Social entrepreneurship has become a source of hope, but we are like water-tap users who know little about the origin of the source. Social entrepreneurship is said to be made of ideas that are tried out rather than proclaimed, ideas that are pushed through by initiatives belonging to individuals rather than multinational mega-organisations, ideas that are proposed in languages that are culturally diverse and not necessarily professionally polished, ideas that speak of pervasive social inequalities and exclusions, of ecological problems and risks, and ideas that do not speak of these issues as inevitable predicaments but as challenges that call for societal transformations. Who or what makes all this possible? Social entrepreneurs are said to have innovative solutions to pressing social problems; they are characterised as ambitious and persistent; they are said not to rely on business and government for the realisation of their ideas, and to aim at wide-scale, systemic change.1 These social entrepreneurs are promoted by support organisations, the media, companies and policy-makers. They have become increasingly familiar, branded and politicised actors. How has this happened? What kind of impact do social entrepreneurs seek? What impact do social entrepreneurs have? And, is it possible not only to learn about social entrepreneurs, but also to become one? This anthology offers extended discussions of these questions – except for the last one. Oscar Wilde quipped that 'the best things in life cannot be taught'. Whether social entrepreneurship belongs to the 'best things in life' is no doubt a question of individual judgment. But the obstacle to 'teaching' social entrepreneurship is not this question of taste: the frequent claim that people are 'born' as social entrepreneurs is. Social entrepreneur Orlando Rincón Bonilla says: 'It's genetic. You can walk into a room full


The seeds of Butch clover were used as experimental materials and were soaked with suspension of bacteria ACC9-1,then the seeds were planted through plate-plate method with different concentration of NaCl solution(Hydroponics).The physical and biochemistry indexes were detected to compare the influencing effects on the growth of Butch cover.The results showed that Butch cover seedlings had a greater damage when the concentration of NaCl was higher. Additionally,if seeds were treated with ACC9-1,the damages decreased a bit.All in all,Butch clover had the capacity of buffering,moderating and adapting to the NaCl stress after adding plant growth promoting bacteria.Therefore,plant growth promoting bacteria could play an important role in reducing damages arise from NaCl in Butch clover.


A medium supplying apparatus includes a separation mechanism that separates one medium at a time from a plurality of sheet-shaped media stacked in a loading rack and transports the medium, an irradiation unit that emits light onto a surface of the medium, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light that is acquired by allowing the light emitted by the irradiation unit to be reflected from the surface and detects a reflected light intensity that is an intensity of the reflected light. The separating force of the separation mechanism that is used for separating a next medium is controlled based on the reflected light intensity detected by the light receiving unit.


The formulation comprises a drug, hidrofluoro- propellant carbon, a surfactant consisting of a medium chain triglyceride of formula (I), wherein R {sub, l, R {sub, 2, and R {sub, 3 can be identical or different, represent an alkyl functional group of 5 to 11 carbon atoms, and a cosolvent more polar than the propellant. In a particular embodiment the surfactant is a mixed ester of caprylic and capric acids. This formulation is suitable for administration of drugs via inhalation.


Article is devoted to the specifics and trends in the management of political and communicative processes in government in the Russian Federation. It is noted that as a result of changes associated with the democratization of political life, the emergence of new political actors and the implementation of information technology, the transition from policy administration to the principles of modern political management, which is an important part of communication management. The focus of a scientific article on the analysis of trends and specific political governance in the Russian Federation, made on the basis of original scientific research, the results of which were obtained on the basis of expert interviews with the representatives of business, media, non-profit organizations and government officials in the period of transformation of power in 2007 and up to 2012. Feature of the political management of communication processes in the Russian Federation are personified creation of power structures in the interaction with the public, a selection of traditional communication channels. The main trend in the development of political and communicative space at the regional level is to increase the number of actors in public policy, the use of a form of political protest, the willingness of civil society in policy-making. On the other hand, the government, demonstrating partnership methods «soft»-management strives for absolute control in the management of political and communication processes.


The present invention provides a high-performance passive phase-change cooling system comprising a micro groove evaporator and a condenser, characterized in that: said groove evaporator micro capillary pumped loop connected to a line, the line and the capillary pumped loop said condenser is connected. With this cooling system is conducive to the heating element is a high heat flux has cooled sufficiently to meet the high-performance chips, high-energy laser, optical communication, or the cooling requirements of other electromechanical devices. The present invention further provides a phase change cooling system for desktop computers to a large heat exchange capacity to meet the cooling requirements of a variety of desktop computers. The present invention also provides a heat exchange system within the overall amount of heat used in notebook computers and other small spaces help improve.


[1] ICESat calculations of sea level and mesoscale variability are demonstrated and compared to calculations from TOPEX altimetry. In particular, we examine the accuracy of the ICESat Laser 2a Release 21 GLA15 ocean elevations. A global ICESat ocean elevation bias of -10.0 ± 1.0 cm (low) was found with respect to TOPEX, obtained with a reference mean sea surface (MSS). Dual-satellite (ICESat - TOPEX) crossovers independently verify this bias, having a mean of -11.7 ± 1.8 cm. The origin of this bias is unknown, although it may be related to sea state. Release 21 improvements have mitigated ICESat's thermally-induced day/night laser pointing variations to 1 to 2 cm in elevation. The average daily single-satellite internal crossover RMS is 12 cm for ICESat, 7 cm for TOPEX. ICESat laser altimetry is able to match TOPEX detection of major sea level anomaly and mesoscale variability features on a global scale.


Infra-red Sensor is the commonly used to get the targets' location for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). For long distance target searching, Infra-red Search and Track (IRST) system passively achieves the bearing and elevation measurements of remote targets. Single UAV with IRST is difficult to locate the target in three dimension space (range, bearing, and elevation) because it can't obtain any range information directly from the sensor measurements. In the paper, a sequential multi-frame hypothesis testing algorithm is presented for Multi-UAVs target location. Firstly, each single UAV obtains the targets' angle-only track by utilizing the strong tracking filter (STF) and global nearest neighbor (GNN) angle-only tracking algorithm. Then, double UAV cross target locating track is achieved by recursive least square estimation algorithm. The Further UAV's angle-only track is used for sequential multi-frame hypothesis testing with the target located positions of double UAV. During the certain M frame, if the N frame hypothesis testing is satisfied, the target track by double UAV is true target, and is updated by the further UAV angle-only track. On the contrary, the target track is false alarm target, and is deleted from the target track set. Consider the fluctuation of target track, a recursive least square algorithm is particularly used to smooth the target track. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain effective performance for multi-UAV target location.


Maritime moving targets continuation observation has important implications to maintain the safety of the navigation barrier. Existing methods either rely on satellite observations, or only rely on UAV observations. Even though the two cooperative observations, it confined to a simple task allocation. They did not solve the problem of maritime moving targets continuation observation. On the basis of difference between satellites observation and UAV observation, we constructed the aerospace collaborative continuation observation model for maritime moving target, and put forward aerospace collaborative continuation observation strategy (ACCOS) to reduce the complexity of solving the model. According to the spatial and temporal characteristics of the task, ACCOS extracted five sub problems to solve the model: Satellite planning, UAV flight plan, UAV observation sequence, target potential area and distribution probability density prediction, UAV path planning. In order to realize the optimization goal of the model, the five sub problems are modelled and solved in turn. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the average observation period of the target, and effectively solve the problem of the continuous observation of maritime moving target.


Search for the word "asthma" in the archives of the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC), and more than 900 matches will come up. That is a testament to the role that JBC authors have played and today are playing in the pursuit of a better understanding of the molecular roots of the illness and, ultimately, improved therapies for asthma sufferers.

Asthma is said to have been first identified and named by Hippocrates around 450 B.C., but, for centuries, it was misunderstood and, in some cases, was even attributed to psychological and emotional instability. Although most people today are familiar with the trademark symptoms of asthma (wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, chest tightness) from chronically inflamed airways and passageway spasms, the reality, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is that "in most cases, we don't know what causes asthma, and we don't know how to cure it."

According to the American Asthma Foundation, the condition afflicts about 23 million in the United States, and it is one of the most common long-term diseases in children. Most asthmatics use bronchodilators, which reverse airway smooth muscle contraction, and anti-inflammatory drugs, which suppress airway inflammation, but many patients do not respond well to existing therapies.

Shortly before his untimely death in late 2010, JBC Associate Editor Dale J. Benos conceived of this thematic minireview series on the molecular bases of asthma in recognition of important advances that have been made and the important questions that continue to be raised in the pages of JBC. Research into asthma crosses into multiple fields, including immunology, gene expression, signal transduction, and ion channel regulation. It is with great pleasure that we present here the first four parts commissioned by our esteemed colleague Dr. Benos and later shepherded by Associate Editor Luke O'Neill. Additional installments in the series will be published in the near future.

In the first minireview, Miguel A. Valverde, Gerard Cantero-Recasens, Anna Garcia-Elias, Carole Jung, Amado Carreras-Sureda, and Ruben Vicente write about ion channels, the specialized transmembrane proteins that regulate the flow of ions across membranes and determine the tissue physiology that underlies the development of asthma symptoms. The authors stress, "Asthma is a disorder presenting dysfunctional elements at all cellular levels in the airways, and ion channels regulate, one way or another, the function of all airways cells." The minireview covers animal models, molecular and genetic studies, and clinical observations that relate ion channel activity to the pathogenesis of asthma.

