing the existing legislation, the reforms carried out in time, the existing status of the pharmaceutical community in Macedonia, while comparing it with some of the countries of the EU. Special emphasis will be put on reviewing the possibilities for better inclusion of pharmacists in the healthcare system so that they can become participants in the healthcare provision teams as well as get included in the activities for the prevention of different diseases. In this respect, lots of research in international literature, including scientific articles, presentations, technical reports, and other studies has been carried out in order to present the experiences from the EU member states.


This paper addresses the problem of efficiently computing the skyline set of a relational join. Existing techniques either require to access all tuples of the input relations or demand specialized multi-dimensional access methods to generate the skyline join result. To avoid these inefficiencies, we introduce the novel SFSJ algorithm that fuses the identification of skyline tuples with the computation of the join. SFSJ is able to compute the correct skyline set by accessing only a subset of the input tuples, i.e., it has the property of early termination. SFSJ employs standard access methods for reading the input tuples and is readily implementable in an existing database system. Moreover, it can be used in pipelined execution plans, as it generates the skyline tuples progressively. Additionally, we formally analyze the performance of SFSJ and propose a novel strategy for accessing the input tuples that is proven to be optimal for SFSJ. Finally, we present an extensive experimental study that validates the effectiveness of SFSJ and demonstrates its advantages over existing techniques.


This study proposed an alternative enumeration similar to the one the US Census Bureau implemented in the 1990 decennial census in selected sites. The objectives of this census project were two-fold: one to explore undercounts in minority populations, and two, to discover the reasons behind them. Drawing on this project, we designed a Hispanic Farmer Alternative Enumeration pilot to examine Hispanic undercounts in the agricultural census in four adjacent counties in southwestern Michigan. In our alternative enumeration, we proposed comparing our Hispanic farmer count with the results of the Agricultural Census 2002. USDA-NASS, it was expected, would facilitate the comparison by providing us access to individual agricultural census records.A Hispanic farmer alternative enumeration, as outlined in our original proposal, was impossible because we were unable to obtain the needed collaboration of USDA agencies. A number of concerns, among them, confidentiality, did not allow it. However, we revised our plan and explored Hispanic undercounts on the agricultural census and the reasons behind them. Using a standardized interview guide, followed up with informal interviews, we sought information on whether the interviewees participated in Agricultural Census 2002 and the reasons for not participating. The questionnaire also allowed us to gather information on ownership, acreage and usage, and other farming information.This report addresses our major findings and provides suggestions for improving Hispanic participation in Agricultural Census 2007. It is divided into five basic parts: research problem, methods, findings, recommendations, and conclusions.Research ProblemSpecifically, in both our original and revised plan, we wanted to assess barriers to agricultural census enumeration that we observed in a previous research project, "Farmworker Transition to Farm Ownership: Lessons from Mexican-Origin Farmers in Southwestern Michigan", funded by USDA. The barriers are as follows:* Missing Hispanic Farmers from USDA Mailing Lists: The majority of the recent Mexican immigrant farmers were not on the mailing list of cooperative extension or Farmer Service Agency (FSA) mailing lists-lists that USDA uses to identify farmers and develop mailing lists for the agricultural census.* Limited or No Knowledge of Agricultural Censuses: Many of the immigrant farmers, particularly newcomers to farming, are not familiar with agricultural censuses.* Language and Illiteracy Problems: Many of the immigrants are monolingual Spanish speakers who generally do not comprehend the English language. They also have limited or no formal education in their native language and, as a result, may be unable to read and write in Spanish.* Apprehension about USDA: Some immigrant farmers prefer not to deal with USDA, fearing that irregularities on the farm will be discovered.* Immigration Status: Recently, as a result of the public backlash against immigrants and the call for excluding from federally-funded programs, some immigrant farmers are under the misconception that they are not to participate in the agricultural census, a federal government undertaking.* Presta Nombres: Another possible barrier is presta nombres (lending one's name). In this practice, family members with good credit obtain loans on the behalf of kinsmen who do not.* Informal Farming Arrangements: Similarly informal farming arrangements among immigrant farmers may be another obstacle. In these arrangements, one or two individuals appear as the sole owners; when in fact, there are others, usually kin, who are also farming on the property.* Farmers as Farmworkers: We have uncovered cases where producers, who are also farm laborers, consider themselves farmworkers because a significant portion of their income is derived from farm work.MethodsResearch SitesWe carried out our pilot project in southwest Michigan. …


Supercapacitors have extremely high power density and can be charged and discharged quickly and repeatedly for a long time without degradation. Electrospun carbon nanofiber membrane has been shown a great potential as electrode materials attributed to their porous high structure and large specific surface area. However in electrochemistry-associated processes, nonwoven-like fibrous structure often has low charge-transfer efficiency because of the insufficient fiber-fiber interconnection and large contact-resistance. In this work, interconnected carbon nanofibrous membranes were prepared by conventional electrospinning and bicomponent electrospinning to produce polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) /polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend nanofibers and PVP/P AN side-by-side nanofibers, followed by a direct pyrolysis treatment. The inter-fiber connection was highly affected by the PVP/PAN ratio and electrospinning method. The carbon nanofibers prepared from the side by-side PVP/P AN nanofibers were found to have higher electrochemical capacitance compared to those from the PVP/P AN blend nanofibers. The effects of electrospinning methods on the crystallinity , surface morphology and resistivity of carbon nanofibers were also examined.


International finance is now playing a pivotal role in the world economy. This economic activity is regarded as one of revitalizing industries for the future development of cities but is now becoming more concentrated in a handful of cities in the world. In geography, however, relatively little attention has been paid to international finance. Similarly, urban and regional economists have not concentrated their attention on finance, and monetary and financial economists have shown little interest in geographic location. There has been a growing concern for spatial awareness in social science, and this is demonstrated by the occurrence of studies focusing on the spatial aspects of international finance in the 1980s. The present paper is aiming to review these studies and propose some new research perspectives on this study area. Given the condition that it is almost impossible to trace international money flows at a global scale, the study of overseas activities of financial institutions, and the study of international financial centers are taken in this paper as geographical studies.The studies of overseas activities of financial institutions are somewhat led by theoretical studies, because it is difficult to conduct empirical research on individual financial institutions which try to conceal their customer information. The primary interests of theoretical research in the study of overseas activities of financial institutions are to investigate what kinds of activities they are doing at overseas offices, and why they establish those overseas offices. As to the former question, several-stage evolution models of the overseas activities of financial institutions are presented. In these models, it appears the activities of foreign financial institutions are approaching those of local financial institutions gradually. As to the latter question, there are several approaches such as noting the relationship with national industries, focusing on the differences of financial regulations among countries, and applying the theories of multi-national corporations. These theoretical studies, however, tend to be based on the concept of spatial dualism, i. e. home country and overseas, and pay little attention to the diversity of the regions overseas. Accordingly, theories related to the overseas activities of financial institutions often fail to grasp their spatial dynamics.Several researchers have tried to compare different countries using the data compiled by international organizations such as OECD, UN, World Bank, IMF, and BIS. Almost all of these studies use quantitative data such as the number of overseas branches or total amount of foreign transactions by countries. Very few attempts have been made comparing studies of several countries or areas with qualitative data, e. g. the differences in the overseas activities of financial institutions according to region. There are some qualitative studies, but they focus their attention on only one country; they are not comparative studies.Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate empirical case studies of overseas activities of financial institutions in many regions by geographers. The construction of spatial structure and spatial evolution models in the overseas activities of financial institutions using some geographically theoretical concepts such as Core-Periphery regions derived from World-system theory is necessary.Regarding the studies of international financial centers, they can be divided into two study perspectives: studies which deal with several centers and studies which mainly focus on a single center. In the first perspective, by comparing several centers, a great deal of effort has been made into understanding the historical development processes and the development factors of international financial centers, the typology and hierarchy of the centers, and the mutual relationships between the centers.


