Abstract The Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter is a relatively inexpensive device with which the surgeon may audibly study the hemodynamics of the vasculature transcutaneously and atraumatically. It is of great value in the study of vascular anomalies and in the evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. It is of even greater value when used intraoperatively to ascertain vascular patency during arterial reconstruction and to determine the obliteration or repair of arteriovenous malformations whether they are congenital or traumatic in origin. The use of the Doppler flowmeter to follow up patients in the clinic is readily accepted by the patient, as the process is atraumatic and results in a saving of time and money to both the patient and the hospital.


In recent years, remarkable advances in single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) have enabled the determination of an increasing number of biomolecular assemblies with unprecedented detail and resolution.1 The emergence of direct detection device (DDD) detectors has driven a revolution in the field, performing digital image alignment to eliminate specimen drift in cryoEM images. This has led to a remarkable increase in resolution that enables the ability to solve increasingly realistic structures with nearÅngström resolution. Thanks to this technical revolution, it is now possible to observe large macromolecular complexes in their "native" aqueous solution. For example, the structures of protein/nucleic acid assemblies, viruses, and organelles have been obtained that reflect their in vivo situation. In addition, relatively smaller membrane protein structures can be determined using cryoEM experiments. The explosion of deposited cryoEM maps at high resolution is now challenging researchers in computational chemistry and biology, calling for dynamic and mechanistic interpretations of experimental data. Emerging theoretical approaches aim at processing, complementing, and interpreting cryoEM data, overcoming issues in map refinement, data processing, and the atomistic simulation of large biomolecules. It is to this end that JCIM invites authors to contribute their cryoEM work in an upcoming Special Issue, which will be published in Spring 2020.


This study explores the relationship between crime and violence and the University Medical Center o f Southern Nevada. An investigation was conducted to determine how crime and violence affects the medical center from an economic, security, staff and organizational response perspective. Nursing staff and security officer interviews, supplemented with security department incident reports, suggest a perception problem exists. Nurses interviewed believe a major cost o f crime and violence at the medical center is the perceived threat to their personal safety by gang members and patients under the influence o f drugs or alcohol. Security officer interviews and data from incident reports suggest the major cost of crime and violence at the hospital center has to do with minor property offenses and not threats or assaults against staff. Additionally, nursing attitudes and compassion levels seem to be negatively affected from treating large numbers o f patients whom they feel are deserving o f their injuries.


Despite increasing interest in HRM implementation as an explanation for the association between HRM and firm performance, there remains a lot of confusion about what implementation means and how to...


This paper proposes a novel 3D nanowire (NW) based SiGe HBT for the first time. The overall purpose is to estimate the RF performance of an NW device based on the state-of-the-art B55 technology from STMicroelectronics. The challenges associated with the device fabrication and corresponding solutions are briefed. The proposed NW-HBT array predicts an $f_{MAX}(> 900\text{ GHz})$ that is more than twice of that obtainable from the corresponding bulk SiGe HBT.


Pastoral ministry in the Orthodox Church on matters of marriage, sexuality, and family must focus on helping parishioners embrace the full meaning of a "one flesh" union with Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. The "one flesh" relationship of marriage must be oriented through the blessing of the Church toward the eschatological fulfillment of the Kingdom of God. The connections of Eucharist and matrimony are so profound that pastoral ministry must guide parishioners to enter into only those marriages that may be blessed in the Church as signs of the communion of a man and a woman with Christ.
Keywords: Eastern Orthodox Ethics, Eastern Orthodox Moral Theology, Eucharistic Ethics, Marriage, Sexuality


Orthostatic changes of systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, and pulse rates were evaluated as clinical indicators of sympathetic nerve tone in 28 patients with uncomplicated primary hyperteris ion. After sixty minutes in the upright position, systolic blood pressure i ncreased in 13 and decreased in 15 of the patients, while pulse pressure diminished in 19, was unchanged in 4 and increased in 5 of the p atients. The changes of both systolic blood pressure and pulse p ressure showed a significant p ositive correlation with basal (supine) levels of nor epinephrine (r = 0.40, p < 0.05 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively). In the total sample of patients, 25% had basal plasma norepinephrine concentrations above the normal range. Of the patients with increased systolic blood pressure after standing, 38% had elevated basal norepinephrine. Similarly in patients with i ncreased orthostatic pulse pressure or in those with pulse pressure reductions less than 10 nun Hg, 45% had elevated basal norepinephrine. On the other hand, of patients with reductions of pulse pressure of more than


A study was carried out into the food and feeding habits of Bagrus bajad in the Golinga reservoir in the Northern Region of Ghana to determine its various food resources and the major food items eaten and to compare food items in the stomachs of juveniles and adults as well as its feeding habits. Samples were taken in 11hr intervals (0600 and 1700 GMT - morning and evening respectively). The study revealed a wide range of both phytoplankton and zooplankton and other accessory prey items eaten by Bagrus bajad giving an indication that the fish is an omnivore. The juveniles exploited mostly Bacillariophyceae/Diatomophyceae (synedra, 3.68 Index of preponderance, Ip), Miscellaneous invertebrates (nematode worm, 1.26 Ip), Accessory preys (insect parts 0.43 Ip), Protozoans (lacrymaria 0.26 Ip), Miscellaneous insects (leptocella 0.18 Ip) and Chlorophyceae (botryoccoccus, 0.12 Ip) while the adults mainly fed on Bacillariophyceae/ Diatomoophyceae (synedra, 1.95 Ip), Chlorophyceae (botryoccoccus, 0.76 Ip), Miscellaneous invertebrates (nematode worm, 0.51 Ip), Accessory preys (insect parts, 0.28 Ip), Cynophyceae (rivularia, 0.12 Ip) and Desmidiaceae (netrium 0.08 Ip). Food items of juveniles and adults overlapped and percentage index of preponderance indicated diatoms to be the most preferred prey items suggesting that both juveniles and adults exploited similar food items. The ability of Bagrus bajad to feed on a wide range of food resources makes it promising for aquaculture especially in semi-intensive fish farming systems in the Tropics.


Crowd sourcing is a paradigm where activities are outsourced to human actors (i.e. The crowd) with the aim of discovering and evaluating solutions. This paradigm can also be extended to develop a collective intelligence of large-scale crowd communities that when combined with traditional computing resources can derive solutions that neither humans nor machines can solve alone. Such hybrid systems, or elastic systems, could involve large numbers of people with varying expertise, skills, interests, and incentives and varied computing resources. Elastic frameworks have been proposed to improve the performance of these systems to make them more efficient, robust, and scalable. To meet these requirements, we investigate a novel approach that provides decision support and risk assessment in an elastic framework. In our approach, we infer a probabilistic framework of a hybrid system and use probabilistic odds as a quantitative measure of the capability of human and computing resources to execute a task. As new evidence becomes available, we propagate updated odds throughout our framework to update our prior belief and risks for computing elements. In this approach, the elastic framework can exploit this information in such a way that self-learning is coupled with the ability to extract actionable insights that optimize judgment under uncertainty.


Automation makes possible more rapid, accurate, and vastly increased dissemination of information. While banks, airlines, and railroads have quickly taken advantage of these possibilities, mental hospitals have not had the funds to do so. This paper reports on a pilot study of automating patient records.


We present an unusual case of encephalopathy with profound MR white matter and cortical abnormalities secondary to, and responsive to treatment for, hepatic encephalopathy alone. A 52-year-old man with known alcohol related liver disease (now abstinent), previous intravenous drug abuse and treated Hepatitis C presented over 18 months with discrete episodes of fluctuating confusion, and altered consciousness progressing to coma. Neuroimaging demonstrated symmetrical confluent white matter T2/ FLAIR hyperintensities in the posterior frontal and parietal lobes with symmetrical dWI cortical ribboning in the precentral gyrus. Due to his clinical state and the unusual neuroimaging findings he was transferred for further neurological investigation and management. On admission a serum ammonia was 111 µmol/L (normal range 16 – 60 µmol/L). Further to this a detailed systemic blood, imaging and CSF analysis did not yield an alternative diagnosis. Electroencephalography revealed generalised slowing. Serial imaging showed persistent, fluctuating, confluent, and symmetrical white matter T2/ FLAIR hyperintensities. Fluctuations in his clinical state correlated with serum ammonia levels, bowel motions, neuroimaging and the EEG findings. He was treated for hepatic encephalopathy alone, on one occasion in intensive care, with lactulose, phosphate enemas and diuretics. He was discharged home independently after a period of sustained clinical improvement.


Rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted olefins such as 2-(4-chlorophenylmethylene) malononitrile, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylmethylene) malononitrile and 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide etc under the influence of microwave irradiation are described. Urea has been utilized as an efficient catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with acidic active methylene compounds such as malononitrile, ethylcyanoacetate and cyanoacetamide to afford substituted olefins under the influence of microwave irradiation. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild and solvent free conditions and the products are obtained in good yield. The method is applicable for a wide range of aldehydes including aromatic and heterocyclic substrates. Keywards: Microwave; Active methylene; Green procedure; Urea catalyst; Substituted cyanoacetamide; Knoevenagel condesation Received: 29 September 2019 Revised: 27 October 2019 Accepted: 11 Nobember 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i2.47637 Available online at www.banglajol.info Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 55(2), 159-164, 2020


Embodiments disclosed herein relate to polymer resins having a first thermoset and one or more additional components (e.g., a second thermoset and/or a thermoplastic), composite laminates including the same, methods of making and using the same, and composite laminate structures including the same.