Although many candidate genes have been linked to asthma through various means, including animal models, linkage analyses, and genome-wide association studies, the "allergic" origins of the disease remain poorly defined. Allergic asthma, the prototypical form that is addressed in clinical studies, is generally construed as a syndrome resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The second minireview, by Anil B. Mukherjee and Zhongjian Zhang, discusses the current knowledge base for how genetic and environmental factors culminate in allergic asthma. The authors note that the experimental modeling of allergic responses in asthma is problematic. "In contrast with the animal models in which T-helper 2 (TH2) cell response is the dominant feature, in human asthma, an initial exposure to allergen results in TH2-dependent stimulation of the immune response that mediates the production of IgE and cytokines," the authors write. "Re-exposure to allergen then activates mast cells, which release mediators such as histamines and leukotrienes that recruit other cells, including TH2 cells, which mediate the inflammatory response in the lungs." The complex array of signaling reactions that underlie asthma are not easily reduced to commonly used aspects of animal models.

The third minireview also discusses certain aspects of allergic asthma and attempts to consider the implications of elevated IgE levels and increased IgE sensitization as disease hallmarks. IgE binding to high-affinity FcϵRI and the low-affinity FcϵRII/CD23 receptors must be considered in the proper context. "A substantial network of signaling molecules and adaptor proteins that function downstream of FcϵRI activation has been defined," writes author Lawren C. Wu. The author considers elucidation of the cell and membrane biology of FcϵRI signaling an important goal of future research. Additional points for investigation include "novel cell surface and intracellular mediators of FcϵRI activation, mechanisms of intracellular calcium signaling, and new inhibitory proteins that negatively regulate parts of the signaling network downstream of FcϵRI activation."

In the fourth minireview, author Peter J. Barnes covers signaling pathways involved in existing and quite effective therapies. "β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are the most effective bronchodilators and relax airway smooth muscle cells through increased cyclic AMP concentrations and directly opening large conductance Ca2+ channels," Barnes explains. Meanwhile, glucocorticoids are "the most effective anti-inflammatory treatments and switch off multiple activated inflammatory genes through recruitment of histone deacetylase-2, activating anti-inflammatory genes, and through increasing mRNA stability of inflammatory genes." Barnes writes that our relatively good understanding of how current asthma therapies work, in terms of their biochemical mechanisms, opens the door to both tweaks to existing treatments and invention of entirely new ones in the future.

As others have before it, this thematic minireview series aims to link biochemical processes to the understanding of an important clinical challenge. Over the past half-century, both the incidence and the severity of asthma have increased worldwide, further burdening public health service providers in developed and developing nations alike. Still forthcoming in this thematic series are minireviews covering exercise-induced asthma, by Lisa M. Schwiebert, and myeloid-derived regulatory cells and redox control in asthma, by David D. Chaplin. We hope that you will find the collection and its authors' insights useful.


Elasticity is a key feature of cloud computing. Its application has become an increasing need due to the dynamic nature of different applications and different workloads imposed by them. This article aims to analyze the behavior of the elasticity in a cloud computing environment, based on some metrics related to response time of allocation operations and used resources in a cloud computing environment. A proposal of seven metrics for evaluation of the elasticity is presented. An experiment to validate the proposal and analysis of elasticity in a cloud computing environment is described with microbenchmarks and a scientific application. At the end, a discussion of the results and future work.


Context. The carbon monoxide (CO) molecular line at around 46655 Å in solar infrared spectra is often used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the cold heart of the solar atmosphere, i.e., sunspot oscillation, especially at the sunspot umbra.
Aims. We investigated sunspot oscillation at Doppler velocities of the CO 7-6 R67 and 3-2 R14 lines that were measured by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA), as well as the line profile of Mg II k line that was detected by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).
Methods. A single Gaussian function is applied to each CO line profile to extract the line shift, while the moment analysis method is used for the Mg II k line. Then the sunspot oscillation can be found in the time–distance image of Doppler velocities, and the quasi-periodicity at the sunspot umbra are determined from the wavelet power spectrum. Finally, the cross-correlation method is used to analyze the phase relation between different atmospheric levels.
Results. At the sunspot umbra, a periodicity of roughly 5 min is detected at the Doppler velocity range of the CO 7-6 R67 line that formed in the photosphere, while a periodicity of around 3 min is discovered at the Doppler velocities of CO 3-2 R14 and Mg II k lines that formed in the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and the chromosphere. A time delay of about 2 min is measured between the strong CO 3-2 R14 line and the Mg II k line.
Conclusions. Based on the spectroscopic observations from the CYRA and IRIS, the 3 min sunspot oscillation can be spatially resolved in the Doppler shifts. It may come from the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and then propagate to the chromosphere, which might be regarded as a propagating slow magnetoacoustic wave.


Objective: To assess the effect of giving toothbrushing storybooks along with verbal oral hygiene (OHI) instructions on plaque levels to schoolchildren.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a private school in Islamabad from October to November 2022. Children in Class V were selected as the Experimental Group I (Storybooks + OHI), while Class IV children were placed in the Control Group II (OHI alone). There were 20 students in each group. Plaque levels were compared at the baseline (before intervention) and after seven days. Toothbrushing practices were recorded at the baseline.
Results: The mean age of the children was 9.6 + 1.08 years. A total of 16 (40%) boys and 24 (60%) girls were included in the study. Children in Group II had significantly better self-reported toothbrushing practices with 16 (80%) children brushing twice a day, as compared to 10 (50%) children from Group I (p = 0.041). There was no difference in the reduction in plaque scores between group I (0.14 + 0.21) and group II (0.08 + 0.21; p = 0.382).
Conclusion: Giving story books to children is not an effective intervention to improve the oral hygiene status of children, as compared to oral hygiene instructions alone.


Aqueous colloidal suspensions in the two systems of CVD-processed ultrafine mullite powder (<0.1 μm), -Si3N4 whisker and -mullite whisker, were prepared near the isoelectric point of mullite (pH 7.0) to prevent cracking during drying of wet green compacts consolidated by filtration. The freeze-dried porous green compacts were hot-pressed with a carbon die at 1500°C for 1 h at a pressure of 39 MPa in N2 atmosphere. The relative densities of the mullite matrix composites with whiskers of 0 to 10 vol% were in the range of 95.2% to 99.8%. Increasing the fraction of Si3N4 whisker increased the density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the hot-pressed composites. On the other hand, addition of the mullite whisker increased the fracture toughness but decreased the density and strength of the composites.


Metasurfaces promise to replace bulky prisms and lenses with 2D surfaces, revolutionizing wavefront control with technologically significant advantages in size, weight, and planar fabrication. However, conventional implementations suffer from large chromatic aberrations and cannot sustain performance over practical bandwidths of real‐world signals because of the limited phase modulation margin available in a surface. How can an infinitely thin surface generate the arbitrarily large, broadband phase delay that bulk phase accumulation can provide? Here, equivalence between bulk optics and certain multiresonant metasurfaces is demonstrated, where phase delay arises from trains of multiple resonances in the effective sheet conductivities of the surface itself instead of accumulation of propagation phase. The fundamentally required electromagnetic surface conductivities of a purely achromatic metasurface are derived and general design rules for arbitrarily broadband beam steering and lensing are obtained. Both operation in transmission and reflection can be achieved in a unified way by proper alignment of the resonances, enabling 360° directionality. The arbitrary spectral bandwidth, dual reflection/transmission operation, and complete dispensability of propagation phase constitute a major advance in the state of the art of achromatic metasurfaces for wavefront manipulation.


This work provides insights for understanding and further developing the Cu2ZnGeSe4 photovoltaic technology, and gives an example of the potential of combinatorial analysis and machine learning for the study of complex systems in materials research.


Law on gender equality and equity (KKG) is one of bills listed in the 2014 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) which has not been yet accomplished in DPR RI. There was one faction which cannot agreed this bill to be introduced by DPR RI, and similarly, another faction has firmly rejected the further  discussions of the bill to become law. Aside from this, the writer argued that  its content is essential to help implement a gender equality and equity principle in family, society, and state. The existance of such kind of law to accelerate the creation of equal opportunity and role for men and women in exercising their civil, political, economic, and cultural rights. Its existance become more important  because although women rights have been protected in the 1945 constitution  and other implementing laws. In fact,  there founds loopholes and inequality in practices, in particular regarding the so-called gender and violence based discrimination. Therefore, it is further argued by the writer that  the KKG bill which has been sent to DPR RI last period (2009-2014) should be put in to agenda of the current parliament.


Secondary water supply equipment was designed based on the current water supply source and municipal pipe network. The combination between Water purification and pressure-superposed water supply could guarantee the drinking water security, fully exploit the municipal pipe network pressure, and effectively save the energy. Catalytic oxidation of ozone, complex adsorption, and microbial degradation collaborated to treat the micro-polluted water. Activated alumina was employed for the high fluoride water purification with HCl/NaOH deep regeneration. For the brackish water, membrane treatment was adopted. A collaborative technology of ozone oxidation, contact oxidation, and biological oxidation was used for the iron/manganese-rich water. The results showed that all the effluents could meet the requirement of "Sanitary standard for drinking water" (GB5749-2006) and "Water quality standards for fine drinking water" (CJ94-2005).


