The BPMN standard is largely adopted by industry and academia due to its intuitive graphical notation. Nevertheless, fully understanding the behaviour of BPMN collaboration models may be difficult when dealing at the same time with multiple instances, exchange of messages, and data manipulation. Figuring out the interplay between such concepts by statically looking at models is in general error-prone and time-consuming. To overcome this issue we provide a novel model animator tool, called MIDA. It turns out to be an effective supporting tool for enhancing the understanding of BPMN collaborations and debugging errors that can easily arise in modelling them.


Abstract The milestones which have marked the development of today's liquid crystal display and liquid crystal material technologies are reviewed. The main emphasis is placed on the predominant nematic field effects and liquid crystals.


Two questions in rock and soil construction are analyzed and discussed about "why is standard value f k of load bearing force in shallow foundation always much less than standard value q pk of load bearing force at the pile end in the same formation?" and "is it possible for the treated foundation to be corrected in the deep and wide range?".


Rapid urbanization and geographical patterns in recent decades have encouraged tourism as one of the biggest industry and the most important goal for many countries. Due to this reason in recent years, tourism and recreational places have been considered enough importance. In this discussion, the potentiality of Lavasan city has been considered in developing tourism industry. The aim of this investigation includes studying and describing the potential and some eco-tourism options to develop eco-tourism and geo-tourism in Lavasan. GIS and standards of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) were used for evaluation followed by short analysis.


Exotic nuclei are usually defined as those with unusual N/Z ratios. They can be found in the crust of neutron stars enbedded in a sea of electrons or created in laboratory by fragmentation of a primary beam (in-flight method) or of the target (ISOL method). They are extremely important for nuclear astrophysics, see for example Ref.[1]. Furthermore by studying them we can check the limits of validity of nuclear reaction and structure models. This contribution will be devoted to the understanding of how by using reaction theory and comparing to the data we can extract structure information. We shall discuss the differences between the mechanisms of transfer and breakup reactions, an we will try to explain how nowadays it is possible to do accurate spectroscopy in extreme conditions.


Tendon transfers pptay an important role in reconstructive foot and ankle surgery. Multiple methods for fixation of tendon to bone are used including suture of tendon to periosteum, suture into bone troughs, suture anchors, and passage through bone tunnels. With the increasing populatity of hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions has come new fixation technology. Soft-tissue interference screws have been introduced that allow fixation of tendons into bone tunnels without the need for bone blocks.' Bioabsorbable versions of these screws have been shown to have equivalent or areater initial fixation than their titanium count em art^.^,^ We have recently begun using soft-tissue inierference screw fixation for tendon transfer in the foot. Our initial biomechanical studies in a foot and ankle model suggest its efficacy. Our originaf indication for use of an interference screw was graft length limitation. As part of our reconstruction for posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, we commonly transfer the flexor digitorum longus through a bone tunnef in the navicular, and suture the tendon back to itself. fn a case where sufficient length was not available, rather than rely on the tendon sewn to periosteum, we achieved fixation with a biodegradable interference screw. Since that time, we have confirmed the strength of this fixation method with a biomechanicai study? Several additional tendon transfers have been fixed with this technique without complication. Transfer of the posterior tibial tendon through the interosseus membrane for drop foot and split anterior tibial tendon transfer are also potential indications for interference screw fixation of the tendon transfer in the bony tunnef, Commonly, fixation for these transfers involves the use of felt and a button on the plantar aspect of the foot.5 The tension required can result in


ISSN: 0890-5495 (Print) 1477-2663 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gncc20 Romance's Rival: Familiar Marriage in Victorian Fiction Jill Rappoport To cite this article: Jill Rappoport (2018): Romance's Rival: Familiar Marriage in Victorian Fiction, Nineteenth-Century Contexts, DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2018.1432265 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2018.1432265


This paper presents a light pollution risk assessment indicator system based on the four principles of index system construction. The system consists of eight categories of primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators, established through three rounds of Delphi screening and correlation analysis. Using the Topsis entropy weighting method, the paper scores the indicators and finds that urban communities have the highest score and the most serious light pollution, while protected areas have the lowest score and the least light pollution. By using one-way ANOVA to analyze the influence of secondary indicators on light pollution in each region, the paper concludes that there is a significant difference between the different area types in the composite score index, with protected land sites being the least contaminated by risk and urban communities being the most contaminated.


Using the concept of superconducting suspension of the inner tank in an outer vessel, the authors have designed and constructed a prototype of a liquid-hydrogen storage tank for automotive application. In contrast to the earlier model with planar design of the bearing, they used a rotationally symmetric arrangement with the inner tank suspended over a central frame bar. The bearing consists of superconducting rings fixed to the central tube of the inner tank and a system of permanent magnets mounted on the frame bar. No additional cooling of the superconductors (YBaCuO rings prepared by a modified multi-seeding process and Bi-2212 rings prepared by the melt cast process) is required. For suspension of the tank in the warm state above Tc, they used newly developed actuators with main springs made of shape-memory alloy. When the tank is filled with liquid hydrogen, the actuators release the tank, thereby providing absolutely passive activation of the bearing.


This paper reports on a study about the e-business adoption level by small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Brazil, related to equalities and differences between these sizes of companies. This article aims to identify the relationships between the adoption level and some characteristics such as geographic region, size, sector and use of outsourcing in Information Technology (IT) services. The study has used secondary data from TIC Empresas 2011 research, which was composed of a sample of over 3,000 small and medium-sized Brazilian companies, selected through statistical sampling procedures, random selection and weighing, so that analysis involving these data can be extended to Brazilian reality. Main results showed that the most part of enterprises has a very low e-business adoption level, that medium enterprises have significantly higher levels than small ones, and that exists relationships between adoption level and size, sector and use of outsourcing in IT services, but there is no relationship with the geographic region. Full Paper PDF: http://www.contecsi.fea.usp.br/envio/11contecsi-files/papers/1026/submission/director/1026-2591-1-DR.pdf


Human re-identification is to match persons observed in non-overlapping camera views with visual features for inter camera tracking. Person re-identification in a non-overlapping multi-camera scenario is an open and interesting challenge. Humans are inherently able to sample those relevant people's details that allow us to correctly solve the problem in a fraction of a second. But the task can hardly be completed by machines. Human salience is distinctive and reliable information in matching persons across disjoint camera views. So a saliency based approach can be used to re-identify persons in video. The model includes three stages: I) input processing, ii) video processing, iii) matching. The proposed person representation combines visual features either considering or not the saliency. The proposed approach has been extensively evaluated on 3DPes public datasets.


In ten days, I'll be on a plane to Europe to join many of you at the EAA annual conference in person for the first time since we met in Bern in 2019. I've missed seeing so many friends and colleagues in person, but I also know that the accessibility of hybrid conferences to lower income and disabled archaeologists as well as those with caring responsibilities is not something we want to lose. There is also the environmental impact of people like me flying around the world for a conference, and that is no small thing. If there's one lesson to learn from the past two years (and there are, of course, many more than one), it's that just because something has always been done in a given way, that's not necessarily the only or the best way. As we face the effects of climate change head on, flexibility, community support, and the power to imagine and work towards a better world are some of our strongest virtues. In this issue of the European Journal of Archaeology we feature six articles and five book reviews. The articles this issue have a strong prehistoric focus but also include an important quantitative analysis of early medieval dietary changes and the reviews are extremely diverse, ranging from Bronze Age metallurgy to analytical methods. These include two further reviews in our special 'Reviewing the Classics' section. Januszek and colleagues start this issue with a topic near and dear to my heart: third millennium BC lithic technology. They apply a variety of macroscopic and microscopic analyses to 24 ground flint arrowheads from Suprasĺ 3 in north-eastern Poland to explore the unique chaîne opératoire and the significance of these pieces. This analysis is further nuanced as the arrowheads themselves are from ritual contexts. They connect these arrowheads to innovative practices by people on the periphery of the Bell Beaker world. This sort of creative reinterpretation is increasingly recognized as a special feature of communities in margins or frontier zones, and the arrowheads presented here neatly support the model. Instead of identifying a new type of grave, Brück and Booth return to a very wellstudied assemblage of British Bronze Age burials with new methods to ask: what if these burials don't represent a single moment in time? Building on a major radiocarbon dating campaign as well as histological and contextual analysis, they argue that some individuals seem to have been buried one or more generations after death. This implies a period during which human remains circulated in the community, perhaps remaining somewhat 'alive' in a social sense; and it further calls into question our attempts to understand individual identity through the analysis of grave goods. Schaefer-Di Maida also offers a re-evaluation of a known type of Bronze Age site, in this case the so-called 'cooking stone pits' from northern Europe. These pits of fire-cracked stones vary in size, shape, layout, and age. A function in food preparation or European Journal of Archaeology 25 (4) 2022, 417–418


A theoretical model for calculating the Young's modulus of multi-layer microcantilevers with a coating is proposed, and validated by a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization. Compared with typical theoretical models (Rayleigh-Ritz model, Euler-Bernoulli (E-B) beam model and spring mass model), the proposed theoretical model can obtain Young's modulus of multi-layer microcantilevers more precisely. Also, the influences of coating's geometric dimensions on Young's modulus and resonant frequency of microcantilevers are discussed. The thickness of coating has a great influence on Young's modulus and resonant frequency of multi-layer microcantilevers, and the coating should be considered to calculate Young's modulus more precisely, especially when fairly thicker coating is employed.


