The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a network system for realizing the remote upgrading of a Zigbee device. The method for realizing the remote upgrading of the Zigbee equipment comprises the following steps of: receiving a firmware downloading instruction from a device management server by utilizing a remote device management protocol, and acquiring firmware according to the firmware downloading instruction; receiving firmware-applicable device range indication information and firmware transmission and upgrading indication information from the remote device management server by utilizing the remote device management protocol; and according to the firmware transmission and upgrading indication information and the firmware-applicable device range indication information, transmitting the acquired firmware to the firmware-applicable Zigbee device by utilizing a Zigbee device firmware upgrading management protocol, and controlling the firmware-applicable Zigbee device to perform a firmware upgrading operation. By the scheme, remote firmware upgrading can be performed on a machine-to-machine (M2M) terminal adopting a Zigbee technology under the condition of less modification.


Partnership and Community Development Program (PKBL) is a type of CorporateSocial Responsibility that plays an important role to the welfare of the community. PKBL has a relationship with corporate tax aggressiveness. PKBL disclosure may trigger tax aggressiveness. The disclosure of PKBL and the degree of tax aggressiveness may indicate the extent to which the company is accountable to the public. So the researcher aims to reveal the relationship of both. Besides this research also aims to know and describe the development of PKBL as well as the level of aggressiveness of SOE manufacturing industry sector during 2012-2016. This research is based on the theory of Lanis & Richardson (2012) which states that the higher disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility, the lower the level of tax aggressiveness undertaken by the company. This research method uses quantitative approach with descriptive and associative analysis type. Methods of data collection in this study used literature study, documentation, and interviews. The sample of this research is annual report during 2012-2016 SOE manufacturing industry sector by using sampling method that is purposive sampling. The effect analysis test using simple linear regression model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach followed by hypothesis significance test with t test. The results showed that during 2012 2016 the progress of Partnership and Community Development Program SOE manufacturing industry sector tends to decline while the level of tax aggressiveness of SOE manufacturing industry sector is high. The Partnership and Community Development Program projected has a negative and significant impact on tax aggressiveness. The higher the Partnership Program and Community Development are disclosed the lower the tax aggressiveness. Contribution of influence of Partnership and Community Development Program to low tax aggressiveness is only 10,9%.


Chekhov's theatre is defined as atmospheric drama describing the state of mind rather than motions. Chekhov did not content himself with the stereotypes dominating at the Russian theatre between the years 1880 and 1890, and he introduced novelty to the theatre. In Chekhov's plays, the audience pays attention to the inner world of the character rather than the motions and psychological struggles more than events. There are many "unimportant" words whose semantic context put on the back burner in the plays. He pushed the events aside and put the accustomed events in the centre. In Chekhov's plays, there is no struggle since there are characters who could be guilty. The love affairs of the characters are more important. The monologues do not qualify as a speech delivered before the people. The dialogues are brief. In his plays, the characters and the events repeated in the dialogues are described with the characteristics of the speech and gestures, the attitudes towards those around the characters and partially their appearances.


The ethnic development is the key to solving ethnic problems.To effectively solve Soviet's ethnic problems,Stalin proposed a series of new ideas for ethnic development,training non-Russian cadres to display "bellwether" function;developing foundation industry,and further emancipating and developing productive force.Thus,the former Soviet Union realized equality among ethnics and common prosperity.Today,many views on Stalin's ethnic development still have reference.


Abstract Writers' libraries represent an overlap between a collection of works of various authorship with the genetic dossiers of literary texts by one single author. Annotations within and modifications of the printed text on the page of a book give rise to theoretical questions of authorship which come to a head in retro-digitisations of material libraries. Using the example of the digital database Thomas Mann Nachlassbibliothek Online, the article focuses on 'text' in its transition from handwritten marginalia on paper to its digital representation on screen. Which textual variants are constituted by annotations ranging from autograph to allograph in the library's printed texts? In what way do editorial categorizations reduce their ambiguity? How are categorizations appearing in the edited representation on screen and how do they translate to machine readability? More pointedly: Which and whose text does the digital scholarly edition convey?


Cikapundung River is a river located in the city of Bandung which is currently crowded with settlements with a population of 750,559 people. Maleer Village is a village that is crossed by the Cikapundung River. Maleer Village has a population of 16,770 people in 2021 with a population density of 393 people/ha. Based on SNI 03-1733-2004, Maleer Village is included in the population density area of 201-400 people/ha. In addition, based on the Bandung City Waste Management System Master Plan document for 2017-2037, Maleer Village is also the first priority area in waste management. The increase in the population in Maleer Village can affect the generation, volume and type of waste produced. so that disposing of river waste will have a negative impact on public health, the environment and poor sanitation, community participation is very important in waste management. Community participation that can be done in waste management is maintaining environmental cleanliness, reducing waste, giving suggestions and suggestions for activities. care for the community who play an active role in waste management by 19%. People who want to participate but do not play an active role in the low income category 16%, the middle income category 22% and the high income category 16%. Waste reduction is divided into two scenarios, where waste reduction in scenario I is 19.50% and waste reduction in scenario II is 30%.


The monoclinic zirconia content in clinically failed ceramic heads was investigated in order to identify the cause of the failure. High percentages of the monoclinic zirconia were associated with the fractured surface. In vitro, accelerated aging of some components shows that the monoclinic transformation is site related: the closer to the bore, the more the monoclinic transformation. This phenomenon may be associated with the composition and the manufacturing process.


Reform of postgraduate medical education (PGME) is not a new phenomenon (Wallenburg et al. 2012; Whitehead et al. 2013). One recurrent theme in this area is a push for training generalists who can serve the public in whatever healthcare and geographical context, and an urge to avoid too many subspecialists, as that would inadvertently increase the number of specialists needed to staff the healthcare system (The Danish Ministry of Health 2000; Wallenburg et al. 2012). There is a political wish to control workforce – both trainees and future specialists – with the purpose of ensuring service to the public throughout the country while keeping down the cost of healthcare. Moreover, in many countries trainee doctors are considered a valuable part of the workforce, and hence there is a political desire to ensure that the composition of


The foundation of any diet should be highly fermentable fibre forage: pasture and/or hay. The ultimate goal in feeding should be to have a healthy horse able to perform at the best of their ability at their level of fitness and conditioning, with a well-supported and robust immune system. All horses, regardless of the level of work, or whether they are used for breeding, will benefit from an intake where no nutrient is deficient and the minerals are balanced.


Meteosat-8 commenced routine operations on January 29 2004. EUMETSAT currently generates atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) from five Meteosat-8 channels: one visible channel (VIS-0.8, channel 2), one infrared channel (IR-10.8, channel 9), two water-vapour channels (WV-6.2 and WV-7.3, channels 5 and 6), and one high resolution visible channel (HRVIS, channel 12). The CO2 slicing method, using the IR 12.0 μm and the IR 13.4 μm channels, is the preferred height assignment method for Meteosat-8 winds. Despite its weaknesses the performance and quality of this method is successful for a large part of the AMVs. Clouds that are highly transparent however, like thin cirrus, are problematic for the CO2 slicing method. Two separate methods are available to cover the height assignment of these cases. The Semi-Transparency Correction (STC) method assumes a linear relationship between the infrared and water vapour radiances of the pixels that represent the cloud scene. It tries to fit a line through the cloudy radiance on the one hand and a cloud-free radiance on the other hand. The intersection point of this line with the so-called opaque cloud curve, which represents imaginary, opaque clouds at different levels in the atmosphere, yields the cloud height. The IR/WV ratioing method is very similar to the STC method, but it relies on fitting a line through the individual cloud pixel radiances, without using the cloud-free radiance. It turns out that this method is very successful in height derivation of clouds that show a large range of transparency. The method does not perform very well for clouds with a uniform transparency because the error margins become very large. But these are exactly the cases for which the STC method is successful. Experience has shown that the STC and the IR/WV ratioing methods are complementary, in the sense that when one of them fails to derive the height of a semi-transparent cloud successfully, the other will be successful, and vice versa. This paper will discuss a number of AMV cases, showing the merits and shortcomings of the available height assignment methods. Plans for further improvement will also be presented.


To the Editors: W e read with great interest an article in your journal about the evaluation of COVID-19–associated myocarditis. As far as we know, COVID-19 is an infectious disease characterized by respiratory symptoms that can affect multiple organs throughout the body. Because of its own characteristics, myocardial cells are easily attacked and infected by viruses. It is clear that myocardial injury poses not only a huge challenge to the management of COVID-19 but also a greater burden for patients. Therefore, it is also important to distinguishCOVID-19myocarditis from other types of myocarditis as early as possible for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Heparin has beenwidely used in clinic for its traditional anticoagulant effect. However, recent studies have elucidated the antiinflammatorymechanismof heparin.Heparin mainly inhibits HMGB1–lipopolysaccharide


In 1849, a group of Catholic, Episcopal, Methodist, and Jewish physicians conceived the idea of a new medical school and asked Father James Ryder, the president of Georgetown College, to regard the new enterprise as the medical department of the Jesuit institution. The request was granted, and in May 1851, the fledgling School opened its first classes. Committed to social justice and outreach, the school has maintained the vision of educating clinically grounded women and men engaged in their city and the world around them. Today, Georgetown is the fifth most likely school to which an African American applies and the 17th most likely for an African American to matriculate (AAMC data). In addition, the school is the 28th most likely to graduate a Hispanic physician.


