Simple Summary Ileus, or a temporary lack of intestinal motility, is a common life-threatening problem in horses, especially following abdominal surgery. Current treatments have variable efficacy and a high cost. In human patients suffering from ileus, sham feeding in the form of gum chewing has shown promising results in improving clinical signs and increasing gastrointestinal motility. Bit chewing, a form of sham feeding for horses, has also been proven to decrease gastrointestinal (GI) total transit time (TTT); however, ileus in horses typically affects the small intestine, a part of the GI tract that has not been investigated in regard to bit chewing. Our objective was to determine whether bit chewing shortens the gastric emptying time (GET), small intestinal transit time (SITT), and total orocecal transit time (OCTT) in clinically normal horses. Gastrointestinal motility in horses was compared between bit-chewing conditions and control (no bit chewing) conditions in a prospective crossover design study using acetaminophen serum samples as a marker for GET and video endoscopy (ALICAM) capsules to determine GET, SITT, and OCTT. The results indicate no adverse effects and significantly shortened OCTT after bit chewing. Bit chewing is potentially a safe, inexpensive, and effective clinical treatment to improve small intestinal motility in horses. Abstract Ileus is a common life-threatening problem in horses, and currently available treatments may be ineffective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bit chewing, a form of sham feeding, decreases the gastric emptying time (GET), small intestinal transit time (SITT), and total orocecal transit time (OCTT) in clinically normal horses in a prospective crossover study. Nine healthy horses were acclimated and fed a standardized diet. Following 24 h of fasting, self-contained video endoscopy capsules and acetaminophen were administered into the stomach via a nasogastric tube. Each horse underwent experimental (bit chewing for 20 min every 6 h) or control (no bit chewing) conditions, with a 3-week minimum washout period between conditions. The horses were enrolled in either part of the study until all video capsules were retrieved and/or 30 days lapsed. The video capsules were recovered from manure, and GET, SITT, and OCTT were determined from a video analysis. Bit chewing significantly decreased OCTT (p = 0.015) compared to the control conditions. Bit chewing decreased GET and SITT, but the differences were not significant. The mean (median) times determined via the video capsule analysis for the bit-chewing conditions were as follows: GET, 2.34 h (2.86 h); SITT, 3.22 h (3.65 h); and OCTT, 5.13 h (6.15 h), and for the control conditions, they were as follows: GET, 3.93 h (5 h); SITT, 3.79 h (4.4 h); and OCTT, 8.02 h (9.92 h). Bit chewing decreased OCTT in healthy horses. Because this segment of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently affected by ileus, bit chewing may be a safe and inexpensive intervention for that condition in horses. Further investigation in clinical patients with ileus is warranted.


Recently in Poland, there has been a strong emphasis on data harmonisation, which means data coherence, mainly spatial. The reason for this is the INSPIRE Directive [1] approved in 2007 and the Spatial Information Infrastructure Act [2] implemented on the basis of this Directive in Poland in 2010. On this basis, the aim of this study was to make the data from soil-agricultural maps and geological maps coherent, so that no natural conflicts would arise. The study was based on materials concerning soil classification a nd lithology, which are soil-agricultural and geological maps, but also on isohips. The method, which was applied, consisted in combination of attributes of the maps, then natural conflicts were identified, that is lack of smooth transition from soils to lithology - a given soil would not be able to develop on the indicated geological substratum. A significant part of the identified co nflicts req uired editing, however some of them can be treated as exceptions. The reason for such discrepancies is the lack of precise information on the deposited layers at the depth of 1.5 m - 2.0 m, which results from the measurement methods of the analysed maps. The last step was to eliminate these conflicts in order to generate consistent and harmonised data. As a result, a list of attributes of full compatibility was obtained, thanks to them maps of any parameters can be generated, and also a basis for presenting soils in a different systematics.


With the accelerated urbanization process and the improving of peoples living standard, China's building energy consumption shows rigid growth trend. Under the promotion of industrialization, the level of energy efficiency of industrial sector goes up fast, while the energy conservation potential in industrial field declines, building energy efficiency turns out to be the key to accomplish this goal. This paper analyzes in depth building energy consumption data and brings up the methods of creating the building energy consumption and conservation models. Through measurement of building energy consumption in subentry, the data of building materials, construction, equipments and maintenance are collected, and the building management & control methods are investigated as well. Based on the data collected and investigation results, the linear regression model and decision tree model are created. The models can be used to forecast the building energy consumption and analyze the dependency between each statistic. Based on the dependency and the forecast, the energy saving model is created. With the ant colony algorithm being used, the best solution of the lowest energy consumption is found.


Abstract- In the course of the development of Islam since the time of the Prophet Muhammad until now, the strategic position of the mosque is not only as a place of worship but also as the center of Islamic Introduction. As we know that establishing a mosque is a culture that has been rooted in the life of Muslim society. The founding principle of the mosque comes from the teachings contained in the Qur'an and Hadith. However, the two sources did not disclose and include the building and physical codes of the mosque. All of it is left to the people to design their own buildings and physical mosque in accordance with the conditions of the local community. The mosque in Indonesia is developed into two forms, the first being a form influenced by the local culture. The second is a form influenced by middle eastern culture. Then, a mosque with a different shape from the two previously described forms began to appear. One of the mosques is the Jami'e Darussalam, the mosque which became the object of research.The study was conducted based on a preliminary study conducted by studying the theory of space perception put forward by Bert Bielefeld and the theory of space perception in the mosque. From the existing theory can then be formulated an indicator of the perception of space needed in a mosque. Existing indicators are then used to research buildings with a focus on the perception of space. The result of object study analysis then further be processed through the analysis table so that it can be inferred the space forming element that influence the human perception on the mosque.From the research, it is found that the perception of space needed in a mosque is only in the prayer room of Jami'e Darussalam Mosque, but not in other spaces. This is because the character of different space-forming elements in each space.The benefit of this research for the general public is to increase knowledge about the perception of space needed in a mosque and how the perception of space can be realized. Meanwhile, for the architects and mosque institutions, this research can add knowledge about the perception of space in a mosque and how to design the elements of space to be able to realize the perception of space. Key Words: elements of space formation, perception of space, mosque


Revealed Preference (RP) studies based on actual behaviour suffer from a number of statistical problems. Furthermore, RP methods are of little use when the effects of a new or radically altered service need to be considered. As a result, for a case study of demand forecasting for new passenger rail services, a new approach has been developed. It starts by seeking what are called Stated Intentions (SI) responses as to the likely usage of a new rail service. However, due to a combination of systematic biases, these responses may be taken to be gross overestimates. A check on the biases of this SI data may be supplied by a Stated Preference (SP) survey. Respondents are asked to make hypothetical choices which are sufficiently complex for there to be little chance of policy bias. Choices have to contain useful 'boundary values' - the values for which respondents would express indifference between two alternatives. It is, however, crucial to ensure that the SP survey is simple enough for respondents to manage, since excessive error variability in the responses will cause the calibrated coefficients to be re-scaled, presenting problems for forecasting. From the SP surveys, it is estimated that SI data overstates usage of new rail services by around 50%, even if it is assumed that non-respondents to the SI survey are non-users. It is concluded that an SI/SP approach can potentially provide accurate forecasts, although there are a number of practical constraints that may prevent this.(A) For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract no. 843297.


The Survey of National Airspace System Related Support and Data Reduction and Analysis Programs provides a list of IBM 9020 computer programs which were developed to aid in the development, test, maintenance and enhancement of the NAS En Route Air Traffic Control Computer System. The survey provides the reader with a description of all Data Reduction Programs, their input and output, lists of the supporting documentation and the areas of the program's usage. These areas of program usage include: Surveillance System Test, Common Digitizer Testing, NAS System Test, Incident Analysis, System Performance Analysis, and Statistical Counts and Summaries of ARTCC operations. (Author)


It is proposed, modeled and practically implemented an innovative method of searching for victims in the rubble, which is based on the combined use of television and thermal imaging cameras to the construction of a single image.


The "Two-factor Theory" is widely used in human resources management.The teaching management in universities aims to stimulate teachers to the largest extent and make teaching elements atttain the best portfolio or optimal-benefit,which suits most the core value of the "Two-factor Theory".Therefore,we can construct a new scientific,humanistic and efficient teaching management mode by reducing management emphasis,optimizing teaching mode and innovating teacher's evaluation system.


Abstract : The Surveillance Radar Detection (SURDET) model is a user-oriented computer model that produces target detections and position estimates for each radar scan. The model employs a variety of target trajectories and environments including jamming, multipath propagation, and rain and sea clutter. The model is a Monte-Carlo simulation, and the automatic detector is simulated on a pulse-to-pulse basis that takes into account target suppression and resolution effects in a dense target environment. This version documents the inclusion of an M out of N detector, a doppler processor, and monopulse capability of estimating the azimuth and elevation angles of the target. (Author)


Although the English history often come into the view of scholars, the research of its early history focusing on human rights is still rare. The reason why the author chooses such a topic is that he wishes his preliminary research in this field, in spite of it's meagerness, could be the forerunner attracting more scholars for further discussions. In this article, therefore, the author believes that the early course of human rights in England is premature, experiential, stable and gradual, which is quite different from that of other countries. In fact, these characteristics are relevant to the special traditional culture background and geographic environment in England, and it is well testified by the development of the early history in England, no matter by the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, Habeas Corpus Act, or the Bill of Rights.


