Current educational schemes increasingly focus on operational models in competencies and in the use of technological resources. These elements are conducive for the roles of students, teachers and educational authorities to change and adapt to benefit a better teaching-learning process. It is therefore important to investigate whether the instructional designs detected in the new educational paradigms are functional in teaching the various subjects in the dental area. With the participation of 10 residents of the Endodontic Postgraduate Course at the Technological University of Mexico Campus Marina-Cuitlahuac, a quasi-experimental study was carried out, a book-type Flipchart was created about root anatomy. Through bibliographic research the residents collected images and information about the topic, later with the use of professional clay they created 3D anatomical models that are transformed into digital images through software, then these images will be used to power and create the Flipchart of augmented reality. To evaluate the consolidation of knowledge a diagnostic evaluation (KPSI model) was used before the activity and a summative evaluation at the end


Most development proposals of any size require planning permission, and highway matters are an important factor in determining planning applications. This book examines the principles adopted by traffic and highway engineers when devising or reviewing proposals for access and other traffic matters. It brings together data from a wide variety of source documents, and provides practical guidance. The book is aimed at the non-specialist, such as architects, surveyors and town planners, and student highway and traffic engineers. Chapters are headed: site access strategy; the planning system; traffic impact assessment; traffic flow; highway link design; priority junctions; roundabouts; traffic signals; road safety; public transport; traffic management; parking; service vehicles; and statutory procedures: traffic management measures.


As youths spend more time engaged in social media and informal learning experiences online, they interact with the public pedagogy of technological spaces. The public pedagogy of technological spaces, specifically Facebook, functions to create a habitus for the way youths act and respond in digital discourses and digital culture. This article contends that Facebook's public pedagogy seeks to shape how young people view technology, and we examine the rhetorical strategies Facebook uses to both normalize and celebrate its vision of current cultural changes. We illustrate how through its discourse, specifically through a construction of a modern-day version of the frontier myth, Facebook seeks to craft users with particular dispositions who behave in particular ways online, and how it disciplines dissent on its site.


According to Explanation and Study of Principles of Composition of Characters,an ancient Chinese dictionary,the Chinese character"家"means the home of pigs or the home of people,and the former emerged before the latter.This explanation is just too obscure.Also,from the perspective of historical materialism,the relation between people and pigs is in essence that between people and nature.The original residential areas of the Li nationality inhabiting Hainan Province have furnished the lively evidence of the viewpoints mentioned above.Therefore,the development of modern family residences should not be garbled out of the historical context of the bounty of nature.


In this paper, we provide a solution to the system of non-integer differential equation of order 0 < q < 1, by the technique of Laplace transformation and with interest to property of Mittag-Leffler function, with the help of the programming technique of Maple.


In most countries, enterprises play a significant role in contributing to production, investment, job creation, and output. Enterprises are also the leading bird in applying science and technology, improving labor productivity, and implementing digital transformation in the context of the industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, countries always want to create a favorable business environment, reduce transaction costs and market access costs, improve capital markets, and improve the quality of human resources to develop businesses and then make more contributions to socio-economic development. In particular, the financial market needs adjustments to improve the ability to provide and transfer capital to businesses at optimal costs, helping businesses achieve business efficiency. Using a sample size of 30 enterprises in Vietnam's stock market in the period 2011 to 2021, at the same time, using the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) method to handle the defects in the estimated model and the phenomenon of cross-dependence between enterprises on the stock market, the research results confirmed that large-scale enterprises often have many advantages in accessing external loans to finance their investment projects. However, larger firm size is consistent with slower access to loans. On the contrary, small-scale enterprises often have high risks and are difficult to access bank loans, so small-scale enterprises should prioritize using their own capital to finance their investment projects. In addition, the study also affirmed that corporate profitability, board of directors' size, board of directors' meeting frequency, and foreign participation in the board of directors often orient enterprises to increase funding by equity as well as limited loan capital. The study also found no effect of sales growth on capital structure choice.


A Narrative Commentary by Václav Beneš Třebízský: Probing Authorial Strategies in Czech Literature of the Late 19th Century This study deals with the form and function of narrative commentary in Czech prose works of the period 1830–1880, with a focus on V. B. Třebízský's novel Wandering Souls , in which the commentary material is particularly rich and diverse. What this analysis makes possible, first, is a number of in-terpretative insights into Třebízský's work and a mapping of some of his most common narrative figures. Second, it allows us to generalize the form and function of narrative commentary in the broader literary period under consideration, for which Wandering Souls provides a workable syn-ecdoche.


This article compares and contrasts two different postmodern therapeutic orientations in terms of the way they approach issues of identity, agency, and therapeutic change. The author invited James Hibel, a narrative therapist, and Douglas Flemons, a hypnotherapist and relationally oriented brief therapist, to discuss differences and similarities in their respective approaches to these issues. The article includes an edited transcript of portions of the dialogue.


We discuss new Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations of four luminous galaxies at z ' 7 − 9 selected to have intense rest-frame optical line emission by Roberts-Borsani et al. (2016). Previous spectroscopic follow-up has revealed Lyα emission in two of the four galaxies. Our new MOSFIRE observations confirm that Lyα is present in the entire sample. We detect Lyα emission in the galaxy COS-zs7-1, confirming its redshift as zLyα = 7.154, and we detect Lyα in EGS-zs8-2 at zLyα = 7.477, verifying a tentative detection presented in an earlier study. The ubiquity of Lyα emission in this unique photometric sample is puzzling given that the IGM is expected to be significantly neutral over 7 < z < 9. To investigate this surprising result in more detail, we have initiated a campaign to target UV metal line emission in the four Lyα emitters as a probe of both the ionizing radiation field and the velocity offset of Lyα at early times. Here we present the detection of very large equivalent width [CIII], CIII] λλ1907,1909 Å emission in EGS-zs8-1 (WCIII],0 = 22 ± 2 Å), a galaxy from this sample previously shown to have Lyα emission at z = 7.73. Photoionization models indicate that an intense radiation field (log10 ξ∗ ion [erg −1 Hz] ' 25.6) and moderately low metallicity (0.11 Z ) are required to reproduce the CIII] line emission and intense optical line emission implied by the broadband SED. We argue that this extreme radiation field is likely to affect the local environment, increasing the transmission of Lyα through the galaxy. Moreover, the centroid of CIII] emission indicates that Lyα is redshifted from the systemic value by 340 km sec−1. This velocity offset is larger than that seen in less luminous systems and provides an additional explanation for the transmission of Lyα emission through the intergalactic medium. Since the transmission is further enhanced by the likelihood that such systems are also situated in the densest regions with accelerated evolution and the largest ionized bubbles, the visibility of Lyα at z > 7 is expected to be strongly luminosity-dependent, with the most effective transmission occurring in systems with intense star formation.


Rail vehicle and tension adjustable apparatus are provided that the influence acting on the when crash with the obstacles from the tension adjustable apparatus on the under frame or the car body is discoloration. A rail vehicle comprises a tension adjustable apparatus(30) set up in the lower-part of the under frame. The tension adjustable apparatus includes a tension adjustable member(31) colliding with the obstacles, a first pin(32) which is rotatable, connects the tension adjustable member to the lower-part of Under frame, a connecting device connecting the tension adjustable member and Under frame, a second pin(38) which is rotatable, connects the connecting device to the lower-part of Under frame, a third pin connecting the tension adjustable member and connecting device.


The project investigated the feasibility of producing protective clothing that could reversibly release useful quantities of energy as heat. The heat would be released only when required by the wearer. By the chemical modification of clothing type polymers with phase change materials, it was shown that the derivatized products can reversibly store significant quantities of energy as heat. The products were found to release the heat energy at temperatures that are attractive for a clothing application and the temperature of transition can be adjusted if desired. The phase transitions could be reproducibly cycled many times. Replacing currently available cold weather clothing with thin phase change clothing would allow for better dexterity and provide for increased comfort and warmth.


Inhalation Toxicology International Forum for Respiratory Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713657711 Oxidative Stress as a Screening Metric of Potential Toxicity by Nanoparticles and Ariborne Particulate Matter Eugene J. Rogers a; Dhimiter Bello a; ShuFeng Hsieh a a Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Science and NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA


Museum collections are as numerous and as varied as the objects that have intrigued or been coveted by humankind through the ages. Not all museum collections stand out and demand attention. Many never go on public display due to conservation issues, space restraints or sheer volume of numbers.


The authors considered a problem of duality of existing approaches to classification of industrial and consumption waste in Russian Federation. The suggestions also are methodical approaches to unified method for classification of household and industrial waste, which take into account the particularly dangerous properties of individual components of waste — carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity — and categorize waste into 5 classes. Preliminary calculations of jeopardy classes for an enterprise waste were carried out and additional economic costs of a large enterprise are analyzed with a new technique introduction. It is shown that for about 10% of waste types the jeopardy class will increase. An economic entity will need funds for special preparation of temporary waste storage sites with a higher jeopardy class. Environmental charges for negative environmental impact are increasing. To increase objectivity of accounting hazardous properties of waste, necessity is to form a list of chemicals with proven hazardous properties and clear identification of physico-chemical parameters of the waste components that are responsible for those properties manifestation.Increased attention to highly hazardous waste, adequate methods of collection, temporary storage, transport, disposal should lead to improvement of environment quality, reduce health risks for those in occupational contact with waste and for general population.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the prevalence of small intestinal atresia among twins and singletons in the United States.