Steven Lehar Boston University, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems 111 Cummington Street, Second Floor Boston, MA 02215 Tel. (617) 353-6741 An extension to the Boundary Contour System model is proposed to account for boundary completion through vertices with arbitrary numbers of orientations, in a manner consistent with psychophysical observartions, by way of harmonic resonance in a neural architecture. The Ehrenstein figure shown in Figure 1 (A) is one example of many possible combinations of


Commercially developed microarrays, such as those from Agilent® and Affymetrix®, allow for the analysis of differential gene expression changes on a genome-wide scale. Publicly repositories of microarray data, most notably ArrayExpress and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) have made available millions of microarray samples to researchers worldwide. One of the drawbacks of microarray technology is the static construction of probes based on current genomic knowledge and gene annotation information available at the design phase. As the knowledge base about genes expands, including alternative isoform formation and alternative polyadenylation signaling, the need for a dynamically changing approach to microarray expression analysis has become apparent. We have therefore designed a framework for the reanalysis of publicly available microarray datasets by updating probe set construction based on gene, transcript, and region-based (UTR, exon, CDS) annotations. Our analysis of two publicly available GEO series, GSE48611 and GSE72551, illustrate that the analysis of expression changes using different annotation groupings yields additional insight into changes in transcript expression, in particular, 3' UTR dynamics, which are likely to present phenotypical differences.


The remarkable sensitivity, frequency selectivity, and dynamic range of the mammalian cochlea relies on longitudinal transmission of minuscule amounts of energy as passive, pressure-driven, basilar membrane (BM) traveling waves which are actively amplified at frequency-specific locations. Transmission of passive waves through viscous tissue situated in a viscous media is not an easy task. Here we describe mechanical properties of the tectorial membrane (TM) which facilitate this transmission. From mechanical measurements of isolated segments of the TM, we discovered that the stiffness of the TM is reduced when it is mechanically stimulated at physiologically relevant magnitudes and at frequencies below their frequency place in the cochlea. The reduction in stiffness functionally uncouples the TM from the organ of Corti, thereby minimizing energy losses during passive traveling wave propagation. Stiffening and decreased viscosity of the TM at high stimulus frequencies can potentially facilitate active ampl...


In this paper, a fast and robust self-representation (FRSR) method is proposed to select a proper band subset from hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The FRSR assumes the separability structure of the HSI band set and transforms the problem of separable nonnegative matrix factorization into the robust self-representation (RSR) model. Then, the FRSR incorporates structured random projections into the RSR model to improve computational efficiency. The solution of FRSR is formulated into optimizing a convex problem and the augmented Lagrangian multipliers are adopted to estimate the proper factorization localizing matrix in the FRSR. The selected band subset is constituted with the bands corresponding to the r largest diagonal entries of the factorization localizing matrix. The experimental results show that FRSR outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in classification accuracy with lower computational cost.


The economy and social development of our country has been developing rapidly since the reforming and the opening policy and has achieved great progress.However,the economic and social development and the progress of modernization in different regio0ns and areas are not in a balanced state in such a large country with many nationalities.The minorities and minority areas comparatively developed slowly and the gap between the southeastern areas has been enlarged.The research circle has studied the reasons of natural conditions,history,humanity environment,and labor force.What the author wants to discuss is the influence of the local government competition in nowadays China which influences the enlargement of the gap to make the analysis more practical so as to seek for the route to reduce the development disparity.


Clinical central nervous system lesions including intracranial tumors and cerebral trauma are 'commonly accompanied by pulmonary edema (1-5). In the experimental animal cerebral trauma produced in a variety of ways or the intracranial injection of certain substances results in pulmonary edema (6-12). In the rat pulmonary edema has been readily produced by electrolytic lesions in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus ( 13). The mechanisms whereby these clinical and experimental lesions cause pulmonary edema are not understood. There is much evidence that deficiency or destruction of the normal pulmonary surface active material causes alveolar collapse and atelectasis (14, 15). A decrease in alveolar surface activity may also result in pulmonary edema (16). Furthermore, experimental neurologic lesions (vagotomy) cause a diminished surface activity of extracts of the lung of the animal (17). On the other hand, a loss in surface activity can apparently be a result of the pulmonary edema itself ( 18). The purpose of this study was to determine if alterations in surface activity of rat lung extracts occurs in experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema, and if this does occur, to determine whether surfactant loss may be the cause of pulmonary edema in these animals. Materials and Methods. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 181 to 215


The invention discloses a preparation process for sodium 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate. The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) sulfonation: with 1-aminoanthraquinone as a raw material, copper sulfate as a catalyst and dichloroethane as a solvent, carrying out dehydration, then adding chlorosulfonic acid drop by drop for a sulfonation reaction, adding 98% concentrated sulfuric acid after completion of the reaction, extracting 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid out, allowing 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid to enter the concentrated sulfuric acid, separating out an acid phase at a lower layer and subjecting the acid phase to a subsequent reaction; (2) bromination: adding bromine into the concentrated sulfuric acid solution of 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid drop by drop for a reaction so as to obtain the concentrated sulfuric acid solution of bromoamine acid; (3) dilution: adding water into the concentrated sulfuric acid solution of bromoamine acid for dilution and successively carrying out cooling, crystallization and filtering so as to obtain bromoamine acid; and (4) salt formation: adding water to dissolve bromoamine acid and adding sodium sulfite to obtain bromoamine acid sodium salt. The preparation process provided by the invention can reduce energy consumption during solvent recovery; the utilization rate of bromine in bromination is high; sodium sulfite is used for salt formation, so the amount of impurities is reduced; and product quality is high.


Objective To establish the method for content determination of Chlorogenic Acid and total Chlorogenic Acid in Flos Lonicerae.Methods The content of chlorogenic acid was detected by HPLC,and total chlorogenic acid was detected by UV.The separation was carried out on a Dikma Kromasil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid,the flow rate was 0.8 ml·min-1,the detection wavelength was set at 326 nm,the column temperature was 30℃ and the sample size was 10 μl.Results The calibration curve showed good linearity over the range of 0.16~1.6 μg(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 98.75% with RSD was 0.29%.Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,efficient,sensitive,accurate and with good repeatability and recovery,it can be used as a quantitative analysis method for this preparation.


Text number 779 of the Rosen Babylonian Collection, part of the Yale Babylonian Collection, is a contract pertaining to adoption and inheritance; the oath and seal impression preserved on the document reveal that it was drawn up during the reign of Iggid-Lim, king of Hana. This contract, although incomplete, is of importance for the study of the Hana kingdom. It is only the second text known from the reign of Iggid-Lim, and it bears a more complete impression of the seal of Iggid-Lim than is found on the other text; the inscription and iconography of the seal will be analyzed below. The text is also the first adoption contract known from the Hana kingdom and includes some clauses which are not otherwise attested.


Accepting a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and adapting to the unpredictability of the condition throughout one's life can be overwhelming. People with MS are exposed to uncertain and variable symptoms and face the likelihood of reduced physical functioning and disability, with consequent disruptions in education, family functioning, friendships and activities of daily living. This paper looks at the effectiveness of psychological interventions and adjustment management that can be carried out by nurses. Studies have shown benefits for groups of people with MS and low mood using psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy and expressive group therapy. The creation of new adjustment groups whereby nurses can introduce cognitive behavioural principles for people with MS could be an effective way for individuals to learn new skills, new means of managing their emotions, and new behavioural techniques to improve existing mood disorders and aid adjustment to the condition that they can ...


reservas, similares procesos metalogenéticos habrian actuado en el Paleozoico Inferior del Brea. La deformación y el metamorfisme regional hercinicos no han actuado en este sector como un importante reconcentrador de menas, y la mayor parte de indicios epigenéticos Many mineralizations, showings and geochemical anomalies de edad tardihercinicaestán relacionados alas células hidrotermales have been found in the Hercynian of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges inducidas por las intrusiones graniticas p~st-metamÓrfica~. during the last ten years. Many of them are enclosed in the Paleozoic sediments and volcanics and display pre-metamorphic syngenetic characteristics. ~h~ lower carboniferous manganese Palabras clave: Sedex. Metales-base. Metalogenia. Hercinico. and base meta1 deposits appear to be formed from hydrothermal extensional. fluids springing up in the sea floor through active fractures controlling the filling of the basins in aextensional geotectonic setting. Although less evidence and more controversy is available, similar ore forming processes could have taken place in older Paleozoic times. The deformation and metamorphism have not played an important remobilization role, and most epigenetic deposits of Hercynian age INTRODUCTION are related to the hydrothermal cells induced by the post-metamorphic granitic intrusives. The Hercynian materials of the Catalonian Coastal


We study light-beam propagation in a nonlinear coupler with an asymmetric double-channel waveguide and derive various analytical forms of optical modes. The results show that the symmetry-preserving modes in a symmetric double-channel waveguide are deformed due to the asymmetry of the two-channel waveguide, yet such a coupler supports the symmetry-breaking modes. The dispersion relations reveal that the system with self-focusingnonlinearresponsesupportsthedegeneratemodes,whileforself-defocusingmediumthedegenerate modes do not exist. Furthermore, nonlinear manipulation is investigated by launching optical modes supported in double-channel waveguide into a nonlinear uniform medium.


A bank of Escherichia coli clones containing fragments of barley nuclear DNA was obtained using plasmid pBR 322. Clones carrying repeated sequences of the plant genome were selected by means of colony and blot hybridization. Clones with actively transcribed sequences were selected by hybridization to complementary DNA synthesized by means of reverse transcription on a template of total barley poly(A)-containing RNA. Individual families of repeats, two of which contained transcriptionally active sequences of the barley genome, were identified by blot hybridization of recombinant plasmids containing labeled DNA fragments of the inserts of three different clones.