An introductory study of world literature.-The scope and general character of a recent volume entitled Literature of the World' can perhaps best be presented through a somewhat full excerpt from the Preface: It has not been our purpose to furnish an inclusive and detailed compendium of literature nor to enter any of the numerous by-paths of literary criticism. Our aim has been rather to present in straightforward language a brief study of the literature of each of the major nations. We give in general the accepted judgments. We indicate the main currents, devote some attention to all writers of real consequence, and offer relatively full studies of authors who are recognized as the great figures in literature. In short, the book contains what we deem to be the essential facts that everyone should know about the literature of the world. Our observation has been that a person who may be well informed regarding the chief writers of England and America, for instance, has all too frequently only a vague impression of the literature of-let us say-Italy and Spain, or of Russia and Scandinavia. He may specialize in one direction, but show astonishing ignorance of the field of letters as a whole. We hope, therefore, that this general outline of literature in one volume-the first of its kind, so far as we know-may serve a useful purpose. Generally speaking, each chapter gives the historical background, some information about matters of language and racial connection, and an indication of the outstanding characteristics of the people. Then follows a chronological survey of the literature. Extracts from the works studied are occasionally included where these will serve to elucidate the text, but it is obvious that this element must be comparatively slight in a volume of such proportions as this. At the close of each chapter is appended a reference list of easily obtainable works in history, literature, and criticism. Since the impulse of the book is to encourage the reader to investigate the literature itself, good editions and translations of the classics are cited. Topics for special study are suggested as well.


Smart cities are built to help people address issues like air pollution, traffic optimization, and energy efficiency. Electrical energy efficiency has become a central research issue in the energy field. Smart houses and buildings, which lower electricity costs, form an integral part of a smart city in a smart grid. This article presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-oriented smart Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that identifies electrical home appliances based on a novel hybrid Unsupervised Automatic Clustering-Integrated Neural-Fuzzy Classification (UAC-NFC) model. The smart HEMS designed and implemented in this article is composed of (1) a set of IoT-empowered smart e-meters, called smart sockets, installed as a benchmark in a realistic domestic environment with uncertainties and deployed against non-intrusive load monitoring; (2) a central Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computing machine-based home gateway configured with a ZigBee wireless communication network; and (3) a cloud-centered analytical platform constructed to the hybrid UAC-NFC model for Demand-Side Management (DSM)/home energy management as a load classification task. The novel hybrid UAC-NFC model proposed in DSM and presented in this article is used to overcome the difficulties in distinguishing electrical appliances operated under similar electrical features and classified as unsupervised and self-organized. The smart HEMS developed with the proposed novel hybrid UAC-NFC model for DSM was able to identify electrical household appliances with an acceptable average and generalized classification rate of 95.73%.


The effect of a colorless and tasteless iron enriched powder supplement (IEPS, 12.5 mg Fe/sachet), which can be added to the food directly, on hemoglobin level, other changes and acceptability were evaluated by recruiting 300 anemia (≤11.8 g/dL) children (1–5 y) from Mexico Mazahua area. This was a 182‐days controlled open‐label randomized by community study. 137 kids received IEPS (1 sachet/day) and 159 kids received ferrous sulfate in syrup (FSS, 6 mon 3 bottles), as the positive control. All kids received nutritional packages (e.g., rice, bean, etc) and nutrition education program was provided to the caregivers bi‐weekly. 125 kids from the IEPS group and 134 kids from the FSS group completed the study. IEPS significantly reduced anemia prevalence from 96.8% to 19.2% (Day 98), and finally to 7.2%. A similar effect was also found in the FSS group (98.5% to 16.4% to 8.2%). Low body weight (IEPS: 16.0% to 9.6%; FSS: 22.4% to 17.9%) and short stature prevalence (IEPS: 46.4% to 28.0%; FSS: 48.5% to 38.1%) was also reduced in both groups. Improving in energy level, learning ability, and social engagement were observed in both groups. The number of reported adverse events in both groups was similar and none of them were considered as related to the tested products. Overall, IEPS is safe, effective to reduce iron deficiency anemia. It is acceptable by preschool children in Mexico. To maximize its effect, offering in conjunction with nutritional packages and nutrition education program is recommended.


The main purpose of this paper is a study of the eciency of dierent nonlinearity detection methods based on time-series data from a dynamic process as a part of system identication. A very useful concept in measuring the nonlinearity is the denition of a suitable index to measure any deviation from linearity. To analyze the properties of such an index, the observed time series is assumed to be the output of Volterra series driven by a Gaussian input. After reviewing these methods, some modications and new indices are proposed, and a benchmark simulation study is made. Correlation analysis, harmonic analysis and higher order spectrum analysis are selected methods to be investigated in our simulations. Each method has been validated with its own advantages and disadvantages.


In majority of the crystals of pharmaceutical compounds, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role. Determination of a hydrogen position is highly important, in order to investigate hydrogen bonds especially in the case of hydrates. We have been investigating humidityinduced phase transitions of hydrates systematically [1,2]. Unique characteristics of hydration water molecules have prompted us to explore the phenomena more precisely. Neutron diffraction analysis is a powerful tool to determine hydrogen positions. However, large single crystals are required because of weak neutron diffraction intensities. Under such background, we carried out neutron powder diffraction analysis of guanosine dihydrate using the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). Neutron powder diffraction data of guanosine dihydrate (C10H13N5O5.2H2O; crystal data: monoclinic space group P21 a = 17 518 b = 11 278 c = 6 658 Å β= 98 17° Z = 4) were measured by iMATERIA at MLF in J-PARC (Figure 1(a)). Rietveld analysis was carried out using atomic coordinates of nonhydrogen atoms determined by X-ray analysis and those of hydrogen atoms which were placed on the geometrically calculated positions using the averaged X-H bond lengths determined by neutron analysis referencing the hydrogen positions estimated by X-ray analysis sing Fo and σ by Riet eld analysis the nuclear density distribution was calculated by MEM (Figure 1(b)). Nuclear densities of the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule (W1 in Figure 1) were elongated, which is consistent with the results of molecular dynamic simulation [2]. The effective usage of MEM to elucidate hydrogen atom positions from neutron powder diffraction data will be discussed together with that of difference Fourier calculations.


NAVRATILOVA, Katarina: Phraseology in German and Slovak online massmedia (natural sciences vs. humanities). Masaryk University in Brno. The Faculty of Arts. The Department of German, Scandinavian and Dutch studies . Adviser: doc. PhDr. Jiřina Mala, CSc, 2015, 87 p. The main goal of this thesis is the analysis of the frequency of idioms, multi-word lexical units, collocations and stylistic devices in German and Slovak online massmedia . The first part includes the theory of phraseology where are defined the main phraseological terms and where is summarised the overview of this linguistic discipline. The second part deals with the practical analysis of the chosen German and Slovak online articles. The main source of the German articles is the online magazine Der Spiegel, the main source of the Slovak articles is Týždeň.


In wireless ad hoc networks,packets are delivered by multi-hop relay among nodes.When some nodes are captured,they turn out to be inside attackers,then drop data packets arbitrarily.Such kind of attack,called packet dropping attack,will dramatically degrade network performance.However,neither transport layer nor network layer protocols of existing network protocol stacks are able to defend against it efficiently.Hence,this paper presents a new secure communication model defending against packet dropping attack from inside attacker in the network layer,including Real-time Link Status Analysis protocol(RLSA)and Distributed Node Classification algorithm(DNC).RLSA took advantage of segment-based multiple paths between a pair of source and destination,as well as group acknowledgement mechanism for packets,to obtain packet forwarding status of neighbors in real time.Based on RLSA and related analytical model,DNC identifies abnormal behavior of nodes,and then classifies nodes into normal and malicious types.Simulation results show the secure communication model performs well regarding malicious node detection rate and false alarm rate.


The present invention relates to microfluidic devices and fabrication methods thereof, the film covers the chamber in the carrier. The film, after attachment of the film to the carrier, spanned locally pins in a given area of the chamber. Thus avoiding undesirable swelling of the film into the chamber.


Dalongtan hydropower station is located in one carbonate rock area.The karsts are controlled by lithologic characters and structural features as follows: 1)the lithology in the first member of Najinguan formation of Ordovician(O1n1),the first layer of the second member of Najinguan formation(O1n2-1)and the second layer of the fourth member of the Cambrian(∈4-23m)are shale infiltrated limestone,band argillaceous limestone and band siliceous limestone respectively.The karts in these rocks are very weak and oppositely strong in other rock layers;2)Karsts develop along the bedding surface and fault plane,which form karst canals.So the seepage mainly occurs along these karst faults.In anti-seepage curtain-designing,the design relies on the shale of 18.8 m depth and emphasizes the locations of the faults.Results of the long-term groundwater observation and analysis show that the efficiency of the anti-seepage curtain is very good and there is no large seepage.Only at the sites where the faults pass,the amount of seepage may be somewhat larger.The achievement of the anti-seepage curtain-designing in Dalongtan hydropower station gives a good example and may provide significant reference for other projects.


The U.S. pelagic longline fishery catches 98% of domestic swordfish landings but is also one of the three fisheries most affecting federally protected sea turtles (Crowder and Myers 2001, Witherington et al 2009). Bycatch by fisheries is considered the main anthropogenic threat to sea turtles (NRC 1990). Accurate and precise bycatch estimates are imperative for sea turtle conservation and appropriate fishery management. However, estimation is complicated by only 8% observer coverage of fishing and data that are hierarchical in structure (i.e., multiple sets per trip), zeroheavy (i.e., bycatch is rare), and often overdispersed (i.e., larger variance than expected). Therefore, I evaluated two predominant bycatch estimation methods, the delta-lognormal method and generalized linear models, and investigated improvements in uncertainty incorporation. I constructed a simulation model to evaluate bycatch estimation at two spatial scales under ten spatial models of sea turtle, fishing set, and observer distributions. Results indicated that distributing observers relative to fishing effort and using the deltalognormal-strata method was most appropriate. The delta-lognormal-strata 95% confidence interval (CI) was wider than statistically appropriate. The delta-lognormal-all sets pooled 95% CI was narrower but simulated bycatch was above the CI too frequently. Thus, I developed a


Moranbah's newest youth worker is concerned about the impact mental illness is having on young people in the community due to unemployment and a lack of alternative education options.


