Context. Methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) was first detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) toward Sgr B2 almost 50 years ago by observation of rotational transitions in its torsional ground state. Methylamine exhibits two large-amplitude motions (LAMs), the methyl torsion and amine wagging, which complicate the spectral analysis, especially in excited vibration states. The lack of an accurate model of the two coupled LAMs has also hampered the identification in the ISM of rotational transitions in excited vibrational states. Aims. The aim of this work is to study the terahertz and microwave rotational spectra of methylamine experimentally and theoretically in order to provide a reliable basis for the detection of its rotational transitions in the first torsionally excited state, (cid:51) t = 1, in the ISM. Methods. The terahertz spectrum of methylamine was measured from 150 to 1520 GHz with the Lille fast scan spectrometer. Using a new "hybrid" Hamiltonian model, we were able to analyze the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure and to accurately fit the rotational spectrum of the (cid:51) t = 1 state of methylamine. We used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to search for rotational transitions of methylamine in its first torsionally excited state toward the high-mass star forming region Sgr B2(N). The observed spectra are modeled under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Results. Accurate spectral predictions were obtained for the ground and first excited states of CH 3 NH 2 . We report the first interstellar detection of methylamine in the (cid:51) t = 1 state toward the offset position Sgr B2(N1S) in the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N1). The LTE parameters derived previously from the rotational emission of methylamine in its torsional ground state toward Sgr B2(N1S) yield synthetic spectra of methylamine in the (cid:51) t = 1 state that are fully consistent with the ALMA spectra and allow us to identify five rotational lines of this state.


In order to produce dental inlays made of dental ceramic or similar material, the invention calls for a moulded impression (1) to be made which serves as the original for the production of the inlay by grinding. For this purpose, the impression (1) and a blank (2) of the inlay are mounted on a common mouting (3). A copy-grinding machine scans the impression (1) with a probe (7) in a first setting and grinds part of the surface of the inlay on the blank (2). Subsequently, the impression (1) and the blank (2) are transferred to a second mounting (9), maintaining the same relative positions. The blank (2) is then finished by copy-grinding.


The complex network model of the manufacturing grid was built based on complex network theory. Based on the model, the degree and its distribution, the mode dole, the average path length and clustering coefficient were studied. Taking an actual manufacturing task as example, the manufacturing resource node selection was performed integrated with the classical intelligent algorithm and the node selection performance is promoted. The research results are help to enhance the global optimization selection ability on the manufacturing resource node.


Forty-one species of the algal genus Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (phylum Volvophycota Shameel) were collected from various freshwater habitats in Azad Kashmir as well as provinces of the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa of Pakistan during January 2003 and December 2006. Out of these 11 species were taxonomically investigated and described here. Among them C. pulchrum Turner, C. repandum Nordstedt, C. rugosum Turner, C. tetraophthalmum Brebisson in Ralfs, C. tumidum P. Lundell are being reported for the first time from Pakistan.


MIMO receivers need to have good knowledge about channel. To get good channel estimation needs to good pilot sequences and good channel estimator. The good pilot sequences can ensure the channel estimator converge the channel parameters by short length of pilot sequences, while good channel estimator can employ fewer iteration to estimate channel parameters. To reach the first goal, this paper proposes a design of pilot sequences for MIMO channels, only with ML training symbols; to reach the second goal, this paper proposes a PSO channel estimation algorithm. Different from the known PSO algorithms, in the proposed PSO estimator algorithm, the 'particle positions' are virtual, they represent the MIMO weights matrices, and the 'particle velocity' is also virtual, it represent the updating increment of MIMO weights matrices, which simplifies the PSO algorithm's implementation. In the iteration of the estimator, the proposed PSO algorithm finds desired MIMO weights matrix through the interaction of individuals in a population of weights matrices. Simulations show that the BER performance of the proposed PSO MIMO equalizer is better than those of conventional adaptive equalizers.


This project is an atlas of marine species covering a sea area of 150.000 km and integrating a wide array of taxonomic groups: 33 phylum, 615 families, 1058 genus and 1600 Mediterranean marine species in the Balearic islands,. It is composed by a database filled with data provided by different research groups in the Centre Oceanografic de Balears (COB-IEO) covering data from more than 30 years time series. A data model has been build comprising 87000 registers from 1600 marine species covering from foraminifera, sponges, algae, crustaceans, phytoplankton, to fishes. A spatial data infrastructure has been developed composed by a set of tools that allow an interoperable access to the data and the metadata with standards following the European Directive INSPIRE. A Web Map Server has been set up using ESRI ArcGis Server. It allows the publication of REST services and WMS services for being consumed by native ESRI web applications or other clients. These standards allow us to expose the data stored in the database to external applications. A web map client was developed for the data consultation where the user could search by different parameters and the results are displayed individually and aggregately. This data is available through web services for external applications to be consumed. This GIS geoportal represents a useful tool for decision making processes for coastal management, ranging from recreational uses, marine protected areas, fisheries, industry and conservation purposes. Moreover, the added value to the project is that this atlas is the first one carried out in the Mediterranean strictly including marine species from phytoplankton to large species.


As a new method,iber bragg grating sensing technology has been applied in the engineering structure monitoring because it has the high performance-to-price ratio.Take the house dead load experiment as an example and introduce the fiber grating monitor principle and sensor's installment in detail,the result of dead load experiment indicated that the measurement data of fiber bragg grating sensor is reliable and has good application prospects.


Quality of service (QoS) requirements have paved the way to a great deal of research about scheduling and resource allocation mechanisms. The fairness and throughput maximization have been considered as classical techniques. These techniques fail to fit with different QoS requirements over the Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. These QoS requirements are presented in the form of scheduling priorities, delay budgets, etc. To handle service class requirements in LTE network, this paper suggests a new scheduling algorithm entitled Multiclass Scheduling Algorithm (MuCSA) that deals with QoS requirements, relying on the multiclass systems. Simulation results show that our scheduling algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in terms of the system throughput, delay and fairness.


This paper provides insight to the background of the development and requirements for panel–zone design in the 1986 AISC LRFD specifications. In particular, two criteria for the design of beam–column panel zones are discussed; the first method is based on the von Mises first–yield criterion for the panel–zone web, and the other utilizes the post–yield shear resistance of the panel derived from the flexural resistance of boundary elements surrounding the panel–zone joint. The nonlinear behavior of a moment–resisting frame with panel–zone joints designed according to these two requirements is studied. Lui's 1985 rigorous second–order elastic– plastic hinge analysis is used to assess the performance of a frame considering panel–zone deformations. An advanced analysis technique based on a notional–load plastic–hinge approach is introduced. This advanced analysis technique is used to evaluate the proper design criteria for panel–zone joints in moment–resisting frames, and to study the influence of panel–zone deformations on the frame's limit of resistance. From these studies, the effects of the panel–zone deformations on the overall frame resistance can then be summarized and discussed.


The aim of this preliminary mixed method study was to understand dental students' thoughts on internet supported learning environment (ISLE) and to investigate its' impact on their academic success. The research was designed to enroll the students from the 7th semester of School of Dentistry. The lecturer taught dental students for four hours (within four weeks) on the topics of "anamnesis, extraoral and intraoral examination". Voluntary twenty-four students participated actively to the ISLE. During the evaluation phase, data were collected by using open-ended questionnaire, instructor's observation, students' evaluation forms and exam results. According to the Open-ended questionnaire, 90% of the participating students mentioned e-learning experience positively affected their success; 55% of the students stated that dental courses can be taught online. According to students' evaluation form, the highest mean score was granted to the instructor of the course (4.6/5), followed by the learning environment (4.1/5) and the materials (3.7/5). There was a significant difference between the grades granted to the instructor and materials; students thought the instructor was more important than the teaching materials (p<0.05). It was concluded that ISLE supported by PBL increased the students' satisfaction, positive learning environment and academic success.


The principle of the integrator circuit which is constituted of operational amplifier is introduced.Some phenomena in the integrator circuit experimentation are analyzed.Contradictory appearances of theory and measured one are explained.Improved measures and debug methods are introduced.Specific approximate integration circuit is introduced to depress excursion phenomena.The circuit solves the problems effectively,and thus has strong practicability.


Ancient Uyghur writing occupies a special place in the culture of steppe nomads. It is believed that the ancient Uyghur writing arose based on the Sogdian writing (more precisely: it was adapted to it), nevertheless, this writing was used by the steppe nomads for a long time and played an important role in the formation of the ancient Uyghur literary language. Ancient Uyghur inscriptions found in East Turkestan became the object of close attention of scientists after the discovery of the ancient Turkic runic writing.It should also be noted that the ancient Uyghur inscriptions are very diverse in genres, differ in the variety of content and forms of grapheme writing, the classification and analysis of which is the subject of this article. Moreover, we have systematized by content all the main texts of the era of the Uyghur Kaganate, revealed the features of their functioning. Thus, we are trying to reveal the significance and importance of the ancient Uyghur culture in the common Turkic culture and make our contribution to its research.


Abstract : This report explains how satellite derived winds are produced, discusses reliability and accuracy of satellite winds, possible uses, and provides instructions for decoding TWXX-series bulletins. It identifies differences in decoding procedures for U.S., Japanese, and European GOES wind bulletins, and it also provides example of bulletin and how data may be plotted.


George Eliot was acknowledged as one of the greatest realist novelists,yet her last work Daniel Deronda shows a large extent of modernity in theme,characterization and techniques.The modernistic theme of alienation appears in this novel,the female protagonist assumes some aspects of the modern anti-hero,and the work also adopts such modernistic techniques as psychological exploration,non-chronological narrative order and open ending.