A generic M-ary continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme, with a modulation index of h = M 1 , can be decomposed into a continuous-phase encoder (CPE) followed by a memoryless modulator (MM), where the CPE is linear over the ring of integers modulo M (M being the code radix). Thus, for a binary CPM scheme, M = 2 while for a quaternary scheme, M = 4. By designing a channel encoder (CE), which is a convolutional encoder, to operate over the same ring of integers modulo M, the CE and the CPE can be combined to create another M-ary convolutional encoder called an extended CE. In this paper, we use a code radix of 4 i.e. M = 4. Here, a 1⁄2 rate CE over the ring of integers modulo 4 is combined with the CPE of a 4-ary CPM scheme whose modulation index is h = 1⁄4 to create a quaternary extended CE. Using this trellis coded modulation design, the paper compares the performance of a serial and a parallel-concatenated channel-coding scheme over AWGN and Rayleigh slow flat fading channels. In both schemes, the inner encoder is the quaternary extended CE and the outer encoder is another quaternary convolutional encoder. Due to its lower code rate, the parallel scheme has a better BER performance than the serial scheme. The coding gain is, however, modest. For the parallel scheme, a BER of 2.8 X 10 was attainable at 4 dB Eb/N0 in the AWGN channel.


Formaldehyde is a highly toxic indoor pollutant that can adversely impact human health. Various technologies have been intensively evaluated to remove formaldehyde from an indoor atmospheres. Activated carbon (AC) has been used to adsorb formaldehyde from the indoor atmosphere, which has been commercially viable owing to its low operational costs. AC has a high adsorption affinity due to its high surface area. In addition, applications of AC may be diversified by the surface modification. Among the different surface modifications for AC, amination treatments of AC have been reported and evaluated. Specifically, the amine functional groups of the amine-treated AC have been found to play an important role in the adsorption of formaldehyde. Surface modifications of AC by impregnating and/or grafting the amine functional groups onto the AC surface have been reported in the literature. The impregnation of the amine-containing species on AC is mainly achieved by physical interaction or H-bond of the amines to the AC surface. Meanwhile, the grafting of the amine functional groups is mainly conducted through chemical reactions occurring between the amines and the AC surface. Herein, the carboxyl group, as a representative functional group for grafting on the surface of AC, plays a key role in the amination reactions. A qualitative comparison of amination chemicals for the surface modification of AC has also been discussed. Thermodynamics and kinetics for adsorption of formaldehyde on AC are firstly reviewed in this paper, and then the major factors affecting the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde over AC are highlighted and discussed in terms of humidity and temperature. In addition, new strategies for amination, as well as the physical modification option for AC application, are proposed and discussed in terms of safety and processability.


Pneumothorax is a condition where there is free air between the parietal and visceral pleural leaves within the thoracic cavity. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a recognised cause of respiratory distress in newborn infants. Pneumothorax, which is commonly encountered in neonatal intensive care units, causes high mortality and morbidity especially in premature infants. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important to reduce complications and mortality. In this case report we reported neonate with spontaneous pneumothorax with mild to moderate respiratory distress, who recovered completely with conservative management and no surgical intervention.


The fingerprints analysis of different lines of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce were established by high-performance liquid chromatographic with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD). The analyses were performed on ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase (aqueous 0.05% formic acid-acetonitrile) under gradient conditions. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detecting wavelength was set at 210 nm. HPLC fingerprints of two lines were little different. The similarity of the same line was greater than 0.9, and the average similarity of the different lines was 0.794. This method could be suitable for the line identification and quality control of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce.


The scattering from an inclusion embedded within a host is analyzed within the framework of Biot's theory for wave propagation in porous saturated media. The inclusion and host are assumed to be porous saturated media with distinct material parameters. Norris has derived a solution for radiation from a point source and he has considered a Green's function analysis of the scattering problem [A. N. Norris, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 2012–2022 (1985)]. A transition (T‐) matrix scattering formalism has been developed within the full Biot theory (i.e., including attenuation mechanisms) for an arbitrarily shaped inclusion. In implementing a T‐matrix formalism, Betti's identity from elastic wave scattering [Y. H. Pao, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 302–310 (1978)] was generalized to porous media where the additional slow longitudinal wave is present. The T‐matrix formalism is specialized to a spherical inclusion and calculations of extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections for ideal porous media (no attenuatio...


Troponin rise indicates myocardial cell injury. However, elevated values of troponin are not always consequence of infarction or ischemia.
 In this paper, aim was to elucidate diverse etiologies of elevated troponin in patients with normal coronary angiography.
 At KBC Zagreb in 2014 there was 976 patients identified from catheterization database who underwent coronary angiography due to suspicion of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We identified 30 (3.1%) patients who had alternative cause for myocyte injury other than coronary artery disease (CAD), meaning that there was less than 30 % coronary arterial luminal stenosis.
 The elevation of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in patients with normal coronary angiography was attributed to diverse etiologies, including hypertensive crisis, Takotsubo syndrome, severe aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation (AF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, advanced heart failure, hypertensive cardiomyopathy, acute pulmonary embolism, malignant disease progression, and cardiogenic shock.
 Apart from ACS, cTnT could be elevated in a number of different conditions, which should be considered according to clinical presentation, different diagnostic procedure, and still could reflect myonecrosis, even in the absence of significant angiographic CAD.


The modeling and simulation of radar clutter in the past mostly based on statistical models, this paper by using digital elevation model (DEM), give the clutter model for specific terrain environment, and generate the clutter simulation data. Under the clutter model using digital elevation model (DEM) of specific terrain, compute the radar cross section (RCS). According to radar signal echo equation, determine clutter simulation and generate the specific terrain clutter signal of airborne radar system. The simulation results show that clutter modeling and simulation using the digital elevation model (DEM) can reflect the non-homogeneity of the ground surface, so as to provide more precise clutter data for radar system simulation and signal processing.


Amanda D. Lotz's We Now Disrupt This Broadcast is an outstanding study of crucial moments in television at the turn of the century. This exploration of the "Golden Age of TV" offers unique interpre...


Pericardial tumors include a range of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. Neoplasms of the pericardium can be broadly dichotomized into those that arise within the pericardium (primary pericardial neoplasms) and those that metastasize to involve the pericardium (secondary pericardial neoplasms). Although secondary pericardial neoplasms are, by definition, malignant processes, primary pericardial neoplasms may be either benign or malignant. In general, involvement of the heart or pericardium by metastatic disease is substantially more common than involvement by a primary neoplastic process. It is estimated that metastatic lesions are greater than 100 times more common, and the pericardium is the most common site of said involvement. In high-stage cancer patients, cardiac involvement has been demonstrated in as many as 14% of cases. Primary pericardial processes, on the other hand, have been estimated to account for between 6% and 10% of primary cardiac tumors but are typically benign. Involvement of the pericardium by malignant processes can affect cardiac function several


The author begins by posing a question: What does it mean to speak of clinical teaching, moving from an analysis covering his bases? Then offers a possible answer: first, it means trying to understand what is at the basis of clinical teaching, or what funds this knowledge. It is therefore to investigate the concepts advance the fundamentals of this science, forming and supporting his research, his criticism, his speech. This is necessary to understand how scientific education is born and takes shape in a more practical and problematic context, always in relation with the many dimensions of the subject.


The purpose of the present study is to examine the prediction of academic self-efficacy, learning flow, academic stress, and emotional exhaustion on course satisfaction of cyber university students. The total of 536 students registered in a meditation course at W cyber university was participated in the web-based survey in the spring semester of 2011, and finally 331 students completed this survey. The hypothetical model proposed was composed of academic self-efficacy, learning flow, academic stress, emotional exhaustion as the predictor variables, and course satisfaction as the criterion variable. According to the results of this study through multiple regression analysis, academic self-efficacy, learning flow, academic stress, and emotional exhaustion significantly predicted on course satisfaction. Based on the results of this study, effective methods and strategies for constructing cyber educational environments that enable students to improve academic self-efficacy and learning flow as well as reducing academic stress and emotional exhaustion should be considered.


Both the body and actions of George Eliot's titular character are a source of "half-fearful fascination" in the first pages of Silas Marner (Eliot 1–2). His intimacy with his loom as well as his intimacy with the gold coins he earns for his weaving have been noted as a reflection of his "perverse" desires which must be redirected toward the formation of family (Nunokawa 274). Jeff Nunokawa suggests that this fondling of coins speaks to a masturbatory homosexuality that is made straight and external when the coins are replaced by Eppie's hair. The straightening of Silas Marner, however, also takes place through his relationship with things that are less straightforwardly inanimate and which complicate and challenge the process of sexual discipline itself. Indeed, Silas's intimacy with plants, his love of collecting them, for example, suggests that a queer ecology is operative in Eliot's novel and that plant bodies endow the miser with not just two, but three bodies to love: his own through the fondling of gold, Eppie's through the fondling of her hair, and plants through the fondling of their vegetal bodies. Silas Marner, a competent healer through the use of medical herbs, is queered and treated as someone performing magic for his healing abilities which transform the bodies of plants into his "stuff," a material which suggests that as the miser fondles gold, alchemically turning it into a body, he also transforms the bodies of plants which then may enter other bodies. As Stacey Alaimo suggests, this "transcorporeal" connection with "stuff" suggests the fine line between plant and human bodies, an affinity between which Eliot suggests is insufficiently distinctive and must be eradicated (Alaimo 237). To make matters more complex, Silas' herbal intimacy came to him through his mother. Her status as a village wise woman introduced Silas to a kinship between plants and people. His intimacy with the lively bodies of plants, freely gathered and distilled into "Marner's stuff," must also then be forsaken for the miser to enter into a properly domesticated Victorian modernity (7).