961 A Physiological Model of OSA Pathogenesis—Owens et al. INTRODUCTION In addition to compromised upper airway anatomy, other physiological traits are increasingly recognized for their contributions to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). These nonanatomical traits include: (1) poor pharyngeal muscle responsiveness during sleep, (2) an overly sensitive ventilatory control system (i.e., high loop gain [LG]), and (3) a low respiratory arousal threshold that leads to arousal rather than stable ventilation.1–4 Given the variable adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP),5,6 we and others have suggested that an alternative approach for nonadherent patients would be targeted manipulation of one or more of the underlying traits that contribute to OSA pathogenesis. However, no such method or model is yet validated to predict how many patients might benefit from non-PAP therapy, or how to guide therapy in an individual patient. There are several prerequisites before such an approach to OSA management could be attempted. First, the traits would need to be measured in an easy and relatively noninvasive Study Objectives: Both anatomical and nonanatomical traits are important in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis. We have previously described a model combining these traits, but have not determined its diagnostic accuracy to predict OSA. A valid model, and knowledge of the published effect sizes of trait manipulation, would also allow us to predict the number of patients with OSA who might be effectively treated without using positive airway pressure (PAP). Design, Participants and Intervention: Fifty-seven subjects with and without OSA underwent standard clinical and research sleep studies to measure OSA severity and the physiological traits important for OSA pathogenesis, respectively. The traits were incorporated into a physiological model to predict OSA. The model validity was determined by comparing the model prediction of OSA to the clinical diagnosis of OSA. The effect of various trait manipulations was then simulated to predict the proportion of patients treated by each intervention. Measurements and Results: The model had good sensitivity (80%) and specificity (100%) for predicting OSA. A single intervention on one trait would be predicted to treat OSA in approximately one quarter of all patients. Combination therapy with two interventions was predicted to treat OSA in ~50% of patients. Conclusions: An integrative model of physiological traits can be used to predict population-wide and individual responses to non-PAP therapy. Many patients with OSA would be expected to be treated based on known trait manipulations, making a strong case for the importance of nonanatomical traits in OSA pathogenesis and the effectiveness of non-PAP therapies.


The sections in this article are:

1
Mediator Concept

2
Mediators: Release and Control

3
Pharmacology of Mediators with Action on Airway Smooth Muscle
3.1
Primary Mediators

3.2
Newly Generated Mediators

4
Summary


Synthesis and characterization of a set of iridium(III) compounds utilizing the sterically encumbering hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate ligand (TpMe2) has been performed, and a comparison with the corresponding Cp* complexes is presented. TpMe2(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (7, OTf = O3SCF3) was synthesized and found to be unreactive toward a variety of C−H bonds, in contrast to the behavior of Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (1). We have rationalized this lack of reactivity in terms of an electronic effect rather than a steric effect imposed by the TpMe2 ligand. Metathesis of the triflate ligand with the BArf (BArf = B[3,5-C6H3(CF3)2]4) anion under a N2 atmosphere produces the dinitrogen complex [TpMe2(PMe3)Ir(N2)(Me)][BArf] (3-N2). Compound 3-N2 is indeed reactive toward dative ligands, H2, and hydrocarbons, activating the C−H bonds of benzene and aldehydes but not those of saturated hydrocarbons. A rationale for the difference in behavior between the Cp* and TpMe2 systems with respect to C−H activation is presented.


This study aims to examine the relationship between budgetary participation and budgetary slack in a public sector organization. It also attempts to examine whether information asymmetry mediates the relationship between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. This study uses primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to budget planner in a public sector organization. This study used a sample of 75 respondents using purposive sampling. A path analysis was utilize to examine the direct and indirect effects of budgetary participation on budgetary slack. . The analysis results indicate that 1) Budgetary participation has no relationship with budgetary slack. 2) Budgetary participation and information asymmetry have a positive relationship. 3) Information asymmetry and budgetary slack have a positive  relationship. 4) Budgetary participation did not indirectly affect budgetary slack through information asymmetry as an intervening variable.


Helminthofauna of Microtus voles inhabiting the forest sites at the urban environment and forest were investigated. To analyze separate helminth species was not our aim. We estimated the indices of vole invermination with all helminths and with helminths, representing a potential danger for human. The second our goal was to compare the characteristics of helminthocenoses of voles inhabiting the forest urban sites of different degree disturbance. Common field voles in the forest were found to have much fewer helminth load than ones dwelling at the all studied urbanized sites. Almost all invermination indices were minimal in the voles from the forest. Helminth prevalence of voles was not connected with the level of anthropogenic load as it was similar at the intracity site with almost recreation absent and at the plot with maximum recreation. The highest intensity of invasion (of all helminths and the helminths dangerous to the people) was found out in the voles in the park-forest with the lowest recreation. Separate position of the forest democenosis cluster from others indicates the real differences between urbanized and forest democenoses what most likely is the result of changes in the structure and abundance of rodent communities of forest ecosystems under the impact of urbanization that influence upon vole helminthocenoses. Presence at some park-forests of the large number of stray dogs aggravates parasitic situation at the recreation city places.


Indistinguishability in quantum mechanics is an essential concept to understanding "mysterious" quantum features such as self-interference of a single photon and two-photon nonlocal correlation. Delayed-choice experiments are for the cause-effect violation via post-measurements of photons in an interferometric system. Recently, a macroscopic version of the delayed-choice experiments has been demonstrated using the classical means of Poisson distributed photons in a noninterfering Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NMZI). Here, a coherence version of the nonlocal correlation is presented using the wave nature of photons in space-like separated orthogonally polarized NMZIs. For this, polarization-basis projections of the pair of NMZI output photons onto a set of polarizers are measured coincidently, where each output photon comprises orthogonal polarization bases. Because of the coherence feature of the output photons via coincidence detection, a phase sensitive nonlocal correlation is achieved. As a result, indistinguishability limited to a single or entangled photon pairs needs to be reconsidered with basis (polarization) randomness for the nonlocal correlation. Introduction In quantum mechanics, measurements affect the original quantum state [1,2]. Measurement-based quantum mystery has been studied for various delayed-choice experiments over the last several decades [3-12]. Not only a single photon-based quantum superposition [4-6,8], but also two photon-based nonlocal correlation [10-13] has been intensively studied for the mysterious quantum feature violating causality. Potential quantum loopholes in such a quantum system have also been closed for detection [13,16], locality [14], sampling [13,15,16], and free will [17] parameters. The nonlocal correlation between space-like separated local measurements results in nonlocal realism of quantum mechanics [18]. Classical realism is for an independent reality not influenced by the action of measurements or observations as claimed by Einstein and his colleagues [19]. Nonlocal realism defies the classical reality via quantum features of "spooky action at a distance" [20]. This nonlocal correlation violating local realism is the unique feature of quantum mechanics that cannot be explained or achieved by any classical means. To satisfy the nonlocal correlation, it is commonly accepted that target photons must be nonclassical [13-23]. Recently, the quantum feature of Franson-type nonlocal correlation [24,25] has been newly interpreted with the wave nature of photons, i.e., coherence optics, where the phase-determined nonlocal correlation should be provided by local realism of coherence optics [26]. In other words, each entangled photon entering a noninterfering MZI of the Franson scheme must satisfy self-interference even under the condition of overall (effective) decoherence, where the coherence of each entangled photon pair relies on the pump photon due to phase matching condition of χχ(2) nonlinear optics. Thus, each locally measured photon should show a typical interference fringe, i.e., self-interference if the pump laser is quite narrow compared with that of entangled photons. The wide bandwidth-distributed photon ensemble generated from a spontaneous parametric down conversion process (SPDC) washes out this coherence feature in each photon pair, resulting in local randomness [27]. Here, the key factor is that the bandwidth of an entangled photon ensemble is much broader than that of each photon [26,27]. With the proper design of an asymmetric MZI, the two features of single-photon coherence and ensemble decoherence can be simultaneously provided [25,26]. Thus, the Franson-type nonlocal correlation based on each photon pair does not have to be affected by the ensemble decoherence if coincidence detection is involved [26]. In this paper, a contradictory phenomenon of nonlocal correlation to the conventional understanding of quantum mechanics is presented using the classical means of attenuated laser light to speculate the quantum feature.


Abstract : We propose the paradigm of Incentivized Cloud Computing to examine ways of addressing the dilemma of a cloud consumer wanting to utilize cloud resources, but at the same time having to risk the security of its data and applications by trusting a cloud provider to properly manage them. In particular, we look at the theory of incentives, from the areas of economics, health care and public policy, as a means to strengthen the trust relationship between a cloud consumer and cloud provider.


randomized trials (LADIES, LAPLAND, and SCANDIV) are eagerly awaited to establish the definitive role of laparoscopic lavage. Despite the great appreciation for the hard work of Thornell and colleagues in running a randomized trial in an emergency setting for a life-threatening condition, we would like to warn against the risk of undertreating patients, losing the window of opportunity of a definitive treatment. In our opinion, the time to bid Professor Hartmann adieu has not yet come.


. Bioprinting is a new technology that allows us to overcome the shortage of human organs and tissues in transplantation. This technology, in addition to its positive effect, creates serious risks, since the negative consequences bound to arise from its active implementation remain unknown. For example, deficiencies in digital design of a digital model of a human organ or the skeleton of this organ may harm the life or health of a patient. Therefore, civil liability has become one of the main areas of legal regulation that bioprinting will have a serious impact on. Foreign law enforcement practice indicates that there are problems in determining the model of liability for harm caused in the field of additive technologies and bioprinting. The foreign science of civil law attempts to develop a scientific response to a new technological challenge, in particular, it is proposed to use a number of approaches to compensate for the damage caused by the use of bioprinting technologies. For example, it is proposed to use a special culpable tort or to compensate for damages under the strict liability model. Positions are also expressed in favor of using contractual remedies. harmer do not violate the moral principles of society. This rule may become very important in the future when dealing with questions on liability for harm caused to the patient due to the use of bioprinting technologies in treatment. This will require the use of other compensatory mechanisms aimed at protecting the rights of patients, such as life and health insurance when using bioprinting technologies. of the risk of harm.