DESIGN
Descriptive analysis.

MEASUREMENTS
The McDonnell Douglas Health Information System (MDHIS), a national registry of newborn diagnoses, 1982 through 1988; and the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a registry of defects among infants in Atlanta, 1968 through 1989.

PATIENTS
Live-born infants with small intestinal atresia.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MAIN RESULTS
In both systems, the rate of small intestinal atresia was higher among twins than singletons (MDHIS: 5.5 per 10,000 vs 2.0, relative risk [RR] = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9 to 4.0; MACDP: 7.3 vs 2.5, RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.7). The increase was more notable among same-sex twins than opposite-sex twins, suggesting an increase among monozygotic twins. It was also more notable among twins with jejunoileal atresia than those with duodenal atresia, suggesting a vascular cause in many cases.

CONCLUSION
Twins have a higher rate of small intestinal atresia than singletons, possibly due to vascular disruption in monozygotic twins.


Managerial implications for the pharmacy as an NHS actor. After analysing the characteristics of the pharmaceutical sector and the drugs expenditure, the work explores the role of the pharmacy on health prevention. The study shows how the pharmacy is becoming the first reference point for patients and the strongest link with NHS organisation for the delivery of prvention and information programmes.


[Objective]Design the Static Three Dimensional Screw-Plate system(STDSP), bring a new instrument for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, which has good biome chanical features of axial loading and rotation stability and can reestablish the loss of support of the posterior neck of fracture with posterior comminution. [Method]Design the STDSP. To the fracture group,one femur of each pair was randomly selected to be stabilized by STDSP, and the other was fixed by the three cancellous lag screws(TCS). Then the constructions were tested with axial loading or rotation to failure. The intact group were fixed and then taken out with the two methods, then tested with axial loading. [Result] (1)Rotation test: Compare the loads of the same rotation angle and the loads of the same width the anterior gap of the osteotomy open, STDS group is bigger than TCS group(P0.05).(2)Axial loading test: Compare the loads of the same inferior femoral head displacement and the ultimate yield load, STDSP groupTCS group (P0.05). Compare the width of superior gap open of the same load , STDSP groupTCS group (P0.05).(3)Axial Ioadingtest of the healed model: The ultimate load to failure of STDSP group is bigger than TCS group (P0.05).[Conclusion](1)STDSP is superior to TCS in the axial loading and rotation stability and. bone construction strength retention. 2. STDSP is a fixation with good biomechanical feature for the treatment of femoral neck fracture.


This study establishes a relation between metacognitive functioning and comprehension level of university students when reading scientific articles. The 33 psychology students who participated in the study, read and reported on two types of scientific articles. Their reading and writing processes was video taped. Their performances are categorized based on levels of planning and monitoring-control, ranging from non-regulated to highly self-regulated. Their reading comprehension is evaluated in terms of integration levels. The study found a significant and positive correlation between metacognitive functioning and comprehension levels. The higher the metacognitive function level, the greater the reading comprehension level. The reading comprehension level, and the lower the metacognitive level, the lower the reading comprehension level.


Purpose: To investigate the anticancer potential and cytotoxicity of some freshwater cyanobacterial extracts on Human Colon Carcinoma (HT29), Rat Brain Glioma (C6), Human Cervix Carcinoma (HeLa), Human Lung Carcinoma (A549), Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7), Human Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hep3B) cancerous cells, African Green Monkey Kidney cells (Vero), and Human Amnion cells (FL).Methods: Chroococus minutus, Geitlerinema carotinosum, Nostoc linckia and Anabaena oryzae were collected from different freshwater habitats and identified. Each cyanobacterium was extracted with methanol. Antiproliferative activities of the cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated by [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) using HT29, C6, HeLa, A549, MCF7, Hep3B, Vero, and FL cell lines. Cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay.Results: The cyanobacterial extracts showed varying antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. G. carotinosum and N. linckia had significant inhibitory effect on C6 cell lines with half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) levels of 112.69 and 121.48 μg/mL, respectively. TGI values for G. carotinosum and N. linckia were 65.07 and 70.61 μg/mL, respectively. LC50 values for these two cyanobacteria were 386.64 and 760.55 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, cyanobacterium A. oryzae displayed excellent antiproliferative effect on MCF7 cancer cells (GI50 = 2.04 μg/mL). The extracts displayed the cytostatic effect on the cell lines.Conclusion: G. carotinosum, N. linckia and A. oryzae exhibit significant activity on various cancer cells. Hence these cyanobacteria may offer promise as anticancer agents.Keywords: Freshwater cyanobacteria, Anticancer, Cytotoxicity, Chroococus minutus, Geitlerinema carotinosum, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena oryzae


Table I. Chronic stricture complications N. W. Harrison, MD, FRCS Senior Urological Registrar, St Peter's Hospitals and the Institute of Urology, London Urethral stricture: the management of chronic complications urine. The detrusor no longer empties the bladder completely and the residual urine which results leads to frequency of micturition and an increasing risk of infection. Bladder sensation is diminished and muscle is replaced by fibrous tissue until eventually the stage is reached when there is incontinence of urine due to "retention with overflow". In chronic retention the bladder is greatly distended but as there is no pain, decompression is not required with the same urgency as in the acute situation. It is more important, initially, to direct one's attention to the state of renal function, remembering that. as the detrusor has been failing the ureters may have become obstructed leading to hydronephrosis and destruction of renal tissue. Thus clinical evidence of renal failure should be sought and blood urea and haemoglobinestimations obtained. A raised blood urea is an indication for urinary diversion and this is readily achieved by suprapubic puncture (see previous article). Relief of a chronic obstruction is always followed by a period of excess water and sodium loss due to the osmotic effect of urea and to failure of tubular reabsorptive function. This obligatory polyuria may amount to severallitres per day and it is essential to measure the urine output carefully, and to give intravenous fluid if necessary. Failure to appreciate this may result in a patient slipping into acute renal failure in spite of an apparently adequate fluid intake. A pulse and blood pressure chart is a most useful guide to the adequacy of fluid replacement. The extent to which both bladder and kidneys will recover their function after relief of obstruction cannot be predicted. The bladder may not regain its contractility and thus continue to empty inadequately, if at all, even after the stricture has been satisfactorily dilated. A period of continuous bladder drainage to maintain an empty bladder for six weeks may be followedby successfulvoiding. An episode of acute retention may be superimposed on a chronically failing detrusor and the severity of the acute symptoms will be related to the extent add duration of the chronic pathologicalchanges. In any painless retention remember to consider the possibility of a neuropathic cause (e.g. spinal TB or tumour) and to look for neurological signs, especially in the sacraldermatomes.


Applicator (1) for use in radiation therapy comprising: - a substantially cylinder-shaped base body (2) for receiving a radiation source, wherein the base body (2) having a cavity in its interior, which extends along a base body main axis (A); and - a substantially cylinder-shaped absorption body (4) connected to the base body (2) is movably connected, and wherein the emerging from the radiation source influenced such that a preferred radiation direction is defined, wherein the base body (2) and the absorption body (4) are arranged in longitudinal direction one behind the other and the plane in which the ends of the two cylinders abut the base body main axis relative (A) is inclined, wherein the absorption body (4) with the base body (2) is rotatably connected and the axis of rotation (D) of the absorption body (4) relative to the base body main axis (a) is inclined so that the preferred radiation direction (a) can be tilted in a plurality of different positions relative to the base body main axis ,


Software effort estimation is one of important area in project management which used to predict effort for each person to develop an application. Besides, Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) II is a common model used to estimate effort estimation. There are two coefficients in estimating effort of COCOMO II which highly affect the estimation accuracy. Several methods have been conducted to estimate those coefficients which can predict a closer value between actual effort and predicted value. In this paper, a new metaheuristic algorithm which is known as Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is proposed in several scenario of iteration. Besides, FPA is also compared to several metaheuristic algorithm, namely Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. After evaluated by using Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE), experimental results show that FPA obtains the best result in estimating effort compared to other algorithms by reached 52.48% of MMRE in 500 iterations.


We analyze the general risk-neutral valuation for counterparty risk embedded in a Credit Default Swap (CDS) contract by adapting the recent findings of Brigo and Capponi (2009) to allow for simultaneous defaults among the two parties and the underlying reference credit, while the counterparty risk is considered bilaterally. For the default intensities, we employ a Markov copula model allowing for the possibility of a simultaneous default. The dependence between defaults of three names in a CDS contract and the wrong-way risk will thus be represented by the possibility of simultaneous defaults.We investigate numerically the effect of considering simultaneous defaults on the counterparty risk valuation of a CDS contract. Finally, we study a CDS contract between Royal Dutch Shell and British Airways based on Lehman Brothers applying this methodology, illustrating the bilateral adjustments with the possibility of simultaneous defaults in concrete crisis situations.