In principle, the world has the ability to feed itself for at least two to three decades with presently known technologies, if employed effectively. However, most of the world's food surpluses originate in North America and Oceania, whereas deficits are growing in much of the rest of the world. Without significant policy changes these countries' nominal foodgrain deficits are likely to triple between 1974 an 1985. Even if these market deficits were filled, without a change in income distribution, large numbers of low income people could not purchase their minimum nutritional needs. Proper nutrition is assumed to be an important development objective of all countries, and thus estimates are also made of the supply which would be needed to ensure adequate nutrition. Even to meet the market deficit through commercial imports would place too great a strain on the balance of payments and the logistic capacity of the low income countries, and it will be necessary for them to depend primarily on increasing domestic production. The paper lays out in broad terms the strategies that seem most appropriate for increasing the availability of food in these countries, and estimates the additional domestic and foreign resource requirements necessary to meet output targets.


Abstract The ring opening polymerization (ROP) kinetics of L-lactide was studied in bulk at 150, 160, and 180 °C using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2] catalyst and 1-pyrene butanol co-catalyst. The effect of different parameters namely, time and co-catalyst to catalyst ratio was studied on the properties of polylactide. The experimental results showed high conversion of L-lactide. The kinetics of L-lactide ROP follows the co-ordination insertion mechanism. The experimental results obtained were studied to account for the reversible activation, propagation, termination, and validated by modeling using MATLAB. The model developed successfully predicts the monomer conversion and the kinetics of L-lactide ROP.


Objective of the present diplomatic work is the development and the evaluation of an original informative system, which supports the decision-making of consumers taking into consideration the environment and their health. The system allows the import of information on ingredients and products of foods from public and environmental organisations via the website (www.benatural.gr) so as to be able to provide valid information to users while shopping, entering the system via their Smartphone.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the criteria that Sweden's county administrative boards use when reconsidering prohibition against owning or taking care of animals according to 29 § An ...


High rates of reoperation following breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for positive margins are associated with costs to healthcare providers. The aim was to assess the quality of evidence on reported re‐excision costs and compare the direct patient‐level costs between patients undergoing successful BCS versus reoperations after BCS.


Roxane D. Argyropoulos : The thought of the Ideologues in Greece. ; At the turn of the 18th Century the Idologues were considered in Greece as the most innovative current in philosophy, and their political thought played a role in the development of liberalism. The Greek intellectual A. Coray, a member of the Societe des Observateurs de l'Homme, was associated with the Ideologues and considered their philosophy as a science and a new branch of knowledge. It was at his instigation that Ideology was taught in Greek schools in the Ottoman empire and in prosperous centres of the Greek diaspora in Italy, Central Europe and Russia. Ideology also formed the basis of university philo¬ sophy teaching in modern Greece. The limits of the influence of this theory were reached around 1850, but the political thought of the Ideologues continued to dominate in Greece until the end of the century.


The concept of statistical strategy is introduced and used to develop a structured graphical user interface for guiding data analysis. The interface visually represents statistical strategies that are designed by expert data analysts to guide novices. The representation is an abstraction of the expert's concepts of the essence of a data analysis. We argue that an environment that visually guides and structures data analysis will improve data analysis productivity, accuracy, accessibility and satisfaction in comparison to an environment without such aids, especially for novice data analysts. Our concepts are based on notions from Cognitive Science, and can be empirically evaluated. The interface consists of two interacting windows: the guidemap and the workmap . Each window contains a graph which has nodes and edges. The guidemap graph represents the statistical strategy for a specific statistical task (such as describing data). Nodes represent potential data-analysis actions that can be taken by the system. Edges represent potential actions that can be taken by the analyst. The guidemap graph exists prior to the data-analysis session, having been created by an expert. The workmap graph represents the complete history of all steps taken by the data analyst. It is constructed during the data-analysis session as a result of the analyst's actions. Workmap nodes represent datasets, data models, or data-analysis procedures which have been created or used by the analyst. Workmap edges represent the chronological sequence of the analyst's actions. One workmap node is highlighted to indicate which statistical object is the focus of the strategy. We illustrate our concepts with ViSta, the Visual Statistics system that we have developed.


The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the behavior of exit keyhole diameter during switch off (cutting arc) period in case of Plasma keyhole arc welding (PKAW). During switch off period, the keyhole and weld pool are visualized from backside via a high speed video camera (HSVC). The result showed that keyhole diameter on the backside is unstable. The keyhole size is much changed in X-axis. Firstly, it is increased and then it is decreased to a stationary value at t = 0.05 s after cutting arc. Meanwhile, the size in Y-axis is not changed approximately from t = 0.01 s after cutting arc. The results can be considered to control this process more efficiency.


The poverty line should be expressed on the basis of social aspects which is accepted in the minimum standard of living. Both in rural and urban sector poverty flourishes as the features of rural poverty which intense and manifest among the peasants, cultivators and labourers. And the other hand urban poverty is the transformation from the rural povertywhere unemployment, underemployment or employed in various low productivity like porterage, street peddling etc. are obviously migrant workers. Granting to the planning commission's report 2009 the poverty headcount ratio of Odisha stood at 57.2 percent is the toughest among all the states of India and the way the national norms of 37.2 percent. The factors beyond the income are considered, at 63.2 percent Odisha's peopleare in below poverty line. The impact of changing the policies of urban sector on the conditions and status of workers in in the unorganised/informal sector starts with the analysis of model of urbanisation, urban policies, profile of the urban workers, their education and skill levels and problem faced by informal sector. The current urbanisation model has less space and resources for the urban poor. The working condition and social security of the workers are important issues. The skill is one form of security which improves employability of the workers skill. The skill training in urban areas will be a useful way in promoting employment opportunities among the urban workers. This paper attempts to analyse the various urban poverty alleviation policies of the state Odisha and attempts a review of various programs through secondary data available.


The article aims to examine, current Performance Management practices on Reward, financial or non‐financial using lessons from the literature and the results of a qualitative analysis as these revealed from the interview of some executive members of Greek companies.


In terrogationis one of most importantmethods forinvestigators to obtainaffidavit of suspectand checkother evide nce. Under different investigation system and pattern, people's theoretical bas is is different, and measurement standards for interrogative measures and regula tions, and value of affidavits. Under the Anglo American confrontational style i nvestigation pattern, a subject has right to keep silent when being interrogated by police who should not force the suspect to admit crime. The illegally-obtain ed affidavits and other evidence will not be accepted in court, while in contine ntal countries, a suspect's right to keep silent when being interrogated is res tricted and illegal evidence is not eliminated.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a simulation‐based evaluation method for the comparison of different organizational forms and software support levels in the field of supply chain management (SCM).Design/methodology/approach – Apart from widely known logistic performance indicators, the discrete event simulation model considers explicitly coordination cost as stemming from iterative administration procedures.Findings – The method is applied to an exemplary supply chain configuration considering various parameter settings. Curiously, additional coordination cost does not always result in improved logistic performance. Influence factor variations lead to different organizational recommendations. The results confirm the high importance of (up to now) disregarded dimensions when evaluating SCM concepts and IT tools.Research limitations/implications – The model is based on simplified product and network structures. Future research shall include more complex, real world configurations.Practical...


For comprehensive understand the damage status and invasive dynamics of Mikania micrantha in Hainan island,and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control on it,invasion of M.micrantha in Hainan island were investigated,the invasion dynamics were analyzed,and its distribution was predicted.Since the first appearance in Haikou and Wenchang city in 2003,M.micrantha has invaded into more than 10 cities in Hainan island after a few years.It competed with the local species for resources,influence the agriculture and forestry production.For its strong reproductive capacity,rapid growth,good adaptability and other characteristics,it has the potential ability to spread overall of Hainan island by forecast.Therefore,we must adopt comprehensive method of prevention and control,and effectively reduce the invasion and losses caused by it.


Studies on laboratory animals suggest that developing and newborn mammals are more vulnerable than the adults with respect to the harmful effects of organochlorine (OC) pollutants such polychlorina ...


The aircraft anti-skid braking system (AABS) is an essential aero electromechanical system to ensure safe take-off, landing, and taxiing of aircraft. In addition to the strong nonlinearity, strong coupling, and time-varying parameters in aircraft dynamics, the faults of actuators, sensors, and other components can also seriously affect the safety and reliability of AABS. In this paper, a reconfiguration controller-based adaptive fuzzy active-disturbance rejection control (AFADRC) is proposed for AABS to meet increased performance demands in fault-perturbed conditions as well as those concerning reliability and safety requirements. The developed controller takes component faults, external disturbance, and measurement noise as the total perturbations, which are estimated by an adaptive extended state observer (AESO). The nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) combined with fuzzy logic can compensate for the adverse effects and ensure that the faulty AABS maintains acceptable performance. Numerical simulations are carried out in different runway environments. The results validate the robustness and reconfiguration control capability of the proposed method, which improves AABS safety as well as braking efficiency.


The purpose of the study was to separate the mitochondrial proteins of rat Walker 256 tumour tissue and perform immunodetection studies to identify the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) and CPT II proteins previously reported to be present in this tumour. CPT I protein was undetectable using antibody raised against rat liver CPT I and was therefore considered to be immunologically different from that found in normal rat tissues such as heart, liver and skeletal muscle. In contrast, CPT II protein was readily detected in Walker 256 tumour and had an apparent Mr of approximately 70,000, as was found for rat liver. The in vivo treatment of tumour-bearing rats with insulin caused an increase in the expression of CPT II protein in the tumour tissue. The data confirm that CPT II can be regulated by insulin and also demonstrate that tumour CPT I may be a different isoform from that present in rat liver.