Given introduction on the communication system contents and the characteristics about IEC61850 in detail,fully analyses the main characteristics and the structure of digital substation,presents the key techniques of effectuating digital substation including achieving the stability of non-routine sensor,the reliability of network communication,synchronized data transmission and the security of the information,etc.This paper analyses some problems in the digital substation development,including the technical expertise interference problem and data acquisition sharing problem.At last,generalizes the significance of building digital substation in technique and economy,pointing out that once digital substation automation system becomes realization,it will bring more development to the grid automation and promote the operation and management level in the grid.


The development of EUV lithography is critically based on the availability of suitable metrology equipment. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) operates an EUV reflectometry facility at the electron storage ring BESSY II, particularly to support the development of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. It has been shown that EUV scatterometry is a versatile metrology for characterizing periodic structures regarding critical dimension (CD) and other profile properties. The short wavelength of EUV is particularly advantageous, since it increases the sensitivity to structure roughness. On the other hand, structure roughness also modifies the diffraction intensities used for structure reconstruction based on rigorous calculations of EUV diffraction. We present here first investigations of the influence of roughness-induced modifications of diffraction intensities on the subsequent reconstruction of line profiles. A method is developed to numerically estimate changes in measured diffraction intensities induced by line edge and line width roughness. Finally, the reconstructed profiles for undisturbed and disturbed diffraction intensities are compared. For absorber lines of trapezoidal cross section, the height and mean CD at 50% height appear to be rather insensitive even for unrealistically large roughness amplitudes of up to 14 nm 1σ. The sidewall angle, however, decreases significantly with increasing roughness, with a particular sensitivity to line edge roughness as compared to line width roughness.


Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by acute transient left ventricular dysfunction following exposure to stressful situations. We encountered an 80-year-old woman with complete atrioventricular block and normal LV systolic function. After permanent pacemaker implantation, electrocardiogram showed inverted T-waves in precordial leads. Follow-up echocardiographic findings indicated dyskinesia of the apical wall. Final diagnosis was stress-induced cardiomyopathy associated with a physically stressful condition (i.e., pacemaker implantation). (Korean J Med 2012;82:609-613)


Phase-contrast X-ray imaging of biological cells in two and three dimensions can be carried out with a low dose, based on free propagation and a setting of optimized wavefronts in cone-beam geometry. In order to reach the required contrast level, images have to be recorded in the holographic regime. The main result of this work is holographic recordings of a quality that is fully amenable to quantitative phase retrieval, beyond previous approximations. Different approaches to sample preparations, data recording and phase retrieval are compared.


As a result of anthropogenic impact, soils are subjected to a decrease in fertility associated with soil erosion, acidification, a decrease in the rate of chemical melioration, and the removal of uncompensated biophilic elements with crop products. This leads to a decrease in the productivity of agrocenoses in the region. In conditions of technogenic impact, there is a violation of lands on an area of more than 30 thousand hectares. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА Земельные ресурсы, землепользование, пахотные земли, кислотность, гумус, биофильные элементы, отходы.


Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin ABSTRACT Rice consumption in Africa is increasing rapidly because of changes in consumer preferences and urbanization. In 2009, the continent imported one-third of what is available on the world market, costing an estimated US$ 5 billion. Soaring and highly volatile rice prices and relatively low levels of global stocks are predicted to remain the norm over the next 10 years. As witnessed by the food crisis in 2008 this is a very risky, expensive and unsustainable situation, and it may lead to severe food insecurity and civil instability in some African countries. However Africa has the human, physical and economic resources to produce enough rice to feed itself and many national, regional and continental rice sector development initiatives have seen the light since the food crisis. The critical challenge facing the African rice sector is to enhance performance in production, processing and marketing to respond to a major concern to be turned into an opportunity: the growing demand for rice as a preferred staple. The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) is a pan-African research organization, that currently includes 24 member states, working to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security in Africa through research, development and partnership activities aimed at increasing the productivity and profitability of the rice sector in ways that ensure the sustainability of the farming environment. AfricaRice is also a member of the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR). During its 28th Ordinary Session, held in September 2011 in The Gambia, AfricaRice's Council of Ministers approved the Center's 2011-2020 Rice Research for Development strategy. Through a priority setting process, seven Research for Development (R4D) Priority Areas (PAs) were identified that are considered crucial to realize Africa's rice promise: 1. Conserving rice genetic resources and providing climate-resilient rice varieties to smallholder farmers that are better adapted to production environments and consumer preferences 2. Improving rural livelihoods by closing yield gaps and through sustainable intensification and diversification of rice-based systems 3. Achieving socially-acceptable expansion of rice producing areas, while addressing environmental concerns 4. Creating market-opportunities for smallholder farmers and processors by improving the quality and the competitiveness of locally produced rice and rice products 5. Facilitating the development of the rice value chain through improved technology targeting and evidence-based policy making 6. Mobilizing co-investments and linking with development partners and the private sector to stimulate uptake of rice knowledge and technologies 7. Strengthening the capacities of national rice research and extension agents and rice value chain actors