The report presents a finite element model for a two-span jointless HPC bridge built in Dickson County, Tennessee. The model accounts for prestress in the girders, reinforcing bars in girders, deck slab, and substructure. It also allows for material nonlinearities in concrete, abutment backfill materials, and the supporting piles. The results of a series of simulations are presented accounting for truck loading, as well as temperature, creep and shrinkage effects. A series of parametric studies are also undertaken to determine the effects of angle of skew on distribution factors. All computer simulation results are compared with actual test data accumulated over a period of four years from live load tests as well as continuous monitoring temperature, deflection, and strain variations resulting from environmental actions. Important conclusions and recommendations are made in the final chapter.


AbstractMicrobiological studies were undertaken to investigate the type of micro-organisms to be found on degrading cellulose triacetate photographic film. It was found that Pseudomonas species are the most common micro-organisms present on the film materials tested. This is not surprising, as Pseudomonas bacteria are to be found in most environments.However, micro-organisms were found which are capable of liquefying gelatin and it is suggested that such micro-organisms may be responsible for the softening of the emulsion layer, one of the characteristics of badly degraded film. These organisms were found to be more commonly present on the loioer pH films, particularly on those films having a pH in the range of 4.00 to 4.50.Two years after completion of the study it emerged that some of the micro-organisms isolated are now implicated in nosocomial and ocular infections, (namely Pseudomonas cepacia, Xanthomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumanni). Their isolation from archival film material may be a ca...


The contemporary city is a place of complexity and contradiction, of instability and dispersion (Bauman, 2000; Secchi, 2000). Indeed, as it appears nowadays the territory, it is extremely difficult to interpret and represent it through traditional analytical methods and cartography. The condition of nomadism in which we live stems not only from evolutionary changes but also from continuous rapid change in cultural environments, consumption sites and scientific, technical, economic and mental landscapes (Koolhaas et al., 2001; Landrove, 1997). Researchers have therefore imported from other disciplines ways to see, research, explain and represent the city and the natural, mental, virtual places in which we live, constructing proper methods of transversal, multilevel decodification and analysis. In order to give suitable terms and explain such new sites, several academics have tested maps, words and multimedia images, hypertext, software, able to render this complexity and to permit readability, which have created in most cases new interpretations of urban features (Gausa et al., 2003). Starting from such premises, the aim of this work is to investigate new methods and tools to analyse the urban area and landscape as well as identify new elements of contemporary urban identity which may lead to cultural change. Four main categories of approach, the virtual, multiscale, lateral and nomadic, were identified, involving mapping (Careri, 2002; Boeri, 2003; Mitchell, 1996; MVRDV, 2002). These categories of approch are not separate entities but intersect at several points, through which the main elements characterising contemporary urban identity can be identified. The new urban facts of the territory are the networks, the empty spaces and infrastructures, the new containers (urban attractors/shopping centres/malls) and the urban perceptions. They are not easily identifiable neither can be represented through a traditional planimetric relief; however, they have an extraordinary ability of penetration into the different parts of the city. A subsequent investigation should aim to compare the various methodological approaches, to find other elements and try to construct the scenes of transformation of the future metropolis focusing on the different conceptual and disciplinary implications.


This study examines why a large technology transfer organization (TTO) of a university selects between two governance modes ? fixed payment and performance-based contracts ? to license its inventions. We suggest that the tacit knowledge which underlies an invention, and the knowledge accrued by TTO with different governance modes influence the type of licensing contract. We argue that as tacit knowledge, represented by the presence of experienced inventors and star scientists in an inventor team, increases, the TTO is more likely to prefer performance contracts. However, at any given level of tacitness, the TTO?s domain experience influences the type of contract signed. We test our predictions using data on the choice of fixed versus performance contracts to license 964 inventions. In addition to being a novel setting that allows for the decoupling of invention and governance capability, this study explains why heterogeneity in the source of governance capability attenuates or exacerbates the link between invention capability and the use of performance contracts.


The results of analysis of sludge waste of Samara Steel Work are given in the article. The necessity of joint application of sludge waste and ortho-phosphoric acid is shown to obtain liquid phosphate binders that are to add water into heat resistant concrete and mixtures. It is stated that analyzed sludge is a nano-industrial raw material, this fact simplifies the process of liquid phosphate binders synthesizing.


This paper examines the development of Wine Tourism in the country of Chile. In particular it looks at the different approaches that are being adopted by both private and public organisations in Chile, in order to promote the country to the 'Wine Tourist', as both an attractive holiday destination and, as a provider of quality wines. Chile has much to offer the tourist. A unique landscape, a wide range of climates, and an interesting culture and history which together provide a wealth of differing holiday opportunities. Although wine can be a prime motivator for tourists visiting the country, for example, embarking on wine tours with specialist international travel companies, such as Arblaster and Clarke (http://arblaster&clarke.ww‐c.co.uk), wine can also be a secondary activity that can be enjoyed as just part of a holiday. For example, tourists might take an opportunity to 'sign up' for a half day tour to a winery provided by a local company or simply 'drop in' to a winery in order to taste and possibly buy some wine when travelling through a wine growing area.


Traditionally, anthropologists have worked within relatively small groups of individuals (at least relative to the scope of modern big-data analytics). Traditionally, we have known our informants and participants and likely have had some personal relationship or connection with them at some level. Such research has carried with it a practice of protection; anthropologists are keenly aware that we often work in fragile parts of human societies and ask personal questions; therefore we have strived to protect the identities of our informants. The modern digital environment is one where researchers have access to individuals' data— sometimes deeply personal data—at the touch of a button. Participant anonymity becomes a thorny problem. Given relatively easy access to massive amounts of unique individual data, one can reverse-engineer the data in order to obtain the specific identity of the person, even if their name is changed or erased from that data. In addition, it is often the case that, when a researcher obtains social network data—even when assuming complete consent and legal transfer of the information—information concerning real individuals who have not consented to participate in the research is also transmitted. This paper argues that we have not given enough thought to such problems as online data becomes of increasing interest to anthropology. I outline some of key issues around data security and big data, and highlight the dilemmas that are likely to confront anthropologists in the near future. My conclusion argues that anthropologists must keep in mind a combination of "traditional" research values as well as the fact that we are in a new frontier of information as we enter the world of "big-data". I finish with some suggestions for participant protection.


In this installment, Dr. G.P. Nair dwells on both THPC(Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Chloride)-urea pre-condensate and THPC-urea-ammonium hydroxide pre-reacted system. Giving examples, their application processes are described to obtain durable flame retardant finish on cotton fabrics. Data on the influence of such finishes on certain important fabric properties are also furnished.


Ethical principles serve as the basis for various contemporary frameworks for work, business, and organizations, which extend individual and corporate concerns far beyond conventional business aims of profit and shareholder enhancement (Wren, 1994). The value of Ethical Leadership Skills is grounded on the principle that genuine leaders are concerned with "doing the right thing" and not just "doing things right." The benefits of ethical leadership traits are also seen to go beyond the decision making process itself. Previous studies have found that in organizations where leaders have demonstrated ethical leadership skills, these traits are among the most appreciated by employees of the organization (Richardson, 1992).


Natriuretic peptides remain a gold predictive markers in heart failure (HF) patients. However, currently new molecule ST-2 protein has emerged as marker of inflammation, fibrosis and cardiac stress. ST-2 occurs in two isoforms: transmembrane (ST2L) and circulating or soluble (sST-2). ST-2 binds with IL-33 and this IL-33/ST2 system is upregulated in cells in response to mechanical stimulation or injury. In experimental models, the interaction of IL-33 with the membrane ST-2 exerts beneficial effects in the myocardium. Inversely, sST-2 by sequestering IL-33, antagonizes the cardioprotective effects of IL-33/ST2L interaction. In patient with acute decompensated HF, sST-2 concentration are considerd as prognostic for short- and long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. sST-2 concentrations are also related to the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death or to HF in patient with undifferentiated chest pain as well as in those with confirmed coronary artery disease. ST-2 measurement is now a clinically useful tool also for risk stratification of patient with chronic HF. The information obtained from ST-2 levels is complementary to that obtained from natriuretic peptides. ST-2 protein seems to be very promising biomarker, however complete recognition of its diagnostic and prognostic value will require further research.


Received 10/7/2002; revised 10/30/2002; accepted 11/5/2002. For correspondence or reprints contact: Yen-Ling Chen, M.D., Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan. Tel: (886)2-28332211 ext. 2032, Fax: (886)2-27044103, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com A 45-year-old woman complained of weakness, dizziness, tremor and loss of body weight 2 kg within one month. She was underwent a whole-body fluorine-18-2fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) study for physical check up. There was symmetric diffused high FDG uptake in the skeletal muscles. Results of thyroid function test were as follow: TSH was not measurable, whereas both T4 21 μg/dL and T3 381 ng/dL were increased. The image of thyroid echo was hypoechoic and heterogenous compatible with Graves' disease. So that, the increment of muscle FDG uptake may be responsible for the high peripheral glucose utilization seen in Graves' disease.


