For us as surgeons, we are moving from the stages of the cleft palate speech, which is focused to nothing more than a hole closure that will require the skill of flap creation so that everything else will fall in the right place, to going beyond the hole closure and having the vision of what really entails in cognition and expressed language. The Bflap wars[ are still going as seen on the copies of the published journals and in meetings all around the globe. What affects the outcome is the developmental status of the patient, the age of the individual under the evaluation, the cognitive skill, and now the genetic constituency of the system of operation that is driving the patient's ability to speak in a balanced way without acquiring any abnormalities. As children mature, they develop the ability to use the instinct and mentation through genetically driven and environmentally influenced actions and reactions. Specific loci in the brain related to cognitive functions and control language. In humans, the process of well-mastered communication skills starts before age 6 months and progresses gradually so that, with appropriate stimulation, education, and cognition, competent receptive and expressive language is achieved by 6 years of age. Needed for mastering expressive language, commonly called speech, are able and appropriate anatomical structures that support the cognitive skills required to mature in a normal fashion. It all starts with babbling at age 2 to 3 months and proceeds slowly until age 6 years when the mastery of the expressive language is significant. That process cannot be interrupted at any time within the rapid development. Knowing the aspects of this major function along came certain surgeons treating patients with anatomical deficiencies, a hole as a congenital deformity, the cleft palate, claiming that the surgical procedures they do are what make those patients speak well. The beginning of the flap wars was almost a century old. Also, on the other hand, for some who feel that it is imperative how the patients speak, other anatomical configuration takes better priorities. Then came other interested, powerful colleagues claiming that pretty faces should take early priority because these affect the dentition of the patient, whereas speech recognition and expression should take second priority because it can always be learned. Others, the so-called masters of the trade, claim that they can correct speech abnormalities at any age any time, giving a normal balanced speech. With all of that in conflict, in came the protocols based on dogma, not science. Statistics that are made to support a point raised more complexities about the speech issue. I recall some places around the world where patients were brought in to show the protocol being instituted at their center and followed up for many years to the point. They were in their late teens, claiming they had normal facial growth. When we asked the patients questions, we found that they had poor communication skills and severe nasal emission, and they were unable to pursue progress in cognition and expressive language, while experiencing problems with their schooling. It would have been interesting to know, if the patients could speak well, what their own perceptions of their appearance were at that time. What we have is fallout from dogma shown over and over in widespread arenas, an international phenomenon. After careful thought and carefully studying the data, we started early repair in patients who have deficiencies due to clefts. We gave them anatomical structures to start their early speech and to get, as nearly normal as possible, superior functional expressive language by the time they reach age 6 years. It is unimaginable that, in a number of centers, the protocol requires that the anatomical defect in structures necessary for intelligible speech be left unrepaired until age 6 or 8 years, when the protocol for the physiological mechanism of said children is to have by that year mastered their expression of language. Some claim they can correct any speech problem they find, including glottic stops, but this is not in agreement with most speech pathologists at present. Another problem is targeting populations. The claim is that patients who have Pierre Robin anomalad, if repaired early, will have sudden infant death syndrome, as if sudden infant death syndrome were an association of palatal congenital deformity. That is part of a dogma that has no initiation, no foundation, and no statistical evidence to support its validity. Hundreds of youngsters affected with this common congenital deformity today experience tangential effects in their function. With appropriate skills based on adequate anatomical structure repair, the child can use and acquire communicative skills early in life. Unfortunately, some practitioners follow the dogma because it is carried from book to book, without question of validity. Thus, without looking at outcome data, what has transpired, and new advances that have come to the forefront, dogma remains, although some may be nothing more than witchcraft rather then true science. Now, we all know that local tissue flaps alone do not make patients speak well. The important point is to put the muscles together so that the myofunctional physiology is regained; also, ensure that they continue their musculature innervations appropriately to make sure that they function properly. For that reason, it is known that an early 3-layer closure to bring the mucosa together SPECIAL EDITORIAL


Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions have been conducted in a range of ambient temperature ionic liquids. The ionic liquids give excellent reactivities for bromoarenes in addition to easy product isolation. The preferred reaction conditions are explored and the effect of changing the ionic liquid components is investigated. The in situ formation of mixed phosphine/imidazolylidene palladium complexes is demonstrated in all of the catalytically active solutions, but in none of the inactive solutions. Formation of 1,3-dialkyl-2-arylimidazolium salts is demonstrated, but it is also shown that these salts can act as a source of arene for the reaction; that is, both reductive elimination and oxidative addition of 1,3-dialkyl-2-arylimidazolium salts from/to the palladium are occurring. The implications of this for the use of ionic liquids as solvents for Suzuki reactions are discussed.


Poly (styrene sulfone) is a 2:1 copolymer of styrene to sulfur dioxide which degrades under high energy irradiation. It has a sensitivity of when exposed to 5 kV electrons. The resist is thermally stable to 250°C and is an excellent ion milling mask with a milling rate of 0.5 nm sec−1. It also serves as an etching mask for buffered . Polystyrene sulfone does not vapor develop.


where &dquo;active hydrogen compound&dquo; refers to polyols, primary amines, water, etc. For trimerized isocyanate without active hydrogen compounds in the formulation (&dquo;pure trimer&dquo;), the % trimer is simply equal to the -NCO content in the isocyanate (31% 32% for Mondur MR, PAPI, etc.). In practice, a theoretical trimer level of 18% 22% provides a balance between low combustion properties and low foam friability. At higher levels, friability increases to an unacceptable level (>30%), while lower trimer contents increase the combustibility. A sample calculation is shown below for a 20% trimer polymer: 300 parts polymer, consisting of 276 Mondur MR (eq. wt. = 133g/Mole NCO) and 24 propylene glycol (eq. wt. = 38g/Mole OH)


The traditional PID control approach is often adopted in CNC machine tool position controller. The approach is simple and easy to implement, but can't achieve rapid adjustment and less overshoot at the same time. Consequently, on the basis of analyzing fuzzy control theory and design method, the CNC machine tool fuzzy PID position control approach is developed in the paper. The approach makes full use of the advantages of fuzzy control and PID control. The experiment results show that in contrast to traditional PID position controller, the developed approach can achieve better rapidity, shorter adjust time and satisfied overshoot. It is much significant to high-precision CNC machining.


I would like to share some information regarding the use of the megohmmeter and strain indicator for evaluating various strain gage waterproofing compounds in a high humidity environment (50 to 100% relative humidity).


ABSTRACT Canada has approached the Global South (Third World) through colonial systems, as participants in British imperial structures. Canadians have seen themselves as being quite different in foreign affairs from the United States – a belief reflected in much of the literature about Canada's international history. In at least one way, this is accurate: Canadian governments have aimed to engage rather than isolate regimes seen as American adversaries. Yet Canadian policies toward decolonization echoed those of the colonial powers and differed little from American policies. With a focus on the governments of Pierre Trudeau, Brian Mulroney and Jean Chrétien, this article examines Canadian engagement strategies with China and Cuba and its hesitant approaches to decolonization in the British Empire, Portuguese Africa, Timor-Leste and elsewhere, concluding that Canada's diplomatic self-image diverges sharply from its actions.


The decay of the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=8}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomer in ${}^{132}\mathrm{Ce}$ with an excitation energy of 2340.2 keV has been investigated using the ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}{(}^{16}\mathrm{O}{,4n)}^{132}\mathrm{Ce}$ reaction. A half-life of 9.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 ms was determined. Two new decay paths have been found in the deexcitation of this isomer. The hindrance factors for the $E1,$ $M2,$ and $E3$ transitions deexciting the isomer have been determined. The decay properties of the ${8}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomers in the $N=74$ isotones are discussed. A band mixing mechanism involving the ground state and $s$ band seems to be responsible for the behavior of the reduced hindrance factors of the $E1$ transitions deexciting the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=8}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomers in these isotones. A $K$ mixing, characteristic of the axially asymmetric nuclei, may account for the reduced hindrance factors of the $E3$ transitions to the ${5}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{+}$ states in ${}^{130}\mathrm{Ba}$ and ${}^{132}\mathrm{Ce}.$


Motorcycle users in Palembang today continues to increase, this can happen because of some aspect of one of them is an easy process motorcycle ownership. current motor system purchase on credit easier for people to have a motorcycle, then as a leader must be able to see these opportunities and be able to take long term strategic planning decisions to increase sales turnover of motor. In the long term strategic planning in the company of course require a lot of data management in considering the long-term strategic planning that will be taken.
Not only internal data, but leadership also requires external data to assist in long-term decisions.But often the targets set by the company can not be achieved
because of the decision making process often times there are barriers. Therefore, the authors will build a system to assist management in decision-making long-term strategic planning to achieve company sales targets. In building the system, the authors use the methodology FAST (Framework for the Application of System Technique). After performing the stages that exist in the FAST methodology, the
authors get the results of analysis of leadership often have difficulty in decision-making long term strategic planning because of the difficulty of data integration
between internal and external data to be used by the leadership. External data obtained from outside the corporate environment often still shaped narratives that
lead to leadership difficulties to integrate with internal data has been computerized. With the application proposed by the authors is expected to provide convenience to the leadership in making decisions and long-term strategic
planning with the proposed application, the company is able to increase sales turnover and the leadership and employees are expected to support this development.