The extension of the Fresnel integral to tilted objects is studied using both analytical and numerical approaches. Exact solutions of the parabolic wave equation are used for this purpose. The wavefields produced by a beam propagating at an arbitrary angle θ≠π/2 relative to the object surface are investigated. The diffraction patterns are simulated for 1° ≤ θ ≤ 10°. It is shown that the inverse problem for tilted objects can be reduced to a Fredholm-type integral equation. Both 2D and 3D geometries are considered. The results may be useful as a theoretical framework for the development of coherent reflection imaging of tilted objects and x-ray imaging of submicron footprints of relativistic electron beams for measurement of their size and shape.


Not unlike the global dynamics and the developments in the rest of Central Eurasia, Islamic discourse in Azerbaijan over the past two decades has not reflected the micro-level shifts in the country's social-cultural landscape. Rather, it has been formed and evolved as a collateral product of the elite's tactical pursuit of legitimation across domestic and international planes of power. Grounded in its quest for tactical and strategic survival, the elite's pursuit of Western (and broader international) recognition, in particular, has stood at the core of the elite's policies toward Islam and molded the confines of state-promoted Islamic discourse. The regime's overall strategy has been to continuously reinforce the representation of Islam as an imminent danger to the stability and secular nature of Azerbaijani statehood, while positioning itself—in the eyes of both the "liberal," "democratic" West and the secularized population at home—as the sole force capable of staving off the Islamic threat. At that, the narrative of Islamic radicalism in Azerbaijan has centered around three principal dynamics: the regime's anti-hijab policies, the regime's policies toward the settlement of Nardaran in Baku's suburbs, and the activities of the Islamic Party of Azerbaijan (IPA). This article provides a closer look at all three to expose the elite's intention of using these as their primary trigger mechanisms and reference points in the quest for Western—and secular domestic—legitimation and, as such, the pursuit of the negative representation of Islam as a threat to secularity and modern statehood.


The purpose of the research is to specify effective approaches for improving the semantic analysis of graphic contents of big data. This article considers images or video scenes as examples of such complex contents. Proposed approach takes into account the special features of these contents and create a hybrid annotation model that extends the text annotation model with more specific elements. For the visual data, these are characteristics of visualization. Determining the similarity of information contents is a critical problem for solving big data tasks. It is the basis for the big data categorization and enables the composition of the documents, conversion of an unstructured contents to relevant knowledge structures and the visualization of the information. Semantic analysis of information contents is usually based on their metadata, which form the basis of semantic annotations. Also, they are elements of a structured semantic description of the content and the basis for its automated processing. The approach is based on using ontologies to define semantic annotations. Ontologies provide various sources of knowledge to measure semantic similarity, contain a lot of information about the interpretation of concepts and other semantic relationships with a hierarchical structure based on hyponymy relations. But, in recent years, there is the rapid growth of the number of images and video resources. And, at this time, we can note a significant enrichment of available visual information. From a visual point of view, it is easier to understand whether two concepts are similar. Therefore, the integration of semantic and visual information of the image ensures the optimization of the ontological methods for similarity estimation and allows to obtain similarity metrics that are more consistent with human perception. De facto, such assessments of the complex semantic similarity of concepts are defined by the composition of two functions, the first of which, in fact, is an ontological measure of similarity, and the second is built on the basis of a complex facilities vector. It is a concatenation of semantic and visual characteristics with an established weight balance between these two types of features. The combination of visualization features with semantic and ontological characteristics of the contents in the similarity metrics is the central idea of this study.


This dissertation examines the interaction between leisured movement and space in Rome from 100 BC – AD 150, primarily drawing upon archaeological evidence from Rome, central Italy and the Bay of Naples. This thesis argues that leisured movement was significant and that an examination of the relationship between leisured movement and space provides new insights into Roman architecture, gardens, attitudes to design and space.
Chapter one reviews the theoretical models associated with the study of movement and space in various disciplines and utilitizes these approaches to formulate the theoretical basis for this thesis. Previous scholarship on movement and space in the Roman world is also reviewed to demonstrate the need for further study. Chapter two focuses on ancient literature and epigraphy to examine leisured movement in ancient Rome and the spaces identified as locations for leisured movement. In chapter three the Severan marble plan and the archaeological evidence for the monumental porticos and temple-porticos in Rome, the public and urban context for leisured walking, are analyzed. An examination of the relationship between leisured movement and space in high-status Roman villas and residences is undertaken in chapter four. Walking, driving, riding and boating and their spatial context played an important role in these high-status residences. Finally, chapter five examines the relationship between leisured movement and space in Pompeian houses, in order to understand how leisured movement functioned in such houses and to demonstrate that leisured movement also had a role in the lives of those below the top of Roman society.
This thesis demonstrates that movement was a prominent leisure activity and that it was a complex way through which the Romans negotiated Greek culture. It also establishes that Rome's public porticos and portico-temples, which housed leisured movement, were original contributions to the architectural canon. Movement and space were interconnected phenomena that interacted upon each other; the design of private and public gardens and porticos often created an ordered approach to movement and space. In sum, leisured movement is a productive lens through which we can study Rome, her cultural and leisure activities, approach to design and conception of space.


EXIST (Hard X-ray Imaging Survey Mission) is a proposed space borne observatory that combines a wide-field-of-view X-ray telescope (5-600 keV) with a pointed optical/infrared telescope, and possibly with a soft X-ray telescope contributed by Italian collaborators. The primary science drivers of EXIST are the study of the high-redshift Universe and the epoch of re-ionization through the detection and follow-up observations of high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) at z ~ 10, the study of supermassive black holes in galaxies (including heavily obscured and dormant black holes), and the study of stellar mass and intermediate mass black hole populations in the Milky Way galaxy and in the Local Group. In this contribution, we discuss the polarimetric capabilities of the EXIST hard X-ray telescope. Based on a pointed 5day observation (or based on 4 months all-sky survey observations), EXIST can detect the hard X-ray polarization of 100 mCrab sources for polarization degrees down to 6%. The wide field of view of EXIST will make it possible to measure the polarization of transient events like GRBs and flaring galactic and extragalactic sources. We discuss the scientific potential of the hard Xray polarimetric measurements. The EXIST observations would allow us to (i) obtain qualitatively new constraints on the locale of particle acceleration in the vicinity of compact objects, (ii) gain key-insights into the structure of jets from GRBs and Active Galactic Nuclei, (iii) test high-order QED predictions in the extreme magnetic fields of neutron stars, and (iv) to search for quantum gravity signatures (the helicity-dependence of the speed of light) with unprecedented sensitivity. Polarimetry days in Rome: Crab status, theory and prospects, Rome, Italy, 16-17 October 2008. 1 Speaker, email: firstname.lastname@example.com P o S ( C R A B 2 0 0 8 ) 0 2 6 X-Ray Polarimetry with EXIST Krawczynski et al.


The goal of this study was to achieve high temporal resolution, multi‐time point pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI in a time‐efficient manner, while maintaining whole‐brain coverage.


In this paper we propose a new lifetime model for multivariate survival data in presence of surviving fractions and examine some of its properties. Its genesis is based on situations in which there are m types of unobservable competing causes, where each cause is related to a time of occurrence of an event of interest. Our model is a multivariate extension of the univariate survival cure rate model proposed by Rodrigues et al. [37]. The inferential approach exploits the maximum likelihood tools. We perform a simulation study in order to verify the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimators. The simulation study also focus on size and power of the likelihood ratio test. The methodology is illustrated on a real data set on customer churn data.


The study focus on CO2 adsorption using activated carbon and zeolite for the purification of the produced biogas and developed kinetic study for the AC and zeolite CBV 8014 adsorption. Furthermore, model equations were developed for the upgraded biogas purity as a function of adsorption time and adsorbent dosage to predict biogas purity. The adsorbents and kinetic study was evaluated using a cylindrical glass column. The biogas produced from chicken droppings and cow dung were characterized and found to contains CH4 gas (53.26%), CO2 (33.44%) and other gases in small quantity. The highest purity of 84.34% and 91.01% was obtained for AC and zeolite CBV 8014 respectively at 20 min adsorption time and the model equations developed well represent the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was evaluated using a cylindrical glass column and was found to be in the order of zeolite CBV 8014 (91.01%) ˃ AC (84.34%) at 0 − 20 min adsorption time with adsorption increasing over time. The kinetic study of the biogas purification shows that the CO2 adsorption onto AC and zeolite CBV 8014 obeys the pseudo-second-order model, due to its regression coefficient (R2) value closer to unity. The equilibrium and kinetic study of CO2 adsorption onto AC and zeolite CBV 8014 shows that the magnitude of activation energy for both adsorbent are lesser than 40 kJ/mol, indicating the occurrence of physisorption mechanism. The intra-particle diffusion model also indicates that intra-particle diffusion is not the sole rate-limiting step in the adsorption process for both adsorbent (AC and zeolite CBV 804). The zeolite CBV 8014 has higher CO2 adsorption capacity than AC.


