Proposes that the type of staff (flexible, creative, individualistic) responsible for IT successes of the 1980s may not be happy in the industry of the 1990s which will require tighter management. Discusses the delegation dilemma and the factors affecting managers′ willingness to relinquish control. Examines the difference between "responsibility" and "accountability" and where these should lie in a management structure.


Resurgent tail Na+ currents were first discovered in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. A recent study showed that a 14-mer fragment of a mouse β4 subunit, β4154–167, acts as an intracellular open-channel blocker and elicits resurgent currents in Purkinje neurons (Grieco, T.M., J.D. Malhotra, C. Chen, L.L. Isom, and I.M. Raman. 2005. Neuron. 45:233–244). To explore these phenotypes in vitro, we characterized β4154–167 actions in inactivation-deficient cardiac hNav1.5 Na+ channels expressed in human embryonic kidney 293t cells. Intracellular β4154–167 from 25–250 μM elicited a conspicuous time-dependent block of inactivation-deficient Na+ currents at 50 mV in a concentration-dependent manner. On and off rates for β4154–167 binding were estimated at 10.1 μM−1s−1 and 49.1 s−1, respectively. Upon repolarization, large tail currents emerged with a slight delay at −140 mV, probably as a result of the rapid unblocking of β4154–167. Near the activation threshold (approximately −70 mV), resurgent tail currents were robust and long lasting. Likewise, β4154–167 induces resurgent currents in wild-type hNav1.5 Na+ channels, although to a lesser extent. The inactivation peptide acetyl-KIFMK-amide not only restored the fast inactivation phenotype in hNav1.5 inactivation-deficient Na+ channels but also elicited robust resurgent currents. When modified by batrachotoxin (BTX), wild-type hNav1.5 Na+ channels opened persistently but became resistant to β4154–167 and acetyl-KIFMK-amide block. Finally, a lysine substitution of a phenylalanine residue at D4S6, F1760, which forms a part of receptors for local anesthetics and BTX, rendered cardiac Na+ channels resistant to β4154–167. Together, our in vitro studies identify a putative S6-binding site for β4154–167 within the inner cavity of hNav1.5 Na+ channels. Such an S6 receptor readily explains (1) why β4154–167 gains access to its receptor as an open-channel blocker, (2), why bound β4154–167 briefly prevents the activation gate from closing by a "foot-in-the-door" mechanism during deactivation, (3) why BTX inhibits β4154–167 binding by physical exclusion, and (4) why a lysine substitution of residue F1760 eliminates β4154–167 binding.


The purpose of this study is to substantiate the concept of a device for the evaluation of the suitability of varieties and hybrids of potato tubers for mechanical harvesting from the earliest stages of the selection process and to perform quantitative and structural assessment of damage to potato varieties and hybrids inflicted by the device, simulating the process of the harvester's separating element operation depending on the machine type and harvesting conditions. The structural and operating diagram of the device for the evaluation of suitability of varieties and hybrids for mechanized harvesting has been developed, and the procedure and results of the study to determine the force action of the separating surface of the developed device on the potato tubers are presented. The device developed in accordance with the proposed conceptual scheme, further calibrated to account for modern potato harvesters would make it possible to conduct targeted selection of varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation, as well as to assess the degree of resistance of potato varieties to mechanized harvesting at early stages of selective and seed production works.


Certification of FT professionals is on the rise. IT professionals use certification to get ahead while employers and clients use it as a pre-screening tool for hiring new employees and advancing currently employed IT professionals. With the rise in the number of certifications, many new issues have emerged. First, the difference between the professional certification and proprietary certification has added fuel to the debate over whether IT is a profession or a trade. Second, the certification craze has led to the birth of internal certification protocols. Lastly, certification has become a tool to gain acceptance for new IT products. These three issues impact IT in a variety of ways.


Language Models (LMs) for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) can benefit from utilizing non-linguistic contextual signals in modeling. Examples of these signals include the geographical location of the user speaking to the system and/or the identity of the application (app) being spoken to. In practice, the vast majority of input speech queries typically lack annotations of such signals, which poses a challenge to directly train domain-specific LMs. To obtain robust domain LMs, generally an LM which has been pre-trained on general data will be adapted to specific domains. We propose four domain adaptation schemes to improve the domain performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) LMs, by incorporating app based contextual signals of voice search queries. We show that most of our adaptation strategies are effective, reducing word perplexity up to 21 % relative to a fine-tuned baseline on a held-out domain-specific development set. Initial experiments using a state-of-the-art Italian ASR system show a 3 % relative reduction in WER on top of an unadapted 5-gram LM. In addition, human evaluations show significant improvements on sub-domains from using app signals.


We welcome the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in your critique to our paper. We take the comments as an indication of the interest the paper has sparked. Not often is shipping in the Caribbean a subject of academic concern and we are pleased to keep it in the spotlight. Let us deal with the issues in the order that they are raised.


The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate and propose a novel inter-story drift limits for the current Turkish Seismic Code to get easy structural assessment by using software. For this aim, numerical analysis was performed by modeling two types of RC frame structures. One of them is 5 stories, the other of them is 7 stories. Two different concrete classes, C20 and C25, were considered and three tension reinforcement ratios were considered for analysis. Tension reinforcement ratios were determined by half of the compressive reinforcement, equal to compressive reinforcement and double the compressive reinforcement ratio. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed on these buildings. In this study to execute IDA, eleven seismic acceleration benchmark records were multiplied with various scaling factors from 0.2 to 1.0. Maximum base shear and corresponding roof displacement responses obtained from IDA curves were generated according to these responses. IDA curves were compared with each other by deriving fragility graphs. According to results, proposed limits for the current Turkish seismic code (TBEC-2018) provide, 0.6%, 2.4% and 3.3% respectively for MN, GV and GC, rather safe limits compared to drift limits presented in the foredate seismic code (TSC-2007).


The present investigation entitled "STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITIES AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH AND CURD YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. PUSA SHARAD" was carried out in Rabi 2011-2012 at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, West Godavari (Dist.). The present study included 9 treatment combinations each replicated thrice in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatment combinations included three levels of plant densities (49,383 plants per ha, 37,037 plants per ha and 27,778 plants per ha) and three levels of nitrogen (100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha). The results revealed that the cauliflower cv. Pusa Sharad responded well to plant densities as well as nitrogen levels. The vegetative parameter like plant height was favorably influenced by high density planting (D1) and a nitrogen level of 300 kg/ha (N3). Whereas, other characters like number of leaves per plant (30, and 60 DAT and at harvest), leaf area (at 30 and 60 DAT and at harvest) and plant spread (30 and 60 DAT and at harvest) were recorded maximum with lower plant density (D3) and higher nitrogen level (N3). The number of days taken to first curd appearance and maturity were found to be minimum with high plant density (D1) and lower dose of nitrogen (N1). The minimum per cent of abnormal curds was found with lower plant density (D3) and higher dose of nitrogen (N3). The yield and yield attributing characters like curd diameter, curd weight showed better expression with lower plant density (D3) and higher dose of nitrogen (N3). However, the curd yield per plot and hectare were found significantly superior with the high density planting (D1) and higher dose of nitrogen (N3). The interaction effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels were found nonsignificant with plant height (at 30 DAT), days to first curd appearance and maturity and N uptake. Significant differences were observed in plant height (at 60 DAT and harvest) and curd yield per plot and hectare, net returns and B: C ratio with the treatment combination of D1N3. However, number of leaves (at 30 and 60 DAT and at harvest), leaf area (at 30 and 60 DAT and at harvest), plant spread (at 30 and 60 DAT and at harvest), curd diameter and curd weight were found to be significant with treatment combination of D3N3. The maximum per cent of abnormal curds was observed with treatment combination of D1N1.


The 1999 Balanced Budget Refinement Act required implementation of a prospective payment system (PPS) by October 2002 for long-term care hospitals or LTCHs (hospitals having an average length of stay of 25 days or more). This policy paper describes factors that helped fuel the PPS, including double-digit annual Medicare LTCH expenditure growth and reimbursement inequities due to the payment policies historically applied to these facilities. The paper also discusses the issue of LTCHs that are located physically in, or closely affiliated with, acute care hospitals. Policymakers are concerned that such LTCHs, while delivering cost savings to co-located acute care hospitals, may lead to higher overall Medicare spending without commensurate improvement in patient care. The authors' analyses indicate that co-located LTCHs constitute an estimated 20 percent of all LTCHs. (Published by the Health Care Financing Administration; 2000 June.)


Using the early embryos of Agelena opulenta, the cell migration along the surface of the embryo was examined. It was especially investigated whether the cells migrated inward through the central region of the germ disc. The central region of the germ disc is generally called blastopore or primitive groove. The embryos were immersed into liquid paraffin and were filmed one frame per two minutes with a 16mm cinemicrographic apparatus attatched on a compound microscope. The cell migration was analyzed in detail on the cinefilms. The cells being distributed along the area to a little upper of the equator at the stage of germ disc formation were observed migrating towards the germ disc during the early development. When those cells arrived at the margin of the germ disc they further migrate towards the blastopore moving over the germ disc, then at the blastopore these cells disappeared among the cells of the germ disc. Probably the cells migrated inwards penetrating the cell layer of the germ disc at the blastopore. During this migration most of the cells divided once. The inward cell migration at the blastopore was clearly perceived on the film at the stage when the posterior cumulus started its migration toward the equator.


Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from pleural exudates of 2 children with pleuropneumonia. The organism was also isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a child with meningeal manifestations and from the cerebrospinal fluid as well as pleural exudate of another child who died 21 days after onset of disease. More extensive attempts to cultivate M. pneumoniae from nonpulmonary sites are recommended.


The association between sound and meaning is commonly thought to be symbolic and arbitrary. While this appears to be mostly correct, there is evidence that specific phonetic groupings can be broad indicators of word meaning (Bergen, 2004). Phonaesthemes are sub-morphemic clusters that are predictably related to vague semantic content; this vagueness differentiates them from morphemes. For example, the phonaestheme gl- occurs significantly more often in words related to light and vision (glimmer, gleam, glaze) than would be expected by chance, but one would not indicate that something is related to light or vision by adding gl- to a word.The current work examines the strength and significance of the relationship between form and meaning, and tests whether it affects performance on a paraphrasing task. Previous literature identifies 46 potential phonaesthemes; we added two new candidate phonaesthemes and two potential non-phonaesthemes to this list and examined their strength in a Monte-Carlo analysis of the relatedness of the words' vectors in a semantic space generated by Infomap (Schutze, 1997). Our analysis found a significant semantic relationship in 29 of the 50 word-form groups. If phonaesthemes are significantly semantically related to each other and to their context, reader/hearers may use them as clues in deciphering unfamiliar words. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to read sentences containing phonaestheme-bearing nonsense words, and to paraphrase each sentence. Using Infomap to derive coherence values, we constructed sentences that were highly coherent with one phonaestheme-bearing target word from each of six groups. We then replaced these words with nonsense words from the following categories: (1) Target congruent with sentence; (2) Target incongruent with sentence; (3) Nonsense word with no phonaestheme (neutral).We found a significant difference in the time between the disappearance of the sentence from the screen to the beginning of typing the paraphrase, controlling for sentence length (Typing Latency). Participants were faster to begin paraphrases of Congruent sentences (M=85.03 ms/wd) than Incongruent (M=98.10 ms/wd) or Neutral (M=103.66 ms/wd). This difference is statistically significant between Congruent and Incongruent conditions (t=2.42, p=0.03), indicating that though no such effect was evident in the sentence reading/paraphrase composition times, participants had quicker access to Congruent paraphrases than in the other two conditions. In another task, participants were presented with the same sentences but with the target word replaced with a blank, and asked to complete the sentence with one of three nonsense words (one with a congruent phonaestheme, one with an incongruent phonaestheme, and one with no phonaestheme). Participants chose the congruent words at rates significantly above chance (51% of the time, t=5.0, pPrevious research has shown that when readers come across an unfamiliar word, they rely on contextual cues to help them make sense of the word. However, the current research demonstrates that word form can provide one of these cues if it is in harmony with the sentence's meaning.


The structuring of a model participativo productive porcicola for the small producing of the municipality of Tocancipa, is carried out thinking of the improvement of the produced quality of the swinish ones and in consequence the quality of life of the producing porcicolas of the rural area of the municipality, attributed to the UMATA and the possible ones interested in implementing this production in its properties, they were carried out interviews personalized with directed survey and with the help of schedules the inventory and the production characteristics that it carried out each one of the porcicultores, at the time the real conditions settled down in that were the pigs in the different production stages, the analysis of the surveys gave a possible solution to each one of the detected lacks in a way I practice and simple that will make comfortable to the necessities of the small producing porcicola. By means of field exits and training shops, using different half audiovisual (videos, pamphlets, manuals), with their respective convocation, and with the help of the personnel and facilities of the Municipal Governorship, it is advised according to the productive pattern the process of construction of the necessary infrastructure, the cares, the sanitary, reproductive and nutritional handling to carry out in a technical and efficient way the swinish production using the resources of the area. Being good this model as a means to acquire knowledge and a culture change toward the rustic production and a form in which the small producer can acquire revenues in an economic and profitable way.


9,9-(Tetrachloro-o-phenylenedioxy) xanthene (IIa) and its thio-analogue (IIb) are cleaved by hydrazines to give the corresponding hydrazones of xanthone and thiaxanthone, respectively, together wit...


RICHARD SCHWAB and his colleagues at UC Davis have been . exceptionally generous in the past several years in sharing with me their important data on the metallic elements in the inks of the 42-line or Gutenberg Bible (B42). Even from the early stages of their investiga tion it was apparent that changes in the quantities of copper and lead, and in the ratio of copper to lead, could shed light, from a surprising and even startling new angle, on a distinctive pattern of production in the B42 workshop. Already by 1900 Paul Schwenke had postulated that B42 was produced according to a complex and carefully meditated pat tern of concurrent composition, using divided copy. The basis of Schwenke's argument was the correlation between the Bible's distinct compositorial units, and the distribution of paper stocks, which showed a chronologically evolving pattern of use. Evidence of typographical de velopment in B42's typecases, particularly in their early stages, provided a secondary corroboration of this analysis. Furthermore, the decision to increase the edition size of the Bible, requiring resetting of already worked-off pages, made itself evident at different points in four separate units of the text. The relative placement within their units of the "in crease points" provided a very useful calibrating mark, suggesting that the four units had been begun at different times, but that once each


In this study, we examine the prevalence of income and career concerns among emerging adults in three different welfare states during COVID-19: Finland (n = 309), Sweden (n = 324), and the United Kingdom (n = 343). This study also delves into how factors such as one's self-perceived financial situation, generalized mistrust, loneliness and socio-demographics are related to emerging adults' income and career concerns. Results showed that individuals from the United Kingdom were more likely to experience increased income and career concerns than those in Finland and Sweden. Our results also suggest that income concerns were associated with one's current financial situation, future financial situation, childhood financial situation, and loneliness. Also, career concerns were related to generalized mistrust, loneliness, and age. For both country-specific and general analyses, loneliness emerged as the most important for increased income and career concerns for emerging adults in all three countries.


Severe plastic deformation is one of the emerging and promising techniques applied to bulk materials to produce fine grain structure with attractive properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of extrusion parameters like extrusion temperature, number of passes on the equal channel angular pressing and twist extrusion forming behavior of AA7075-T6 Aluminum alloy by hot extrusion process. AA7075-T6 samples of 70x28x18 mm cross sections extruded by equal channel angular pressing and twist extrusion process was subjected to microstructure analysis, hardness and tensile tests in order to determine their mechanical properties. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that twist extrusion leads to more grain refinement at high temperatures with more number of passes compared to equal channel angular pressing. SEM micrographs show that there is severe orientation of the grains facilitated by the extrusion process which enhances the strength. The dense banding of the grains had effected in marginal hardness enhancement in the matrix of the specimens processed by twist extrusion and equal channel angular extrusion process.


When two or more arms are holding a single object, one or more closed loops are formed by the arms. Such a configuration can be considered as a constrained multibody system. The dynamic analysis of constrained multibody systems can be obtained based on Kane's equations. The governing equations are formulated using orthogonal complement arrays. Numerical integration then leads to the simulation of the movement of the system. As an example, a two-arm robot system is considered using these procedures. The analysis is tested using PUMA 760 and PUMA 562 robots. Excellent agreement is obtained between the theoretical and experimental results.<<ETX>>


As diabetes and obesity rates continue to climb at astronomical rates in the Middle East, future generations are at an even greater risk for diabetes and the associated complications. Many factors are at play and it is clear that creative solutions are needed to retool provider resources in the Middle East towards prevention of diabetes and its complications while leveraging technology to maximize outreach within the accepted cultural norms. Only by building the capacity to address the current diabetes burden as well focusing on prevention for the future, can Middle East countries create a strong infrastructure for a successful future.


The paper explores motives for being sperm donor, and relevant attitudes of potential sperm donors in Novi Pazar region of Serbia: willingness to donate to different categories of receivers, and importance of confession, ethnicity and education level of potential receivers to potential donors. Our results show that the strongest motive to donate is to help a childless couple, financial compensation is not important but reimbursements of travel expenses is; ethnicity, confession and education level of women who are recipients are not important for donation although most potential sperm donors prefer to donate to women with higher education level. These results may be used in making a good strategy for promoting sperm donors from this region of Serbia.


The authors derive a variationally accurate expression for the centre of mass z0( sigma ) of the induced charge density at a semi-infinite jellium metal in the presence of a static electric field. This expression generalises the 'displaced-profile change-in-self-consistent-field' (DP Delta SCF) expression of the work function and is shown to give good results with sample two-parameter trial profile for a wide range of electron densities and surface charges.


We now move on to a very interesting and powerful technique in combinatorics, called the probabilistic method. There is an excellent (really excellent!) textbook written by Noga Alon and Joel Spencer [AS16]. In fact, most materials that we will cover are from [AS16]. The method works as follows. Our goal is to prove the existence of certain object or structure with desired properties. We start by define an appropriate probability space and then show that the desired properties hold with strictly positive probability. We will illustrate the method by a result due to Erdős which is regarded as the initiation of the probabilistic method.


The optical Kerr effect of nanocomposites consisting of high refractive index (GaP) spheres is studied by means of three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations at the wavelength of 532~nm. The effective nonlinear refractive index of $0.8$~$\mu$m thick nanocomposites and metasurfaces is evaluated. It is shown that the optical Kerr nonlinearity of the nanocomposites rises by orders in proximity to Mie resonances and may exceed the second-order refractive index of the bulk material. The nonlinearity enhancement is more pronounced for the metasurfaces. The sign of the effective optical Kerr coefficient is inverted for some range of the sphere sizes above the magnetic dipole resonance.