Risk management plays an important role in automobile insurance. Risk classification is the first step in risk management. In order to classify the risk levels of the insured, we provide Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to identify the risks. Firstly risk factors of automobile accidents are identified according to the theories of accident causation. Then AHP is used to calculate the weighs of risk factors. The results show that five factors are the most important in traffic accidents. So we establish a risk survey table to classify the insured's risk level based on the five factors. By using risk survey table to classify the insureds' risk levels, insurance companies can take targeted measures to reduce the accident rate.


Dr. J. C. SPENCE asked by which method the estimation of the blood-sugar was carried out in these cases. It would appear that in the first case the renal threshold was about 0-28 per cent., as with the blood sugar at this level only a trace of sugar appeared in the urine. Even if one took into account the fact that as the disease progressed the threshold, or "leak point," rose, yet in this case it appeared to be unduly high. In the normal child the level at which the kidney excreted sugar was about 016 or O17 per cent. He raised the point because in some methods of estimation depending on the use of a colorimeter there was a tendency in certain cases, especially those of kidney disease, to give at least 50 per cent. too high a reading. He said this had recently been pointed out by de Wesselow, who had used MacLean's method of blood-sugar estimation.


In order to obtain economic,efficient and the best soilless medium formula for greenhouse production of Japan's small cucumber,we used coconut chaff,sawdust,mushroom residue,coarse river sand and sterilized chicken manure as substrate materials to mix 6 different ration media.The results showed that the best medium formula was V(coconut chaff)∶V(mushroom residue)∶V(coarse river sand)= 2∶1∶1,added with sterilized chicken manure 4 kg/m3,For this medium formula,Japan's small cucumber showed the best vegetative growth,the largest number of leaves,the fastest reproductive growth,the highest yield.The suboptimal medium formula was V(coconut chaff)∶V(mushroom residue)∶V(coarse river sand)=1∶2∶1,with sterilized chicken manure 4 kg/m3 added.


you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: There is an increasing drive to measure and so improve patients' experiences and outcomes of health care. This also applies to medicines, given their ubiquity as health care interventions. Patients' experiences of using medicines vary, and instruments which measure these are seen as an essential component to improve care. We aimed to identify generic measures of patients' experiences of using prescription medicines and to examine their properties and suitability for use in research or practice.cally appraised, and summarized generic questionnaires assessing one or more aspects of the medicine use experience among adult patients using prescription medicines for chronic conditions, and the process of questionnaire development, degree of patient involvement, and/ or validation processes. Results: Fifteen questionnaires were included. Of these, nine measures were multidimensional, covering various aspects of medicine use. Six instruments covered only a single domain, assessing a specific facet of using medicines. Domains covered were the following: effective-and/or perceptions; medical follow-up and/or adherence-related issues; treatment-and/or medicine-related burden, perceived control, or autonomy; self-confidence about medicine use; availability and accessibility; and medicine-related quality of life. None of the identified questionnaires covered all domains. Instruments varied in the extent of patient involvement in both their development and validation. Conclusion: There is a scarcity of psychometrically sound, comprehensive, and generic measures of experiences of using prescription medicines among adult patients living with chronic illnesses. There is a need for further development and/or validation of existing instruments suitable for use in this population. Introduction Prescribing of medicines is one of the most common health care interventions, and monitoring experiences of medicines use is a priority. 1 With an increasingly aging population, more people are living with multiple chronic illnesses that often demand the use of multiple medicines. Dovepress Dovepress 158 Katusiime et al Although medicines are beneficial, relieving symptoms, preventing exacerbations, or even prolonging life, having to cope with using regular medicines alongside a long-term illness can be challenging but is poorly understood. Chronic conditions often necessitate complex self-management of both disease effects and medical interventions, which impose substantial demands on a patient's time, effort, and finances. 3–6 The workload associated with preparing and organizing regular medicine use …


Objective To compare the clinical effect of minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar disc herniation. Methods The data of 54 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were adopted from October 2009 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and 22 females,and the mean age was 42.7 years(rang,32-60 years). The level of surgery was L4/L5 in 34 patients,L5/S1 in 20 patients. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical methods,including 30 patients undergoing open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(OTLIF) and 24 patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MiTLIF). The operation time,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss,length of hospital-stay,intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Intervertebral fusion rates 1 year after the operation were observed by radiographic data. Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores were used for assessment. Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 21. 4 months(range,12-36 months). In the MiTLIF group,the intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was(40.2 ±15.6) mL,the length of hospital-stay was(6.2 ±2.4) d. Two weeks after the operation,the JOA score was 18.7 ±1.9. In the OTLIF group,the intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was(203.6 ±52.8) mL,the length of hospital-stay was(10.8 ±4.2) d. Two weeks after the operation,the JOA score was 15. 1 ±1. 4. The difference between the 2 groups were statistically significant(P 0.05). The differences in operation time,intraoperative and postoperative incidences of complications,JOA scores 1,3 and 12 months after the operation and lumbar fusion rates between the 2 groups were not statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The MiTLIF has the advantages of less blood loss,shorter hospitalization time and rapid postoperative recovery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with unilateral pedicle screw fixation.


Glans et al.1 concluded that dietary habits in midlife were unrelated to a subsequent diagnosis of dementia. In this detailed study, dietary habits were assessed by dietary questionnaires, most of which were self-administered. The study would benefit from the measurement of biomarkers in blood samples because biomarkers are a more objective way of revealing dietary habits.


A theoretical and experimental investigation of the coefficient for diffusion of ions across a magnetic field is described. The resultant diffusion coefficient is found to vary inversely as the square of the magnetic field strength, in accord with the usual collison-diffusion theory. The magnitude of the coefficient is much larger (x700) than the coefficient predicted by the usual ambipolar diffusion theory. This discrepancy is resolved by showing that diffusfon across a magnetic field is not ambipolar in character in most are experiments. The final experimental and theoretical values are in good agr- eement, and it is unecessary to postulate any additional diffusion mechanisms, such as plasma oscillations. (auth)


In the 1990s profound transformations took place throughout Western welfare states. The 'caring' or the 'providing state' (de Swaan 1988) has been superseded by the 'activating' or 'enabling' state (Gilbert 2002). While the former aimed at providing its citizens with a comprehensive safety net for social risks and at the same time at reducing social inequality, the latter limits its function to guaranteeing a minimal infrastructure (Vogel 2004). The state provides opportunities, but it is the responsibility of the citizens to make use of them. In popular discourse the idea of activation in social politics has been captured most concisely in the German slogan 'Fördern und Fordern' (foster and demand). The state fosters citizens in need by economic incentives and integration programmes and demands their active efforts to overcome their dependency on support. Recently the 'fostering' dimension of the activating state has been complemented by the concept of social politics as 'social investments' in the human capital of the population (EspingAndersen 1999, Lessenich 2004). Although activation has become a key term in welfare and labour market politics alike, in international comparison its contents differ widely (Handler 2003, Lødemel and Trickey 2001a, van Oorschot 2002, Walther 2003). In the realm of social assistance this maxim translates into 'workfare', but while workfare means the conditioning of benefits to the acceptance of jobs in some countries (for instance in the United States), in others (such as the Scandinavian states) it denotes the obligation of the state to invest its citizens with the necessary resources to compete in the labour market. Likewise, activation aiming at those entitled to unemployed


The junior doctor contract is out of date, but how could potential negotiations improve it? Helen Jaques asks some of the trainees at this year's BMA Annual Representatives Meeting


Abstract  A critical revision of the collections of Brassicaceae in some Chinese (PE, XJA, XJBI, XJFA, XJNM, XJU) and foreign (LE, P) herbaria is made. One genus, Neurotropis (DC.) F. K. Mey., and 11 species, Alyssum szarabiacum Nyár., Barbarea stricta Andrz., Erysimum czernjajevii N. Busch, Erysimum kotuchovii D. German, Erysimum mongolicum D. German, Lepidium karelinianum Al‐Shehbaz, Matthiola superba Conti, Neurotropis platycarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) F. K. Mey., Ptilotrichum dahuricum Peschkova, Sisymbrium subspinescens Bunge, and Smelowskia micrantha (Botsch. & Vved.) Al‐Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, are reported from China for the first time. Six species, Aphragmus involucratus (Bunge) O. E. Schulz, Dontostemon perennis C. A. Mey., Goldbachia torulosa DC., Lepidium amplexicaule Willd., Neotorularia brevipes (Kar. & Kir.) Hedge & J. Léonard, and Parrya stenocarpa Kar. & Kir., are confirmed to occurr in China. Five species, Dontostemon integrifolius (L.) C. A. Mey., Draba zangbeiensis L. L. Lou, Lepidium alashanicum H. L. Yang, Sinapis arvensis L., and Strigosella brevipes (Bunge) Botsch., are reported as novelties for some provinces in China, and Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch. occurs in Xinjiang, China. However, the occurrence of one genus, Pseudoarabidopsis Al‐Shehbaz, O'Kane & Price, and four species, Draba huetii Boiss., Eutrema halophilum (C. A. Mey.) Al‐Shehbaz & S. I. Warwick, Galitzkya spathulata (Steph. ex Willd.) V. Bocz., and Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla (Bieb.) Al‐Shehbaz, O'Kane & Price, could not be confirmed in China. The occurrence of six species, Aphragmus bouffordii Al‐Shehbaz, Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb., Lepidium latifolium L., Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C. A. Mey., Strigosella hispida (Litv.) Botsch., and Strigosella scorpioides (Bunge) Botsch., is not confirmed in certain provinces of China. All names follow the latest taxonomic treatment for relevant groups; detailed morphological descriptions of the newly recorded taxa are provided; and distinguishing characters from related species already known in China are discussed. Other comments are provided where needed.