Topicality. The requirements for modern winter triticale varieties include high grain yield and quality, as well as resistance to adverse environmental factors, i.e. high adaptability. Therefore, it remains important to develop varieties that combine the highest yield potential with genetic resistance to limiting factors. Purpose. To identify winter triticale breeding lines with high adaptability for use in breeding practice. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine. As a standard, the Amur variety was used. We have examined 20 breeding lines. Accounting plot area was 10 m2, trial was repeated four times. In experiment, laboratory-field and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results. In 2019/20-2021/22, contrasting meteorological conditions made it possible to evaluate and select breeding lines of winter triticale by adaptive potential. It was found that the yield, which actually characterises the genotype response to environmental growing conditions, was the highest (5.36 t/ha) in 2020/21 and the lowest (3.81 t/ha) in 2019/20. It was established that the breeding lines 22002 ( = 4.97 t/ha), 22008 ( = 4.88 t/ha), 22016 ( = 4.79 t /ha) had the best general adaptability in comparison with the Amur variety-standard, and they were included in the group with the highest indicators of maximum yield (ranks of 1–3). The coefficient of variation was characterized by an insignificant (7.24–7.66 %) and medium level of variability (12.54–16.65 %), which confirms a fairly high and stable genotypic component in the formation of plant productivity. Calculations of ecological plasticity made it possible to identify the lines 22015, 22004 (bi = 0.63), which significantly reduced the yield under limited growing con-ditions. It is explained by high resistance of these lines to adverse environmental factors. In terms of yield, the highest homeostaticity and breeding value were shown by lines 22004, 22015, and 22008. Conclusions. During the research, we have identified the breeding lines 22004, 22015, 22008, and 22002 with high adaptive potential, which can used as a source material for developing highly productive varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: winter triticale, breeding lines, adaptability, yield, meteorological conditions


Resource flows from adjacent ecosystems are critical in maintaining structure and function of freshwater food webs. Migrating sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) deliver a pulsed marine-derived nutrient subsidy to rivers in spring when the metabolic demand of producers and consumers are increasing. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these nutrient subsidies are not well characterized. We used sea lamprey carcass additions in a small stream to examine changes in nutrients, primary productivity, and nutrient assimilation among consumers. Algal biomass increased 57%–71% immediately adjacent to carcasses; however, broader spatial changes from multiple-site carcass addition may have been influenced by canopy cover. We detected assimilation of nutrients (via δ13C and δ15N) among several macroinvertebrate families including Heptageniidae, Hydropsychidae, and Perlidae. Our research suggests that subsidies may evoke localized patch-scale effects on food webs, and the pathways of assimilation in streams are...


Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, is an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that frequently involves the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Initially, it can be confused with non-nasal areas, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, salivary gland, and testes. The median age at diagnosis of patients with ENKTL is about 50-55 years. This article describes a patient with a single lesion of facial swelling as the first symptom. In cases of ENKTL without a typical clinical course, early histological testing and biopsy could help correct diagnosis.


This letter presents the results of two different ensemble approaches to increase the accuracy of land cover classification using support vector machines. Finite ensemble approaches, based on boosting and bagging and infinite ensemble created by embedding the infinite hypothesis in the kernel of support vector machines, are discussed. Results suggest that the infinite ensemble approach provides a significant increase in the classification accuracy in comparison to the radial basis function kernel‐based support vector machines. While using finite ensemble approaches, bagging works well and provides a comparable performance to the infinite ensemble approach, whereas boosting decreases the performance of support vector machines. Comparison in terms of computational cost suggests that finite ensemble approaches require a large processing time in comparison to the infinite ensemble approach.


The Great Limestone Temple is one of the most important monuments in Sarmizegetusa Regia. Identified already in the first years of the field research coordinated by C. Daicoviciu, the temple was excavated during a few decades and was heavily affected by the so called "restoration" works undertaken in Grădiștea de Munte, in the 1980s. The data referring to the monument is spread in many reports, papers, book chapters, architectural blueprints and topographical surveys, and the partial results of the research, sometimes inconclusive, generated divergent views. Reorganizing all the information coming from the excavation records, including the drawings, this paper is proposing a new building sequence of the temple, taking into account all the existing data, some of it until now unpublished.


In recent years, with the introduction of the concept of curriculum ideological and political teaching, great changes have taken place in foreign language education. The organic integration of English major courses as well as ideological and political courses is an urgent requirement for the reform of English majors in the new situation. As an important part of college English teaching, college English reading class penetrates ideological and political education in the course teaching. Thus, this conforms to the overall requirements of the country's curriculum ideological and political education. Based on the concept of curriculum ideology and politics, this article first elaborates on the necessity and feasibility of the integration of curriculum ideology and politics with college English reading. Then, it analyzes the current situation of college English reading courses, and finally proposes three ways to optimize the construction of college English reading courses.


The Nerus River Basin is located on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia passes through the populated urban area of northern region of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Over the last 10 years, the Nerus River has experienced population growth and rapid development, resulting in large-scale of land use changes. Changes in land use cause deterioration of the water quality of the Nerus River. This study aimed to estimate land use changes from the past condition (2000–2013) and the present condition (2016) within the Nerus River using geographical information system and statistical approaches. Main factors such as seasonal changes and pollution sources were included in the analysis. The monitoring of water quality was done based on three sampling stations during both dry and wet seasons, involving analysis of six water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, chemical oxygen demand, NH3–N, and total suspended solids). Water quality classification is using the National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia and the Water Quality Index. Multivariate statistical technique such as principal component analysis was conducted to determine sources of water pollution, to evaluate the similarities and dissimilarities between sampling stations, and to determine the influence of sources of pollution on the water quality parameters of the Nerus River based on the available land use database. Overall, the river was classified as Class III (slightly polluted) in accordance with previous studies.


This paper presents the CANopen Markup Language (CoML). CoML is an XML application developed to represent controller area network (CAN) fieldbus system and process data in a generic and platform independent manner. Due to the intrinsic interchangeability of XML structured data, fieldbus data becomes accessible not only by dedicated CoML tools but also by a wide variety of common general purpose XML tools like XML editors or XML databases. Since XML documents are especially well suited to be deployed on the WWW, this approach also facilitates the convenient use of CoML information in a distributed client/server architecture. CoML documents are used to describe CAN device interfaces and CAN system information, to hold CAN process data, and to configure monitoring attributes and (remote) access privileges at the finest granularity. This paper also outlines some practical uses of CoML for fieldbus monitoring and remote fieldbus management.


Dens in dente or the amelo-dentinal invagination is met rarely and involves, almost in exclusivity, the upper lateral incisisors, usually unilateral, being an invagination in glove finger of the enamel in dentine, on the level of a tooth often dismorphic. The radiologic aspect is of candle flame, occupying the central part of an upper lateral incisor.