I agree with Peter Smith from United Health Europe that nurses in primary care need to get more involved in practice-based commissioning (news July 12). At a time when the importance of primary care is being emphasised and nurses' roles are still expanding, buying services on behalf of patients is a logical step forward.


Circular polarization diversity with reflector is suggested under indoor environments and its performance is investigated using a three-dimensional ray-tracing simulation in conjunction with a geometric-optics based facet approximation. The simulation result shows that the use of a reflector improves the outage probability of the indoor channel by 1.5/spl sim/3 dB as compared with a circular polarization diversity without reflector.


[Objective] The effect of Lubian wine on the immune function and the capacity of anti-hypoxiao was studied.[Method] The Lubian Wine consisted of deer horn and others as main raw material,supplemented with the edible Chinese herbal medicine such as Ganoderma lucidum,medlar,schisandrin and so on,and was refined with modern biotechnology.The functional assessment of the wine was tested with mice.[Results] The function test indicated that the immune index of thymus organ and the function of monocyte macrophage phagocytosis mice were significantly strengthened.The number of leukocytes in mice was increased,which enhanced the immune function.The wine can improve the capacity of mouse in anti-anoxia,increase the content of hemoglobin.The inspection indicated that the active ingredient with function in the wine mainly was the peptide and polysaccharide.[Conclusion] The wine was a kind of healthy and nutritional wine with exact function.


Post-conflict situations are not exempt from international law. This does not mean that the concept of jus post bellum can descriptively capture the existing regulation based on both general and specific rules. A normative case can however be made for the emergence of a generic obligation to reconstruct incumbent, at least in part, on the victors. This obligation would signal a shift from the Grotian paradigm in the international legal regulation of the post-war phase to a Kantian one.


Objective To investigate the epileptogenesis by observing effects of pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)on intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and the activation of nuclear factor κappa B(NF-κB)in neuron-like PC12 cells.Methods The subcultured neuron-like PC12 cells were divided randomly into PTZ group treated with PTZ and control group treated without PTZ.The changes of the concentration of intracellular Ca 2+and the expression ratio of NF-κB in nucleus and in cytoplasm(FN/FC)were measured by immunofluorescence assay.Results The relative value of FN/FC of NF-κB in PTZ group(0.8821±0.0077)was higher than that in control group(0.2161±0.0267)in neuron-like PC12 cells(P0.05).The concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ in PTZ group(213.45±6.44)was higher than that in control group(80.73±1.01, P0.05).Conclusions PTZ can increases the concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ and activate NF-κB in neuron-like PC12 cells.The activation of NF-κB may play an important role in epileptogeneses.


Perhaps minor among reasons to celebrate the fact that the world did not end as predicted on 12.12.12 is that Art Journal is a little behind in its publication schedule. The apocalyptic reprieve buys us time to get out the Fall and Winter issues. But if the general implosion failed to show up at the end of the year, there was a kind of mini-meltdown in the art world.


For decades, globalization and increased trade have contributed to increased welfare and better living standards worldwide. The fact that protectionism is on the rise although most trade theories and economists praise free trade forms one of the motivations for this study. This paper aims to find out what incites countries to increased protectionism. The study is based on panel data and examines 63 countries between 2009 and 2017, to test whether the variables are significant in measuring their impact on protectionism. With a negative binomial regression model, the result indicates that countries that are affected by other countries implementing protectionist measures, are more likely to implement protectionist measures themselves.


Taking for granted the relationship of nutrition to child health services auxiliary training and health planning focus in this chapter is on the "how" of planning and ways of correcting some of its limitations at the point where the child comes in contact with the services. In contrast to macro health planning which is considered complete when for example health centers have been built and staff hired micro health planning attempts to define the pattern of care as it is delivered at the service-community pattern of health care down to the last disease symptom and sign item of equipment drug record visual aid and educational objective. Design of the 1st is essential to tackle a limited service area at a time defining its boundaries as carefull as possible. The concept of a service area is critical to the success of a micro plan. The next step is to design as completely as possible within it the practicable pattern of care i.e. deciding what interventions should be undertaken. Such a designed pattern of care needs to be written down in manuals. After it is manualized the designed pattern of care must be brought into being. The micro planners approach to this should be to support the pattern in every way he or she can. Although micro plans can be used on a small scale they are intended to be health service tools for governments. Health care micro plans are designed to remove contraints of a particular kind and they are relevant only where these contraints exist in significant degree.


____________________________________________________________________ Biometric identification is a pattern recognition based classification system that recognizes an individual by determining its authenticity using a specific physiological or behavioural characteristic (biometric). In contrast to number of commercially available biometric systems for human recognition in the market today, there is no such a biometric system for plant recognition, even though they have many characteristics that are uniquely identifiable at a species level. The goal of the study was to develop a plant species biometric using both global and local features of leaf images. In recent years, various approaches have been proposed for characterizing leaf images. Most of them were based on a global representation of leaf peripheral with Fourier descriptors, polygonal approximations and centroid-contour distance curve. Global representation of leaf shapes does not provide enough information to characterise species uniquely since different species of plants have similar leaf shapes. Others were based on leaf vein extraction using intensity histograms and trained artificial neural network classifiers. Leaf venation extraction is not always possible since it is not always visible in photographic images. This study proposed a novel approach of leaf identification based on feature hierarchies. First, leaves were sorted by their overall shape using shape signatures. Then this sorted list was pruned based on global and local shape descriptors. The consequent biometric was tested using a corpus of 200 leaves from 40 common New Zealand broadleaf plant species which encompass all categories of local information of leaf peripherals. Two novel shape signatures (full-width to length ratio distribution and half-width to length ratio distribution) were proposed and biometric vectors were constructed using


Social discrimination stands for one of the phenomena that social policies attempt to counteract by legislation, with a view to impeding its effects. Nevertheless, at institutional level, the decisions perpetuate and encourage discrimination, being practically a norm in an abnormal situation. Abnormality is represented by a series of deficiencies falling within the scope of perverse effects. Having analyzed institutional policies in the field of child health, we have identified a series of issues that fall under social discrimination. The paper submits the reasons for institutional discrimination in paediatric hospitals. The purpose of the research is to identify the discriminated persons and to report the repercussions of institutional discrimination at social level.


An energy-minimizing contour, or snake, is composed of a set of connected splines and has equations of motion such that it will try to reach a configuration at which it is at a minimum energy. A potential field representation of the workspace is used as an environment into which the snake, representing a manipulator, is placed. The snake is then guided by these image forces and can thus be used to plan paths for highly redundant manipulators in two or three dimensions. The method is fast, and directly suitable for parallel processing, and has the potential to provide real-time path planning for such robots. Results are given which show the paths found both in two and three dimensions for redundant manipulators.<<ETX>>


The article offers a survey of the development of medical sociology from the medicine- and illness-centric attitude to the sociology- and health-centric attitude. Focusing on the relevance for Hungary the author discusses aspects of the sociology of health which he views as a part of medical sociology. "The social components of the diseases of multicausal origin form the point of departure for the studies in the field of the sociology of health. [The] author attaches a special importance to the study of the community- and stratification background of the risk factors of behaviour." The need for further research in the field investigating socioeconomic factors influencing mortality is emphasized (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS) (EXCERPT)


The features of environmental and economic analysis of the enterprise are considered in the article taking into account dynamically changing external challenges. The purpose of the study is to improve the system of environmental and economic analysis at the enterprise. The study of the main approaches to the implementation of environmental and economic analysis based on the corresponding systems of indicators with the identification of the factors that have the greatest impact is carried out. The main result of the study is the development of the system of environmental and economic indicators, maximally oriented to the specific enterprise. The practical significance of the study conducted is that it is possible to use the developed system of indicators at the enterprises to improve the efficiency of environmental and economic analysis in order to minimize the negative impact on the environment.


This paper addresses the problem of formation path tracking control of multiple unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), and proposes a formation control method based on the combination of virtual structure and leader. In the control aspect, it is divided into a single UUV path following control and coordinated control based on a combination of a virtual structure and a leader. First, a path reference point moving along the desired path is defined for each UUV, and then the Serret-Frenet coordinate system is established with the path reference point as the origin to describe the UUV tracking error. For single UUV control, UUV kinematics path tracking controller and dynamic path tracking controller are designed using backstepping and line-of-sight guidance. Finally, in the formation coordination control, the formation coordination control algorithm combining the virtual structure and the leader is adopted so that the formation UUVs move along the desired path at a given desired speed. Under Matlab, simulation results show the effectiveness of this formation control algorithm.


To evaluate the effect of a dried leaves of Moringa oleifera(MOL) supplement, on the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD), and iron and zinc status in preschool children at risk of malnutrition in rural disadvantaged areas of Hermosillo, Mexico.


A severe water scarcity challenge is facing Iraq, which is predominantly due to the absence of water management policies, negatively impacting the water quantity and quality provision from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Moreover, these practices have led to the intrusion of the Arabian Gulf salinity wedge into the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR), which is the main water source for most water treatment plants (WTPs) in Basra city. In addition, the inadequate management and operation for most WTPs is another reason for the deterioration of water quality provided to Basra province. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the main WTP within Basra province and to subsequently make recommendations for decision-makers to come up with new management strategies and policies. The effluents from eight WTPs were selected to study the quality of water supply for Basra city during the period between January 2018 and December 2018. The results showed that all WTPs were inadequate to treat raw water for drinking or irrigation purposes mainly due to the very bad raw water quality provided by the SAR as well as the lack of maintenance for such plants, resulting in very low removal efficiencies for various water contaminants.