The relationship between the permeability and treatability of seven eastern coniferous species and five western species was investigated. A linear relationship was found between fractional volumetric retention and logarithm of [permeability (pressure/viscosity) 0.32 ] for the eastern woods and logarithm of [permeability (pressure/viscosity) 0.18 ] for the western woods, indicating that permeability is the most significant factor affecting retention. The difference in the results for the two groups was attributed to variations in gross anatomical structure. The pressure impregnation of specimens with a light hydrocarbon oil and Cellon solvents followed by their subsequent removal resulted in a slight decrease in air permeability. This was interpreted as an indication that no significant change in the sizes of the pit openings occurred because of treatment with these solvents.


Objective:To observe the effect of "Yiqihuoxue Huayutongfu Decoction" on neovascularization and growth of chorioallantoic membrane(CAM).Menthods:Guizhifuling Capsule and Protamine were used as the positive control groups,and normal sodium as negative control group.The neovascularization and growth of the CAM were observed in different groups.Results and condusious: This Decoction can inhibit the neovascularization and growth of CAM,in which the effect is dependent on doses.


Majority of the indigenous people in Papua New Guinea (about 87 per cent) live on their customary land by engaging in fishing, hunting, gathering and subsistence agriculture for their daily sustenance. Water is obtained directly from rivers, lakes, and other watercourses. At present, Papua New Guinea is undergoing rapid economic growth in forestry, agroforestry, mining, and petroleum development activities. Most (if not all) of these natural resources development activities are conducted on customary land and in and around the environment in which the majority of the indigenous peoples live and on which they rely for their subsistence way of life. Many of these natural resource development projects have caused stress on the water resources: indeed in some instances, the projects have so impaired the quality of the water and water resources as to render such resources unsuitable for human consumption, and thereby adversely affecting the indigenous peoples' subsistence way of life. This has in turn prompted many indigenous peoples to aggressively assert their customary rights as customary right holders to the land and water resources. The now abandoned law suit by the customary water rights holders of the OK Tedi river discussed in Chapter 13 of this thesis stands as a pre-eminent example of this response. The law in Papua New Guinea allows for the customs of the indigenous peoples of the country to be pleaded and applied as law. In keeping with this, statute law on water resources management does not extinguish customary water use rights but allows for coexistence with statute based water use rights. Whilst on the one hand statute based water use rights are elaborately specified, on the other hand, customary water rights are left unspecified and hence remain vague. The challenge therefore is to ascertain the nature of customary water rights. That challenge is the focus of this thesis.


of finds from sites on the Batoka plateau, north-east of Livingstone. The first of these, attributed to the ' Kalomo Culture', was thought to be a development from Early Iron Age pottery of about the fifth century at Kalundu. The second tradition, which was introduced around the twelfth or thirteenth century, and was described from sites on the north-eastern edges of the plateau, was shown to be ancestral to the pottery of the modern inhabitants, the Plateau Tonga. Vogel's chief contribution has been to argue that the ' Kalomo Tradition ' should be regarded as a development, not from the early pottery at Kalundu (which he, like David Phillipson, sees as a quite separate type), but from a ' Victoria Falls Tradition ' which flourished between about the sixth and ninth centuries. This tradition comprises pottery from the lower levels of some of Vogel's own excavations, and also pottery from the Dambwa site near Livingstone, excavated by Daniels and Phillipson. Vogel suggests that the ' Kalomo Culture' sites on the Batoka plateau (which belong to the ninth to twelfth centuries) indicate a population dispersal eastwards from the Victoria Falls region, which may have been caused by the decline in rainfall in central Africa late in the first millennium (a local manifestation of the ' little climatic optimum ' of the present interglacial). Vogel also thinks it probable that the earliest known pottery found in Zambia, from Situmpa, belongs to a very early phase in the development of the Victoria Falls tradition. With regard to the second main pottery tradition identified by Fagan, Vogel is able to show that this ' Tonga Diaspora Tradition', as he calls it, extended west across the Batoka plateau into the Victoria Falls area, where it was well established by about the twelfth century. He also argues that here too this tradition is ancestral to very recent local pottery.


Obvious spatial expansion of human settlement occurred in the lower Yellow River floodplain during the Longshan period, but the external factors driving this expansion remain unclear. In this study, we first delineated the hydroclimatic changes at both regional and local scales within and around the lower Yellow River floodplain and then examined the relationships of human settlements with hydroclimatic settings between the pre-Longshan and Longshan periods. The results indicate that the site distribution, site density and hydroclimatic conditions exhibited significant shifts during the pre-Longshan and Longshan periods. In the pre-Longshan period, the intense East Asian summer monsoon and abundant monsoon-related precipitation caused widespread development of lakes and marshes in the lower Yellow River floodplain. As a result, the circumjacent highlands of the lower Yellow River floodplain contained concentrated human settlements. However, the persistent weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon and consequent precipitation decline, in conjunction with accelerated soil erosion due to decreasing forest vegetation and strengthening of human activities on the upstream Loess Plateau in the Longshan period, are likely to have jointly caused both shrinking and faster filling of preexisting lakes and marshes. Subsequently, a large area of arable land had been created in the lower Yellow River floodplain and thus was occupied by locally rapid increasing population, resulting in the notable spatial expansion of human settlements during the Longshan period.


We employed an iterative Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization reaction to ether from tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal to synthesize trans-fused polyethers. This approach should be applicable to synthesize the core structure of marine ladder toxins.


The problem of oscillation suppression is the key to ensuring the normal operation of the traveling wave tubes (TWTs). In this paper, design of a frequency-selective filter for restraining high frequency oscillation in Ka-band sheet beam traveling-wave tubes is presented. Two design methods are used to extract and radiate the microwave on oscillation frequency, while avoiding the influence on the operating frequency. One is combination of multi-section gradual matching and pyramidal horn antenna, and the other is combination of multi-section gradual matching and Ka standard matched load. The simulation results of both methods show return loss (S11) is more than 20 dB over 26 GHz -– 40 GHz, and insertion loss (S21) is less than 10 dB over 35 GHz -– 38 GHz.


Clinical Ink is pleased that the FDA has taken this initial step to clarify the acceptable use of electronic source documentation in clinical investigations. Dr. Thomas W. Littlejohn, III 1 , an experienced investigator who served as a PI and oversaw thousands of clinical studies, co-founded Clinical Ink four years ago with the goal of developing an application specifically designed to eliminate paper source documents at research sites. In fact, Dr. Littlejohn played a small role in some of the earliest thinking about the topic of eSource in a discussion with former commissioner Von Eschenbach several years ago.


From March to October 1989, 237 French gastroenterologists included 1,301 patients referred for irritable bowel syndrome in a 9-month epidemiological survey based on questionnaires and monthly auto-evaluation. In the patient population, the high preponderance of women (sex ratio: 2.33), the high prevalence of cholecystectomy (9%), appendectomy (53%) and an association with at least one symptom of non-ulcer dyspepsia (70%) were observed. Fifty per cent of the patients completed the 9-month follow-up period; among them, 60% declared an improvement in their symptoms, but only 30% in their quality of life and independently of the clinical course. This study suggests that symptoms and quality of life in patients consulting for irritable bowel syndrome should be taken into account separately, both in daily practice and in therapeutic evaluation.


Polyatomic molecules are described by nonintegrable Hamiltonians. For such systems it has been predicted (Percival 1973) that there are two regions of the quantal spectrum with contrasting properties. Eigenvalues are obtained for the Henon-Heiles nonintegrable Hamiltonian (1964). Two regions of the quantal spectrum are found which behave differently under a slowly changing perturbation. This behaviour is required by Percival for the existence of regular and irregular spectra.


In your name you are my destiny, for me you are destiny. Everything began, you remember, when I pronounced it, you had your hands on the wheel, and I know that I am writing this, my destiny, fate, my chance, when on the envelope I risk, which is indeed how I feel the thing, when I risk the first word of the address. I address myself to you, somewhat as if I were sending myself, never certain of seeing it come back, that which is destined for me. And when I am able to pronounce it, when I softly call myself by your name, nothing else is there, do you hear, nothing else, no one else in the world. --Jacques Derrida (1) MY LOVE IS DESTINY, IS WRITTEN INTO MY STORY FROM THE BEGINNING. But despite that, because of that, I am vulnerable, vulnerable in and as my love for her. There is simultaneously an indeterminacy and a force of determination. "My story," told by me, should be of my love, its verbal force directed towards another object, which is receding away somewhere else. But call it "her," and it is at once decisively feminized, substantialized. The suggestion of an object for my verbal power is now its entirety, and washes it away. My love is now my love, my beloved. She is everywhere, and I can find nowhere for myself. My love is destined to be the one who alienates "my love for her." Because she occupies all its possibilities, all the possibilities of my love, I am vulnerable, alienated in the midst of determination. This is also the condition of Wordsworth's Blessed Babe in The Prelude, who holds "mute dialogues with my mother's heart" by "intercourse of touch," and by sight "does gather passion" from her eyes. It is the "birthright" of his being, a "discipline of love" that is at his poetic origin. His "being" is undefined, and must first make contact with "an earthly soul," the touch of which is the breeze which vivifies, combines and organizes the elements of his mind, makes them into a mind. This bond enables him to return to her nature, but with an active, original force, mind as poetic imagination, nature as new creation. (2) Andrzej Warminski shows that this origin, however, is difficult, does not coincide with itself as original. Poetry is the elaborated, linguistic bond of self-consciousness, yet here it comes from a glance, a touch, merely perceptual sensations: In other words, unlike the Babe's reading of the Mother, [this] phenomenalizing, phenomenological interpretation cannot read "passion"--because it wants to think it in naturalistic, perceptual, preconscious, prelinguistic terms; i.e., as a need--and hence cannot understand the origin of language. As Paul de Man puts it in a footnote on the erotic in "Hypogram and Inscription": "Rather than being a heightened version of sense experience, the erotic is a figure that makes such experience possible. We do not see what we love but we love in the hope of confirming the illusion that we are seeing anything at all." (3) The origin of poetry is not poetic, forcing Wordsworth into an illegitimate imposition which makes "dialogues" of touch and an articulated gathering of "passion" out of sight. In the passage from Derrida, the speaker is constituted by his love for a love who, once she is reached, dissolves the possibility of that trajectory away. In the same way, Wordsworth seems to formulate the erotic as art loving nature, the empirical perception of the feminine the desire of masculinity's transcendentality of mind. Yet that transcendency, as transcendency, to be itself must have constituted feminine nature from the start and so cannot have been itself--which of course also means that nature cannot be entirely natural either. The discipline of love is language making itself into language at the point where it precisely cannot have been linguistic. My passion for my beloved, at the point she appears, washes me away. As de Man puts it in the footnote quoted by Warminski, the beloved does not make us love, but we love in order to make the beloved the beloved, to make love possible. …


Abstract This article considers weakly singular, singular and hypersingular integrals which arise when the boundary integral equations (BIE) are used to solve problems in the theory of elasticity and fracture mechanics. For their regularization, an approach based on the application of the Gauss‐Ostrogradskii and the Green theorems has been used. The expressions, which allow an easy calculation of the weakly singular, singular and hypersingular integrals for any convex polygon, have been constructed. Such an approach may be generalized easily and applied for the calculation of multidimensional integrals with various singularities.