A model was developed for the operation of a GaN pn junction vertical diode which includes rate equations for carrier capture and thermally activated emission by substitutional carbon impurities and carrier generation by ionizing radiation. The model was used to simulate the effect of ionizing radiation on the charge state of carbon. These simulations predict that with no applied bias, carbon is negatively charged in the n-doped layer, thereby compensating n-doping as experimentally observed in diodes grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. With reverse bias, carbon remains negative in the depletion region, i.e., compensation persists in the absence of ionization but is neutralized by exposure to ionizing radiation. This increases charge density in the depletion region, decreases the depletion width, and increases the capacitance. The predicted increase in capacitance was experimentally observed using a pulsed 70 keV electron beam as the source of ionization. In additional confirming experiments, the carbon charge-state conversion was accomplished by photoionization using sub-bandgap light or by the capture of holes under forward bias.


Heat load from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) packages will result in elevated temperatures around the disposal tunnel. Differences in thermal expansion between rock and water will induce the redistribution of stresses. The assessment of the thermo-hydromechanical (THM) regime is necessary to evaluate the potential for fracture development. For this purpose, it is important to evaluate the nature and extent of induced strains, and their impact on rock permeability, which, subsequently, is important for radionuclide transport. This paper presents the modeling activities of the Lithuanian Energy Institute performed in the framework of the European joint program EURAD and the analysis of the influence of temperature on clay-based material behavior. Within this study, different stress conditions and material properties (isotropic, anisotropic) were analyzed with a thermo-poroelastic material model for the Callovo-Oxfordian clay host rock in the 100 m x 100 m domain. The heat load on the clay rock comes from a tunnel with a radius of 1.25 m. The overall THM response of the clay host rock system to the heat load is performed with the COMSOL Multiphysics (Burlington, MA, USA) software. The THM response near the HLW disposal tunnel was analyzed in terms of temperature, pore pressure, displacements, and stresses, and the results are presented in this work. Besides the impact of anisotropy, the effect of hydraulic conditions at the tunnel boundary was also analyzed. The modeling results revealed that anisotropy in stress and properties had an impact on the hydro-mechanical response of the material even during excavation and waiting phases. The analysis also showed that the water drainage condition on the tunnel boundary had no effect on the thermal state around the tunnel, but it had a significant impact on the hydro-mechanical response.


This paper introduces a sparse learning strategy that is suited for any fuzzy inference model, in particular to the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, in order to optimize the generalization capability of the resulting model. This depends on two main issues: the estimate of numerical parameters of each fuzzy rule and the whole number of rules to be used. In this work, the former problem is solved by considering a random weight fuzzy neural network, where the fuzzy rule parameters of antecedents (i.e., membership functions) are randomly generated and the ones of rule consequents are estimated using a Regularized Least Squares algorithm. The second problem is solved by pruning the coefficients of fuzzy rules following a procedure based on sparse Bayesian learning theory. Experimental results on well-known datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


This paper proposes a high-efficiency flux weakening drive based on the model predictive control (HEFW-MPC) for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). It is of great significance to improve the IPMSM's efficiency due to its wide application and the urgent need for emission reduction. The flux weakening drive can extend the speed range of IPMSM and reduce the gear ratio. The lower gear ratio is helpful to improve the mechanical transfer efficiency. However, the IPMSM's loss has often been ignored. Therefore, the high-efficiency algorithm (HEA), concerning the copper and iron loss of IPMSM, is introduced to improve efficiency. Besides, the model predictive control (MPC) is utilized as the controller to handle complex nonlinearities and constraints. But it is difficult to directly solve the FW problem with multiple constraints, e.g., voltage limitation, current limitation, HEA, etc. Hence, the equivalent optimization is proposed to simplify the primal problem. The simulations and experiments verify that the presented HEFW-MPC is effective in driving IPMSM. What's more, the efficiency maps demonstrate that HEFW-MPC is helpful to improve the efficiency and extend the high-efficiency region of IPMSM.


Objective: The aim is to analyze and discuss Home Economics teachers' educational choices regarding the educational content food and health.Method: A discourse analytic approach combined with a did ...


This paper presents an analysis and transformation for individual object reclamation in Java programs. First, we propose a uniqueness inference algorithm that identifies variables and object fields that hold unique references. The algorithm performs an intra-procedural analysis of each method, and then builds and solves a set of inter-procedural uniqueness dependencies to find the global solution. Second, our system uses the uniqueness information to automatically instrument programs with explicit deallocation of individual objects. A key feature of the transformation is its ability to deallocate entire heap structures, including recursive structures, when their root objects are freed. This is achieved by generating object destructors that recursively free all of the unique object fields. Our experiments show that the analysis is effective at reclaiming a large fraction of the objects at a low analysis cost.


Objective To observe the effect of puerarin on blood lipid of exercise training rats.Methods SD rats were divided in- to four groups:control,exercise,puerarin,exercise and puerarin.The contents of total Cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipopretein(HDL),low density lipopretein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) in blood were determined and analyzed.Results Compared with control、exercise group,the contents of TC and TG decreased evidently in puerarin,exercise and puerarin groups.Compared with control group,the contents of HDL increased evidently in exercise and puerarin groups.Compared with control,solvent group,the contents of LDL,VLDL decreased evidently in exercise and puerarin groups.Conclusion Puerarin can decrease the contents of TC,TG and LDL,VLDL evidently,and can increase the content of HDL evidently in blood of exercise training rats.


Introduction and overview The goal of treatments for schizophrenia has moved beyond management of psychotic symptoms to the goal of "recovery." Recovery refers to achieving independent living, vocational or educational activities, and satisfying interpersonal relationships (Kopelowicz et al., 2005; Liberman & Kopelowicz, 2005). This goal remains elusive for many patients with schizophrenia, as evidenced by the disappointing statistics on the worldwide level of disability associated with the illness (Murray & Lopez, 1996; WHO, 2008). An important step for public health improvement is to identify the determinants of poor functioning that interfere with successful community adaptation. One of the most consistent correlates and determinants of functional outcome for individuals with schizophrenia has been neurocognition (i.e., episodic memory, attention, working memory, reasoning and problem solving abilities, and speed of processing). Relationships between neurocognition and functional outcome have been well documented in several reviews of this literature (Green, 1996; Green et al., 2000; Green et al., 2004). The relationships are present in cross-sectional studies, as well as in prospective studies in which neurocognition is assessed at baseline and outcome is assessed one or two years later (Green et al., 2004). The specific types of functional outcome vary across studies, but they usually include aspects of role functioning (work, housekeeping, school), independent living, and/or social functioning with friends and family. Associations between neurocognition and functional outcome are typically stronger than those found between psychotic symptoms and functional outcome, and sometimes even stronger than those between negative symptoms and outcome. Most of the studies in the reviews examined patients with chronic illness, but the linkages are also present in first-episode and prodromal (high-risk) samples (Carrion et al., 2011; Nuechterlein et al., 2011). While the magnitude of these relationships are often modest at the level of individual cognitive domains, a substantial amount of variance in outcome can be explained when summary scores that combine multiple domains are examined (Green et al., 2000). Given the well-established nature of this literature, this chapter will not conduct a new review. Instead, it will attempt to place this literature in a larger context. Although the


A practical postal numeral segmentation and recognition system for Chinese business letters is presented. Line information for the address blocks is gained from the envelope image by projection, then the sub-image of the postal numerals is segmented. The numerals are recognized by three independent classifiers, and their results are combined to form final results. An improved voting principle based on a priori knowledge of each classifier is utilized to combine multiple classifiers in order to achieve perfect performance for high recognition rate and low error rate. The recognition ability of each classifier, acting with the voting principle, is obtained by statistics for a large set of samples. Different thresholds gained by training are employed for different classes, which can yield better results. A parallel structure hardware is designed to implement a real-time image processing system. The performance of the system is shown to be satisfactory, sufficient for the requirements of practical use.


Polymer modified binders (PMBs) have been used in Australia for some time to provide deformation and fatigue resistance in asphalt. The excellent performance of these binders has been recognised through increasing usage and through the publication of AUSTROADS and other specifications. Problems have, however, been encountered in the application of these materials, especially with SBS-based PMBs, with respect to the evolution of fumes during laying of the asphalt. This paper discusses the development by BP Australia of PMBs which exhibit reduced fuming characteristics and which have a low tendency for polymer segregation during hot storage. Binder properties are evaluated with conventional and more sophisticated testing, such as rheometry. A simple fuming test was devised to guide binder development. Dense graded asphalt mixes were characterised using SAA tests and AUSTROADS guidelines for mix design and stiffness, dynamic creep and fatigue, together with wheel tracking testing. Performance in open graded asphalt was indicated by conducting abrasion testing, binder drainage testing and other conventional asphalt testing. The encouraging laboratory performance indicators for binder fuming were confirmed by road trials carried out to monitor any adverse health effects experienced by crews on exposure to fumes. The excellent asphalt characteristics measured in the laboratory were also validated by conducting ALF testing to measure rutting at elevated temperatures.


In 1945 the Indonesian republic accepted the Pancasila‐ideology as the basis of the independent state. In this ideology the role of religion is clearly defined as one of the five pillars of society. This has caused a more positive perception among Muslims of the major religions of the world (especially Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism). It has also started a series of interreligious encounters, aimed at national development and interreligious harmony. Local and new religions are excluded from this positive appreciation. A small Muslim minority has also expressed its fear of the Pancasila as the new and dominating pseudo‐religion of the country.