This paper is focused on the problem of Information Reconciliation (IR) for continuous variable Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The main problem is quantization and assignment of labels to the samples of the Gaussian variables observed at Alice and Bob. Trouble is that most of the samples, assuming that the Gaussian variable is zero mean which is de-facto the case, tend to have small magnitudes and are easily disturbed by noise. Transmission over longer and longer distances increase the losses corresponding to a lower effective Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) exasperating the problem. In previous work [1], [2] we approach the IR problem in a fundamentally different way than how it is addressed in published literature. At very low SNR, one can focus exclusively on the sign of the Gaussian samples at Alice and Bob and perform Reverse Reconciliation (RR) on sign of the samples given their quantized magnitudes as side information Alice and Bob share in the open. In this paper we demonstrate that the weighted sum capacity of the Binary Symmetric Channels (BSCs) derived from magnitude dependent sign error probabilities of the Gaussian samples shared between Alice and Bob approaches the mutual information between Alice and Bob at very low SNR regimes. Thus, when SNR is very low, one could just as well ignore any common randomness that may be obtained from magnitude of the Gaussian samples and focus exclusively on their sign. The caveat is, to get close to this mutual information, Unequal Error Protection (UEP) must be employed based on magnitude of the observed samples at Bob in RR.


: Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) is one type of fruit that is commonly known and consumed by the people of Indonesia. The use of pineapples in general in the community is only limited to the flesh of the fruit. Pineapple fruit with high quality for consumption. Pineapple fruit that is ripe and unripe can be seen from the color, texture and shape. The manual method that is usually used to identify the level of ripeness of pineapple is by examining the appearance and aroma of the fruit and checking by touch. This method is considered less effective if it is used to sort the ripeness level of Pineapple in very large quantities. There are several features that can be used in image pattern recognition systems such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this study, researchers will classify the level of maturity of pineapple based on texture where the preprocessing and feature extraction stages are based on GLCM texture contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity. then from the extraction of the image features can be identified by using the classification algorithm Support Vector Machine. This study uses 966 datasets with 2 levels of maturity, namely young and mature. Where 772 training data and 194 test data. Based on the results obtained, the highest accuracy on the C25 reached 86%.


Simple Summary Proper reproductive efficiency is decisive to achieving adequate profitability in dairy farms. However, uterine pathologies such as subclinical endometritis (SE) play a primary role in the decline of reproductive performance. This disease impairs reproductive function, and its incidence may reach up to 34% during the first seven weeks after calving. Consequently, identifying the predisposing factors and diagnosing this pathology as early as possible is mandatory to minimize the impact on the profitability of the farms. Several metabolic alterations postpartum have been related to the occurrence of SE, so our objective was to identify which alterations act as risk factors for SE. Uterine and blood samples and data from 94 Holstein cows were collected 30–45 days after calving. Our results showed that serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA), albumin, and urea are related to the incidence of SE, being BHBA a predisposing factor and albumin and urea protective factors. Therefore, these metabolites should be carefully considered during the postpartum period as indicators of SE. Additionally, preventive measures aimed to control these alterations may be useful to prevent SE. Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the importance of postpartum serum levels of certain metabolic markers as risk factors for subclinical endometritis (SE). Ninety-four Holstein cows were included in the study, and examinations were carried out between 30–45 days postpartum. Rectal palpation, vaginoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, and blood sample collections were performed. The percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%PMN) on the endometrium was evaluated, as well as serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, hepatic enzymes, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA). Samples with ≥8% PMN were classified as positive to subclinical endometritis. According to the serum levels of BHBA, cows were classified as clinical ketosis (>2.6 mmol/L), subclinical ketosis (1.2–2.6 mmol/L), and healthy (<1.2 mmol/L). Additionally, body condition score, parity, date of last labor, peripartum issues, insemination date, date of pregnancy diagnosis and milk production information were collected. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The results showed that as serum levels of BHBA rose, also did the %PMN, so that up to 60% of cows with clinical ketosis suffered from SE. On the other hand, the %PMN fell as serum levels of urea and albumin increased. Consequently, good postpartum management practices and early detection of metabolic alterations are necessary measures to control predisposing factors and reduce the incidence of SE.


Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Impulse Radar imaging finds widespread applications in extending human vision beyond media that cannot be penetrated by visible light. However, high resolution imaging demands acquisition of large amounts of data, which has motivated researchers towards the application of Compressed Sensing techniques in radar imaging, if the target space is sparse. It might be noted that apart from sparsity, most UWB radar signatures also exhibit another property of being clustered into groups that conventional sparse reconstruction techniques like Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) or Lasso rarely take into account. Though attempts have been made to reconstruct block sparse signals using BlockOMP or Group Lasso, these algorithms inherently assume specific locations and sizes of the possible clusters, and hence are not satisfactory if the clusters are randomly located and variably sized. In this manuscript, the traditional block based approach has been extended for Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV) model. To address its shortcomings, a novel framework that is referred to as a locally adapting matching pursuit (LAMP) has been proposed for the efficient reconstruction of radar signatures from compressed measurements considering both sparsity and clustering priors, but without assuming any specific group structure like BOMP or Group Lasso. The performance of the proposed LAMP has been compared with existing algorithms in different scenarios. The framework has also been successfully applied on a real-world radar imaging data, with different types of sensing matrices.


List of illustrations Notes on contributors Chronology List of short titles and abbreviations Introduction Greg Clingham 1. Extraordinarily ordinary: the life of Samuel Johnson Philip Davis 2. Johnson and the arts of conversation Catherine N. Parke 3. Johnson's poetry Howard D. Weinbrot 4. Johnson, the essay and The Rambler Paul J. Korshin 5. Johnson and the condition of women Eithne Henson 6. Johnson's dictionary Robert De Maria Jr 7. Johnson's politics Robert Folkenflik 8. Johnson and imperialism Clement Hawes 9. The skepticism of Johnson's Rasselas Fred Parker 10. Shakespeare: Johnson's poet of nature Philip Smallwood 11. Life and literature in Johnson's Lives of the Poets Greg Clingham 12. Johnson's Christian thought Michael Suarez, S. J. 13. 'From China to Peru': Johnson in the traveled world John Wiltshire 14. 'Letters about Nothing': Johnson and epistolary writing Tom Keymer 15. Johnson's critical reception Steven Lynn Further reading Index.


ObjectivesDry-aging is a traditional process to store whole carcasses or unpackaged primals/sub-primals under a controlled environment. Due to its known positive impacts on palatability attributes, dry-aging has been typically practiced in local meat processors or small meat purveyors for upscale butcher shops and/or gourmet restaurants. While there is an increasing demand from local consumers to purchase dry-aged beef from a retail market, there is little information on how dry-aging affects color and oxidation stabilities of beef muscles. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry-aging on color and oxidation stabilities of beef loins. To measure the objectives, the conventional dry-aging (DA) of sub-primal loins was compared with two other aging methods– vacuum packaged wet-aging (WA) and dry-aging in a high water permeable bag (DAW).Materials and MethodsPaired beef loins (M. longissimus lumborum) from 9 beef carcasses were obtained at 7 d postmortem, cut into two sections, and assigned to three different aging methods (DA, WA, or DAW) for 28 d at 2°C and 78% relative humidity. After aging, initial trimming of dried surface was made. Then, one steak (2.54 cm thick) was cut from each aged section, overwrapped with PVC film, and displayed for 7 d under a simulated display condition. Instrumental and visual color evaluations were performed during 7 d of display. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and heme/non-heme iron contents were measured for 0 and 7 d of samples. The experimental design was a balanced incomplete block design with three aging methods allocated to the loin sections from 9 beef carcasses in a saturated arrangement (n = 12; 9 carcasses × 2 loins × 2 sections = 36 sections for 3 treatments). All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC), and least squares means for all traits were separated (F test, P 0.05), although a slightly higher visual discoloration was observed in DA steaks compared to WA at d 7 (P 0.05).ConclusionThe results from this current study found that dry-aging in a high water permeable bag resulted in the most rapid discoloration and accelerated lipid oxidation during retail display. Steaks from the conventionally dry-aged beef loins seem to have similar color and lipid oxidation stabilities compared to the wet-aged beef counterpart at least up to 5 d of retail display. This observation indicates that steaks from dry-aged beef loins can be likely merchandised in the retail consumer level, once the proper initial trimmings are made. Further studies determining pro-oxidant factors of DAW causing more lipid oxidation and discoloration compared to DA and WA should be warranted.


Our work relating to aldehyde reduction showed that acetaldehyde was reduced to methanol over highly dispersed Cu catalysts without the dimerization of the intermediate to ethyl acetate which was observed for the same reaction over poorly dispersed cooper catalysts. This same reaction was studied over a family of cooper catalysts supported on silica for which the cooper ensemble size of the precursor was changed from 1 to 6.


A new family of finite-dimensional modular Lie superalgebras Γ is defined. The simplicity and generators of Γ are studied and an explicit description of the derivation superalgebra of Γ is given. Moreover, it is proved that Γ is not isomorphic to any known Lie superalgebra of Cartan type.


course talayya] "): " Gott mige die [there is no article in the text] vier Wasserleitungen erhalten," etc., foregetting that a sentence introduced by waqad cannot express a wish but refers to the past. Finally,59 the word dmk,60 which appears on line 29 together with the horses, she-asses, mules, and camels upon the welfare of which the faithful foreman reports to his master, should obviously read ramakl, "mares." The slightest common sense should have told Jahn that waterwheels were not likely to be mentioned in that connection.