The main theme of my paper and presentation is the role of infrastructure in enabling growth in, and the World Bank's support for infrastructure in developing countries which I prefer to call Underpowered Economies, Underpowered Economies is a much nicer and better reflection of the economies we are trying to improve. But first, let me take a few minutes to offer a little background on the World Bank, and the challenges that we are trying to address. The World Bank's mission has changed considerably since our inception 60 years ago. We were initially set up to assist with post-war reconstruction of Europe—indeed, our very first loan went to France. We have since evolved into what we are today: an organization whose single focus is to fight poverty in developing countries across the world. The Bank is particularly engaged in helping developing countries meet the so-called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs commit the international community and the Bank to a set of specific goals, to be achieved by 2015. They aim, for example, to reduce extreme poverty by half; ensure universal primary education; reduce child mortality; combat the spread of HIV/AIDS and malaria; and increase access to safe drinking water. Obviously, this is no small feat--as the daunting facts clearly show. We live today in a world of 6 billion people, of which 5 billion live in developing countries. Some 2.8 billion people, nearly half of the world's population, survive on less than $2 a day. In the coming years, the world's population will increase by 2 billion people--nearly all of whom will be born in developing countries. Add to this the devastating impact of HIV/AIDS, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where life expectancy has dropped from 65 to only 47 years, and more than 12 million children are orphaned. These are only a few figures to demonstrate that the development challenge of reducing poverty and meeting the MDGs is simply tremendous. 1. HOW DOES THE WORLD BANK FUNCTION AND HELP MEET THE MDGS? The World Bank Group employs more than 10,000 staff from over 140 countries. Almost half of our staff are now working in decentralized offices in order to be close to their clients. The Bank is made up of four main institutions. Two of these—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Agency (IDA)—provide low-interest loans, grants, policy advice, and technical assistance to developing countries. The third—probably the one known best by most of you—is the International Finance Corporation. The IFC provides debt and equity finance, as well as credit enhancement to private companies investing in developing countries. The Multi-lateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the fourth part of the Bank Group, provides political risk insurance. 1 The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank The mandate of these four organizations is to support developing countries; to assist countries that run into economic and financial crises such as Korea a couple of years ago; and to help in the reconstruction of countries that emerge from conflict, such as Kosovo and East Timor. The combined capital base of the World Bank Group is over $200 billion. Over the years, the World Bank has provided around $350 billion worth of support, and we have outstanding, even today, close to another $250 billion in commitments. We make about $20 billion in new lending commitments every year and operate in over 100 countries. To put these numbers into perspective: total overseas development assistance is about $50 billion. While not insubstantial, this figure pales in comparison to the $900 billion spent annually on defense ($200 billion by developing countries), and the $350 billion spent on agricultural subsidies in rich countries. In the words of World Bank President James Wolfensohn, "the international community may have its priorities backward. If the world would spend $900 billion on development assistance, it would probably only need 50$ billion for defense purposes." Let me now turn to the subject of the concept of this paper: enabling global growth—the role of infrastructure. The concept of enabling growth focuses on three sets of issues: (1) the critical role of infrastructure in economic development, and the great challenges that exist in increasing access to quality infrastructure services; (2) the changing nature of the global infrastructure business over the last few years; and (3) the implications for, and emerging trends in the World Bank's infrastructure business over the next 2-3 years. 2. INFRASTRUCTURE: GROWTH, ACCESS, AND FINANCE 2.1 Infrastructure as a Vehicle for Economic Growth I can think of no country that has achieved continuous economic development without developing its infrastructure at the same time. It would be like trying to drive a car without power. As a transport professional and coming from a 100 % 'infrastructure' country, The Netherlands, it is obvious and clear why infrastructure and development are so intertwined. In the Bank we have ongoing discussions on the issue of development and infrastructure, infrastructure can be seen as a space-shrinker, it enlarges markets, and operates like the lowering of trade barriers. In Urban areas, it can be shown that infrastructure and its related services contribute to enlarging the effective size of the labor market and of the goods markets, thus increasing productivity and output. Needless to say that Economic development is the most important tool we have in helping to lift people out of poverty. Infrastructure influences growth in many ways. Infrastructure services, such as efficient transportation, reliable electricity supply, safe drinking water, and modern telecommunication systems are important for any country that wishes to create a conducive environment for doing business and attracting foreign investment. Infrastructure is key for the efficient transportation of goods and services across national boundaries, thereby facilitating trade. Infrastructure also enhances human capital by improving access to schools, health centers, and other services. In Morocco for example, the completion of an all-weather road in rural communities increased girls' primary school attendance from 28% before the road was built to 68% afterwards. Access to clean water reduces the probability of child mortality by 55%. And, infrastructure such as renewable energy can also improve environmental conditions, leading to better livelihoods and health. It should not come as a surprise that the World Bank infrastructure projects have consistently had high economic rates of return, averaging between 20%-35% over the last 20 years. 2 Infrastructure and Development, Professor emeritus Remy Prud'homme, Paper prepared for the ABCDE (annual Bank Conference on Development Economics) Washington, May 3-5, 2004 3 Labor Mobility is subject of a study in the EB region Europe and Central Asia, World Bank report June 2004 Not only the Bank is providing a lot of data on this link between Infrastructure and economic growth, for instance Calderon and Steven in their recent publication "the Effects of Infrastructure Development on Growth and income Distribution indicates that growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets and that income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. As a conclusion they indicated that infrastructure development can be highly effective to combat poverty. Calderon and Steven used a large panel data set encompassing over 100 countries and spanning the years 19602000 2.2. Challenges to Increase Access to Quality Infrastructure With over 80 percent of the world's population living in developing countries, infrastructure is critical to support long-term global growth. But increasing access to quality infrastructure services across the world is an immense challenge. We know that worldwide, roughly 1 billion people have no access to clean water supply, and 2.4 billion live with inadequate sanitation. Some 3 billion people have no access to modern energy, while 4 billion have no access to telephones. One billion people lack access to an all-season road—services that are all taken for granted in any industrialized country. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 10% of the population have access to electricity and 2% to telephones. These access challenges are exacerbated by the low quality of infrastructure services—such as frequent service interruptions and outages. The figures make no distinction between people who have access to these services 24 hours a day and those with access for only a few hours. Energy losses are twice as large in low income developing countries as they are in the world's most developed nations like the United States. Water losses are four times as high, and faulty telephone lines are ten times more common. 2.3. Infrastructure Financing Challenges Despite clear recognition of the critical role of infrastructure in enabling growth and reducing poverty, current financing for infrastructure in developing countries remains far below the levels needed. Our latest estimates show that developing countries need to spend about 6-7 percent of their GDP over the next few years in order to address their infrastructure needs. Half of this expenditure is needed for new infrastructure investments and half for operations and maintenance. However, actual amounts spent on infrastructure in recent years have been only about 3-4% of GDP, on average. This suggests that in order to meet infrastructure needs, expenditures in developing countries would need to double from their current levels. In dollar terms, they will need to spend roughly $550-650 billion annually to finance infrastructure. This includes about $250-300 billion for electricity generation; about $30-40 billion for water supply and sanitation; and $80-100 billion for roads. Part of t


The TETRAD programs, now in their third edition, use independence and conditional independence relations found in a data set to suggest a causal Bayes net, or directed graphical model, or collection of such models. Users can specify background knowledge restricting the possible causal explanations and can search with or without the assumption that there are no unmeasured common causes or confounders. Models with discrete variables or linear models can be produced. The program includes a facility for Monte Carlo simulations, and TETRAD III includes a Gibbs sampler for Bayesian estimation of linear models. The programs have been applied to a variety of scientific problems.


The United States' trade with China began in 1784 with a single ship's voyage from New York City. From this modest beginning, an on-going, special relationship with China has grown. The history of Sino-American relations is more than economics; it is a history of cross-cultural transfers, affecting both of the trading partners. The first sixty years of this relationship is presented in this dissertation. The products and profits of this trade are examined in the ways in which they changed the economic development of the young republic, as well as the face of the young republic through the importation of architectural motifs, horticultural transplants, and other items of popular culture. A foundation is laid for an understanding of the second half of the nineteenth century when the relationship expanded to include increased merchant contacts, missionaries, and the military.


Aims: Study on pharmacotherapeutic pattern on cardiovascular patients is rarely done. Patient's demography, drug usage and its clinical outcome are the basis for the assessment of cardiac treatment. The aim of this study to analyze the demography of patients of ischemic heart disease along with drug usage and current trends of practice in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was carried out over a period of two months at different units of NICVD, situated at Dhaka, Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect necessary data from patients. Descriptive statistics was used to represent the data. Results: A total 363 discharged patients were interviewed followed by the verification of their discharge report and other medical documents to obtain necessary information. Out of 363 patients, frequency of male patients were high (74.66%, N= 271) than female patients (25.34%, Original N=92). There is a trends of ischemic heart disease development after 40 years of age and found significant in this study ( P< 0.05 ). In this study, 83.19% of total patients were above 40 years of age. We found a significant number of patients also had diabetes, asthma and chronic kidney disease. Treatment approach of ischemic heart disease includes pharmacotherapy, revascularization and percutaneous coronary intervention. 48 patients (13.22%) out of 363 went for revascularization and percutaneous coronary intervention was done to 25 patients (6.89%). The goal of Pharmacotherapy is to reduce blood cholesterol level, prevention of further platelet aggregation, reduction of angina and control of heart rate. In our study, we found that, statins, anti platelet and anti angina/anti ischemic drugs are core in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Beta blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, CCB is commonly added to standard therapy to reduce mortality and for better therapeutic outcome. Among statins, the frequency of use of atorvastatin (87.93%), combination of clopidogrel and aspirin (73.90%) among anti platelet agents, combination of trimetazidine and nitroglycerine (61.56%) among anti angina/anti ischemic agents were highest. In our study, we found that bisoprolol was most commonly prescribed by the physicians among other beta blockers. Conclusion: The outcome of this study will be helpful for young professionals, general physicians and other professionals involved in the health care setting for the rational use of drugs and to formulate effective strategy for the management of ischemic heart disease.


Interference of alternative current (AC) on corrosion of X65 steel was investigated in soil. It was observed that the unfavorable effect of interfering AC was able to be effectively inhibited by increasing the direct current density of the cathodic protection (CP) system. A clear correlation was established between the CP current density and the tolerable AC current density. This led to a new criterion for assuring the effectiveness of CP of buried pipelines being interfered with AC. Field experimental results on a buried pipeline running below a 500 kV transmission line showed that the criterion could satisfactorily predict the risk of AC interfering on the CP system.


the name herpes comes from the greek herpein—"to creep." Members of the Herpesviridae family have been identified in a variety of animals and they all share certain features, including an ability to establish latency following primary infection, as well as a potential to reactivate and cause further disease. Herpesviruses have large genomes and contain approximately 35 virion genes—all of which encode a number of enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, dna syntheses, and protein processing—making them a complex group of viruses. The Herpesviruses are widely separated in terms of genomic sequence and proteins, but all are similar in terms of virion structure and genomic organization. Of the 100 or so herpesviruses known to infect animals, eight are known to establish infection and cause disease in humans. These human herpesviruses can be divided into three sub-families: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. In the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily are the following: simplexvirus (herpes simplex virus 1 [hsv-1] and 2 [hsv-2]) and varicellovirus (varicellazoster virus [vzv]). "Alpha herpes viruses are the most aggressive," Dr. Balfour said. "They will infect a large variety of cell types and tissues and can reproduce very quickly. In turn, they have been the favorite targets of antiviral chemotherapy." In the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily: cytomegalovirus (cmv) and roseolovirus (human herpes virus 6 and 7 [hhv-6 and hhv-7] ). "These viruses are much more selective in the tissues and cells they infect," added Dr. Balfour. "They are harder to grow in the laboratory and are much more difficult to treat." In the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily there is lymphocryptovirus (Epstein-Barr virus [ebv]) and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8, also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus [kshv] ). To review each of these viruses, even as they relate to hiv infection, would be an enormous undertaking. In turn, prn recently asked Dr. Henry Balfour, Jr., to crystallize some of the most recent data related to hsv, vzv, cmv, and ebv, in the context of hiv infection, and the direction of research we can expect to see in the near future. "Recent clinical and basic science research findings do impact the management of these infections in hiv-infected persons," Dr. Balfour said. "With hsv-2, we've learned more about its effect on transmission of hiv. With vzv, new data are available regarding the use of the chickenpox vaccine in people with hiv. cmv research is also telling us more about the use of cmv viral load as a marker of disease progression in hivinfected patients, even those responding well to antiretroviral therapy. There is also the issue of quantitative ebv virology, which could have a number of implications for hiv-positive patients at risk for complications associated with this infection."