Objective To study the difference of epithelial cell adhesion molecule( Ep CAM) and CD44 expressions in different gastric tissues for exploring its association with oncogenesis,invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods The specimens of 42 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues,25 atypical hyperplasia tissues and 25 normal gastric tissues were collected. The Ep CAM and CD44 expressions in the tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method,and the relationships between their expression and clinical pathological parameters and the correlation of Ep CA and CD44 expressions were analyzed. Results By pairwise comparison,there were all significant differences in the positive rates of Ep CAM in gastric carcinoma tissues,atypical hyperplasia tissue and normal tissue( 88. 1%,64. 0%,8. 0%,all P 0. 01),and its expression in gastric adenocarcinoma tissue was related to lymph node metastasis,serosal invasion and TNM stage( Ⅰ-Ⅱ / Ⅲ-Ⅳ)( all P 0. 05). By pairwise comparison,there were also significant differences in the positive rates of CD44 in gastric carcinoma tissues,atypical hyperplasia tissues and normal tissues( 69. 4%,40. 0%,12. 0%,all P 0. 01),and its expression in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues was related to TNM stage( Ⅰ-Ⅱ / Ⅲ-Ⅳ,P 0. 01),differentiation degree( high-mid /low,P 0. 05) and lymph node metastasis( P 0. 01). There was positive correlation between the expressions of Ep CAM and CD44 in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues( r = 0. 363,P 0. 01).Conclusions Ep CAM and CD44 play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma and are involved in its invasion and metastasis. Their combined detection can be used as the index of early diagnosis and judgment of prognostic of gastric cancer.


Abstract By using a rubber diaphragm as pressure transmitting medium, a cured adhesion test method has been developed which permits controllable curing pressures to be employed. The quest for a new adhesion test method was occasioned by lack of confidence in existing test methods with respect to reproducibility and correlation between testing sites. The diaphragm cures "hi place" with a minimum of rubber movement as compared to excessive press pressures which induce flow. Controllable vulcanizing pressures and temperatures permit accurate adhesion evaluation of individual components in the laboratory under conditions which closely approximate manufacturing methods. A prime goal has been evaluation of true chemical bonding and elimination of all possible mechanical adhesion contributions inherent in most rubber-product fabrications. The diaphragm pressure adhesion test can be used by Quality Control, Development, or Research Department as an accurate tool to evaluate the chemical adhesion potential of rubb...


PURPOSE: Oligonucleotide primers and probes specific to Clostridium difficile and a method for detecting Clostridium difficile using the same are provided, thereby rapidly, sensitively and specifically detecting Clostridium difficile using nucleic acid fragments specific to Clostridium difficile A or B toxin. CONSTITUTION: A method for detecting Clostridium difficile comprises the steps of: PCR amplifying a testing sample using nucleic acid fragments as a primer; and nucleotide sequencing the PCR amplified products, wherein the nucleic acid fragment comprises 6 or more consecutive nucleotides derived from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 142, or combination thereof; the nucleic acid fragment is DNA, RNA or PNA; the combination comprises more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence out of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 30, and more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence from SEQ ID NO: 31 to SEQ ID NO: 60, and the PCR product thereof is a more than 50bp of Clostridium difficile A toxin gene specific primer; the combination comprises more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence out of SEQ ID NO: 61 to SEQ ID NO: 101, and more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence from SEQ ID NO: 102 to SEQ ID NO: 142, and the PCR product thereof is a more than 50bp of Clostridium difficile B toxin gene specific primer; and the combination comprises more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence out of SEQ ID NO: 31 to SEQ ID NO: 60, and more than 6 consecutive nucleotides derived from one nucleotide sequence from SEQ ID NO: 61 to SEQ ID NO: 101, and the PCR product thereof is a more than 50bp of Clostridium difficile A and B toxin genes specific primer. The alternative method for detecting Clostridium difficile comprises fusing the testing sample with a probe.


Recently sparse coding have been highly successful in image classification mainly due to its capability of incorporating the sparsity of image representation. In this paper, we propose an improved sparse coding model based on linear spatial pyramid matching(SPM) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. The novelty is the simultaneous non-convex and non-negative characters added to the sparse coding model. Our numerical experiments show that the improved approach using non-convex and non-negative sparse coding is superior than the original ScSPM[1] on several typical databases.


By issuing the Law 73 of the Tax System in 1994, the taxation on the usage and exploitation of natural resources began to be applied to promote a rational usage of these resources on the protection of the environment. This article refers to the application of this tax in Cuba based on records of imprinted and digital bibliography containing considerations of environmental economists about the subject on a legal approach. It also offers the reader a general view of the application of this tax in the province of Santiago de Cuba as well as information for the specialists incharge of collecting its income which is used to encourage the protection of the environment.


Computer games are rich, complex, and often large-scale software applications. They're a significant, interesting, and often compelling domain for innovative research in software engineering techniques and technologies. Computer games are progressively changing the everyday world in many positive ways. Game developers, whether focusing on entertainment market opportunities or game-based applications in nonentertainment domains such as education, healthcare, defense, or scientific research (that is, serious games), thus share a common interest in how best to engineer game software. This article examines techniques and technologies that inform contemporary computer game software engineering.


In today's time of computerized innovation, security turns into a noticeable issue while exchanging information starting with one spot to next spot. Information is gone in type of computerized pictures in different regions like security organizations, military, secured systems and so forth. With the headway in innovation & altering instruments like Photoshop, Corel Draw and other programming devices, it is anything but difficult to alter the pictures. Picture legal sciences decide the genuineness of the images. Image manipulation (altering) is additionally named as Image Forgery. Copy-move forgery is more basic in which one piece of the picture is replicated and stuck into another area of the same picture to conceal points of interest. It can be urgent undertakings where pictures are utilized as proof prefer court, restorative office etc. Forgery detection can be troublesome if it has connected some post handling operations like re-sizing, sifting, revolution, JPEG pressure etc. In this paper, we are going to represent a new method of Copy-Move attack detection using E-SIFT. Proposed system will detect the forgery and also estimate the parameters of transformation used (i.e. rotation, scaling etc.). It will reduce the time to detect the forgery, & enhance the overall throughput.


Understanding the behavior of cavitation bubbles driven by ultrasonic fields is an important problem in biomedical acoustics. The Keller–Miksis equation for nonlinear bubble dynamics is combined with the Voigt model for viscoelastic media. Using experimentally determined values, the effects of elasticity on bubble oscillations are studied. Inertial cavitation thresholds are determined using Rmax/R0=2, and subharmonic emissions are also estimated. The elasticity increases the threshold pressure for inertial cavitation, and subharmonic signals are significant only in a certain region of radii and driving pressures at a given frequency. These results should prove useful in cavitation detection and bubble-enhanced imaging work.


A new type of optical-microwave conversion system has been proposed as high-stabilized oscillators and optical interfaces for superconducing circuits. The photomixer with heterodyne mixing of two lasers was applied to generate the electromagnetic waves and high-TC grain boundary Josephson junction detector was used to monitor the frequency of electromagnetic waves in real time. The current-voltage properties of Josephson junction detector were examined and the system operation up to 50 GHz was demonstrated. We also described in detail the two types of optical-microwave conversion system.


We present a multiwavelength observation of a solar flare occurring on 2006 December 13 with Hinode, RHESSI, and the Nobeyama Radio Observatory to study the electron acceleration site and mechanism. The Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board Hinode observed elongated flare ribbons, and RHESSI observed double-footpoint hard X-ray (HXR) sources appearing in part of the ribbons. A photospheric vector magnetogram obtained from SOT reveals that the HXR sources are located at the region where horizontal magnetic fields change direction. The region is interpreted as the footpoint of magnetic separatrix. Microwave images taken with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph show a loop structure connecting the HXR sources. The brighter parts of the microwave intensity are located between the top and footpoints of the loop. We consider these observations as evidence of electron acceleration near the magnetic separatrix and injection parallel to the field line.