The purpose of this paper is to describe different maintenance management systems being used by Czech companies with a view to the agro-industrial complex in recent years. The paper focuses on maintenance management systems supported by information system (IS) and their implementation in companies. The use of IS helps to create a variety of scenarios with an emphasis on the need for analytical instruments processing data integration in order to improve the efficiency of the maintenance system and identify its weaknesses. While the maintenance management information system (MMIS) is widespread within the agro-industrial scope in the manufacturing industry, in primary agricultural production and agricultural machinery servicing, it has yet to be utilized. The paper also describes some possible applications of MMIS in the sphere of the agro-industrial complex, the differences between their applications and the potential use of MMIS in the case of fully or partially outsourced agricultural equipment maintenance.


The viscosity of molten starches was measured during extrusion-cooking using an adapted on-line rheometer. Relationship with extruded foams densities led to a mechanism of expansion based on bubble growth and collapse. Starch macromolecules structure influences texture, through expansion and mechanical properties as evidenced by adjustment to cellular solid model.


Summary Free swimming Paracentrotus lividus spermatozoa show a significant rate of protein synthesis which remains nearly linear over a period of 90 min. This protein synthetic activity is scarcely affected by emetine but completely suppressed by chloramphenicol, suggesting its possible mitochondrial origin.


To approximate discrete signals given on an infinite two-sided time interval, it is proposed to use a new approach based on the use of a two-component recursive model with a special right-hand side. The advantages of this approximation in comparison with other known ones are substantiated. A method is developed for optimal estimation of the parameters of the proposed recursive model from a finite set of signal samples in the time domain. On its basis, analytical expressions for the algorithm of the best approximation and subsequent recurrent formation of a discrete signal are obtained. Strict analytical expressions are obtained for the complex and amplitude spectra of the approximating signal. Experimental results are presented confirming the good quality of the proposed two-component recursive approximation of the signal both in the time and spectral domains.


This article reviews and integrates recent research in experimental social psychology and organizational behavior demonstrating the pervasive influence that affective states or moods have on judgments, decision making, and behavior in organizations. An information processing theory, the Affect Infusion Model (AIM) is described that can account for many of the empirical findings and also provides a promising theoretical base for future research in this area. The article reviews a range of experimental and applied studies consistent with the predictions of this model, demonstrating the role of information processing strategies in moderating affective influences on organizational behavior. Specifically, we discuss the influence of affect on such work-related behaviors as worker motivation, creativity and performance, interpersonal judgments and communication, performance appraisal judgments and selection interviews, organizational spontaneity, employee flexibility and helpfulness, absenteeism, and bargaining and negotiation behaviors. The implications of the information processing approach for understanding the influence of affect on organizational behaviors are discussed, and we argue for the greater integration of affect into contemporary theorizing and research in organizational settings.


We present a sensor network based eavesdropping system, SensorEar, which demonstrates a serious threat to an individual's privacy. The small size, long battery lifetimes and easy deployment enable the use of sensor networks in malicious ways. Our system comprises motes which record speech, compress the data and transmit it over a multi-hop network in real time. After noise reduction, we are able to hear, with sufficient clarity, the person's conversation. In contrast with the 10 100 Hertz sampling of typical applications, audio recording requires a sampling frequency of several kiloher tz. We address research challenges associated with this high da ta volume system, and design solutions including a multi-rate compression algorithm, communication protocol modificati ons and a unique FDMA/TDMA based system architecture. We have built a complete prototype using commercial off-the-s helf components. Further, we have chosen the most basic hardware to make our solutions truly platform independent.


Quantum and thermal fluctuations of electromagnetic waves are the cornerstone of quantum and statistical physics, and inherent to such phenomena as thermal radiation and van der Waals forces. While the basic principles are the material of elementary texts, recent experimental and technological advances have made it necessary to come to terms with counterintuitive consequences of electromagnetic fluctuations at short scales -- in the so called {\it near-field} regime. We focus on three manifestations of such behavior: {\bf (i)} The Stefan--Boltzmann law describes thermal radiation from macroscopic bodies, but fails to account for magnitude, polarization and coherence of radiation from small objects (say compared to the skin depth). {\bf (ii)} The heat transfer between two bodies at similar close proximity is dominated by evanescent waves, and can be several orders of magnitude larger than the classical contribution due to propagating waves. {\bf (iii)} Casimir/van der Waals interactions are a dominant force between objects at sub-micron separation; the non-equilibrium analogs of this force (for objects at different temperatures) have not been sufficiently explored (at least experimentally). To explore these phenomena we introduce the tool of fluctuational quantum electrodynamics (QED) originally introduced by Rytov in the 1950s. Combined with a scattering formalism, this enables studies of heat radiation and transfer, equilibrium and non-equilibrium forces for objects of different material properties, shapes, separations and arrangements.


From September of 2002 to August of 2003 was developped with the indigenouspeople Ava-Canoeiro of Minacu/GO, a program of school education, dealing specifically with literacy, or better, their first approach to the alphabetic writtenlanguage. During this process, they interacted with the written language in allof their functions, significations, supports, styles, genders etc., in order to beprepared to start a literacy program, initiated in this last visit of the first part ofthe the whole program that should be instaured through their own knowledgenot only of the alphabetic written language, but mainly of their real world. In myview, by being proud of their culture and language, they will able to have moresuccess and more critical awareness, to deal with two differents ways of thinkingand consciously acting as citizens in their country. The history of the contactof the group with the whites and the tipological sociolinguistic situation gavea great support to the literacy program.


Martin Luther's 1518 Heidelberg Disputation claims that those who comprehend God's activity as "seen through suffering and cross" are worthy to be called theologians. In recent decades, theologians and other interpreters have described and implemented Luther's theologia crucis terminology in myriad ways. One question prompted by meditations on Luther's cross theology is: What is the connection between the suffering and cross of Christ and the suffering and cross experienced by others? The Bremen Church order of 1534 appears to provide a description of such a connection. Unique among the other church orders of the time, Bremen's church order concludes with a chapter titled, "About the Cross." The chapter describes a number of principles related to questions concerning the divine purpose for and the human experience of "suffering and cross"—especially as these relate to the preaching office.


The 1998 Canadian Contraception Study provides a wealth of information that is of significant value to a wide range of professionals seeking to promote the reproductive health of Canadian women. These include physicians nurses and other health care workers. The findings are of particular interest to those of us who provide family planning services. Planned Parenthood Federation of Canada (PPFC) is the only national organization that provides information and counselling exclusively on family planning and sexual and reproductive health. Twenty-nine independent Planned Parenthood affiliates reach approximately 300000 Canadians every year. Ninety percent of these clients are under 30 and the vast majority are women. Using a gender-sensitive approach affiliates provide education in schools and communities develop resource materials provide volunteer training and deliver clinical services in partnership with over 150 organisations. Along with the provision of birth control PPFC affiliates also provide information on basic anatomy sexuality menstruation prevention of sexually transmitted infections HIV menopause and counselling for women facing unintended pregnancies. Thus the findings of the 1998 Canadian Contraception Study are of particular relevance to us. (excerpt)


The U.S. is in the midst of an opioid crisis. This crisis is partially responsible for declining life expectancy. The rising mortality in young people 25-44 is partially responsible and is being attributed to opioids. In this article, the formation of black markets in response to government regulation will be examined. We will also examine how the black market changes in character with subsidies. The subsidies available for Medicaid patients can be close to 100%. The subsidy makes it profitable for Medicaid patients to be recruited as a source of supply of opioids. The economics of opioids and their black markets will be explained on the basis of supply and demand. The conclusion is that the type of illicit behavior occurring in the U.S. was both rational and predictable based on the regulation of narcotics, monopoly pricing of certain opioids, and the availability of government subsidies to obtain these opioids.


The effects of 3, 6(dimethylamino)-dibenzopyriodonium edetate (IHC 72) on the dose-response curves of isoproterenol, calcium and histamine in guinea-pig papillary muscles were studied. When isoproterenol dose-response curves were shifted to the right, the maximal response was depressed, the pD_(2) value was 3.94; IHC-72 and verapamil antagonized the effect of calcium non-conpetivcly, the pD_(2) values were 4.26 and 5.60 respectively. IHC-72 could also make the dose-response curves of histamine shift to nght in a non-parallel manner, the pD_(2) value was 4.15. The results indicate that the effect of IHC-72 on the guinea-pig papillary muscle is similar to that of verapamil, that is, it may influence Ca~(2+) movement in myocardial cells.


The family serves as the foundational building block of society, and individuals often leverage their family as a foundation for achieving a better life, especially students. This research employed a qualitative research design, specifically a narrative approach. This study aimed to explore the experiences of students raised by single fathers. To ensure validity, the questionnaire was carefully crafted, and refined with the guidance of an expert. Remote interviews using an unstructured questionnaire were conducted with three students, capturing their experiences comprehensively. Thematic analysis was applied to identify meaning patterns and ethical principles were upheld throughout, ensuring participant well-being and confidentiality. The stories told by the researchers' participants include their struggles and experiences including developing independence and emotional longing for a mother. In addition, acceptance of the situation and support system were the strategies for overcoming challenges. Part of their realizations were increased motivation in their studies, resilient, and longing for a complete family. Single fathers could affect the holistic development of the child, knowing that all participants were college students. All participants share a positive perspective on life. This only shows that despite having a missing maternal fragment in their childhood they were still able to dream of a complete family someday. Their stories could bring some inspiration to those students who have the same situation and stories. The findings underscore the importance of emotional connections and personal growth in navigating challenges and pursuing success.