Au/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the direct anion exchange(DAE) method,characterized by TEM and XRD techniques and their catalytic performances were evaluated in glucose oxidation. The experimental results showed that as the gold loadings,pH and calcination temperatures increased,the catalytic activities of Au/γ-Al2O3 firstly increased and then decreased in the end. The optimal condition of catalyst preparation was as follows:HAuCl4 concentration 0.5mmol/L,pH4,calcination at 300℃ for 4h. A catalytic activity of 0.366molglu/(min·gAu) were obtained over Au/γ-Al2O3 catalyst under the optimal preparation condition.


Using spiroarteriocardiorhythmography, 202 highly qualified male athletes aged 22.6 ± 2.8 years, who are representatives of acyclic sports were examined. According to HRV (hearth rate variability), the types of the athletes' cardiac rhythm regulation were determined. There are 4 types of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm: Type I – indicates moderate stress, Type II – indicates a decrease in the functional state of regulatory systems, the development of fatigue, Type III – indicates the optimal state of regulation, Type IV – indicates overstrain of autonomic regulation or high fitness. The athletes with a predominance of central (types I and II) and autonomous (types III and IV) effects on the cardiac rhythm regulation are differentiated by indicators of total respiration power (TPR, (l/min)2) and power in the high frequency range (HFR), (l/min)2). Athletes with the type IV cardiac rhythm regulation had a more significant contribution of the low-frequency component (LFRn, n.u.) in the regulation of spontaneous respiration than athletes with type I and II cardiac rhythm regulation. In the type II regulation of cardiac rhythm there is a significant decrease in expiratory duration (s), which is also manifested by a significant increase in the ratio of inspiratory and expiratory phases, which may characterize expiratory insufficiency for this type.


Structured Query Language (SQL) is the dominant language for querying relational databases today, and is an essential topic in introductory database courses in higher education. Even though the language is syntactically simple, relatively concise, and highly structured, students experience many difficulties while learning to express queries in SQL. In recent years a small number of software tools have been proposed to help students learn to write query statements and to assess their querying skills.

In this paper we compare and evaluate existing tools mainly from the perspective of database theory and practice, but also from a pedagogical perspective. Addressing the deficiencies and opportunities uncovered by the evaluation, we then introduce SQLify, a new tool that extends the current state of the art by incorporating semantic feedback, enhanced automatic assessment based on database theory, and peer review to arrive at a richer learning experience for students, as well as consistent assessment results and reduced marking for instructors.


Headache has often been described in the spasmophilic s ndrome. An alteration of Calcium (Ca++) and Magnesium (Mg ) status has been prospected as pathogenetic factor of this syndrome. In migraine patients, Mg++ has been shown to play an important role as regulator of neuronal excitability, platelet aggregability and vascular tone. A Mg++ deficiency has been demonstrated both at cerebral and peripheral levels during migraine attacks. In the present study we carried out a neurophysiological evaluation and the Mg++ status assessment in a group of young headache patients. 19 young patients (12 F and 7 M; age range: 7-17 anni), 7 affected by episodic tension-type headache and 13 by migraine without aura were examined. An ischemic test was carried out during the interictal period on the right arm with EMGraphical registration. The determination of extracellular (serum and saliva) and intracellular (red and mononuclear blood cells) Mg++ was also performed. The EMGraphical test was positive in 12/13 migraine patients but in none of the tension-type headache patients. Between the patients with and without positive EMGgraphical test there were no significant variations in the concentration of extracellular and white blood cell Mg++, while the red blood cell concentration of this mineral in the group with positive ischemic tests was significantly reduced with respect to that in the group with negative tests (pqO.03). These results confirm previous research demonstrating different etiopatogenetic mechanisms at the basis of migraine and tension-type headache (1, 2). Migraine seems to be related to an altered Mg++ status. This altered status, demonstrated by a reduced red blood cell Mg++ content, can be responsible of a neuromuscolar hyperexcitability in the majority of these patients. Y+


The need to have equipments with a low form factor, defined as depth divided by the width multiplied by the height, is very essential for a particular product to be marketable. Thus, when an old product needs to be customized to a new form factor, while maintaining the standardized components, there will be distorted thermal distribution. In this study, original product was tested and the temperature distribution was measured. Temperature for critical components were numerically modeled and experimentally measured. The usage of ducting inside the prototype was introduced along with variable fan speed to ensure heat load meets the requirements. Numerical and experimental approach was used to verify the temperature distribution in the new prototype. The results show that, increase in duct size reduce the Nusselt number for the flow, which is detrimental to the overall heat distribution. Consequently, the fan speed needs to be increased to ensure optimum flow velocity that will conform to the accepted noise level. Final prototype was completed with form factor transform from 9m-1 to 1m-1 with more than eighty percent components maintained. The reduction in form factor shows the usage of ducting aids significantly in achieving good heat distribution. Numerical and experimental data show good agreement at all critical points measured.


Objective To identify the risk factors of hypertension in China in order to find the way for prevention.Methods All hypertension-related case-control studies published in CNKI from 2000 to April 2011were applied for meta-analysis to calculate the pooled OR and 95%CI.Results Eleven studies were included in which the relationship between hypertension and risk factors such as drinking,smoking,BMI,family history of hypertension,high salt intake,literacy and income were assessed.The results of meta-analysis indicated that hypertension had close relationship with BMI,family history of hypertension,high salt intake,smoking,drinking and income.Their pooled OR and 95%CI were 2.45(2.09,2.87),2.01(1.92,2.11),1.68(1.23,2.28),1.58(1.50,1.66),2.17(2.04,2.31) and 2.57(1.89,3.48) respectively.Conclusion Overweight,family history of hypertension,high salt intake,smoking,drinking and income have close relationship with hypertension,and they are risk factors in pathogenesis of hypertension.


Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the practice of early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) and its determinant factors among urban-dwelling mothers from Tigray during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Data were analysed using StataSE Version 16 software. To identify determinant factors of the dependent variable, multivariate logistic regression analyses was used at a statistical significance of p<0.05. The strength of the association was measured by OR and 95% CI. Setting and participants The study was conducted among 633 lactating mothers of infants under the age of 6 months living in Mekelle city, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from April to June 2021. A three-stage cluster sampling was used to select study participants. Main outcome measure EIBF or no EIBF. Results Three hundred and sixty eight (59.6%) mothers/caregivers practised EIBF. Maternal education (adjusted OR, AOR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.01 to 5.88), parity (AOR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.03 to 2.20), caesarean section delivery (AOR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.32 to 0.69) and breastfeeding information and support postdelivery (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.31) were found to be significant determinants of EIBF. Conclusions EIBF is defined as initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. EIBF practice was far from optimal. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maternal education, parity, type of delivery and the provision of up-to-date breastfeeding information and support right after delivery determined the time of breastfeeding initiation.


The relationship between the College Entrance Examination reform and the New Curriculum Reform should be a separated and parallel one.On one hand,the New Curriculum Reform,by the means of breaking the traditional "a single matriculation exam decides everything"---the examination-oriented educational model,should take into consideration some new assessment systems,which include the evaluation of the students' academic performance and their literacy development.On the other hand,the College Entrance Examination reform should give full play to some norm-referenced tests,which focus more on students' proficiency and potentiality besides the academic performance.