This paper examines the tension in the process of designing student surveys between the methodological requirements of good survey design and the institutional needs for survey data. Building on the commonly used argumentative approach to construct validity, I build an interpretive argument for student opinion surveys that allows assessment of the inferences and assumptions underlying the claim that an opinion survey item is a valid measure of a construct. I then evaluate the content validity of measures of program satisfaction and academic growth in Utah Valley University's 2010 Graduated Alumni Survey and 2009 Graduating Student Survey, surveys designed to maximize conformity with existing and legacy institutional priorities and demands. Using analytical assessment and empirical tests including response change across surveys, interitem correlation, and factor analysis I show that UVU's surveys—and by implication, all surveys developed with primarily institutional validity in mind—are subject to grave challenges to the construct validity. I conclude by suggesting that effective operationalization of institutional priorities can bring together construct and institutional validity. firstname.lastname@example.com http://johnsonanalytical.com 800 West University Parkway Orem, Utah 84058 (801) 863-8993 AIR 2011 Forum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Table of


Classification is a central problem for dynamical systems, in particular for families that arise in a wide range of topics, like substitution subshifts. It is important to be able to distinguish whether two such subshifts are isomorphic, but the existing invariants are not sufficient for this purpose. We first show that given two minimal substitution subshifts, there exists a computable constant R such that any factor map between these sub-shifts (if any) is the composition of a factor map with a radius smaller than R and some power of the shift map. Then we prove that it is decid-able to check whether a given sliding block code is a factor map between two prescribed minimal substitution subshifts. As a consequence of these two results, we provide an algorithm that, given two minimal substitution subshifts, decides whether one is a factor of the other and, as a straightforward corollary, whether they are isomorphic.


Authors' reply: We completely understand the reviewer point of view and we agree that our objectives were not well described. What we want to do in this study is to show the contribution of nadir altimetry (punctual measurement) at the continental scale of a large catchment. Because of this context, the use of localization is required. Those two aspects (use of satellite-derived discharge and localization) are both equally important. Following the similar remark from the first referee, we will reformulate the paragraph in the introduction to highlight the importance of these two objectives. To homogenize the manuscript, we will also modify the abstract accordingly.


One of the key questions for Activator of G‐protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) and related proteins containing G‐protein regulatory (GPR) motifs is what controls their positioning within the cell and their interaction with G‐proteins. AGS3 has 7 tetratricopeptide (TPR) motifs upstream of 4 GPR motifs, each of which bind and stabilize the GDP bound conformation of Gialpha. The TPR domain of AGS3 serves as a key determinant of subcellular positioning through its interaction with specific binding proteins. We addressed the role of individual TPR domains and these binding partners in regulating the interaction of AGS3 with G‐protein in living cells (HEK‐293) by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) with the donor‐acceptor pair AGS3‐ Renilla luciferase (RLuc) and Gialpha1‐YFP. Progressive deletion of TPR domains increased net BRET compared to wild type AGS3. Similar increase in net BRET signal occurred upon disruption of the TPR domain such as a single nucleotide polymorphism identified between the 4th and the 5th TPR motif. Co‐transfection of AGS3‐binding partners LKB1, Inscuteable or Frmpd1, which bind to the TPR or linker domains in AGS3, with AGS3‐RLuc and Gialpha1‐YFP differentially regulated the interaction of the two proteins. These data indicate that the TPR domain regulates the interaction of the AGS3 GPR domain with G‐proteins.


This work, seeking to dialogue with production related to sport and leisure, describes and analyzes the trajectory of Sociocultural Study Group in Physical Education (GESEF), specially based on its ethnographic investigations. It presents portraits of unplanned investigative paths developed at their interface with anthropology. Such portraits of studies show points of reflections and contributions at different fronts: understanding sport practices as culture shared in groups, beyond absences and favoring appropriation in urban leisure contexts made up of ordinary people; understanding fun practices, including games and sports, as spaces for disputes and negotiations connected to everyday life and therefore as significant educational universes immersed in power relations; understanding the polyphony of interests that pervade sports practices, especially those that coexist "in leisure", although they might appear antagonistic or ambiguous at first glance, hampering a priori difficult classifications and understandings; and understanding sport and recreational experiences in the lives of social actors in action, as social issues connected to politics, education, violence, work. Finally, the text emphasizes that it is not proposing to close discussions, but to bring elements that can contribute in understanding, especially with a view to intervention in the fields of sport and leisure.


In recent years, many studies have focused on pose recognition, with few studies on pose evaluation and even fewer on pose classification. Thus, studies combining pose evaluation and pose classification are almost non-existent. In this paper, a channel attention-based Siamese network was proposed, and two functions of pose classification and pose evaluation were integrated into the same network, which means this proposed model simultaneously implements classifying input poses into the appropriate categories and evaluating the similarity of input poses. Briefly, the proposed model was structured as a basic Siamese network with three convolutional blocks, one of which contains a convolution layer, a pooling layer, a batch normalization layer, and an activation function. After three convolutional blocks, one of the branches of the Siamese network diverged into two fully connected layers to generate two feature vectors, one for classification and the other for evaluation. The other branch connects a fully connected layer to generate a feature vector for pose evaluation. Furthermore, the attention module has been shown to be effective according to our experiments on the Baduanjin dataset. Experimental results also indicate that the performance of both the pose classification task and the pose evaluation task is relatively great in our proposed model.


The effects of milling on the rate of cellulose depolymerization during cotton acid hydrolysis are investigated. The data indicate that some glycosidic bonds of cellulose have very high accessibility to catalytic ions. It was also shown that a mechanical pretreatment increases the accessibility of some glycosidic bonds of cellulose and decreases the volume of the crystalline regions of cotton


This paper deals with a reduction method of models composed of a linear behaviour subsystem which has a high number of eigenmodes in the range of analysis and of a nonlinear behaviour subsystem. Each subsystem has model uncertainties and data uncertainties. Those uncertainties are taken into account using the usual parametric probabilistic approach and the non parametric probabilistic approach. We present a numerical example constituted of a simple system owning all the properties of the systems we are interested in and which validates the proposed methodology.


There are two broad themes in the theory of international trade. One is qualitative, being concerned with the pattern of trade, i.e. which country will export which good. The standard theory relates this to comparative advantage, i.e. to international differences in relative opportunity costs, and then tries to explain comparative advantage in terms of differences in technologies, factor supplies, etc. This theme is also concerned with the way in which trade in return affects such determinants of comparative advantage. The other theme is more quantitative, and seeks to explain the terms of trade, i.e. relative prices of exports and imports in a trading world. It also examines how they are affected by changes in data such as factor supplies or technology, and policies such as tariffs. While we have stated the themes as descriptive, it is clear that normative analyses will have to be based on, and will benefit from, a proper understanding of them. Questions of the state of the balance of payments, or of determination of exchange rates, can also be seen as elaborations and extensions of the same basic ideas. In developing these themes, one should bear in mind two important points. The first is that the very concepts of trade theory– relative costs and relative prices–call for consistent use of general equilibrium analysis. This need not always be Walrasian competitive analysis, but in a problem with several goods and factors, and several producing and consuming units, an approach which constantly reminds us of their mutual relationships is essential if errors of oversight are to be avoided. While obvious, this is sometimes forgotten.


Abstract : This paper seeks to analyze the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) objectives; achievements; the need for a subregional defence; external and internal threats; regional member states; problems; role of major powers at play--France and Nigeria; the military capabilities of member states; and the ECOWAS Defence Pact's provisions and defects. The paper then recommends a force structure if present arrangements are unacceptable, highlights the future prospects of the organization, and ends with a conclusion. Since the defence pact has not been ratified, it is deemed inoperable, and this paper aims to analyze the considerations for establishing the pact and attempts to convince member states of its implications and desirability.


It has been shown that L-tyrosine 0-sulphate, a component of mammalian fibrinogens, is not desulphated to any appreciable extent by the rat (Dodgson, Powell & Tudball, 1960). However, the ester is metabolized to yield two major products, one of which has been identified as the sulphate ester of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Dodgson, Powell, Rose & Tudball, 1961). The latter compound was eliminated in an unchanged form when injected into rats and the possibility therefore existed that the unidentified metabolite was the sulphate ester of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, a probable intermediate on the pathway between L-tyrosine 0-sulphate and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid sulphate. However, this could not be confirmed because an authentic sample of the ester could not be prepared. p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid readily undergoes spontaneous conversion into p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Bloxam, Day, Gibbs & Woolf, 1960) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (Doy, 1960) but the sulphate ester has been prepared by modifying the standard procedure (Burkhardt & Lapworth, 1926) so that mildly acidic conditions were maintained throughout. Under such conditions the ester sulphate linkage and the labile oc-oxo acid side chain were reasonably stable. The present work describes this preparation and also shows that the sulphate ester exhibits behaviour similar to the parent phenol with respect to the lability of the a-oxo acid side chain.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between financial development and economic growth in terms of intersectoral spillovers. The econometric investigations are performed using a dynamic theoretical framework consistent with Feder (1983). For this purpose, yearly national accounts data for Tunisia during the period 1972—2008 are exploited. One of the principal motivations of this investigation goes back to the fact that the issue of the role of financial factor in economic development in Tunisia is not adequately researched. This paper should be viewed as an attempt to fill this gap. The empirical estimations show significant externalities from the financial services industry to the real economy.