The wind energy converters are heavy machines used to convert wind energy to electrical power with minimum environmental damages. While the conventional energy sources like petroleum and gas cause air pollution, the wind energy is considered to be a clean energy source. The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) has set various targets till 2020-30 to obtain more energy from renewable sources as well as wind energy converters. This paper studies wind turbine as a source of renewable energy. In particular, it focuses on individual pitch controlled wind turbine, in which each blade move independently with a pitch angle to harvest the maximum power with least damages. The main concepts of the individual pitch control technique is considered and introduced in this work. A method to find the maximum received power in terms of the blade pitch angle is proposed. The results are solved numerically and analyzed. It is shown that the value of pitch angle affects the maximum received power so a control method is needed to get the maximum power coefficient. This method is recommended to be used to give feedback information regarding the value of the received power from the wind by the wind turbine blades.


Reactive ion etching of diamond interfaces using oxygen plasma is a widely used approach for the formation of diamond nanowires. In this paper, we highlight the influence of the doping level of the etched diamond substrate on the density of the resulting nanowires. Heavily boron-doped diamond interfaces result in very dense diamond nanowires, while etching of low boron-doped diamond substrates results in sparsely formed nanostructures, as boron dopant atoms in the diamond act as masks during the etching process. In pursuit of a better understanding of doping and plasma etching effects, we demonstrated by performing Raman imaging on single diamond nanowires that the etching process leads to a dedoping of the wire tip and a partial transformation of diamond to sp2 carbon. The etching process does not, however, alter the initial diamond feature of the rest of the nanowire. Finally, the activity of the different diamond nanowires toward oxygen reduction in alkaline solution was investigated. Interestingly, hi...


The problems in the mechanical equipment management of construction enterprises are analyzed in terms of management system,organization structure and operation process.On basis of the present status of the mechanical equipment management of construction enterprises,countermeasures are recommended in aspect of management mode and equipment allocation to meet the management requirements of modern enterprises.


The study investigated some determinants of sweet potato production among small-scale farmers in Ebonyi state.Primary data were collected from 400 small-scale sweet potato farmers in Ebonyi State using a multi-stagesampling technique. The instruments used for data collection were interview schedule and focus groupdiscussion (FGD). Data collected through these methods were analysed using descriptive statistics, whileordinary least square regression was used to determine factors associated with sweet potato production. FGD wasanalysed by transcribing responses of the discussants. Findings revealed that, 46.07% of the respondents weremales while 53.93% were female farmers. The average age of the respondents was 43 years while 75% hadformal education. The average farm size was about 2.8ha. Many (64%) of the respondents had more than 10 morein the market because they were more receptive to new ideas and are less risk averse than their aged counterparts.However, there should be a threshold in terms of age beyond which the agility to participate in the market maydecline. Similarly, the coefficient of marital status (5%) also had an indirect relationship with marketparticipation. This implies that processors who are married tend to not participate in the market than theircounterparts who are not. This implies that more of the cassava products produced will be used in feeding thefamily, thus reducing the quantity taken to the market. The result agrees with that of Egbetokun et al., (2017) whoobtained similar result in his study in Osun State, Nigeria. Result of the regression analysis showed thatrespondent's age, gender, household size, educational level, Farming experience, and membership to farmersassociation were positive and significantly influenced sweet potato production. The results therefore call forpolicies aimed at provision of affordable education and encouraging experienced farmers to formgroups/associations to enhance access to innovations that will enhance production.


This article is concerned with exponential mean square stabilization of stochastic systems driven by fractional Brownian motion subject to state‐delay and uncertainties by sliding mode control. By applying the proposed method, the states of the system reach the sliding surface in finite time. Then, some sufficient conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the mean‐square exponential stability of the sliding motion. The LMI conditions for mean‐square exponential stability of the sliding mode dynamics are derived by constructing a novel Lyapunov functional. Finally, a simulation example is presented which corroborates the accuracy of the results.


Microscopic colitis (MC) has been linked to several autoimmune conditions. Results from previous studies on the association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been inconsistent.


The spectrum of the ν16 asymmetric methyl stretch vibration of 1‐butyne near 2991 cm−1 has been studied via direct absorption infrared spectroscopy at a resolution of 35 MHz. Analysis by ground state combination difference indicates that the ν16 band is extensively perturbed by dark vibrational bath states. All of the transitions appear as multiplets of about five eigenstates in a window of about 0.017 cm−1. A detailed analysis is presented for the upper state levels K'a = 0–2 and J'=0–6. A lack of J' dependence implies anharmonic coupling is dominant and that b‐ and c‐type Coriolis interactions are not important at these low J' values. However, the average dilution factor goes from 0.72 at the K'a = 0 to 0.46 at the K'a = 2 suggesting weak a‐type Coriolis interactions. For the K'a = 0 levels, the measured average level density of 17 states/cm−1/symmetry species is comparable to the value of 14 vibrational states/cm−1/symmetry species obtained from a symmetry specific direct count. This is an indication t...


For preventing or treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cat, a composition comprising docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and, optionally eicosa Bae Ntaen acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA) , and one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of α- linolenic acid (ALA) is administered to the feline.


Objective:To establish an HPLC-UV method for the assessment of pharmacokinetics and bioequiva- lence of terazosin.Methods:18 healthy Chinese male volunteers were randomized to administrate a single crossover dose of test or reference tablets(2 mg).The blood concentrations of terazosin from the volunteers at the certain time- points after the administration were measured by HPLC.The pharmaeokinetic parameters as well as relative bioavail- ability were analyzed based on variation analyses and two one-side t-test.Results:The main pharmacokinetic pa- rameters of terazosin were as follows:T_(max)(1.08±0.19)h and(1.08±0.19)h,C_(max)(320.49±44.82)ng·mL~(-1) and(316.03±45.40 )ng·mL~(-1),t_(1/2)(12.68±0.92)h and(12.97±1.33)h,AUC_(0→48)(2648.00±316.85)ng· h·mL~(-1)and(2618.67±334.38)ng·h·mL~(-1),AUC_(0→∞)(3002.46±322.25)ng·h·mL~(-1)and(2979.85± 341.96)ng·h·mL~(-1).Conclusion:The method is simple and reliable.The test formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.


Each step of the synthetic sequence inverse electron-demand hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of o-thioquinones with styrenes, oxidation at sulfur, and Pummerer rearrangement allowed the preparation of 4-thioisosteres of flavanoids, namely thiaflavans, thiaflavanones and thiaflavanols. A preliminary screening indicates a clear, though moderate, antimicrobial activity of such compounds that depends upon the substitution pattern and the oxidation state at sulfur.


Guided modes in graded-index multimode optical fibers are accurately analyzed with the vector H-field finite-element method, aided by the use of the WKB method. As a result, exact mode-propagation constants and the corresponding modal eigenfield distributions are provided for the study of the modal noise that is due to the mode-coupling effect.


The methodological approach to Didactics adopted here is grounded in pragmatism. It is action-oriented and emphasizes learning as the transformation of habits as it occurs in educational settings. ...


This experiment was carried with the objective of determining agronomical indicators, characterize bromatology and metabolic energy the grass Panicum maximum...


Objective:To explore the rat bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs),culture,differentiation and identification method.Methods:The marrow cavity of rat femur was rinsed,single nuclear cells was obtained by density gradient centrifugation,those endothelial cells were cultured,the cell morphology was observed.CD34,vWF,CD133 were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence,absorbed DiL-acLDL and combined with FITC Lectin-UEA-1,ultrastructure and chromosome karyotype analysis for identification.Results: The new separation of bone marrow mononuclear cells and rounded.After some cells began to stick wall,a spindle or irregular shape,7 d show cell colony or linear arrangement,10 d close to convergence,a typical cobblestone appearance.Adherent cells,CD34,vWF,CD133 positive expression and shows dynamic changes,could absorb Dil acLDL and combined with FITC Lectin UEA-1.Conclusion:This experiment preliminarily established a set of EPCs isolation,culture,differentiation of rat bone marrow.


In order to solve the problems existing in the teaching of the Financial Management, the author suggests that the teaching scheme be readjusted, the teaching materials be improved, the practice teaching be reinforced and the examination method be reformed.


Poor patient compliance with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has signifi cant adverse effects on morbidity and mortality rates in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It also adds to the resource burdens of healthcare services and providers. This paper explores the notion of PD compliance in patients with CKD with reference to the relevant published literature. The analysis of the literature reveals that 'PD compliance' is a complex and challenging construct for both patients and health professionals. There is no universal defi nition of compliance that is widely adopted in practice and research, and therefore a lack of consensus on how to determine 'compliant' patient outcomes. There are also multiple and interconnected determinants of PD compliance that are context-bound, which healthcare professionals must be aware of, and which makes producing consensus of measuring PD compliance diffi cult. The complexity of the interventions required to produce even a modest improvement in PD compliance, which are described in this paper, are signifi cant. Compliance with PD and other treatments for CKD is a multidimensional, context-bound concept, that to date has tended to efface the role and needs of the renal patient. We conclude the paper with the implications for contemporary practice.