Entity alignment aims to match synonymous entities across different knowledge graphs, which is a fundamental task for knowledge integration. Recently, researchers have devoted to leveraging rich information within relations to enhance entity alignment. They explicitly incorporate relations in entity representation and alignment, demonstrating remarkable results. However, affected by the semantic assumptions from early works, these works represent a relation by combining all the entities it connects, ignoring the semantic independence between entity and relation. Moreover, since these works perform alignment by comparing embedding similarity, they fail to consider a graph level alignment and tend to find local false correspondences. In this paper, we propose Entity and Relation Matching Consensus (ERMC), a two-stage matching schema based on graph matching consensus that jointly models and aligns entities and relations and retains their semantic independence at the same time. In the first stage, we design a bidirectional relation-aware graph convolutional network to jointly learn entity and relation embeddings based on the triadic graph by a novel message passing mechanism. Then, we jointly align the entities and relations by computing a graph-level matching consensus. In the second stage, we introduce a refinement strategy to detect and correct false alignments in the first stage. Experimental results on three real-world multilingual datasets demonstrate that ERMC outperforms some state-of-the-art models on both entity alignment and relation alignment tasks.


This paper aims to identify the reasons can help us to explain how a modest local bank, founded by a group of merchants that carried out their activity in the port of Santander in the central years of the 19th century, was able to sustain over time until joining the select club of the "big seven" of Spanish banking. It is concluded that three distinctive features should take into account in order to explain its longevity and prolonged accommodation to the local sphere throughout this long period: the strong family ties and instrumental friendship between its managers, the design of a financial policy with marked risk aversion and a protectionist attitude, against all competition. These distinctive features began to emerge in its very origins as an issuing bank.


Austroads sponsored a technical research project 'Managing the Impacts of Rising Watertables and Salinity on Pavement Performance'. The overall desirable deliverables were tools to assist road authorities to identify those sections of road that are at risk of damage due to rising watertables and associated salinity issues and guidelines for solutions (design and treatments) that could be used to address the problem. This final project report describes the work conducted under this project, including a review of earlier work, the work conducted in 2005/2006, a field trial conducted at Forbes, NSW, in 2006/2007, associated field and laboratory work, the conduct and results of a geochemical analysis of the pavement materials and subsequent analysis. Recommendations for further work as a result of this project are also included. (a)


Nitroolefins are versatile synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis because of excellent ability for carbon-carbon bond formation and easy transformation to a variety of functional groups. In the reaction of enolates with chiral nitroolefins, a chiral hetero substituent is replaced by the carbon substituents via addition-elimination process. The scope, limitations, and the mechanism for this type of asymmetric induction will be discussed. The resulting chiral nitroolefins have a wide utility as chiral building blocks for the chiral syntheses of the natural products, such as Aspidosperma, Hunteria, and Physostigma alkaloids, tricyclic diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids.


Public domain governmental agreement re-posted as a PDF document as part of an Institutional Repository collection to aggregate Latin American energy policy, regulation and dialogue. Also available freely online at: http://www.sener.gob.mx/portal/Default.aspx?id=1000


This article, derived from a meeting on advances in transplantation but incorporating new data, focuses on the aspect that was discussed in detail by Professor James Shapiro, of the University of Alberta, Canada.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide1 and now affects up to 5% of the population in the UK. Roughly 10% of these patients have type I DM, caused by insulin deficiency secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells. DM is associated with life-threatening metabolic or vascular complications in 30% of patients2. According to data from the UK Renal Registry, 20% of all new patients in the UK under the age of 65 years requiring dialysis treatment have end-stage renal failure secondary to DM. In addition to renal care, patients with diabetes require a diverse range of services including cardiology and cardiac surgery, vascular surgery and ophthalmology.

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)3 showed that tight glycaemic control delays and reduces diabetic complications. However, intensive insulin treatment is poorly tolerated by many patients and will decrease the number of patients who develop microvascular complications by no more than 30-40%. Further, a small but substantial number of patients have life-threatening hypoglycaemic episodes despite scrupulous attention to their insulin regimens. Therefore, to improve diabetic care, the need is for treatments that achieve metabolic stability and prevent microvascular complications. Reports from Professor Shapiro's team describe major improvements in the early clinical outcome of patients with type I DM treated with human islet cell transplantation by newly developed protocols. Here we discuss the key areas they report that contribute to improvements in the outcome of islet cell transplantation, particularly the use of novel immuno-suppressive strategies.


In this paper, we study three
inverse nodal problems for the Sturm-Liouville operator with different nonlocal
integral conditions. We get the conclusion that the potential function can be
determined by a dense nodal subset uniquely. And we present some constructive
procedures to solve the inverse nodal problems.


Hospital nurses closely monitor patients to track their evolution and identify their needs. Based on a workplace study conducted in a hospital, we present the design of a mobile activity monitor aimed at creating a wearable ambient connection between patients and nurses. The system monitors patientspsila behavioral patterns and notifies nurses of relevant patient states through a bracelet wore by nurses. This bracelet works in pair with a cell phone to show information related to the activity being executed by patients. The results of a preliminary evaluation showed that nurses perceived the application to be useful and efficient and, the general idea seemed appealing.


Genetic variability for different yield contributing characters and important quality characters were studied in 25 genotypes of lettuce during winter, 2006 and summer, 2007. The study indicated existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the characters studied except days to first picking and duration of picking. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, average leaf weight and potassium in both the season exhibited moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation. High estimates of heritability (bs) and genetic advance was observed for carotenoids, calcium, vitamin C, leaf yield per plant and number of leaves per plant. High to moderate estimates of heritability (bs), genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance was observed for carotenoids, leaf yield per plant, leaf area and vitamin C. These characters are therefore worth consideration in the improvement of this crop.


In South Korea, we are aiming for net zero energy use apartment home structures. Since the apartment structure in South Korea is generally a high-rise of 10 or more floors, the types of renewable energy applicable are limited to photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar collectors installed on the wall, or a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) hybrid panel combining both. In this study, the effect of PV, ST (Solar Thermal), and PVT systems on greenhouse gas reduction was analyzed using TRNSYS18. All three systems showed maximum CO2 reductions at 35° facing south. PV, ST, and PVT showed CO2 reductions of 67.4, 114.6, and 144.7 kg_CO2/m2·year, respectively. Compared to those values, when installed on a wall (slope of 90°), CO2 reduction is about 35–40% less and about 20% less at a slope of 75°. ST and PVT installed on the vertical wall have a greater greenhouse gas reduction effect than the PV installed at the optimal slope of 35°. Since the CO2 reduction difference among SW, SE, and azimuthal S is within 10%, ST and PVT are recommended for installation on high-rise apartment structure walls or balconies with the azimuthal angle of ± 45° with respect to south.


The paper introduces the application of the Leica TC1610 full station instrument in the fiedwork measuring and office work processing of data.


Engineered Earth Armouring SolutionsTM (EEAS) are environmentally friendly and economical erosion control and surficial slope stability solutions designed to provide significant hydraulic performance improvements over rock riprap. An EEAS consists of a High Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM) in combination with Engineered Earth AnchorsTM, and is designed to meet a project's hydraulic, geotechnical, design life, environmental and economic needs.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biologically active supplements containing probiotics. The biologically active supplement for animals contains at least one probiotic and animal hydrolysate, dry brewing yeast, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc proteinate, manganese proteinate, ferric sulphate, cuprum proteinate, calcinol and sodium selenite. One proposes a fodder composition containing the biologically active supplement and one or several ingredients acceptable for animal feeding. One proposes a set containing the biologically active supplement, one or several ingredients acceptable for animal feeding, in case of necessity -one or several probiotics, one or several remedies against diarrhea as well as an instruction on blending and application of the biologically active supplement and the other components of the set. One proposes the biologically active supplement production method, a method for administration of probiotics to animals and a method for stimulation of animal health condition, in particular, stimulation of health condition of the digestive tract or animal well-doing. EFFECT: invention allows to produce a biologically active supplement promoting the immune system strengthening, reinforcing beneficial effect of probiotics and extending the period of probiotics viability. 24 cl, 5 tbl, 4 ex


Tissue decellularization produces a three‐dimensional scaffold that can be used to fabricate functional liver grafts following recellularization. Inappropriate cell distribution and clotting during blood perfusion hinder the practical use of recellularized livers. Here we aimed to establish a seeding method for the optimal distribution of parenchymal and endothelial cells, and to evaluate the effect of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in the decellularized liver. Primary rat hepatocytes and LSECs were seeded into decellularized whole‐liver scaffolds via the biliary duct and portal vein, respectively. Biliary duct seeding provided appropriate hepatocyte distribution into the parenchymal space, and portal vein–seeded LSECs simultaneously lined the portal lumen, thereby maintaining function and morphology. Hepatocytes co‐seeded with LSECs retained their function compared with those seeded alone. Platelet deposition was significantly decreased and hepatocyte viability was maintained in the co‐seeded group after extracorporeal blood perfusion. In conclusion, our seeding method provided optimal cell distribution into the parenchyma and vasculature according to the three‐dimensional structure of the decellularized liver. LSECs maintained hepatic function, and supported hepatocyte viability under blood perfusion in the engineered liver graft owing to their antithrombogenicity. This recellularization procedure could help produce practical liver grafts with blood perfusion.


In this paper, vibration analysis of tapered magnetostrictive plate (MsP) is studied for the first time. Magnetostrictive material (MsM) is a component of smart material due to magneto–mechanical coupling in stress–strain relations or its reciprocal nature. A feedback control system is utilized in order to investigate the magnetic field intensity using velocity feedback gain parameter. The thickness of rectangular MsP varies linearly in both x- and y-directions. First order shear deformation theory (FSDT) with considering shear correction factor is used to derive the governing equations of tapered MsP including five equations and five unknowns that solved by differential quadrature method (DQM). Results indicate the effect of various parameters such as aspect ratio, thickness ratio, x- and y-taper ratios and the controller effect of velocity feedback gain on the frequency of MsP. The results are also compared by those available in the literature. These findings can be used to vibration cancellation systems and utilized for designing the magnetostrictive actuator, motor, transducer and sensors.