So much has been written about the technique of cone biopsy of the cervix, that we hesitate to add to the literature on the subject. We feel, however, that the method to be described has advantages of simplicity and versatility. There may also be some interest in the adaptation of a veterinary instrument, designed for the male animal, to use on the human female. The first description of a "cone-amputation" was by Sturmdorf (1916). This is a fairly radical procedure, probably unnecessary for purely diagnostic purposes, and haemorrhage during the operation can be troublesome. Haemostasis is secured by suturing the mucosal flaps over the raw area. Thornton et al. (1954) advocated the use of lateral cervical sutures to control haemorrhage, and modifications and combinations of these techniques are widely used today. Hyams (1 928) introduced "electro-conization" for the treatment of chronic cervicitis, the principal object being to remove the diseased endocervical mucosa. This technique has been adapted for purposes of diagnosis, as by Crossen (1949) whose electrode is basically similar, though designed to give a much wider cone of tissue. Such methods have the great advantage that they may be virtually bloodless, but infortunately they produce such charring of the biopsy specimen that subsequent histological examination is useless. Scott and Ballard (1962) were particularly severe in their condemnation of "electro-conization", and it seems to have fallen from favour. Hahn (1948) recommended following surgical cone-biopsy with an "electro-conization" to control bleeding. A variety of ingenious instruments and techniques have been devised for cone biopsy, ranging from Ayre's (1948) cervical scalpel to such elaborate procedures as the "freezeconing" described recently by Sherif (1 963). Between these extremes fall such devices as those of Gusberg (1949), Nolan and Budd (1951), Spencer (1955), and Ullery (1956), the last being a rather formidable instrument. Perhaps the chief disadvantage of these instruments lies in their lack of adaptability to the very varied shapes and sizes of the female cervix. With the exception of Ayre's knife they do not cope well with the bulky, lacerated, multiparous cervix, often with ectropion, so often met in diagnostic work of this nature. There would be general agreement among gynaecologists that the control of haemorrhage is the chief problem in cone biopsy, and this concern is reflected in the literature. To reduce haemorrhage during the procedure, various authors have advocated the prior injection of haemostatic solutions, generally containing adrenaline, into the substance of the cervix. Ferguson and Brown (1960) gave an account of 50 cone biopsies performed during pregnancy, employing such a technique, and there are similar reports by Scott and Reagan (1956), Ferguson and Cavanagh (1959), Scott et al. (1960), Offen and Ferguson (1 960) and Ayre and Scott (1961). Schulman and Ferguson (1962) recommended the use of a solution containing pitressin. In our experience, while such methods obtain satisfactory haemostasis, they are neither simple nor speedy. The solution has to be injected into multiple sites within the substance of the cervix, a fibrous and rigid structure, and very considerable force is necessary to achieve this.


Numerical solutions of the natural convection equations with FEM and FDM have been applied to study the convection heat transfer in square cavities and vertical annuli with high-aspect ratio. The boundary condition switching method is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with primitive variables. On boundaries where both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are known, the Neumann boundary condition is satisfied naturally whereas the Dirichlet boundary condition is switched to substitute the unknown boundary condition of the other variable; for instance, vorticity in stream function-vorticity equations, and pressure in NavierStokes equations. With the boundary condition switching, equal order interpolation in FEM and nonstaggered grid in FDM can be used without upwinding formulation. The present scheme is tested by both finite element method and finite difference method for convection heat transfer in square cavities and applied to convection heat transfer in vertical annuli.


We propose a novel approach to adopt SLID to low temperature BGA interconnections that enables both ball attach and card attach at SnBi eutectic reflow temperatures and enables the formation of a homogeneous, stable hypoeutectic SnBi connection of considerably lower Bi content than its eutectic counterpart.The SLID mechanism and its diffusion kinetics were investigated by selecting appropriate sized SAC spheres and eutectic Sn58Bi solder paste volumes then evaluating the resultant ball attach connections. It was determined that hypoeutectic SnBi connections in the range of 18-26% Bi could be effectively formed as homogeneous or near-homogeneous compositions under temperature excursions representative of typical cumulative Sn58Bi reflow profiles.Microstructural observations after reflow (t0) and aging at 100 °C showed some differences between the hypoeutectic connections and the eutectic or near eutectic (Sn57BiAg) connections within the bulk solder regions. The most significant difference was observed at the solder-ENIG interface where a thick layer formed with aging of the eutectic and near eutectic connections whereas no such layer formed with the hypoeutectic connections.Shear testing appeared to correlate the interfacial differences to mechanical integrity. Hypoeutectic connections exhibited mostly ductile fracture within the bulk solder while eutectic and near-eutectic connections failed in a brittle fashion near the solder-Ni interface and at lower shear strengths.


A complete investigation of large p/sub T/ hadron photoproduction is reviewed with emphasis on perturbative QCD tests and on the determination of the gluon distribution and fragmentation functions.


Education delivered via the Internet is given many terms throughout the world, ranging from virtual education to Web-based learning. A snapshot of distance education practices reveals great variation from country to country, as well as in the extent and form of implementation. One view of distance education is online education within the USA where the landscape of K-12 education is rapidly changing. Online education in K-12 schools is gaining a great deal of attention as more school districts utilize the Internet, which provides increased educational opportunities and flexibility for teachers and students. Online education is both feasible and supported by the high percentage of K-12 classrooms with Internet access: 92% of public schools have Internet access in instructional rooms and the ratio of students to instructional computABSTRACT


The HQET and NRQCD Lagrangian is computed to order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}{/m}^{3}$. The computation is performed using dimensional regularization to regulate the ultraviolet and infrared divergences. The results are consistent with reparametrization invariance to order ${1/m}^{3}$. Some subtleties in the matching conditions for NRQCD are discussed.


A CMOS analog multiplexer circuit has been designed for operation at 0.8 V. The circuit consists of transmission gates as switches and an inverter. MOSFETs in the design of multiplexer use the dynamic body bias method. The forward body bias is limited to no more than 0.4 V to avoid CMOS latch-up. The reverse body bias is limited to 0.4 V and allows the MOSFET to turn-off fully and suppresses the sub-threshold leakage. The improved dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) inverter is engaged to achieve low voltage operation. The CMOS multiplexer chip was designed in standard 1.5 μm n-well CMOS technology and simulated using SPICE. Excellent agreement was obtained between the simulated output waveform and corresponding experimentally measured behavior. The power dissipation is close to 70 nW and signal-to-leakage ratio is 120 dB. The proposed low voltage, ultra-low power analog multiplexer would find application for on-chip neural microprobes and other applications.


The article introduced the sharing construction of the region Synergy medical service platform, through the integrated medical service information system, it constructs a region medical service platform which is unified ,highly effective and Interoperable. And proposed the concrete plan to the network, the data central , specially the method of data acquisition and exchange .


The advanced photon source (APS) recently held a workshop on upgrade options for the APS storage ring. Several options were discussed that included both storage ring and energy recovery linac options. Here we present a storage ring lattice that fits into the APS tunnel and has a number of significant improvements over the existing storage ring. The present APS lattice has 40-fold symmetry with each sector having one 5-m-long straight section for insertion device (ID) placement. Each sector also provides one beamline for radiation from the bending magnet. The upgrade lattice preserves locations of the existing insertion devices but provides for increased ID straight section length to accommodate 8-m-long insertion devices. This lattice also decreases emittance by a factor of two down to 1.6 nm-rad. And last but not least, it provides two additional 2.1-m-long ID straight sections per sector with one of these straight sections being parallel to the existing bending magnet beamline. We also present dynamic aperture optimization, lifetime calculations, and other nonlinear-dynamics-related simulations.