The determination of the mass, composition, and geometry of matter outflows in black hole-neutron star and neutron star-neutron star binaries is crucial to current efforts to model kilonovae, and to understand the role of neutron star merger in r-process nucleosynthesis. In this manuscript, we review the simple criteria currently used in merger simulations to determine whether matter is unbound and what the asymptotic velocity of ejected material will be. We then show that properly accounting for both heating and cooling during r-process nucleosynthesis is important to accurately predict the mass and kinetic energy of the outflows. These processes are also likely to be crucial to predict the fallback timescale of any bound ejecta. We derive a model for the asymptotic veloicity of unbound matter and binding energy of bound matter that accounts for both of these effects and that can easily be implemented in merger simulations. We show, however, that the detailed velocity distribution and geometry of the outflows can currently only be captured by full 3D fluid simulations of the outflows, as non-local effect ignored by the simple criteria used in merger simulations cannot be safely neglected when modeling these effects. Finally, we propose the introduction of simple source terms in the fluid equations to approximately account for heating/cooling from r-process nucleosynthesis in future seconds-long 3D simulations of merger remnants, without the explicit inclusion of out-of-nuclear statistical equilibrium reactions in the simulations.


Background. The aim of our work was to determine changes in opticalanatomical elements of myopic eyes of full-term and premature children during accommodation by means of precise ultrasonic biometry. Materials and methods. The study was made on healthy full-term children's eyes with emmetropic refraction (group, n = 20); full-term 1st degree myopic children's eyes with refraction from -1.0 D to -3.0 D (group 2, n = 16), and premature children's myopic eyes with refraction -1.0 D to -3.0 D (group 3, n = 12). The age of children ranged from 6 to 15 years. Gestation age in the pre-term group ranged from 25 to 34 weeks. All were seen in the clinic for the risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity. Precise ultrasonic biometry was done using the ultrasonic measuring system. Results. Ultrasonic biometry evaluates optical-anatomical parameters in premature children's myopic eyes. Axial length was longer than in healthy and full-term myopic children's eyes (mean, 24.09 ± 0.69 mm) and lens thickness was bigger (mean 3.35 ± 0.14 mm). In the healthy children's group: axial length was 23.49 ± 0.48 mm and lens thickness 3.00 ± 0.07 mm, and in the full-term myopic children's group the axial length was 23.79 ± 0.59 mm and lens thickness 3.24 ± 0.14 mm. Conclusions. No changes in the size of the eye optical-anatomical elements were found in the accommodation process for full-term and premature children's slightly myopic eyes. In the group of premature children, longer axial length and bigger size of lens thickness were found in myopic eyes (24.09 ± 0.69 mm and 3.35 ± 0.14 mm, respectively). In the group of premature children changes in the optical-anatomical elements parameters of myopic eyes were more pronounced than in the group of full-term children, and it could lead to higher myopia development. Ultrasonic biometry is an effective method in evaluating the activity of eye accommodation apparatus and the possibilities of eye accommodation. Precise ultrasonic biometry can reveal early eye accommodation disturbances in pre-mature children and evaluate the level of myopia.


Abstract In this paper an approach to model-based batch process quality control and optimization using flexible production recipes is presented. Unlike the fixed recipes traditionally used in process industries, a flexible recipe depends on externally provided data from the process as well as the market. In order to manipulate a flexible recipe in a proper and convenient way, the information system FRIS—containing modules for experiment design, recipe initialization and correction, on-line process and off-line experiment evaluation, model development and recipe improvement—is being developed. Each of these functions will be discussed further.


Purpose of the war is to degrade the enemy's will and economic capacity. It may sound surprising but wealth destruction through a market attack can be more effective than taking out enemy's ship/aircraft, when it comes to disabling an opponent. Just to narrate China has over trillions of investment denominated is US dollar and every percentage of devaluation of dollar obviously engineered by "FED" represents a billons of real wealth transfer from China to US. Surely any country can take it up to certain extend and recent intervention by PBOC in managing its own currency is only tip of the iceberg reply to US."Currency/Financial" war is the future of boundaryless warfare.Such war can clamp down countries or even global banking system: When Banking stops, Credit stops, and when Credit stops, Trade stops and when Trade stops, ECONOMY CRUMBLES. Resultant impact of which was felt on commodities across sectors/segment wherein prices tanked to the lows witnessed during recessionary period of 2008-2009. Palm Oil nor Palm Oil producing centres are insulated from such global events. So, is the War ON??? Recent events does hint towards the same but it's too early to conclude. Paper will explore the relationship between currency & its direct impact on commodities, as a result of current tectonic shift. Even though palm oil prices has been significantly impacted in turn making health of exporting countries to ponder upon but has there been any impact on food demand of importing countries or has importing countries stopped consuming or has it started to produce on its own??? It will be explored in detail (consumption centres).Further to that paper will explore on how exporting centres can use such crisis to its advantage (taking some quick bites from event witnessed 18years back "Asian Financial Crisis") by exploring terms of trade with importing centres, by exploring currency of trade (breaking US hegemony), etc. Finally concluding with events to watchful about and analysing the market structure of palm oil and thereafter estimating the palm price forecasts for 2016.


The World Health Organisation has been urged to take emergency action over a rapidly spreading yellow fever epidemic that has so far infected more than 2000 people in Africa and Asia.


ABSTRACT This article constructs long-span time series indices on wages in Denmark and explores the growth in living standards in the pre-industrial era. There were several persistent upward and downward trends in real annual earnings from 1500 to 1820, but no clear upward long-term trend. This finding seems hard to reconcile with Maddison's figure for the average annual growth in real GDP per capita in Denmark (0.17%) over the same period. This is the case, even if the growth rate in pre-industrial annual earnings is underestimated by 0.05%–0.06% per annum due to an increased number of working days.


A tea for preventing and suppressing diabetes and high blood viscosity is prepared from the leaf and flower of inflatedfruit senna (7-8 wt portions), jasmine flower (1-1.5), and green tea (1-1.5) through slowly drying the leaf and flower of inflated fruit senna, mixing, flavouring and sterilizing. Its advantages are rich Fe, Ca, Zn, enzyme and soluble cellulose and agreeable taste.


Conversion of Tricarbonyl(η4-6,6-diphenylpentafulvene)iron with Nucleophiles

Tricarbonyl(η4-6,6-diphenylpentafulvene)iron (2a), reacts with methanol/methoxide to form the "metalloester" 7a via nucleophilic attack of the carbon monoxide ligand. This is contrary to an earlier report in which a bridged cyclopentadiene system 6 has been proposed as reaction product.


We extend a theorem of Villareal on bipartite graphs to the class of all graphs. On the way to this result, we study the basic covers algebra of an arbitrary graph G. We characterize with purely combinatorial methods the cases when 1) is a domain and 2) G is unmixed and is a domain.


Based on the dynamic analysis theory of rolling bearings,a dynamic model for deep groove ball bearings considering the effects of bearing components' working surface waviness was established. Taking a type of low-noise deep groove ball bearing as an example,the bearing vibration characteristics were analyzed theoretically with various bearing structural parameters,working conditions and working surface wavinesses. The results showed that the bearing basic vibration can be reduced by selecting reasonable primary parameters,for instance,bearing radial clearance,inner and outer raceway groove curvature radius coefficients,pocket clearance of cage,and so on; the larger the bearing width,the smaller the bearing vibration; a certain axial loads can reduce effectively the bearing vibration; there is a reasonable rotating speed range for smaller bearing vibration; the severe vibration occurs when the inner and outer raceway surface waviness orders are an integer multiple of the number of balls; the exciting frequency corresponding the waviness orders of outer raceway is kzfcand that of the inner raceway is kzfc+ fs; the even waviness orders of ball working surface has an exciting effect on the bearing vibration; the vibration produced by rotating ring is more severe than that of fixed ring; the bearing vibration increases greatly with increase in radial loads or rotating speed.


The Bidirectional Dc–Dc Converters have been widely studied for various Industrial Applications such as Auxiliary Power Supplies, Renewable Energy System, Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell-based Dc–Dc Converters, Battery Charged/Discharged Converter and Uninterruptible Power Supplies System. In the Electric Vehicle System, the Energy storage devices and its Charging/Discharging control techniques are necessary. However, these Topologies with Isolated Transformers have High-conduction losses, because the usual number of power switches is between Four and Nine. In order to solve these problems, the Bidirectional Dc Converter is proposed in this paper for Charging and Discharging Batteries that are utilized in Energy systems A Bidirectional Half bridge Dc-Dc Converter provides with an Active Flyback and Passive Capacitor Diode Snubber. It consists of Low and high side switches which can operate near Zero Voltage Switching and Zero Current Switching. Passive and Active Snubbers in the circuit were suggested to reduce the voltage spikes. This Snubber arrangement not only reduce the Voltage spikes but also relieves the drawbacks of high current and high voltage stress inflict on the main switches at both Turn On and Turn Off. It is typically arranged with Boost and Buck type Topologies and it is simulated by using MATLAB SOFTWARE.


The collapse of eastern and central European empires in the wake of the First World War laid bare the ethnic and sociocultural cleavages that imperial polities had long masked. These empires had required that existing communal loyalties and bonds be grafted onto imperial maps. All too often these overlapping identities and networks did not match. As the perennial "other" with close relations across imperial borders, Jews did not map efficiently onto empires. Jewish mobility and migration patterns fueled latent suspicions of Jewish loyalty. Some Jews embraced the establishment of new nationstates and their promise of minority rights. Others could be counted among the strongest proponents of empires, seeing them as counterweights to the more xenophobic national entities that emerged in their wake. As a result, when the existing centers collapsed during the war and power vacuums replaced autocratic states, traumatized nationalists, rogue soldiers, and hungry peasants all took out their rage on the Jewish population. The most terrible manifestations of this chaos were the pogroms of the civil war in Ukraine. The 1,000-plus pogroms between 1918 and 1921 were unprecedented in scale, dwarfing previous bouts of anti-Jewish violence that had sporadically erupted in the region. Official Soviet investigations into the violence put the Jewish death toll at 100,194. Other observers estimated that up to 200,000 Jews were murdered. The violence of the pogroms shocked a world that was desperately striving to manufacture peace in the aftermath of the bloodbath that was the Great War. In 1919, world leaders were convening in Paris for the start of the peace talks that would culminate in a series of treaties (including the Treaty of Versailles) when word of the most deadly pogroms reached them. Nowhere was the impact of the pogroms felt more closely than in the United States, where recent Jewish immigrants from Ukraine followed the Pogroms and the Collapse of Empire


The concept of the metabolic syndrome has existed for several decades and is believed to be a result of changing worldwide patterns of nutritional intake and physical activity. Also known as the insulin resistance syndrome, the metabolic syndrome is regarded as being a metabolic complication of obesity with insulin resistance as a major underlying factor. Growing interest in the metabolic syndrome is driven in part by advances in research on understanding the metabolic basis of this disorder.