Recently, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon (U.F.R. Des Sciences la Terre) has brought out a monograph on the ammonite faunas from the Spiti Shales Formation of the Thakkhola area in central Nepal, based on new data (Docum. Lab. Geol. Lyon, No.166, 2009, 351p., 33figs, 52 pls.; Author: Raymond Enay). New data gathered in Nepal modify the traditional scheme inherited from V. Uhlig and established for the type area of Spiti in Indian Himalaya. In the first part of the monograph, the Spiti Shales Formation in Nepal is described along with biostratigraphical sequence of 9 faunal assemblages. Systematic is the second most important part of the mono-graph. It contains descriptions, discussions and/reviews of 164 species of which 43 are new. They are included within 42 genera of which 6 are new; i.e., Metauhligites, Zeissia, Praekossimatia, Nepalites, and Stevensia Malagasites. Many of the already known genera are fully discussed or revised. Besides, establishment of new taxa, faunas from Nepal enabled to confirm or recognize dimorphism with old know genera.


In the article the semantic analysis of functioning of explicit wishes of goods in German and Russian art texts is presented. Similarities and distinctions in thematic groups these wishes come to light. Also the quantitative analysis of the use of explicit wishes is made.


Ideological and political education is impacted by the rapid development of network technology, computer technology and highspeed communication technology, in aspects of concept, content, ways and means, and can not meet requirements of current network age development. Therefore, the ideological and political education is placed in network technology to form new pattern. This paper, first, made brief overview of the concept and characteristics of ideological and political education in network environment, then summarize college ideological and political education at home and abroad. Afterwards, it analyzed the challenges and opportunities after combined network technology and college ideological and political education, then proposed relative solutions in the perspectives of concept, content, means and position. At last, it put forward the construction of shared community pattern for ideological and political education in network environment, consisting of the organization structure and operation mechanism of shared community.


The aim of our work is to present our own experience in the field of urolithiasis treatment in children using ureteroscopic lithotripsy.


Due to the nonlinear property of the PV panels, there are a few significant restrictions and limitations in the PV solar system. The PV panels always have to depend on environmental conditions such as temperature and solar radiation to generate efficient power. This paper proposed an optimum control system that can handle the uncertainties and nonlinearities of any system by using the Fuzzy Logic Control system (FLC). The proposed system utilized an FLC system for a DC-DC boost converter, tracking the PV panel's maximum power point (MPPT). A PI control system is also used to maintain the continuous power supply for an optimum battery charging system for the DC-DC Buck converter. The goal is to provide constant voltage and appropriate current for charging the battery. It will increase the system efficiency and reduce the losses. It would also increase the battery life cycle and help the battery to charge fast. There are several MPPT methods found in the literature. The FLC can make a precise decision by considering the environmental state of the system. It can get a response to nonlinear environmental conditions instantly. The proposed system yielded an expected accuracy of 92% to 96%, with a system efficiency of 76% to 83%. Besides, it does not require any knowledge about the system since it is a rule-based system. The entire system has been designed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results have been analyzed under 9 environmental states in a 1.0 s period.
ABSTRAK: Berdasarkan struktur tak linear panel PV, terdapat beberapa faktor kekangan yang jelas dan had tertentu dalam sistem solar PV. Panel PV selalunya sering bergantung kepada kondisi persekitaran seperti suhu dan radiasi solar bagi menghasilkan tenaga optimum. Kajian ini mencadangkan sistem kawalan optimum yang dapat mengawal ketidaktentuan dan ketidak linearan apa-apa sistem menggunakan sistem Kawalan Logik Fuzi (FLC). Sistem yang dicadangkan ini menggunakan sistem FLC bagi penukaran penggalak DC-DC, mengesan titik tenaga maksimum panel PV (MPPT). Sistem Kawalan PI turut digunakan bagi menyediakan bekalan tenaga berterusan untuk sistem pengecas bateri optimum melalui penukaran Balik DC-DC. Matlamat adalah bagi menghasilkan voltan berterusan & arus mencukupi bagi mengecas bateri. Ia dapat meningkatkan kecekapan sistem dan mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga. Ia juga dapat meningkatkan kitaran hayat bateri dan membantu bateri mengecas dengan cepat. Terdapat beberapa kaedah MPPT dijumpai dalam kajian terdahulu. FLC dapat menghasilkan keputusan tepat dengan mengambil kira keadaan persekitaran pada sistem tersebut. Ia dapat memberi respon kepada keadaan persekitaran tak linear dengan serta merta. Sistem yang dicadangkan menghasilkan ketepatan yang dijangkakan sebanyak 92% hingga 96%, dengan kecekapan sistem sebanyak 76% hingga 83%. Selain itu, ia tidak memerlukan apa-apa pengetahuan tentang sistem tersebut kerana sistem ini berdasarkan aturan. Keseluruhan sistem dibangunkan menggunakan MATLAB/Simulink. Dapatan simulasi dikaji menggunakan 9 tahap persekitaran dalam tempoh 1.0 s.


In this paper,the basic axiom of setting the material constitutive relationships is expounded; the constitutive relationships of various nonlinear viscoelasticity are introduced; and the correspondence principle for nonlinear viscoelastic problem is discussed.


Breast cancer problems are characterized by increased incidence and trends, including death. The prognosis of survival rate in 5 years in stadium I is 90%, stadium II 65%, stadium III 15-20%, and stadium IV is less than 5%. To determine survival rate and cause of death, survival analysis has been done to find the relationship between survival rate and clinical stages, tumor location, metastasis, age and co-morbidity. A retrospective cohort study of inpatient breast cancer cases in Ibnu Sina UMI Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia 2013-2016 was selected as 108 cases out of 436 all inpatient cases. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard methods. The results showed that the survival probability was 0.029, and the median survival was 20 months at intervals from 0 to 46 months. Significant related factors with survival rete were metastasis and co-morbidity. The Hazard Ratio of cancer stadium II dan III was 2,061 and hazard ratio of cancer stadium IVwas 1.571. Moreover, Stadium III survival rate was 73.1%, and stadium IV / metastases decreased to 6.5%, but it was increased to 42.6% when treated. Suggestion of the need for early detection of breast cancer, so women should come early to visit health facilities.


The Ross procedure is performed for the treatment of aortic valve disease in children and young adults. The diseased aortic valve is removed and replaced with the patient's pulmonary valve, and a pulmonary homograft is implanted in the pulmonary position. The Ross procedure due to outstanding hemodynamic parameters and no need for anti-coagulation provides the patients with a better quality of life compared to the patients who have undergone the mechanical aortic valve replacement. The implantation of the autograft in the subcoronary position was first described by Donald Ross. Then the Ross procedure has been modified and shifted toward a full


Phyllodes tumours are rare biphasic breast lesions that generally occur in older women than fibroadenomas. We report case of a 14 year old girl who presented with a 1 year history of an ulcerated fungating left breast mass that required mastectomy. The general lack of awareness of breast disease in our community or knowledge of available therapies is discussed. The relevant literature is also reviewed.


The analysis of the customer survey conducted for the present study starts with this chapter. The chapter has been organised into two sections. The first section presents the demographic profile of the respondents from rural and urban branches separately, and the second section comparatively analyses the level of awareness with respect to banking services between the customers of rural and urban branches in Punjab.


A study of inducing polyploidy by treating in vitro stem segment of Moringa oleifera, PKM-1, was carried out with different concentrations of colchicines solution and different treated durations, also the effect of different exterior plant growth regulators with different concentration on proliferation.The results indicated that MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L was the optimum medium for generation, MS+6- BA 0.6 mg/L was the favorable medium for adventitious bud proliferate medium, tetraploid plantlets were obtained by treatment with 0.1% colchicines for about 24h.


There are analytical methods in the literature where a zero-free-length spring-loaded linkage is perfectly statically balanced by addition of more zero-free-length springs. This paper provides a general framework to extend these methods to flexure-based compliant mechanisms through (i) the well know small-length flexure model and (ii) approximation between torsional springs and zero-free-length springs. We use first-order truncated Taylor's series for the approximation between the torsional springs and zero-free-length springs so that the entire framework remains analytical, albeit approximate. Three examples are presented and the effectiveness of the framework is studied by means of finite-element analysis and a prototype. As much as 70% reduction in actuation effort is demonstrated. We also present another application of static balancing of a rigid-body linkage by treating a compliant mechanism as the spring load to a rigid-body linkage.


The purpose of the present study is to determine the motor types of younger children and find out the most important characteristics of the individual motor types. The children were 138 girls and 125 boys 5 years of age, from the city of Maribor and its surroundings. For the assessment of motor abilities twentyeight tests were used. Ward's hierarchical method was used for the classification of children into groups. Both genders have achieved similar results. On the basis of these results we conclude that for boys and girls there are three groups with the following characteristics: a) above-average general motor efficiency, c) belowaverage general motor efficiency, b) average general motor efficiency. For 5 year-old children it is primarily the general motor ability, defined by the informational and energy components of movement, which has the most influence on the prevailing motor types. Results obtained in this way could help us to plan a transformational process within the framework of the sports activities, which is adapted to the needs of individual groups of children.


Inview of some corrosion of chemical water treatment installations and facilities by Thermal Power Plant of Yizheng Chemical Fibre Company,the article introduced processing method for corrosion of Thermal Power Plant of Yizheng Chemical Fibre Company,which experiences can be used in other water treatment plants.