Abstract Magnetic measurements on Tl x Cr 5 Se 8 (0≤ x ≤1) reveal that stoichiometric TlCr 5 Se 8 is a three-dimensional antiferromagnet with a Neel temperature T N of about 55 K. In contrast, samples with a reduced Tl content show highly unusual magnetic properties that are without precedent in the literature of magnetically coupled systems: upon lowering the temperature from 300 K the susceptibility reaches a maximum at about 125 K and then steeply drops to a value comparable to that obtained at room temperature. The height of this maximum increases first with decreasing Tl abundance reaching its largest value at a composition Tl 0.2 Cr 5 Se 8 and then decreases again for samples with x 3+ decreases, indicating the successive formation of Cr 4+ (3 d 2 ) centers. For samples Tl x Cr 5 Se 8 with x >0.5 the predominant magnetic exchange is antiferromagnetic and becomes ferromagnetic for x 5 Se 8 below about 125 K. Low-temperature single-crystal X-ray investigations on Tl x Cr 5 Se 8 ( x =0.5 and 0.32) show a thermal expansion anomaly of the unit cell volume as well as of the b-axis starting at about 125 K, which is accompanied by an enlargement of one of the three Cr–Cr interatomic distances. The anomalous thermal behavior of the lattice parameters reflects competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange interactions. Detailed analysis of the Cr–Cr distances as a function of temperature gives evidence that the positive charge associated with the formation of Cr(IV) is delocalized between two chromium atoms at higher temperatures and trapped upon cooling on one Cr site. The localization of Cr(IV) centers induces net antiferromagnetic coupling. EPR investigations are in agreement with this picture. They show that in stoichiometric TlCr 5 Se 8 the Cr 3+ centers are antiferromagnetically coupled. For Tl-poor samples, the temperature dependence of g eff follows the susceptibility curve, increasing upon cooling and passing a maximum at about 130 K.


The relationship between the annual wind records from Romanian shore weather station and annual mean sea level, is examined using observations covering period 2006 - 2016. It is demonstrated that even such a relatively short record is sufficient for finding a convincing relationship. Using measured data from a weather station is found to give a slight improvement over reanalysis data, but for both the correlation between annual mean sea level and wind energy in the west–east direction is high. Supplementary data from a numerical hydrodynamic model are used to illustrate the regional variability in annual mean sea level and its interannual variability at a high spatial resolution. Recent climate change and land uplift are causing changes in sea level. This study implies that climatic changes in the strength of winds from a specific direction may affect local annual mean sea level quite significantly. Water levels at a particular location are not only affected by the local air pressure but also by other factors, so this simple correlation is rarely observed. Using 10 years (2006 - 2016) of Constanta - Romania coastal sea-level observations, we examine the contribution of these latter processes to long-term sea-level rise, which, to date, have been relatively less explored. A specific analysis and to evidence the correlation between wind pattern and sea level, the 2014 is chosen due to the frequent western winds that occurred during January and August in the Romanian Black Sea coast.


Flakiness index is one of the prominent shape criteria that govern behavior and performance of aggregate in the bituminous mixes. This research has been done as a realistic study for an actual pavement construction case in Hyderabad airport in India, which a lot of pavement area cracked and failed due to existence of flaky aggregate particles. The strength and serviceability requirements of bituminous mixture such as Stability, Flow, and Voids in Total mix (VTM) and Voids Filled with Bitumen and (VFB) highly depend on the physical properties of aggregates. The change in rotation angle of coarse aggregate was found to correlate well with the internal resistance of a HMA mix. The particle shape determined how aggregate was packed into a dense configuration and also determined the internal resistance of a mix. Cubical particles were desirable for increasing aggregate internal friction and improving rutting resistance. The results which are obtained from the study showed that the strength and stability of the bituminous mixes decreases gradually by increasing flakiness index.


A flexible microactuator with 3 degrees of freedom was developed for micromanipulators. The device was made of fiber reinforced rubber (FRR) and its deformation controlled by an electrohy-draulic or electropneumatic system. This report deals with its dynamic characteristics from a practical point of view. First, a transfer function of the actuator is derived theoretically, considering (1) a fundamental frequency of FRR, (2) compressibility of working fluid in the actuator, and (3) friction of tubes between the actuator and control valves. Secondly, step responses of the prototypes are shown under various conditions. The response time is about 0.1 (s) with small tube friction, or 3(s) with large tube friction.


Conventional semen parameters are poor predictors of reproductive outcomes, and do not reliably discriminate between fertile and infertile men (1,2). A growing body of evidence suggests that markers of sperm DNA integrity may help differentiate fertile from infertile men, but the clinical value of sperm DNA fragmentation testing remains a matter of debate (3). Although guidelines and best practice statements published by the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU) and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) all acknowledge the potential contribution of sperm DNA fragmentation to male factor infertility, they do not recommend the routine use of sperm DNA integrity tests in the evaluation and treatment of infertile couples (4-6).


In order to improve the operational efficiency and drive control performance of the asynchronous motor,a novel scheme on stator-flux speed sensorless observer based on adaptive sliding-mode theory was proposed. Thespeed observer′s adaptation law was derived based on Lyapunov theorem to ensure estimation stability. With theproblem of pure integral for flux observer,a new flux observer with serial low pass filter was also proposed,which cancontrol DC offset without bias of phase and amplitude. Finally,experiments prove the feasibility of the proposedschemes.


Ground water samples were collected from 18 wards of Coimbatore City north zone, among which 2 samples were collected from 2 different locations from each ward, total 36 samples: Water quality assessment was carried out for the parameters like temperature, odour, taste, colour, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chlorides, hardness, alkalinity, calcium, sodium and potassium. Correlation coefficients were determined to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. Regression equations relating these identified correlated parameters were formulated. Comparison of observed and estimated values of the different parameters reveals that the regression equations developed in the study can be very well used for making water quality monitoring by observing the above said parameters alone. This provides an easy and rapid method of monitoring of water quality.


More than 30 years after demonstration that survival after breast conservation surgery (BCS) and adjuvant radiotherapy is equivalent to survival after mastectomy,1 significant variability in the implementation of BCS remains, particularly in the rates of reoperation for margins. Breast conservation surgery is the most common oncologic operation performed in the United States, with a measurable financial and physical burden caused by repeated excisions. In this issue of JAMA Surgery, the study by Isaacs et al2 reports a mean 90-day reoperation rate of 30.9% from 2003 to 2013 in New York State, with a significant decrease over time from 38.5% to 23.1%. This study shows that almost onethird of the reoperations results in mastectomy. In 2014, Wilke et al3 similarly demonstrated that within the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2010, the rates of repeated operations after BCS decreased from 25% to 22%. This change is seen within the context of efforts to define adequate margins for BCS.4 The recent Society for Surgical Oncology–American Society for Radiation Oncology (SSOASTRO) consensus guidelines encourage the use of "no ink on tumor" as the current standard in an era of multimodal treatment and evolving understanding of tumor biology along with tumor burden. In fact, this approach to reexcisions echoes the conclusion of Fisher et al5(p1722) in 1986 after review of pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project that "it is most appropriate to regard lines of resection involved only when cancer is transected," because subjective designations of close margins resulted in second operations with a low yield of residual cancer. Isaacs et al2 report notable intersurgeon variability, with rates of reoperations ranging from 0% to 100%. Studies have shown significant surgeon and institutional variation in clinical practice,6 althoughwithout data regardingmarginwidth, the proportion of this variation attributable to interpretation ofmargin status isunknown. Sourcesof inconsistencymay include surgeon training and volume, radiographic evaluation, andpathologic processing. In addition, subjective elements of surgeon bias may play a role because the authors' multivariable analysis demonstrated that repeated excisions were significantlymore likely inyoungerpatients and thosewith fewer comorbidities.2 Establishing a rational, evidence-based approach to reexcision as originally proposedbyFisher et al5 and that has been supported by the new SSO-ASTRO guidelines has the potential to provide substantial national cost savings by eliminating reexcisions for closebutnegativemargins.7As theseguidelines for margin status are widely adopted, identification of persistent outliers to these guidelines and assessment of the effect of this practice change on surgical outcomes and value of care for early stage breast cancer should remain important goals.


This paper provide evidence of the existence and uniqueness result for the viscosity solutions of inhomogeneous Vlasov equation. we consider the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for the relativistic Vlasov equation with near vacuum initial data where the distribution function depends on the time, the position, the momentum and the non-Abelian charge of particles. We consider this equation on aSchwarzschild outer space-time with Yang-Mills field.


The study was designed to examine the effects of long-term anticholinergic therapy on neuropsychological functioning in a group of non-demented PD patients before and after treatment with benzhexol. F


Cutting-edge technologies play major roles in our daily lives and businesses. They are used by businesses to gain competitive advantage even as individuals use them to simplify their routine activities. However, these technologies are driven by cutting-edge applications (simply called Apps) that are deployed on devices like iPhone, iPad, laptop computers, desktop computers and the like. Just like every other type of application, cutting-edge applications will one day turn legacy and becomes difficult to extend their usable life through maintenance, hence modernization becomes inevitable with components reusability a major issue. This research therefore, presents a technique for dealing with components reusability issues that may arise as cutting-age applications turn legacy using their maintenance data with software maturity index. It also presents components stability assessment and ranking scheme that could be used by professionals to rank legacy components in a manner that could guide the choice of quality and stable components for reuse in modernization.