ABSTRACT Asthma is a chronic inflammatory associated with airway cause symptoms such as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, especially at night or in the early days and it is reversible with or without treatment. Asthma gymnastic is one of the recommended exercise therapy to help the process of rehabilitation in patients with asthma. To determine the success rate, it is important to evaluate and monitor the effect of asthma gymnastic to lung fuction periodically, with Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) examination by using Peak Flow Meter before and after doing gymnastic. This was a cross sectional descriptive study using the total sampling technique to know the overview of PEFR in asthma patients that following asthma gymnastics in pekanbaru. . This research has 32 samples. Result showed that asthma patients who followed gymnastics asma were in the age group 41-50 years old (37,5%), most commonly happened in female (75%), most common had not comorbidities (53,12%), most common patients had a family history of asthma (62,5%), the length of time following asthma gymnastics was the most ≥3 month (59,37%). The degree was the (37,5%). Assessment of asthma control was the most good controlled asthma (46,87%). Assesment of PEFR was the most low obstructive (43,75%). Key word : asthma, asthma gymnastic, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)


The development of world civilization are increasingly berkembangan towards modernisasi.Perkembangan which always brings changes in every facet of life seem more nyata.Seiring with that also forms of crime are also constantly keep abreast of the times and transformed into forms that increasingly sophisticated and diverse.Drugs (narcotics, psychotropic, and Drugs) is a term of law enforcement and masyarakat.Narkoba called dangerous, because it is not safe to use manusia.Oleh therefore, use, production, and circulation is regulated in the law undang.Barang who use and distribute outside provisions of the law, subject to criminal sanctions of imprisonment and fines. Because of the danger of dependency, use, and distribution of drugs regulated by law, namely Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics.Based on the above to know what are the factors that cause crime drug abuse among students in the jurisdiction of the National Narcotics Agency Pekanbaru, What are the obstacles that dihadapin by the National Narcotics Agency Pekanbaru against the crime of drug abuse by students in the city of Pekanbaru, the efforts undertaken by national agencies na rkotika city of Pekanbaru in tackling criminal acts of drug abuse by students in the city of Pekanbaru.Terms of the method used, this research can be classified into types of juridical sociological research, which means reviewing the state of the existing problems in the field in associate with aspects applicable laws and governing problems tersebut.Karena in this study the authors directly conduct research on location or place which ditrliti to provide complete and clear picture of the problem under study.In general, there are several factors that led to the occurrence of a crime, the first is a factor that comes or there from the perpetrator that means that that predispose a person to commit a crime that arises from within the actors themselves were based on heredity and psychological (mental illness ). The second factor is the factors that are beyond the offender is a factor of households and the environment, While it has been given the authority in the enforcement of an issue of drugs, but in the prevention, combating abuse and illicit drug trafficking in the city of Pekanbaru still encounter obstacles in Caused by a variety of factorsKeywords: Prevention, Abuse, Drugs, Student


Objective: The aims of this study were to obtain the optimum condition for mycolic acids (MAs) analysis by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization detector (GC-FID) after MAs esterification using methanolic-BF3 as a catalyst and identify of MAs fragments of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB). Methods: The MAs of inactivated MTB were extracted with chloroform prior to esterification using methanolic-BF3 as a catalyst in 0.5N methanolic NaOH. MA fragments were extracted with heptane prior to injection into GC-FID. Results: Optimum esterification process was obtained by adding 1.0 ml of 0.5 N methanolic NaOH and 1.0 ml 14% BF3 in methanol before heated at 95oC for 1 hour in waterbath. Operational conditions of GC were as follow, inlet and FID temperatures were 285oC, flow rate of carrier gas was 1 ml/minute, the injection volume was 2 L with split less mode, the HP-5 capillary column temperature was started at 200oC for 1 minute, increased 5oC/minute to 275oC, maintained at 275oC for 9 minute, increased 5o/minute to 300oC, and finally maintained at 300oC for 30 minutes. Conclusion: The proposed method can be used for identification of MAs in H37Rv strain and MTB strain isolated from tuberculosis patient. Specific retention time of MAs fragments were 12.43; 13.67 and 15.06 minute respectively.


The training method and requirement on leg beat action made it to be further strengthened in this paper. In order to improve the knock effect and win instead of lose at disadvantage condition and catch the opportunity, the unwanted and transform of technical movement should be corrected in time.


The invention discloses a secondary welding mould of an excavator boom body. The mould comprises ways of accurate location of a boom body lower supporting plate assembly, an upper supporting plate assembly, a boom side as well as the front and the back ends of the boom body. The middle of the boom body is supported and fixed by an upper supporting plate regulating mechanism, an upper supporting plate locating assembly, a side locating assembly and a lower supporting plate locating assembly. The back end of the boom body is supported and pressed by a back end locating assembly, and the front end of the boom body is supported and fixed by a front end locating assembly. The welding mould ensures that the distance error of relevant hinge points of the excavator boom body is smaller than +/-1.5mm by utilizing a right angled triangle principle. The welding mould provided by the invention has the advantages of rapidness in location and reliable quality of welded products, can control the distance error of the relevant hinge points of a blank welded with the excavator boom body to be smaller than +/-1.5mm, and can be widely applied to the welding field of the excavator boom body.


We present a method for implementing temperature extrapolation in Implicit Monte Carlo solutions to radiation hydrodynamics problems. The method is based on a BDF-2 type integration to estimate a change in material temperature over a time step. We present results for radiation only problems in an infinite medium and for a 2-D Cartesian hohlraum problem. Additionally, radiation hydrodynamics simulations are presented for an RZ hohlraum problem and a related 3D problem. Our results indicate that improvements in noise and general behavior are possible. We present considerations for future investigations and implementations. (authors)


Play in humans, especially in human children, has been written about extensively by psychologists and anthropologists. Play forms are primarily exercise play, rough-and-tumble play, object play, pretend and sociodramatic play. Play behavior can take up an appreciable part of the time budget. There is a spectrum of views on the importance of play in human development, amongst theorists and amongst human societies generally. Different views can be found both historically and cross-culturally, from Spencer's (1898) description of play as "superfluous and useless exercise", through to Gaskins, Haight and Lancy (2007), who describe three types of societies with differing prevailing attitudes to play, which they call 'culturally cultivated play', 'culturally accepted play', and 'culturally curtailed play'. The 'play ethos' (Smith, 1988), or "the realisation that play is essential for normal development has slowly but surely permeated our cultural heritage" (Department of Environment Report, UK, 1973), has greatly influenced the value put on play in much of modern western society, and on the way research has been carried out and reported. I review the history of views on play, and the evidence for developmental functions, as regards various types of children's play. The evidence comes mainly from anthropological studies, correlational studies, and experimental studies. Three models will be tested against the evidence: that play is epiphenomenal, shows equifinality, or is essential for development. .


________________________________ Introduction _______________________________ Temperature effects through viscosity changes Effect on thickness of the laminar sublayer Effect on vertical distribution of suspended sediTheoretical equation for vertical distribution. __ Relation of fall velocity to temperature _ _____ Computed temperature effects on bed-material dis charge ________________________________ Page Gl 1 2 2 3 3 5 Page Temperature effects througn viscosity changes Con. Effect on bed configuration___________--____-_-_G7 Field streams_______--_-___------_-----__ Flume flows._______---_-_--_-------__----_Overall temperature effects on bed-material discharge Differences between flume flows and field streams. __ Roughly defined effect for field streams.___________ Effect of concentration of fine sediment._______________ Conclusions.________--_-__----_----_-__-----------References _______________-------____--_---_--------


Abstract Background Frontal and temporal lobes abnormalities are often reported in schizophrenia. In the present study, we tested whether or not these abnormalities exist in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), and whether they distinguish between those CHR who convert to psychosis versus those who do not convert to psychosis at one year. We analyzed both cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) given the fact that CT and SA develop along different developmental genetically mediated pathways. Since CHR individuals also experience a deterioration of cognitive functions and sub-threshold psychotic symptoms, we also explored the relationship between cognition and symptomatology and the two brain regions. Methods Magnetic resonance images, clinical and cognitive data were acquired in 130 CHR who did not convert to psychosis (CHR-NC), 22 CHR who converted to psychosis (CHR-C) and 92 healthy controls (HC) at the Shanghai Mental Health Center, in Shanghai, China, who were tested as part of a NIH funded China and Harvard Medical School collaboration. An internal pipeline developed at the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (PNL), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, was used to process the scans. The pipeline includes several quality control steps and FreeSurfer 5.3 (FS) processing, the latter modified to include an automated PNL developed masking methodology, the MABS. FS output was 9 temporal and 11 frontal regions in the left and right hemisphere. All data were Z-scored to the mean and standard deviation of HC. Gender and group differences were investigated using multivariate analyses, and Spearman's correlations were employed to investigate the relationship between brain measures and cognitive and clinical measures. Results SA analysis of the frontal and temporal lobes showed no significant differences among the three groups, while specific and significant group differences were found in CT. More specifically, for the temporal lobe a main effect of Group (p=0.021) and a significant interaction of Region x Group (p=0.01) were found. Post hoc analyses showed that CT of Heschl's gyrus and of the posterior region of the superior temporal sulcus distinguished CHR-C from CHR-NC (p=0.027) and from NC (p=0.002), with CT of CHR <CHR-NC=NC. For the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) CT was also significantly smaller in CHR-C than in NC (p=0.004) and at trend level in CHR-NC (p=0.098). With respect to the frontal lobe, no significant main effect of Group was found but a significant region X Group interaction was identified. Post hoc analyses showed smaller CT of the pars triangularis in CHR-C with CHR-C<CHR-NC (p=0.02) and NC (p=0.012). The CT of the pars opercularis was smaller in CHR-C compared to NC (p=0.036). In CHR-C, the CT of MTG was significantly and positively correlated with the Verbal Learning test and with the Hopkins Verbal Learning test (rho= 0.64; p=0.002), with strength of correlation decreasing with task repetition. Further CT of MTG was correlated with the Brief Visual Memory Test (rho=0.6, p=0.004). A significant and positive correlation was also found between CT of the pars opercularis (rho=0.7; p=0.002) and the Brief Visual Memory test. The same correlation was also present with the pars triangularis. None of these correlations were present in NC or CHR-NC. Discussion These results indicate that specific CT abnormalities in circumscribed areas of the frontal and temporal lobes at baseline distinguish between CHR individuals who convert to psychosis versus those who do not at one-year follow-up. The brain regions involved belong to language circuits and their CT abnormalities correlate with verbal learning suggesting that these brain circuits are among the first affected by processes leading to frank psychosis.