Summary. Activated protein C (APC) resistance, determined with a thrombin‐generation‐based APC resistance test, may explain risk differences of venous thrombosis in users of second‐ and third‐generation oral contraceptives (OC). To clinically validate this test, we analysed the Leiden thrombophilia case–control study (474 patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis and 474 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects). Data for men and women were analysed separately. As hormonal status in women is known to strongly influence the APC sensitivity ratio (APCsr), additional strata (OC use and menopausal state) were defined. The APCsr was higher in all patients than in control subjects. Odds ratios (OR), using the 90th percentile of all control subjects (APCsr > 4·5) as cut‐off, were: 7·5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–33·8] for men, 3·0 (95% CI 1·0–8·8) for premenopausal women not using OC, 4·8 (95% CI 1·6–14·7) for premenopausal women using OC and 4·7 (95% CI 1·4–15·6) for postmenopausal women. After excluding the carriers of factor V Leiden, the OR became infinite for men (no control had an APCsr > 4·5), 1·4 (95% CI 0·2–8·2) for premenopausal women not using OC, 3·4 (95% CI 1·1–10·8) for premenopausal women using OC and 3·6 (95% CI 0·6–20·5) for postmenopausal women. A high APCsr, determined with the thrombin‐generation‐based APC resistance test, predicts venous thrombotic risk, in populations with and without factor V Leiden. In addition, acquired APC resistance resulting from OC use predicts an increased risk for venous thrombosis independent of factor V Leiden.


ABSTRACT Urbanization is one of the most significant and irreversible forms of land change, but we lack empirical evidence of these changes in the Global South. This is the first study to quantify past and explore future land change for the Durban metropolitan, using Land Change Modeler (LCM) software. Results show between 1994–2016, the total changed area was 118,403 ha (47% of landscape) and eleven transition categories were responsible for these changes. Three scenarios were explored: Scenario 1: business as usual (BAU), Scenario 2: green space protection (GSP), and Scenario 3: integrated rapid public transport network (IRPTN), up to the year 2076. BAU and IRPTN show similar projected spatial change concentrated in the west and north. GSP shares temporal change trends with BAU, but projects spatial change concentrated in the north and south. We discuss the utility of this modelling approach to understand land change processes useful for climate change planning.


Background
 CD30 was expressed in about 40% diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), epically in activated B cell subtype DLBCL(ABC-DLBCL) and implied superior outcome. however, the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.
 Methods
 Three ABC-DLBCL cell lines (SuDHL2, TMD8, HBL1) were used for construction of stably CD30 expression cell lines. The proliferation of these cell lines was measured by MTT assay. Cell cycles were detected by Flow Cytometry after staining with PI. Expression of CyclinD1, p27, CDK2, ERK, phosphorylation-ERK, p38, phosphorylation p38 was detected by Western Blot. Nude mice were used in vivo study.
 Results
 With CD30 overexpression, the proliferation and division of SuDHL2, TMD8 and HBL1 cell lines were promoted. CyclilnD1, CDK2 were upregulated and p27 was downregulated after of CD30 overexpression. Furthermore, CD30 was knock down by treated CD30 shRNA in CD30 overexpression cell lines. CD30 KD could reverse the the proliferation induced by CD30 expression. CD30 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in ABC-DLBCL cells. In vivo study, CD30 overexpression was correlated with cell proliferation and division.
 Conclusion
 Taken together, our date showed CD30 promotes proliferation and division by activating ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal pathways, and targeting CD30 may be a novel therapeutic approach for improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy in ABC-DLBCLs.
 Key words: CD30, ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK, ABC- diffuse large B cell lymphoma

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This study focuses in the synthesis of ceramic pigments based on the crystal structure of willemite (Zn2SiO4). The willemite obtained from the combination of commercial zinc oxide and rice husk ash is produced in a conventional ceramic process without the use of mineralizer agent and with the addition of cobalt oxide or nickel oxide as the source of chromophore ions. The synthesis temperature used was 1200°C. The characterization of pigments involves the use of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The pigments applied in matte enamel and sintered at 1100°C or 1200°C developed color between blue and beige. The construction of absorbance curves showed the color development behavior of each pigment. The results showed the possibility of obtaining willemite, from rice husk ash and the color development efficiency of the material, besides showing the interference of chromophore ion (Ni and Co) in color development.


A generalized quadrature formula was introduced to estimate the numerical solutions of the integral of convex functions. The formula was composed of the difference between two parts of the areas of the trapezoid and the weighted convex patch. The range of weight coefficient of the convex patch was from 0 to 1 evaluated by the Hadamard's inequality. Tuning the weighted value of the convex patch could be considered as using different order curve to approximate the integrand. The classical trapezoid and Simpson quadrature formulas could also be reformulated and composed of the difference between the areas of the trapezoid and the patch weighted by 0 and, respectively. Thus those classical quadrature formulas were generalized. The numerical experiments were performed to compare the computing performance of our proposed equation using different weight values. In addition, the generalized formula looks much simple and understandable compared with the classical.


The possibility of generating three different translational surfaces of velarodial type by having the same main frame of the surface is proved and illustrated. Using these three different ruled surfaces as middle surfaces of thin shells allows to extend the number of architectural forms in construction practice. Static analysis of the shells with the middle surfaces under consideration is performed using the SCAD standard finite element software. The results of the analysis of different ruled shells with oval-shaped base, but of the same main frame, imply that the stress, moment and displacement distributions are almost identical in two of the three shells. Moreover, it is established that the Gaussian curvature of these two shells is negative, and is zero in the third one. Therefore, there is no sense in determining the optimal shell in terms of strength out of the two shells with negative Gaussian curvature. Rather, these two shells may be evaluated based on another criterion, for example, complexity of manufacturing.


Abstract A highly concise and efficient total synthesis of 2-epi-(–)-pachastrissamine is described utilizing a three-component tandem cross-metathesis–intramolecular SN2′ substitution–cross-metathesis from the readily available alcohol (+)-8, wherein the substituted tetrahydrofuran formation and alkyl-chain extension are both accomplished in a one-pot manner. This route allows for direct access to pachastrissamines and their synthetic analogues at C(2).


Gerhardtia foliicola is reported as a new record for Pakistan. The species is characterized by a reddish brown and hygrophanous pileus, densely crowded lamellae, small sized ellipsoid basidiospores with irregular outline and occurrence on leaf litter and humus in broadleaf forests.
 Our phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region clustered the Pakistani collections in the same clade with G. foliicola sequences from Japan. Detailed description of macro- and micro-characters, habitat, general distribution, and diagnostic
 features important for delimiting G. foliicola from closely related taxa are presented.


The new technologies adopted in concrete construction in Three Gorges Project include:the establishment of the system for ensuring the technology and quality of high speed construction,development of the technology of twice cooling of the aggregates,optimization of the mixing ratio of the concrete and implementation of the comprehensive technology for temperature control in the whole process of construction.These new technologies ensure the high intensity construction of the Project.


In this study we wanted to find out how the patients' preoperative status and the characteristics of the bypass operation affect the left ventricular function during isometric handgrip test


Natural and semi-natural ecosystems in many parts of the world are in the most serious danger of being degraded or lost through Man's mistaking short-term economic gains under temporarily favourable conditions for long-term stability. This is particularly obvious in arid and semi-arid regions where ill-advised land-use methods have led to profound and often irreversible changes. Under the austere conditions prevailing in such regions, the dynamic ecological equilibrium is fragile: minor changes in the physical environment entail dramatic changes in plant and animal life. These circumstances lead easily to desertification. Due to overexploitation of natural resources by Man (especially overgrazing, and overcutting of shrubs) in North Africa, desertification has proceeded at a rate of more than 100 square kilometres per year. There is a great need to establish scientific bases for the conservation and rational use of the resources of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, especially in regions fringing the deserts where these resources continue to disappear regularly and all too rapidly. The western Mediterranean desert of Egypt provides clear examples of such losses. As a result of the misuse of its resources, the region is producing at a rate that is probably far below its real potential. Agriculture (mainly barley cultivation) provides the livelihood for 74% of the population between Alexandria and Daba'a; this agriculture is either rain-fed (along most of the coastal strip), supplied by Nile and drainage-water mixed (Mariut Project, 500,000 feddan = 210,000 ha), or fed by irrigation and rainfall where Nile water is used as a supplementary source (Mariut Extension Project, 18,000 feddan). The most important land-use in terms of area, however, is animal husbandry (very largely sheep and goats, whose herding becomes more important and farming less important passing from the sea towards the interior). Actually there is overstocking, so that range vegetation is seriously depleted due to overgrazing and poor management. Various land-use policies have been tried in the past decades with varying degrees of success, though fig and olive cultivations, which act within the framework of the natural ecosystem and with minimum human intervention, have a remarkable record of viability. The Samdene Project (Systems Analysis of Mediterranean Desert Ecosystems of Northern Egypt) was conceived to bring together information on the Mediterranean desert ecosystems of northern Egypt. The Project involves the construction of predictive models simulating the major ecosystems of the region interms of energy flow and circulation of matter, and of spatial and temporal changes in plants and animals aswell as in soil features in relation to environmental variations. So he preliminary results are already offered on soil moisture, vegetation, effects of fencing, phenology, litter production, and soil fauna.


Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) were performed in the pulp and seeds from rippened jenipap fruits. Fatty acids present in the sample were evaluated by methylation in terms of qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis of the fatty-acids were realized by comparisson of the retention time of the sample against the standard curve. The quantitative determination was based in the peak areas in the chromatogram. The result showed that palmitic and linoleic acids were present in the highest level.