INTRODUCTION: Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN), especially in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), remains challenging. Single-fraction Cyberknife radiosurgery (CK) and retrogasserian thermocoagulation (TC) are possible therapeutic options. Comparative studies regarding treatment efficacy and outcome in patients with refractory TN treated with CK or TC, with additional consideration to MS, are scarce. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data of patients with TN treated with single-fraction CK or TC at a single academic institution were analyzed. Pain level was evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNIp) pain scale pre-intervention and 3, 6, 12 months and last follow-up (LFU) post-interventionally. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with MS. RESULTS: 113 patients were treated with 161 treatments. Median age of the cohort was 61.1 (31.1–98.4) years. There were no significant differences between the cohorts regarding age, side, branch distribution and pre-procedural BNIp. Median follow-up time was 44.3 (3.0–135.9) months. After CK, improved outcome was reported in 59.1%, 57.9%, 66.7%, and 67.3% at 3, 6, 12 months and LFU, while after TC, improved outcome was reported in 85.0%, 77.4%, 70.8% and 55.9%. Patients were more likely to benefit initially and at 3 months follow-up from a TC procedure (p<.0001), but improved outcome at LFU was more pronounced in the CK cohort (p=.077). Repeated treatments were significantly more common in the TC cohort (p=.02). MS was the most frequent neurological co-morbidity. Exclusive analysis of the MS subgroup revealed similar results regarding pain improvement at 3-months follow-up (TC: 95.5% vs. CK: 54.0%; p<.001) and at LFU, (TC: 72% vs. 86.0%; p=.009). Incidence of new-onset hypesthesia was not significantly different in both cohorts (p=.550). CONCLUSION: Both therapies present safe and efficient treatment strategies for patients with refractory TN. Initial BNIp improvement was significantly better in patients treated with TC, while longterm effects were more pronounced in the CK cohort. This was also true for patients with MS.


The objective of this work was to develop a genetic transformation system for tropical maize genotypes via particle bombardment of immature zygotic embryos. Particle bombardment was carried out using a genetic construct with bar and uidA genes under control of CaMV35S promoter. The best conditions to transform maize tropical inbred lines L3 and L1345 were obtained when immature embryos were cultivated, prior to the bombardment, in higher osmolarity during 4 hours and bombarded at an acceleration helium gas pressure of 1,100 psi, two shots per plate, and a microcarrier flying distance of 6.6 cm. Transformation frequencies obtained using these conditions ranged from 0.9 to 2.31%. Integration of foreign genes into the genome of maize plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis as well as bar and uidA gene expressions. The maize genetic transformation protocol developed in this work will possibly improve the efficiency to produce new transgenic tropical maize lines expressing desirable agronomic characteristics.


Based on the fractal theory and the idea of the Tree Growth Competition Algorithm(TGCA), a method of optimizing the resonant frequencies by iterating the branch structure at different growth factors is proposed, which overcomes the inconvenience in adjusting the position relationships of multi-band frequencies for common fractal antennas. The lower and upper resonant frequencies of the tree-growth fractal antenna can be optimized conveniently by linearly changing its size and growth factors. Based on this method, a tree-growth fractal antenna is optimized in the GSM900/DCS1800 frequency band by using Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) algorithm. The measured and simulated results indicate that the bandwidths of microwave fractal antenna are both above 100 MHz at the resonant frequencies of 0.91 GHz and 1.81 GHz with good omni-directional radiation patterns in the horizontal direction. These good agreements of the measured and simulated results validate the feasibility of the proposed method.


Methanol poisoning is a challenging clinical situation with irreversible neurologic complication mainly encountered in developed countries. We report a case of a 50‐year‐old patient who presented with methanol poisoning, symptomatic of respiratory and neurologic failure. In this context, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging concluded entangled injury mechanisms leading to neurologic failure.


The article explores the cognitive facet of auditive distortions and presents an attempt of their formal classification and analysis through Z. Freud 's theory of errors and Barthes 's view of myth.


AbstructRotor position information is essential in switched reluctance machines (SRMs) in order to generate the phase excitation pulses for optimum control of the motor. In this paper, two new methods of indirect rotor position sensing will be presented. These methods are based on the modulation techniques which are commonly used in communication systems. The instantaneous phase inductance of a non-conducting phase is extracted in an encoded form using a modulator consisting of electronic circuitry. The signal is then decoded to obtain the instantaneous inductance from which the shaft position is determined. An analysis of these modulation techniques along with the implementation scheme using a microcontroller is presented in this paper.


The present work describes the shear creep behavior of the superalloy LEK 94 at temperatures between 980 and 1050 °C and shear stresses between 50 and 140 MPa for loading on the macroscopic crystallographic shear system (MCSS) (011) $\left[{01\bar 1} \right]$ [ 01 1 ¯ ] . The strain rate versus strain curves show short primary and extended secondary creep regimes. We find an apparent activation energy for creep of Q _app = 466 kJ/mol and a Norton-law stress exponent of n = 6. With scanning transmission electron microscopy, we characterize three material states that differ in temperature, applied stress, and accumulated strain/time. Rafting develops perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction, γ channels fill with dislocations, superdislocations cut γ′ particles, and dislocation networks form at γ/γ′ interfaces. Our findings are in agreement with previous results for high-temperature and low-stress [001] and [110] tensile creep testing, and for shear creep testing of the superalloys CMSX-4 and CMSX-6 on the MCSSs (111) $\left[{01\bar 1} \right]$ [ 01 1 ¯ ] and (001)[100]. The parameters that characterize the evolving γ/γ′ microstructure and the evolving dislocation substructures depend on creep temperature, stress, strain, and time.


The antigenic activity of a 19-mer peptide corresponding to the major antigenic region of foot-and-mouth disease virus and its retro-enantiomeric analogue was found to be completely abolished when they were tested in a biosensor system in trifluoroethanol. This suggests that the folding pattern, which is α-helix in trifluoroethanol (confirmed by CD measurement), does not correspond to the biologically relevant conformation(s) recognized by antibodies. The NMR structures of both peptides were thus determined in aqueous solution. These studies showed that the two peptides exhibit similar folding features, particularly in their C termini. This may explain in part the cross-reactive properties of the two peptides in aqueous solution. However, the retro-inverso analogue appears to be more rigid than the parent peptide and contains five atypical β-turns. This feature may explain why retro-inverso foot-and-mouth disease virus peptides are often better recognized than the parent peptide by anti-virion antibodies.


Crystal structures, dielectric properties and electrical resistivities for partially substituted lead zinc niobate [Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3] ceramic were investigated. This ceramic, sintered at 1000–1050°C, was composed mainly of perovskite phase and showed a high dielectric constant (3500–5000) and a high resistivity (approximately 1013Ω·cm) when partial substitutions of the Pb site by Ba or Sr and the (Zn1/3Nb2/3) site by Ti in the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 were carried out. The reason why the perovskite phase was stable in the sintered body is explained qualitatively by introducing the concepts of an electronegativity difference and a tolerance factor.


The changes in size and shape of micelles formed in a 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution are studied as a function of added 1-pentanol concentration at 294 K, by using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (LS). As in a previous work, the trapping of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) from the aqueous to the organic micellar subphase results in the appearance of two o-Ps states with distinct lifetimes. The LS data are analyzed on the basis of a time-dependent trapping rate coefficient, which involves two parameters characteristic of the micellar system:  the mean core radius, Rcore, and the mean aggregation number, Nag. Setting the Nag values from a previous experimental work, the LS data give thus access to Rcore. In parallel to the variation of Nag, Rcore is found to decrease slightly, then to increase steadily as the alcohol concentration is increased. A quantitative agreement is found between the experimental values of Rcore and those expected on the basis of the volume of the hydr...


This paper investigates the notions of cultural transfer, cultural transmission and cultural interaction in four literary events, Het Grote Gebeuren, Boek & Film, Naked Lunch and Zondagschrijvers, organised by Groninger Forum Bibliotheek. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research shows different results for the four events. The role of the audience is limited in three out of four events, whereas one of the events counts on input of the audience. Based on the results of our research we formulate recommendations which can be taken under consideration in order to optimise these four events and the relationship between literary agencies and audience.


In 2001, the Howard Government established the General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme, funded by taxpayers to provide a limited level of protection for employee entitlements in the event of corporate insolvency. The effectiveness of the scheme has been questioned as it involved taxpayers bailing out insolvent companies, and because government support has the potential to discourage employers from being fully accountable for employee entitlements. Government subsidising of employee entitlements may encourage misconduct or possibly lead to illegal activities by directors and corporate officers. A system where taxpayers bear the main cost of corporate failure is arguably inequitable. In 2012, the General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme was replaced by the Fair Entitlements Guarantee Act 2012 (Cth), also funded by the taxpayer, prompting the same concerns. This paper explores the potential for a joint employer and federal government-funded insurance scheme to provide an alternative solution for protecting employee entitlements when corporations collapse. An insurance scheme is proposed as a protective measure for employee entitlements. Such a scheme could provide sustainable and effective protective measures for employee entitlements.


Iceland is a republic, and earlier accounts of Icelandic folk belief say little about the Icelandic alfar or huldufolk ever being ruled by kings and queens. The background of these costumed traditions are the transformation of folk culture into national culture in the form of national heritage, and simultaneously a direct result of the intimate interface between the collection of folk culture and the creation of 'national' drama and 'national' theatre forms. Jon Arnason gives his ideas about the way that folktales reflect not only the national spirit, but the national "art" better than anything else. Sigurður Guðmundsson had pointed to the use of national history and folklore. Indriði Einarsson summed up the thoughts of many in the fledgling new nations of the nineteenth century, for whom the establishment of a national theatre represented one of the necessary crowning achievements of nationhood. Keywords:Iceland; Indriði Einarsson; Jon Arnason; national drama; national folklore; Sigurður Guðmundsson


As we enter the third year of the COVID pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus keeps on surprising clinicians globally with atypical manifestations. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is the accumulation of free air within the mediastinum without any preceding trauma or invasive procedure. Pneumomediastinum has been recently reported in the literature, often with associated mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients exposed to positive pressure ventilation due to barotrauma. We report the case of a 47-year-old man admitted for management of infection by the SARS-CoV-2. After one week of in-patient treatment, the patient still had worsening dyspnea. Repeat chest X-ray revealed surgical emphysema in neck and NCCT chest revealed pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. The spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium with surgical emphysema resorbed over 22 days with a favourable clinical outcome without any invasive intervention. Patient was discharged subsequently with vitals maintaining on room air. A keen clinical observation and timely imaging study can help in detecting these complications early and direct the management accordingly.