White light generation using InGaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with two different Quantum well  active region layers  that emit in two wavelength  with fixed proportionality and double anodes common cathode have been numerically investigated using the SILVACO TCAD simulation software. It is found that the proposed structure shows higher light output power, lower current leakage, and smaller efficiency droop. Based on numerical simulation and analysis, these improvements of the electrical and optical characteristics are mainly attributed to the homogenous carrier distribution  in the active regions  of the two quantum wells (QWs) , in the other hand because each QW active region has its own p-AlInN electron blocking layer EBL the electron overflow in the p-type region  is greatly reduced in both active regions .


High-speed optical switches are essential devices to construct next generation optical networks. We have studied on 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer-type optical switches and demonstrated low-polarization-dependent switching operation with crosstalks of less than −20 dB and injection currents of about 5 mA, and response times of about 3 nanoseconds. In this work, our conventional 2 × 2 switch was extended to a 4 × 4 optical switch fabric by cascading approach. As a result, fundamental switching operation was confirmed with low power and low-polarization dependence.


The paper introduces VSAT technique in satellite communication. VSAT uses thenew techniques of LSI circuit, digital signal processing and microprocessor, etc. It has the features oflow cost, small size, intelligency, high channel utilization, etc. At present, the VSAT technique isadvancing to the fourth generation, the new techniques contain on-satellite base-band processingtechnique, system microminiaturization technique and multi-access mode, etc.


The method for defining the ARO value in the TDD, apparatus, and computer program product are provided. One is the method includes the step of defining an acknowledgment (Ack) / negative acknowledgment (Nack) resources offset (ARO) value in the time division duplex (TDD) with the values and the value of the second set of the first set. The value of the first set includes a negative value and the HARQ-ACK (hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgment) have different downlink offset the HARQ-ACK resources determined to be transmitted on the PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) resource corresponding to the sub-frame used to the value of the second set comprises a value between -2 and 2.


The air transportation network, one of the common multilayer complex systems, is composed of a collection of individual airlines, and each airline corresponds to a different layer. An important question is then how many airlines are really necessary to represent the optimal structure of a multilayer air transportation system. Here we take the Chinese air transportation network (CATN) as an example to explore the nature of multiplex systems through the procedure of network aggregation. Specifically, we propose a series of structural measures to characterize the CATN from the multilayered to the aggregated network level. We show how these measures evolve during the network aggregation process in which layers are gradually merged together and find that there is an evident structural transition that happened in the aggregated network with nine randomly chosen airlines merged, where the network features and construction cost of this network are almost equivalent to those of the present CATN with twenty-two airlines under this condition. These findings could shed some light on network structure optimization and management of the Chinese air transportation system.


This paper describes the Chinle Primary School Dual Language Project in terms of both the activities of the project and the attitudes and aspirations of the bilingual teachers who have restructured the educational setting to meet the needs of students who are speakers of Navajo as their primary language and of students who are speakers of English who are learning Navajo as their heritage language.


The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a QWIP based instrument intended to supplement the Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) [1]. The TIRS instrument is a dual channel far infrared imager with the two bands centered at 10.8μm and 12.0μm. The focal plane assembly (FPA) consists of three 640x512 GaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) arrays precisely mounted to a silicon carrier substrate that is mounted on an invar baseplate. The two spectral bands are defined by bandpass filters mounted in close proximity to the detector surfaces. The focal plane operating temperature is 43K. The QWIP arrays are hybridized to Indigo ISC9803 readout integrated circuits (ROICs). Two varieties of QWIP detector arrays are being developed for this project, a corrugated surface structure QWIP and a grating surface structure QWIP. This paper will describe the TIRS system noise equivalent temperature difference sensitivity as it affects the QWIP focal plane performance requirements: spectral response, dark current, conversion efficiency, read noise, temperature stability, pixel uniformity, optical crosstalk and pixel yield. Additional mechanical constraints as well as qualification through Technology Readiness Level 6 (TRL 6) will also be discussed.


1. The seasonal fluctuations in reducing sugars, sucrose, starch, acid hydrolyzable carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, and the residual polysaccharides are recorded for the raspberry plant. 2. Double rings, one 15 cm. and another 30 cm. above the ground, isolating a 15 cm. segment of stem, were used to check movements of sugars. 3. In normal plants the concentration of total carbohydrates is fairly high in May, drops during June, the period of most active growth, and then increases to a maximum in August. The acid hydrolyzable carbohydrates are the largest fraction of the total carbohydrates. The concentration of reducing sugars is highest in May, drops rapidly in June, and increases slightly in July and August. A low concentration of sucrose is present at all times. Starch is never abundant, and apparently is not an important carbohydrate reserve. 4. In ringed plants the total carbohydrates accumulate above the rings, and decrease below and between them. Sucrose made the largest increase above the ring. Reducing sugars accumulated above the rings, but decreased between and below them. Apparently sucrose tends to move upward as well as downward in the bark. It does not appear to be a product of hydrolysis of hemicellulose in the isolated segment as do reducing sugars. A portion of the reducing sugars is translocatory, moving downward in the bark. 5. All carbohydrate gradients are positive. Sugars move downward with a marked positive gradient. The positive gradients of the acid hydrolyzable substances and of starch are static. These gradients are produced by temporary storage brought about by accumulations within living cells and cells associated with living cells. Ringing decreases the positive gradients of reducing sugars, indicating that some of them are mobile in the bark along a dynamic positive gradient. Much of the reducing sugars may be a temporary storage form and not functional in translocation. Therefore their positive gradient is the result of a positive dynamic gradient of mobile sugars and a positive static gradient of temporary storage sugars. 6. The insignificant and probably non-existent gradient of sucrose is increased rather than decreased, as would be expected if this sugar were moving only downward. 7. The residual substances consist of those polysaccharides, small quantities of fats, minerals, and organic nitrogen which remain after the total carbohydrates, including acid hydrolyzable substances, are subtracted from the dry weight. The residual polysaccharides are thought to include the "intussusception" material (polysaccharides of high molecular weight and their derivatives) of the cell wall. The residual polysaccharides fluctuate as the total carbohydrates (particularly reducing sugars and the "hemicelluloses") fluctuate, and in the same direction.


In gaseous nebulae the abundances of heavy elements derived from recombination lines are systematically higher than those derived from collisionally excited lines. The possible explanations to obtain compatible solutions are: either to attribute the difference to the presence of temperature inhomogeneities or to the presence of dense clumps of colder enriched material. We have obtained long slit echelle spectrograms in several planetary nebulae to try to shed light on this topic. We present preliminary results for NGC 6543.


The electrochemical decomplexing and oxidation of two frequently used complexing agents in surface treatment and metal finishing - EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) - and of organic non-complexing additives used in nickel-plating baths were the subject of this study. Using a Ti-RuO2 electrode, a partial indirect oxidation by in-situ electrochemical generation of chlorine compounds could be achieved for EDTA and NTA. At a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode however, complete decomplexing and high COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) (up to 95%) removal occurred at an average current density of 2 A dm-2. It is shown that direct electrochemical oxidation at a BDD electrode resulted in lower energy consumption and higher treatment rates than indirect oxidation at a Ti-RuO2 electrode. Decomplexing at the BDD electrode occurred at high current efficiencies ranging from 71% to 95% with decomplexing rates in the order of 3.13 mmol (Ah)-1 and 5.02 mmol (Ah)-1 for EDTA and NTA respectively. COD removal rates obtained were 0.090 g (Ah)-1 for EDTA, 0.100 g (Ah)-1 for NTA and 0.205 g (Ah)-1 for the nickel-plating additives. Electrochemical decomplexing and oxidation of common chelating agents can render the subsequent metal precipitation and biological wastewater treatment of surface treatment and metal finishing effluents more efficient. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry


Abstract At several non-volcanic margins serpentinized peridotites occur within a wide continent-ocean transition (COT) and beneath the edge of the thinned continental crust. However, other margins such as the Woodlark Basin appear to have a sharp COT and no reported serpentinites. We investigate the thermal, magmatic and rheological evolution of margins during extension as a function of initial lithospheric structure, rift duration and stretching factor. For cratonic and old orogen models, the entire crust should become brittle at stretching factors c. 3–4. The resultant crust-cutting faults allow water to reach and serpentinize the mantle, leading to the development of serpentinite décollements at the crust-mantle boundary and exhumation of mantle at the COT. Our predictions are consistent with the spatial limit and thickness of serpentinites at the SW Greenland and West Iberia margins, and the Rockall Trough. They also explain the absence of a broad zone of unroofed, serpentinized mantle at the COT of the Woodlark Basin: here the crust was too thick and hot for serpentinites to form before break-up. Larger melt production than in the West Iberia type margins and concentration of the lithospheric strength in the crust leads to synchronous crustal separation and lithospheric failure, yielding a sharp COT.


Due to imperative needs of English studying, such as globalization, internationalization, advances in transportation and communication technologies, ethics and personal growth and responsibility, etc, it is rather important for people with these needs to know about intercultural communication as well as identity. The aim of knowing intercultural communication is to reduce the impediments within communication to achieve a smooth conversation. Similar to intercultural communication, identity is also difficult to define because it is multi-layered and multifaced. The teaching of second language involves more knowledge about culture and the identity of the other speaker. To improve the communication, a method is presented, including explanation, collection, implementation and feedback. The ultimate goal is to motivate learners and practice their linguistic and intercultural skills.