CONTENTS: Acknowledgements Contributors Preface 1. The human context: Who performs research and why? Purposes Respondents and witnesses The points of view and requirements But how much fun is it? 2. Charting the territory: Ethnodrama and its close relations The transience of labels Terms and their implications for practice The family tree 3. Responsibilities: Social responsibility and social action Ethics 4. Ownership and power: Notions of authority, faithfulness and adaptation Lack of participant homogeneity Position and the selection of dialogue Verbatim and characters Beyond verbatim Adaptation theory Performance as reality or fiction The gatekeepers and power Other influences of power Relationships between researcher and participant 5. Aesthetic and other tensions: The elements of aesthetic form: Dialogue and fiction Elements of aesthetic form: Mise-en-scene Fictionalisation and authenticity Other dramatic elements Stylisation Reader's theatre Dramatic structure Characters and acting The commentator or 'researcher' The paradox of ethnodrama Conclusion 6. Alice Hoy is not a building: Women in academia: Introduction Questions and themes The performance text Generating data Deep space Performance-based data analysis Workshop 1: Experimenting with data analysis The performance text Performing the play: Part one As researchers we are also performing Performing the play: Part two Aesthetic decisions Performing the play: Part three Performing the play: Part four Performing the play: Part five Representing the researchers in performance Performing the play: Part six The audience 7. Encounters in child care: Reducing complexity Creation of characters Discussion 8. A Day in December: Introduction The inciting event The research project Prior learning and the lure of the three act structure Remembering Glenbrook: The structure Remembering Glenbrook: The content The Signals: The problematic chapter three Finding a final turning point A confrontation The NIDA Short Course Program The development of a rehearsal draft Remembering A Day in December A discovery Verbatim theatre and the playwright's challenge Conclusion: Learning from experience 9. Scrap Pickers and other local Hong Kong projects: Fast tracking ethnodrama: A two-week assignment in Hong Kong: Introducing the case study Section 1: The projects The context of choice Section 2: The Scrap Pickers project Aims: Personal and social The project plan Pre-performance Participants' critical reflections Kate Will The relationship between education and research The relationship between drama and research The relationship between drama and educational purpose 10. Performing histories: Voices of black rural community: From oral history to ethnodrama: The journey of the spoken word: Introduction Stories and marginalised communities The context of the initial research data and the project leaders Authenticity and risks of reductionism Artistic choices and tensions Script development Stakeholder interests Closing reflections 11. Investigating masculinities in school: It's a play for us: Ethnographic performance as part of an educational ethnography: Back story Setting the scene Dramatis personae The production team: A collaborative approach Ethical considerations Prologue to the drama A script is not the only way to tell a story Limitations to the data Sharing the emerging text: Entering into the dialogic A matter of style and form Negotiating the performance The usefulness of ethnographic performance in a school setting References Index.


In discussing "popular religion" and Judaism, there is a great danger not to mention, great hubris or chutzpah in attempting to define what popular religion actually means when applied to Judaism. There are basic and perhaps unsolvable problems of terminology and methodology, least of all in deciding what constitutes popular religion when applied to a text-centered and scholarly oriented religious system such as Judaism. What follows, therefore, is an elementary illustration of how this entire issue might be approached and one attempt to explore how such a study might proceed. 1


Study Design. Retrospective review and prospective follow‐up of 88 patients who had decompressive laminectomy with or without fusion from 1983 to 1986. Objective. To determine the 7‐ to 10‐year outcome of surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Summary of Background Data. There is limited information on the impact of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis on symptoms, walking ability, and satisfaction, as well as reoperation. Methods. Patients completed standardized questionnaires in 1993 that included items about reoperations, back pain, leg pain, walking capacity, and satisfaction with surgery. Associations between preoperative demographic and clinical variables and outcomes 7 to 10 years after surgery were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Average preoperative age was 69 years and eight patients received fusion. Of 88 patients in the original cohort, 20 (23%) were deceased and 20 (23%) had undergone reoperation by 7‐ to 10‐year follow‐up. Fifty‐five patients answered questionnaires. Average duration of follow‐up was 8.1 years. Thirty‐three percent of the respondents had severe back pain at followup, 53% were unable to walk two blocks, and 75% were satisfied with the results of surgery. The severity of current spine‐related symptoms was a stronger correlate of physical functional status at the time of follow‐up than age or nonspinal comorbid conditions. Conclusions. Seven to 10 years after decompressive surgery for spinal stenosis, 23% of patients had undergone reoperation and 33% of respondents had severe back pain. Despite a high prevalence of nonspinal problems in this elderly cohort, spinal symptoms were the most important correlate of reduced functional status.


In 1978, motivated by E. H\"uckel's work in quantum chemistry, I. Gutman introduced the concept of the energy of a finite simple graph $G$ as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. At the time of writing, the MathSciNet search for"Title=(graph energy) AND Review Text=(eigenvalue)"returns 351 publications, most of which going after Gutman's definition. A congruence $\alpha$ of a finite algebra $A$ turns $A$ into a simple graph: we connect $x\neq y\in A$ by an edge iff $(x,y)\in\alpha$; we let En$(\alpha)$ be the energy of this graph. We introduce the congruence energy CE$(A)$ of $A$ by CE$(A):=\sum\{$En$(\alpha): \alpha\in$ Con$(A)\}$. Let LAT$(n)$ and CDA$(n)$ stand for the class of $n$-element lattices and that of $n$-element congruence distributive algebras of any type. For a class $\mathcal X$, let CE$(\mathcal X):= \{$CE$(A): A\in \mathcal X\}$. We prove the following. (1) For $\alpha\in A$, En$(\alpha)/2$ is the height of $\alpha$ in the equivalence lattice of $A$. (2) The largest number and the second largest number in CE(LAT($n$)) are $(n-1)\cdot 2^{n-1}$ and, for $n\geq 4$, $(n-1)\cdot 2^{n-2}+2^{n-3}$; these numbers are only witnessed by chains and lattices with exactly one two-element antichain, respectively. (3) The largest number in CE(CDA($n$)) is also $(n-1)\cdot 2^{n-1}$, and if CE$(A)=(n-1)\cdot 2^{n-1}$ for an $A\in$ CDA$(n)$, then Con$(A)$ is a boolean lattice with size $|$Con$(A)|=2^{n-1}$.


Likelihood ratio tests are performed for the hypothesis that charged particle multiplicities measured in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV are distributed according to the negative binomial form. Results suggest that the hypothesis should be rejected in all classes of collision systems and centralities of Pioneering High-Energy Nuclear Interaction Experiment Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider measurements. However, the application of the least-squares test statistic with systematic errors included shows that for the collision system Au-Au at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV the hypothesis could not be rejected in general.


Globalization trends will affect the linguistic landscape of the traveling spots in the world-wide. In the present study, we surveyed the change of the linguistic landscape of famous tourist spots of Qingdao city where the architectures are affected by foreign culture in the colonial period of Germany or Japan. We also surveyed modern architectures and instruments in Qingdao city established in the Olympics Games in Beijing City. The results indicated that some of the signs are written in Germany in parallel with Chinese in the German style street. In contrast, most of the signs in Beer museum are shown by multiple languages including Japanese and Korean probably reflecting the number of tourist visiting this museum. On the other hand, major part of the signs of street around the beer museum were written in Chinese only, probably those signs along the street are not considered to contribute to motivate the tourist for shopping at present. Thus, the linguistic landscapes of those tourist spots likely reflect the perspective purpose and linguistic ability of the visitor to the tourist spot. Key word (globalization, linguistic landscape, Qingdao city, China, tourist spot) 1.
緒言
 グローバル化の時代を迎えて、世界の都市景観 にも変化が見られる。特に言語表記に関して、自 国の言語の表記だけではなく、様々な工夫がされ た表記物が増えてきている。この背景には、経済 活動の活性化に伴う人の移動がある。この国を超 えて移動する人の中には、現地の言語を十分に理 解できない人も多い。とりわけ、海外に観光を主 な目的として移動する観光客は、現地の言語を十

 Jie Liu 分に習得していない割合が高い。観光客の誘致が 経済的な効果を及ぼすことから、このような言語 を十分に習得していない観光客をさらに呼び込 むために、様々な工夫をするようになってきた。 さらに観光客だけではなく、ビジネス、文化活動 などの目的で滞在する人にも、現地の言語を十分 に理解しなくても、消費活動を行いやすい環境を 整備することで、より多くの消費を促すという効 果も期待できる。このように、渡航の目的は多彩 であるが、経済活動との密接な関係に基づいて現 地を訪れる人が増え、その中には現地の言葉の理


The utility model relates to an air blast ring type pellet cooling machine for cooling high-temperature oxide pellets. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model comprises a drive device, a revolving body part, a machine frame, a screening device, a material supply hopper, a cover, a material discharge groove, an air box, a dust discharge valve, a chimney, etc; the drive device is the pin tooth drive or the friction drive; a trolley and a pallet side plate form a ring-shaped material containing device. The drive device drives the trolley to rotate, the pellet is carried from the material supply position to the material discharge position, and is discharged, and the cooling air cools the pellet. The utility model has the advantages that the utility model is suitable for high temperature conditions, the cooling effect is good, the heat quantity is sufficiently recovered and utilized, and the yield and the quality of the oxide pellet are improved.


The National Museum is one of Colombia's oldest institutions. Since its foundation at the beginning of 19th century, its main function has been the preservation of the country's national heritage. For this reason, the the Museum has for more than 100 years collected and curated materials considered iconic of Colombian identity. Perhaps one of the most important elements its collections is the museum building in itself-a construction of great historic significance as the first panoptic built in Bogota. The only people who have questioned the historical value of this edifice are indigenous ones, specifically those of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta communities in the Caribbean region. On various occasions, the leaders of these communities have objected two important elements of the Museum's doctrine: The first is that the Museum has an obligation to exhibit items made by indigenous people; the second, that these items are currently stored in a prison. Starting from these two ideas, I aim to undertake critical exploration of the ways in which national identity is represented in the Museum as well how these representations are charged with 19th century values.