During the 1980s, the approach to social science known as 'philosophical realism' grew in confidence and in stature, providing one alternative to the deconstructionist turn of thought which flourished also in the same decade. Substantive applications of the realist approach have still to be convincingly supplied in any number, but the research methods which might guide such applications are already beginning to emerge (e.g. Harre 1979; Sayer 1984; Silverman 1985; Pawson 1989) and appear promising. The promotion of realism as a credible philosophy and methodology of social science has been the product of many hands, as the annual Realism and the Human Sciences Conference itself attests. But the major stimulus to realist thinking since 1975 has been due to the books, articles and lectures of Roy Bhaskar. Bhaskar's project, enshrined in the two books here under review (and also in Bhaskar 1975 and 1986) is still very much in the process of


This paper proposes a network protocol that supplements existing protocols employed in project network modeling. After critical (or near critical) paths have been identified employing an existing protocol, the proposed protocol superimposes on these paths additional network elements representing contingency plans to assure that an activity, or set of activities, will actually get done on time. These superimposed elements play the same role as redundant components in a reliability system. Hence, the output from the reliability approach would view project goals in a manner similar to that of product goals typical of airline manufacturers. Namely, the product (or project) must be designed to have a near zero probability for a catastrophic failure (or a near zero probability for a failure to meet project goals). The reliability approach implies that project goals must be met above all other considerations, including project costs. Justification for this implication follows from empirical evidence suggesting that on the average, companies lose 33% of after tax profit when they ship products six months late, as compared to losses of only 3.5% when they overspend as much as 50% on product development. The paper develops a methodology based on series, parallel, and combined series-parallel reliability systems, deriving the appropriate mathematical expressions for such systems.


The more popular of electric vehicles is, the higher the load capacity of the battery is in the power system, therefore, the charging and discharging technology is particularly important. This paper introduces several electric vehicle battery charging methods commonly used at present, describes working principle of the bidirectional DC/DC converter in detail in the battery charging and discharging process, and the bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging control strategy. Finally, the electric vehicle battery charging and discharging simulation model is built, the validity of the electric vehicle battery charging and discharging model is verified based on control strategies mentioned herein by use of simulation.


Research on behalf of the IABC into the potential links between business success and communication competence has suggested strongly that the communication function(s) can only contribute significantly to short‐ or long‐term business goals if it is focused on improving the communication competence of the organisation as opposed to that of the function itself. The implications of this research are considerable and have led researchers to begin to develop a body of theory, upon which further research will be based, around the concept of the communicating company. The communicating company is defined as "an organisation that actively integrates communication systems and processes across and between all its significant activities, with the intention of achieving competitive advantage". This paper aims to explore: what the communicating company might look like and how it differs from today's organisations; what structures and systems might underlie the communicating company and help it achieve/sustain competitive advantage; how the debate around this emerging topic and the future of the communication function might be progressed.


Excess body fat is a cause of cardiovascular diseases, several important cancers, and numerous other medical conditions1 and is a growing problem in many countries. In the United States, for example, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity increased by approximately 30 percent from 1980 to 1994.2 In this review we consider the assessment of body fat and the definition of a healthy body weight for an adult. We also discuss how clinicians can use this information in caring for patients. Because overt obesity has undisputed adverse consequences for health, our focus is on lesser degrees of adiposity, the consequences of which . . .


There is high content of unsaturated fatty acid within the flaxseed oil.Unsaturated fatty acid has important application in medicines and industry,and widely used as additive to healthy food,petrolic product,rubber product and paint.Applying the crystallizing process under low temperature and selecting the optimum technology condition,the paper successively abstracted unsaturated fatty acid with real recovery.


Online retail business has become an emerging market for almost all business owners. Online recommender systems provide better services to the consumers as well as assist consumers with their decision making processes. In this study, a controlled lab experiment was conducted to assess the effect of recommendation timing (early, mid, and late) and recommendation source (expert reviews vs. consumer reviews) on e-commerce users' interest and attention. Eye-tracking data was extracted from the experiment and analyzed. The results suggest that users show more interest in recommendation based on consumer reviews than recommendation based on expert reviews. Earlier recommendations do not receive greater user attention than later recommendations.


Objective To discuss effect of methylepinephrine on pulmonary circulation of septic shock. Methods Selected 60 cases with septic shock were divided into 4 groups, each of 15 cases, and were treated by different dose of methylepinephrine. PAP and PVP were detected and compared. Results PAP increased apparently at dose of 2μg/(kg· min) and 5μg/(kg·min), and SAP increased apparently at dose of 1.0μg/(kg·min). Ranges of SAP increasing at 2μg/(kg·min) and 5μg/(kg·min) were higher than those of PAP. Conclusion Methylepinephrine for septic shock will not increase PVP, and increases PAP at dose of 2μg/(kg·min) and 5μg/(kg·min), but ranges of SAP increasing are higher than PAP.


Examples of a functional group chemistry at the Group 4 bent metallocene frameworks are presented and discussed that allow for the preparation of ansa-metallocenes at the stage of the intact organometallic complexes. These examples include ansa-metallocene formation by means of intramolecular olefin metathesis reactions, by photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions of pendant olefinic moieties and even of a Mannich-type carbon carbon coupling reaction of enamino substituents attached at the Cp-rings. Many of the resulting ansa-metallocene systems were employed as components of reactive homogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization and copolymerization catalysts. The Mannich coupling reaction was also used in [3] ferrocenophane chemistry, eventually leading to novel chelate ligand systems that were employed in catalytic asymmetric polyketone formation.


Abstract The current study proposes a theoretical framework for the development of multi-unit managers. Chain restaurants that use multi-unit managers as a part of the infrastructure of their operations have been a growing segment of the foodservice industry for the past half century (Muller & Woods, 1994). This segment of managers is growing as the 21st century heralds a continued increase in the number of multi-unit restaurant organizations and thus an increase in the need for numbers of skilled multi-unit operators. The study proposes a model for the development of multi-unit managers through a series of phases that will help develop characteristics for success. It then further proposes a framework for training and development of managers in order to fill the increasing need for multi-unit managers. Implications for practitioners are presented along with a call for further research in this understudied area.


Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin-films have been produced by a two-stage (2SSS) growth process, at annealing temperatures of 400°C-500°C, with different compositions of metallic precursors/Se, in order to reduce the major secondary phases ZnSe and CuxSey. Raman scattering is used to determine the phases in the thin-films. Under proper preparation conditions CZTSe modes are found to dominate, while the common secondary phase ZnSe is not detected.


The paper describes the integration of web resources and technology as instructional and learning tools in oral history projects. The computer‐mediated oral history project centred around interviews with community elders combined with new technologies to engage students in authentic historical inquiry. The study examined learners' affective attitudes and cognitive perceptions in grades 5 to 11 in order to understand the challenges and opportunities that students faced in the project. Data were collected using interviews with students and teachers, electronic group projects on the web, the researcher's observations, and a subjective–qualitative questionnaire. Qualitative analyses consisted of categorical and thematic analysis. With respect to categorical analysis, the excerpts of students' responses were categorised using two codes based on whether they related more to the challenges or advantages of the project. These multiple categories were then aggregated into larger analytic themes. The study showed t...


Peter Stanley, Director of the Centre for Historical Research at the National Museum of Australia, reviews this selection of military history publications: Arthur Blackburn, VC: An Australian Hero, his Men, and their Two World Wars, by Andrew Faulkner (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2008, 552pp, $AU45.00pb) A Very Rude Awakening: The Night the Japanese Midget Subs Came to Sydney Harbour , by Peter Grose (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2008, 328pp, $AU32.95pb) An Anzac Zionist Hero: The Life of Lieutenant-Colonel Eliazar Margolin , Rodney Gouttman (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2006, 208pp, £45.00hb/£18.50pb) Anzac Day: The Undying Debt , by J.G. Pavils (Adelaide: Lythrum Press, 2007, 240pp, $AU29.95pb) Gallipoli: Attack from the Sea , by Victor Rudenno (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2008, 336pp, $AU44.95pb). Publishers' websites: Arthur Blackburn,VC:  http://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/books/arthurblackburnvc.html A Very Rude Awakening: http://www.allenandunwin.com/default.aspx?page=94&book=9781741752199 An ANZAC Zionist Hero:  http://www.vmbooksuk.com/index.html ANZAC Day:  http://www.lythrumpress.com.au/publish/view.php?ID=1 Gallipoli:  http://www.unswpress.com.au/isbn/9781921410598.htm


The paper considers the effect of radiation defects caused by irradiation with protons (2.5 MeV), heavy ions 132Xe27+ (167, 80, 40  MeV), 86Kr17+(107 MeV), 40Ar8+(48 MeV), on the critical parameters of HTSC-2 tapes based on compounds YBa2Cu3O7 – x and GdBa2Cu3O7 – x. The results of calculations based on the model of the thermal peak of the ion track sizes are presented. The projective ranges of ions and protons in these samples are calculated. The radiation resistance of the studied samples to ion and proton radiation of the indicated energies is determined. The performed studies made it possible to detect, at low fluences of irradiation with heavy ions, an increase in the critical current (Ic), an improvement in the adhesion between the superconducting layer and the substrate, and a decrease in internal stresses in the HTSC layer. At higher values of fluences, the critical current and critical temperature decrease. It is important that the decrease in Ic begins at lower fluences than Tc.