Objective Of cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal rebleeding incentives for targeted care. Methods Retrospective analysis of our department in February 2008 ~ December 2009 50 cases were treated again with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were compared. Results 50 patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in another significant incentive for 74.0%, 26.0% had no incentive for patients to carry out effective nursing intervention, nursing effectively. 50 patients were discharged 82.0%, mortality 18.0%, B group than in A group were significantly reduced mortality significantly (P0.05). Conclusions Cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding recurrence incentives, positive and effective care, to avoid recurrence incentives can reduce the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding again.


A (truly) integrated approach to the management of urban water should take into account, further to the characteristics of the technical system, a range of socio-economic processes and interactions – combined into what has been termed the "socio-technical system". This is by no means an easy endeavour: conventional simulation tools often fail to capture socio-economic processes and their interactions with the technical urban water system. Variables depicting the socioeconomic environment are usually static and estimated from literature and/or expert opinion. To address this issue, new socio-technical modelling approaches are emerging aiming to explicitly account for the feedback loops between the socioeconomic environment and the urban water system. In this paper we develop a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) conceptual model using System Dynamics (SD), Agent Based Modelling (ABM) and urban water modelling tools to investigate the urban water system's response to different policies. The SD model simulates the broader socio-economic, natural and technical context and links to more specialised tools for the social and technical sub-systems: For the social subsystem, ABM is used to model preferences and decisions of water users, whereas for the technical system, the Urban Water Optioneering Tool (UWOT) is used to provide a detailed representation of the urban water cycle, affected by the endusers' decisions. The proposed modelling framework allows for the dynamic nature of the socio-economic variables to be explicitly included in the assessment in order to test the effectiveness of different policies, such as awareness raising campaigns, and dynamically simulate the subsequent response of the urban water system in time. The paper discusses the integration of urban water and social simulation models at a higher modelling level via a System Dynamics platform and the suitability of such a framework for the assessment of the performance and pressures on urban water systems under varying conditions and scenarios.


Objective To study the characteristics of sleep disorders in patients with stroke.Methods 350 patients with stroke were evaluated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Neurofunction Deficit Score (NDS).Results The familiar sleep disorders in stroke patients were difficulty to fall asleep, early to awake, hard to keep the sleep long, with inordinate sleep structure, excess sleep in daytime, paroxysmal nona. The incidence rate of sleep disorder in female cases was higher than that of the male cases ( P0.05).Conclusion The incidence of dyssomnia in stroke patients is higher than that of common people. As a whole,the incidence of dyssomnia in female stroke patients is higher than male. The incidence of sleep disorders such as difficulty to fall asleep, early to awake, hard to keep the sleep long, with inordinate sleep structure in female stroke patients is higher than that of male patients. The incidence of sleep disorders such as excess sleep in daytime, paroxysmal nona in male stroke patients is higher than that of female patients.


This article is an attempt to unravel the uniqueness of the literary style of F. M. Dostoyevsky with the objective of better appreciation of his artistry. F. M. Dostoyevsky is a Russian writer whose literary works explore human psychology in the socio-political and spiritual context of 19th-century Russia. This article gives a brief account oldie socio-political background of the author and the peculiarities of his literary creations. His literary works are known as philosophies in action. The unique literary style adopted by him led to the misconception about his ideological position. Though he used his literary works to expose the danger of the prominent 'western ideas' prevailing during his time he was often considered as the supporter of those very ideas which he opposed vehemently.


In an earlier paper a method was described for numerical calculation of the Peierls energy barrier to dislocation motion in the Frenkel‐Kontorova model. The present paper reports an approximate analytical calculation of the barrier for the model with a cubic substrate, and compares the barrier analytically calculated with the barrier numerically calculated by the earlier method. The analytical method relates the barrier to poles on an axis of imaginary lattice spacing.


In the near for several dozens year,the "Ren-Jian Buddhism" thought takes Taiwan Buddhism and the academic circles quite receives,many Buddhism association none who does not take "Ren-Jian Buddhism"as the summons, the organization association, positive is engaged in matter of line the social concern. But in these many associations'behind, the author pondered to a question, the "Ren-Jian Buddhism 's navigator" ──master Yin-shun in the ideal "Bodhisattva-gana" along master is what kind of form, has these connotations and the theory principle? What also has such " Bodhisattva-gana" the practice goal also is? These questions have the response and the reorganization necessity, this is the author writes the paper the motive to be at. The author take the Nagarjuna, master Tai-xu, master Yin-shun along three characters as a vein, from them "the life situation" and "the time situation" looked " Bodhisattva-gana" ideally this one proposed, inspires again with continues. Moreover " Bodhisattva-gana" from the Buddhism history evolution and the dependent relationship principle proof forms should however and inevitably; Then stands based on "Ren-Jian Buddhism" thought, why reorganizes "Bodhisattva-gana" should have these theories principle and the practice goal, and seeks the basis of sutra. Then theory principle which comes by this proof, engages in introspection the contemporary practice the " Ren-Jian Buddhism" association, whether is in harmony with the original meaning which master Yin-shun is suitable, or has the trend slant in the time place adaption the phenomenon production, and proposes the author individual some views. Will believe a penetration actual matter line of observation and reconsidering, will be helpful to understood and will carry out master Yin-shun to be suitable the "Ren-Jian Buddhism" thought and the characteristic.


With the vigorous development of chinese economy,cross-beam structure is widely used in industrial and civil buildings because it can provide large space while it is beautiful and comfortable.combined with the engineering practice,the calculation theory of SATWE structure design software of cross-beams analysis is discussed,and results of several kinds of modeling method is compared to the manual calculation result.Finally,how to rationally use SATWE software to design cross-beam structure is discussed.


Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the volatile constituents from the aerial part and the underground part of Piper sarmentosum,toprovide a basis for its development and clinical application.Method: The refluxing method was used to extract the chemical constituents from the root and the aerial part of P.sarmentosum with petroleum ether and dichloromethane. The components were separated and identified by GC-MS.Result: Thirty-six components in aerial part and 32 components in underground part were identified. Both the underground part and aerial part contained 20 common constituents,such as hydrocinnamic acid,α-cubebene,humulene,β-caryophyllene,β-asarone,α-asarone,isoelemicin and so on,which accounted for more than 85%and 55% of the total content of the aerial part and underground part,respectively. And α-asarpneshowed the highest content in each part,which is more than 30%. The aerial part contained 16 specific componentssuch ascalarene,α-selinene,d-cadinene,β-eudesmol,cis-nerolidol,5-octadecene,squalene and so on; whilethe underground part contained 12 specific components such as( 1R)-( +)-α-pinene,β-pinene,3-phenylpropanamide and so on. Conclusion: Most of the volatile constituents from the aerial part and underground part of P. sarmentosumare identical,but their contents are obviously different. Andthere are specific constituents in both two parts,which might relate to theirdifferent medical usage.


Infrared imaging equipment can work at night and in complex environments, but the resolution of infrared image is not good. Super-resolution (SR) is a very important technology in image processing. It can reconstruct the low-resolution image by signal processing without changing the hardware device. This paper presents a novel infrared super-resolution reconstruction algorithm, which is based on sparse representation. Experiment results show that, compared with interpolation based approach, the proposed algorithm shows a better performance in infrared scenarios.


Building on prior work on levels of analysis, we present an approach for understanding changes in multiple levels of analysis or entities over time. The conceptual framework describes how entities may remain stable over time, shift toward independence at a lower level of analysis, or change to homogeneous or heterogeneous interdependence at a higher level of analysis. We discuss examples and implications of the approach for theory building.


The scientific study of economic inequality has drawn a major interest due to the ever growing uneven distribution of wealth within the whole society. According to Oxfam International, in 2010, 388 individuals holds as much wealth as half of the world population. And this number has, in 2016, decreased to 62 individuals (Hardoon and Ayele, 2016). It is a very important but extremely hard problem to analyze, explain and give prediction to the wealth distribution in human society because in reality this involves all di↵erent kinds of economic activities and has also a deep relationship with government policies on wealth redistribution, which varies from nation to nation. Finding a model simple enough but still keep track of the main characteristic of human wealth distribution which allows people to not only explain the inequality but also investigate the dynamic of wealth has been a long desire.


Tests for hydrogen cracking in welding have been used for many years in research and steel development and in recent years are playing an increasing role in material procurement. A multitude of different tests have been proposed, many being developed for a specific research program and not being used again. Where tests are being used by several laboratories, lack of standardization frustrates the comparison of results among laboratories and is a serious limitation when the test is used for procurement purposes. There is a trend to higher strength steels in the energy sector and the control of potential cracking problems is a challenge that must be addressed if these materials are to be utilized successfully. Existing cracking tests will play an important role, and doubtless new tests will be introduced to tackle specific problems as they are identified. To provide a background for developing research programs on controlling hydrogen cracking in higher strength materials, this report presents a discussion of various aspects of cracking tests. No attempt is made to review available tests. Following background introduction of cracking tests in general, this report addresses practical aspects, interpretation, standardization and suggestions for future development.