The funds provided under Contract No. DE-AC02-79ER10486 were totally expended for hardware and supplies required by two related devices at the Bates Linear Accelerator. These were a photon tagging facility and a ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer in Beam Line C of the new South Experimental Hall. Construction was begun in November of 1979 and both systems became fully operational in the summer of 1981. Preliminary data was taken in 1980 with a prototype ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer will be carried out in the fall of 1981 and spring of 1982. The photon tagging system has been used successfully to calibrate the ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer for the BU - MIT collaboration and to test a lead glass detector system for Brandeis University.


'Thaxter' and 'Fordhook 242' lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars were subjected to climatic variables in controlled-environment cabinets to determine conditions which were adverse to their reproduction. High night temperature promoted flower opening but was deleterious to pod set and retention. High humidity increased pod set and retention, apparently by promoting good pollen germination. High humidity, however, was unfavorable when it was combined with high temperature. Low night temperature was unfavorable when it was combined with low humidity. The most favorable environment for pod set and retention consisted of high humidity, low night temperature, and high soil moisture. 'Fordhook 242' set and retained fewer pods under environmental stress than 'Thaxter'.


The concepts of river-sea transportation mode and investment constraint were introduced,the existed transportation network of dry bulk freight in Yangtze River was optimized,and the characteristics of river-sea transportation mode and river-sea combined transportation mode were compared.According to the characteristic of mature market for inland shipping and the management feature of rolling planning for shipping enterprise in China,the minimum operation cost and the minimum ship investment cost were taken as objective functions,and the model that integrated transportation mode selection,ship assignment and ship type update was set up.The time dimension of the model was simplified,the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm based on knapsack problem was designed,and the data of group A were used to solve the model.Analysis result shows that while the total shipping cost of current mode is taken as a reference point,the total shipping cost can decrease by about 2% after using river-sea combined transportation mode.After using river-sea transportation mode,the maximum descent range is more than 8%,but the financial risk will increase.While the fund cost rate is 7% and the investment constraint is not considered,cost-reduction effect increases by 16.2%,but net investment budget will raise by 60.1%.From the configuration of optimal route,the river-sea transportation mode and river-sea combined transportation mode must be used together on different routes.3 tabs,2 figs,16 refs.


One of the many vividly debated issues of the welfare state is that of its redistributive effects. Perhaps a majority of social scientists and economists believe that the welfare state makes a considerable effort to improve the lot of the poor and the worse-off more generally, at the expense of more well-to-do, joining Wilensky's conclusion that '. .. taxes and benefits taken together have a highly egalitarian effect on income distribution.' (Wilensky, 1975: 94). Some students in the field go even further and argue that the welfare state has actually broken the link between economic welfare and contributions made in the production system, thus causing strong work disincentives (Lindbeck, 1983: 227). For some scholars the welfare state is an important step towards democratic socialism, because it removes commodities from markets to be distributed politically and thereby changes the mechanisms and distributions of capitalism (Furniss and Tilton, 1977; Stephens, 1979, Esping-Andersen, 1980). Then there are those who claim that the welfare state is a failure. Its ability to diminish equality has been challenged: '. . . a growing body of academic work shows increasing disillusion with the achievements of state welfare and pessimism about its potential for achieving redistribution to those in need.' (Taylor-Gooby, 1982; quoted by O'Higgins, 1985b). Some even argue that the welfare state actually is as much for the rich as for the poor (Le Grand, 1982), and its ability to modify class relations has been seriously challenged (Westergaard and Resler, 1975, Westergaard, 1978). This review attempts to clarify the issue of the redistributive effects of the welfare state on equality by looking carefully at research findings and by examining the theoretical assumptions that have led to controversial interpretations. For this purpose, there are two types of study which are relevant. First, there is a diffuse group of studies focusing on welfare outcomes, both their development in time and their distribution. Welfare research and social indicators on health, education, housing, economic resources etc. have greatly improved our knowledge of the level and distribution of welfare in a society; but for our purpose the basic problem of the use of the welfare outcome studies is the difficulty of specifying the impact of the welfare state, since these outcomes are obviously an effect of a vast array of other factors as well. The second group of studies focuses on the welfare efforts of the state, or on the inputs it makes in order to influence welfare outcomes. These studies are similar enough to justify the notion of a 'redistribution research paradigm'. This review focuses on the presentation of this paradigm, examining its characteristics, findings and weaknesses, but in the end we come back to studies on welfare outcomes.


The aim of this article is to present selected modern modeling approaches used in analyzing international transmission of economic impulses (shocks) between countries and in particular the international effects of macroeconomic policy referring to the Mundell-Fleming model's general concepts. The crucial aspect of the subject in question is an attempt to show, on the examples given, how the original Mundell-Flemingmodel has been "evaluating", i.e. has been developed and modified by its followers in their endeavor to reflect the complicated reality of modern international economic relations and the economies' mutual influences in the best possible way. Those modifications and improvements were expressed in abandoning some simplifications taken in the original model, adding new assumptions (for example regarding the imperfectly competitive markets, intertemporal choice, asymmetry of information, imperfect capital mobility), combining the Keynesian short-term analysis with some elements of the long-term approach, launching the dynamic concepts, wide application of the advanced econometric methods (quantitative tools), etc. The crucial aspect of the presented issue is that the basis created by the Mundell-Fleming model can be found in the newest multi-aspectual models used for a broad analysis of the current global economy and forecasting its future trends like Multimod by IMF, INTERLINKOECDor the New Global Model OECD.


In January to February 1974, a total of 12 daytime sets of the further improved vertical long-line gear was made in the North Equatorial Current areas. Compared with the improved vertical long-line gear that had been used previously, there appeared to be no difference in the frequency of branch line fouling, and the time required to retrieve the gear was reduced by 11% per unit (one basket). Compared with the commercial long-line gear fished at the same time, there was no significant difference in the catch rates, but a highly significant difference was detected in the species composition of the catch. According to the 95% confidence intervals for ratio of occurrence of the species, this vertical long-line catch was significantly higher than the commercial long-line catch, in bigeye tuna, Tunnus obesus, only. It is indi-cated that this gear is effective in catching fish. The depth layer in which bigeye tuna were captured was below or near the vicinity of the bottom of the thermocline, where the tempera-ture ranged from 11°C to 15°C.


The purpose of this study was to examine the eating behaviour, food addiction and depression status in women with different body mass indexes. Participants included 951 adult women whose BMI ranged from 14.9 kg/m2 to 55.8 kg/m2. In the study, general characteristics of the participants and their eating habits were asked, their anthropometric measurements were requested, and the "Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ)", "Addiction-Like Eating Behaviour Scale (AEBS)" and "Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)" questions were asked. It was determined that the mean age of the participants was 31.4±7.7 years, and the body mass index of 53.0% was within the normal range. 86.6% of the participants stated that their emotional state affects their eating habits. A statistically significant correlation was determined between the DEBQ and its subscales, AEBS and BDI scores of BMI classes (F(4,914)=13.043; 36.234; 5.386; 36.505; 31.070; 15.388, p


Acquisition Device is the core of this system. Acquisition module is controlled by the Ground monitoring device, which is responsible for collecting 48 routes analog signal with different sampling rate, receiving digital signals transported by RS-422 (1 route), and transmitting acquired analog and digital signals to ground monitoring device for real-time monitoring. At the same time, after mixing and compiling frame, Acquisition module sends signals to the storage module in parallel way. The collected signals are analyzed by means of the date which is read out of the storage module. This acquisition and controlling system has been applied in the check of flight test in one flight vehicle.


Interfacial thermal transport of multi-walled carbon nanotube is explored by using T-type sensor. Reliable signals of heat flow through an individual nanotube were obtained. Estimated thermal boundary resistances between the end of CNT and solid surfaces do not show the clear dependency on material that has been predicted by the diffuse mismatch model treating graphite. This discrepancy is mainly due to the weak van der Waals force at the contact. The heat transfer coefficients of nanotube in gases were also measured by applying the T-type sensor and fin theory. Obtained results show good agreement with the kinetic theory for various gases but a large deviation was found for low pressure regime. Key-Words: Carbon Nanotube, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Contact Resistance, Defect, Hot-Film Sensor, MEMS, HRTEM