Foetal cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common prenatally diagnosed cardiac tumours. They are known for their association with the tuberous sclerosis complex. We describe a case of an isolated cardiac rhabdomyoma which was picked up on a routine obstetrical ultrasound. Cardiac rhabdomyomas are known for their association with tuberous sclerosis complex, an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder. Therefore when diagnosed antenatally, attempt should be made to look for other stigmata associated with this complex. We describe the case of an isolated fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed on routine antenatal scan, done at 34 weeks' gestation. The tumor had an uneventful course in the prenatal period. At birth, the diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma was confirmed. There were, however, no other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis in the neonate. The parents and others in the family were screened for presence of tuberous sclerosis and were found to be negative. The neonate had no evidence of hemodynamic compromise at birth, hence was kept under expectant observation for tumor regression. Serial evaluation of the tumor using echocardiography , showed no increase in the size at three and six months of life ,with no deterioration of the cardiovascular status. CASE REPORT A 23 year old, primigravida was referred to our tertiary care hospital at 34 weeks' gestation, following a routine obstetrical ultrasound done elsewhere, which revealed a solid tumour in the foetal heart. She had no known antenatal risk factors. Ultrasound done here, at the time of evaluation, showed no evidence of intra uterine growth restriction. Four chamber view of the foetal heart revealed a homogenously echogenic, solid mass, measuring one by one cm, arising from interventricular septum and abutting into the left ventricle. There was no evidence of pericardial effusion. The findings were consistent with that of cardiac rhabdomyoma. Umbilical artery Doppler studies were normal. There were no other gross anomalies on survey of foetal anatomy. Foetal Echocardiography cnfirmed the presence of rhabdomyoma, away from the outflow and inflow tracts. The patient was counselled regarding the possibility of tuberous sclerosis in the foetus. Parents and their first degree relatives were screened for the presence of tuberous sclerosis with history and clinical examination and were found to be negative. Foetal growth was monitored closely. Serial ultrasounds were done to look for onset of foetal growth restriction, size of the tumour and development of hydrops. The size of the tumour remained same till delivery and afterwards. Labour was induced at 40 weeks' gestation and she delivered a healthy male baby, weighing 2.7 kgs, by LSCS. Thorough physical and radiological examination of the neonate, however, did not reveal any other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis. There was no increase in the size of the tumour on neonatal echo done on third day and six months of life. The infant continues to be in regular follow up at our hospital. DISCUSSION The incidence of congenital cardiac tumours is 1-2 :10,000, and 90% of them are benign.1 Of these, rhabdomyomas are the most commonly diagnosed in utero, followed by teratomas and fibromas. The reported prevalence is 0.25% in Isolated Fetal Cardiac Rhabdomyoma: A Case Report 2 of 3 autopsies and 0.08% among the live born. 1,2 Rhabdomyomas are hamartomas derived from embryonal myoblasts. They may be solitary or multiple. Interventricular septum is the most common site of origin. The prognosis of tumours detected prenatally is favourable, with most of them regressing spontaneously after birth. The risk of foetal demise is 4-6%.3 Poor prognostic indicators include inflow or outflow tract obstruction, leading to hydrops; atrioventricular valve dysfunction, leading to valvular incompetence and presence of dysrrythmias. Cardiac rhabdomyomas are known for their association with tuberous sclerosis complex, an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder. The risk of association is 30-50% , in case of a solitary tumour, and 70% with multiple lesions.4.When a cardiac rhabdomyoma is diagnosed prenatally, attempt to look for other features of this complex, should be made . Standard obstetrical management is appropriate for uncomplicated cases. Delivery in a tertiary care centre with paediatric cardiology and surgery facilities is recommended. After delivery, in the absence of haemodynamic compromise, expectant management is advised. Regular follow up with serial echocardiograms is the mainstay of management. Figure 1 Obstetrical ultrasound depicting the transverse view of fetal thorax, at the level of the heart. The arrow mark showing the cardiac rhabdomyoma, which appears like a solid, homogeneously echogenic mass Figure 2 Fetal echocardiography confirming the diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma, seen arising from the interventricular septum References 1. McAllister H Jr. Primary tumors of the heart and pericardium. Pathol Annu 1979; 14:325-55 2. Dennis MA, Appareti K, Manco –Johnson ML et al. The echocardiographic diagnosis of multiple fetal cardiac tumors. J Ultrasound Med 1985;4:327-329 3. Bader RS, Chitayat D, Kelly E, Ryan G, Smallhorn JF, Toi A et al. Fetal Rhabdomyoma: Prenatal Diagnosis , Clinical outcome, and Incidence of associated Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Journal of Pediatrics , November 2003:620-4. 4. Crawford DC, Garrett C, Tynan M, Neville BG, Allan LD. Cardiac rhabdomyomata as a marker for antenatal detection of tuberous sclerosis. J Med Genet 1983; 20:303-4. Isolated Fetal Cardiac Rhabdomyoma: A Case Report 3 of 3 Author Information Manisha Madhai Beck, MD Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Tamil Nadu, India email@example.com Jacob Jose, MD, DM (Cardio), FACC, FCCP, FIAE Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Tamil Nadu, India Ruby Jose, MD, DGO Professor and Unit Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Tamil Nadu, India


As the demand for sustainable transportation continues to grow, the integration of renewable energy sources into Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has become a vital focus. The concept and benefits of a solar-powered EV charging station proposed in this research, combines solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology with efficient charging infrastructure. The solar-powered EV charging station serves as an innovative solution that harnesses clean and renewable energy from the sun to charge electric vehicles. By leveraging solar PV panels, this charging station reduces reliance on traditional grid electricity, decreases carbon emissions, and promotes sustainable mobility. Furthermore, this study discusses the potential challenges and considerations involved in implementing a solar-powered EV charging station, including site selection, system sizing, grid interconnection, and maintenance requirements. It emphasizes the need for collaboration between renewable energy experts, charging infrastructure providers, and relevant stakeholders to address these challenges and drive the adoption of solar-powered EV charging stations. In conclusion, the abstract presents the solar-powered EV charging station as a sustainable and forward-thinking solution for promoting cleaner transportation. By leveraging solar energy, this charging infrastructure contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, fosters energy resilience, and paves the way for a greener future in the realm of electric mobility. It is observed that the proposed system is more efficient than the existing system in terms of fast operation.


BACKGROUND
The predictive value of regression in melanoma is debated.

AIM OF THE STUDY
A retrospective single-centre study to evaluate the correlation between regression in primary skin tumor and the presence of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Histological signs of regression in 84 melanomas (>1 mm) with corresponding sentinel lymph nodes were studied by two independent pathologists.

RESULTS
Regression was seen in 40 skin melanoma tumors while micrometastasis was seen in 24. Of the tumors with micrometastasis, only 10 were regressive (RR: 0.47, p=0.49). Breslow value>2 mm and male sex were predictive for node micrometastasis (RR: 4.6, p=0.03 and RR: 7.6, p=0.006, respectively). On multivariate analysis, these two factors were independent.

COMMENTS
These data suggest that regression in primary cutaneous melanoma is not predictive for lymph node metastasis.


Observations of optical phenomena at. high alti- tude a, bove thunderstorms using a multichannel high-speed photometer and image intensified CCD cameras were carried out at Yucca Ridge Field Station (40040 ' N, 104o.56 ' W), Colorado as part of the SPRITES'95 campaign from 15 June to August 6, 1995. These newneasurements indicate that diffuse optical flashes with a duration of < I ms and a hori- zontal scale of-.- 100-300 km occur at 75-105 km altitude in the lower ionosphere just after the onset of cloud-to-ground lightning discharges, but preceding the onset of sprites. Here we designate these events as 'alves" to distinguish them from 'i'ed sprites" . This finding is consistent with the production of diffuse optical emissions due to the heating of the lower ionosphere by electromagnetic pulses generated by lightning discharges as suggested by several authors.


T HE purpose of this paper is to use estimates of likely developments on the world grain market by 1970 and 1975 to reach sensible policy conclusions with regard to United States grain trade and aid. The estimating methods employed are simple and unsophisticated, largely because of the uncertain nature of the underlying data used. Projections of supply and demand as well as estimates of price elasticities are all subject to considerable error. Use of these data introduces a good deal of uncertainty into the results derived, an uncertainty that increases with each successive calculation. Nevertheless, studies of this kind are valuable for at least two reasons. First, policy decisions have to be made and the results are likely to be improved if the relevant questions have at least been asked, even if the answers are only approximations. This is certainly true in cases like the present one where the general direction of the answers is clear. Secondly, this type of work provides a framework into which better projections and other data can be fitted;as they become available to yield more accurate results and, quite possibly, better policy decisions.


Objective To prepare monoclonal antibodies mAb against DcR3,characterize their biological properties and apply them to ELISA,Flow cytometry,and Western blot detection.Methods Balb/c mice were immunized with soluble DcR3(sDcR3) for preparing mAb by using hybridoma technique.Ig subclass and specificity of mAbs were analyzed by ELISA and SDS-PAGE,respectively.The titres,relative affinity,and epitopes of mAbs in ascitic fluid were determined by indirect ELISA.The specificity and application of mAb were detected via Western blotting.DcR3 expression on the tumor cell surface was detected by FCM.Results Hybridoma cell lines secreting anti-DcR3 mAbs were obtained and named as ZZ-393,ZZ-394,ZZ-151,and ZZ-268.DcR3 mAb ZZ-268(as follows called ZZ-268) Ig subclass belonged to IgG1.The titer of ZZ-268 in ascitic fluid was 1×10-5;the affinity constant of ZZ-268 was 1.28×109.ZZ-268 recognized the same epitopes on DcR3 molecule with ZZ-151.The expression of DcR3 on different tumor cells surface could be sensitive detected by FCM.Conclusion Four mAbs against DcR3 have been prepared successfully and ZZ-268 with high titers and specificity can be used in membrane DcR3 and sDcR3 testing.


Purpose - The aim of this study is to examine the German language needs of employees in multinational companies in Malaysia and the expectations of employers in the teaching of German in their companies. As an additional variable, training for sustainable development (ESD) is included. The language learning needs are described and worked as a basis for the development of language programs for adults. A special main focus is on the local situation in Malaysia and the situations that may arise in Germany during the posting to the headquarters of the respective company. Design / methodology / approach - The mixed-mode research method is chosen in order to obtain a spectrum of ideas about the teaching of German in German Companies in Malaysia (qualitative research) and to conduct a review of the German education (quantitative research). The needs analysis addressed the employers, employees and teachers in a survey period of about four weeks using a questionnaire. Results - The results of the needs assessment show a discrepancy between supply and demand in terms of the required skills in the German language as well as other skills that are regarded by employers as extremely important. In particular, skills that are necessary in key competencies and techniques are clearly required, but hardly included in class. Thus, the results of this needs assessment provide concrete starting points for the improvement of teaching German and with this, the improvement of communicative competence in the workplace. Originality / Benefits - This study contributes to the current issues concerning the German mediation requirements: How can the demand for German at the workplace be detected and exactly described? What methods are available, which studies at home and abroad already exist?


In this paper we consider the class of K3 surfaces defined as hypersurfaces in weighted projective space, and admitting a non-symplectic automorphism of non-prime order, excluding the orders 4, 8, and 12. We show that on these surfaces the Berglund-Hubsch-Krawitz mirror construction and mirror symmetry for lattice polarized K3 surfaces constructed by Dolgachev agree; that is, both versions of mirror symmetry define the same mirror K3 surface.