This is in reference to the recent l e t t e r from 14essrSo ~3uscher and Piper of l larry Diamond Labs concerning so-cal led "anomalies" in the residue operator. I reproduced th is terminal session with)DIOITS 16, with the resul ts attached. As you can see, the resul ts Of I IY , while admittedly not zero, are, however~ in accordance with ti le standard number-theoretic de f i n i t i on of residue, which requires that the resul t of residue be non=negativeo The non-zero resul ts are due, as i4essrso Buscher and and Piper believed, to the f i n i t e precision of f loa t ing-po i nt numbers°


Thirty‐seven years post‐eruption, erosion of the debris avalanche at Mount St Helens continues to supply sediment to the Toutle–Cowlitz River system in quantities that have the potential to lower the Level of Protection (LoP) against flooding unacceptably, making this one of the most protracted gravel‐bed river disasters to date. The Portland District, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recently revised its long‐term plan for sediment management (originally published in 1985), in order to maintain the LoP above the Congressionally‐authorized level, while reducing impacts on fish currently listed under the Endangered Species Act, and minimizing the overall cost of managing sediment derived from erosion at Mount St Helens. In revising the plan, the USACE drew on evidence gained from sediment monitoring, modelling and uncertainty analysis, coupled with assessment of future LoP trends under a baseline scenario (continuation of the 1985 sediment management strategy) and feasible alternatives. They applied geomorphological principles and used engineering science to develop a phased Sediment Management Plan that allows for uncertainty concerning future sediment yields by implementing sediment management actions only as, and when, necessary. The phased plan makes best use of the potential to enhance the sediment trap efficiency and storage capacity of the existing Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) by incrementally raising its spillway and using novel hydraulic structures to build islands in the North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) and steepen the gradient of the sediment plain upstream of the structure. Dredging is held in reserve, to be performed only when necessary to react to unexpectedly high sedimentation events or when the utility of other measures has been expended. The engineering‐geomorphic principles and many of the measures in the phased Sediment Management Plan are transferrable to other gravel‐bed river disasters. The overriding message is that monitoring and adaptive management are crucial components of long‐term sediment‐disaster management, especially in volcanic landscapes where future sediment yields are characterized by uncertainty and natural variability. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


The basic characteristics and features of a developed series of the bottom recorders are considered in the paper that allows reducing the expenses on expeditions and investigations. This aim is achieved due to decreases of devices cost, increases in a resource of autonomous functioning up to 1 year, applications of a surfacing mode both on command of internal timer and external acoustic signal if it is needed.


Based on a case study in Xiamen urban master planning, this paper introduces the present condition and thinking of city development. Then it analyzes the sill, structure and quality of urban spatial development, and points out countermeasures of solving the problem in urban spatial development.


Recently, wetlands are gradually shrinking in Japan and many other countries due to human activities. Especially, the bog-mire system is valuable, because it was formed over a span of thousand years and a unique ecosystem is maintained there. However, the bog-mire ecosystem is delicate to external impact. We investigated the quality of ground water and the chemical properties of accumulated peat in lakes and wetlands at different succession stages at Wakasakanai costal dune located in northern Hokkaido, Japan, and studied the change of water quality and water cultivation system in the succession process. The results are summarized as follows. We proved chemically in situ that the surface ground water of wetland changes from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic, with peat accumulation. This change was caused by the inversion of ground water flow. These tendencies were clarified by Principal Component Analysis of water quality. Carbon content was about 50% in peat soil. This percentage composition did not differ much at different depths. Nitrogen content was 3-4% in lake mud, and humic soil, but in peat soil the content became lower, being about 1% in sphagnum peat soil. On the surface of sphagnum peat soil, it became slightly high because living plants seem to take in nitrogen. From the point of view of soil composition, the nutrient content must be low to form sphagnum peat. To conserve the bog-mire system or the sphagnum area, surface ground water must be kept ombrotrophic. To this end, ground water flowing downstream is necessary.


Creating Love The Next Great Stage Of Growth [Free] Creating Love The Next Great Stage Of Growth [EPUB] [PDF] This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top ... do, 23 mei 2019 20:27:00 GMT How to Start a Podcast: Every Single Step The Podcast Host 4 Appreciative Inquiry Tools, Exercises and Activities ... THE STANISLAVSKI SYSTEM Santa Monica College 1 the stanislavski system growth and methodology perviz sawoski second edition Utilities Consulting Services | Accenture Accenture offers electricity, gas & water consulting to utility companies enabling them to transform for value and growth in a future of digital utilities. Read more. Content Marketing Made Simple: A Step-by-Step Guide Content marketing is a strategic method of delivering highly valuable and relevant information to a specific audience based on their needs, pain points, and desires. Love Wikipedia Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection and to ... Let Us Write You a Killer Tagline... Right Now and No Charge I love this! A clinic right in the comments! My blog is called Food Not Fuss, and it's aimed at teaching people how to eat healthy without spending hours in the ... World Future Society® For over 50 years, the World Future Society has been at the forefront of defining what it means to embrace a Futurist Mindset. Whether you're focused on social impact ...


Objective To assess the technical feasibility and efficacy of transdorsal-to-plantar(TDP)or transplantar-to-dorsal(TPD)intraluminal re-entry procedure following unsuccessful subintimal angioplasty for the treatment of arterial occlusion below the ankle.Methods TDP or TPD retrograde intraluminal re-entry angioplasty was carried out in 8 diseased limbs of 8 diabetic patients(5 males and 3 females,aged 62 ~ 81 years with a mean age of 75 ± 8 years),who were accompanied with chronic below-the-ankle arterial occlusive disease,after the standard transtibial subintimal angioplasty had failed.Both before and after the procedure the clinical symptoms,dorsal or plantar arterial pulse volume scores and ankle-brachial indexes(ABI)were determined in all patients,the results were compared and statistically analysed.During the follow-up period,the degree of pain relief,the healing of the wound,the salvage of the diseased limb and the restenosis occurrence of the target vessels were evaluated.Results Of the total 8 patients,TDP or TPD retrograde intraluminal re-entry angioplasty was successfully performed in 5(62.5%).After the treatment the foot pain was markedly relieved,the median pulse volume scores and ankle-brachial indexes were increased from 0.60 ± 0.55 and 0.32 ± 0.20 before the procedure to 2.40 ± 0.55 and 0.75 ± 0.12 after the procedure,respectively(P 0.01 for both).At the end of the follow-up lasting for twelve months,the visual analogue scale was apparently improved,the scores decreased from preoperative 7.40 ± 1.14 to 2.20 ± 1.48(P = 0.002).Of two cases with intractable skin ulcer,the skin lesion was completely healed in one and was significantly decreased in size in another.No amputation surgery was needed in all successfully treated patients.Magnetic resonance angiography revealed that one target vessel developed re-stenosis.Conclusion TDP and TPD retrograde intraluminal re-entry techniques are clinically feasible and effective for the treatment of foot ischemia in diabetic patients when standard below-the-ankle angioplasty has failed.


Business history has long prospered in its institutional niche while remaining on the outer rim of contemporary history. The recent boom in German business history, though, has shown that the insights gained from economic and business studies add significantly to our knowledge of twentieth century history. Beyond National Socialism, which has attracted the lion's share of both attention and funding, the analysis of corporate protagonists sheds light on the complex interplay of state–business relations and the institutional continuities of Western economies. Case studies – among which the Flick Concern stands out as a cornerstone of recent research in business history – qualify the broad assumptions of the varieties-of-capitalism debate and suggest that familiar periodizations such as the Short Twentieth Century might need reconsideration.


to find out the suitable herbicide combinations for management of resistance Phalaris minor , its regression and correlation studies with wheat. The finding revealed that increase in weed density and dry weight displayed a strong negative linear relationship with grain yield. Linear regression equation represented that increase in every one unit of density and dry weight of P. minor led to reduction in wheat yield by 0.027 and 0.0102 times, respectively. Among the herbicidal treatments, sequential application of pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone (tank-mix, TM) fb mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (ready-mix, RM) (1500 + 102 g/ha) pre-emergence, (PE) fb 14.4 g/ha post-emergence, (PoE) or pendimethalin + metribuzin (TM) fb mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (RM) (1000 + 175 g/ha) PE fb 14.4 g/ha PoE led to significantly control of P. minor , broad-leaved weeds (BLWs) and total weeds. This resulted in better crop growth, higher yield attributes, 37.6-51.9% higher grain yield and 80-81% higher net return as compared to unweeded control. However, PE or PoE herbicide applied alone recorded poor efficacy towards P. minor and other weeds and resulted in poor yield. Correlation studies indicated strong positive association of grain yield with visual weed control, crop dry weight and its height and negative association with weed density and dry weight. Therefore, for effective management of resistant P. minor along with other weed flora, herbicide combination with its sequential application is of prime importance for optimum yield in wheat. ABSTRACT


This paper proposes a decentralized algorithm for real-time control of oscillatory dynamics in power systems. The algorithm integrates dynamic state estimation (DSE) with an extended linear quadratic regulator (ELQR) for optimal control. The control for one generation unit only requires measurements and parameters for that unit, and hence the control at a unit remains completely independent of other units. The control gains are updated in real-time, therefore the control scheme remains valid for any operating condition. The applicability of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated on a representative power system model.