We summarize four contributions about dynamical twisted mass fermions. The resulting report covers results for N_f=2 obtained from three different gauge actions, namely the standard Wilson plaquette gauge action, the DBW2 and the tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action. In addition, first results for N_f=2+1+1 flavours of twisted mass fermions are discussed.


Much attention has been provided for education policy analysis and its impact on the expansion or limitation of educational opportunities affecting racial and ethnic minorities in the public schools. The Obama Administration, like all presidential administrations, has defined an educational policy directive in the agenda proposed under A Race to the Top. However, a significant amount of funding is being filtered to the local level through various grant mechanisms, ranging from Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools to the Recovery and Reinvestment Act. This paper will analyze grant current funding mechanisms, and how they inform and construct understandings of race, ethnicity, and educational opportunity within the realm of the public schools. Taking the Obama Administration's Promise Neighborhood grant funding mechanism, this paper explores narratives of race and opportunity within the grant language, local reactions and interpretations, and grant recipient proposals. The paper asks, how do these grant mechanisms perform as narratives that alleviate, sustain or construct racial inequalities affecting youth? What do these narratives say about the role of government, local schools, or community organizations in addressing social justice, racial inequalities, and expanding political and social incorporation of youth?


The goal of the research is to evaluate the most suitable exploitation technique in two underground gypsum quarries, both of them located in Piedmont (Italy). The methods currently adopted pertain to the "Rooms and Pillars" category, but the techniques employed in the two quarries are different, i.e. mechanical (by roadheader) and conventional (by Drill & Blast) respectively. The choice of an excavation technique results from a study which takes into account a number of parameters, such as morphology of the orebody, productivity, depreciation, workforce, plant engineering and consumptions. First of all, a thorough knowledge of the geological characteristics of the area is necessary, and geomechanical properties of gypsum must be known: a wide, bedded and regular orebody favors the use of the mechanical exploitation, whereas inhomogeneous, non-linear and small orebodies often require the great versatility of the explosive. The technical comparison has highlighted that the productivities obtained by the two excavation techniques are almost equivalent: gypsum allows minimal tools wear, optimizing production times of the cutter head, whereas its plasticity can require specific consumptions of explosive higher than in rocks of comparable hardness. As to the economical aspect, the total costs of excavation with Drill & Blast are 25% higher than those with roadheader: indeed, even if the mechanical excavation will lead to higher investment costs for machinery and to large consumptions of electricity, it involves a very important saving on diesel fuel and explosives, which has a fundamental impact, i.e. a third of the costs of consumption, more than one sixth of the total costs of extraction, as well as an increase in labor costs. Another important aspect is the environmental sustainability of the mechanical excavation, with a diesel consumption much lower than the conventional method, and the possibility of an almost total abatement, if conveyor belts are employed instead of truck dumpers for muck transportation


Massage therapy is commonly used following endurance running races with the expectation that it will enhance post-run recovery of muscle function and reduce soreness. A limited number of studies have reported little or no influence of massage therapy on post-exercise muscle recovery. However, no studies have been conducted in a field setting to assess the potential for massage to influence muscle recovery following an actual endurance running race. To evaluate the potential for repeated massage therapy interventions to influence recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscle soreness, recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and reduction of upper leg muscle swelling over a two week recovery period following an actual road running race. Twelve adult recreational runners (8 male, 4 female) completed a half marathon (21.1 km) road race. On days 1,4, 8, and 11 post-race, subjects received 30 minutes of standardized massage therapy performed by a registered massage therapist on a randomly assigned massage treatment leg, while the other (control) leg received no massage treatment. Two days prior to the race (baseline) and preceding the treatments on post-race days 1, 4, 8, and 11 the following measures were conducted on each of the massage and control legs: strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, leg swelling, and soreness perception. At day 1, post-race quadriceps peak torque was significantly reduced (p 0.05). All measures had returned to baseline at day 11. Massage did not affect the recovery of muscles in terms of physiological measures of strength, swelling, or soreness. However, questionnaires revealed that 7 of the 12 participants perceived that the massaged leg felt better upon recovery. Key PointsMassage does not appear to affect physiological indices of muscle recovery post exercise.Massage does appear to positively influence perceptions of recovery.More research needs to be completed on the purported benefits of massage.


Motivation. The small size of Mars is a persistent problem for models of terrestrial planet formation. Simulations that assume a continuous distribution of planetary embryos throughout the terrestrial planet and asteroid belt regions consistently produce Mars analogues that are 3–10× too massive [1, 2]. Low mass Mars analogues have only ever been produced in simulations with adhoc or implausible initial conditions, for instance when Jupiter and Saturn are given very high eccentricities [3], or all planet-forming materials are restricted to a narrow annulus between 0.7–1.0 AU [4]. Here we present new simulations that explain the small size of Mars by including the effect of planetesimal-driven migration, a critical mechanism that has been left out of studies of the early stages of embryo formation.


The Chief Rabbi, Dr. J. H. Hertz, has continued his edition of the Jewish Prayer Book with a volume dealing with the Sabbath services-Tlae Authorized Daily Prayer Book, Part II. (National Council for Jewish Religious Education, London). It is marked by all those features which we have leamt to expect from Dr. Hertz-scholarship, simple exposition, and deep religious feeling. The introductory note on the meaning and value of the Sabbath will be of special value to those who do not fully understand what the sacred day means to the devout Jew. ,


Plate impact experiments were performed on oriented single crystals of the energetic material cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX). The experiments were performed to determine the anisotropic dynamic yield point for the RDX crystal, as well as to provide data for continuum modeling efforts. Impact was on the (111), (210), and (100) planes to access 3, 2, and 0 slip systems, respectively. Velocity history profiles were measured using Doppler interferometry. Impacts on the (210) plane resulted in nominally conventional results, with distinct elastic and plastic waves, stress relaxation, elastic precursor decay, and increasing wave separation with propagation distance. Velocity profiles from impacts on the (111) plane had no discernable precursor, although an inflection seen in the thicker samples might be the nearly overdriven elastic wave. Wave arrival times signaled a slower elastic wave speed in the (111) profiles. Several unexpected features were observed in the elastic precursor of the profiles from im...


This paper presents the design of signal conditioning and acquisition elements of a chopped broadband radiation pyrometer. This instrument is capable of measuring temperature between 900 o C and 1200 o C. This work aims at solving the problem of measuring hot objects with a thermometer. The radiation pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that infers the temperature of an object by detecting its naturally emitted thermal radiation. It collects the visible and infrared energy and focuses it on a detector. The detector used in this device is a thermal sensor. It receives heat energy reflected from a mirror inclined at 45 o to the incident signal from the hot object. The design achieved the following: temperature range measured, from 900℃ to 1200℃; the calibrated instrument is fairly linear with a tolerable non-linearity of 3.6%, with the sensitivity of 0.014��℃ −1 ; the resolution was quite very small as such it can easily detect the slightest change at its input; the rotating shutter was configured to supply the chopped signal; it operates at a frequency of 50Hz that is lower than the system frequency of 200Hz; the data acquisition system was able to capture data at a periodic time of 0.02 second and below, the system operates within the specified sampling range thus, satisfying Nyquist criteria. The signal so received by the detector is translated to a human readable form and sent to a display.


My diploma thesis "Relationship penitentiari and penology" in the first chapter devoted to the analysis of concepts penology, penitentiari. It defines the basic concepts necessary for the processing of the topic. In the following chapters is devoted to the history of prisons in the Czech Republic from the earliest records to the radical transformation of the prison system. The theoretical part of my work includes terminology and historical background. It deals with penology, as the starting field for penitentiari, which builds on the current state of penal practice in the Czech Republic. Notes the activities of individual prison employees who participate in the penitentiary care, continuous care and after-care. The work is research that identifies the theoretical knowledge of professional staff in the Prison penitentiari and penology.


como quadro grave de capacidade de accountability , visto os municípios serem os mais populosos. A pesquisa conclui que para a construção da accountability nas dimensões da prestação de contas e transparência, os portais apresentam resultados medianos e na dimensão participação, não existem condições para que se efetive ABSTRACT The speed of information grows exponentially and the technological tools of information and communication have transformed the world, as well as organizations. However, far more remote than these technologies, is the need for governments to be transparent and public about their actions. Brazilian law, such as the Constitution itself and the Access to Information Law, requires the State to take actions in this regard and information and communication technology is an ally in meeting this need. Thus, we seek a favorable scenario for the formation of accountability, a term without a literal translation, but with concepts that will be explored in this article, which play important roles in the formation of open government data and public administration transparency portals. Thus, the following question arises: what is the level of accountability presented in the portals of the legislative assemblies of the three most populous municipalities in the state of Rondônia? In order to answer this question, the level of accountability, transparency and participation in the electronic portals of city councils in cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants was verified. For that, an observation protocol created by Raupp and Pinho (2013a) was used, which staggered the portals of the municipal councils and presented them as a serious picture of accountability capacity, since the municipalities are the most populous. The research concludes that for the construction of accountability in the dimensions of accountability and transparency, the portals present average results and in the participation dimension, there are no conditions for the effective participation of citizens in municipal legislatures.