The estimation and forecasting of recruitment has been a persistent preoccupation of fisheries scientists because of the critical importance of recruitment to the exploitable segment of the stock.RBF neural network model is developed to forecast the recruiting biomass of fish.The investigations demonstrate how neural network can be used to improve the accuracy of fishery stock forecasts.Sustainable governance of the fisheries resources requires a broad,transdisciplinary perspective that can integrate across the natural and social sciences and the policy process.The core problem addressed in fishery ecological economics is the sustainability of interactions between economic and ecological systems.


In A Moon for the Misbegotten by Eugene O'Neill,the hero and heroine are representatives of the lost moderns in the early twentieth century.At the beginning of this play,they lead an absurd life,and under the protection of pipe dream and alcohol,they dare not face truth.After painful struggle,they manage to confront their absurd life,and finally get redemption and peace in soul.So according to O'Neill in this play,confronting absurd life,seeking for sympathy and understanding between people is the way to transcend the absurdity of life.


This essay hold that philosophy should consider and answer the question given by the era.In our time,there are three main problems: the first one is nihilism,which negnects the foundation and end of Being,the second one is techonologism,which has made human beings and everything techonologinized.The third one is hedonism,which has made the desire limitless.Philosophy should think about these problems,it can supply the rule for the games of our existence.


One approach to understanding and promoting sustainable consumption is to get the language right. Not just saying "sustainable" and "conserve" and "green" a lot, but speaking in ways consistent with the imperative of living within ecological constraint. Regarding an agenda for social change, philosopher Richard Rorty (1979) put it pithily that, to paraphrase, cultural change occurs not when people argue well, but when they speak differently. Here, then, I motivate different speaking by focusing on metaphor, not because metaphors add poetic flourish, but because they have power over how humans think and act. Indeed, although "metaphor has traditionally been viewed as a matter of mere language," write cognitive linguist George Lakoff and linguistic philosopher Mark Johnson (1980), cognitive science indicates that it is best understood "as a means of structuring our conceptual system and the kinds of everyday activities we perform." What is more, they argue, "It is reasonable enough to assume that words alone do not change reality. But changes in our conceptual system do change what is real for us and affect how we perceive the world and act upon those perceptions." And metaphors guide action appropriately to the extent they are grounded in experience, direct and indirect, and fit the purpose at hand—here, getting on a sustainable path. This essay explores how, through metaphor, proponents of sustainable consumption can shift from a worldview that is linear, mechanistic, reductionist, expansionist, and consumerist to one that is cyclic, organic, complex, constrained and, shall we say, productive or self-generating. The fact that metaphors are inescapable, that they provide normative interpretations and affect how we act, suggests that new metaphors, ecologically grounded ones, can indeed be constructed. The fundamental shifts now underway—biophysical, economic, political—make such constructions imperative. Starting Points: Value Orientation


Dwarf mistletoe is known to reduce both height and diameter growth and thus reduce the yield of an infested stand. This comparison of two similar stands--one healthy and the other infested--gives an indication of the impact of this parasite. The healthy stand has produced 1.5 times the board foot volume in one-half the time. By predicting the volume of the healthy stand at age 120 (the age of the infested stand), the healthy stand will produce 3.7 times the board foot volume of the infested stand.


The radiance arising from an anisotropically scattering illuminated stack of n slabs is calculated using the equation of radiative transfer. It appears to be unnecessary to calculate the radiance inside the material; including only the radiance at the boundary surfaces is sufficient to obtain the desired result. The novel method used for the solution of this problem leads immediately in a straightforward and systematic way to the known appropriate basic equations valid for the problem at hand, otherwise derived by ad hoc methods. A new simple set of linear equations for the radiance at the boundary surfaces is derived. This method applies equally well to similar problems with other geometries. Apart from this analytical derivation, this paper presents the results of the numerical solution of the set of equations that we obtained from the equation of radiative transfer, for nD 1. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with what is found in the literature and are found to give very good agreement.


PHP Series - The encore beginner edition holds a series or articles and guidelines for all of those that are starting on the web development with PHP being the main programming language.


BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
The degenerative calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves remains a clinical challenge, especially among young adults and children. Animal models that are based on subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation and are typically used to assess interventions to prevent bioprosthetic heart valve calcification do not reflect actual hemodynamic stress and lack direct blood contact. Thus, the study aim was to investigate bioprosthesis calcification at different implantation sites.

METHODS
The calcification degrees of five valve implantation methods, namely subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous implantation, and arterial and venous patch angioplasty, were simultaneously investigated in 10 New Zealand White rabbits.

RESULTS
Ultrasonography and computed tomography images showed vascular patency to be well maintained in all implanted vessels. Histologically, cellular infiltrates around the implant and within the collagen fibers were only found in the intravenous implantation group, which also had the highest calcium level among the methods.

CONCLUSION
The present study was the first to compare the degree of calcification after applying five implantation methods simultaneously in one animal species. The rabbit intravenous implantation model, which involved direct contact with blood factors, is expected to serve as a useful animal model for research into the prevention of bioprosthetic heart valve degeneration.


Respiratory reflexes are tightly controlled by distinct types of vagal sensory afferent nerves. Afferent nerves can be categorized by their conduction velocity, axon diameter, myelination, responses to stimuli, ion channels/receptor expression, and embryological origin. Some airway vagal afferent nerves are sensitive to noxious stimuli (i.e. nociceptive). TRPV1, the capsaicin receptor, is selectively expressed on most vagal nociceptors. Vagal ganglia are comprised of jugular ganglia (neural crest origin) and nodose ganglia (placodal origin). Tac1 encodes Tachykinin1, the substance P precursor protein, and is mainly expressed in the jugular ganglia. P2X2, a purinergic receptor, is exclusively expressed in nodose ganglia. Previous data suggests that activation of jugular nociceptors and nodose nociceptors causes distinct reflexes. Here, we used intersectional genetics to simultaneously visualize nodose and jugular nociceptors. We generated a transgenic mouse model with dual recombinase responsive allele using Cre‐Lox and Flp‐FRT (Flippase‐Flp recognition target) systems. With the ROSA26‐RC::FLTG allele, cells with only Flp show tdTomato expression (by excising of FRT‐flanked STOP cassette) while cells with both Flp and Cre have GFP expression (by excising of both FRT‐flanked STOP cassette and loxP‐flanked tdTomato). We generated TRPV1‐FLP:Tac1‐Cre:ROSA and TRPV1‐FLP:P2X2‐Cre:ROSA strains. Offspring (6 to 8 weeks old) were used for characterization. Vagal ganglia, lung and brainstem were collected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Tissue were cryosectioned for immunohistochemistry. In TRPV1‐FLP:Tac1‐Cre:ROSA, the majority of tdTomato expressing cells were in nodose ganglia and GFP expressing neurons were in jugular ganglia. In TRPV1‐FLP:P2X2‐Cre:ROSA, as expected, GFP expressing neurons were only observed in nodose ganglia while tdTomato expressing neurons were observed in both nodose and jugular ganglia. Reporter expressing neurons in both strains overlapped with anti‐TRPV1 antibody staining indicating they were all nociceptive. In the brainstem, reporter expression was mainly in the nucleus of solitary tract (nTS) in both strains. In TRPV1‐FLP:Tac1‐Cre:ROSA strain, GFP expression (jugular nociceptors) was also observed in the paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5). In the lung, most TRPV1+ fibers expressing Tac1 were found in close proximity to the epithelial layer of bronchi and bronchioles. Whereas TRPV1+ fibers expressing P2X2 often projected away from the conducting airways into the alveolar tissue. Taken together, we have developed cell type specific‐dual reporter mouse models using a combinatorial/intersectional Cre and FLP strategy to successfully identify distinct nociceptive subtypes of afferent nerves in vagal ganglia, brainstem, and lung.


A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which makes a personal identification by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed by the user. Biometric has gained much attention in the security world recently. Many types of personal identification systems have been developed and palmprint verification is one of the emerging technologies because of its stable, unique characteristics, low-price capture device, fast execution speed also it provides a large area for feature extraction. Palmprint recognizes a person based on the principal lines, wrinkles and ridges on the surface of the palm. The recognition process consists of image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, matching and result. The different techniques are used for the preprocessing, feature extraction, classifiers. The methods discussed are for the online palmprint recognition.


The problem of ex ante choice between conflict situations is studied in an axiomatic model where individuals know the available surplus but are ignorant of the exact bargaining procedure. Furthermore, allowing for side-payments in a single good, a bargaining solution that is immune to ordinal transformations of players' preferences for the underlying set of alternatives is constructed. This solution requires that each player receive a weighted average of his marginal contribution to various coalitions. In fact, these weights coincide with the Shapley weights.