This research aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of Brazilian municipalities in the implementation of the Brazilian federal program for affordable housing Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) program. The study discusses characteristics or factors that seem to affect municipal efficiency in policy implementation providing theoretical and empirical support to research in the area. The MCMV program is part of the Social and Urban Infrastructure axis of the Growth Acceleration Program (Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – PAC). The work was divided into two stages. The first step is the classification of municipalities into homogeneous groups. The second refers to the municipalities' relative efficiency in the MCMV, through the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA). As a result, we identified that Brazilian municipalities have different structuring patterns. The majority of them were classified as poorly structured or minimally structured. In the analyzed data, we observed a clear regional pattern, where South and Southeast have more well-structured municipalities compared to the Central-west, North, and Northeast. By analyzing the relative efficiency in MCMV, considering as universe only municipalities that completed MCMV projects between 2012 and 2016, better-structured municipalities also presented better results, indicating that structural conditions may be determinants of program performance. In contrast, the regional analysis presented that Centralwest, North, and Northeast demonstrated efficient municipalities more often, on average, in implementing the program.


Objective To observe the effectiveness by the combination therapy of 5-Fu and valaciclovir hydrochoride treating condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods 70 cases of CA were divided into two groups randomly, the patients in the 5-Fu and valaciclovir hydrochoride group were treated by the locally therapy of 5-Fu and were administered by valaciclovir hydrochoride, while the control group were treated by 5-Fu only, all the patients were followed. Results All the patients were cured, the recurrent rate of the 5-Fu and valaciclovir hydrochoride group was 7.50%, the control group was 26.67%, the difference was significant ( P 0.05). Conclusion The combination therapy of 5-Fu and valaciclovir hydrochoride is very effective and useful in the treatment of CA, and it can reduce the recurrent rate of CA.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease in orthopedic practice, which is characterized by chronic pain in the joints and joint dysfunction. OA of the carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) of the thumb is the most common type of hand osteoarthritis. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) for osteoarthritis of the CMCJ of the thumb (stage II–III Kellgren–Lawrence) in patients with persistent pain syndrome for 3 months and with failure of NSAIDs therapy. The study included 18 patients with stage II–III CMCJ OA who received intraarticular injection of HA drugs with a mass of 2400,000 kDa in the volume of 1.0 ml twice with an interval of 10 days. Demographic characteristics, body mass index, stage of osteoarthritis (CMCJ), severity of pain syndrome according to visual analog scale (VAS) and upper limb function assessed with the DASH questionnaire (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) were evaluated. Data was collected at the start of the study and in 1, 3 and 6 months after the first injection. DASH and VAS scores were compared using a variance analysis of repeated measurements. The non-parametric Friedman criteria was used to check the differences in proportions. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant improvement in DASH values in 1, 3 and 6 months after injection. There were statistically significant differences between DASH values at the start of treatment and 6 months after therapy: χ²=45.7; df 3, p<0.001. There was also a significant decrease in the average VAS score during the study in 1, 3 and 6 months after the first injection. The differences in VAS score at the start of treatment and in 6 months reached statistical significance: χ²=47.1; df 3, p<0.001. Improvement occurred after 1 month after first injection and persisted throughout the entire follow-up period for 6 months. HA injections provide pain relief and improve upper limb function in patients who are resistant to analgesics and physiotherapy. A significant decrease in pain was observed as early as 1 month after the first intra-articular injection of GNC. The obtained results already allow us to recommend the use of HA drugs for CMCJ OA.


. An essential characteristic of pedagogical activity is its conflict potential. Such specific features as high social and normative expectations and significant overloading of roles in combination with individual psychological characteristics of teacher's personality lead to the emergence or exacerbation of various intrapersonal conflicts. Unsettled conflict usually becomes a constant source of discontent with yourself and the environment, causes a high level of anxiety, starts devastating processes of emotional burnout. Therefore, it is important to provide timely assistance to teachers in situations of intrapersonal conflicts. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of empirical identification of intrapersonal conflict factors of primary school teachers. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to investigate the factors of teachers conflict behaviour at the empirical level; 2) to determine the specifics and nature of the relationship between the level and characteristics of conflict and creativity, between the motivation of achievement and development of subjective qualities of a primary school teacher. Research tools: adapted methods of K. Thomas (N. Hrishyna) on the diagnosis of the style of behaviour in a conflict situation; methods of diagnosis of personality motivation for success (T. Ehlers); methods of studying frustration reactions (S. Rosenzweig); methods of diagnostics of interpersonal relations (L. Sobchyk); A. Rukavyshnikov's methods for the definition of mental burnout; Drawing Apperceptive Test (DAT); methods of self-actualization A. Maslow adapted by Gozman, Kroz & Latinskaya. The total number of respondents - 32 primary school teachers of secondary schools in Drohobych, Lviv region. The analysis of the obtained


Reduction of corporations' direct or indirect carbon emissions is one of the most important yet complicated challenges facing by the society in the effort for climate change mitigation. It is also empirically proven that the industry and the industrial have been acknowledged as the major causes and contributors to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Business corporations contribute to the success of converting natural resources into weal th, which have directly created today's sophisticated social world but unfortunately, at the same time, deteriorating the environment. The economic production forms unfortunately will continue to contribute to pollution. Consequently, in order to achieve sustainability, corporation specifically corporate accounting should not only focus on financial profitability but must take action to counter the effects of their greenhouse gases emissions especially carbon dioxide, the cause of climate change for the betterment of the environment. One of the ways is to collaborate with stakeholders in the effort of carbon emissions mitigation because the hazardous impacts of climate change are not only affecting the environment but also the economy.


An interregional filtering-down process of a household asset was examined through the study of spatial changes in the age mix of private cars. The relative share effect of shift share analysis was used to identify cities exporting and importing old cars using Israel as a national case. A causal path model supported the hypothesis that a core-periphery filtering-down process characterizes the spread of private cars. A further analysis of the car market demonstrated the regional impact of the automobile filtering process. The latter was found to have a core-positive effect that both directly and indirectly, increases regional inequality. Peripheries thus are always expected to have a relatively larger share of secondary goods than do the cores. The theoretical context of the study is presented first and followed by a proposed mechanism by which the age structure (hereafter the age mix) of the car market is changed. Using Israel as a national case, both a shift-share and a path analysis are used to examine and test the filtering- down process. Finally, the regional implications of the process are discussed.


Background:
 The myrisolated alanine rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is over expressed in animal models of intimal hyperplasia (IH) and in several human neoplasms. Further it has been demonstrated that MARCKS knock-down in vivo arrests vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. We hypothesize that MARCKS arrests VSMC proliferation through a p27 dependent mechanism.

 Materials and Methods:
 Human coronary artery VSMC (Lonza) were grown in culture. Cell proliferation was determined by the AlamarBlue assay. Protein expression was determined by Western Blot analysis. MARCKS signaling was stimulated by treatment with the phorbol ester PMA, and MARCKS signaling was inhibited by either siRNA mediated knock-down or with one of two peptides that act as selective competitive antagonists.

 Results:
 Stimulation of VSMC in culture with PMA for 30 minutes resulted in and increased fraction of phosphor-MARCKS and complete knock-down of p27 protein. Treatment of VSMC in culture with siRNA resulted in arrest of cell proliferation, an increase in p27 expression with no change in p21 expression. Similarly, the peptide designed to specifically inhibit the functions of the N-terminal domain also resulted in similar effects in proliferation, p27, and p21 expression. The same results were noted when a separate peptide designed to inhibit the functions of the C-terminus domain was used to treat VSMC in culture.

 Conclusion:
 MARCKS signaling results in decreased p27 expression, which possibly explains proliferative VSMC phenotype observed in animal models of IH. Blockade of MARCKS signaling by siRNA mediated knock-down results in decreased cell proliferation and increased p27 protein expression. Antagonists to either the N- and C-terminus domains yield similar results in proliferation and p27 expression. VSMC proliferation requires both functional domains of MARCKS.


The structures of voafrine A and voafrine B, two novel dimeric indole alkaloids isolated from Voacanga africana Stapf cell suspension cultures, were established and the medium-dependent formation of both alkaloids was investigated.


Qujing Basin is one of several Tertiary sedimentary basins with the discovered biogenic gas resources in Yunnan Province.Through tectonic and sedimentary interpretation using two-dimensional seismic lines(combining) with geological data and well logs,this article discusses the tectonic characteristics and evolution of this basin,and analyzes the effect of tectonic evolution on the accumulation elements of biogenic gas.During the subsidence of faulting stage within the Early to Mid Oligocene,the major gas source-rocks of the large-scale dark mudstone of Caijiachong Formation were deposited.From the Late Oligocene to the Early Pliocene,as a result of cooling due to the entire uplift and erosion of this basin,the over-consumption of the organic matters in Caijiachong Formation by organic maturation and hydrocarbon generation or biogas generation significantly was avoided.In the period of down-warping stage of the Late Pliocene,the secondary gas source rocks of the coal-bearing,sandstone reservoirs,mudstone cap-beds and lithological traps in Ciying Formation were formed.In the end of Pliocene,the basin underwent the stage of compression-shearing uplift and shrink,structural traps of fault nose and fault-anticlines as well as structural-lithological combination traps were formed;The steady(subsidence) stage of the Quaternary was the period of biogas accumulation.