ABSTRACT It is a commonplace in Genocide Studies to say that 'Turkey denies the Armenian genocide'. The Turkish state's official policy towards the Armenian genocide was and is indeed characterized by misrepresentation, mystification and manipulation. But when one gauges what place the Armenian genocide occupies in the social memory of Turkish society, even after nearly a century, a different picture emerges. Even though most direct eyewitnesses to the crime have passed away, oral history interviews yield important insights. Elderly Turks and Kurds in Eastern Turkey often hold vivid memories from family members or fellow villagers who witnessed or participated in the genocide. This article is based on interviews conducted with (grand)children of eyewitnesses to the Armenian genocide. The research suggests there is a clash between official state memory and popular social memory: the Turkish government is denying a genocide that its own population remembers.


In this book a well-known anthropologist traces the evolution of the political role of Islam in Morocco from the seventeenth century to present times. Integrating history and anthropology in a way very different from Clifford Geertz's famous study of 1968, Henry Munson organizes his book around a series of conflicts that have exemplified the myth of the righteous man of God who dares to defy an unjust sultan. Grounding his book in the relevant indigenous texts and on two years of ethnographic fieldwork, Munson suggests a more solidly substantiated alternative to the "social history of the imagination" advocated by Geertz, and he illustrates the consequences of neglecting the historical and symbolic contexts of events by examining Geertz's interpretation of the conflict between the seventeenth-century scholar-cum-saint al-Yusi and the sultan Mulay Ismail. Munson argues that the religious facets of power cannot be understood without reference to factors like force and fear, and he suggests that anthropological analyses of "sacred kingship" in Morocco have often been distorted by their neglect of such matters - and by their failure to distinguish between the religious rhetoric of rulers and the religious beliefs of those they rule. Munson examines the social historical roots of the fundamentalist opposition to the regime of King Hassan II, who has reigned since 1961, and the reasons for its relative weakness when compared with its counterparts in Iran and Algeria. He shows to what extent Moroccan fundamentalism is rooted in classical Islamic notions of "just rule" and to what extent it represents an invented tradition similar to recent forms of politicized revivalism in other religions.


Abstract Cardiac arrest, though rare, is the most feared complication in the pregnant woman as it involves two lives. Most arrests occur because of conditions that result from the pregnancy itself or from preexisting medical conditions exacerbated by the pregnancy. Prompt resuscitative efforts are crucial for favorable outcomes for the mother and fetus. The basic principles of resuscitation during pregnancy such as airway, breathing, and circulation are similar to the resuscitation in a cardiopulmonary arrest in any patient; however, certain modifications are necessary to account for the physiologic changes that occur during the pregnancy. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of the parturient should include uterine tilt or displacement to relieve the compression of the inferior vena cava and aorta by the gravid uterus, intubation using rapid sequence intubation with cricoid pressure, and timely perimortem cesarean section (PMCS). Ideally, the PMCS must be performed within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest if the pregnant woman does not have a return of spontaneous circulation, and resuscitation is deemed unsuccessful. The PMCS is performed if the gestational age is at least 20 weeks or the gravid uterus is evident. A high-quality CPR and multispecialty team approach, consisting of obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, neonatologists, and nursing staff, is essential for survival.


Seven new frameworks [Co3(tib)2(BPT)2(H2O)2]·DMA·2.5H2O (1), [Co3(tib)2(BPT)2(H2O)2]·DMF·3H2O (2), [Ni3(tib)2(BPT)2(H2O)2]·DMF·1.5H2O (3), [Ni3(tib)2(BPT)2(H2O)6]·2H2O (4), [Mn(tib)(H2O)3]·HBPT·DMF·2H2O (5), [Ni3(tib)2(BTB)2(H2O)2]·14H2O (6), and [Co3(tib)2(BTB)2]·2DMF·6H2O (7) [tib = 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene, H3BPT = biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid, H3BTB = 4,4′,4″-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoic acid, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide] were achieved and structurally characterized. 1, 2, and 3 are (3,3,4,4)-connected three-dimensional (3D) frameworks with a point symbol of {83}4{85·12}{86}2, while 4, 6, and 7 are also (3,3,4,4)-connected 3D nets but with different framework structures and topologies. 5 is a two-dimensional network, which is further joined together by hydrogen bonds to generate a 3D supramolecular framework. Gas, vapor, and dye adsorption properties of the frameworks were examined, and 1–7 exhibit hysteretic and selective adsorption of CO2 over N2. Furtherm...


Author(s): Pack, Lawrence; Puri, Ram Anand | Abstract: We present a general method for obtaining a lower bound for the ground state entropy density of the Ising Model with nearest neighbor interactions. Then, using this method, and with a random coupling constant configuration, we obtain a lower bound for the ground state entropy density of the square, triangular, and hexagonal two-dimensional lattices with free, cylindrical, and toroidal boundary conditions.


In the higher mathematics category, routine methods to work out the proof of an inequation are a flexible use of mathematical knowledge like monotonicity of functions, extremum values, maximum and minimum values, convexity function, medium value theorem, Taylor Equation, Holder Inequation, Schwarz Inequation, and the analysis, formation and transformation of inequation problems as well.


Through an ongoing process of co-design and co-discovery we are developing and using visualization to explore large amounts of auxiliary data from unfamiliar sources to understand non-response bias in social surveys. We present auxiliary data in their geographical contexts and show how this can complement traditional data analysis and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the data. This is helping select variables for non-response modelling. These processes are not just limited to non-response analysis, but have potential to be used in wider quantitative analysis in social science.


College students' informal organizations play an important role in the educational management in colleges and universities.The author applies informal organization theory to the management practice of college students' informal organizations,and analyzes their types,characteristics and influence on the formal organizations.Finally,the author puts forth the positive effect of informal organizations and the educational management countermeasures to limit their negative effects.


With the rapid development of informationization process, the demand to collaborate, share, and exchange information between different departments of information systems has become more and more imperative. By introducing the principle of need-to-share and the notion of multi-level object, a multi-level security model of information systems based on the BLP model is proposed. Then, the formal description and security analysis of the multi-level security model is presented. The new security model allows information being securely shared with the right users and protected from the wrong users, while maintaining the multi-level security of information systems.