The first concern of this thesis is the problem of two fluids flow or two-phase flow, i.e weare interested in the simulation of the evolution of an interface (or a free surface) between twoimmiscible viscous fluids or two phases of a fluid. We propose a general scheme for solving two fluids flow or two-phase flow which takes advantage of the flexibility of the level set method for capturing evolution of the interfaces, including topological changes. Unlike similar approaches that solve the flow problem and the transport equation related to the evolution of the interface on Cartesian grids, our approach relies on an adaptive unstructured mesh to carry out these computations and enjoys an exact and accurate description of the interface. The explicit representation of the manifold separating the two fluids will be extracted to compute approximately the surface tension as well as some algebraic quantities like the normal vector and the curvature at the interface.In a nutshell, the resolution of a two-fluid problem is summarized by the steps involves thefollowing ingredients:– solving incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by the first order Lagrange-Galerkin method;– geometrical treatment to evaluate the surface tension basing on the explicit discretisation of the interface;– solving the level set advection by method of characteristics; – the techniques of mesh adaptation.It is obvious that no numerical method is completely exact in solving the PDE problemat hand, hence, we need a discretized computational domain. However, the accuracy of numericalsolutions or the mass loss/gain can generally be improved with mesh refinement. The question thatarises is related to where and how to refine the mesh. At each time, our mesh adaptation producesthe adapted mesh based on the geometric properties of the interface and the physical properties ofthe fluid, simply speaking, only one adapted mesh at each time step to assume both the resolutionof Navier-Stokes and the advection equations. It answers to the need for an accurate representationof the interface and an accurate approximation of the velocity of fluids with a minimal number ofelements, then decreasing the amount of computational time. Some results of the classical examples for both problems of monofluid and bifluid flows as : lid-driven cavity, rising bubble, coalescence of two bubbles, and Rayleigh-Taylor instability are investigated in two and three dimensions.The second part of this thesis is related to shape optimization in fluid mechanics. We construct a numerical scheme using level set method and mesh adaptation in the context of Stokes systems. The computation of the sensitivity of objective function is related to the Hadamard's boundary variation method and the shape derivatives is computed by Cea's formal method. A numerical example with theobjective function of energy dissipation is presented to assess the efficiency and the reliability of theproposed scheme.


Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Fufangrigantang,prednisone and chlorphena-mine in the treatment of henoch-schonlein purpura. Methods 96 cases were randomly divided into two groups, con-trol group 40 cases ,taking prednisone, chlorpheniramine ;56 cases of the treatment group taking compound decoction purple,were treated for two weeks. Results In the treatment group directive rate in was 96.4%. Effective rate in the control group was 72.5% (χ2=11.41, P<0.01). Conclusion To use Fufangzigantang with other conventional drugs together is better than use prednison and chlorphenamine in the treatment of allergic purpura.

Key words:
Purpura,schonlein-Henoch; Predmisone; Chlorphenamine; Fufangzigantang


Fish have been widely documented as useful bioindicator model for ecotoxicological studies because of their differential sensitivity to pollution. Thus, the present study was carried out to determine the sublethal effects of commercial herbicide thiobencarb (Saturn®, 50 EC) on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish females were exposed to sublethal concentration of thiobencarb (½ LC50, 0.72 ppm) for 3, 9 and 15 days. Severe abnormality in swimming behavior was observed in fish groups exposed for 9 and 15 days.   Biometric parameters, e.g. condition factor, gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index were analyzed. An adverse effects on the ovary and liver weights were observed. A significant decrease in absolute fecundity was remarked after exposure to thiobencarb at all three periods. Thiobencarb significantly decreased the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase as well as protein and glucose levels. Histopathological changes in the liver architecture of fish exposed to thiobencarb were characterized by necrosis, changes in nuclear shape, formation of vacuoles and atrophy of hepatocytes. The ovary of fish exposed to thiobencarb showed atretic vitellogenic oocytes with increased size follicular cells, liquefaction of yolk globules as well as inflammatory cells infiltration. These results indicate that thiobencarb is toxic and has the potential to impair on the physiological activities in African catfish. The use of thiobencarb should be strongly controlled and carefully monitored to avoid the possible damage done to the environment.


887 « omy maintained wage rates at the depression level while increasing the intensity of work as well as the working hours. But there were two different underlying motives for this exploitation. Guided by their profit motive, many capitalists were willing to pay higher wages as soon as labor became scarce. In trying to keep down the unit costs of armaments, generals and Nazis imposed wage and price ceilings, which had to be defended against capitalists as well as workers. Instead of examining the controlled markets, the author implies that the ceilings were ineffective, and that the Nazi brutality culminated in the law of compulsory labor service. Actually, conscription of laborers was limited to military construction during which workers lived in barracks, separated from their families. The Marxian surplus theory, imbedded in legally free labor markets, is incapable of explaining the role of markets that were controlled simultaneously by employers and the bureaucracy of the dictatorship. In the author's view, the fascist economy violates the laws of capital accumulation. The "fascist system of deficit capitalism" came in conflict with the "dammed up expansionism." To avoid cataclysm, goods had to be exported "so as to break out of the falling rate of profit." What really occurred was a kind of inverted imperialism. Armament contracts reduced the incentives to export, while imports increased for the intensified production of arms and Ersatz products. The deficit in the balance of payments was either covered by involuntary credits or minimized by clearing agreements. The Marxian theory seeks to explain the tendency to export capital, but the Nazis sought to increase the import surplus without a corresponding capital export, exploiting other countries. Finally, the author fails to explain the relationship between capitalists and fascists. On the one hand, the Nazis did the bidding of the capitalists: "German finance capital had coalesced by the end of 1932 on a policy bent on violent expansion and war" (p. 89). On the other hand, "right from the beginning the Hitler regime and its fascist economy were not the free choice of the capitalists who were caught in the dialectic contradictions that they could not avoid" (p. 96). Obviously, the first argument is in agreement with, the second in opposition to, the power structure implicit in the theory of historical materialism. Unintentionally, the author has shown the inapplicability of Marxian theory for explaining the fascist economy.


The present article questions indicators to diagnose level of professional culture and pedagogical skills of the kindergarten teacher: self-realization, empathy, reflexivity, cognition, communicative kernel, nature conformity, attractiveness, effectiveness. Indicators, technological procedures of their diagnosis and processing allow to diagnose objectively the level of development of professional culture and skills of kindergarten teachers, to trace dynamics and regularity of development and self-development of pedagogical skills of tutors, to influence the quality of preschool education in a positive way. The harmony violation principle between the 'cognizable' and 'non-cognizable' spheres of activity can lead not only to the educational process degradation but can also destroy pupils' personality. This indicator contradicts with the traditions which settled in pedagogics as by default, it is accepted that if a teacher forms mathematical knacks in children, it means that the teacher himself has loves of mathematics (this constitutes the teacher's estimation towards the subject) and, naturally, translates his love to pupils. The various tenures analysis shows that teacher is a human too and he/she can treat different areas of the pedagogical activity differently: he can well know a certain area of knowledge but absolutely dislike it while trying to instill love of this area of knowledge into pupils. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Since the 1970s,great developments and achievements have been made abroad in the study and criticism of ecological literature.And in recent years study on western ecological literature has also drawn worldwide attention at home,as the research on ecological literature,both in British and American literature,has reached high level both in scope and depth.Regrettably study and criticism of German ecological literature are still not brilliant domestically,which is not optimistic.How to keep pace with or catch up with the study on ecological literature in other countries has become a top priority for Chinese scholars of Germanic studies and ecology.Eco-poet Brinkmann is one of the leading figures in the poetic circle of Federal Germany in the 1970s.His works call for detailed research and exploration in terms of their high artistic achievements and positive realistic significance.The paper,based on eco-poetic thoughts in his post-modernist aesthetic conceptions,is intended to focus on artistic characteristics and realistic significance of his works,so as to throw light on the important role that ecological protection plays in human existence.


The topical West German cultivars of Vicia [aba were screened for antibiotic reactions on Aphis [abae (Scopoli 1763). The highly susceptible cv "Diana" and the part ially resistant cv "Bolero" were chosen for detailed studies on the reproduct ion, rate of phloem sap uptake, weight development and host preference of the aphids. The total fecundity on "Bolero" is lower, and the larvae are produced slowlier and over a longer period of time compared to "Diana". In the host preference experiments, both, alatae and apterae prefer "Diana". After the moult to Lrinstar, the honeydew production and the weight in crease of aphids on "Bolero" is reduced. By a daily changing of aphids from attacked to unattacked plants, it could be prooved that not the resistance react ion is induced by aphid infestation, but that susceptibility of Vicia [aba is the result of an aphid-triggered physiological react ion of the plant. A preliminary analysis of phloem extracts and honeydew show little differences in the aminoacid content and pattern of phloem extracts from resistant and susceptible varieties, but a much higher resorpt ion of aminoacids on the par tially resistant cultivar. This is an indication for an unsufficient aminoacid supply, which could be caused by the reduct ion of the feeding rate.


The present study examined the working alliance, as measured by the full-length Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and its association with psychopathy, treatment completion, and recidivism in a sample of 111 incarcerated adult male sexual offenders. The men completed the WAI 3 months into their treatment program, while psychopathy was measured via file-based ratings of the Hare's Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), and outcome data were collected via the Canadian Police Information Centre. The majority (85%) of high PCL-R scoring men (PCL-R 25+) successfully completed their treatment program, and by and large, the men demonstrated strong working alliances with their primary therapists. The WAI scale components showed differential associations with the structural features of psychopathy. Specifically, the Affective facet was significantly associated with weaker Bond scores, while the Lifestyle facet was associated with lower Task scores; these results were upheld after controlling for scores on the other PCL-R facets. Strength of alliance, however, was not significantly associated with any recidivism outcomes, irrespective of controls for psychopathy. Implications for the treatment of offenders with high levels of psychopathic traits are discussed in light of extant findings and unique features of the therapeutic alliance.