electrolysis is an established chemical process that has been used in industry for many years. The interest of using electrolysis for other purposes than industry is present, but execution of its implementation in the system is behind. This has to change, as the need for electricity storage is increasing with higher shares of intermittent renewable energy in the system. Storing electrons into chemical energy via electrolysis opens door to cheaper ways of energy storage than direct electricity storage or heat storage. In order to meet the targets for 100% renewable energy in 2050, and to follow the energy system planning projections conducted that include electrolysis as an important part of the future energy system, Denmark needs to start implementing electrolyser capacities in the energy system. The roadmap divided into 4 phases based on stakeholders' inputs, previous studies on technologies and literature review, gives a set of different activities and measures that needs to be taken to speed up the implementation of electrolysis. Profiling Denmark as an important actor in the electrolysis and electrofuel production is a logical step as country can serve as a test centre for renewable integration and balancing technologies due to already high share of renewables. four phases: , , implementation and Large-scale implementation . The roadmap looks into different activities, measures and incentives that implemented order the implementation of electrolysis. These include demonstration, regulatory measures, technology improvements and needed research.


Abstract This paper offers a model for the interpretation of stories as referential scenes in narrative discourses as joint attentional scenes (see Tomasello 1999). It is proposed that narrative interpretation crucially builds on the context-dependent processing of the physical, social, and mental worlds presented by the narrative, pertaining to spatio-temporal relations, interpersonal relations, and the mental states of participants, respectively (see Tátrai 2010a; cf. Verschueren 1999). Set against the background of social cognitive linguistics (cf. Sinha 1999; Croft 2009), the model has a strong pragmatic orientation with its focus on the role of two context-dependent vantage points in the generation of a discourse universe (see Sanders and Spooren 1997). The first is the referential center that forms the basis of the situative grounding of the narrative's spatio-temporal and interpersonal relations. Second, the subject of consciousness plays a fundamental role in providing access to the mental processes of participants. The paper demonstrates the model's applicability by a pragmatic analysis of "That Will Be Fine" by William Faulkner.


In a manufacturing company, a method to regulate the production scheduling system is urgently needed to anticipate our needs for the future. Production schedule planning using methods make to order is an appropriate method to deal with the calculation of production time requirements, materials, use of machinery and man power in order to achieve an effective job in the company. The design of this production schedule planning applications using make to order to suit the needs of computation time jobs working environment needs PPIC (Product Planning and Inventory Control) in a company manufacturing textile or garment according to the classification.


Little is known on the phenotypic characteristics of stem cells (SCs) after they are transplanted to the myocardium, in part due to lack of noninvasive platforms to study SCs directly in the living subject. Reporter gene imaging has played a valuable role in the noninvasive assessment of cell fate in vivo. In this study, we validated a pathway‐specific reporter gene that can be used to noninvasively image the phenotype of SCs transplanted to the myocardium. Rat mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) were studied for phenotypic evidence of myogenic characteristics under in vitro conditions. After markers of myogenic characteristics were identified, we constructed a reporter gene sensor, comprising the firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene driven by the troponin T (TnT) promoter (cardio MSCs had threefold expression in polymerase chain reaction compared to control MSCs) using a two‐step signal amplification strategy. MSCs transfected with TnT‐Fluc were studied and validated under in vitro conditions, showing a strong signal after MSCs acquired myogenic characteristics. Lastly, we observed that cardio MSCs had higher expression of the reporter sensor compared to control cells (0.005 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0025 ± 0.0008 Tnt‐Fluc/ubiquitin‐Fluc, P < .05), and that this novel sensor can detect the change in the phenotype of MSCs directly in the living subject. Pathway‐specific reporter gene imaging allows assessment of changes in the phenotype of MSCs after delivery to the ischemic myocardium, providing important information on the phenotype of these cells. Imaging sensors like the one described here are critical to better understanding of the changes that SCs undergo after transplantation.


A fully coupled valence bond perturbation theory (CVB-PT) of nuclear spin-spin coupling in HD is presented. The calculated coupling constant, J/sub HD/ = 42.3 Hz, agrees much better with experiment than the corresponding Hartree--Fock value. 1 table.


Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases or the like is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. Polyubiquitin chains, in which the C-terminus and a lysine side chain of successive ubiquitin molecules are linked by an isopeptide bond, function to target substrate proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Chains of at least four ubiquitin moieties appear to be required for ef®cient recognition by the 26S proteasome, although the conformations of the polyubiquitin chains recognized by the proteasome or by other enzymes involved in ubiquitin metabolism are currently unknown. A new crystal form of tetraubiquitin, which has two possible chain connectivities that are indistinguishable in the crystal, is reported. In one possible connectivity, the tetraubiquitin chain is extended and packs closely against the antiparallel neighbor chain in the crystal to conceal a hydrophobic surface implicated in 26S proteasome recognition. In the second possibility, the tetra-ubiqutitin forms a closed compact structure, in which that same hydrophobic surface is buried. Both of these conformations are quite unlike the structure of tetraubiquitin that was previously determined in a different crystal form [Cook et al. The new structure suggests that polyubiquitin chains may possess a substantially greater degree of conformational ¯exibility than has previously been appreciated.


This month's Column Watch is the first of a two-part series in which Ron Majors examines the trends in column introductions at Pittcon 2002. In part I, he describes high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns and packings for reversed-, normal-, and bonded-phase; ionexchange; ion; size-exclusion; and large- and preparative-scale chromatography. He also looks at specialty HPLC columns.


Experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the biocompatibility of keratoprostheses made of aluminum oxide ceramic (corundum). Poor results were obtained in cases where the prosthesis was exteriorized through the lid, leading to loosening and extrusion. An analysis of the problem indicated that the most likely cause is the continuous movement of the eye behind the lid. This resulted in constant stresses and shifts of interface between the plate and the adjoining tissues. Modifications in the size of the retaining plate or in the contour of the plate surface failed to improve the retention rate. We feel that improved stability of this implant can be obtained by reducing the diameter of the retaining plate while making modifications in the surgical technique to eliminate the shearing movements of the lid.


There are usually two lines of critiques for Augustine's theology of sexuality and marriage. The first group often claims that Augustine is being impersonal in that marriage becomes a tool for producing offspring instead of mutual enjoyment. The other critiques complain that Augustine's view of sexuality is overall pessimistic and sin-bound; the sexual desire is like a time bomb for sin and evil actions. While on surface these critiques have some valid points, as we will see below, they often miss taking a careful examination of Augustine's text and understanding him fully and correctly. It is thus the intent of this paper to respond to these critiques by putting Augustine's words on sexuality and marriage in the proper context, and at the end provide affirmation for Augustine's contribution, or potential contribution, to modern theology of sexuality and marriage. I shall first provide the historical context of the theological stance of Augustine, who stood against both the thought of both the Manicheans and the Pelagians.


The purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) in inhibiting the proliferative response of the endometrium in women with breast cancer who are treated with tamoxifen.


The opening of high-speed railway has a positive effect on the economic growth. While whether the effect can be shared by everyone equally is unknown. Especially, the research about the impact of high-speed railway on the urban and rural income distribution is still insufficient. This paper uses the spatial econometric model to test the influence of high-speed railway on urban-rural income gap through provincial panel data between 2004 and 2015 in China. It is found that, high-speed railway can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. And further analysis shows that high-speed railway can not only significantly improve the urban residents' income, but also can improve the income of rural residents, which is a Pareto improvement, and it can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas as a whole.


A study of fatigue cracking in iron-copper compacts was carried out to compare and analyse the performance of four different types of commercially used iron powders. The compacts were all sintered at above the iron copper peritectic temperature to facilitate liquid phase sintering. Results showed that the powder with a high specific surface had inferior fatigue properties, especially at high stress levels. The other powders, however, had very similar fatigue properties, except that at low stresses the grade with the large average particle diameter resulted in significantly longer fatigue lives. The differences in performance were discussed in terms of the microstructure of the compacts and the powder characteristics.