A finite set of integers with distinct subset sums has a precisely bounded Dirichlet series. Let 1 < ax < a2 < • • • < an be a set of integers for which all of the sums S;=1e,a,, e, = 0 or 1, are distinct. It was conjectured by P. Erdös and proved by C. Ryavec that " i S 1<2. , =, a, We will show that for all real s > 0, s 1 m<1 2~s ' The hypothesis clearly implies for 0 < x < 1 that = 2 xk> (1 + *fl')(l + xa*) •••(! + xa») l~x *=0 and log(l jc) > 2 l°g(l + **), i = i as was observed in [1]. The crucial idea here is that the form |log x\ß dx/x is changed only by a constant factor under the substitution v = x", so integrating we have ,0 dx_ x ñlogO-xJUlOg* •'O >/;iog(i + v)|iog,i^¿(i),+'. Received by the editors May 13, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 10J99, 10-01; Secondary 10A40, 10H05. © American Mathematical Society 1977 179 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see https://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use 180 F. HANSON, J. M. STEELE AND F. STENGER To calculate the first integral we substitute x = e~u, expand log(l — e~u), and integrate term-by-term to obtain T(ß + l)f (ß + 2), where f is the Riemann zeta function. In the same way the second integral is found to be T(ß + l)f (/? + 2)(1 (¿)ß+1). These calculations are valid for all ß > -1, so the theorem follows. Bibliography 1. S. J. Benkowski and P. Erdös, On weird and pseudoperfect numbers, Math. Comp. 28 (1974), 617-623. Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C, Canada V6T 1W5 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see https://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use


The invention relates to a determination method for interfacial tension of a phase-separated polymer blend. The method comprises steps of preparing a polymer blend from two partially-mixable polymers through solution blending or mechanical blending; after the polymer blend is added into a commercial rheometer, heating up or cooling to a measurement temperature to perform annealing treatment with the measurement temperature being the temperature at which phase separation of the polymer blend generates; determining a linear viscoelastic region of the liquid-drop polymer blend having a structure of a "sea-island" shape by utilization of dynamic rheological measurement; subjecting a dynamic frequency scanning test to the polymer blend in the linear viscoelastic region; converting a dynamic frequency scanning curve obtained into a relaxation time spectrum with the time corresponding to the peak value of the relaxation time spectrum being the characteristic relaxation time of liquid drops; and obtaining the interfacial tension of two phases of the polymer blend by utilization of an incidence formula combining the characteristic relaxation time and the interfacial tension.


This paper presents a methodological approach to assessing the technical level of space systems of Earth remote sensing (SSERSs) and geostationary satellite communication systems (GSCSs) developed by the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine together with Yuzhnoye State Design Office. The approach allows one to substantially increase calculation quality and reduce the human factor effect in the determination of this index. This is achieved due to a high level of formalization of the technical level quantification process and the use of mathematical methods employed in the modern decision making theory. The technical level index is a qualitative measure of the perfection of a product and the quality of the products (services) produced with its use. The technical level index is one of the key techno-economic indices of development work. The value of the technical level index is a determining factor (together with the development and operation costs) of the competitiveness of a newly developed space system. The identity of the SSERS and GSCS technical structure, especially that of the platforms of SSERS and GSCS spacecraft, made it possible to construct a unified methodological approach to solving the problem of quantitative assessment of the SSERS and GSCS technical level index. The difference will only be in details of technical level calculation algorithms. The major difference is in the choice of an optimal set of particular technical efficiency indices for each space system. The methodological approach is based on a mathematical model of Saaty's analytic hierarchy process extended by the authors to include mathematical models for accounting as fully as possible for the SSERS and GSCS technical features and checking for errors and contradictions in the judgments of the experts who take part in the preparation of basic data on immeasurable or hard-to-measure SSERS and GSCS techno-economic indices. Based on the presented methodological approach, one may develop a state-of the-art sectorial methodology for SSERS and GSCS technical level quantification.


The selection of sustainable indicators is crucial in measuring and understanding the required targets within the theme of sustainability for an energy system. This is because sustainability, as a term, is used in several fields and covers a variety of indicators based on the problem's context and identity. Each researcher looks at sustainability from their own perspective and selects the indicators which align best with their objectives and their understanding of the topic. This paper aims to implement a systematic approach to choosing the sustainable indicators for Bahrain's electrical production with renewables. The proposed framework analyses the frequency of indicators in a sample of 73 studies and screens them in accordance with the selection principles and experts' views. The results reveal 15 indicators with strong relevance to sustainable growth for the power sector with renewables. These indicators are classified as either qualitative or quantitative, depending on our case study's context and the appropriate practice according to the literature. Finally, each of the selected indicators was defined to reflect its intended purpose in our study, since the common practice within the present literature is to provide such indicators without explaining their actual purpose.


Phase equilibria at 800 °C in the concentration part up to 33.3 at. % Tb of the Tb–Ni–C system were determined. Three ternary compounds Tb 11 Ni 60 C 6 , Tb 2 Ni 5 C 3 and TbNiC 2 have been found to occur at thermodynamically equilibrium conditions. Crystal structure of TbNiC 2 was refined by means of a single crystal X-ray diffraction method: structure type CeNiC 2 , space group Amm2, a = 3.6010(7) Å, b = 4.5110(9) Å, c = 6.046(1) Å, R 1 = 2.2 %, wR 2 = 5.2 %. Real-space chemical bonding analysis indicates the TbNiC 2 compound represents a unique series of ternary carbide structures stabilized by complex interaction of different types of chemical bonding.


The acute-phase response is critical to the body's ability to successfully respond to injury. It normally lasts only few days; however, if continued unchecked, the acute phase response may contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory states, tissue damage and disease. The acute phase response is typically characterized by fever and changes in vascular permeability, along with profound changes in the biosynthetic profile of various acute phase proteins (APPs) (Hack et al., 1997, Gabay & Kushner, 1999). APPs are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins produced mainly in the liver in response to infection and inflammation. In all mammalian species, the synthesis of the APPs is mainly regulated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). For instance, haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and hemopexin are regulated mainly by IL-1 or combinations of IL-1 and IL-6, whereas fibrinogen, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) are regulated by IL-6 (Koj, 1985; Kushner & Mackiewicz, 1993). Exogenous glucocorticoids can also influence APPs by their effect on cytokines. The decreased synthesis of albumin during the inflammatory reaction has also been shown to be the result of monocyte/macrophage-derived products, such as IL1 (Moshage et al., 1987). The concentration of specific blood APPs varies during inflammatory states; increasing or decreasing by at least 25 percent (Kushner et al., 1982). Indeed, ceruloplasmin concentrations can increase by 50 percent and CRP and serum amyloid A by a 1000-fold (Kushner et al., 1981; Dinarello, 1983; Blackburn, 1994; Gruys et al., 1994; Ingenbleek & Bernstein, 1999). The rise in the plasma concentration of APPs can assist host defense by aiding recognition of invading microbes, mobilization of leukocytes into the circulation, and increasing blood flow to injured or infected sites. These actions favor the accumulation of effector molecules and leukocytes at locally inflamed sites; in essence, they enhance local inflammation and antimicrobial defense. Concurrently, the APPs also prevent inflammation in uninvolved tissues by neutralizing inflammation-induced molecules (such as cytokines, proteases, and oxidants) that enter the bloodstream, by diminishing the proinflammatory responses of circulating leukocytes, and by forestalling endothelial activation.