The objective of this study utilizes the residues of Siwei palm midrib to produce charcoal with satisfactory environmental, medical, and industrial applications. Choosing the Siwei palm midrib residues is based on its distribution all over Egypt and availability for Egyptian farmers. The study objective was achieved by passing with some steps. The first step prepared the samples, where used the Siwei palm midrib samples and then divided the Siwei palm midrib into five parts (top, middle, base, knee, and end), according to the dimension of the inner reactor. The second step is to design and manufactures a pyrolysis reactor (test rig) to produce charcoal. The third step is carbonization cycle process for the samples of Siwei palm midrib five parts with quantity for all part, where the carbonization cycle process steps according to food and agriculture organization (FAO) standard. The four-step is experimental analysis for ten samples of Siwei palm midrib five parts (row material before carbonization) and Siwei palm midrib five parts (after carbonization) in labs according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. The experimental analysis divided into proximate analysis such as (moisture content, ash content, volatility matter content, and fixed carbon content), ultimate analysis such as sulfur, and calorific value(also known as heating value or a specific value). Finally, after comparing the results of the experimental analysis for samples Siwei palm midrib parts (after carbonization) to FAO standard values. The potentiality of production of charcoal from Siwei palm midribs with satisfactory properties has been proven. The procedure charcoal is suitable for environmental, medical, and industrial applications. According to FAO, the best samples are the top part of palm midrib in Siwei, followed by the base, middle, knee, and end. The whole Siwei palm midrib could be utilized realizing the calorific value 88% of the FAO standard. The designed reactor in this work could serve as a model for the production of charcoal from palm midribs in the village conditions. Introduction The charcoal is the black carbon and ash residues, which come from animal or vegetation substances by removing water and volatile matter during slow heating in the absence of oxygen by pyrolysis process. Charcoal marketing shapes, the first lump charcoal is low ash, high calorific value, and ability to be used in many applications, the other briquette charcoal is high ash, medium calorific value, and ability to use in low energy applications. The charcoal applications are environmental, medical and industrial. The environmental applications are using the charcoal in soil amendment is considerably required, because it increases the carbon concentration in soil and reduces the emissions of green carbon gases. The medical applications with activated carbon mean that the carbon structure of the charcoal has a pore in low volume to do absorption of chemical substances. It acts as filters and has excellent health and medical benefits. The industrial applications have required the sulfur at low levels as much as possible to By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 11 (2019) 143-149 doi: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-9 144 avoid environmental effects, the ash content at high to realize the most significant energy consumption, the stable pore structure, and chemical compatibility. Almost smokeless, because of its low ash content and chemical stability. Experimental Procedures Siwei Palm Midribs Specimens were obtained from Al-Qayat Village, Menia governorate, Egypt. (Fig. 1) illustrates the different parts of palm midrib including: Palm end left on the palm after pruning, the knee (the bent part of the palm midrib), difficult to manufacture, and the three parts of the midrib: base, middle and top. Fig. 1 Parts of Siwei palm midrib The following test samples (Table1) have been sourced from Al-Qayat village, Menia Governorate, Egypt. Table 1 Quantity of items Item Quantity (kg)*


Lightweight authentication protocols in the RFID system are necessary because the channel between the tag and reader is not secure and the tag has very limited computation resources, memory and power. Many researchers have proposed some lightweight authentication protocols in order to provide some security properties, such as mutual authentication, untraceability etc. In this paper, we firstly analyze two lightweight authentication protocols, YA-TRAP and a 2-Pass optimistic anonymous RFID authentication protocol, and find their security drawbacks. Afterwards, we propose an enhanced 2- Pass optimistic anonymous RFID authentication protocol with forward security and analyze its property. The result indicates this protocol does not increase the tag's cost and computation amount. Moreover, it can provide mutual authentication, untraceability, forward security and protect from replay attack and desynchronization attack.


The project was carried, out in order to present to Eventos H.S. equine exhibitions company a planned and ordered solution for the implementation for the right execution on different fairs which they make, seeking to optimize the layout of spaces, places and resources that helps to improve logistic of such events.
This project started from the company accompaniment in different exhibitions, where events' failed execution was very noticeable. As a result of interviews with staff involved I know company's strengths and weaknesses in the process of the logistical organization in horse funfair. That information helps to get an accurate outcome by incorporating tools Industrial engineering, process analysis and financial studies known, allowing Eventos H.S. company implementing the logistics management system. Thus positive perception of the execution of the events is increased which, in time, it will generate a growth in demand for organizing in diverse events.


ABSTRAT: In recent development there has been great number of developments which reveal that some Police officers have been actively involved in a number of armed robberies in the country. There has been a report published on August 15/2013 from Ghana Myjoyonline.com, indicated that COP Prosper Agblor, Head of Criminal and Investigations Department of the Police Service berated the arrested officer for using his skills to harm society when it is meant to benefit it. He cautioned police officers to desist from such acts or face the full rigours of the law. Meanwhile, 108 officers have been dismissed from the Service between 2012 to June 2014, for various infractions. The management of the Service has also reduced the ranks of a 132 officers and 433 men and women are facing service enquiry. The study is to find out if criminal background is conducted on the new recruits before they are employed and if there is what method is being used, where the data about the individuals is gathered for the criminal background checks and which office under the Police service is responsible for the checking.


Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is characterized by progressive wasting of muscles for which the disease‐monitoring tools are still deficient.


Roberto Raddi, Ulrich Heber and Mark A Hollands describe how thermonuclear supernova survivors embark on a whole new life as they run away from the Milky Way.


Magnetic induction hyperthermia is one of the cancer therapies which uses magnetic materials for the destruction of neoplastic tissue under an alternating magnetic field. Magnetic field is not absorbed by the living tissue and can be applied to deep regions into the body. These magnetic materials can be implanted into the tumour and due to their specific properties, can generate heat under an external alternating magnetic field (usually by hysteresis loss and eddy current loss), destroying the cancer cells [1, 2]. This work is focused on the development of bioactive ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics containing antitumoral drugs for magnetic drug delivery.


Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Chamoecyparis lawsoniana was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Thirty-Five components, representing 99.4 % of the oil was characterized. The major components of the oil were terpinen-4-ol (22.0 %), sabinene (21.0 %), camphor (7.8 %), citronellol (7.3 %), γ-terpinene (7.0 %).


Carbon dioxide was copolymerized with propylene oxide (PO, 2-methyloxirane) in the presence of a catalyst system based on alkylmetal compounds (MtRn, Mt = Zn, Cd, Al) and pyrogallol (PG) at mole ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, respectively. The reaction was found to produce an alternating copolymer poly(propylene carbonate), [poly(oxycarbonyloxypropylene)], using Zn and Cd containing catalysts and non-alternating copolymers with Al containing catalysts. For the system ZnR2/PG (mole ratio 2 : 1), the most active system, the influence of substituents R at the zinc atom, as well as effects of solvents and complexing agents on the copolymer yield and intrinsic viscosity were investigated. The results are discussed in terms of an anionic coordinative copolymerization mechanism.


We provide combinatorial proofs of identities published by Alzer and Prodinger. These identities include that for integers b, n, and r with b ≥ 1 and n− 1 ≥ r ≥ 0 we have n−1 ∑ k=r ( k r 2n− k − 1 b− 1 ) = r ∑ k=0 ( r k 2n+ k 2r + b ) and for integers b, n, and r with b ≥ 0 and n− 1 ≥ r ≥ 0 we have


The users that used search engines are obligated to express their goals in few words queries. Sometimes search queries are ambiguous. Moreover, the users' intents are dynamically evolving. This paper analyzes the user's query logs to classify the related queries, the related intent topic categories and the related intent types and use this classification to dynamically predict the users' future queries, its intent topic and its intent type. AOL Search Query Log is taken as an experimental data set. Then use evaluation metrics to evaluate the prediction results.


The main vascular access for haemodialysis patients is the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). There is a high rate of early primary failure and loss of primary patency, therefore, vascular access monitoring is essential for the early diagnosis of complications and prolonging their survival.
 Our objective is to analyse the results of a consultation for the review and follow-up of AVFs using colour-Doppler ultrasound, performed by the nephrologist.

 Retrospective descriptive study of vascular ultrasounds performed from January 2019 to January 2021. Including clinical and demographic variables of the patients, as well as ultrasound parameters. Data from the Review group were compared; ultrasounds performed 3–4 weeks after performing vascular access; versus Dysfunction group; whose patients were referred from the advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) consultations or from the different dialysis centres upon detecting any data of suspected vascular access dysfunction.

 A total of 166 vascular ultrasounds were performed: 106 (64%) in the Review group and 60 (36%) in the Dysfunction of the AVF group.
 A higher proportion of women was found in the Dysfunction group and upper mean age, close to the significance, P = 0.06 and P = 0.059 respectively. No significant differences were found with respect to other demographic characteristics in both groups (hypertension, diabetes, anticoagulant treatment and aetiology of kidney disease).
 Regarding the type of vascular access, a lower proportion of radiocephalic AVFs was observed in the Revision group (65% versus 50%) and a greater number of elbow AVFs (humero cephalic, humero basilic and humero median) in the Dysfunction group (35% versus 50%) with differences close to significance, P = 0.057.
 In the Review group, in 70.8% the findings were normal, in 24.5% lack of development was found, thrombosis in 9.4%, stenosis 6.6%, aneurysm 6%, oedema 17% and haematoma 6.6%. A 43% of the patients did not require to implement measures, in 42% exercise was recommended, in 6% repose of the AVF and 6 patients were requested fistulography and 3 were referred to cardiovascular surgery (CCV).
 In the Access Dysfunction group, the ultrasound diagnosis was normal in 28%, thrombosis was objective in 25%, stenosis 37%, aneurysm 42%, oedema 17%, haematoma 22%. 37% were referred for fistulography and 15% for revision by CCV.
 Regarding the ultrasound parameters, significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in terms of AVF flow, proximal and distal resistance index and vein calibre, but not in terms of vein depth and anastomosis diameter.
 A total of 28 fistulograms were performed, finding 86% agreement with the ultrasound findings. And in 93% the intervention was successful. Only 24% of the patients referred to the consultation required some type of intervention, and up to 65% were able to save the AVF, avoiding the realization of a new vascular access.