Appointment-breaking was studied in a general adult medical clinic. Selected demographic characteristics and indices of past clinic-use patterns for a group of patients who broke a given appointment were compared with those for a group of patients who kept a given appointment. The data were collected during a series of clinic sessions held in January 1967, at the Gouvereur Health Services Program in New York City. The overall broken appointment rate in the clinics was 22 per cent. There was a significantly higher proportion of Hispanics and Blacks as compared to Whites among the breakers than among the keepers. The breakers were also significantly younger than the keepers, most likely reflecting the White: Hispanic/Black age differential rather than being an independent variable. Among indices of past clinic-use patterns, the following differences between the two groups were statistically significant: Keepers had a higher average annual number of appointment visits, a higher percentage of kept appointments, and lower average annual numbers of broken appointments than did breakers. There were, however, no differences in the average annual number of non-appointment visits between breakers and keepers. The major conclusions of the study were that the breaker of a random appointment is more likely to be an habitual appointment-breaker than is a keeper of a random appointment and is also more likely to use the clinic on a non-appointment basis.


Forest exploitation activities always brings some environmental problems such as reduction in individual plant or species biodiversity and some physical deterioration which lead to microclimate change.This study presenting the results of measurement of plant-water relations against a shrub plant (Sundanese) podolakan (Baccaurea sp.),a rare species in a degraded tropical forest land under gold mining pressure in Jampang,Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java.Results shows that no significant differences between plants growing in the degraded and non-degraded (natural) sites in their water relations aspects emphasized on water potential components i.e. total water potential (¥, -MPa): 0,48 and 0,38, osmotic potential (¥", -MPa):1,64 and 1,44 and turgor pressure (y/p, MPa): 1,16 and 1,06 respectively. The values of their fat turgorloss point showed no significant different either between degraded and natural sites, i.e. -1,93 MPa and -1,43 MPa.Interestingly, in comparison with the dominant species i.e. puspa (Schima wallichii (DC) Korth.) in the non-degraded site, results shows a significant different between these two degraded forest species in their ¥" (0,01>P>0,001), where there was better developed in the rare species (-1,44 MPa) than the dominant ones (-1,29 MPa). While in the degraded site, there was also a significant different (P<0,001),where the rare species had better development (-1,64 MPa) than the dominant (-0,67 MPa). It seems that the dominant spesies in the degraded site underwent more environmental (water) stress than the rare species as shown by more negative of its Y (-0,82 MPa),while rare species was only -0.48 MPa. Water potentials at turgor loss points were not significantly different between Baccaurea sp. in degraded and natural sites.It is suggested that even though as a rare species, Baccaurea sp.retained better water status. This is maybe due to its position in the forest as lower strata plants, thus received less effect of climatic stress in upper canopy such as more light intensity and bigger wind flow. Hence, in natural reclamation, plant species like Baccaurea sp. may have better chance to role as pioneering species. No significant differences in f at f(turgor loss points) between the degraded and natural sites (-1..93 and -1,43 MPa respectively). It is suggested that water is not a limiting factor for the plants in degraded tropical forest site under gold mining pressure.


HANDBOOK OF VETERINARY ANESTHESIA, 4th edn William W. Muir, , John A. E. Hubbell, , Roman T. Skarda, and Richard M. Bednarski. 656 pages, paperback, £38.99. Missouri, Elsevier Mosby, 2007. ISBN 978 0 323 04678 7

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IN their preface to this book, the


Existing research at the nexus of institutional theory and entrepreneurship suggests that lowering institutional barriers to forming, growing, and exiting new firms can affect the types of start-up...


Several new diseases have gained celebrity status in recent years, fostering a paradigm that links environmental stress to increased emergence of disease. Habitat alteration, biodiversity loss, pollution, climate change, and introduced species are increasing threats to the environment that are postulated to lead to emerging diseases. However, theoretical predictions and empirical evidence indicate environmental disturbances may increase some infectious diseases but will reduce others.


Abstract This is a case report of a 27-year-old male who presented with recurrent facial swelling and weakness. The clinical evaluation revealed that the patient had Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS), a rare neurological disease characterized by the triad of recurrent facial edema, recurrent facial muscle weakness, and a furrowed or fissured tongue. Accurate data regarding the incidence of MRS is challenging to obtain due to the rarity of the disorder, and early recognition and treatment can potentially reduce the probability of permanent disability.


Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 Chapter One The Beginning: Strategic Bombing in the First World War 11 Chapter Two Britain in the Interwar Years 69 Chapter Three The United States in the Interwar Years 128 Chapter Four Rhetoric and Reality, 1939-1942 176 Chapter Five The Combined Bomber Offensive, 1943-1945 214 Conclusion 289 Notes 303 Bibliography of Archival Sources 387 Index 391


This work presents the design of a high-bandwidth and high slew rate class-AB amplifier in a linear assisted hybrid converter for envelope tracking (ET) applications. ET has become prevalent for improving the efficiency of RF power amplifiers (PA) in portable devices when transmitting LTE signals. The class-AB amplifier in the hybrid converter provides the AC power to the PA, whereas the DC power is provided by a DC-DC converter. The class-AB amplifier is designed to track the LTE signal envelope, up to 20 MHz in bandwidth. Optimization is required to improve the efficiency of the system. A novel high-speed current-sense block is implemented to accurately sense the output stage currents of the class-AB amplifier. The amplifier is implemented in a 0.5–μ\Ά CMOS process, operates from a 3.6–5.0 V supply and is capable of driving a resistive load range from 20–4 Ω. The class-AB amplifier achieves 80 MHz UGF at a 4 Ω load, consuming roughly 33 mA quiescent current. Simulation results shows the tracking of 20 MHz LTE signals with an RMS error better than −34 dB.


The coil cooling and its role in a hot strip mill were reviewed. A mathematical model was developed to describe and analyze the thermal history and its impact on precipitation phenomena during coil cooling for plain carbon, HSLA-V and HSLA-Nb steels. The predicted result of the thermal model was compared with that measured from industrial coil. The effect of cooling condition and coil dimension on the thermal history and final mechanical properties of the steel strip was examined. The coiling temperature and cooling rate have crucial influence on the precipitation strengthening.


Vacuum laser acceleration schemes IFEL are investigated in diffraction dominated version. CO2 laser of TW power is regarded as the IFEL driver.


The research of parallel file system(PFS) in the cluster computing system is a hot topic currently.The research done on parallel file system applied in cluster is very important for the high performance,high availability and scalability.The summarization research about PFS is done firstly.Then the state of research and development about PFS is expounded and some questions in the research of PFS analysed.Finally,the general direction of future evolution about PFS on cluster is forecasted.


The four types of automated forging line based on electric screw press have been introduced in the text by analysis of the structure and characteristics of the electric screw press.The application situation of automated forging line for valve and gear has been analyzed,which gains a good effect.


onwards. Linderman demonstrates how Gubbins's experiences of irregular and revolutionary warfare in Ireland and revolutionary Russia led him to formulate a doctrine for irregular warfare that was later applied by the SOE. However, this is not just the intellectual biography of Gubbings. Linderman shows how the doctrine of the SOE was developed and implemented and provides new insights on its activities, method, and efficacy. If there is one thing missing in the book it is a discussion of the SOE's afterlife. SOE veterans like David Smiley played a pivotal role in clandestine and counter-insurgency operations during the Cold War. It would be fascinating to see how wartime experiences shaped post-war practices and the extent to which the lessons of the Second World War were applied in the small wars that signalled the demise of the British Empire. However, this doesn't make the book any less appealing or pertinent. This is an important study that will bring new insights to the study of the SOE and help re-evaluate the origins of counter-insurgency operations and clandestine warfare in twentieth-century British military history.


As a part of the world-wide European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), possible relations between symptoms from the eyes, nose, throat, and facial skin, and exposure to emissions from recent indoor painting were studied. The study comprised 562 subjects, aged 20-44 years, from the general population in Uppsala, selected by stratified random sampling. The subjects underwent a structured interview, and a medical investigation. Information on different types of symptoms and building characteristics, in the dwelling and in the workplace building, was gathered by a self-administered question naire. The prevalence of weekly symptoms, compatible with the sick building syndrome (SBS), and a symptom score were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear or logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender and tobacco smoking. Weekly SBS symptoms, of any type, were related to female gender (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.5), atopy (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.5- 3.2), and recent painting of the workplace building (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1- 2.7), particularly if wooden surfaces in the workplace building had been painted (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.2-6.2). Nasal congestion was more common in newly painted dwellings (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.02-2.8). Eye irritation (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.2-12.2) and facial skin itching (OR = 7.8; 95% CI 2.2-27.8) were more common if wood had been painted in the workplace building. A high symptom score was related to female gender, atopy, tobacco smoking, and wood painting. An observed relationship between symptom score and exposure to newly painted wood was significant only among females and among subjects with atopy. In conclusion: females, smokers, and subjects with atopy report more symptoms compatible with SBS; females and subjects with atopy seem to be more sensitive to emissions from indoor paint than males and subjects without atopic disposition. Moreover, our results suggest that emissions from newly painted indoor surfaces may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and facial skin. The paint used for wood seems to be more irritat ing than other types of paint. We conclude from this work that exposure to paint emissions indoors should be minimised for sensitive subjects.