The most significant deficiency of interactive ray tracers is that they are restricted to static walkthroughs. This restriction is due to the static nature of the acceleration structures used. While the best reported frame-rates for static geometric models have been achieved using carefully constructed k-d trees, this paper shows that bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) can be used to efficiently ray trace large static models. More importantly, the BVH can be used to ray trace deformable models (sets of triangles whose positions change over time) with little loss of performance. A variety of serial efficiency techniques are used to achieve this efficiency, but three algorithmic changes to the typical BVH algorithm are mainly responsible. First, the BVH is built using a variant of the "surface area heuristic" usually used to build k-d trees. Second, the topology of the BVH is not changed over time so that only bounding volume positions need be changed from frame to frame. Third, packets of rays are traced together through the BVH allowing rapid hierarchy descent for packets that hit bounding volumes, and rapid exits for packets that fully miss. A BVH-based ray tracer is described with performance on deformable models comparable to that previously available only for static models. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Raytracing, Animation, Color, Shading, Shadowing, and Texture


We prove existence, uniqueness, regularity and smooth dependence of the weak solution on the initial data for a semilinear, first order, dissipative hyperbolic system with discontinuous coefficients. Such hyperbolic systems have successfully been used to model the dynamics of distributed feedback multisection semiconductor lasers. We show that in a function space of continuous functions the weak solutions generate a smooth skew product semiflow. Using slow fast structure and dissipativity we prove the existence of smooth exponentially attracting invariant centre manifolds for the non‐autonomous model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This very comprehensive report is in 10 chapters followed by 6 Appendices and a comprehensive index (pp. 11) – it also contains a number of color figures, graphs etc which improves the reader friendly nature of this topic of growing international importance. It is perhaps the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific, technical and economic assessment of the options to mitigate climate change and the costs involved. This report:


Harbin metro line 1 is rebuilt from a civil air defense tunnel. The finite element method (FEM) analysis of the effect of chiseling the side lining and invert on remaining lining in the large cross-section tunnel shows that the arch's moment and axial force increases while that of the invert slightly decreases, and the structure is destroyed. It can ensure the remaining lining is safe to apply permanent concrete wall support and temporary steel support as supplementary method. Interval excavation method can make full use of spatial support effect of the remaining sections to reduce ground settlement. The numerical result roughly follows the same regularity as field measures.


Phase field modeling provides an efficient tool for the study of domain evolution in ferroelectric materials. Such models naturally introduce an inner length scale which represents the width of the interfaces between domains (domain walls). This inner length scale is of the order of a few unit cells, i.e. about 0.8 nm–2 nm. The focus of this contribution is on size effects in a) the switching behavior of ferroelectric thin films and b) the microstructure evolution in ferroelectric nanodots. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this study, we report results of an investigation into the failure of Ni60Nb15Ti15Zr10 amorphous alloys occurring during hydrogen permeation performed at 473 K and 573 K. However, the amorphous membrane did not fail during test performed at higher temperatures (673 K and 773 K). The failure of the Pd-coated Ni60Nb15Ti15Zr10 amorphous ribbon is attributed to the cracking of the hydrogenated Pd coating induced by the formation of α′ hydride phase in the low temperature range.                                                                                0


Wetlands are one of the earth's most important ecosystem which provides food and habitat for aquatic life. Charan beel is an oxbow shaped wetland, situated in the district of Morigaon, Assam. The fresh water, perennial, large, lentic water bodies are popularly known as 'Beel' in Assam. Determination of land use and land cover changes in the wetland was done by using Remote Sensing and GIS. Buffer operation of the wetland was done for two kilometers to assess the land use change in and around the beel for 1998, 2008 and 2018. Eight land use and land cover types were identified using a handheld GPS receiver. The main objective of this paper is to determine the various physico-chemical parameters of Charan beel like water temperature, PH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The minimum and maximum values, mean values, standard deviations along with the Karl Pearson's correlation coefficients were also calculated and the results indicate significant positive and negative relationships among the different physico-chemical parameters. The high value of PH and dissolved oxygen obtained during the winter season and showed the inverse relation with temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, free carbon dioxide, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand. The maximum value of temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand found in the Monsoon. The study revealed that the water quality is rich in total dissolved solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content which indicates that the wetland is moderately eutrophicated.


Backgroud: Periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been reported with promising effects, but some results still remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficiency and safety of PMDI technique in TKA. Methods: We systematically conducted an electronic search in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (SCI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Two independent reviewers completed data collection and assessment of methodological quality according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1. The quality of evidence of outcomes was judged using GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software. Results: Ten studies including eight trials with 1216 TKAs in 835 patients met the inclusion criteria. The short-term results of meta-analysis showed that technique of PMDI in TKA was associated with significantly improved pain scores on the day of surgery and postoperative 1 day [MD = −1.07, 95% CI (−1.43, −0.71), p p p p p = 0.84], hospital stay [MD = −0.20, 95% CI (−1.18, 0.79), p = 0.70], wound complication [OR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.31, 2.04), p = 0.63] and deep vein thrombosis [OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.42, 1.78), p = 0.69] between both groups. Conclusions: Periarticular injection with multimodal drugs in TKA has significant short-term advantages in pain relief, functional recovery, and narcotic consumption with fewer rates of complications (nausea or vomiting and rash or pruritus). Further well-designed RCTs are still needed to investigate the long-term efficiency of PMDI in patients undergoing TKA.


The distribution of an Onchocerca volvulus ankyrin, designated EI, was studied in different O. volvulus stages and other helminths by immunohistochemistry using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant EI protein.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of housing related to characters, objectives, and contents of FCS curricular from the 1st to 2009 revised curriculum of secondary school. The data were downloaded from the NCIC homepage(http://ncic.re.kr/2012. 04. 08) from the 1st(1955. 08) to 2009 revised curriculum(2012. 03) of secondary school. After examining the characters and objectives of each curriculum, contents of housing was analyzed by units and context elements of middle and high school separately. The titles of the subject, the objectives, the instructions, the leaning spheres, weekly hours, grade and gender of candidates, the emphasis of the instruction, etc. have been changed through the curriculum revision. The 6 th curriculum was the main period to open to both genders, the 7 th was the period to combine with technology, the 2007 version was to change the structure of contents of home economics, and the 2009 version switched technology·home economics from mandatory to optional in high school. The character of the courses was presented at the 1st curriculum, but it was left out from the 2 nd to 5 th curriculum. From the 6 th curriculum, the characters were separately given to middle and high school. The character of housing area started to appear only in high school home economics from the 7 th curriculum. The course objectives were described in all curriculum of both middle and high school. This applies to housing area as well. The course objectives have been modified in order to reflect value changes due to social issues. During each curriculum, contents of housing continued to change in context, course load, and candidates. Reflection of housing trends and social needs were the main causes of the change. 2009 version emphasizes on eco-life and sense of community.


OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique has been widely adopted in many wireless communication systems due to its high data-rate transmission ability and robustness to the multipath fading channel. One major drawback of the OFDM signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem. The high PAPR results in the in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation when the OFDM signal is fed into a nonlinear power amplifier (PA). Large fluctuations of OFDM signal amplitude represents a major drawback for amplification in mobile communication systems. This paper enumerate an idea about comparison of PAPR reduction schemes in terms of its performance. Clipping at nyquist and oversampled rate, and Partial transmit sequence (PTS) method of PAPR reduction are considered here for comparison in terms of Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) and Bit error rate.


The right to employment commonly considered as a privilege exclusive to individuals to dispose their capacity for work in the form they wish is the essential or fundamental unalienable individual right. In this quality this right is kept in all supreme laws of advanced states starting from the second half of the twentieth century making clear to all that the wage-earning labour is one of the most important phenomena produced by a social life to tie up members of different social groups. Thus it is enshrined in relevant legal forms (laws, codes, regulations etc.). Being a product of legislation and forming logically complete bodies of rules to deal with labour as a particular social phenomenon, these forms evidence of a separate field of law (labour law) in national systems of law. With respect to this it can hardly be necessary to state that in line with other fields of law underlying modern systems of law much has been changed in labour law since the time when this right of employment was first introduced into national law forms in the nineteenth century as a fundamental individual right of those closely connected with a territory of a corresponding community. Now we may say that there is little or sometimes even no connection between domicile and place of employment, when individuals change locations for a better life by crossing borders of different sovereign states. This accordingly affects concepts underlying labour law in national systems of law with a corresponding effect to labour environment. But what remains unchangeable is fundamental principles and rights at work to take appropriate measures in dealing with labour (nature, character and effect of this particular social phenomenon). These are universally accepted material law principles guiding and encouraging employees, employers and sovereign states around this increasingly interconnected world in accordance with a particular pattern. That is the balance of interests of capital and labour. The main idea is to prevent burdensome forms of work organisation in accordance with a general principle of our time advanced in most jurisdictions that the work should be adapted to the worker. For this very reason, in this short article we would like to take an opportunity to address the issue as to whether in the age of sanctity of property and labour, nature and character of employment exert substantial influence on private international law regulation, on devices used by legislators in this particular sphere of regulation. These are directly applicable rules, conflict of law rules, uniform material law rules and international jurisdiction rules, which make up a separate field of law in national systems of law to deal with legal and jurisdictional conflicts of the time and place arising in a private law sphere. Here we would also like to uncover the employment status of an individual in private international law paying particular attention to expression, recognition and protection of labour rights exercised on a cross-border basis and make practicable proposals. This all in order to try to think of tomorrow as well as of today private international law and treat accordingly particular legal issues coming before it.


Aim: Basic guidance on nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques in dental practice is fundamental for the effective treatment of pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to compare the use of basic nonpharmacological behavior guidance in general and specialist pediatric dentists and to evaluate the perceived difference in their effectiveness across hospital clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a nonpurposive sample of 179 registered general and pediatric dentists in the Saudi Dental Society based in Jeddah in 2019. Participants were contacted and asked to complete a validated questionnaire. The first section of the questionnaire comprised questions on demographic data and the second section investigated the frequency of the use of various behavioral management techniques. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics were used. Results: A total of 109 participants completed the survey; 52 were general dentists and 57 were pediatric dentists. The techniques tell–show–do (P = .018), positive reinforcement (P = .004), distraction (P = .001), and nonverbal communication (P = .001) were used more frequently by pediatric dentists than general dentists, and there were statistically significant differences. Also, pediatric dentists reported that the techniques tell–show–do (P = 0.035), positive reinforcement (P = .026), distraction (P = .011), and nonverbal communication (P = .007) were highly effective more often than general dentists did. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between general and pediatric dentists in the use of basic behavioral management techniques. Broadly, general dentists used fewer behavior guidance techniques compared to pediatric dentists. More pediatric dentists reported that behavioral management techniques were effective in comparison to general dentists.


The purpose of the study was to determine the challenges, opportunities and strategies for farmers engaged in dairy farming, with a focus on small scale dairy farmers in Ruai Area, Nairobi County. The study aimed at exploring opportunities available for farmers who venture in dairy farming, determining challenges affecting dairy farmers and determining strategies to encourage more farmers to venture in dairy farming enterprise. A descriptive research design was used to provide for observation and description of the behavior of the subjects in an objective manner. The target population were small scale dairy farmers from Ruai, Nairobi County. The research population consisted of 80 small scale dairy farmers at Ruai Nairobi County and through the use of simple random sampling technique, a selection of 67 respondents was determined. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, the study adopted a descriptive and inferential statistics in data analysis and presentation. For descriptive statistics, the study adopted percentage and frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, mean and standard deviation. While for inferential statistics, the study used factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Data was presented by way of Tables and Figures. The study in the first objective explored how opportunities available for farmers who venture in dairy farming influenced dairy farming enterprise in Ruai, Nairobi County. The study found that farmers who are more innovative enhance their level of income. The study also revealed that effective extension services provide farmers with information that helps them to


Integrating embedded systems into next-generation vehicles is proliferating as they increase safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. These functionalities are provided by hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate with each other using various protocols that, if not properly designed, may be vulnerable to local or remote attacks. The paper presents a vehicle-security operation center for improving automotive security (V-SOC4AS) to enhance the detection, response, and prevention of cyber-attacks in the automotive context. The goal is to monitor in real-time each subsystem of intra-vehicle communication, that is controller area network (CAN), local interconnect network (LIN), FlexRay, media oriented systems transport (MOST), and Ethernet. Therefore, to achieve this goal, security information and event management (SIEM) was used to monitor and detect malicious attacks in intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle communications: messages transmitted between vehicle ECUs; infotainment and telematics systems, which provide passengers with entertainment capabilities and information about the vehicle system; and vehicular ports, which allow vehicles to connect to diagnostic devices, upload content of various types. As a result, this allows the automation and improvement of threat detection and incident response processes. Furthermore, the V-SOC4AS allows the classification of the received message as malicious and non-malicious and acquisition of additional information about the type of attack. Thus, this reduces the detection time and provides more support for response activities. Experimental evaluation was conducted on two state-of-the-art attacks: denial of service (DoS) and fuzzing. An open-source dataset was used to simulate the vehicles. V-SOC4AS exploits security information and event management to analyze the packets sent by a vehicle using a rule-based mechanism. If the payload contains a CAN frame attack, it is notified to the SOC analysts.