In his philosophy, the leter Heidegger attemped to gain a non-reifying access of to Being. To this end he turned to art, especting it to make precisely Such access possible. His principal writing on aesthetics in the essay "The Origin of the Work of Art" (1935-1936). Kant, when writing on aesthetics, had investigated aesthetic experience, that is to say the effect of works of art on the subject. In opposition to this, Heidegger emphasized in his essay the autonomous value of a work of art. According to Heidegger a work of aer most most not be misunderstood as a thing with distinctive characteristics of its own such as, for instance, the fact that it depicts reality particulary well or particulary beautifully. On the contrary it reveals the general nature of thing, thereby opening up a view of the world for us. Keyword : art, aesthetics, being and time, heidegger


A novel virtual flux based direct power control space vector modulated (DPC-SVM) for 3-phase PWM rectifier with compensation of higher harmonics function is presented. The active and reactive power is used as a control variables for the PWM rectifier and active filtering operation. As a result several coordinate transformations are eliminated. Simulated and experimental steady state and dynamic performance for PWM rectifier and active filtering operation are presented. Among the main advantages of DPC-SVM are: simple algorithm, good dynamic and operation at constant switching frequency. Additionally a line voltage sensors were replaced by the virtual flux estimator which also help to achieve sinusoidal line current in case of distorted line voltage.


We describe a classroom experiment that illustrates the concepts of market power and the Lerner Index. Students are organized in groups, each making a decision for a monopolist. Monopolists face different (unknown) demand curves, each with a different (constant) elasticity. Through repetition, students discover the profit maximizing solution and find that different monopolies have different mark-ups. The experimenter then reveals the unknown demand curves and illustrates how different elasticities are graphically and numerically connected to mark-ups and the Lerner index. The experiment can be used in a wide variety of courses including principles of economics, intermediate microeconomics, industrial organization, international trade, managerial economics and MBA classes. The experimental design is flexible: it can accommodate different class sizes (ranging from 10 to 100+ students) as well as different demand parameterizations. Finally, to reinforce the economic concept of profit maximization (MR=MC) in this setting, we also suggest and describe the implementation of an exercise based on the experimental design.


Abstract A new polyarylenevinylene containing vinyl pyrrole (PVP) was obtained from the monomer,2,5-bis(inethylenedimethylsulfo-niuin) chloride pyrrole, which was prepared from 2,5-dimethylpyrrole by the modified sulfonium polyelectrolyte precursor route. The polymerization conditions for the preparation of precursor polymers are described. The highest yield was obtained when the PYP was synthesized at-40°C with the monomer/base concentration ratios of 0.5/0.2 and thermally eliminated at 220°C. The electrical conductivity of the PVP synthesized with aforementioned conditions was given as 6.8 × 1O7 Scm−1.


In order to adapt the fast,convenient and practical needs of charging,the design of a universal-intelligent charger for any kind of battery used for electric vehicle was introduced in this paper.To speed up the charging process,a 3-sectional variable pulse charging method with discharge of depolarization was offered,and the constant of each stage with Fuzzy adaptive PID control was kept.The hardware and software implementation scheme of the main circuit and the controller were presented at last.


The Brown-Peterson cohomology for skeleta of the classifyi ng space of the group Z4 Z4 is analyzed in order to describe obstructions to the motion p la ning problem for a particle moving in a 4-torsion lens space. We di scuss the relationship of this situation to the Euclidean immersion problem for 2e-torsion lens spaces, and the way this leads to an alternative approach to the classica l immersion problem for real projective spaces.


One important source for renewable energy is the production of transportation fuels from biomass feedstocks. This 'biofuel' can be produced from gasified biomass. However, the gasifier types under consideration produce both tar and methane when biomass is gasified. The tars and methane in the syngas contain a significant portion of the energy in the syngas; converting these to CO and hydrogen increases the overall process yield substantially. In addition, FT catalysts and biological processes are sensitive to the components in the "tars"; clean-up systems have been identified as a significant cost in the biomass to liquid fuels processes. Recent efforts at Praxair have focused on the development of an oxygen-based reforming technology that can effectively reform the methane into syngas and remove tars. These efforts, described in this paper, include both experimental testing in an existing 1 ton/d oxygen blown gasifier and detailed modeling of the reforming process. Background An increasing desire for energy independence and reduced carbon emissions has led to increased emphasis on the use of renewable energy. One such use is the conversion of biomass to useful end products, e.g. electricity, liquid fuels such as ethanol and diesel. Biomass being considered includes municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural residue, e.g. rice hulls, forest residue, wood chips, energy crops such as switchgrass, poplar and willow. Thermochemical and biological processes are being considered for the conversion of biomass into fuels. The first step of converting biomass to a biofuel, e.g. ethanol thermochemically is gasification in which the biomass is converted to syngas through a partial oxidation reaction. Steam and/or oxygen can be used as the oxidant for the gasification step. The syngas composition is generally a function of:  Biomass composition,  Type of gasifier, e.g. fluidized bed, fixed bed, entrained flow, plasma,  Process conditions in the gasifier, e.g. temperature, pressure, thoroughness of circulation in fluidized bed gasifiers, degree of channeling in fixed bed gasifiers,  Amount and type of oxidant used. The syngas, usually produced at temperatures in excess of 800 °F (450 °C), has to be cleaned for removal of impurities such as particulates, alkali metals, sulfur compounds and tar. It is also possible to recover the sensible heat from the hot syngas as steam or power. The clean syngas is then converted to the desired end-product. Conversion processes include biological and catalytic (e.g. Fischer-Tropsch type) processes. It is expected that the majority of the biomass gasifiers will be of the fluidized bed or fixed bed type. With fluidized bed or fixed bed gasifiers, the syngas is typically at 1500 °F (800 °C) and contains 5 – 15% CH4 and 1 – 100 g tar/Nm 3 syngas. CH4 will act as an inert in the downstream conversion process, be it catalytic, Fischer-Tropsch or fermentation. Thus, CH4 formation in the gasifier reduces the overall fraction of carbon in the biomass that is converted to fuel. Tars are generally defined as all organics with a boiling temperature above that of benzene. They are produced by thermal or partial oxidation of any organic material. Conventional syngas cleanup units typically contain a tar scrubbing system. In such cases, the tar is either re-injected into the gasifier or combusted in a boiler. Recently Praxair developed a process to increase the overall conversion of biomass to syngas by reforming the tar and methane into useful gasification products, CO and H2. This tar/methane reforming is done through a non-catalytic partial oxidation (POx) process using Praxair's hot oxygen burner (HOB) technology. An illustration of the HOB is provided in Figure 3. An excess of O2 is mixed with a small amount of fuel (e.g. natural gas, propane, recycled syngas). Combustion of this fuel yields temperatures in excess of 2000 o F (1100 °C). The hot gas (combustion products and O2) accelerates to sonic velocity through a nozzle, forming a turbulent jet. This turbulent jet has an enormous entrainment appetite that enhances mixing between the tar/methane containing syngas and the reactive hot oxygen stream. The combination of high temperature, high O2 concentration and rapid mixing make the jet extremely reactive. Therefore a HOB-based POx process can provide better syngas (defined as CO and H2) yields than if ambient temperature oxygen were used. The hot oxygen jet characteristics also allow the HOB system to process difficult to use fuels. In the past, HOB technology has been shown to work well with a diverse range of materials, including sewage sludge, manure, glycerin. It is thus expected that such a system will be more tolerant of particulates, sulfur and other impurities that tend to be present in the syngas. Figure 1. Schematic of hot oxygen burner (HOB) Experimental results For this program an existing entrained flow gasifier system was used to generate syngas for testing tar and methane reforming. The entrained flow gasifier, used previously to partially gasify coal to produce powdered activated carbon (PAC), mixes hot oxygen with the solid feedstock to rapidly gasify the feedstock. Typical feedstock flowrates are 1-2 ton/day, depending on feedstock type. Several different feedstocks were used, including specific woody biomass samples supplied by a potential customer. Injection ports were installed in the top of the gasifier to allow the resulting syngas to be 'doped' as needed to simulate a given commercial syngas composition. For example, preliminary testing of the reforming concept used coal-derived syngas doped with methane. Other additions include steam and specific hydrocarbon contaminants of interest. The syngas composition could also be modified by changing the hot oxygen to feedstock ratio (gasifier stoichiometric ratio, SR), with lower gasifier SR leading to lower temperatures and higher methane production. Hot (1300 °F, 700 °C) syngas exits the gasifier and flows horizontally into the transition section. The transition section (shown in Figure 2) has a hot oxygen "lance" mounted at a right angle to the gas flow. Natural gas and oxygen are burned to form the hot oxygen stream which passes through the nozzle. Secondary reagents, such as steam, can be injected in an annulus around the nozzle. Given the rapid mixing between the hot oxygen and the syngas, the bulk of the reforming occurs in the transition section with the vertical reforming section used to provide additional residence time. Thermocouples are installed in both the transition section and reformer to provide time-temperature data. As the syngas leaves the reformer it is quenched by injecting nitrogen to reduce the temperature before it passes into a cyclone for particulate control. Cyclone inlet temperatures are typically 350-500 °F (175-260 °C). The cooled gas leaves the cyclone and passes through a burner to incinerate the syngas. Gas composition and tar measurements are made at the gasifier outlet and the reformer outlet simultaneously. Gas flowrates, feedstock flowrate, temperatures and gas composition measurements are automatically logged with a DAQ system. Figure 2. 1 ton/d entrained flow gasifier and reformer In the gasification/reforming experiments a wide range of syngas compositions, including methane concentration, were tested. A relatively narrow range of reformer stoichiometric ratios, defined as the amount of residual oxygen injected through the hot oxygen nozzle over the oxygen required to completely consume the syngas, were tested (~0.15-0.3). Figure 3 shows a summary of the hot oxygen reforming tests when biomass was used as the gasifier feedstock. The conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of syngas generated (CO+H2) compared to that if all the contained methane was converted to CO and H2. These data illustrate two key points. First, the higher the original methane concentration the higher the observed conversion efficiency. This is likely due to the fact that some of the syngas is initially consumed in the POx process in order to increase the bulk gas temperature to the critical temperature for reforming reactions to begin. For these experiments the gasifier outlet temperature was relatively constant, therefore the required syngas, and contained methane, consumption to heat the gas is fairly constant. As the methane content in the syngas increases, the relative amount of methane that is consumed just to heat the gas therefore decreases. The data also indicates that HOB-based reforming can more effectively convert methane to CO and H2 than ambient temperature, or "cold" oxygen. This is due, in part, to increased mixing and reactivity with the hot oxygen. Further, since the hot oxygen has been heated externally using 'lower value' (in the case of biofuel production) natural gas, less syngas, including CO and H2, is consumed to heat the mixture to the critical temperature. Data with fixed methane concentration show that the conversion efficiency generally is a function of the reformer stoichiometric ratio, which is confirmed by the kinetic modeling shown later. Therefore the scatter in Figure 3 is largely due to the reformer stoichiometric ratio differences at each methane concentration. Figure 3. Summary of incremental syngas from gasification tests with HOB reforming For many applications destruction of the tar contained in the syngas is a requirement for a successful reforming technology. In fact, for some applications tar destruction is the primary driver for the technology. During the experimental program tar concentration measurements were made for select conditions using a standard protocol developed for sampling tar from syngas 1 . In this process hot syngas was drawn through a filter for particulate removal and then passed through a series of impingers containing washing fluids. Figure 4 shows two impingers after tar sampling from the gasifier (G) and from the reformer (R). As can be seen fr