Belated copulation has been observed as one of the major factors that influence the fecundity and progeny sex ratio in parasitic wasps. A young (0-12h old) female mated with 0-12h old male, Binodoxys indicus produces 131.6±8.08 progeny within 4 days of life. However, older female mated with older male (both 96-108 h old) yields only 89.0±12.54 progeny. The progeny sex ratio (proportion of males) is female-biased (0.36±.03) when the parents were younger (0-12h old) but is male·biased (0.59±0.06) when the parents were older (96-108h old). Therefore, it implies that most of the daughters are produced during earlier phase of reproduction. The analysis of the data shows that only maternal age at copulation influences the total births significantly while both maternal as well as paternal age during copulation influence the progeny sex ratio. The implication of these results is discussed with reference to the maximisation of yield of total births as well as the female births for mass propagation and field release of the parasitoids in biocontrol programmes.


A compact microtron can be an effective gamma source that can be transported to locations outside the laboratory. As part of a Phase I study we have studied a portable microtron that can accelerate electrons with energies of 6 MeV and above as a source for gamma and neutron production. The mass of the magnet is a significant contribution to the overall mass of the system. This paper will discuss conceptual designs for both permanent magnet and electromagnet systems. The choice of microtron RF frequency range is determined by the application requirements. The RF frequency band influences the size of the microtron magnet and consequently its weight. We have looked at how the design would vary with the different frequency configurations.


PROBLEM A. Topological characterization of the complex affine space C. Let X be an w-dimensional smooth affine variety over C. Is it possible to impose some topological conditions on X which imply that X is isomorphic to the affine space C as algebraic varieties? Such isomorphic varieties are denoted in this note by X^C. PROBLEM B. Existence of exotic embeddings of C into C (The Abhyankar-Sathaye Conjecture). Assume that X: / = 0 is a smooth hypersurface in C such that X^C. Does there exist an algebraic automorphism h : C^C such that f°h is a linear form? This can be restated as whether any embedding of C into C is equivalent to a linear embedding.


This paper examines the impact of financial leverage on the firm's investment decision by using information on Pakistani publicly traded companies. In this paper, researcher has find out the negative relationship between leverage and investment, but the negative relationship between leverage and investment is significantly stronger for those firms which have low growth opportunities as compared to high growth opportunities. Growth opportunities play a vital role in investment decision of firm with leverage to avoid under or over investment. This research analyzes the results by using empirical model and measures the significance of endogeniety problem in implication of model. The paper supports to agency theory of corporate leverage and it shows the major impact of leverage especially when growth opportunities are low for firm.


The North Belut Oil and Gas Field is located in the Block B PSC, South Natuna Sea. The primary hydrocarbon producing intervals are the Oligocene Udang and Gabus formations. Field development started in late 2008. Two production platforms were utilized, with a total of 60 well slots with 32 wells drilled to date. Produced gas is contracted to Malaysia. The Udang formation is characterized by an interbedded sand-shale interval comprising five sub-zones separated by shale breaks. Individual sand thicknesses range from a few inches to several feet. The Udang is interpreted to have been deposited in a deltaic environment, with thin distributary channel and associated mouth bar sands.. The critical production risks for developing the Udang reservoir were identified as vertical and lateral reservoir continuity along with porosity and permeability. To address these risks, conventional coring together with advanced logging tools such as multi-component resistivity and image logs were acquired in several wells located in the crestal area of the structure. identified some previously unrecognized pay. This analysis together with mud gas data was a key to identifying pay intervals and determining which zones to perforate. Production logging tool data were acquired in some wells, and supported the interpretation that the additional pay intervals identified by the advanced logging tool were contributing to production. With the various challenges in accurately calculating porosity, Sw and permeability associated with the Udang reservoir, this paper will focus on the integration of data and petrophysical methods implemented to optimize the petrophysical analysis for reservoir characterization.


Experimentally reported interfacial luminescence from silicon nano structures are studied by using a first-principles calculation of a Si(100) quantum slab covered with silicon oxide. When Si-OH bonds were introduced at the silicon/silicon-oxide interface, wave functions at the valence band top and near conduction band bottom localized vertically and laterally near the Si-OH bonds. Such strong localization is the result of the cooperation of the coupling of non-bonding 2p lone pair orbitals on interfacial 0 atoms and the strong dipole of OH. Furthermore, the localization is significant only in silicon nano structures. This localization of the wave functions can be the source for creating localized excitons, which can dramatically enhance the intensity of photoluminescence. Therefore, interfacial Si-OH bonds are a theoretically convincing possible source of reported interfacial luminescence.


According to the characteristics of the students in vocational school in the new times, the headteacher should strive to use the art in administrating a class, that is, teach the students in accordance with their aptitude; attend to the construction of study atmosphere; strengthen the professional guidance; improve the headteacher's own quality and competence and establish the headteacher's prestige; attach importance to the cultivation of the student leaders of the class; improve the less advanced students'quality profoundly and thoroughly; renew the concept of teaching and keep pace with the times.


Concerns over Zambia's public debt, in particular from China have attracted debate on debt sustainability, Chinese loans and the role of the International Monetary Fund.


The administration of religious difference in modern Egypt suggests more continuity in the state's involvement in personal status affairs over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries than is generally thought to exist. At the same time, the role that the administrative courts have played, on the one hand, in regulating formal religious identity and, on the other hand, in adjudicating conversion and apostasy has gone largely unaddressed. This article argues that constituting religious identity as an administrative category subject to judicial oversight was part of a larger constellation of political arrangements that reorganized relations among legal and bureaucratic institutions, religious authority, and state capacity in the modern period. By accounting for the enduring inconsistency with which the rule of law is deployed in religious status jurisprudence and the French legal influences that undergird this practice, the article illuminates how the administrative judiciary, a purportedly secular institution meant to curb an unwieldy bureaucracy, sustains rather than restricts sovereign state decisionism. The paradoxes of judicial discretion construct mutable boundaries between minority and majority religious populations that are central to the exercise of secular power.


In this study, we exploit a policy shock that differentially increased capital gains taxes for housing units with holding period less than 5 years, and document tax avoidance and tax evasion in the residential resale market in China. We show suggestive evidence that after the capital gains tax increase, resale transactions exhibit more bunching above 5 years of holding period, but the responses are small and imprecisely estimated. More importantly, using precise information of both the actual transaction price and the reported price to the tax authority, we find that tax evasion, measured by the difference between the two prices, becomes 23.3% higher. We also document that the policy has strong heterogeneous effects, whereby cash buyers are 8.4% more likely to buy a house than buyers who need financing after the policy. This is mainly because financing buyers prefer a higher reported price (and so less tax evasion) to secure higher bank loans but cash buyers do not have such concern.


The kernel of the study of magnetic quantum materials focuses on the magnetic phase transitions, among which the most common phenomenon is the transition between low-temperature magnetic-ordered phase to high-temperature paramagnetic phase. A paramount question is if such paramagnetic phase of the correlated solids can be well described by single-particle band theory to facilitate the experimental observations. In this work, we investigate the properties of temperature-driven paramagnetic phase via two different approaches within the framework of density functional theory, monomorphous and polymorphous description. From a comprehensive comparison of total energies, symmetries and band structures, we demonstrate the necessity for a proper treatment of paramagnetic phases with several prototypical examples. For Pauli paramagnetism phase, the vanishing of spin moments permits us to apply a nonmagnetic monomorphous description, while for paramagnetism with disordered local moments, such description imposes unrealistic high symmetry, leading to a metallic state in certain cases, inconsistent with the experimental observation. In contrast, the polymorphous description based on a large-enough supercell with disordered local moments is able to count in the effects of distinct local environments, such as symmetry lowing, providing a more reliable paramagnetic electronic structure and total energy compared with experiments. Our work shed new insights on discovering the temperature-dependent magnetic phase transition in the field of magnetic quantum materials.


An investigation has been made of certain phenomena associated with space charge external to the grid which surrounds the cathode in a multi‐grid tube. This paper reports a new effect, the essential feature of which is a negative plate current‐emission characteristic. The conditions under which this phenomenon is observed are outlined. Results of experiments with double and triple grid tubes are summarized. In general, two points on the characteristic may be found for which the plate current is independent of small variations in emission, whether of a statistical or ``functional'' nature. An explanation is presented based on the interaction of multiple space charge. An application to the problem of high gain amplification is suggested.


Five phases can be distinguished in the post-application persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes and each phase is associated with a specific set of mortality factors. Pre-application factors associated with production, storage and transport conditions determine the survival rate and quality of nematodes at the time of application. The phase of tank mixing and application with a sprayer, hose or other equipment does not usually cause mortality as nematode dauer juveniles are quite tolerant of shear forces. The most critical periods for survival are the first few minutes and hours directly after application. High losses, in the order of 40-80%, often occur during this phase. Ultraviolet radiation and dehydration are probably the most important mortality factors. The remaining nematodes settle in the soil and their numbers gradually decrease at levels of 5-10% per day. Predation, infection by antagonists, depletion of energy and desiccation are probably the main mortality factors during this period. In mo...