The world of cyberspace revolves around the scientific and technological as well as other facets of the internet, data encryption, digital communication, signal processing and data mining. Tel Aviv University has initiated a new cyber study program for students from the non-technological disciplines. In this paper we propose an introductory Computer Science course, aimed at those students. This course exposes students, in addition to programming and several cyber-oriented topics, to general, fundamental concepts and ideas from Computer Science. The course aims at familiarizing students with the computational "culture", thus broadening their perspective on the scientific aspects of the cyber world. The Python programming language was chosen as the language used for experiencing with the course topics. This course was offered for the first time in Fall 2013. We describe the considerations in the design of the course, its content and structure. We propose several educational stand-alone modules, which can be incorporated into similar courses.


[Name removed] was fired in 1994 from his job as a nurse's aide at the Seattle, WA Harborview Medical Center after refusing to cover a tattoo on his left inside forearm that reads HIV POSITIVE. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected [name removed]'s arguments that he was terminated because of his HIV status and not the tattoo. He contended that the hospital violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and his First Amendment right to free speech. The judge agreed with the hospital that [name removed]'s refusal to conceal the tattoo amounted to insubordination. The appeals panel affirmed the granting of summary judgment on [name removed]'s ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims. [Name removed] said he had himself tattooed to help dispel the stigma attached to his infection. The hospital said the tattoo alarmed some patients.


Chlorophyll a analyses including pheopigments were made on water samples taken on 10 cruises on Lake Erie between April and December, 1970. The highest mean chlorophyll a values of approximately 11...


The spatial extents of particle emission source in high-energy collisions can be measured using two-particle femtoscopic correlations. In collisions with small multipli cities, such as proton-proton collisions, correlation functions can be distorted by non-femtos copic effects, for example due to the correlations that caused by energy-momentum conservatio n laws, jets and mini-jets. To estimate these effects, a simulation of p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=200 and $\sqrt{s}$=510 GeV using PYTHIA 6.4.28 and HIJING 1.383, and p+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV using HIJING were performed. Charged pion and kaon correlation functions obtained from the Monte Carlo generators and their comparison to the experimental data are p resented.


A series of full-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the smoke propagation behavior for t²-fires. The effect of corridor arrangement (size and smoke curtains) were analyzed. The corridor size and smoke curtains have beneficial effect to delay the smoke propagation to downstream corridors. In the experiments, quick mixing of smoke after the decay of fire was observed that result in blockage of corridors. In the prediction of smoke layer by using zone models, this effect is not taken into account. Thus there is a need to revise zone type equations to include smoke-air mixing during post decay period.


Several drugs are available to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). This multicenter, open-label, Canadian trial included 403 patients with


Objective: To investigate the effects of high calcium diet combined with treadmill training on the skeleton metabolism and micro-structure in orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis in adult male mice.Methods: Twenty male mice of 6 months old after orchiectomy were divided into control group and experimental group,which were fed on high calcium diet combined with treadmill training for 15 min twice per day for 8 weeks.Serum alkaline phosphatase was measured on the end of experiment.The trabecular and cortical parameters of tibia were analyzed by micro-CT.Results: After high calcium diet combined with treadmill training for 8 weeks,alkaline phosphotase activity was increased significantly.The trabecular number,trabecular thickness and connective density were increased significantly but the SMI decreased.For the tibia middle shaft,the cortical area and cortical thickness were increased significantly but medullar area had no significant change.Conclusion: High calcium diet combined with treadmill training has positive effects on the skeleton metabolism,trabecular bone and cortical bone in orchiectomized mice.


. The article introduces into scientific discourse the minutes of the 13 th regional party conference (January 6–10, 1934). The document is housed by the National Archive of Kalmykia (Fond 'Kalmyk Executive Committee of the CPSU') and shows the significance of such party conferences. The Conference instructed the Kalmyk Executive Party Committee to catch up in livestock breeding, develop instructional guidelines on engineering and veterinary science for executive personnel, organize training and retraining courses for tractor and combine operators, etc. Immediate eradication of bureaucratical procedures and fundamental restructuring of party administration in accordance with the then conditions were viewed as key factors for the implementation of the assigned tasks.


eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 was a catastrophic event, a then-unparalleled disaster that wiped an island from the globe and produced meteorological effects from which no part of the earth was immune. In his recent popular history of the explosions, Simon Winchester argues that Krakatoa "still attracts an endless procession of superlatives ... the greatest detonation, the loudest sound, the most devastating volcanic event in modern recorded human history" (c).1 Details were at first slow to appear in the British press. Three days after the event, a Times report from Java gave a sparse but evocative description of the aftermath:


Introduction: Ureilites represent an enigmatic group of achondrites that are comprised of ~90 % anhedral olivine and pyroxene and <10 % dark interstitial material consisting of a mixture of silicate, carbon, metal, carbides and sulfides [1]. Although ureilites resemble igneous rocks their mode of origin remains controversial. The competing hypotheses include origin as products of fractional crystallization, residues of partial melting, or a nebular origin. We have used electron microprobe image analysis to quantitatively estimate the mineral proportions and determined the silicate phase compositions in 20 ureilite samples. These new data are combined with the results of experiments to calculate the precipitation temperatures for the olivine + pyroxene assemblage and the stoichiometric coefficients for the smelting reaction between liquid, silicate minerals, carbon and iron. We find that there is a variation in mineral composition and mode that is consistent with a smelting process for part of the ureilite group, but that this process can not explain all of the variability observed among the ureilites.


This work demonstrates the issue of participation in the architectural design process in Palestine. The study discusses two main issues. The first issue is the theoretical side of participation concepts including two aspects of the participation process; significance and level of participation. The second issue is the fieldwork of participation concentrating on Al-Maageen Housing Project in Palestine. This case study investigates the current practices of the participation process in the housing project in Palestine. The aim of conducting this case study is to know the extent of applying the concept of community participation. In addition, it aims to develop an approach to the practical level of participation. The study has revealed that the participation process should start at the early stage of the design process and inform the users about their rights of participation.


The article deals with the peculiarities of the educational process in a technical University in order to increase the motivation of students through learning a foreign language. The concepts of «motive» and «motivation» in a broad sense of the word are revealed, and in particular, the concept of «motives of scientific activity» is given through the prism of the classification of personal motives. The paper analyzes the provisions on this issue, described in the works of such researchers as D. B. Bogoyavlenskaya, J. Dewey, A. Maslow, D. Halpern, M. G. Yaroshevsky, etc. Most researchers emphasize that the research activity is a creative interaction of the main subjects of the educational process, the result of which is the development of students' subjectively new knowledge by solving research problems. The aim of this article is to consider the ways of increasing motivation to study disciplines in the profile of training by attracting students to research activity by means of a foreign language. The article proposes a program of involvement of students in research activity taking into account modern requirements for professional training of University graduates. The article is based on research results, questionnaires, observations and a survey conducted among first-year and second year students and the first-year students in the master's program of the Polytechnic University, those who continue studying English.


The paper presents a multi step approach to generate ensemble streamflow forecasts where multiple sources of uncertainties are taken into account and merged into one ensemble: forcing errors, optimized model parameters and errors (ISURF), and initial conditions errors via SWE assimilation, all merged with an EnKF. In particular, each uncertainty type (mostly model parameters and initial conditions here) is individually characterized and merged into one "big ensemble" via an EnKF. The approach is evaluated with respect to an EnKF without the individual characterization of the uncertain-


1 Individualism and Interpretation* Interpretational accounts of meaning, which understand what a speaker means in terms of how his linguistic (and other) behavior would be best interpreted, have frequently been taken to be incompatible with accounts of meaning which stress language's "social" character. Indeed, Donald Davidson, probably the most prominent interpretationalist, has criticized writers such as Tyler Burge precisely for claiming that social usage can determine the contents of our thoughts and utterances. However, one can reconcile interpretational accounts of meaning with language's social character if one distinguishes "methodological" from "ascriptional" individualism. Ascriptional individualism requires that what one means by one's own terms be independent of how others use theirs. Methodological individualism, on the other hand, requires only that the criteria for the correct application of one's terms ultimately be grounded in facts about oneself. Davidson's hostility to Burge's work results at least partially from his running these two types of individualism together. One can be a methodological individualist without being an ascriptional one, and while interpretational accounts of meaning are committed to methodological individualism, arguments for languages social character are incompatible only with ascriptional individualism. We can see this by considering Burge's well known discussion of Bert and his claim that he has "arthritis" in his thigh (especially since it is Burge's conclusions about just this case that Davidson criticizes).1 The scenario should be familiar enough, and will be rehearsed just briefly here. Bert has a number of correct beliefs about arthritis such as that he has had arthritis in his knuckles for years, that older people frequently have it, that cold weather aggravates it, etc., but he also believes that his arthritis has spread to his thigh. When he tells this to his doctor, he is told


Thinking about art as a process of social communication, this article intends to understand how the relationship between the artist and the audience is potentially altered in an interactive Internet environment. By drawing on a review of old and contemporary theorists, we show that ideas about the digital encounter of artists and beholders bear great resemblance to opinions uttered about 'old' media's impact on this distinct relationship. Hence, it appears that new media's impact on artists' relationship with their audience needs to be understood as an evolution rather than as a revolution. Following these recurring insights, the possible change in aesthetic experiences can be understood in contrasting ways. This article gives an overview of the different arguments and so aims to provide a framework for researching and understanding the changes in the field of art, which are induced and reinforced through Internet.


To examine the surgical techniques and preliminary outcomes of the lateral rectus approach (LRA) for treating vertical shear (VS) pelvic fracture associated with lumbosacral plexus (LSP) injury.