BACKGROUND
Reduction of six pesticide residues (isoprocarb, chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, beta-cypermethrin, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in cowpea by alkaline electrolysed water (AlEW) solutions with different pH was investigated. The commonly used washing treatments in household processing were used for comparison.

RESULTS
The residue magnitudes were determined by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results showed that the removal effect of AlEW solution on the six pesticides was superior to tap water, 5% sodium chloride, 5% sodium carbonate and 5% acetic acid solution. AlEW with pH 12.2 had more potential to eliminate the six pesticides in cowpeas. Moreover, the reduction of pesticide residues gradually increased with the increase of washing time.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that AlEW solution with pH of 12.2 could be used to reduce pesticide residues on fresh cowpea samples. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.


At the 5th National Congress of the CPC,a series of documents were established,among them containing many right contents and science principles.They formed the important ideology basis for August 7th Meeting to establish the new revolution policies.Some left-leaning and right –leaning errors from the Fifth National Congress brought about important influence on August 7th Meeting.


Genetic analysis and association studies were conducted in 128 germplasm lines of pigeon pea received from NBPGR for yield and yield attributing characters. Higher amount of variation was observed for seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant and plant height. High heritability with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were obtained for seed yield and number of pods per plant indicated the presence of additive gene action influencing the inheritance of these characters. Significant positive correlations were observed for 100 seed weight, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield per plant were high and positive. Selection for higher seed weight, days to maturity, primary branches, pods per plant and plant height would be the best criteria for increasing the seed yield per plant in pigeon pea.


The new title compound N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) tetrahydropalmatine ammonium bromide has been synthesized starting from palmatine hydrochloride.The structure of the product was confirmed by 1H NMR,MS(ESI) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 10.5887(11),b = 10.8652(9),c = 12.0914(12) ,β = 84.808(9)o,V = 1253.3(2) ?3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.355 g/cm3,F(000) = 530,μ = 1.680 mm-1,the final R = 0.0833 and w R = 0.2371 for 5112 observed reflections(I > 2?(I)).X-ray analysis indicates that the two planar parts(C(2) C(3) C(4) C(5) C(6) C(7) N(1) C(20) C(21) C(21)) and(C(7) C(8) C(9) C(10) C(12) C(14) N(15) C(16) C(17)) are not coplanar,with the dihedral angles to be 67.9°.Weak interactions mainly between O(5)–H(5)···O from two water molecules and O(5)···Br are observed.


This paper addresses the problem of fitting a known distribution function to the marginal distribution of a stationary long memory moving average random field observed on increasing ν-dimensional "cubic" domains when its mean μ and scale σ are known or unknown. Using two suitable estimators of μ and a classical estimate of σ, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic is defined based on the residual empirical process and having a Cauchy-type limit distribution, independent of μ, σ and the long memory parameter d. Based on this result, a simple goodness-of-fit test for the marginal distribution is constructed, which does not require the estimation of d or any other underlying nuisance parameters. The result is new even for the case of time series, i.e., when ν = 1. Findings of a simulation study investigating the finite sample behavior of size and power of the proposed test is also included in this paper.


Tilapia leather will be stored for several months to be used as production stock. This research was carried out by a vegetable tannery of tilapia leather that was stored for various times at room temperature. The vegetable tanning materials used are mimosa and syntan. This research aims to determine the effect of various storage times on the physical quality of vegetable tannery of tilapia leather. Storage variations of 0, 3 and 6 months were used in this research. The parameter of tensile strength, elongation and shrinkage temperature as physical quality was observed in triplicates. Based on the results, tensile strength and leather elongation were significantly affected, while the shrinkage temperature was not significantly affected. In conclusion, the variations of storage time caused the decreasing vegetable tannery of tilapia leather quality that can be used for reference about the length of storage time that can still be tolerated to maintain the quality of vegetable tannery of tilapia leather as the leather product commercial.


Summary: The inpeding effect of three antifungal substances ‐ Clotrimazole, Nystatin and Pimaricin ‐ on the growth of Candida albicans and the morphogenesis of its developmental forms has been studied in vitro. The antimycetics were employed in indentical concentrations, Pimaricin exerting the strongest impediment, followed by Nystatin, and this by Clotrimazole. The formation of chlamydospores and pseudomycelium on rice agar is impeded in the presence of the antifungal substances in question. Swelling and vacuolation present themselves in the various developmental forms, and these changes depend on the concentration of the antimycetics.


A simple, isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatogr aphic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Salbuta mol Sulphate (SBS) and Doxophylline (DOX) present in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic sep aration achieved isocratically on Luna C 18 column (5 µm, 150mm x 4.60mm) and Acetonitrile/KH 2 PO 4 buffer (40:60, v/v, pH 3.0 with OPA) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Dete ction was carried out at 225 nm. Parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, sand ruggedness are studied as reported in the ICH guidelines. The retention time for SBS and DOX was found to be 3.14±0.015and 5.73±0.06 min respectively. Linearity for SBS and DOX was in the range of 4-20 μ g/ml and 400-2000 μ g/ml respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for SBS and DOX were 98.54and 98.79% respectively and RSD was less than 2. The correlation coefficients for all components are close to 1. The relative standard de viations for three replicate measurements in three concentrations of samples in tablets are alwa ys less than 2%. Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid for si multaneous estimation of SBS and DOX in tablets.


Foeto-placental transfer and excretion into the milk of radioactivity was studied following subcutaneous administration of 14C-MF to pregnant or lactating rats at the dose of 0.5mg/kg.1. On day 13 of gestation, no radioactivity was detected in the fetus based on the whole-body autoradiography.2. On day 19 of gestation, the highest level of radioactivity, found within the fetus, was observed in the intestinal contents, and almost similar levels as that of mother plasma were observed in the liver and lung as determined by theradioactivity measurement and wholebody autoradiography.3. Radioactivity level in the milk was nearly two-fold higher than that of plasma at 4hr after administration but it disappeared below detection limit at 72 hr after administration.


SYNOPSIS A series of five composite trials of Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna, planted in different areas of South Africa in 1983, was remeasured at the age of 7% years. At all locations E. grandis was superior to E. saligna in height, basal area and volume growth as well as stem form. Because of the higher density of E. saligna, the better seedlots of this species were as good wood mass producers as many of the E. grandis seedlots. The best E. grandis seedlots, however, were far superior to the best E. saligna seedlots. Within each species there were often major changes in the ranking of seedlots for growth variables between the ages of four years and 73/4years. There were also indications of moderate genotype X environment interaction for E. grandis. It may therefore be unwise to select superior seedlots at a young age for tree breeding work either within climatic zones or for planting in other zones without testing all seedlots in all climatic zones for at least one-half the expected rotation age. At...


In order to reduce the design period of the aerial passenger device and improve design level,put for- ward the theory of the parameter modeling for the aerial passenger device and expatiate the principle of parame- ter modeling.Furthermore,the main technologies of the Pro/Toolkit saddlebag design that based on Pro/Engi- neer are introduced.Practice shows that this method can model the aerial passenger device,save the time and improve design efficiency.


Novel flavones / chromones (III) with a pyran ring fused at 7,8-position are synthesized starting from the corresponding 8-formyl-7-hydroxy derivatives via Baylis-Hillman reaction.


We begin the study of the consequences of the existence of certain infinite matrices. Our present application is to compactness of products of topological spaces.