A personal experience story could be joined the narrative, since it has sequence of events. In other word, it has structures. The structures of the personal experience story are Orientation, complication, sequence of events, resolution, and coda. There are two aims in this research. First, to analyze what kinds of narratives' elements the senior high school students of Sekolah Berstandar International in Semarang apply those. Second, to find out the linguistics features express in each elements of narrative. The researchers used the technique of teknik simak bebas libat cakap. The researhers are not the respondents. There were two steps in gaining the data: the researchers collect the data, then classify it. There were 58 stories. The data was analyzed and clasified based on the elements of narratives: Orientation informs the character, time, place and situation; Complication indicates the point of the story or the development of the conflicts; Sequence of event indicates the climax; Resolution indicates the conclusion or resolution of the conflict; Coda signals the end of the story. The result showed that all the students used Orientation and Complication. On the other hand, sequence of events and resolution were used sometimes. Coda was rarely used by the students. There were four types of typical stories: happy ending, sad ending, bad and surprising experience. The expressions that is being expressed in the linguistic features of the narrative's elements were the expression of happiness, relieve, worried, and afraid. Â


The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an acetone/water extract of the air-dried aerial parts from Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. (Myrothamnaceae) was fractionated by a combination of CC on Sephadex LH-20, MPLC on RP-18 material and LPLC on MCI-gel. This procedure has led to the isolation of 2,3-di-O-galloylarbutin, a new representative of the rare 2,3-diacylated glucopyranosides. The structure was elucidated with the help of 2D-NMR and ESI-MS experiments. Conformation of D-glucose was established by CZE (capillary zone electrophoresis).


Aiming at the problems of low color matching efficiency, difficulty in expansion, and lack of standardization in the process of realizing data visualization in the front-end, a set of automatic color matching schemes suitable for various chart types is proposed. This method uses a color selection function to randomly select colors from qualified color intervals to construct multiple palettes, and then uses genetic algorithms to optimize them. The fitness function will evaluate the quality of the palette from the two aspects of perceptibility and harmony between colors. Finally, the front-end chart library (ECharts) will be used to present the results of this method, and the user will be investigated in multiple dimensions, and positive results have been obtained.


Some small-scale model machines, namely a synchronous generator, a levitated bearing and a levitated vehicle are presented as applications of high-temperature superconducting materials. The models have been constructed on the basis of calculation of the magnetic field and forces between permanent magnets and HTSC materials prepared by different fabrication techniques, that is cold-pressing, explosive-compaction and melt-texturing. The fabrication of the superconductor plays a fundamental role in designing these machines, since large levitation forces can be achieved using superconductors with high pinning forces. The fabrication processes as well as the main material aspects are also reported and discussed.


Worldwide, there are many informal caregivers who care for someone. As a result, they may experience stress and negative feelings. To support informal caregivers many different face-to-face and web-based interventions have been developed. However, these interventions have some disadvantages. Mobile health could be a possible solution. It can be integrated in the informal caregivers' everyday lives. This study aims to examine which mobile applications exist, what their content is, and what kind of mHealth features are incorporated. A systematic review in Apple's App Store was conducted with the Dutch and English search terms "caregiver", "mantelzorger", "informal caregiver", "mantelzoger", and "informal care". All mobile applications were analyzed with two extraction sheets. One was about the content of the mobile applications related to caregiving tasks and to informal caregivers' well-being. The other one was related to mHealth. The results showed that mobile applications are scarce (N=35). Most of the content related features refer to practical tools related to caregiving such as creating a care team. Referring to mHealth it appeared that the most used modal presentation is text-based. This study emphasized the limited availability of mobile applications. Further research is needed to examine which features are effective to incorporate in mobile applications.


Vomiting is a complex protective reflex mediated by the emetic center, a region of the central nervous system that receives impulses from other central and peripheral afferent areas. In cats, substance P, serotonin and norepinephrine are the main mediators of vomiting, with histamine, dopamine, acetylcholine, and enkephalins having a secondary role. In view of variations in the physiology of vomiting and pharmacology across species, the importance of studies focused on felines is emphasized. Among the emetic agents, alpha-2-adrenergic agonists, such as dexmedetomidine and xylazine, are the most studied in the species for this purpose. Maropitant and ondansetron are the more recent antiemetic drugs. Mirtazapine may be useful to prevent chronic vomiting.


Aim To screen the mutations of lipoprotein lipase gene in Chinese peoples and to study the possible effects of the mutations on the lipoprotein metabolism. Methods The lipoprotein lipase fragments were examined with polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and the polymerase chain reaction products showing abnormal pattern on single strand conformation polymorphism were sequenced using dideoxy chain termination method. Results Four kinds of mutations were found in 386 Chinese people,including one samesense mutation(Leu~(103)→Leu in exon 3) in one sample,a C→T transition at 6 bp upstream from acceptor splicing site of intron 3 detected in three samples,a C875→T transition resulting in a P207L mutation in exon 5 in one hypertriglyceidemic patient,and a C1595→G transversion resulting in a Ser~(447)→stop mutation.One homozygous and fifty heterozygous mutations were found. Conclusions Except for Ser~(447)→stop,the character of mutations of the lipoprotein lipase gene occurred in Chinese population is different from the Europe and American population.


In a model where sterile neutrinos arise as Kaluza-Klein states in large extra dimensions, we derive limits on the size of the extra dimensions from data collected by the MINOS and MINOS+ experiments. Using Fermilab's NuMI beam exposure of 16.36 × 1020 protons-on-target we constrain the size of large extra dimensions to be smaller than 0.17 µm at 90% C.L. in the limit of a vanishing lightest active neutrino mass. Even stronger limits are obtained for non-vanishing masses.


Single-phase-to-ground fault occurs most frequently in a distribution network.But conventional fault location methods cannot effectively solve this location problem due to several characteristics of the distribution network,e.g.multi-branches,long lines and high grounding resistance.Researches reveal that the DC location method is not influenced by these factors and can be used in solving fault location problem in distribution networks.Simulation and field tests have proved the feasibility of this method.To simplify the fault location operation with DC location method,a 60 Hz AC location method is recommended to shorten the locating time since the AC signal can be detected on the ground.Finally,field tests show that the proposed compositive location method combining AC and DC methods can effectively locate the fault point of the distribution network.


Objective: Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by marked femoral and tibial angulations, hypoplasic scapulae, normal upper limbs and sex reversal in 3/4 of 46,XY fetuses. Most cases are lethal in the neonatal period. Heterozygous mutations in the SOX9 gene are responsible for CD. The diagnosis is not usually made until the mid-second trimester or later. Methods: We describe 2 cases of CD suspected by ultrasonography in the first trimester. Results: The 2 cases presented with hygroma colli along with anomalies in the lower but not the upper limbs. Terminations of pregnancy were obtained at 14+3 and 20+6 gestational weeks. Fetopathological examinations confirmed sonographic findings. Conclusion: When first trimester hygroma colli is accompanied by specific findings of the lower limbs, the diagnosis of CD can be investigated through SOX9 mutation analysis.


Agent-based modelling has been proved to be extremely useful for learning about real world societies through the analysis of simulations. Recent agent-based models usually contain a large number of parameters that capture the interactions among microheterogeneous subjects and the multistructure of the complex system. However, this can result in the "curse of dimensionality" phenomenon and decrease the robustness of the model's output. Hence, it is still a great challenge to efficiently calibrate agent-based models to actual data. In this paper, we present a surrogate analysis method for calibration by combining supervised machine-learning and intelligent iterative sampling. Without any prior assumptions regarding the distribution of the parameter space, the proposed method can learn a surrogate model as the approximation of the original system with a relatively small number of training points, which will serve the needs of further sensitivity analysis and parameter calibration research. We take the heterogeneous asset pricing model as an example to evaluate the model's performance using actual Chinese stock market data. The results demonstrate the good capabilities of the surrogate model at modelling the observed reality, as well as the remarkable reduction of the computational time for validating the agent-based model.


Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. A possible risk factor for TB is diabetes (DM), which is predicted to increase dramatically over the next two decades, particularly in low and middle income countries, where TB is widespread. This study aimed to assess the strength of the association between TB and DM. We present a deterministic model for TB in a community in order to determine the impact of DM in the spread of the disease. The important mathematical features of the TB model are thoroughly investigated. The epidemic threshold known as the basic reproduction number and equilibria for the model are determined and stabilities analyzed. The model is numerically analyzed to assess the impact of DM on the transmission dynamics of TB. We perform sensitivity analysis on the key parameters that drive the disease dynamics in order to determine their relative importance to disease transmission and prevalence. Numerical simulations suggest that DM enhances the TB transmission and progression to active TB in a community. The results suggest that there is a need for increased attention to intervention strategies such as the chemoprophylaxis of TB latent individuals and treatment of active TB in people with DM, which may include testing for suspected diabetes, improved glucose control, and increased clinical and therapeutic monitoring in order to reduce the burden of the disease.


AI2O3 oxide (as of some oxide metals) is one of the perspective high-k electro-insulators and construction oxide materials, in particular, for the ceramical fuel material and for a first wall thermonuclear arrangement. Besides, this oxide is widely used as an active element or substrate at creation of laser and MOS systems, as a film coating and receiver of IR-radiation. Thus this work aims at investigation of radiation stability of the physical properties and a structure of AI2O3 oxide after irradiation in the reactor of a high fluence. In this connection the peculiarities of radiation effect on lattice parameters ( a,c ), form and position of several reflections, reflection coefficient and frequency of valence and deformation oscillations of Al-0 bonds, electric characteristics of the oxide were studied with techniques of X-diffraction, dielectric and IR-reflection spectroscopy. For example, in present communication the results of X-ray structure investigation of a after irradiation by high neutron doses (F) are reported. X-diffraction patterns were obtained using an X-ray diffractometer. Particular attention was given to dynamics of form and positions some representative reflexes with hkl = 014, 110, 03.12 and etc. The diffraction patterns exposed essential changes of peak intensity and position depending upon F, the Bragg angle 20 decreases with an increase in dose, the regularity can be observed if Koci and K0C2 doublet is splintered. For example, figure 1 demonstrates to radiation dynamics of the function 20 (F) for this doublet (Koci and Ka2) in the reflexes 03.12. One can see from fig. 1 that the displacement of this peak is A(20) = 40-50° at dose F=10201021 cm'2 (for the reflexes 02.10 see table 1). At high doses the reflexes at 20 > 70° are eroded and weakened and doublets are not splitting, the lattice parameters of crystals (a, c, d/n) undergo anisotropy expansion (table 1), at very high dose this parameter does not change more than Ac= 0,0038 nm and Aa = 0,0014 nm.