We use multiple-scale analysis to study a 5-wave system (5WS) composed of two different internal gravity wave triads. Each of these triads consists of a parent wave and two daughter waves, with one daughter wave common between the two triads. The parent waves are assumed to have the same frequency and wavevector norm co-existing in a region of constant background stratification. Such 5-wave systems may emerge in oceans, for example, via tide-topography interactions, generating multiple parent internal waves that overlap. Two 2D cases are considered: Case 1(2) has parent waves with the same horizontal (vertical) wavenumber but with different vertical (horizontal) wavenumber. For both cases, the 5WS is more unstable than triads for $f/\omega_1\gtrapprox0.3$, where $\omega_1$ and $f$ are the parent wave and the local Coriolis frequency, respectively. For $f/\omega_1\gtrapprox0.3$, the common daughter wave's frequency is $\approx \omega_1-f $ and $f$ respectively for Cases 1 and 2. For 3D cases, 5WSs become more unstable as the angle ($\theta$) between the horizontal wavevectors of the parent waves is decreased. Moreover, for any $\theta$, 5WSs have higher growth rates than triads for $f/\omega_1\gtrapprox0.3$. Numerical simulations match the theoretical growth rates of 5WSs for a wide range of latitudes, except when $f/\omega_1\approx0.5$ (critical latitude). More than three daughter waves are forced by the two parent waves when $f/\omega_1\approx0.5$. We formulate a reduced order model which shows that for any $\theta$, the maximum growth rate near the critical latitude is approximately twice the maximum growth rate of all triads.


The recent destructive earthquakes in Wenchuan (China), L'Aquila (Italy), Port-au-Prince (Haiti), Christchurch (New Zealand), and Tohoku (Japan) have reignited the discussion over seismic safety. Several scientists [e.g., Stein et al., 2012; Wyss et al., 2012] have questioned the reliability of some seismic hazard maps based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA)—a widely used probabilistic approach that estimates the likelihood of various levels of ground shaking occurring at a given location in a given future time period—raising an intense discussion on this specific point [Hanks et al., 2012; Frankel, 2013; Stein et al., 2013].


Abstract This paper introduces the Pay-What-You-Want game which represents the interaction between a buyer and a seller in a Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) situation. The PWYW game embeds the dictator game and the trust game as subgames. This allows us to use previous experimental studies with the dictator and the trust game to identify three factors that can influence the success of PWYW pricing in business practice: (i) social context, (ii) social information, and (iii) deservingness. Only few cases of PWYW pricing for a longer period of time have been documented. By addressing repeated games, we isolate two additional factors which are likely to contribute to successful implementations of PWYW as a long term pricing strategy. These are (iv) communication and (v) the reduction of goal conflicts. The central contribution of this study is an attempt to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and the research on PWYW pricing, which relies largely on evidence from the field. By reviewing the relevant experiments, this study identifies factors crucial for the success of PWYW pricing and provides guidance to developing long-term applications of PWYW pricing.


New relation of the piezoelectric thermoplastic strain and total strain,piezoelectric strain and temperature strain is established.the relation is independent of the Yield surface,Loading surface and the flow rule. The piezoelectric elasto - plastic intelligent constitutive relation,piezoelectric thermal elasto - plastic intelligent constitutive relation and nonlinear intelligent constitutive relation are created.they can avoid the enormous difficulties and severe defects which exist when we use the Yield surface,the Loading surface and the Flow rule. These constitutive relation can also be used in the general structure ( piezoelectric strain and temperature strain is zero ).


The scan modes that can be used to obtain daughter ion, parent ion, and constant neutral-loss spectra on hybrid mass spectrometers are derived for instruments with a quadrupole combined with a magnetic and/or electric sector. All combinations of sector/quadrupole and quadrupole/sector instruments are discussed. The advantages or lack thereof of the various scans are presented with respect to operation, resolution and potential artifacts.


This study proposes a periodic cavities structure on the absorber of a CMOS-MEMS thermoelectric (TE) infrared (IR) sensor implemented through TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M standard CMOS platform for absorption enhancement. Design proposed in this study features: (1) utilizing periodic cavities on the absorber to enhance IR absorption, (2) increasing cavity density to further improve IR absorption, (3) leveraging the advantages of CMOS platform to realize this sub-wavelength optical structure. The TE IR sensor in this study is aimed to be applied in human body temperature detections with a spectral sensing range from 8-14 μm wavelength. Absorption spectrum measurements show the enhancement within target band. Responsivity measurements also reveal cavity structures on the absorber can enhance the performance by 10.8%.


This paper demonstrates state-of-the-art text sentiment analysis tools while developing a new time-series measure of economic sentiment derived from economic and financial newspaper articles from January 1980 to April 2015. We compare the predictive accuracy of a large set of sentiment analysis models using a sample of articles that have been rated by humans on a positivity/negativity scale. The results highlight the gains from combining existing lexicons and from accounting for negation. We also generate our own sentiment-scoring model, which includes a new lexicon built specifically to capture the sentiment in economic news articles. This model is shown to have better predictive accuracy than existing, "off-the-shelf", models. Lastly, we provide an application to the economic research on sentiment. Motivated by Barsky and Sims (2012), we estimate the impulse responses of macroeconomic variables to sentiment shocks. Our results are consistent with their theoretical and empirical predictions. Positive sentiment shocks increase consumption, output, and interest rates and dampen inflation. ∗We thank Armen Berjikly and the Kanjoya and Ultimate Software staff for generously assisting on the project and providing guidance, comments and suggestions. Lily Huang and Ben Shapiro provided excellent research assistance. The paper benefitted from comments from participants at the Econometric Society summer meetings, APAM meetings, and the Federal Reserve System Applied Microeconomics conference. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. †Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, firstname.lastname@example.com ‡Stanford University, email@example.com §Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, firstname.lastname@example.com


Infestation was identified systematically according to a case definition for rat infestation. Descriptive analysis of the data was done with EpiInfo (CDC), and the MySQL data-base RatMap linked to ArcGis (ESRI), which allows analysis of rat infestations in space and time, and the extent and outcome of control measures. However, activities of the Institute are limited to the occurrence of rats near surface of public property. Therefore, data from the sewer system provided by Hamburg water public works were entered into the geo-database. Results of evaluation over a period of four years are demonstrated. If applicable, 95 % confidence intervals were calculated.