The invention relates to Bi2O3-TeO2-SiO2-WO3-series glass. The invention aims to obtain the which can be used for flowability of a burning-through method and can restrain n-type silicon layer corrosion as a conductive paste for forming an electrode of a crystal Si solar cell. The Bi2O3-TeO2-SiO2-WO3-series glass is characterized in that Bi2O3, TeO2, SiO2 and WO3 are used as necessary components; and the glass comprises the following components by mass: 30-60% of Bi2O3, 1-40% of TeO2, 1-20% of SiO2 and 1-20% of WO3.


was detected in 6.2%, 4.8%, and 0.5% in the urban inpatient, urban outpatient, and rural populations tested, respectively. Conclusions Toxigenic C. difficile is an important but neglected aetiologic cause of infective diarrhoea in Central India. The higher prevalence within the urban inpatient setting likely reflects greater exposure to antibiotics and hospitalisation. Our findings underscore the need to enhance awareness of and testing of patients with diarrhoea in India, particularly in high-risk individuals with recent or ongoing antibiotic exposure or hospitalisation. higher proportion of diarrhoeal samples tested positive to Campylobacter (12%) compared to the non-diarrhoeal control group (5%). Unlike the diarrhoeal samples, no control samples yielded positivity to Vibrio cholerae , Cyclospora cayetanensis , Astrovirus, Rotavirus A or Sapovirus Conclusions Detection of high levels of polymicrobial enteric infections are prevalent in Central Indian symptomatic and asymptomatic populations . E. coli pathotypes predominate in both urban and rural settings. Further studies are required to understand the clinical significance of these mixed infections, as well as how best to manage them.


The production of domestic savings and the amplification of the productive investment are the conditions to reach and to maintain rates of economical growth compatible with social development. The pension funds, with the available resources to invest, make possible to leverage the development of a nation, as they channel these resources for the country's productive sector. At this perspective, this study intends to analyze the performance of the investments in variable income of these funds, here considered productive investments, through the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This model is predisponent to explain the behavior of the prices of the titles and to supply mechanisms of evaluation of the investment accomplished - in relation to the risk and return of the portfolio. Starting from the proposed methodology, it was verified that the investments in stocks incurred in superior returns than the expected ones, generating, by one hand, a larger aggregated value to the fund, and by the other, an increment of the intern savings of the country, backed by the application of resources in the productive section.


Musical sounds, but specifically vocal sound, as the product of singers' singing technique, are one of the most important components of societal linkage to music. If we consider that making music is essentially a cultural behavior, one can argue that the style of music practiced and sound produced will be peculiar to each society. In the field of singing, which of parameters are used and how they are used by the singers will determine the quality of vocal sound produced, and these parameters are shaped by societal factors. We can exemplify the relation between singer's vocal sound produced through his/her techniques and cultural context of this sound with the changes occurred in opera singing style at the end of the first half of the nineteenth century. The transformations happened in social and political fields that begun some time ago and accelerated thoroughly from now the beginning of nineteenth century has also created changes toward the realism in opera librettos. This change toward realism in conclusion has leaded to need of differentiation in the dynamics applied by singers, including registers. This process configured by social requirements, have bring the changes in sound quality and techniques produce this quality that has been used for two century by opera singers.


Car pooling is potentially a highly cost-effective technique for increasing the utilization of existing streets and highways, especially during the peak times of travel to and from work. The benefits of increased ride sharing are energy conservation, reduced pollution, diminished need for newhighways and parking facilities, and lower cost for the commuter. Although the concept is simple and the benefits obvious, car pooling has not achieved its potential and has not contributed significantly as a transportation systems management technique. This report describes methods and techniques that, if used, could result in an increase in the use of car pools in Virginia. Two approaches are described. The first employs those methods that serve as an incentive for persons to form car pools. Among these are incentives such as pr.eferential use of street and highway facilities, parking privileges, etc. The second involves methods that assist people in the formation of car pools. Among these are market segmentation, community car pool coordinators, and computer matching. The report also stresses the importance of management and government's commitment to the establishment of car pool programs. Without strong policy direction, the provision of incentives, and/or commuter assistance, programs are not likely to succeed. Thus, this report is intended as a guide to policy and decision makers where a commitment to car pool programs exists.


The calculated effect of combined distortion on the engine stability shows that the critical values of pressure and temperature distortion are 8.82% and 8.60% respectively.The pressure distortion coefficient of the fan is 2.608 and the temperature distortion coefficient of the compressor is 2.442.The magnitude of pressure distortion and temperature distortion determines the severity of the combined distortion effect on the fan or compressor stability.When the relative peak intensity of distortion appears at the fan section,the fan falls into instability first,otherwise the compressor does.The effect of the combined distortion on engine stability can't be calculated by superposing the effect of the pressure distortion to the temperature distortion simply,but in a complex nonlinear manner.


The basic theory of FSW was introduced.The following aspects of FSW to several commonly used casting magnesium alloys were summarized:process factors on weld formation,microstructure of joints,microhardness and yield strength,tensile strength of joint compared with the base metal,weld fracture location and fracture style.And at last the limitation of FSW in casting magnesium alloy was reviewed.


This thesis project was developed around the study and the analysis of the creep behavior on an adhesively bonded single lap Joint, and on the adhesive Sikaflex – 252 that was used in the joints. Using the Time-Temperature Superposition principle it was possible to develop the creep compliance master curve for this single lap joint. First, the creep compliance master curves for the single lap joint and the adhesive were compared in order to find a relation of the creep behavior between the single lap joint and the adhesive Sikaflex-252. Second, a Burgers viscoelastic model was used to model the primary and secondary regions of the creep behavior for the adhesive Sikaflex-252. Finally, a linear relation was found between the elastic modulus and the rigid modulus of the adhesive, which led to find a relation of the creep behavior between the single lap joint and the adhesive. Moreover, the Burgers model showed to be capable of modeling the primary and secondary regions of the creep behavior for the adhesive Sikaflex-252. Lastly, it was shown that it is possible to predict the creep behavior of the adhesive on an application as a single lap joint. Predicting the creep behavior on adhesively bonded joints is important in automobile, aeronautic and construction industries, etc., in order to determine accurately the lifespan of the components that use this sort of adhesively bonded joints.


4-6 months [3]. As the overall survival of cancer patients shows significant improvement in recent years, due to evolving therapies, SBRT could be a better option with applying ablative dose and provide better local control (LC) as well as improved pain response. Response assessment includes clinical presentation of BMs, alterations of biochemical markers like prostate specific antigen (PSA) or changes on different imaging modalities. Furthermore, radiological assessment after SBRT is challenging and there are only few reports addressing this topic. Recently, we have reported SBRT of sternal metastases using skin surface fiducial markers [4]. In the current study, we report about five cases with sternal metastases from different malignancies and describe the radiological changes after SBRT on imaging modalities. Furthermore, we provide a mini review of the literature for each case, addressing the behavior of BMs and their response to RT.


Introduction: Many histopathological parameters in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) have been identified as predictive factors. Certain tumor-related factors increase the risk of nodal metastasis, and many pathological factors affect survival. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify that tumor-related histopathological prognostic factors that can predict recurrence and potentially influence the decision for adjuvant radiotherapy in early stage OTSCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients who underwent surgery for early stage OTSCC (stage I, II) from 2007 to 2013 were selected. Demographic and clinical details were retrieved. Histopathological reports were reviewed for the following parameters-Margin status (close <5 mm, positive - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], carcinoma in situ, marked dysplasia), microscopic depth of invasion, skeletal muscle infiltration (SMI), tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of recurrence were identified using Univariate analysis. Results: Median follow-up was 22 months (range, 5-89 months), the overall survival and RFS were 88% and 81% respectively. The recurrence rate was 19.5% during this time period. The only significant predictor of recurrence in pathologically early stage OTSCC was SMI (P = 0.003) on univariate analysis. Eighty-seven percentage of the recurrences in our study occurred within the 1 st year, with a disease specific mortality rate of 12.5%. Conclusion: In early stage OTSCC, Failure occurred predominantly in patients who had SMI.


The present invention provides the use of resources for transmitting bits, the transmission system and method for a MBMS notification indication information, the network side for the MCCH carrying MCCH MCCH assigned according to the maximum number of available resources and cell pager mode support indication modification indication of signaling, and arrangement of each MCCH modification indication map information on a paging indication signaling; when the MBMS paging information issued by the network side corresponding to the MCCH carrying MCCH configuration modification indication. According to the present invention, there may be applied a plurality of scenes of the MCCH in the cell, and is not affected by changes in the number of MCCH. Simple, the terminal only according to the corresponding MCCH modification MCCH indicating their interest is determined whether the contents of the MCCH is changed.


A selective, sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated as per FDA regulatory guideline for the simultaneous quantitation of colchicine and febuxostat in rat plasma. From the rat plasma, colchicine and febuxostat were extracted using 10% tert-butyl methyl ether in ethyl acetate using colchicine-d6 as an internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation of colchicine, febuxostat and the IS was achieved using an isocratic a mobile phase [comprising of 5 mM ammonium formate with and 0.025% formic acid in acetonitrile (20:80, v/v)] the separation of colchicine, febuxostat and the IS was achieved in isocratic mode on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column. The injection volume and flow-rate were 5.0 μL and 0.9 mL/min, respectively. Colchicine and febuxostat were detected by positive electro-spray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring using transition pair (Q1→Q3) of m/z 400.10→358.10, 317.05→ 261.00, respectively. The assay was linear in the range of 0.25-254 and 2.60-622 ng/mL for colchicine and febuxostat, respectively. The inter- and intra-day precision values ranged between 0.58-13.0% and 1.03-4.88% for colchicine and febuxostat, respectively. No matrix and carryover effects were observed during the validation. Both analytes were stable on bench-top, in auto-sampler and storage (freeze-thaw cycles and long-term storage at -80°C) conditions. A pharmacokinetic study in rats was done to show the applicability of the validated method.