 The systematic review after performing the vascular access made it possible to diagnose complications early and allow early intervention. It might be necessary to establish predictive criteria for vascular access dysfunction to individualize the follow-up for each patient, such as age, sex, or type of vascular access.
 Systematized vascular ultrasound by the nephrologist is very useful to preserve the functionality of the vascular access. On the other hand, the Vascular Nephrodiagnosis Consultation can avoid performing invasive and unnecessary procedures for the patient.


Property in production goods in economics is characterized from various ideological and cognitive points. The paper considers categories of materialist dialectics, analysis and synthesis, internal contradiction, conflict of opposites, ascent principles from abstract to concrete, historical and logical principles as the most important forms of thinking in cognition of processes concerning origin, formation and developed state of property in production goods.


The reactions of (4-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (1a) and of (2,6-dimethylphenyl)boronic acid (1b) with (PMe(3))(3)Rh-(OC(6)H(4)Me-4) (2) in a 5:1 molar ratio result in the formation of cationic rhodium complexes with new tetraarylpentaborates [Rh(PMe(3))(4)](+)[B(5)O(6)Ar(4)](-) (3a, Ar = C(6)H(4)OMe-4; 3b, Ar = C(6)H(3)Me(2)-2,6). The characterization of 3a is as follows: orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 14.7600(5) A, b = 17.1675(5) A, c = 19.8654(5) A; V = 5033.7(3) A(3); Z = 4. The characterization of 3b is as follows: orthorhombic space group Pnma, a = 23.704(6) A, b = 17.254(8) A, c = 13.304(2) A; V = 5441(2) A(3); Z = 4. An intermediate complex, [Rh(PMe(3))(4)](+)[Ph(3)B(3)O(3)(OC(6)H(4)Me-4)](-) (4), was isolated from the reaction of phenylboroxine, (PhBO)(3), with 2. The tetraarylpentaborates smoothly undergo hydrolysis to give [Rh(PMe(3))(4)](+)[B(5)O(6)(OH)(4)](-) (5).


This paper explores how Filipino men, especially the undocumented who work in domestic labor, define themselves and their rights in relation to their work and gender roles in terms of their own masculinity. My interest in this study is to explore gender and other relevant dimensions (example, legal status) of how male undocumented domestic workers see themselves. Work and work-related networks are one of the main important practices we have in our daily lives and often involve quite a sharp gender division of roles. It is clear that the kind of work people do contributes to producing their social identities, through a combination of gender identity, class, nationalism and citizenship status among others. The study was based on both formal and informal interviews with twelve people, five women and seven men. Observation was also part of the method, and the key finding was that Filipino male domestic workers tend to define themselves in three inter-related ways: (i) First, they explain their 'feminine' job through their undocumented status. (ii) Second, they define themselves as family breadwinners and 'providers' in spite of domestic work being their main occupation. Finally (iii) the informants tended to take pride in their shared Filipino culture, although they felt this aspect of their identity was limited by their lack of legal status. Overall, the study seeks to contribute to current knowledge about vulnerable masculinities in European societies, especially of migrants. It highlights the complex elements that contribute to a socially constructed set of masculine identities.


This paper presents an object‐oriented approach for the specification of graphical user interfaces. Specification starts with the analysis of the end user's operations. The user interface is then designed on the basis of this analysis. Operation analysis is followed by structure and component specification which presents the dialogue structure of the application and the contents of each dialogue. Visualization produces the final screen layouts, and task specification documents the usage of the user interface for the purpose of creating user's guides.


We report on TRUMPF´s ultrafast laser systems equipped with industrialized hollow core fiber laser light cables. Beam guidance in general by means of optical fibers, e.g. for multi kilowatt cw laser systems, has become an integral part of laser-based material processing. One advantage of fiber delivery, among others, is the mechanical separation between laser and processing head. An equally important benefit is given by the fact that the fiber end acts as an opto-mechanical fix-point close to successive optical elements in the processing head. Components like lenses, diffractive optical elements etc. can thus be designed towards higher efficiency which results in better material processing. These aspects gain increasing significance when the laser system operates in fundamental mode which is usually the case for ultrafast lasers. Through the last years beam guidance of ultrafast laser pulses by means of hollow core fiber technology established very rapidly. The combination of TRUMPF´s long-term stable ultrafast laser sources, passive fiber coupling, connector and packaging forms a flexible and powerful system for laser based material processing well suited for an industrial environment. In this article we demonstrate common material processing applications with ultrafast lasers realized with TRUMPF´s hollow core fiber delivery. The experimental results are contrasted and evaluated against conventional free space propagation in order to illustrate the performance of flexible ultrafast beam delivery.


For many applications it is vital that radars are well-calibrated and that they are in operation continuously. This requires that the radar is frequently calibrated, but also that its performance is monitored. Because there are many parts of a radar system that can cause either miscalibration or malfunction, it is necessary to monitor several variables in order to be able to determine which of these parts is causing this. A suite of tools that provides information about multiple variables related to radar performance is presented. This suite includes (1) solar monitoring, (2) transmitted power monitoring, (3) monitoring of stable clutter returns, (4) short-range anomaly monitoring, and (5) effectivity of clutter filter monitoring. Typical cases of malfunctioning radar components are presented to show the usefulness of this monitoring tool.


Abstract Previous research that has examined the association between parental physical activity behaviour and physical self-concept in children and adolescents has found inconsistent relationships. This study examined whether perceived parental physical activity practice contributed to the explanation of physical self-concept in adolescents based on the anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness status of the adolescent participants. One thousand and nineteen compulsory education students participated in the study (M = 14.14 years). Beyond the influence of gender, age, body mass index, and physical fitness status, perceived past parental physical activity levels, general support and guiding support explained physical activity self-concept, perceived sport competence and resistance. It is concluded that instrumental and guiding support are positively related to adolescents' physical self-concept. A higher physical self-concept could increase the practice of physical activity and decrease its early dropout at these ages.


The research entitled Improving Students Writing Skill Through Hands On Activity Method In Class 3 SDN 1 Sukaraja Sukabumi was motivated by the decrease of children's ability in writing due to the lack of teacher's attention to students' writing ability. In addition, learning strategies used by teachers are still there weaknesses and shortcomings. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method by comparing the learning outcomes of children before and after treatment. This research was conducted at SDN 1Sukaraja in Sukabumi area. The result of this research is the increase of children writing ability as much as 73%. It can be said that Hands On Activity method can help improve the literacy ability of children especially in writing ability


Objective
To evaluate the difference in assessment of the American College Radiology thyroid imaging-reporting and data system score between a computer-aided diagnostic system (Am CAD-UT Dection) and radiologists and to discuss its value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules on ultrasound.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 194 patients with thyroid nodules at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between May 2015 and October 2016. Only one nodule was chosen in a patient and was proven by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology or thyroidectomy. A senior radiologist with 16 years of working experience and a junior radiologist with 4 years of working experience assessed the five major ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules including composition, echogenicity, shape, margin and echogenic foci separately, while the CAD system analyzed the same thyroid nodules automatically based on the ACR standard.

Results
The CAD system showed a similar performance to the senior radiologist (P=0.335) but performed better than the junior radiologist (P<0.001). Using TR5 as the diagnostic standard for malignancy, the CAD system was significantly consistent with the senior doctor in sensitivity (84.62% vs 86.54%, P=0.815) but was better than the junior doctor without a significant difference (84.62% vs 73.08%, P=0.052). The specificity of the CAD system was lower than those of the above two radiologists (65.56% vs 87.78%, 82.22%, P<0.01).

Conclusion
The CAD system exhibits a higher sensitivity but lower specificity and diagnostic performance than radiologist-based clinical assessments in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Key words:
Computer-aided diagnosis; Ultrasound; Thyroid nodule


In November 2011, various artifacts were excavated from the No. 8 stone-lined tomb in Suchon-ri, Gongju by the Chungnam Institute of History and Culture. These included artifacts with lacquered mainframe and silvery metal ornament. These were recovered together with soil and underwent conservation treatment. In this paper, we discuss the scientific analysis and conservation treatment of the lacquered artifacts excavated from the Suchon-ri site. Among our findings is that the artifacts have three layers of lacquer coating and the metal parts are primarily composed of Ag. As the artifacts were recovered with soil from the site, the soil was removed from underneath and inside the artifacts. The inside of the lacquerware was reinforced with rayon paper using 3% funori, and the metal was treated with acrylic resin after removing the acrylic resin previously used to recover the artifact, followed by cleaning. The metal was also internally reinforced with gauze. Finally, the interior reinforcement was made using PVA and resin in pulp and attached with funori to preserve the shape of the lacquerware, and the exposed rayon was finished with acrylic paint. The main advantages of this study are its review of conservation treatment strategies for lacquer artifacts whose numbers have recently increased, and the application of new conservation treatment methods.


AbstractThis paper is the first in a series presenting engineering data sets that successfully supported the permit approval process in a US midwestern state bordering the Great Lakes to use air-co...