A major problem confronting the understanding of tidal evolution of close solar-type binaries is the inefficiency of the turbulent convection. The value of the effective viscosity estimated, in the framework of the mixing length theory (MLT), implies circularization timescales which are almost two orders of magnitude longer than observed. Moreover, the reduction of the effective viscosity due to the fast time-variation of the tidal shear in short period binaries, increases the discrepancy to about three orders of magnitude. This state of affairs has motivated suggestions that tidal orbital evolution, notably circularization occurs mainly during the pre-main-sequence phase. However, observational data accumulated over the recent decades imply that circularization does occur during the the main-sequence phase (Mazeh 2008).

In this work, we examine the possibility that the apparent inefficiency of turbulent convection is merely a shortcoming of MLT approach. Indeed, a recent 3D numerical simulation (Penev et al. 2007), suggests that the true convective viscosity is probably larger than the MLT value and that the reduction due to the time-variation of the shear is not drastic. We employ a model for stellar turbulent convection (Canuto, Goldman & Mazzitelli 1996) to evaluate the effective viscosity both for a steady for and time dependent tidal shear.

The model is physically based, self-consistent, and accounts for the full spectrum of the turbulent eddies. It has been found advantageous, compared to the MLT, in many applications. We use an analytic approximation to the turbulent spectrum to obtain the reduction of the efficiency due to the time-variation of the tide. The results are: (i) an enhanced effective viscosity (by a factor of ∼ 4.5), and more importantly (ii) only a mild reduction due to the time-variation of the tidal shear. Overall, for binaries with orbital period of 15 days the discrepancy is "only" a factor of ∼30 down from a factor of ∼1000. These encouraging results should motivate an investigation of rigorous non-analytic solutions. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


OBJECTIVE
Rotation work involves travelling to work in remote areas for a block of time and alternate with spending another block of time at home; such work arrangements have become common in the resources sector. The intermittent absence of workers from the home may adversely affect the health of the workers' families. This study synthesises research on mental and physical health outcomes in partners and children of rotation workers in the resources sector.

DESIGN
A systematic review was conducted. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Nineteen studies were included and findings were summarised narratively.

RESULTS
The impact of rotation work on the mental health and well-being of partners and children of rotation workers remains unclear. However, on days where workers are away, partners may experience greater loneliness and poorer sleep quality.

CONCLUSION
Partners may benefit from support, particularly when they have younger children and/or their spouses first begin rotation work. Research is limited, particularly regarding the impact on health-related behaviours and physical health outcomes.

REGISTRATION
This review was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020167649).


Abstract
 Objective:
 This article aimed to evaluate whether a substance-related diagnosis (SRD; i.e., alcohol, opioids, cannabis, stimulants, nicotine) predicts the likelihood and co-occurrence of preterm (20–37 weeks' gestation) and cesarean delivery.
 Methods:
 This study reviewed electronic health record data on women (aged 18–44 years) who delivered a single live or stillbirth at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation from 2012 to 2019. Women with and without an SRD were matched on key demographic characteristics at a 1:1 ratio. Adjusting for covariates, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
 Results:
 Of the 19,346 deliveries, a matched cohort of 2,158 deliveries was identified. Of these, 1,079 (50%) had an SRD, 280 (13%) had a preterm delivery, 833 (39%) had a cesarean delivery, and 166 (8%) had a co-occurring preterm and cesarean delivery. An SRD was significantly associated with preterm and cesarean delivery (AOR = 1.84 [95% CI, 1.41–2.39], p-value= <0.0001; AOR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.23–1.85], p-value= <0.0001). An alcohol-related diagnosis (AOR = 1.82 [95% CI, 1.01–3.28], p-value= 0.0471), opioid-related diagnosis (AOR = 1.94 [95% CI, 1.26–2.98], p-value= 0.0027), stimulant-related diagnosis (AOR = 1.65 [95% CI, 1.11–2.45], p-value= 0.0142), and nicotine-related diagnosis (AOR = 1.54 [95% CI, 1.05–2.26], p-value= 0.0278) were associated with co-occurring preterm and cesarean delivery.
 Conclusions:
 Pregnant women with an SRD experienced disproportionally higher odds of preterm and cesarean delivery compared to pregnant women without an SRD. Substance-type predicts the type of delivery outcome. An SRD in pregnant women should be identified early to reduce potential harm through intervention and treatment.


Soil was sampled according to the distance surrounding different activities area and on different levels of travel channel around the gold saddle tourist spots of Xilamuren grassland in Inner Mongolia. Soil samples were collected every 5 cm until down to 30cm in each plot with soil wreath knife. Analyze soil compaction, bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic matter, available P, total N, total P and total K by experiment. Through data analysis, study the response of tourism interference on soil physical and chemical properties. Study shows that the destruction of tourism activities on the grassland soil is big and the intensity of tourism activities are positively correlated to the degree of interference. The nearer to the concentrated region of tourism spots facilities, the greater intensity of tourist disturbance and the greater damage of soil. The damage of soil in south side was significantly greater than that in the north side. Travel interference changes differently in different tourism activity area. The damage extent of interference in obo district and bok field was greater than that on both sides of horse tract. Different levels of travel channel showed that interference degree was different by the frequency size of vehicle rolling and the destruction of soil conditions was consistent with it. Tourism interference is relatively concentrated. It destructs the local environment. As long as the tourism point, tourism activity area, the layout of tourism road should not be spread too disperse and messy, the impact of grassland landscape pattern will be significantly reduced, and the deterioration trend of ecological environment is expected to be controlled. Through analysis of different type of tourism activities zone, basic cover all aspects of the impact of grassland tourism development on grassland environment. The changes of grassland soil could be explained driven by tourism disturbance. It can provide alternative methods for tourism interference study and provide guidance for the management of grassland tourist areas. Grassland tourist spots tend to be concentrated in the excellent area of pasture landscape resources and environment, but also the fragile area in ecological environment. The interference of human activities are extremely sensitive whether in a desert steppe zone of brown soil as matrix soil or in typical grassland zone of chestnut soil as matrix soil, and even in the meadow steppe of chernozem as matrix soil. Once vegetation is destructed, soil has been the strength trampling, sandy desertification would grow rapidly. It would not only affect pasture tourism, but also would threaten the neighboring regions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of tourism interference on the soil of grassland tourist spots.


Under the requirement of combination of theoretical and pratical English teaching in vocational and techincal school, English teacher will face new tasks. Based on meaningful learning theory of Ausubel and Rogers, series of English teaching model have been prvoided, which will enhance the efficency of English teaching and interest of learning English in the future.


Changes in the mechanism of the IMASA limestone distribuition equipment are provided. (The modified equipment has been called optimized machine or optimized distributor). A conventional limestone distribuition equipment has been used as a source of standard data for analyzing and comparing the efficiency of conventional and optimized machines. Field experimentations have been performed in twelve strips of land (3 by 50 meters) by both machines, loaded with 750, 1500 and 3000 kg of limestone, respectively. Limestone distributed by machines have been collected into numbered containers and weighed. A mathematical model based on the factorial variance analysis has been adopted as the statistical basis for treating current research data. Major parameters comprise machines and load levels, as first and second factors, respectively. Optimized limestone distribution equipment exhibited a better uniformity of distribution and quantity closer to specifications when compared with conventional equipment for the load levels currently investigated


Background Individuals with serrated polyps (SP) are at higher risk for synchronous colorectal advanced neoplasms (AN) and cancers. However, it remains unclear whether there is a unique involvement of the serrated pathway and/or the classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence in this setting. Methods Colorectal ANs, which include tubular adenomas ≥10 mm, adenomas with villous histology, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms, and cancers, were collected retrospectively. The groups included ANs with (AN+SP) or without (AN-only) coexisting SPs. Clinicopathological findings were compared between groups. BRAF and KRAS mutations in ANs and SPs, and methylation levels at long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) in adjacent mucosa were determined by pyrosequencing. Results Seventy-five ANs from 40 patients in the AN+SP group, and 179 ANs from 119 patients in the AN-only group were analyzed. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological findings between the two groups, except that intraepithelial neoplasia in the AN+SP group was more likely to be located in the right colon (P = 0.018). BRAF mutations were significantly more frequent in the AN+SP group (P = 0.003), while KRAS mutations showed no significant differences between groups (P = 0.142). The majority of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms in both groups showed a contiguous component of conventional adenoma. Individuals with large and right-sided SPs had significantly more conventional adenomas compared to those without such SPs (P = 0.027 and P = 0.031, respectively). Adjacent mucosa from individuals with multiple and large SPs showed significantly lower methylation levels at LINE-1 compared to individuals without such associated SPs (P = 0.049 and P = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion Our data suggest that both the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the serrated pathway are operational in individuals with coexisting ANs and SPs. The reduced methylation levels at LINE-1 in the background mucosa suggest the possibility of an underlying 'field defect'.


Mobile phones have experienced tremendous growth in India since their introduction in 1995. Hence, it becomes essential to estimate the toxicity of mobile phones for implementation of legislation that regulates sound management practices. In the present study, toxicity of disposed mobile phones in Delhi (India) has been estimated in terms of concentrations of leached heavy metals. Effort has been made to simulate acid-bath recovery process used by informal recovery units in Delhi. The sample mobile phones chosen for the study constituted models from leading mobile phone companies which have become obsolete now. The present study can serve as baseline information regarding the hazards posed by rudimentary end-of-life management options prevalent for waste mobile phones.


Based on the research and analysis on the present condition for foundational education informatization of ShanXi Province,this article points out its problems and weaknesses about creating technology environment ,teacher train-ing,ect.and give some methods and proposals concerning it,wishing it could provide basis to constructing fundamental ed-ucation informatization of Shanxi Province.