The invention discloses a novel coding and decoding method and system of a three-dimensional broadcast television. On condition that any information can not be lost, two-way data signals of a high-definition broadcast television from the left eye and the right eye can be synthesized into a continuous data sequence in a synthesizer, the synthesized data sequence can be sent to a compression circuit for compressing and the compressed data sequence can be transmitted to a receiving end through a transmission device. The invention provides an overall system which can generate, synthesize, compress, transmit, receive, decode, decompress and separate the image data of the left eye and the right eye without any loss of the information data of the left eye and the right eye, so the three-dimensional television broadcast can realize full high-definition images of the left eye and the right eye, and the receiving end has full display-mode selective potential.


Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a strategic way of improving decision‐making and delivering an ecosystem approach to managing human activities in the marine environment. Notwithstanding the central role of human agency in these approaches, it is recognised that many times marine management has not been effective in part due to a failure to use all available sources of information and knowledge, particularly the local knowledge of the resources' users. The transboundary Grenadine Islands, which rely heavily on the marine environment for livelihoods, provide an example of a complex system where there is a high diversity of uses and all available information is needed for effective management. We illustrate how a participatory GIS approach can be applied as a sound basis for practically incorporating an ecosystem approach within marine spatial planning initiatives. Key benefits include effective data management, increased spatial understanding and the definition of critical areas across the Grenada Bank. We found the application of a PGIS approach to support spatially‐based ecosystem‐level analyses of the Grenada Bank to be conducted and presented in ways that could be expected to increase stakeholder understanding of information generated thus supporting marine governance.


The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia has prompted the government to issue policies that support the prevention of the spread of the Covid-19 virus. This policy affects all age groups including children because this situation requires children to play and learn from home. Limited space for interaction and exploration in children can affect children's development, especially in preschool-aged children who are experiencing rapid development. The purpose of this research is to identify the description of development of preschool children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used is a descriptive survey with a cross-sectional approach. The instrument used was a developmental pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP). This research involved a number of 159 preschool-aged children in the Srondol Wetan Public Health Center, Semarang City. The results showed that at most the development of children was normal in 108 (67.9%) children, doubtful in 39 (24.5%) children, and possible deviations in 12 (7.5%) children. The most failed question items were in the social and independence sectors, especially in the age range of 42, 48, 54, 60, and 66 months. Parents should monitor and provide developmental stimulation according to the child's developmental stage.


Red oak borer adults used in this evaluation were reared on an artificial diet in the laboratory. Treatments were made by dipping the distal half of abdomens of 7-day-old sexually mature male and female adults (treatments 1 and 2) and 1-day-old immature female adults (treatment 3) for 10 s in a 10 mg/ml technical grade dimilin/acetone solution. Controls were 7-day-old sexually mature male and female adults treated with acetone only (treatment 4). Treated 1-day-old beetles were held for 6 days to allow sexual maturation before mating to untreated males. There were 3 replications of each treatment of 10 beetles, except treatment 3, which was replicated twice. All life stages were kept at 30°C in a dark room.


To the Editor. —Dr Lommatzsch 1 ends his abstract in the MayArchiveswith this surprising statement: "The survival rate of 85.1% after five years is substantially higher than that for patients who were primarily treated with enucleation." One should expect that such a statement is based on similar reliable follow-up data of all treated patients, as all statistics on the survival rate after primary enucleation have been based. However, Dr Lommatzsch has founded his statement on a calculated survival rate using the life-table method. Only 81 of 205 treated patients ( The questionable accuracy on which the reported results are based appears from the following puzzling data and statements: "treated successfully" are "those patients whose tumors... had shrunk to a still appreciable grayish or black mass with scarring of


The causes of extended detention in criminal cases in China mainly lie in the insufficiency of law enforcement idea,system and legislation.Extended detention not only infringes people's legitimate rights and interests,obstructs the increase of criminal procedure efficiency,but also affects the image of public security organs and judicial administrative organs.The countermeasures to solve the problem of extended detention are:to set up a notification program of extended detention and a review procedure for confirming the necessity of extended detention,to perfect the measures of awaiting trial on bail,to set up one system for both arresting and lawsuit;to enforce the obtainment of evidence and investigation activities,to draft and complete accountability system of extended detention,to perfect the system of requesting instructions and submitting reports as well as cooperation mechanism among departments.


The invention relates to a method used for sp synthesis of phenolic resin. A synthesis method for thermoplastic phenolic resin of high molecular weight is characterized in that the invention comprises four following steps: 1) the selection of raw materials: the weight portion of each raw materials: water: 50 to 250, phenol: 90 to 160, formaldehyde liquid: 60 to 120, hexamethylene tetramine:15 to 35, gum Arabic powder: 3 to 10, aluminum oxide powder:2 to 8, the mass concentration of the formaldehyde liquid is 37 percents. 2) some water, the phenol and the formaldehyde liquid are taken and added to a stirring reaction vessel, and the reaction time is ranging from three hours to five hours after adjusting pH value to 2 to 5 and increasing the temperature to 85 DEG C to 95 DEG C. 3) some gum Arabic powder and some hexamethylene tetramine are uniformly mixed, the remained gum Arabic powder and the aluminum oxide powder are added after the reaction time ranging from a half hour to one and ahalf hours and uniformly mixed with the water, and the remained hexamethylene tetramine is dissolved in the some water and is added into the reaction vessel after five minutes to 30 minutes, the heating is stopped after the reaction time ranging from 25 minutes to 40 minutes, and the temperature of a reactor is decreased to the room temperature. 4) the product is obtained after water washing, filtering and drying. The product obtained by the synthesis method has the advantages of high molecular weight, high heat-resistance, high toughness; the technique is simple and the cost is low.


This thesis uses the method of documentation,Questionnaire survey,Interviewing,Mathematic statistics.etc,studies the current situation of management,nature,social effect of QQ physical entertainment community.It analyzes the main influencing factors of QQ physical entertainment community,and from the power mechanism of form and development belongs to QQ physical entertainment community,parses this new kind of physical community that brings variety kinds of opportunities for our social physical enterprise.The result of the research show that : QQ physical entertainment community is influenced and restricted by three factors which are individual(citizen's spare time,educational level,personal income,demand for physical activities),society(the level of economic development and the development planning of physical,legislation of policy,and the degree of physical socialization,social environment and local traditional customs.),the last is self-building(clear objectives,cooperation intention,well communication,sound rules and regulations,the right for independent,perfect management,the role of "leader" and degree of participation of netizen).It can effectively control and improve the incidence of our network disease and improve netizen'physical quality,promote mental health.It will bring a new kind of career-Internet social physical instructor.


The majority of people in America's prisons are the parents of minor children. Incarcerated mothers, in particular, were likely to have been a part of their children's lives before their imprisonment, and most will soon be returning to the community and to their children. Research has shown that it is in the best interests of the mothers and the children to maintain a relationship across the prison bars. In this article, we use the example of New York State to show how institutional policies and structures can impede or encourage efforts to maintain ties between women and their children and why demonstrating support for family ties must extend well beyond having visiting hours.


In the field of image processing, with the amount of image data increasing quickly, the development of computer hardware can't meet the need of image processing. For the need of processing and displaying mass data image quickly, dada block, image pyramid and cache technology are put forward in this paper.


Materials scientists and engineers desire to have an impact. In this Progress Report we postulate a close correlation between impact – whether academic, technological, or scientific – and simple solutions, here defined as solutions that are inexpensive, reliable, predictable, highly performing, "stackable" (i.e., they can be combined and compounded with little increase in complexity), and "hackable" (i.e., they can be easily modified and optimized). In light of examples and our own experience, we propose how impact can be pursued systematically in materials research through a simplicity‐driven approach to discovery‐driven or problem‐driven research.


An ultrastable Au nanocatalyst based on a heterostructured perovskite support with high surface area and uniform LaFeO3 nanocoatings was successfully synthesized and tested for CO oxidation. Strikingly, small Au nanoparticles (4–6 nm) are obtained after calcination in air at 700 °C and under reaction conditions. The designed Au catalyst not only possessed extreme sintering resistance but also showed high catalytic activity and stability because of the strong interfacial interaction between Au and the heterostructured perovskite support.


Press the mould for casting because production cycle is long, invest in largely, make precision high, so the fabrication cost is relatively high, so hope the mould has higher service life. Until rifle body mould feed inlet apt to erode, casting produce unsaturated appearing air vent, surface have water line, through feeding the rationalized improvement of position, smoking the slippery lump of core, cooling system, etc. to the rifle body mould, service life to improve mould, casting quality is improve obviously.


The data processing for the first countryside mineral rights field survey is on the basis of the relative data standards.It designed data model and function model for survey results.The information systems are implemented based on CAD、ArcGIS with using object-oriented programming language.The standards and systems are used throughout 31 provinces and 2800 counties,and achieved comprehensively the data collection and management of 150 thousand mineral rights,and formed a complete set of scientific data processing methods.It provides a model for similar projects and a good foundation of data for the subsequent data application.