The tuning of the coupling ratio of fused fiber optic couplers over a wide range is demonstrated. The variable coupling ratio is achieved by applying a deflection to the fused biconical taper coupler. The dependency of the variable coupler on the deflection is elaborated. It is found that in the range of 0.8 mm deflection, the coupling ratio can be varied from 11% to 92% with the excess loss less than 0.1 dB.


Anodic water splitting is driven by hydroxide (OH–) adsorption on the catalyst surface and consequent O2 desorption. In this work, various heteroatoms (S/N/B/P) with different electronegativities and oxophilicities are introduced to alter the catalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is found that, surprisingly, S-doped RGO outperforms the other RGOs doped with more electropositive or electronegative and more oxophilic heteroatoms, and this effect becomes more prominent after Fe treatment of the respective catalysts. Herein, we evaluate the OER activity of a series of Fe-treated mono-heteroatom (S/N/B/P)-doped RGO (Fe-X-G) catalysts, among which interestingly S-doped RGO catalyst treated with Fe (Fe-S-G) is found to show better OER activity than the well-known active Fe-N-C catalyst, demonstrating the best activity among all of the prepared catalysts, close to that of the state of the art IrO2/C catalyst, along with pronounced long-term st...


The use of technology in the pedagogical process is growing at phenomenal rate, due to the vast availability of gadgets. Further, it is a challenging task for teachers to engage their students without technology integration, due to its popularity amongst their students. As a result, educationists see the urgent need of technology integration in students' mathematical activities. Therefore, the purpose of this experimental study was to identify whether GeoGebra enhances students' understanding of the concept of circles. Fifty-three grade nine students participated in this study and students were provided with six activities using GeoGebra to study the concept of circles. As a part of the quantitative analysis, survey questionnaires were distributed to the students and the results interpreted statistically. The results of this study showed that there existed a significance difference between the experimental and control group of students in understanding and analysing the concept of circles.


Summing a set of numbers, namely,"Accumulation,"is a subtask within many computational tasks. If the numbers to sum arrive non-stop in back-to-back clock cycles at high clock frequencies, summing them without allowing them to pile up can be quite a challenge, that is, when the latency of addition (i.e., summing two numbers) is longer than one clock cycle, which is always the case for floating-point numbers. This could also be the case for integer summations with high clock frequencies. In the case of floating-point numbers, this is handled by pipelining the adder, but that does not solve all problems. The challenges include optimization of speed, area, and latency. As well as the adaptability of the design to different application requirements, such as the ability to handle variable-size subsequent data sets with no time gap in between and with results produced in the input-order. All these factors make designing an efficient floating-point accumulator a non-trivial problem. Integer accumulation is a relatively simpler problem, where high frequencies can be achieved by using carry-save tree adders. This can then be further improved by efficient resource-sharing. In this paper, we present two fast and area-efficient accumulation circuits, JugglePAC and INTAC. JugglePAC is tailored for floating-point reduction operations (such as accumulation) and offers significant advantages with respect to the literature in terms of speed, area, and adaptability to various application requirements. INTAC is designed for fast integer accumulation. Using carry-save adders and resource-sharing, it can achieve very high clock frequencies while maintaining a low area complexity.


This manuscript describes measurements made over two summers of sulfur containing aerosols, atmospheric DMS mixing ratio, and seawater DMSP concentrations at the Mario Zucchelli Station in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. The authors link the aerosol types to biogenic DMS sea-to-air fluxes. The data from the two summers are compared and contrasted. The authors conclude that polynya close to the station is the most important for producing DMS and subsequent fresh aerosols. They also determine a branching ratio of DMS oxidation for freshly produced aerosols to be ~0.84 (older airmasses have a lower ratio). Biogenic particulate matter makes up an average of 17% (max of 56%) of PM10 measured at the station during the summer season. The article contains interesting and useful data, which are sparse, so it should definitely be published. It is generally well written and the techniques/analyses are robust. There are a few minor to moderate issues that should be addressed before publishing. One general comment is that there a number of minor English errors, so the article should be proofread again before submission.


Sunday. Choreography: Yacov Sharir (The Egg, More About Love, 2x5+, All Round Me, Command-Enter). Dance Company: Sharir Dance Company. Dancers: Jeffrey Bullock, Terry Hardy, Bryan Green, Liza Travis, Carolyn Pavlik, David Chao (The Egg); Bryan Green, Carolyn Pavlik (More About Love); Bryan Green, David Chao, Carolyn Pavlik, Terry Hardy, Liza Travis, Luis Manuel Narvaez (2x5+); Andrea Beckham, Bryan Green, Carolyn Pavlik (All Round Me); Terry Hardy, Bryan Green, David Chao, Carolyn Pavlik, Liza Travis, Luis Manuel Narvaez (Command-Enter). Drums: Yacov Sharir (Command-Enter). Music: Yudit Ravitz (More About Love). Composer: Michael Kapoulas (The Egg), Russell Pinkston (Command-Enter).


Analyzed on all kinds of electromagnetic interference may occurred based on normal conducting magnetic levitation technology used in PUDONG magnetic train line of Shanghai in China, such as: DC magnetic field generated by the levitating magnet which is supported of DC ; A radio-frequency electromagnetic field generated in the transmission of wireless information between station and the train. An alternating magnetic field generated by the guide rail synchronous long stator linear motor to the power supply cable; The ultra-low frequency induced electromagnetic fields produced by substation and along high-voltage transmission lines and so on. Study the impact of ultra-low frequency induced electro-magnetic, which is generated by the existing high voltage, large current of largest free power supply section. Studied on the shielding method, shielding material and dimensions of shielding material about ultra-low frequency induced electromagnetic, Experiment on the ultra-low frequency electromagnetic field shielding based on the magnetic levitation experiment pus down experimental apparatus and high-power three-phase motor model. For such shielding materials as acrylic, aluminum, galvanized steel, carbon steel, 304 stainless steel and others , Experiments show that the ultra-low bcarbon steel can effectively shield low frequency electromagnetic fields generated by magnetic levitation without considering the thickness of the case.


We present the development of a LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver based on the boost power converter. Several DC to DC converter circuits were evaluated to determine their characteristics by varying the components and the duty cycle. The selected driver ́s prototype was realized using a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) module as the switching controller, wherein the implementation using Xilinx ISE14.6 and the measurements were successfully performed. The boost converter topology was investigated to achieve an optimal converter which showed a relatively high gain voltage. A duty cycle of 5% up to 20% was required to obtain the driver output voltage of 20V, revealing the efficiency of approximately 90%.


Progressive cavity metering pump(PCP) which is especially good for the transmission of high viscosity liquids containing solid grains has been wildly used in electronic packaging industry in recent years. Due to the existence of pipeline pressure, adequate hydraulic sealing pressure is necessitated to prevent back-flow especially in high accuracy liquid transmission situations. There is a positive correlativity between hydraulic sealing pressure and contact pressure of PCP, so three-dimensional finite element models of PCP with high quality hexahedral mesh divided by ANSYS-ICEM is established to study the effect of stator pitch and stator thickness on contact pressure of PCP.


Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are prone to develop heart failure even in the absence of evident hypertension and coronary artery disease. This entity is difficult to detect in early stages by conventional echocardiographic techniques. 32 asymptomatic TMT (tread mill stress test) negative DM patients compared with control subjects were screened and performed LV (left ventricle) strain, strain rate and tissue Doppler imaging. Tissue Doppler imaging revealed increased E/E' of IVS (Inter ventricular septum) (p value<0.001) among DM suggestive of diastolic dysfunction. The tissue velocities E' of both the LV lateral wall (p value=0.004) and RV (right ventricle) (p value =0.003) were reduced among DM. Similarly, the peak systolic strain (p value<0.001), and strain rate (p value<0.001) were significantly reduced among diabetic subjects. DM is an independent risk factor for myocardial dysfunction even in asymptomatic normotensive subjects. The changes that occur in the myocardium due to diabetic cardiomyopathy can be detected early, as the novel tissue Doppler is a noninvasive technique for early detection of Diabetic cardiomyopathy.


Two case studies of successful technological collaborations from Indian automobile sector, both completed full span of 25 years of cordial and active collaboration, are presented to further strengthen the theory that it takes a sincere approach on the part of both players to take a technological collaboration to its happy ending. It is a purely qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with strategic and high middle level management executives. Strategic management of technology, healthy and trustworthy partnership, strong communication and perseverance of indigenisation agenda formed a strong base for the success of collaboration.


The paper investigates failure localization in all-optical mesh networks using monitoring trails (m-trails) and monitoring trees (m-trees). By considering shared risk link groups (SRLGs) of different scenarios, integer linear programs (ILP) for m-trail/m-tree allocation are provided that can achieve unambiguous failure localization (UFL) of any single SRLG failure.