Although surface-based analysis has become a standard tool in neuroimaging, existing surface reconstruction software is not fully general. For example, reconstruction of only a portion of the brain surface is not possible with existing tools, which make many restrictive problem-domain assumptions. Applications in which hand-tracing is the only reliable way of identifying tissue boundaries require new methods for surface reconstruction. Here, we present a set of software tools for creating surface representations from arbitrary image data. These tools provide a user interface designed to ease the process of hand-tracing brain structures of interest. A novel algorithm for surface reconstruction was developed to convert the hand-traced slice contour representation into a triangular mesh surface representation. Since hand identification of brain structures is laborious, we provided a user interface that addresses a range of editing requirements typical of this process. The intersection of the object surface with each slice image is traced, yielding a set of slice contours comprised of vertices with real-valued coordinates. The contour vertices need not be uniformly spaced, and can therefore sample the tissue of interest adaptively with its curvature. Since sub-surfaces are valid input, contours can be open or closed. Contour tracing is preferred over voxel labeling since tracing requires fewer locations on the object surface to be identified by the user. Tracing speed is increased by automatically timed contour vertex placement, allowing the user to quickly trace a feature while matching the density of contour vertices to curvature. Tracings of convoluted surfaces such as the brain can exhibit multiple contours in each slice, even when the surface is simply connected in three-dimensions. Thus, each slice may contain an arbitrary number of open or closed contours. Our algorithm for surface reconstruction establishes correspondence between contours on adjacent slices via a heuristic that matches location and shape to identify locations where the object branches between slices. The minimal area surface is fit between each pair of corresponding contours using a graph search technique on the space of potential surface edges to find the optimal set. Finally, the surface between each pair of contours is concatenated to form an entire surface representation. Other algorithms for surface reconstruction from slice contours, such as Delaunay-based methods [1], are unable to reconstruct brain sub-surfaces. Reconstruction of partial brain surfaces is important when imaging data of the entire brain is unavailable, as in many histological section datasets, or when automatic segmentation is not possible and manual methods are required. In this case, the amount of hand-tracing can be minimized by reconstructing only the structures of interest. The software developed for hand identification and surface reconstruction of brain structures is available at http://eslab.bu.edu/software. Examples of cortical reconstructions from MR data and histological sections in human and other species will be presented.


Providing does everything in one's power to help is a responsibility we have for others.This paper starts from Kant's categorical imperative,"help others"argument is not based on sensible principle in interest for in the accident,but as it shared necessity condition dependent on rational behavior.This kind of certainty that we have a rational ability to provide help,also make us get the community membership.


Excessive and compulsive exercise is a common behavior of eating disorder patients, especially those who are underweight. It interacts with eating disorder psychopathology by maintaining the eating disorder. Moreover, it may result in over-use injuries and can potentially interfere with weight gain for underweight patients. This lesson will clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the evaluation and treatment of eating disorder patients with this distinctive clinical feature. A cardinal feature of the eating disorders is exercise. In this lesson, the author discusses excessive and compulsive exercise within the context of the eating disorders. He begins with helpful definitions of excessive and compulsive exercise. The lesson then reviews the consequences and treatment outcomes of exercise in eating disordered people. The lesson ends with a succinct summary of the salient aspects of a thorough assessment and management of excessive and compulsive exercise behavior. The procedures and strategies to manage exercise in eating disordered people as outlined are particularly helpful to clinicians. —P.H. Publication Date: November 2008 273 Editor's Note Directions in Psychiatry Volume 28 • Lesson 21


The effects of hair dressing effluent on soil chemical properties, germination and growth of maize and cowpea were investigated in pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design of 3 effluent treatments (100 ml, 200 ml and 400 ml) and control with 5 replications at University of Port Harcourt Centre for Ecological Studies. Results showed that pH ranged between 6.8±0.2 – 7.5±0.4 for both control and treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 1.56±0.4% in control to 1.95±0.09 - 2.55±0.05% in treatments. Oil and grease increased from 24.20±2.64 ppm in control to 48.70±4.10 - 129.80±3.00 ppm in treatments. Germination percentage were 98% and 48% in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 84 – 88% and 12 – 32% in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Shoot lengths were 27.6±5.8 cm and 20.4±1.4 cm in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 29.1±4.1 – 32.2±1.0 cm and 18.5±1.7 – 19.8±7.8 cm in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Fresh weights were 100.4±7.5 g and 52.3±8.7 g in control for maize and cowpea respectively while it ranged between 97.8±2.9 g – 111.0±6.4 g and 42.0±5.1 – 58.2±4.0 g in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. In conclusion, hair dressing effluent had no effect on soil pH but increased soil TOC and O & G. It had no effect on germination percentage of maize but reduced it in cowpea and no significant effects on shoot length and biomass accumulation of the test crops. Keywords: Effluent; Soil; Maize; Cowpea; Growth, irrigation


This study investigated the effects of forsythiaside on the acute inflammatory response induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in liver of broiler chickens. Fifteen-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20 for each group, orally treated with 0, 30, or 60 mg/kg BW of forsythiaside) for 7 days. At 21 days of age, the chickens were intravenously injected with either LPS (200 μg/kg BW) or sterile saline (200 μg/kg BW, control group). All the chickens were humanely euthanized by cervical dislocation 2 h after the LPS injection. The results showed that the injection of LPS induced some indexes, including total proteins, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production (P < 0.05) and increased the mRNA expression of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (LITAF), IL-1β, IL-17, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P < 0.05). Forsythiaside supplementation alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of total proteins, NO, LITAF, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-6 and down-regulating the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In conclusion, forsythiaside is a potential treatment for LPS-induced liver acute inflammation in chicken.


In this paper thyreophoran and theropod footprints contained in two of four new sites found in Ansous are described. In one of the sites there are also preserved sauropod tracks. Although there have been cited three other references to thyreophoran footprints in Morocco, this is the first of such quadrupedal footprints from the Lower Jurassic age (Pliensbachian) in the country. We provide biomorphic and morphometric data of booth footprint types (theropod and thyreophoran). The assignation is made by the biomorphic characters of the ichnites and the age of the rocks on which the sites are placed. We recommend continuing to explore in this area due to its exceptional potential of dinosaur palaeoichnology.


On the basis of electromagnetic field theory and magnetic energy storage,the secondary edge equivalent airgap and edge leakage of high speed line induction motor (LIM) were presented. The characteristic of this type of machine was analyzed by using of the equivalent circuit considering secondary edge leakage. Then three-dimensional field analysis by Maxwell 3D software was used to predict electromagnetic force. The prototype machine is designed and experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the formulas.


A reconfigurable and wideband photonic method is proposed for microwave photonic harmonic down-conversion based on cascaded four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The cascaded four-wave mixing in SOA triggers high-order harmonics generation of local oscillator (LO) in the optical domain, and enables microwave down-conversion in the electrical domain with a low-frequency electrical LO. Compared with the conventional photonic method, ours allows microwave down-conversion operation for wide frequency range RF signal with a low-frequency electrical LO, and at the same time it avoids the requirement of complex phase control and heavy driving for the electrical LO. Moreover, it enables reconfigurable down-conversion with frequency tunability. In the demonstration, the 3∼40 GHz RF signals are experimentally down-converted to IF signals below 2 GHz with a low-frequency electrical LO within the range of 5 GHz.


This paper examined the relationship between aggression and youth restiveness in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions and one null hypothesis. An instrument developed by Garcia-Leon (2002) was adopted and used to collect data. The data gathered through the questionnaire were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The result of the analysis showed that aggression is prevalent among the students and their level of restiveness is very high. The male students appear to be more aggressive than their female counterparts. Both male and female students exhibit aggressive behaviour very often in their relationship with one another. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers suggested that teachers and counselors should use behaviour modification techniques in handling students' aggression and this will make them to be less restive. The study concludes that aggression and youth restiveness disrupts effective teaching and learning and therefore should be jointly delt by all stakeholders in the education industry. ©Emerging Academy Resources


Every Child Matters, the Children Act and the 'Change for Children' programme all have at their heart a set of five outcomes for children. These have been drawn from what children and young people themselves have said they want for their future.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Color, Coverage and Caries (CCC) evaluation system and Simonsen's criteria in assessing the retention of pit and fissure sealants. Materials and Method: Sixty children with the age group of 6-8 years were chosen for a split mouth randomized clinical trial. Permanent mandibular first molars on either side were treated with 37% phosphoric acid [Vococid (VoCo)] followed by the application of a resin-based sealant [Clinpro TM 3M ESPE, USA]. The teeth were then evaluated on one side with CCC evaluation system and the other side with Simonsen's criteria at a period of six, twelve and eighteen months respectively. The results were calculated, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21 software (IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM Japan, Tokyo, Japan). On the basis of categorical scores given to retention of sealants, Pearsons Chi-square test was used for analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Complete retention was found in 86.7%, 80% and 71.7% of the subjects at the end of six, twelve and eighteen months respectively using CCC evaluation system. Sealant covering more than 50% was found in 10%, 11.7% and 13.3% at the similar recall intervals respectively whereas sealant was missing in only 1.7% and 6.7% at the end of 12 and eighteen months respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). When the sealants were evaluated using the Simonsen's criteria, it was observed that complete retention were seen in 85%, 76.7% and 70% of the children at the end of six, twelve and eighteen months respectively. Partial retention of sealants was observed in 15%, 21.7% and 23.3% of subjects at the end of six, twelve and eighteen months respectively. This difference was not significant (p>0.05). Almost similar results were obtained when both CCC evaluation system and Simonsen's criteria were compared. Conclusion: This study concluded that CCC evaluation system appears to be a convenient method for use to evaluate sealed surfaces and provides a flexible tool for the clinician, researcher and academics. However, Simonsen's criteria is also a simple method to assess retention of sealants as it records the presence or absence of sealants in the occlusal surfaces.