s and Summaries of Papers PRESENTED AT THE 1973 ANNUAL MEETING, JUNE 18-20 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, FORT COLLINS GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES Bark and Sawdust on Soilless Media for Greenhouse Tomatoes. D. J. Cotter, New Mexico State University, Las Quces. Bark and sawdust media were used successfully for growing greenhouse tomatoes over 3 cropping years. When fresh material was used, it was necessary to apply added nitrogen for the first 2 weeks to overcome the expected nitrogen deficiency associated with using fresh organic material with a wide cover nitrogen ratio. Subsequently the nitrogen added in the normal fertilizing schedule was inadequate. Yields of plants in most organic media were moderately high and not significantly different than those of plants in standard peat-lite or scoria rock. Root knot nematode infestations, previously a chronic problem in soil culture, were not a problem in bark and sawdust. Studies on the Extended Use of Nutrient Solutions for Hydroponic Culture. W. Berry, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California, H. Johnson, Jr., and G. Bradford, University of California, Riverside. Historically, nutrient solutions for hydroponic culture have been used for a few weeks and then discarded. This avoids the need for frequent chemical analyses in order to keep the solution in "proper balance." Currently, there are many hydroponic greenhouse installations throughout the West which are utilizing solutions of premixed salts on a one to two-week basis, followed by disposal of the solutions on the greenhouse property. These solutions contain significant amounts of nitrates and other soluble salts which constitute a pollution hazard to groundwaters, particularly on more permeable soils. In most areas of California, this disposal practice of hydroponic waste is in violation of the current regulations of the Water Quality Control Boards. Recent studies on greenhouse tomato craps at the University of California, Riverside and at a commercial hydroponic installation have investigated the extended use of nutrient solutions as a means of avoiding the pollution hazard and reducing operating costs. The substrate, in both cases, was granitic pea gravel confined in beds 6 to 8 inches deep and 24 to 30 inches wide. In practice, a modified Hoagland's solution is monitored for changes in total salt content (by daily EC measurements) and small amounts of complete stock concentrate are added as required. The changes which occurred in the solution and in plant tissue were followed closely by laboratory analyses from periodic samplings. It has been found that extended use of nutrient solutions, under the study conditions, is limited to perhaps 90 days. This is due to the accumulation of extraneous ions brought into the system from tap water and impurities in the chemicals used to prepare the solution. At first, calcium and sodium accumulations from tap water additions caused some difficulty in estimating the concentrations of NO3-N, PO4-F, and K from total salt readings. Later, zinc, copper, and iron reached excessive levels in the solution, accumulated on the roots in high concentrations, and interfered with uptake of zinc and copper sufficiently to produce deficiency levels in leaf tissue. Phosphorus concentration in the solution has been difficult to maintain due to continuous losses to insoluble forms on the surface of gravel particles and in the beds. Nickel has entered the system from macronutrient chemicals and accumulated to possibly toxic levels in plant tissue. Cadmium accumulated to a possibly significant level. The extended use of hydroponic solutions has many limitations; however, there is some basis for anticipating improved performance over the recent experience through additional precautions to avoid extraneous ion accumulation. Automatic Drip Irrigation of Greenhouse Tomatoes. R. Roberts and L. New, Texas A&M University, Agricultural Extension Service, Lubbock. An automatic drip irrigation system using a switching tensiometer, time clock, filter, water flow controls and low volume low pressure emitters kept soil moisture near field capacity in a 2-acre tomato greenhouse. Automatic soil moisture sensing and water application reduced management time and cost, eliminated wide fluctuation in available soil moisture, increased marketable yield and saved water. Simultaneous demand for water did not exceed 25% of the total water requirement of the 2-acre drip irrigation system. Tensiometer location, sensing depths and switch settings were critical. All post plant fertilizer was applied through the system as required to maintain optimum soil and plant concentrations. Initial cost of system was recovered in first crop. LANDSCAPE, FLORICULTURE, AND TURF A Study of the Poplar Budgall Mite, Aceria parapopuli. J. R. Fuecht, Colorado State University, Extension Horticulturist, Denver. The poplar budgall mite is an eriophyid which colonizes in bud primondia of Populus sargenti and several other species of cottonwood native in the Rocky Mountain area. Knowledge of the life cycle of this eriophyid is essential to the discovery of adequate control measures. The study showed that overwintering of Aceria parapopuli is largely in the adult stage within galls formed the previous year. Females became active fully 30 days before resumption of bud growth. Eggs are laid in cavities of the galls, these hatching at the time buds break in the trees. Research included a three year series of chemical treatments using foliar, trunk-injected and soil-injected pesticides. Results showed that 25 ml per tree of metasystox-R trunk-injected by the Mauget method gave significant control if applied in early May. Metasystox-R applied to the foliage gave no significant control. Dormant oil and dorman oil plus chlorobenzilate treatment applied mid-March, early April, and early May resulted in significant reduction of eriophyid populations in the overwintering galls but had no effect on reduction of new gall formation. Dissection of galls showed that metasystox-R (trunk injection) resulted in death of all mites and had an apparent residual effect, destroying hatching eggs. Those with dormant oil in the treatments had active mites and nymphs in some of the cavities "convolutions" of the galls, particularly those near the center. Physiology of Pinyon Needle Gall Formation. J. A. Byers, J. Wayne Brewer, and Donald W. Denna, Colorado State University, Fort Collins The physiological responses involved in the formation of insect stimulated galls are poorly understood. It appears however, that the insect somehow alters the normal plant hormone balance causing the formation of these abnormal plant growths. Pinyon needle galls provide an excellent system for study of gall formation because closely related midges cause highly different galls. Auxin and gibberellin were extracted from normal and galled needles using solvent partitioning and thin-layer chromatography. Bioassays were used to detect and quantify low levels of these hormones. Auxin level increases of 20 fold and gibberellin level increases of 5 fold were found in galled as compared to normal needles. Only low levels of gibberellin and no auxin were detected in the insects that cause the galls to be formed. Histogenic cellular changes of hypertrophy and hyperplasia support the suggestion that auxin and gibberellin are important factors in gall formation. It is postulated that the gall forming insect may produce some type of diphenol which would inhibit peroxidase or auxin oxidase enzymes, which normally destroy auxin, thus allowing the hormone to increase the unusually high levels and producing abnormal plant growth. Biological Studies of Ponderosa Pine Needle Galls. P. R. Johnson and J. W. Brewer, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. A pine needle gall midge Contarinia coloradensis Felt (Diptera:Cecidomiidae) causes severe stunting of needles, globose basal galls of various types, and premature needle drop of Pinus ponderosa Laws in Colorado. High infestation levels, 50 to 80% of new needles, reduced tree growth and vigor. At elevations of 5 to 6,000 feet adult midges emerged from mid-April to mid-May. Females 154 HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 9(2), APRIL 1974 laid from 1 to 65 eggs (average 23) per oviposition site on expanding needle candles. The eggs hatched in about one week and the larvae commenced feeding immediately on the needle tissue. There were three larval stages. In the fall, mature larvae emerged from the galls and dropped to the soil litter beneath the trees where they overwintered. Several types and sizes of needle galls resulted from attacks by C. coloradensis. Gall type appeared to vary depending on the stage of needle development when oviposition occurred. Because of the relatively long period of adult emergence, the eggs were laid on both very young and relatively advanced needles. The site of oviposition also changed as needle development progressed. Approximately 70% of the variation in gall size was attributed to the number of larvae per gall. Two new species of Platygaster (Hymenoptera.Platygasteridae) accounted for 50% parasitism. Gastrancistrus sp. (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae) parasitized another 6 to 10% of the midges. Control of Elm Bark Beetles Using Cacodylic Acid. B. B. Hosteller and J. W. Brewer, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Dutch elm disease was detected in Ft. Morgan, Colorado in 1968 and has been spreading rapidly through Colorado since that time, creating a threat to the American elms, especially those that are in high concentrations. A research program pertaining to the Dutch elm disease problem was recently initiated at Colorado State University. This particular part of the research was concerned with control of the elm bark beetle. Thirty American elms were girdled with a hatchet 1 Vz ft above the ground. Cacodylic acid was introduced into the girdles of 15 of the trees with a plastic squeeze bottle at the rate of two ml. per inch ci


1CP F. CLARK POWER Professor, Program of Liberal Studies Concurrent Professor, Psychology Professor, Graduate Programs in Teaching and Educational Leadership Address: Office: 370 Decio, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 Home: 117 Napoleon Blvd., South Bend, IN 46617 Phone: Office: (574)-631-7343 Home: (574) 232-8587 E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Education: Ed.D. Harvard University, School of Education, Human Development, 1979 M.A. Washington Theological Union, Systematic Theology, 1974 B.A. Villanova University, Philosophy, 1970 Academic Career: 1996-Present Professor, Program of Liberal Studies Concurrent Professor, Department of Psychology 1998-2014 Faculty, Masters of Education Program, Institute for Educational Initiatives 1996-2002 Chair, Program of Liberal Studies 19881996 Associate Professor, Program of Liberal Studies Faculty Fellow, International Institute for Peace Studies 1982-1988 Assistant Professor, Program of Liberal Studies Research Areas: Psychology of Social, Moral, Ego, and Religious Development; Social and Moral Education; Child Poverty; School Environment; Democratic Education; Youth Sports


The Indiana man was a fine horseman who treasured his horses—they were almost like family to him. Then he had surgery to repair an aortic aneurysm. One of his physicians told him that he could never ride again and that he should sell his horses. Fearful of jeopardizing his life and not knowing what else to do, the man complied, but doing so plunged him into a depression that lifted only when he was well enough to see that the physician's advice was wrong. He now owns and rides horses again.

Cardiac surgery patients at a major Texas hospital are told on discharge not to lift anything heavier than a half-gallon of milk (about 4 pounds). The door to the cardiac rehabilitation facility in the same hospital requires a 14-pound pull to open, yet no patients have died or have even been injured from opening this door.

Do the activity restrictions that patients are given after major surgery affect their recovery? Can the activity restrictions increase the risk of morbidity? Can bad advice kill a patient who has just had a successful surgical procedure?

These provocative questions are not merely theoretical; to us they are deeply personal. I (RDP) am an electrical engineer and physicist who in 2003 underwent an emergent repair of a Stanford type A dissection of the ascending aorta. Since my recovery, I have corresponded with other survivors of aortic events via a Web site. My coauthor, Dr. Adams, is an exercise physiologist and senior research associate; we worked together on the design and analysis of an experiment to improve rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients. Through this unique combination of personal and professional experiences, we have seen that current activity guidelines often fall short. In this article, we explore possible reasons for these deficiencies and their consequences, provide examples of helpful and unhelpful advice, and offer suggestions for improving the content and delivery of postsurgical guidance.


Structural control is one of the most promising strategies for the field of structural vibration. Based on the basic characteristics of the structural vibration control, the categories of structural control method are introduced. The control algorithms are systematically reviewed from the aspects including active control, semi-active control, and neural-fuzzy control. Finally, the existed problem in application and the future developing in research on the structural control method are summarized respectively.


Summary Converted-wave exploration has played a more and more important role in oil field prospecting and development phase. In order to accelerate the gas development in Sulige gas field and promote the application of converted-wave exploration, BGP has carried out some 2D converted-wave projects in Sulige gas field in recent years, a plenty of results has been acquired and a well-rounded work flow, including acquisition, data processing and interpretation has come into being,and this is good for the next step of exploration and development in this area.


We read with great interest the article by Roddy et al 1, published in the Annals of Rheumatic Disease, an open-label study that examined 399 patients presented at primary care centres with exacerbation of gout. The patients were allocated to two treatment arms, one group received naproxen and the second group treated with colchicine, and the primary outcome measured changes in the pain level from baseline over the first 7 days after presentation. Diarrhoea and headaches were more commonly reported in the colchicine group …


This research presents a new data mining method that can efficiently discover associated service patterns requested by users in mobile web environments. Although there exist some studies on data mining in mobile systems in recent years, they were mostly focused on topics like moving path mining or service request log mining and the issue of discovering user's associated service patterns with the locations has not been explored. In particular, this problem becomes more complex when the hierarchical concepts of locations and services are considered. In this work, we propose a new data mining method named two-dimensional multi-level association rules mining, which can efficiently discover the associated service request patterns by taking into account the hierarchical characteristics of the location and service concept. To our best knowledge, this is the first work resolving this research issue. Through detailed experimental evaluations under various system conditions, our method was shown to deliver excellent performance in terms of accuracy, completeness, execution efficiency and scalability.