The general mode of operation within the building and construction sector in the present days are classified as outdated with plenty of room for improvement. Fortunately, this has been picked up by ...


Objective To acquire the difference of the detecting four items(HBsAg,anti-HCV,anfi-HIV,anti-syphilis)in blood with ELISA by full-automation and handwork assay.Methods The comparisons of precision,sensitivity,repeafion,specialty were done with ELISA by full-automation and handwork.Results The precision,sensitivity,repeation,specialty of the full-automation assay were better than handwork assay.Conclusion The full-automation assay crease quality of detecting blood and provided ensure for blood transfusion secufity.


A new wild silkmoth,collected in Yunnan in 2001,was named morphologically as wild oak silkworm(Antheraea pernyi wild).A 658 bp segment of the mitochondrial gene,cytochrome c oxidase I(COI),of this species was sequenced to create a reference sequence for DNA barcoding(GenBank accession number: EU532613),which was used to assess its taxonomy status.A Kimura 2-parameter distance metric was employed for sequence comparisons,and a neighbor-joining tree of distance was introduced.Mean sequence divergence of COI gene between A.pernyi wild and A.pernyi domestic is 1.6%,whereas only 0.3% among 4 varieties of A.pernyi domestic sequenced.The value between A.pernyi wild and A.pernyi domestic is less than that between A.pernyi domestic and A.rolyii(2.8%),but similar to that between Bombyx mori and its ancestor B.mandarina China(1.5%).Cluster analysis showed that A.pernyi wild and A.pernyi domestic are closely related.We suggest that A.pernyi wild collected in Yunnan could be considered as a new subspecies of Antheraea pernyi.


The most developed and the latest-to-mature mental skills represented in the creation of mono- versus polysemantic contexts are related respectively to the left and right frontal lobe. A polysemantic way of thinking is responsible for the subject's successful integration in the polydimensional world. The functional insufficiency of this right-hemispheric way of thinking displays a predisposition toward the development of mental disorders, including schizophrenia.


A novel rectifier with a considerably extended operating input power range is presented for wireless power transmission applications. The rectifier utilises a depletion-mode to enhance the diode's breakdown voltage while its built-in voltage is preserved. As a result, in comparison with traditional rectifiers, this proposed rectifier can achieve a high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency in a much wider input power range. Measurement results show that a conversion efficiency of more than 50% can be obtained over the input power range from − 13.5 to 16.7 dBm, proving that this rectifier is suitable for the wireless power transmission applications with varying input power levels.


Two species belonging to two different genera within the family Spionidae and not previously found in Icelandic waters are reported. These species are Prionospio dubia Maciolek, 1985 and Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981. Distribution maps are presented and discussed. Taxonomic problems of P. cirrifera Wirén, 1883 are discussed, as are the distributions of P. steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 and A. banyulensis (Laubier, 1966).


In this paper we develop Active SLAM-based on-line planning systems for mobile robot olfaction. This On-line planning system enables mobile robot olfaction to perform mapping tasks autonomously when a disaster occurs involving Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear (CBRN) materials. In this work the robot will be tasked with mapping gas distribution in contaminated unknown outdoor environments. Global and local planning is a major part of the on-line planning system. Global planning serves to provide global path planning and predict the best location to take measurements. The combination of frontier based exploration and Closest Location-Information Gain (CL-IG) methods is used to build global planning. Local planning controls robot navigation to avoid obstacles and evaluate every robot action when performing area coverage and gas distribution mapping. Local planning was developed using sensor path planning based on Bayesian Adaptive Exploration (BAE) and Vector Field Histograms (VFH) methods for obstacle avoidance. Online planning performance testing for robot navigation when exploring and mapping has been simulated using ROS, Gazebo and Rviz.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of injection of triamcinolone acetoide acetate for the treatment of tendovaginitis by ultrasound guidance.Methods:Twelve cases(18 toes tendinous sheath) of different positions included single 9 cases and multiple 3 cases,acute 7 cases and chronic 5 cases.All cases were injected triamcinolone acetoide acetate and lidocaine in tendinous sheath by ultrasound guidance.Results:All patients were followed up over the period of one months,the once cure rate was 95%,cure rate was 100%,invalid rate was 0%.Concluision:Percutaneous injection of medicine is an effective and safe method on tendovaginitis by ultrasound guide,which is much better than conventional sealed treatment.


In this study, a multiple fans system with a piezoelectric actuator (MFPA) was integrated with a vapor chamber. The integrated system was embedded in a micro-computer for its thermal management. The MFPA utilized magnetic repulsive force to transfer power from the piezoelectric actuator to the adjacent passive fans. Models with different fan length, fan pitch and the number of the fans were developed. The thermal performance, vibrational amplitude, and power consumption of different models were investigated. The experiment results showed that the thermal resistance of all the models decreased when the input power increased. Besides, the model with shorter carbon fiber plate length, larger fan pitch and larger fan number had the lower thermal resistance. The model with five fans, 11 mm fan pitch, 40 mm carbon fiber plate and 10 mm Mylar plate had the lowest thermal resistance at 3.14 °C/W under the 12 W input power, while the thermal resistance of natural convection was 4.88 °C/W. The power consumption of the model was merely 0.05 W.


Recent tendencies toward the reduction of diplomatic privileges and immunities have been justified by the decreasing importance of the causes which have contributed to their establishment in their present exaggerated extent. The traditional distrust of diplomatic missions as instruments of espionage and intrigue has all but vanished, and has been supplanted by an appreciation of their functions as agencies for facilitating the pacific intercourse of states. The scrupulousness with which the diplomatic character is now respected and the growing security of the legal order in most states make possible a reduction of diplomatic prerogatives without jeopardizing the successful and independent fulfillment of the mission which it is their purpose to secure. The widest pretensions to exemption from the authority of the receiving state were advanced at precisely those times in which diplomats were in practice subjected to the greatest amount of interference and control. Doctrines of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, inspired by a reaction against contemporary conditions, have been incorporated into the customary law, which has lost its raison d'Ure to the extent that the historical factors which influenced its growth are no longer operative. The need of the envoy for independence exists today no less than formerly, but it no longer requires, as a condition of its guarantee, that complete immunity from the law and jurisdiction of the receiving state which has found a figurative expression in the fiction of exterritoriality. As a subject involving few of the political factors which have thus far proved to be insurmountable obstacles in the way of codification, the law of diplomatic privileges and immunities is eminently suited for restatement and amendment in the form of a general convention. Such a restatement, if it is not to be retrogressive, must be based upon the conception that the receiving state has rights, and the sending state duties, which are correlative to the obligations of the state of residence and the rights of the appointing state, alone emphasized in the existing law.


A plurality of new crystal forms I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII and XIV of 6-Acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one, as well as a preparation method and medicinal use therefor are disclosed in the present invention. Crystal form VIII is a semi-hydrate crystal form. Compared to crystal forms of the prior art, these new crystal forms are markedly superior in respect of dissolution, stability, and the preparation process.


This paper aims to identify the main obstacles to the application of electronic administration, ways and mechanisms to overcome the obstacles from the point of view of administrative and academic staff. The researcher used the descriptive (procedural) approach and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting information. The study community is composed of administrative and academic staff working at the University of Aden. The paper reached many results, the most important of which are the following. There is an agreement among the sample of the study on the obstacles to the application of electronic administration in the Yemeni universities (Aden University as a model). The most prominent of these constraints are inadequate funding and lack of financial incentives for workers in the field of electronic management, adherence to the centralization of the university administration and administrative burdens of some administrative leader. The members of the sample of the study agreed on some certain ways and mechanisms to overcome obstacles to the application of electronic administration at the University of Aden, and the most prominent of these mechanisms: Providing means of funding to activate electronic management, Training the administrative staff to deal with the applications of electronic management efficiently. Providing material incentives for employees in the field of electronic management and recruitment of specialists in the operation and maintenance of electronic management techniques, and in light of the results reached, the researcher recommends some procedures to overcome these obstacles. The results showed that the lack of financial incentives for employees in the field of electronic administration hindered the application of management away from centralization in the university administration and to delegate a part of the powers (responsibilities) to the employees.


During the past few years, global climate change has rapidly been transformed from an esoteric topic of interest mainly to scientists to one of worldwide concern to policymakers, the business communities, the media, and the general public. In response to this heightened interest, a number of high-level international meetings dealing with this issue have been held in the past two years. With growing recognition that the global climate change phenomenon would result in different regional (and local) effects, a workshop was organized by Argonne National Laboratory and the East-West Center to assess the likely consequences of this threat and the possible remediation options available to the countries of the Pacific Asia. This paper summarizes the deliberations and conclusion of the workshop, which was held at the East-West center in Honolulu, Hawaii, from June 21--27, 1989. 35 refs., 4 figs.


This paper proves two properties of maximal network flows: 1 If there exist a maximal network flow with a given departure pattern at the sources and a maximal flow with a given arrival pattern at the sinks, then there exists a flow that has both this departure pattern at the sources and this arrival pattern at the sinks. 2 There exists a maximal dynamic network flow that simultaneously has a latest earliest departure schedule at the sources and an earliest latest arrival schedule at the sinks. The paper modifies Ford and Fulkerson's maximal dynamic flow algorithm to construct a maximal dynamic network flow with a latest departure schedule and an earliest arrival schedule.