Erlin Arista, 2019, 8223163540, "The Influence Of Product Quality On
Purchase Decision Smartphone Of Xiaomi (Survey on Customer Smartphone of
Xiaomi in Bekasi)". DIII Marketing Management. Faculty of Economics. State
University of Jakarta.
This research aims to: 1) know about the quality product of smartphone
Xiaomi 2) know about purchase decision of smartphone Xiaomi) analyze the
influence of product quality to purchase decision of smartphone Xiaomi. The
primary data were collected by questionnaires that was spreading to Smartphone
of Xiaomi's customers. The subject of this research are Bekasi Resident. The
sampling technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive
sampling method.
The author used SPSS program version 25 to process the data resource.
From the result of this research, known that product quality has influenced to
purchase decision. Which is showed by value of coefficient determination (r2) is
0,439 (43,9%) then it means that the rest is 0,561 (56,1%) explained by other
factors. In this research, also known that product quality have positive and
significant influence to purchase decision.
Keyword: Product Quality, Purchase Decision, Smartphone, Xiaomi


This book examines the role of the most important
institutions of the UN the Security Council and the
General Assembly, their capacity to combat terrorism
as well as the challenges that they face.It examines
the measures taken before 9/11 to combat terrorism
where it studies the importance of an agreed
definition,the criteria that should facilitate the
procedure of adopting a common definition and the
progress that has been made until present.It deals
with the Counter Terrorism Committee which was
established by Resolution 1373 and has the mandate
to assist states in implementing the adopted
antiterrorism measures. It looks at its challenges
and capabilities within the UN mandate.It critically
examines US foreign policy towards terrorism and its
effect on the counterterrorism UN strategy. The book
provides an academic analysis for the role of the UN
to prevent and react to terrorism within its present
framework and discuss the measures to be taken.
Addressing terrorism is an ongoing challenge within
an unsure future.It should shed some light on this
issue of International Relations and should be
useful for students or anyone else interested in the
field.


AIM To study the mechanism of adriamycin (ADR) loaded human serum albumin (HSA) immunonanoparticles HAb18 ADR HSA NP led by anti human hepatoma monoclonal antibodies HAb18. METHODS Internalization effects of HAb18 ADR HSA NP in human hepatoma cells SMMC 7721 were observed with laser confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The bindings and internalization of HAb18 ADR HSA NP with resistant variant of SMMC 7721 human hepatoma (SMMC 7721/MDR +) were observed with scanning electronic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Killing effects of HAb18 ADR HSA NP on SMMC 7721 and its resistant variant cells were determined using 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. RESULTS HAb18 ADR HSA NP has a internazliation in SMMC 7721 cells that relate to temperatures and has an antibody specific. Meanwhile HAb18 ADR HSA NP can bind with and internalize into SMMC 7721/MDR +, exert increased cytotoxicity to the MDR cells. CONCLUSION The mechanism of anti hepatoma effects of HAb18 ADR HSA NP is an internalization releasing drug and killing mechanism.


The molecular depth profiling of polymer by the electrospray droplet impact (EDI) has been performed. The multiply charged water droplets with kinetic energy of ∼106 eV were irradiated on the polystyrene spin coated on silicon wafer. With EDI etching, the ablation of the target is suppressed to a minimal, i.e. the shallow surface etching with nonrecognizable damage on the surface is realized. It was found that EDI/SIMS spectra and EDI/XPS spectra for polystyrene (PS) has shown no damage accumulation on the surface. This indicates that EDI is a unique technique for surface etching of polymer materials without causing any damage to the etched surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The technology of digital audio,accomplished by the multimedia computer,is widely used in music making by the advantage of making the imitative and then return original sound clear,mellow and full,bearing no mistakes and easing controlling the sound resources.They summarized the limitations of digital audio in practical use and raised some views to extend and develep it.


Abstract An application of a hybrid approach of the finite element method (FEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA) to a floorpan is presented. Modal analysis and frequency responses are implemented by FEM. The coupling loss factors employed in SEA are derived from the energy coefficient matrix based on FEM results. Appropriate substructuring configurations are investigated in an attempt to prevent the occurrence of negative and indirect coupling loss factors. Cross-examination analysis of various numbers of subsystems and damping levels are performed in order to assess different energy models. The issue of uncertainty in the high-frequency structural dynamics is also taken into account using Monte Carlo numerical calculations. The results of the hybrid approach are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.


Many practical problems can be formulated as graph-based semi-supervised classification problems. For example, online finance anti-fraud. Recently, many researchers attempt using deep learning methods to solve such problems. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture to perform semi-supervised classification on graph-structured data. We improve the graph convolutional network (GCN) by replacing the graph convolution matrix with auto-encoder module. The proposed neural network is trained by a multi-task objective function. Except the classification task, we train the auto-encoder module to reconstruct the graph convolution matrix. It can be seen as an adaptive spectral convolution on graph. It can increase the depth of neural network without causing over-smooth effect. Additionally, the introduction of reconstruction task can mitigate the cold-start problem. Even the graph topological structure is extreme sparse, our method can learn expressive latent features for vertices. The experimental results show that our method can achieve the state of art performance.


Submicrometere‐gate GaAs metal–semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) have been fabricated using focused ion beam (FIB) and electron‐beam lithography. The channels of these devices are composed of several high conductance implanted stripes of 1 μm width, connecting source to drain. These conductive stripes are formed by Si implantation using FIB and annealed for 30 s at 850 °C. The region between the conductive stripes are semi‐insulating GaAs having width of ''S.'' MESFETs with stripe width of 1 μm and stripe separation of 0.1, 1, and 2 μm were fabricated and characterized. The device with 0.1 μm separation represents the control sample with a uniformly doped channel due to overlap of conductive stripes upon the postimplant annealing. Devices with higher stripe separations showed higher effective transconductance (gm), lower output conductance (go), higher breakdown (Vbr), and higher current gain cut‐off frequency (fT). All transistor showed well behaved direct‐current output performance with e...


The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the cell cycle. There is a correlation between the Wnt/B–catenin signaling pathway and TME. This article reviews methods of inhibiting Wnt Pathway, a useful process in the treatment of various cancers. Compounds of Wnt/β–Catenin Signaling Pathway, such as TCF–1, have an impact on the differentiation and migration of CD8+ T cells. CCL4 expression is regulated by the beta–catenin protein to recruit CD103+ dendritic cells, which enables CD8+ T cell activation. Inhibition of the Wnt/β–catenin pathway has an impact on ovarian cancer patients' prognosis, reducing the development of ovarian cancer. Research shows that inhibition of the pathway with the use of the LGK974 inhibitor may boost immunity, especially when applied with a Paclitaxel mix. After treatment, expression of the inhibitory receptors CTLA–4, TIM3, PD–1 on CD8+ T cells decreased. The combination of LGK974 and Paclitaxel can cause the death of tumor cells and significantly inhibit their proliferation. The application of dose–dense Paclitaxel avoids toxicity related to the maximum dose needed to protect the patient's immune system by increasing CD8+ TILs.  There are concerns regarding toxicity of the LGK 974, especially for cells dependent on the Wnt/β–catenin pathway to maintain homeostasis. Many Wnt/β–catenin pathway inhibitors are tested against colorectal cancer (CRC) with successful results. These include NSAIDs, porcupine inhibitors, tankyrase inhibitors, Wnt5A inhibitors, and disheveled protein inhibitors.The Wnt/β–catenin pathway, when expressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), leads to the transition of epithelial to mesenchymal cells. In early clinical development, there are multiple inhibitors (ex. KYA1797K) targeting the Wnt/β–catenin pathway in TNBC cells, which could become a viable anticancer strategy.


This paper presents a fuzzy consensus qualitative risk analysis framework to identify and prioritize risks encountered in real estate projects. The framework incorporates consensus and quality of experts in the process of evaluating risk events and it is composed of a fuzzy expert system to determine qualification of experts; a fuzzy distance measurement algorithm to aggregate experts' opinions; and a three-dimensional prioritization approach to rank the risks. A case study incorporates a three-step Delphi technique to collect experts' opinions and compares them to the outputs of the model. The framework identifies and evaluates real estate risks in a fully supported linguistic environment, using fuzzy logic, which addresses the vagueness and imprecision that exist in the decision-making process. It provides an improvement over qualitative risk assessment models by applying the qualification of experts in aggregating their opinions, using FES, instead of relying on an arbitrary assessment of experts' qualifications; and it also modifies fuzzy consensus aggregation algorithms by enabling the aggregation of non-overlapping opinions and applying it to the risk prioritization process.


Traditionally, language learning has always been rooted in the idea that grammar must first be attained before true communication begins. This archaic idea has since been supplanted with what is popularly called, "communication skills." While this has been accepted as the proper means to Language Acquisition, it is vague and misunderstood. This paper is a record of a class that used ethnocentric principles as a philosophical base to devise a course which allowed students to communicate from what they already know. If it is true that we only retain what interests or affects us, then it stands to reason that communicating from an ethnocentric point of view gives students a strong base from which to attain target language.


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have dominated the large-scale business implementation landscape for over a decade. To that end, this research paper addresses some common misconceptions and planning difficulties encountered when such a system must eventually meet head-on with corporate values, culture and strategic initiatives. Although an ERP system is quite useful in integrating business processes within a common information technology platform, it does not provide much help in linking organisational strategic planning initiatives and objective measurement to the integrated processes that are implied by the software.