Herodotus (I, 107-122) tells us the interesting birth-legend of Cyrus, King of the Achaemenian empire. As is well known, this legend is one of the tales of an exposed child spreading widely throughout the Eurasian Continent, to be compared with the famous legend of Romulus-Remus in the Roman mythology. Its fundamental structure is summarized as follows;1) Birth of a divine hero.2) Exposure in the sacred place, e. g. a mountain or a riverside, etc.3) Exposed living there, or nursing by sacred animals.4) Finding and bringing-up by a sacred man.5) Return to the profane world.Also, from the point of his situation in the tale, we can find that it is constructed from the space structure, the profane place→the sacred place→the profane place, which corresponds to the essential structure of the initiation rite, death→exercise in the sacred space→resurrection. Therefore, the tale structure may be shown as a functional relation;F(fable)=P1(profane)+S(sacred)+P2(profane), S=S1+S2In the tale of an exposed child, the most important problem would be why, in the spite of a baby, a hero has to be abandoned. Concernig to it, we should notice that a hero to be exposed is a baby being destined to become a king or a sage, and, on the other, his mother remains more or less the sacred character which is enough to make clear that she was a divine female such as a priestess, or a goddess in nature. From these facts, it is easy to recognize the reflection of the worship of the mother goddess and the young god, which bases on the structure, death of the young god→divine experience in the nether regions→resurrection. Needless to say, this is the same as the structure of the tale of an exposed child.In conclusion, we may safely say that this tale has its roots in the worship of the mother goddess and the young god.


Since the late 1960's, when it was realized that maleorchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) arestrongly attracted to synthetic scents that mimic floralfragrances of at least six plant families (Vogel, 1966;Dodson et al., 1969; Dressler, 1982), the use of chemicalbaits has become a powerful tool in ecological studies in-volving this group of Neotropical bees (e.g. Ackerman,1983; Oliveira and Campos, 1996; Rasmussen, 2009;Nemesio, 2010, 2011, 2012). This practice, however, re-vealed that other organisms are also occasionally at-tracted to these scents. These include many arthropodssuch as spiders and insects and, among these latter,Diptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera have already beenreported, as well as several bees [e.g.


The purpose of this  study  was to determine whether  there  was difference in  post-partum  depression in  mothers primiparous viewed from  pregnant  women age. Based on the  result  of the  calculation of t-test  analysis examining the  differences  in  depression after  childbirth  of the  two  age groups  (middle adolescence and early middle adulthood) was obtained results p = -1.132 (p > 0.05). This indicates that  there  was  no  difference  in  post-partum  depression  in  mothers  primiparous  viewed  from pregnant  women age (both  in  the  middle adolescence  and the  early  middle adulthood). The  result  of this  study  does  not  support  the  hypothesis  that  proposed  by  researcher .


Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are used in aerospace and automobile structures. For many CFRP structures, mechanical metallic fasteners are adopted. In internal structures such as a wing box, damage to CFRP structures around the fastener holes is difficult to see. A simple method of finding damage around fastener holes is thus required for CFRP structures. This study applies self-sensing time-domain reflectometry to detect bearing failure around fastener holes of CFRP structures. In a previous paper, the effect of fasteners was minimized when the micro-strip line (MSL) was placed apart from the fasteners. This study numerically and experimentally investigates the peeling of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) insulator. A bearing failure results in embossing at the edge of a fastener hole. The embossing produces a wedge that causes the peeling of GFRP, generating a gap between the GFRP and CFRP. The gap strongly affects the characteristic impedance of the MSL.


Writing high quality, formal laboratory reports about optical physics experiments is a key learning outcome for physics and optical technology graduates. Improved learning outcomes are achieved by a process of draft reports which receive feedback. Student engagement is discussed.


This study, using a qualitative approach, was conducted to find out the rhetorical devices used by Bill Gross when presenting his speech on start-up success, including the function of each of the devices used. The presentation was divided into three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. In conducting the research, the writer used the theory proposed by Harris (2018). The findings showed that the speaker used all of the rhetorical devices under the three categories, namely: Emphasis, Transition, and Clarity. Each device also has different functions depending on the context of the presentation: to raise the topic's importance, to provide emphasis, to provide clarity, to maintain the audience' curiosity, to show the impression of spontaneity, to elaborate details, to help the audience understand better, to anticipate question, and to anticipate ambiguity. In conclusion, the rhetorical devices, particularly hypophora and amplification as the mostly used ones, were applied by Bill Gross to better deliver his presentation.


Monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for fucosylGM1 (Fuc-GMI) were produced by the immunization of mice with Fuc-GMI adsorbed to Salmonella minnesota bacteria and fusion of the spleen cells with the myeloma cell line Sp 2/0. The antibodies detected Fuc-GM1 with a unique ceramide composi tion containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids in 11 of 12 cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Trace amounts of Fuc-GM1 were detected in 1 of 11 squamous epithelial cell lung carcinomas. Fuc-GMI was also detected in 1 of 7 pancreas carcinomas but was not detected in any of the other cancers analyzed. Small amounts of Fuc-GM1 without 2-hydroxy fatty acids were de tected in normal adult pancreas, spleen, and brain but could not be detected in normal lung tissue. Fuc-GMI with 2-hydroxy fatty acids is suggested to be a specific ganglioside associated with small cell lung carcinomas. The monoclonal antibodies directed against Fuc-GM1 may be useful for specific immunodiagnosis of small cell lung carcinomas and might also be useful for specific immunotherapy of these malignant tumors. INTRODUCTION Glycosphingolipids are normal cell membrane components with a proposed cell type specific distribution. Dramatic changes occur in the composition of glycosphingolipids during cell differ entiation and malignant transformation (1). This has prompted an intensive search for specific differentiation and transformation markers among these substances. The introduction of the hybridoma technique of Köhlerand Milstein (2) for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the possibilities for identifying such markers by immunological methods. Monoclonal antibodies defining different tumor-associated glycolipid antigens have been obtained by immunization with tumor cell lines (3-7) or with purified glycolipids (8, 9). In a previous study, Fuc-GM13 with a ceramide containing Received 6/17/85; revised 10/22/85; accepted 10/24/85. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ' This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer Research Council; Stena Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden; the Swedish Technical Re search Council (STU); the Swedish Medical Research Council (project 03X-00627), and the Medical Faculty, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden. The technical assistance of Anne Nilsson is gratefully acknowledged. 2To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. 3The abbreviations used are: Fuc-GM1, fucosylated GM1 ganglioside [ganglio side nomenclature according to Svennerholm (27)]; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline (0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4:0.14 M NaCI); HPTLC, high-performance thinlayer chromatography; SCC, small cell carcinoma; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. almost exclusively 2-hydroxy fatty acids was demonstrated to be a characteristic ganglioside in small cell carcinoma of the lung (10). To enable the development of specific immunodetection methods of this putative small cell lung carcinoma associated ganglioside antigen, monoclonal antibodies have been produced by immunization with Fuc-GM1. This paper describes the pro duction of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies with apparent specificity for Fuc-GM1, and the tissue distribution of the corresponding antigen. The results suggest that Fuc-GM1 with 2-hydroxy fatty acids is a specific ganglioside marker as sociated with small cell lung carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin and isotype-specific rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin were purchased from Dakopatt A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, and from Meloy Laboratories, Inc., Springfield, VA. Affinity purified goat anti-mouse IgM was obtained from Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD and was 125l-labeledto a specific activity of 30-60 pC\/nQ using the lodo-Gen method (11). 125l-anti-mouse Ig F(ab)2-fragment was ob tained from The Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, U. K. Silica Gel 60, 230-400 mesh, and aluminum-backed HPTLC plates Silica Gel 60 were purchased from Merck AG, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. Sephadex G-25 was obtained from Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden. The aniÃ3n exchange resin Spherosil-DEAE-dextran was a gift from the Institut Merieux, Lyon, France (12). X-AR 5 X-ray film used for autoradiographic visualization of immunostained glycolipid antigens was obtained from Eastman-Kodak, Rochester, NY. Gangliosides used for immunization and all reference gangliosides and neutral glycolipids used for determination of the reactivity of the different monoclonal antibodies were isolated at the Department of Neurochem istry, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden. Immunization. The Fuc-GM1 used for the immunization was isolated from a SCC of the lung (10) and from the brain of mini-pig type Göttingen (13). The gangliosides were adsorbed to acid-washed Salmonella min nesota bacteria prior to immunization (8, 14). BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks old, were immunized i.v. with approximately 5 ng of ganglioside adsorbed to 50 nQ of acid-treated Salmonella minnesota suspended in 100 ^ PBS. Identical booster doses were administered one to three times with 2-4week intervals between doses. Production and Selection of Hybridomas. Hybridomas were pro duced by fusion between Sp 2/0 myeloma cells and spleen cells obtained from immunized mice 3 days after the final booster dose. The hybridomas were selected and propagated according to the protocol of de St. Groth and Scheidegger (15). Culture medium was collected from each microtiter well containing growing hybrids. Hybrids producing antibodies that re acted with Fuc-GMI were identified by means of ELISA tests. Fuc-GM1, 50 pmol dissolved in 50 n\ of methanol, was added to the wells of polyvinyl microtiter plates and evaporated to dryness. The wells were incubated overnight with 100 /j\ of culture medium diluted 1/2with PBS. CANCER RESEARCH VOL. 46 MARCH 1986


Bacillus mojavensis JF-2 produces water-soluble lipopeptide under aerobic conditions, while Pseudomonas stutzeri DQ1 grows rapidly under anaerobic conditions. These bacteria were used to construct an engineered strain for anaerobic lipopeptide production by protoplast fusion for potential use in microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The resulting fusant strain FA-2 produced lipopeptide (382 mg l ) anaerobically at temperatures up to 50 C, across a pH range of 4.5–10.0, and at salt concentrations as high as 10% NaCl. Experimental results from a physical simulation core at 39 C suggest that FA-2 has potential for use in MEOR.