Abstract : This thesis was focused on identifying the critical variables which contribute to absence behavior among active duty and civilian Air Force personnel. A review of the absenteeism literature helped to identify several of these variables. They are job attachment, non-job attachment, and absence inducing events. A survey instrument was constructed and administered in an Air Force unit. The objectives of the survey was to measure the three critical variables and absence frequency for a population of both military and civilian personnel for analysis. Statistical analysis suggested refinement of the job attachment and non-job attachment constructs into five, more specific variables -- job satisfaction, job commitment, central life interest, attachment to family and friends, and attachment to community and church. Further analysis indicated that organizational policy is an important variable in determining the type of absences individuals take. The manner in which all the variables related with on another in the analysis gave rise to several areas for future research and also provided practical management insights for Air Force leaders.


. Making Clothes on the Qin bamboo slips unearthed from the midstream area of Changjiang River – the Han settlement is an authentic record of costume cutting skill in the Qin Dynasty. This is the first time the cutting technique of JIAO YU was found. Classic Research on SHEN YI and Examine SHEN YI summarizes the textual research of early cutting skills for SHEN YI in the Qing Dynasty, where the cutting technique of JIAO JIE was mentioned. JIAO YU and JIAO JIE are essentially the same cutting technique, without any waste. This technique doesn't exist in neither traditional Han ethnic group clothing nor modern fashion product but is found in Tibetan robes. Moreover, the technique has been inherited in the Tibetan areas even today. These techniques are the soul of Chinese traditional costume culture. They are not only the direct expression for spirit respect and thrift wisdom, but also the lifeblood for consistent inheritance of Tibetan clothing. Compared to the ideology of nature revering and thrift advocating from JIAO YU, the prevailing design concept of low carbon in the modern fashion world seems to be impractical. Our aesthetics of intervention with too much decoration appears to be far less clever than our ancestors.


Motivated by the notion of extremal vertex operator algebras, we investigate cyclic orbifolds of vertex operator algebras coming from extremal even self-dual lattices in $d=48$ and $d=72$. In this way we construct about one hundred new examples of holomorphic VOAs with a small number of low weight states.


Remote sensing equipment and automatic data processing techniques were employed as aids in the institution of improved forest resource management methods. On the basis of automatically calculated statistics derived from manually selected training samples, the feature selection processor of LARSYS selected, upon consideration of various groups of the four available spectral regions, a series of channel combinations whose automatic classification performances (for six cover types, including both deciduous and coniferous forest) were tested, analyzed, and further compared with automatic classification results obtained from digitized color infrared photography.


This paper portrays the usage of Micro-turbine with heat recovery system in Bus. Obviously micro-turbine system is presently a days drawing in awesome thoughtfulness regarding address clients issue and decrease of fuel utilization. Coagulation of heat recovery system builds the system efficiency. This system is much compelling in diminishment of fuel utilization in correlation with ordinary diesel and gas engine. The system which is given in this address conveys an series connection of the system.


According to an embodiment, provided is a method for controlling a portable device, comprising a step for detecting an unlock triggering signal in the case that an expandable device is in a first mode; a step for switching into a second mode displaying an unlocking interface on an expandable display in the case that an unlock triggering signal is detected; a step for, if a touch input signal to the unlocking interface is detected while the portable device is in the second mode, recognizing a touch input pattern from the detected input signal and, if the recognized touch input pattern matches with the predetermined pattern, switching the portable device into a third mode; a step for, if the expandable display is extended while the portable device is in the second mode, reflecting an extension of the expandable display in the unlocking interface and then displaying the extension and, if the extent of the extended expandable display exceeds a first threshold, switching the portable device into the third mode.


The invention discloses an indicating method of a positioning system information sending window, a terrestrial radio location signal sending device, a wireless communication access point, a radio location terminal and a wireless communication access point-assisted positioning system. The indicating method comprises the following step: indication information for indicating the position of a positioning system information sending window is sent into a service area from a first carrier sent by a first wireless communication access point complying with a first wireless communication mode. The sending mode of positioning system information is specifically as follows: in a positioning system information sending window carried by a second carrier sent by the first wireless communication access point complying with a first or second wireless communication mode, or in a positioning system information sending window carried by the first carrier sent by a second wireless communication access point complying with the first wireless communication mode, positioning system information is sent to the radio location terminal. According to the invention, base station downlink capacity and spectrum resource occupation can be avoided.


Searching method in a video content, comprising: 1) a video fingerprint extraction step of extracting video fingerprint plurality of video files; 2) video fingerprint segmentation step, step 1) extracted video fingerprints word; 3) index generating step, generating a video fingerprint index according to step 2) of the result word; 4) search step, by using the video index search fingerprint matching video files. The present invention, by using the word art text search engine on-view video fingerprint file word processing, then using a text search field indexing technique view video fingerprint indexing process, the indexing process is completed, the search engine may be a user input view video clips of the search. Not only convenient for users to search, but also improve the efficiency of the search.


New Orleans - There is a lot of controversy when it comes to the use of lasers in cosmetic facial surgery. Some of the most hotly debated issues center around whether photodynamic therapy has finally arrived. Other burning questions persist regarding the efficacy of UVB lasers and light sources. For instance, does laser treatment for facial acne really work? Other questions go beyond the proper use of lasers to probe proper laser choice. For instance, to rejuvenate the skin, is it better to use combination lasers or pulse light therapy?


There is much discussion among clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health experts about why case fatality rate from COVID-19 in Italy (at 13.3% as of April 20, 2020, versus a global case fatality rate of 6.9%) is considerably higher than estimates from other countries (especially China, South Korea, and Germany). In this article, we propose several potential explanations for these differences. We suggest that Italy's overall and relative case fatality rate, as reported by public health authorities, is likely to be inflated by such factors as heterogeneous reporting of coronavirus-related fatalities across countries and the iceberg effect of under-testing, yielding a distorted view of the global severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also acknowledge that deaths from COVID-19 in Italy are still likely to be higher than in other equally affected nations due to its unique demographic and socio-economic profile. Lastly, we discuss the important role of the stress imparted by the epidemic on the Italian healthcare system, which weakened its capacity to adequately respond to the sudden influx of COVID-19 patients in the most affected areas of the country, especially in the Lombardy region.