Introduction: Lactate in the brain can be an indicator of various metabolic processes. This weakly coupled spin system can be measured with MRS editing techniques. Considering its low concentration, the use of high field strength can be considered for its gain in SNR. However, the low available B1 + field at high fields results in narrow bandwidth refocusing pulses and therefore in large chemical shift displacement errors (CSDE). More importantly, the efficiency of the method is severely reduced due to the increased chemical shift dispersion, even when using adiabatic refocusing pulses. Frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI [1]) pulses have been suggested to substantially increase the bandwidth of adiabatic pulses. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrate that the boosted gain in SNR of a MEGA-sLASER [2] editing sequence with refocusing FOCI pulses can be used to measure lactate in the human brain at 7 Tesla while excluding the influence of coedited macromolecules.


In the present study, chemical composition determination and in vitro antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii plant grown under Erzincan ecological conditions were evaluated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Salmonella enterica serovar typhimirium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Bacillus cereus 702 ROMA, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22 and Proteus vulgaris FMC 1. As a result, a total of 29 components were detected in Achillea biebersteinii.  Among them, 1,8-cineole (20.36%), cyclohexanone (8.39%), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (5.38%) and spathulenol (4.19%)  were found as the major components.  For the in vitro antimicrobial activity determination of essential oil, disc diffusion method was used in our study. Furthermore, 12-14 mm zone diameters were detected in antimicrobial activity assay. The highest resistance zone was detected against B. subtilis with 14 mm diameter while the least resistance zone was detected against Y. pseudotuberculosis, E. aerogenes and P. vulgaris with 12 mm diameter. Consequently, it was concluded that the essential oil extracted from the A. biebersteinii grown under Erzincan ecological conditions had an inhibitory effects on the pathogenic microorganisms in used method.


Myocardial fibrosis results from cardiac injuries caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms including myocardial infarction, leading to destruction of myocardial architecture and progressive cardiac dysfunction. Oxidative stress is likely involved in myocardial ischemic injury and the subsequent tissue remodeling mediated by myocardial fibrogenesis. Our current study aimed to evaluate the implication of NADPH oxidase in overproduction of reactive oxygen species and its contribution to the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrogenesis after ischemic injuries. The effects of Apocynin, a selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor, were evaluated in the mouse model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by histopathological approaches and whole-genome gene expression profiling. The results demonstrated that Apocynin was able to inhibit the development of ISO-induced myocardial necrotic lesions and fibrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the preventive effects of Apocynin on myocardial injuries were associated with suppressed expression of genes implicated in inflammation responses and extracellular matrix, which were remarkably upregulated by isoproterenol administration. In summary, o ur study provides proof-of-concept for the involvement of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation in myocardial ischemic injuries and fibrogenesis, which will benefit the mechanism-based therapeutic development targeting NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress in treating myocardial fibrosis and related disorders.


Cloud service providers (CSPs) offer a utility computing service model in which users are expected to only pay for the resources that they use. However, a lack of common standards used by different cloud providers and the complexity of cloud resource distribution and orchestration often lead to an excess in resource pool allocation and overall inefficiencies. This complexity percolates throughout the cloud service industry and is the real hindrance to the use of the utility service model especially in healthcare organizations, which are expected to provide new and improved patient care capabilities using cloud resources. In this paper, a single cloud unit for metering all resources relating to the delivery of cloud computing is developed and implemented. This unit represents the summation of weighted components (network, compute, storage, power, facilities, etc.) used in the delivery of a cloud service. Performance results observed in the actual implementation of an enterprise cloud showed that the proposed unit provides an easy to use tool for comparing CSP services, and can lead to increased efficiency and manageability of resource usage in an enterprise.


The problem of robust deccntralized reliable control is investigated for a class of uncertain interconnected system with time-delay. The system involves state time-delay and parameter uncertainties. The decentralized observer and linear dynamic output feedback controller are designed such that, for all admissible uncertainties as well as actuator failures occurring among a prespecified subset of actuators, the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable.


Objective: To compare the cost and effects of three sampling strategies for human papillomavirus (HPV) primary screening. Design: Cost-consequence analysis using a decision tree in Excel. Setting: England. Participants: A cohort of 10,000 women age 25 to 65 eligible for the NHS Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP) (Box 1). Methods: The model was informed by the NHSCSP HPV primary screening pathway and adapted for self-sampling. It used a 3-year recall cycle with routine screening in year 1 and recall screening in years 2/3. Parameters were obtained from published studies, manufacturers, NHSCSP reports, and input from experts. Interventions: Three sampling strategies were: 1) routine clinician-collected cervical sample, 2) self-collected first-void (FV) urine; 3) self-collected vaginal swab. The hypothetical self-sampling strategies involved women being mailed a sampling kit at home. Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes: overall costs (for all screening steps to colposcopy), number of complete screens, and cost per complete screen. Secondary outcomes: number of women screened, number of women lost to follow-up, cost per colposcopy, and total screening costs for a plausible range of uptake scenarios. Results: In the base case, the average cost per complete screen was GBP 56.81 for clinician-collected cervical sampling, GBP 38.57 for FV urine self-sampling, and GBP 40.37 for vaginal self-sampling. In deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA), the variables most affecting the average cost per screen were the cost of sample collection for clinician-collected sampling and the cost of laboratory HPV testing for the self-sampling strategies. Scaled to consider routine screening in England, if uptake in non-attenders increased by 15% and 50% of current screeners converted to self-sampling, the NHSCSP would save GBP 19.2 million (FV urine) or GBP 16.5 million (vaginal) per year. Conclusion: Self-sampling could provide a less costly alternative to clinician-collected sampling for routine HPV primary screening and offers opportunities to expand the reach of cervical screening to under-screened women.


Recent studies by Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou claim that "hyper-selectivity" is the primary causal factor accounting for the high average educational attainment of second-generation Asian Americans. We critically assess hyper-selectivity, which has not been carefully evaluated in prior research. We argue that hyper-selectivity is inadequately conceptualized and is not clearly supported by data on immigration or income mobility. Hyper-selectivity ignores accumulated facts about Asian American family processes relating to cultural factors and educational attainment. Rather than being a class phenomenon, Asian cultural factors have important effects for most second-generation Asian Americans regardless of the socioeconomic status of their parents. Overemphasizing hyper-selectivity inadequately acknowledges the cultural heritage of Asian Americans and ignores the agency of immigrant Asian American families.


In this research, a single-stage low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis route was successfully developed for preparation of Iron Disulfide. The prepared powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These analyses showed that nanoparticles were well crystallized, pyrite was the main product and the shape of crystals was nanorod. Also, the influences of reaction temperature and iron source on the formation of the target compound were investigated.


Simulation has played an important role in reducing design time and improving the reliability of power electronics systems. Over the years power electronics system diversity and complexity has grown to include subsystems which traditionally have used different modeling and simulation strategies, making the simulation of such systems difficult. This paper presents a standard simulation methodology for such complex power electronics systems based on cosimulation. This approach allows individual subsystems to be conveniently modeled in the most natural and trusted simulation environment. A simulation example of a four-phase buck converter employing digital control is provided. The power stage is modeled in Saber, and the digital controller is modeled in Saber, and the digital controller is modeled in Simulink using the Xilinx System Generator blockset. The Saber-Simulink cosimulation is used as the interface between the two engines. Xilinx System Generator is used to automatically generate synthesizable code for Xilinx FPGAs.


The cell membrane's role in hemopoietic differentiation and regulation is increasingly evident. Certain fluorescent molecules interact with membrane components at the molecular level. The organic dye merocyanine 540(MCN) is such a tool for studying hemopoietic stem cell membranes at the molecular level. This paper present work involving biologic interactions of MCN with CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and hemopoietic cell membranes. The authors work indicates that MNC staining reveals membrane differences that accompany cellular transformation and differentiation. Changes in MNC fluorescene indicate that hemopoietic cells are heterogeneous with respect to membrane properties, and sensitivity to MNC photoinactivation reveals that membrane properties may change as a function of differentiative state between pluripotent and committed granulocytic precursor cells.


Based on high resolution images,the percentage sampling method was applied to study the survey approach and monitoring techniques for afforestation investigation in the urban and plain area. A suit of complete technological process was proposed after having solved the difficult technical problems such as boundary determination,sample plots setting,RS image interpretation,on the spot verification,precision analysis,etc.. The quantity of plots to be sampled that directly affect the workload was discussed. The results obtained from the practical application showed that the survey data were abundant with high accuracy guarantee. The problems including commanding height selection,comprehensive analysis of survey data and the reliability of the investigation results could be well solved by using this technology when conducting afforestation investigation in the urban and plain areas.


Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has been found to react with the primary amines and ammonia to yield amides, while the reaction of PAN with tertiary amines produces chemiluminescence from an unknown product.


Marginal lands have received wide attention for their potential to improve food security and support bioenergy production. However, environmental issues, ecosystem services, and sustainability have been widely raised over the use of marginal land. Knowledge of the extent, location, and quality of marginal lands as well as their assessment and management are limited and diverse. There are many perceptions about what constitutes marginal lands and so clear definitions are needed. This paper provides a review of the historical development of marginal concept, its application and assessment. Challenges and priority research needs of marginal land assessment and management were also discussed.