Introduction During the identification of the unknown materials which were collected in 2010 in Mashhad herbarium, a new record to Iran namely Calligonum eriopodum Bunge came to the light. This new record taxonomically is isolated among the known species of Iran. The fruits of this species sparsely covered with long bristles, these are three times dichotomously branched. In addition, the achenes surface is densely covered with short imbricate scales. These features separate this species from all existing taxa of Iran. Calligonum eriopodum has been planted in Mashhad Botanic Garden since three years ago. Herbarium materials are preserved in TARI and the Herbarium of Mashhad.


Bioethanol is the main form of liquid fuel made by biomass,materials rich in cellulose can be degraded and fermented to ethanol in theory.In this paper,with the usual Bermuda grass as objective and dilute sulfuric acid as a reagent,the conditions of cellulose degradation was analyzed.The results show that under conditions of 1.5% dilute sulfuric acid,1:10 ratio of solid to liquid,120 ℃ of temperature and 100 min in time,the reducing sugar could reach a yield rate of 14.05%.


The paper analyses the importance and urgency of strengthening the popularization of agricultural sciences in the countryside at present, and puts forward some countermeasures for the innovation of agricultural sciences popularization such as changing idea, seeking truth from facts, laying stress on the key points, deepening reform, adding input and so on. 


to say when asked about his high school English courses: "I never read a book on my own until a few years ago. ... But I loved librarians .... They almost succeeded in erasing the conviction that all of literature must be exactly like the boring, irrelevant, archaic, deadly, toocomplicated classics the school system tried to cram down my throat. Librarians were always beautiful to me . . . They always seemed to understand when they caught me checking a shot of Venus de Milo in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. ... They saved me from hating books." This almost-hater-of-books and nonreader is Paul Zindel, the author of Pigman and The Effect of Gamma Rays on the Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds. He has won the Pulitzer Prize, the New York Drama Critics Award, and the Obie Award.


The passive is used extensively in research article abstracts. It is often agreed that the passive helps focusing on the actual content of the article rather than on its author(s). The abundance of passive sentences is often frowned upon and regarded as unnecessarily burdening scientific discourse. The aim of this paper is to go beyond this assumption and to show that the use of the passive serves a clear purpose: underlining argumentation and therefore strengthening text cohesion. A study of passive sentences in 83 research article abstracts from IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Feroelectrivity and Frequency Control (UFFC) is conducted. Passive sentences are extracted and classified. The first criterion for classification is the part of the abstract the sentence belongs to (IMRaD). A study of verbs, their semantics and informative content is then carried out. Subsequently, the grammatical subjects of passive sentences are examined. The appearance of technical terms from the domain of electrical engineering and their prospective or retrospective orientation receive particular attention. An attempt is made at characterising subject noun groups. The corpus-based approach helps underlining the blandness of verb semantics as opposed to the richness of subject noun groups in sentences that often appear unbalanced. It is thereby established that the use of the passive in the 83 abstracts studied only partially matches the description of the passive based on general English. Indeed, in the abstracts that make up the corpus, passives do not seem to either characterise the grammatical subject of the sentence or put any particular stress on the result of the process as referred to by the verb. It is suggested that, by receiving so much emphasis, the subject noun group becomes the centre of predication for the sentence. The "castaway" verb group only carries little information and can sometimes even take on a purely metalinguistic role. This topicalisation process is seen as particularly efficient in helping authors structure their abstracts and therefore helps strengthen text cohesion. Technical terminology seems to benefit greatly from this use of the passive. Terms appear in a cotext helping to situate them in the author's conceptual framework thus contributing to a better understanding of the specialised field. Both the corpus approach and the results yielded could be seen as valuable contributions to terminology processing and TEFL.


the Iron Age and a renewed increase in the early Roman period. Settlement patterns change accordingly, beginning with loosely dispersed farmsteads situated on sandy as well as loamy plateaux. Whilst in the early Iron Age there would have been little unclaimed land, the following centuries see a decrease in the population and a concentration of settlements on better soils. By the Roman period, population growth sets in again. Habitations, however, remain on the loamier soils. The result is a stable and nucleated settlement pattern requiring new and more efficient methods of farming. Environmental change is evidenced by progressive deforestation and soil degradation. At the beginning, soil degradation had been compensated for by moving the farmsteads. During the Urnfield period, the increase of population made it necessary to move into previously uncultivated areas, and in the long run, the sandy soils were turned into wasteland. Celtic fields were laid out as a consequence of an increasing pressure on the land. By the late Iron Age these were replaced by a more intensive and permanent agricultural system with manuring as a key element. The last chapter tries to combine the different threads of investigation into an overall and coherent picture. This is definitely the most speculative part of the book. To summarize a grand narrative, the focus of social identity with regard to land tenure moved from burials at the beginning to settlements at the end. Local identity ceased to be a matter of burial communities around 500 BC; at this point settlements became the focus of the socio-cosmological order. In the last two centuries, families and their households increasingly turned out to be the heart of social interaction, of collective identity and memory. This fundamental change is accompanied by the appearance of regional cult places. Other practices of creating identity, such as age groups, clientships, networks of gift exchange and so on, are not taken into consideration, though Gerritsen points out that the prominence of coins and weaponry in the archaeological record of the late Iron Age should not be overlooked. Interestingly enough, according to the written sources, martialism and actual warfare played a fundamental role in society. Gerritsen thinks that these practices were less important with regard to land tenure and therefore the construction of social identities among the local communities. I wonder if this is not a bit too simple. Whilst I have absolutely no doubt that Gerritsen is right in his reconstruction of the societal dynamics of the last 1500 years BC, I equally do not believe that the ancient authors were giving a completely false picture of barbarian society. For the time being, it is not easy to tell why the two pictures are so divergent. Maybe it is a question of changing perspectives, which brings certain aspects into the light while leaving others in the dark. Whatever the answer to that problem, Gerritsen has opened up a whole range of fundamental insights into the cultural and historical dynamics of the late Bronze and Iron Age Netherlands, and he has done so in a brilliant and intellectually striking way. Gerritsen's convincing ideas may be the outcome of a new theoretical approach, but above all are an expression of good thinking. Go, get and read this marvellous book.


To evaluate pension reforms in public services, we put forward a simple criterion, the actuarial cost of a worker, per year of service. This measure of cost is the expected, discounted sum of net real wages and pension benefits, earned by a worker over his entire life cycle, divided by the number of years of service. We show the possibility of reforms such that (i), the actuarial cost of a worker per year of service is reduced, (ii) the utility of workers does not decrease and (iii) the pension fund deficits do not increase. Workers can willingly postpone retirement in exchange for increased final salaries and pensions. Present and future public subsidies may at the same time be reduced. We propose a quantitative analysis of the 2008 reform of the Paris Metro pensions. Focusing on the case of train drivers, we show that the reform should save public funds, but only in the long run. During a long transition period, the reform is likely to end up with larger State subsidies to the pension scheme. The reform can be interpreted as a deal between public authorities and insiders at the expense of recent recruits. A reform preserving the public budget from an outright increase in social costs could have been both technically feasible and politically acceptable.


233 Hepatic mTORC2 synchronizes glucose and fatty acid metabolism to sustain cellular energy status. S. I. Arriola Apelo*1,5, X. Guo2,6, A. Lin1,5, E. J. Meyer1,5, N. E. Cummings3,5, C. P. Pumper1,5, D. J. Pagliarini4,6, and D. W. Lamming1,5, 1Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 2Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 3Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 5William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 6Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI.


Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) is one of the most important green manure crops in temperate zone countries. To identify the genes involved in plant growth, a cDNA library was constructed from the mature leaves of Chinese milk vetch, and expressed sequence tag analysis was performed. Sequencing of the cDNA clones generated 1,027 high-quality expressed sequence tags clustered total 693 unigenes which included 110 Contigs and 583 Singlets. A total of 198 unigenes were most similar to Medicago truncatula genes. Genes related to photosynthesis were highly expressed in our library. The most abundant gene which had 42 clones was annotated as Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain with the function of carbon utilization by fixation of carbon dioxide. The results suggested that this high-quality library could be a good resource for understanding molecular events of Chinese milk vetch leaf growth, and the full-length clones could be used for crop improvement studies in the future.


An energy parameter based on the concept of the \iM integral is proposed for describing the fracture behavior of a two-dimensional multidefect rubbery mechanical system under the action of large deformation. To this end, we first define a problem-invariant parameter \IM\dc\N by suitably choosing a closed contour and taking the integration with respect to the geometric center of all the enclosed defects. Attention is then addressed to discussion of the physical meaning of \IM\dc\N, which is shown to be related to the surface energy corresponding to formation of the defects. Also, the integration appears to be path independent so that the complicated singular stress field in the near-tip areas need not be involved in the calculation. Based on the above characteristics, it is suggested that \IM\dc\N may be possibly used as a fracture parameter for describing the degradation of material and/or structural integrity caused by irreversible evolution of defects in rubbery media.


Airborne collision detection is a difficult problem due to inherent noise, errors in prediction, and challenges associated with modeling the dynamics of the intruder aircraft. Moreover, onboard limited computational resources, fast closing speeds, and unanticipated maneuvers make it challenging to detect collision without creating too many false alarms. In this paper, an innovative approach is presented to quantify likely intruder trajectories and estimate the probability of collision risk for a pair of aircraft flying at the same altitude and in close proximity given the state estimates provided by an airborne radar sensor. The proposed approach is formulated in a probabilistic framework using the reachable set concept and the statistical data contained in the uncorrelated encounter model developed by Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Monte-Carlo-based simulation is used to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed approach with linearly extrapolated collision-detectio...