Pathology of the cardiovascular system significantly affects the operational period, and improvement in cardiovascular system always and definitely can provide the prolongation of life. So the study of differences in life expectancy between aboriginal and migrant female population living in the North of the Russian Federation is based on the state of the cardiovascular system. To study the dynamics of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system in female population of Ugra Ob of the North of Russia, the authors used the method of cardiorythm registration. It is defined that parasympathetic division (parameter SIM) dominates over the sympathetic division (parameter PAR) of the autonomic nervous system in the youngest age group of women. The authors found diametrically opposite dynamics of PAR in two age groups: migrant population has a high initial value at a young age (12.5.a.u.) in comparison with the natives (10,6 a.u. source). However, in older age, these differences remain (7,84 a.u. and 6,87 a.u. respectively). Description of the dynamics of increase of the sympathetic and downs parasympathetic effect was produced in the framework of the model of Verhulst-Pearl, i.e., systems with saturation. However, the parameters of RR-intervals in the migrant population have a parabolic dependence.


Temporal variability in species distribution remains a major source of uncertainty in managing protected marine species, particularly in ecosystems with significant seasonal or interannual variation, such as the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). Spatially explicit species– habitat models have become valuable tools for decision makers assisting in the development and implementation of measures to reduce adverse impacts (e.g. from fishery bycatch, ship strikes, anthropogenic sound), but such models are often not available for all seasons of interest. Broadscale migratory patterns of many of the large whale species are well known, while seasonal distribution shifts of small cetaceans are typically less well understood. Within the CCE, species– habitat models have been developed based on 6 summer−fall surveys conducted during 1991 to 2008. We evaluated whether the between-year oceanographic variability can inform species predictions during winter−spring periods. Generalized additive models were developed to predict abundance of 4 cetacean species/genera known to have year-round occurrence in the CCE: common dolphins Delphinus spp., Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis, and Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli. Predictor variables included a combination of temporally dynamic, remotely sensed environmental variables and geographically fixed variables. Across-season predictive ability was evaluated relative to aerial surveys conducted in winter−spring 1991 to 1992, using observed:predicted density ratios, nonparametric Spearman rank correlation tests, and visual inspection of predicted and observed distributions by species. Seasonal geographic patterns of species density were captured effectively for most species, although some model limitations were evident, particularly when the original summer−fall data did not adequately capture winter−spring habitat conditions.


The baric dependences of conductivity and permittivity were measured for several metal oxide powders in the pressure range up to 6 GPa. Mixtures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with metal oxides after plastic deformation under 2 GPa pressure were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Pressure treatment caused the formation of mixture metastable states characterized by thermograms containing bimodal peaks of HDPE fusion with enthalpies of 200-280 J/g and broad endothermic peaks in the temperature range 20-100°C with enthalpies of 100-200 J/g.


Bogor city has fourteen tourism site among others are Bogor Botanical Garden, Bogor Zoology Museum, Bogor Soil Museum, Bogor Museum of Ethnobotany, The Bogor Palace, Defenders of Homeland Museum (PETA), Plaza Kapten Muslihat, Bogor Museum of Struggle, Batutulis Inscription, The Jungle, Jungle Fest, Country Club Cimanggu (Marcopolo), Rancamaya Golf Country, and Situ Gede. Analysis of Potential and Priority of Tourism Development in Bogor City, West Java Province is a research that aims to: (1) analyze tourism potential (2) analyze the priority scale of tourism development in Bogor City, West Java Province. The research using direct observation method is direct observation using the observation sheet provided for the observer. The analysis was done by using the combined potential of tourism object and SWOT analysis. There are three research results that show that (1) the potential of tourism in Bogor City has the potential value of combined (internal and external potential) that vary from low – high. High potential is on tourism site Bogor Botanical Garden, The Jungle, Rancamaya Golf Country, The Bogor Palace, Country Club Cimanggu (Marcopolo), and Batutulis Inscription which is where the total score is between 38 – 48. Medium potential is on tourism site Plaza Kapten Muslihat, Defenders of Homeland Museum (PETA), Bogor Zoology Museum, Jungle Fest, Bogor Soil Museum, Bogor Museum of Ethnobotany, and Bogor Museum of Struggle which is where the total score is between 28 – 37. low potential is on tourism site Situ Gede which is where the total score is between 18 – 27. (2) The priority scale of tourism development in the city of Bogor is a tourist attraction that has a low potential value combined is Situ Gede with a total score of 27. Then from SWOT analysis can be made development strategy that is giving special development plan on tourism site Situ Gede whose development is more towards its external potential such as the provision of toilets, places of worship, regular public transport, road improvements to locations and promotions.

Keywords: Potential Tourism, Priorities Development, Bogor City Tours.


In this work, we theoretically investigated a unique and sensitive optical biosensor for detecting and sensing blood plasma using a structurally chiral medium. The proposed biosensor is a defective one-dimensional structure made from a structurally chiral material with 4¯2m point group symmetry where the defect layer is considered as a channel for the blood plasma. The transmission and reflection of the structure are investigated utilizing the transfer matrix method for the circularly polarized waves. It is shown that a defect mode is created in the middle of the circular Bragg photonic band gap for the right-handed circularly polarized waves and experiences a red shift by increasing the blood plasma concentration. Also, it is observed that the sensitivity of the sensor can be increased by increasing the thickness of the defect layer. In addition, we reveal that the increase of the tilt angle of the structurally chiral medium results in the decrease of photonic band gap width and causes to blue-shift of the defect mode. As a result, the performance of the sensor decreases by increasing the tilt angle. The proposed structure has an easy and efficient manufacturing process, high stability and cost-effectiveness and can provide real-time blood plasma biosensors.


We report a one-chip 400-G coherent receiver that employs a heterogeneously integrated silica-based PLC with low-loss three-branched spot size converters, an extinction ratio tunable PBS and 16 InP-PDs. 32-Gbaud DP-16QAM signal demodulation was successfully demonstrated.


Constructivism's founding assumptions are being questioned by its proponents and opponents in a quest for alternatives to, or refined forms of, that theoretical approach. This paper suggests that such questioning may indicate that science and technology studies (S&TS) is ready to reconsider another approach based on Heideggerian phenomenology. Some innovators and innovation scholars appear ready to move on to this alternative approach to knowledge. They seem to have opened to the Heideggerian alternative by confronting the practical inadequacies of orthodox science and engineering. This paper suggests that S&TS is facing a similar confrontation with the inadequacies of constructivism's founding assumptions. The alternative approach explored involves a partnership with `Being' that decentres the subject, but without resorting to heterogeneous agency or to realism. This partnership is based on understanding the implications of the interplay between `Being' granting and withholding knowledge. This paper suggests that S&TS may now be ready to look at this interplay as an alternative to people constructing knowledge.


PURPOSE
To assess the performance of the deformable image registration algorithm used for MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy using image feature analysis.

METHODS
MR images were collected from five patients treated on the MRIdian (ViewRay, Inc., Oakwood Village, OH), a three head Cobalt-60 therapy machine with an 0.35 T MR system. The images were acquired immediately prior to treatment with a uniform 1.5 mm resolution. Treatment sites were as follows: head/neck, lung, breast, stomach, and bladder. Deformable image registration was performed using the ViewRay software between the first fraction MRI and the final fraction MRI, and the DICE similarity coefficient (DSC) for the skin contours was reported. The SIFT and Harris feature detection and matching algorithms identified point features in each image separately, then found matching features in the other image. The target registration error (TRE) was defined as the vector distance between matched features on the two image sets. Each deformation was evaluated based on comparison of average TRE and DSC.

RESULTS
Image feature analysis produced between 2000-9500 points for evaluation on the patient images. The average (± standard deviation) TRE for all patients was 3.3 mm (±3.1 mm), and the passing rate of TRE<3 mm was 60% on the images. The head/neck patient had the best average TRE (1.9 mm±2.3 mm) and the best passing rate (80%). The lung patient had the worst average TRE (4.8 mm±3.3 mm) and the worst passing rate (37.2%). DSC was not significantly correlated with either TRE (p=0.63) or passing rate (p=0.55).

CONCLUSIONS
Feature matching provides a quantitative assessment of deformable image registration, with a large number of data points for analysis. The TRE of matched features can be used to evaluate the registration of many objects throughout the volume, whereas DSC mainly provides a measure of gross overlap. We have a research agreement with ViewRay Inc.


The bridge deck pavement has become a crucial technical conundrum, which is mainly based on the fully understand about the pavement stress response and its characteristics. In this article after modeling the whole concrete bridge with simply supported Tbeams, the 3D FEM is employed to determine the critical loading position and to analyze, the different stress response of decks with different structure combinations under non-uniform loads. The result shows that when the loading is on the edge of the margin beam, the pavement suffers more dangerous stress response; the non-uniform loads will greatly affect the stress lesponse, the max shear stress and the interlayer shear stress induced by protuberant loads are more disadvantageous; with the decrease of the height of the pavement, the sliding trend between pavement and decks become more severe; furthermore the effective material design combined with rational structure combination is very important for the asphalt pavement of bridge deck.


The mediation mechanism of administrative litigation is an effective means to achieve the unification of juristic and social effect as well as the strategic thought of constructing a harmonious socialist society in the field of administrative litigation.Yet the mediation mechanism is encountering so many obstacles at present that it can barely perform its real function.Administrative litigation should serve the objective of constructing a harmonious socialist society,keep pace with practice and amend the legislation so as to establish a mediation mechanism of its own.


A model describing the heat and mass transfer in cylindrical finned reactor of solar adsorption refrigerator is presented. The reactor is heated by solar energy and contains an adsorbent bed constituted of activated carbon reacting by adsorption with ammonia. From real solar data, the model computes the performances of the machine. The validity of the model has been tested by using experimental device. By using the model and through the analysis of heat and mass transfer phenomenon inside the reactor, we highlighted the sensitivity of the solar COPS of the machine according to the fins number used and the radius of the reactor. Then, we demonstrated the existence of an optimal dimensioning of the reactor.