Clinical, pathological and virological examinations were carried out on naturally occurring cases of canine herpesvirus (CHV) infection. The first clinical sign observed was diarrhea, followed by anorexia, vomiting, serous nasal discharge and dyspnea. Some puppies had continual crying, abdominal pain and incoordination. The charactetistit lesions of CHV infection consisted of disseminated focal necrosis, hemorrhages and the appearance of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in many organs and tissues. Furthermore, characteristic herpesvirus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the typical intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions found in occasional hepatic cells. Herpesvirus was isolated from the various organs of eight affected puppies. The isolate (GCH-1), which was propagated in DK cells, was similar to other herpesviruses in physicochemical and morphological characteristics, and was immunologically related to the known CHV strains. The GCH-1 strain, following inoculation into susceptible puppies, produced the typical clinical signs and lesions that were found in the natural case. In a serological survey, neutralizing antibodies against the virus were not found in 130 sera obtained from local mongrel dogs in the Aichi and Gifu prefectures. This paper reports the first naturally-occurring outbreak of CHV infection of neonatal puppies in Japan.


The ground state dipole moments (μg), excited state dipole moments (μe), linear polarizabilities (α), first hyperpolarizabilities (β), and absorption maxima of a new series of 6,4′-disubstituted 2-naphthylphenylacetylenes have been calculated using the finite field – MNDO (Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap) technique and studied for second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Among all the molecules studied here, the strongest and the weakest electron donor/acceptor pairs [N(CH3)2/NO2] and [CH3/CN] exhibit the largest and the smallest βμ (projection of β on the axis of the μ) of 46.3 × 10−30 esu and 10.2 × 10−30 esu, respectively. The coefficients of the power law that describes the dependence of α and β on the number of conjugated bonds (n) were calculated for [NH2/NO2]n=1–5 and [NH2/CN]n=1–5 molecules. For β, exponents of 0.36 and 0.31 were obtained for [NH2/NO2]n=1–5 and [NH2/CN]n=1–5 molecules, respectively, and for α, an exponent of 0.37 was obtained for both series of molecules. A comparis...


Aiming at procedure neural network( PNN) 's aggregation in time field, a training method of PNN is shown. First, both input function of network and weight function of hide layer are converted to walsh base function series, and then network is trained by coefficient of walsh base function. Training of PNN would be simplified in a large extent by the method and complex integral is avoided. It is come true to turn training of PNN into training of general network.


Lin-Gang New City(LGNC)is a new modern and ecological city,which is in planning and constructing to cooperate with Shanghai international ship center construction and achieve integrated development between harbor,town and city.Based on the industrial development plan of LGNC,its energy flows and main material metabolism are analyzed.The construction targets and indicators of industrial ecological park(IEP)are established.Its technical instruction principals,means and management countermeasures based on industrial ecology are also proposed,which is important to realize the macro targets of LGNC.


The decision to prepare the character of Petruchio
in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew as a thesis project
for my Master's Degree in Theatre under the direction
of Professor Mary Jane Evans was made in late spring, 1981,
in conjunction with another graduate student who was to
play Kate for her thesis project. Ours were the only roles
precast.
We returned in the fall for weekly 2½ hour class
sessions involving research, discussions, improvisations
and theatre games. There was a true sense of ensemble, a
company feeling of sharing a common goal of executing a
successful production. It was a pressure-free atmosphere
that was conducive to creativity and an esprit de corps
that helped us to get to know one another, and our characters.
It was from this work that our characters began
to emerge, grow, and take shape.
The class ended when fall semester was over in early
December. We returned after Christmas vacation and began
regular rehearsals on January 6, 1982. The production ran
as scheduled for eleven performances from March 12 to
March 28. The set was Elizabethan in tradition: a permanent
set with the only addition being tables and chairs for
a few scenes. Without scene changes, the production had
the feeling of continuous action as one scene flowed into
the next. It also added to the importance of the actors as
sole communicators, with nothing else to hinder or accelerate
the pace of the show.
Our production relied on the actors, the words of
the playwright, and the imagination of our audience.

Includes bibliographical references (page 35)


An analytical dependence between the critical temperature of the model system and the minimum of the interaction potential is obtained. It is shown that the law of corresponding states is fulfilled in the system with a threeparameter pair interaction potential, and the obtained thermodynamic properties of the system do not depend directly on the parameters of the potential, being the functions of a dimensionless combination of these parameters. Several thermodynamic properties of cesium vapor are calculated on the line of saturation and in a singlephase region. The results of the calc ulation are compared with the experimental data.


Authors' Contributions 1, 3 Conception & study design 1, 2 Data collection & processing 2, 3 Data analysis and / or interpretation 1, 2, 3 Drafting of manuscript 1, 3 Critical review Article info. Received: April 28, 2020 Accepted: September 19, 2020 Funding Source: Nil Conflict of Interest: Nil Cite this article: Ubaka MC, Noka M, Usifoh SF. Intern Pharmacists Job Satisfaction, Perception of the Profession and Preparedness to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Southeastern Nigeria. RADS J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2020; 8(2):106-115. *Address of Correspondence Author: email@example.com Purpose of study: To determine job satisfaction, perception towards pharmacists, and preparedness to provide pharmaceutical care (PC) among intern pharmacists. Methodology: A prospective survey of all intern pharmacists in South Eastern Nigeria was done. A questionnaire with five sections measuring work characteristics, job satisfaction, perception towards pharmacists, and preparedness to provide PC was administered. Descriptive analysis and chisquare tests for differences in proportions were calculated. Results: It took interns an average of 10 months to get an internship position after graduation. The interns were barely satisfied with their workplaces and conditions (2.83 of 4.0). They held moderately positive perceptions about pharmacist's clinical roles in the hospital (3.79 of 5.0) and felt marginally prepared to provide PC on graduation (3.38 of 5.0). The interns' age, gender, future career aspirations influenced their perception of pharmacists' clinical roles and preparedness to provide PC (p<0.05 for all). Conclusion: It takes a very long time to get a place for an internship in Nigeria. Interns were marginally satisfied with their jobs, held favorable perceptions about the profession, and didn't feel adequately prepared to provide PC in all items assessed.


Context: The first stars produced the first heavy elements and set the stage for the formation of the first galaxies. Accurate chemical abundances of ultra metal-poor stars ([Fe/H]<-4) can be used to infer properties of the first stars, and thus the formation mechanism for low-mass second generation stars in the early universe. Spectroscopic studies have shown that most second generation stars are carbon-enhanced with one notable exception SDSS J102915.14+172927.9. Aims: We reanalyse the composition of SDSS J102915.14+172927.9. Methods: We developed a tailored 3D model atmosphere for SDSS J102915.14+172927.9 with the Stagger-code, making use of an improved surface gravity estimate based on the Gaia DR3 parallax. This model was used as input in the radiative transfer code Balder to compute 3D non-LTE synthetic spectra. These spectra were then used to infer abundances for Mg, Si, Ca, Fe and Ni, and upper limits on Li, Na and Al. 3D LTE synthetic spectra were computed with Scate to infer the abundance of Ti and upper limits on C and N. Results: In contrast to earlier works based on 1D non-LTE corrections to 3D LTE results, we are able to achieve ionisation balance for Ca I and Ca II when employing our consistent 3D non-LTE treatment. Moreover, the elemental abundances are systematically higher than those found in earlier works. In particular, [Fe/H] increases by 0.57 dex, and the upper limits of C and N increase by 0.90 dex and 1.82 dex, respectively. Conclusions: We find that Population III progenitors with masses 10-20 M_sun exploding with energy E<=3*10^{51} erg can reproduce our 3D non-LTE abundance pattern. Contrary to previous work, we obtain higher upper limits on the carbon abundance that are ``marginally consistent'' with star formation through atomic line cooling, and as such, prevent strong conclusions about the formation mechanism of this low mass star.


The lactose metabolism was investigated in five strains of Lactobacillus curvatus and 14 strains of L. sake isolated from meat or meat-derived products. Strains with the ability to ferment lactose were found in both species. They exhibited either phospho-β-galactosidase (P-β-gal) or β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, or both. P-β-gal activity of L. curvatus and L. sake was induced and detected only in the presence of lactose or galactose. Furthermore, catabolite repression by glucose was demonstrated. The immunological properties of the P-β-gal enzymes of these organisms resemble those of Lactococcus lactis. Several strains of L. sake but none of L. curvatus exhibited β-gal activity which was constitutive. In hybridisation experiments, the β-gal genes of L. sake and L. casei ATCC393 showed over 60% DNA-homology. The presence of β-gal genes in L. sake was demonstrated in both β-gal-producing and non-producing strains. This observations is consistent with a genetic potential of lactic acid bacteria exceeding their physiological capabilities.


This work presents an indirect adaptive fuzzy sliding mode power system stabilizer that is used to damp out the low frequency oscillations in power systems. The proposed controller design is based on an adaptive fuzzy control combining a proportional integral control and sliding mode control. The fuzzy logic system is used to approximate the unknown system function and using the particle swarm optimization technique to optimize parameters proportional integral control to eliminate the chattering action in the sliding mode control. Using Lyapunov synthesis, adaptation laws are developed to make the controller adaptive to changes in operating conditions of the power system. The nonlinear simulation studies show the successful performance of the proposed stabilizer.


Dr. X. Guo, Prof. M. Wilhelm Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: email@example.com S. Theissen, Prof. G. Guthausen Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Strasse am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: email@example.com Dr. J. Claussen, Dr. V. Hildebrand, Dr. J. Kamphus Procter & Gamble Service GmbH Sulzbacher Strasse 40, 65824 Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany Prof. B. Luy Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Prof. G. Guthausen Engler-Bunte-Institut Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany