Drug use is one of the non-constructive ways of coping. Even if initial- ly it brings about some benefits (eg. releases from painful self reflection, lets one avoid fear of reality) it eventually leads to self-destruction. The original source of drug addicts' problems is a lack of contact with others, often a lack of emotional relations within a family. Using drugs may fulfill this need of contact, but at the same time an individual deprives oneself of the possibilities of changing one's situation or improvement of relations with others (lack of support). The recovered drug addicts wonder whether they will manage after returning to their environment (that indirectly has contributed to their problem). The specifics of the situation of persons ending the therapy, a number of factors that may make it difficult for them to adapt to life encourage taking a closer look at coping strategies applied by the persons. It is especially important because relapses are frequent in case of drug addicts who ended the therapy. In search of the most efficient methods of drug addiction treatment researchers concentrate their efforts upon finding factors hel- ping long-term abstinence. The insofar research results show that apart from perso- nality variables, abilities of constructive coping with stress play a significant role. In coping with stress social support plays an important role. It is significant for an individual's feeling of happiness, self esteem, it may also influence a state of health and a general satisfaction with life. And a lack of feeling of support may make it difficult to constructively cope with stress. In the presented work the main empha- sis has been put upon a level of support received by drug addicts who ended the


The present study investigated how well university students of non-English majors could interpret conversational implicatures in English.It was found that although non-English majors' ability to interpret English conversational implicatures varied greatly,there was no significant group difference between students of sciences and those of liberal arts in this regard.Besides,statistical results indicated no significant correlation between the students' English course scores and their implicature comprehension test scores,but qualitative data revealed that students' lack of vocabulary knowledge was one of the major obstacles to successful interpretation along with unawareness of certain social cultural differences and unfamiliarity with a particular type of English conversational implicature.


Objective To analyze the peritoneal transport of serum proteins during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with icodextrin. Design A comparison was made between CAPD with glucose-based dialysate and, in the same patients, 4 weeks after the instillation of icodextrin for the long night dwell, with icodextrin-based dialysate. Patients Ten stable CAPD patients, who participated in a large randomized multicenter study comparing icodextrin with glucose-based dialysate. Five patients used glucose 1.5% dialysate for the night dwell before its replacement by icodextrin (good ultrafiltration group), and 5 used glucose 4.25% (poor ultrafiltration group). Results The clearance of β2-microglobulin increased by 28% on icodextrin, due to increased convective transport. The clearances of the larger proteins -albumin, IgG, fibronectin, and α2-macroglobulin -remained unaltered, indicating transport of these proteins across the large pore system. The patients with poor ultrafiltration had a higher β2-microglobulin clearance on glucosebased dialysate than the high ultrafiltration group. This indicates that the ultrafiltration failure was caused by a large effective peritoneal surface area, leading to a rapid absorption of glucose. Icodextrin produced significantly more ultrafiltration in the poor ultrafiltration patients than in the high ultrafiltration group. A correlation was found for the β2-microglobulin clearance on glucose-based dialysate and the ultrafiltration produced by icodextrin. Conclusions Icodextrin causes ultrafiltration through the small pore system, whereas glucose-based dialysate has its effect on transcellular water transport. Therefore, the use of icodextrin causes an increased clearance of β2 microglobulin, but not of larger proteins. Icodextrin was especially useful in patients with a large effective surface area leading to ultrafiltration failure during treatment with glucose-based dialysate.


The onjectives of this research are to know and analise mathematics problem solving student ability on  Senior High School in Kabupaten Bandung Barat toward SPLKDV materials. The methode of this research are descriptive qualitative. This reserch conducted on 22nd November 2018 in the one of Senior High School in Kabupaten Bandung Barat with the sampel 27 students. Mathematic problem solving ability on Senior High School in Kabupaten Bandung Barat tough SPLKDV materials is 50,92% or middle category.


The invention provides a method for preparing chabazite and a chabazite film in the absence of a template agent. Pure chabazite is formed through induction of out-of-phase crystal nucleus T-shaped zeolite under the condition of not adding an organic template agent. The chabazite molecular sieve film is formed through induction by loading formed chabazite on the outer surface of a porous support as a crystal seed. The method is characterized in that: silicon powder and sodium metaaluminate are used as a silicon source and an aluminum source; based on the molar ratio of oxides, the ratios of components which are prepared into sol are that: the molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 is equal to 15-30, the molar ratio of OH to SiO2 is equal to 0.9-1.5, the molar ratio of Na to K is equal to 0.1-1, and the molar ratio of H2O to SiO2 is equal to 18-40; the sol for coating the crystal seed is subjected to hydrothermal synthesis at the temperature of 100-160 DEG C for 16-72 hours; and a compact chabazite film is synthesized on a porous carrier. Through the method for preparing the chabazite and the chabazite film, the expensive organic template agent is prevented from being added, the synthesis process is simple, and the repeatability is high. The synthesized film shows better stability in an inspection acid medium and can be widely applied to a pervaporation separation process and a pervaporation film reactor of an acidic system.


This article critically reviews issues and challenges facing population ageing in Korea, focusing on productivity change, economic growth, and old-age income security. To that end, trends and prospects of population ageing in Korea are first presented and, then, their impacts on economic growth, employment of the old-aged, and old-age income security are discussed. Policy measures and initiatives need to cope with the challenges are discussed to conclude the paper.


Abstract Flagship urban design projects are increasingly employed by governments to achieve global recognition. Despite the political value placed upon and significant economic investment in flagship urban design projects, measuring their success and failure is extremely subjective. This research engages with this challenge though a critical analysis of the Rundle Convergence Project. Initiated by the City of Adelaide in 2006, this project sought to reinvigorate a drab intersection in the heart of Adelaide, South Australia. Touted alternatively as Adelaide's Piccadilly Circus or Times Square, the Rundle Convergence Project promised much. However, arguably little has been realized in the intervening decade. Drawing on textual analysis of policy documents, landscape analysis and semi-structured interviews with key professionals and local government elected members involved with the Rundle Convergence Project, this research explores the successful and unsuccessful elements of flagship urban design projects in determining project outcomes. Tracing the Rundle Convergence Project's conceptualization and development highlights the importance of appropriate contextualization and reveals the influence that individual vision, personal/political agendas and political cycles hold for the success or otherwise of flagship urban design projects. The paper concludes with a series of proposals in order to avoid the pitfalls and issues that bedevilled the Rundle Convergence Project.


The article discusses the mechanism of network distribution of collective responsibility on the basis of the formulated principles of the Education Science Manufacturing (ESM) quality model, provides examples of the implementation of elements of network interaction with production through surveys of employers through design and educational programs evaluation systems.


This study describes an analytical method employing capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization detection (FID) that has been developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorobenzenes (m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB), p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB)) in wastewater. For this purpose, single-drop microextraction (SDME) was applied as a sample preparation technique. The SDME parameters such as types of extractants, volume of the microdroplet size, extraction time, stir rate and immersion depth of needle point were studyed and optimized. The method was linear in the ranges from 4.0×10-3 to 40.0 μg·mL-1 for m-DCB, p-DCB and o-DCB, and 4.0×10-3 to 30.0 μg·mL-1 for 1,2,4-TCB with R2≥ 0.9955. The SDME procedure allowed efficient recovery of the investigated chlorobenzenes ranging between 80 % and 105 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤6.5 for actual wastewater sampes spiked with 2, 5 and 10 μg·mL-1 of chlorobenzes, respectively. These results showed the potential of this technique for chlorobenzenes monitoring in wastewater samples. Furthermore, the investigated methods are simple, reliable, reproducible, and not expensive.


Content-Based Multimedia Information Retrieval (CBMIR) systems which leverage multiple retrieval experts (En) often employ a weighting scheme when combining expert results through data fusion. Typically however a query will comprise multiple query images (Im) leading to potentially N × M weights to be assigned. Because of the large number of potential weights, existing approaches impose a hierarchy for data fusion, such as uniformly combining query image results from a single retrieval expert into a single list and then weighting the results of each expert. In this paper we will demonstrate that this approach is sub-optimal and leads to the poor state of CBMIR performance in benchmarking evaluations. We utilize an optimization method known as Coordinate Ascent to discover the optimal set of weights (|En| ⋅ |Im|) which demonstrates a dramatic difference between known results and the theoretical maximum. We find that imposing common combinatorial hierarchies for data fusion will half the optimal performance that can be achieved. By examining the optimal weight sets at the topic level, we observe that approximately 15% of the weights (from set |En| ⋅ |Im|) for any given query, are assigned 70%-82% of the total weight mass for that topic. Furthermore we discover that the ideal distribution of weights follows a log-normal distribution. We find that we can achieve up to 88% of the performance of fully optimized query using just these 15% of the weights. Our investigation was conducted on TRECVID evaluations 2003 to 2007 inclusive and ImageCLEFPhoto 2007, totalling 181 search topics optimized over a combined collection size of 661,213 images and 1,594 topic images.


Objective To search systematically for chromosomal regions containing genes that regulate bone mineral density(BMD),we scanned the entire autosomal genome among 218 individuals from 96 nuclear families collected from Anqing. Methods\ 367 microsatellite polymorphic markers were genotyped by using fluorescein labelled primer,and forearm BMD was measured by pDXA. Results\ Linkage analysis showed the evidences of linkage between markers D2S2141,D2S1400,D2S405,D13S788 and D13S800 and forearm BMD. Conclusion\ A couple of chromosome 2 and 13 regions may be linked to the adjusted forearm BMD in the Chinese population.


Rabbit thyroglobulin was partially digested with papain. Low molecular size fragments were separated by gel filtration and injected intravenously into rabbits. Circulating thyroid-specific antibodies appeared, as demonstrated by tanned cell hemagglutination, precipitation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Lymphocytic and monocytic infiltrates were demonstrated in the rabbits' thyroid glands. Antisera to papain-treated thyroglobulin reacted more strongly with the papain-treated antigen, in contrast to rabbits immunized with untreated thyroid antigen. On analysis by precipitation in gel, the papain-treated preparation showed at least two additional precipitating components that gave reactions of partial identity in intact thyroglobulin. Papain-generated rabbit thyroglobulin fragments serve as effective immunogens in the same species following intravenous injection without adjuvant.


Aims The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are physical health disparities between children who live in the inner city compared with children living in the suburbs. Questions: How much difference is there in how physically active children are in the inner city compared to suburbs and what medical health disparities exist between children living in the inner city and children living in the suburbs? Our hypothesis is that suburban children suffer less negative health risks and may get more positive health stimulus than inner city children and thus the suburban children have a better physical health. Method The design of this study is a comparative analytical study; we compare two different groups of schoolchildren in Stockholm, Sweden who are exposed to different conditions. We have chosen to conduct surveys that allow us to collect a large amount of data in a limited period of time. The survey was conducted on 227 fifth grade students at five schools, three in suburban areas and two in the inner city. We have selected schools in areas that do not have excessive differences in income levels. The primary factor that distinguishes the schools is their surrounding environment, mainly air quality and access to green spaces. Results The study showed that the percentage of children who are physically active in their leisure time with the leaders is 73% in the inner city and 85% in the suburbs. The percentage of children who are physically active in their leisure time without leaders is 54% in the inner city and 79% in the suburbs. The prevalence of allergy is in the inner city is 22%, the equivalent value in the suburbs is 12%. Corresponding results for asthma in the inner city is 11%, the equivalent value in the suburbs is 5%. Otherwise, the differences were small or nonexistent. Conclusion There are health disparities between the suburban and inner city children who participated in our survey. The difference lies in how physically active children are, especially when it comes to spontaneous physical activity. There is also reason to believe that the suburban environment prevents development of asthma and allergy.


The antibacterial and antiparasitic activities of 5-nitro-2-substituted furans have been well documented over the past 40 years.Furapromideand furapyrimidone are noted as antischistosomal and antifilarial,respectively.In order to search for more potent drugs and gain important insight intostructure-activity relationship,a number of 3-or/and 4-substituted furan deriva-tives have been synthesized for screening.The results exhibited that they possessa various extent of antibacterial and antiparasitic activities.A preliminarymechanism was discussed.


Background. We relevance of this article is primarily due to the fact that the potential of artistic development of children is greatly underestimated in pedagogical practice. We authors presume that a person is initially giXed with "inner activity of the soul" (V.V. Zenkovsky) — the creative potential in some general, non-specialized form — and the desire to actualize it in life. From this perspective, the child is considered as a creative being by nature, as a carrier of the creative potential, oXen manifested as artistic creativity. Objective. We authors strive to draw attention to various prerequisites of artistic development, which children of sensitive age are endowed with. At the same time, two aspects of artistic giXedness diYer: individual and age-wide or generic. We article discusses the latter. Results. Psychological prerequisites associated with the recognized achievements of children from senior preschool to primary school age in various types of artistic creativity are considered. Wese prerequisites include the so-called children's animism, understood as a willingness to treat everything in the world as living and related to oneself. Artistic creativity is also associated with interest and emotional responsiveness to a variety of sensory impressions, which are much less typical for older age. SpeciZcs of children's imagination — the ability to directly express feelings in a Zgurative form — is regarded as another psychological prerequisite for achievements in artistic creativity. We main focus of the work is on children's play as an early form of creative potential manifestation, in which the child's readiness for productive artistic creativity develops. From this point of view, the stages of the development of children's play are consistently considered. At each of the stages a special kind of prerequisites for future artistic creativity is formed. Wese stages include a subject game, a plot-role-playing game, a dramatization game, and a "lonely" director's game, psychologically the closest to the real work of an artist-author. For each stage, recommendations are given concerning the participation of an adult in the child's game. Moreover, the most productive or, on the contrary, undesirable forms of adult participation are described from the perspective of the child's artistic development. Conclusions. We materials of the article allow us to assert that a full gaming experience is an important condition for the successful artistic development of a child. We task of an adult participant in the game is to meet the child's play initiative, contributing to its fullest expression in cultural forms.


CURRENT ISSUES facing abstracting and indexing services serving scientists in biology, medicine, and agriculture bring into sharp focus the pressures which result from accelerating needs and from the impact of contemporary technology on document preparation and control. Nonetheless, the patterns of publication of scientific literature which we may describe today have been shaped during the past two hundred years, The eighteenth century saw the introduction of primary journals and the nineteenth century the introduction of secondary announcement media, In data graphed by Conrad,l the ratio between primary journals and abstracting services has decreased steadily during the twentieth century. The demand appears to be rising for correlations and selected announcements of portions of a given body of primary sources, and this demand can be met only by an increasing variety of abstracting and indexing services. One of the factors behind the creation and growth of such services is the interdisciplinary nature of scientific research and technological development. There is a growing interdependence between those doing research in the life sciences and those working in the physical sciences and mathematics.


As a kind of social culture phenomen,the religion is the spiritual resources which cannot be substituted in the harmonious society.In the process of constructing harmonious society,the religion may display specific positive functions,for example,the social conformity function,which promotes society's stability;moral enlightenment function,which promotes the faith and friendly of society;the psychological adjustment function,which promotes people's psychology to be harmonious;cultural function,which promotes the construction of harmonious culture.


The bits' and bit cones' angular velocities are variable with time. All published papers on cone bit kinematics, however, are based on the supposition that the motions of cones are uniform. This supposition, therefore, has been the main obstacle to determining the objective law of the working cone bit. The apparatus, methods, and tests results for measuring the bit and cone instantaneous angular velocities are described. A new theoretical analysis of cone bit motion is proposed and some interesting new conclusions are obtained that will help designers and users of cone bits.


With the developing of sports,the sports industry booms.As the old industry base,Heilongjiang province show its integrative strength in this opportunity.The sports industry developing need more and more talents.The paper has a research on the developing countermeasure of sports industry talents in Heilongjiang province and puts forward some advice for sports industry developing in Heilongjiang province.


Based on the integrated study on the source rocks,expulsion driving force,vertical migration pathway,and reservoir of Anda Depression in the northern part of Songliao Basin,this paper identifies the main controlling factors of mid-shallow layers' hydrocarbon accumulation and achieves a big exploration breakthrough of Anda Depression.This study reaches four conclusions as follows:1.The maturity of source rocks is the most important controlling factor of hydrocarbon accumulation and it determines the distribution and scale of the mid-shallow oil pools;2.The overpressure of the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation in the mature source rocks is the main controlling factor of hydrocarbon accumulation of the 4th member of Quantou Formation;3.As for the Qingshankou Formation,the vertical migration pathway is the basis of the hydrocarbon accumulation and the developing level of the 2nd and 3rd reservoir of Qingshankou Formation is the key factor of hydrocarbon accumulation;4.The relatively low maturity (the Ro of most Anda Depression is less than 0.9%) and thin thickness (the thickness of most Anda Depression is less than 80 m) of source rocks result in the relatively low generating hydrocarbon potential,which may control the hydrocarbon accumulation of Yaojia Formation.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the role played by reading as formative condition in the first thousand days of life. Supported by educational research, cognitive psychology, neurosciences and brain research, it is intended to highlight that reading, in particular reading children's book (fairy tales, stories, picture books and wordless books), is not merely a pleasant pastime, but an indispensable condition for young child's intellectual, emotional and social maturation.


Two general formulations for the spatial-model identification of structures are presented. The methods are based either upon the knowledge of the FRF matrix and the derivatives of its diagonal entries (i.e., driving points) with respect to the angular frequency, or upon the knowledge of all the entries of the FRF matrix: the formulations are exact also considering the presence of the damping (hysteretic or viscous damping) and also (for the first formulation) considering finite-difference formulae for the evaluation of the FRF derivatives (in this special case the method is equivalent to an other method proposed in the past). Numerical examples on several undamped structures (discrete-system, finite-element cantilever beam, finite-element truss) with comparisons between the two formulations are included in the paper together with some issues and recommendations for the application of the methods by using experimental data.


Measurements reported are part of a study of propagation characteristics for millimeter–wave communication links operating in an urban#8211;suburban environment. Absorption data were collected for signals propagated through some common building materials at 9.6 (reference frequency), 28.8, and 57.6 GHz. At these same channel frequencies, paths at street level obstructed by office buildings and residential properties were examined in terms of received signal levels resulting from direct penetration and/or propagation by diffraction modes with terminal separation of from 0.1 to 1.2 km. Signal fading was measured for line#8211;of#8211;sight paths up to 0.9 km as the transmitter terminal, operating at 11.4, 28.8, and 30.3 GHz, traveled down an urban street. Narrow#8211; and wide#8211;beam antenna patterns and both modes of linear antenna polarization were used to compare multipath fading characteristics. A unique 30.3 GHz wide bandwidth channel impulse probe was used to record multipath signal amplitudes and delay times, relative to the direct path, for the same antenna parameters indicated above. Impulse response measurements were recorded at about 10 m intervals as the transmitter traveled along the urban street.


The goal of this dissertation is to link the function of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels to its structure. When mutated, these proteins alter normal channel function by causing gating and/or trafficking defects. Through investigating the molecular mechanisms of these mutations, we improve our understanding of the structurefunction relationship of pancreatic KATP channels and such knowledge will aid the development of drugs that effectively target these channels to manage islet dysfunction. Chapter one is an introduction that provides the background of this dissertation about KATP channels in terms of their physiological function, pharmacology, molecular structure, trafficking regulation, gating regulation and diseases caused by channel dysfunction. Chapter two contains work that identifies an ion pair in the intracellular Cterminus of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.2) that is important for gating. Mutation of either residue of this ion pair (E229 and R314) to alanine induces fast current decay due to the disruption of the salt bridge. We demonstrate that this ion pair forms by residues from two adjacent Kir6.2 subunits. We propose a model in which the E229/R314 intersubunit ion pairs contribute to a structural framework that facilitates the ability of other positively charged residues to interact with membrane phospholipids and thus are required for normal channel gating. In chapter three, we report the identification of a novel KCNJJJ mutation associated with the disease congenital hyperinsulinism that renders a missense mutation, F55L, in the Kir6.2 protein. Mutant channels reconstituted in COS cells


Waves that have propagated out of their generating fetch are called swell. Swell waves can significantly affect offshore structure designs, small boat operations and ship passages over harbor entrance, and surf forecasting. It is necessary and interesting to be studied on both scientific and practical purposes. There are several typhoons affect Taiwan every year. This paper estimates swell height by using a wind-sea and swell separation approach. The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between typhoon tracks and their generated swells. It is found that the value and occurrence time of maxima swell height are related to typhoon track. The maxima swell heights that generated by typhoons move westerly to Taiwan (track category I, III, V) is much larger than them generated by the typhoon moves from low to high latitude (track category VI). The maxima swell height estimated in this paper is up to 7 m. In addition, the maxima swell heights always occur after typhoon passing. In this study, it is also found that even the typhoon is far, the generated swell may have the same level as it generated by close typhoons. The results presented in this paper are obtained by analyzing the wave data from Taiwan coast ocean and may helpful on the prediction of typhoon swell.


With unpredictable workloads and a need for a multitude of specialized skills, many main contractors rely heavily on subcontracting to reduce their risks (Bresnen et al., 1985;
Beardsworth et al., 1988). This is especially the case In Hong Kong, where the average direct labour content accounts for only around 1% of the total contract sum (Lai, 1987).
Extensive usage of subcontracting is also reported in many other countries, including the UK (Gray and Flanagan, 1989) and Japan (Bennett et al., 1987). In addition, and
depending upon the scale and complexity of works, it is not uncommon for subcontractors to further sublet their works to lower tier(s) subcontractors. Richter and Mitchell (1982) argued that main contractors can obtain a higher profit margin by reducing their performance costs by subcontracting work to those who have the necessary resources to perform the work more efficiently and economically. Subcontracting is also used strategically to allow firms to employ a minimum work force under fluctuating demand (Usdiken and Sozen, 1985). Through subcontracting, the risks of main contractors are also reduced, as errors in estimating or additional costs caused
by delays or extra labour requirements can be absorbed by the subcontractors involved (Woon and Ofori, 2000).
Despite these benefits, the quality of work can suffer when incapable or inexperienced subcontractors are employed. Additional problems also exist in the form of bid shopping,
unclear accountability, and high fragmentation (Palaneeswaran et al., 2002). A recent CIB TG 23 International Conference, October 2003, Hong Kong
report produced by the Hong Kong Construction Industry Review Committee (CIRC) points to development of a framework to help distinguish between capable and incapable
subcontractors (Tang, 2001). This paper describes research aims at identifying and prioritising criteria for use in such a framework.


As the adoption of federated learning (FL) in the manufacturing industry grows and systems get increasingly complex, a need to inspect their behavior arises. Stakeholders of the FL process want a more transparent system to understand the current state and analyze how its performance changed over time. However, current representation approaches are often not designed for industrial applications and do not cover the entire FL model lifecycle. We propose the lifecycle dashboard, which considers the different requirements and perspectives of industrial stakeholders by visualizing information from the FL server. In addition, our representation approach is generic enough to be applied to different use cases and industries. We evaluate the lifecycle dashboard in a semistructured expert interview, show improvements in the understandability of FL systems, and discuss possible use cases in the industry.


The direct medical costs associated with obesity, smoking, and other non-healthy habits are estimated to account for more than 20% of U.S. health spending. Hence, poor health choices induce significant aggregate shift in spending away from treating competing?non preventable?medical risks and from nonmedical consumption. Such a shift in spending distorts relative incentives to innovate in different sectors, through market-size effect. As consumers fail to internalize these aggregate-level externalities, private-prevention is generally inefficient. We show that private prevention is insufficient compared with social optimum, unless technological opportunities to develop cures for preventable diseases are sufficiently superior. Furthermore, under multiple preventable-risks, prevention efforts are biased in favor of the risk with higher potential for curing advances.


The energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation method is applied to measure the fragmentation patterns, cross sections, and dissociation energies of small anionic silver clusters (Agn−,n=2–11). The main reaction channels are found to be loss of atom and loss of dimer, with dimer loss favored for odd n values. The dissociation energies for the loss of atom, D0(Agn−1−–Ag), show strong even–odd alternation. Threshold models that account for collisional activation efficiency, kinetic shifts, and competitive shifts are employed to obtain dissociation energies. A critical examination of the models is performed using a thermochemical cycle comparing sequential atom loss with dimer loss.


The effect of carbon and hydrogen on the martensitic transformation of Fe-Ni base alloys is studied in this paper. The results obtained between room temperature and -185°C by two different methods based on burst phenomenon and also by quantitative metallography are presented. The influence of carbon on the amplitude of the burst and the dynamic properties of the athermal transformation are connected with mechanical characteristics of the structure. Finally hydrogen influence on Ms temperature and on martensitic transformation is discussed.


The effect of the roasting conditions of sesame see~~ on the mecha,ni~al'p~opet:ties,pf g~f"~tofj, ~~s'l: investigated. Gomatofu was prepared with Muki (hull-less) an~ Arai:(~hite and black, 'nith hull)) seeds ({;nroasted'and roasted at 160.170, 180.190 and 200"C) in an'electric'o~enfor15min.Surfacestru~~~l"e~T' and vertical sections of Araiand Muki seeds were observed by. SEM. The fracture stress and strain for  gomatofu were the smallest when the seeas were roaste'd ~t'170t:1rid Were the highestwhentheseed~ were roasted at 190"C (p<O.(m. The averagepartiele site 'in 'th~'s~same:IIliikofseedsroasted'atii(f "C (21.5-40.4 pm) were smaller than thatat 190"C (86.4-itO:3'pm).Thus, it was co~sideredth~tthe JparlL' tiele size of gomatofu which is prepare'd with seeds roasted at'190t became' Smailed2. 0-6.'0 pm)bY'! mixing during preparing of gomatofu. The mouthfeelofgoinatofupreparedwithseeds'roastedat 190 , "C was not smooth, as they hacia 'slight bitterness or "Zaratuki." In 'terms' of the total acceptance by, . Kramer's test, gomatofu made from Mitki (p< 0.01) and Arai (p<0.05) was determined to have best pal- 'atability when the seeds were roasted at 170"C.


An adaptive genetic algorithm using mutation matrix is introduced for the solution of a series of zero/one knapsack problems of increasing complexity and structure. The evolution of the population in our adaptive genetic algorithm is based on a time dependent mutation matrix that is co-evolving, guided by the locus statistics and the fitness distribution of the population. This co-evolution of the mutation matrix provides a parameter free framework for the adaptive genetic algorithm, but different implementations of the mutation matrix have different performance for the knapsack problem. Here three structures of the knapsack problems are used as the benchmark tests: simple knapsack, parallel knapsack, and hierarchical or layer knapsack. For each type of knapsack structure, an index of difficulty is constructed based on the number of items and constraints. Numerical experiments are performed to test three models of implementation of the mutation matrix corresponding to three different way of controlling the number of mutation operations used. The numerical results for the three different knapsack problems using these three different implementations are discussed, along with a heuristic explanation for their different efficiencies. The conclusion is that an adaptive mutation matrix is best, where adaptation is based on the fitness distribution of the population, so that the mutation probability is implicitly time dependent. Furthermore, a directed mutation greatly improves the performance of all three models of implementation as this involves the imitation of the best chromosome by the less fit ones.


Background: Hypothermia and decompressive craniectomy have been considered as potential treatment for traumatic brain injury. The present study investigates whether selective brain hypothermia added to craniectomy could improve neurological outcome after brain trauma. Methods: Male CD-1 mice were randomly assigned into the following groups (n = 7 each): sham, decompressive craniectomy (DC), closed head injury (CHI), CHI followed by craniectomy (CHI + DC), CHI and DC followed by focal hypothermia (CHI + DC + H). At 24 h posttrauma animals were subjected to Neurological Severity Score (NSS; 0 – 10 points) test and Beam Balance Score (BBS; 0 – 5 points) test. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: According to NSS there was a significant impairment among all the groups subjected to trauma (CHI: 4.57 ± 2.23, P < 0.05; CHI + DC: 6.86 ± 2.27, P < 0.001; CHI + DC + H: 4.14 ± 1.76, P < 0.05) when compared to sham animals (1.29 ± 0.49). The animals subjected to both trauma and craniectomy performed significantly worse(CHI + DC: 6.86 ± 2.27, P < 0.01) than animals with craniectomy alone(DC: 3.11 ± 1.13). This deleterious effect disappeared if additional hypothermia was applied (CHI + DC + H: 4.14 ± 1.76, ns). BBS was significantly worse in CHI group (2.52 ± 1.53, P < 0.05) and in CHI + DC group (2.81 ± 1.55, P < 0.05) but not in CHI + DC + H group (1.71 ± 1.04, ns) when compared to the sham group (0.62 ± 0.49). Conclusions: There was synergistic deleterious effect of mechanical and surgical trauma consistent with recent clinical observation that early decompressive craniectomy was associated with more unfavorable outcomes. Selective brain cooling applied after trauma and craniectomy improved neurological function and may be therefore an alternative to complication-burdened systemic hypothermia. A clinical feasibility study is required to explore the potential of this treatment. References:Szczygielski J, et al. The effects of selective brain hypothermia and decompressive craniectomy on brain edema after closed head injury in mice. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2010.Polderman KH. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. Crit Care Med. 2009.Doerfler A, et al. Combination of decompressive craniectomy and mild hypothermia ameliorates infarction volume after permanent focal ischemia in rats. Stroke. 2001.


The effects of nitrogen topdressing on the yield and nutrition components of Triticale cereale cv.Zhongsi 237 were studied.The results showed that both clipping date and nitrogen topdressing shown obvious effects on the yield and regrowth.The growth,fresh yield,dry matter yield were significantly increased.Meanwhile,the contents of crude protein,crude fat and amino acid of young grass were increased;the content of crude fibre was reduced and the quality of the forage was improved.The yield of crude protein and crude fat of second clipping grass was higher than that clipped in jointing-period.The content and yield of crude protein under nitrogen treatments were higher than that of the control,and the contents of NDF and ADF were lower than that of the control.


This study aims to determine the perceptions and motives of students looking at the @tirtacipeng account on the Tik Tok application. The theory used in this study is the S-O-R Theory. The subjects of this study were IKOM-8 UINSU students. The research time is from July to August 2021. The method used in this research is the Qualitative Method with In-depth Interviews (in-depth interviews). Technical analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that there are many similar opinions, some of the informants assess in terms of perceptions of the physical environment and social perceptions. In determining the resource persons, they prioritize the inspirational values of various aspects of the life of the informants. In addition, the criteria for selecting sources on the @tirtacipeng account on the Tik Tok application are open, i.e. various groups are possible to become sources and are basically designed in such a way as inspirational and useful posts. Some of the informants also considered the educational aspect to be more dominant and the @tirtacipeng account posting was on the media industry's Tik Tok application which aims to benefit informants. The motive that encourages students to view the @tirtacipeng account on the Tik Tok application is to obtain a variety of information of educational value as well as educational information from the reality of the public life of certain figures.


A preliminary research on the soil water dynamics of reconstructed micro-slope in typical slope in Yunnan dry-hot river valley was conducted by positioning observation and comparative tests. The results show that the seasonal dynamic changes of soil moisture were determined by the amount of rainfall and its distributions within the year. It was usually divided into four stages: evaporation stage before rainy season,wetting stage during rainy season,the stability stage in post-rainy season,and the stability stage in the winter. The soil moisture variety range of the contour trench and contour terrace in wetting stage during rainy stage was much greater than that of the natural slope. On the same high level, the yearly average soil moisture of all soil layers was much greater than that of the natural slope, and the coefficient of variation of soil moisture was smaller than that of the natural slope, the soil moisture variety range of micro-slope decreased with the increase in depth. The soil profile could be divided into three layers:active layer (c_v0.30), less active (0.16c_v0.30) and stable layer (c_v0.16).Soil moisture lost very quickly on soil surface, it decreased with the increase in depth. Reconstructing micro-slope decreased the loss of soil moisture and increased the stagnation of moisture in soil, which was good for plants absorption of water. Reconstructing micro-slope obviously improved the soil humidity environment in dry-hot river valley.[Ch,3 fig.4 tab.16 ref.]


This paper showcases the different technologies available for making one's home a smarter one. Lately the world has witnessed a great surge in the field of automation. With the increase in living standards of people the demand for smart homes has accentuated. So keeping in mind three main concepts of a smart home that is energy, safety and comfort, the paper brief's about smart homes as an application of IOT and consequently discussing the challenges faced by IOT during the implementation of smart homes in India. The various wireless protocols being used also find an important place in manuscript.


Summary Contumelia, which for the jurists was the definition of the delict iniuria, has been poorly understood by most modern scholarship. The term does not mean 'contempt' or any other attitude of the mind; instead, examination of all instances of the word contumelia predating 300 CE demonstrates that, in both lay and legal literature, it meant a kind of degradation or insult which, when judged against Roman rubrics of status and hierarchy, derogated from the honour of a free citizen. In juristic writings on iniuria, contumelia had an objective function, describing the typical fact-patterns proscribed by the praetorian edicts and rationalising those edicts' piecemeal approach under one convenient lay concept. Contumelia was not iniuria's mental requirement and, since it did not mean contempt, the delict was simply uninterested in whether a defendant had demonstrated a contemptuous or belittling attitude towards his victim.


This paper focuses on atmospherical effects on changes in length-of-day (∆LOD). A 20th century simulation has been carried using an ECHAM 5 standalone atmosphere general circulation model (GCM). The spectrum of the resulting time series for ∆LOD shows typical structure patterns which resemble geodetic observations. Furthermore an atmospheric scenario run for the period between the year 2000 and 2100 driven by an A1B forcing scenario shows a strong increase in the axial atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) which implies a shortening of the length-of-day. For the scenario runs the coupled atmosphere ocean sea ice model ECHO-G has been used. The extent of the change in axial AAM exceeds results of former studies. For the year 2100 the model shows an increase in axial AAM of about 10 percent compared to present day conditions. The strongest trends in zonal windspeed are detected in the southern hemisphere for mid and higher latitudes in the upper troposphere.


The invention provides a composite hanger wire and an electric railway catenary hanger. The composite hanger wire is formed by stranding at least two composite wires, and each composite wire is formed by stranding at least one body single wire and at least one strengthening single wire. Or, the composite hanger wire is formed by stranding at least one body wire and at least one strengthening wire, each body wire is formed by stranding at least two body single wires, and each strengthening wire is formed by stranding at least two strengthening single wires. The electric railway catenary hanger comprises a hanger accessory, a press connecting casing pipe and the composite hanger wire. The use and maintenance cost of the electric railway catenary hanger and the weight of products are reduced, the anti-fatigue property of the electric railway catenary hanger is also improved, the service life of the electric railway catenary hanger is prolonged, and thus the operation safety of an electric railway is improved.


Abstract : The detailed results and conclusions of analysis and experimental checks of the basic operating characteristics of a typical externally pressur-ized elastomeric gas bearing are presented. Pressure, films, flow and creep properties of silicone rubber are given. Three hardnesses and layer thicknesses were investigated as were stiffness, damping, and elastic modulus. High speed (40,000 rpm) data was obtained for one tested rotor with an elastomeric molded spherical cavity bearing. An analysis of the thin elastic layer on a flat rigid surface provided a computer program to determine the compressive modulus of elastomeric materials. The experimental data fit the analytical curves accurately. Moduli of 250, 340, and 350 psi were found for the three hardnesses tested. (Author, modified-PL)


The Higgs boson is the missing link of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. We review its decay properties and production mechanisms at a future e^+ e^- linear collider and its e^- e^-, e^+- gamma, and gamma gamma modes, with special emphasis on the influence of quantum corrections. We also discuss how its quantum numbers and couplings can be extracted from the study of appropriate final states.


Purpose: to evaluate oral characteristics and breastfeeding in premature newborns before hospital discharge and verify the relationship between the oral sensory motor system and breastfeeding. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study. Data collection was conducted from June to October 2014 and was carried out in three stages: Data collection from medical records, the clinical assessment of the oral sensory motor system and the evaluation of breastfeeding. A convenience sample was obtained from the intensive care unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre. The inclusion criteria were: prematurity; receiving speech therapy, involvement in the hospital discharge process; recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding; have a free and informed consent form signed by a legal guardian. Results: the sample consisted of 26 subjects, of which 6 individuals were excluded. Most of the characteristics of the oral sensory motor system were adequate and most of the categories evaluated in breastfeeding were close to the maximum score. It was found that premature infants with an alert state of consciousness showed better mother / newborn positioning during breastfeeding (p = 0.043). It was observed that higher corrected gestational ages were associated with better final scores in evaluation of the oral sensory motor system (rs = 0.512, p = 0.021). Conclusions: the study elucidated some characteristics of the oral sensory motor system and of breastfeeding. Additionally, relationships were found between the oral sensory motor system and breastfeeding in premature infants.


Self-assembled lipid vesicles with embedded amphiphilic terbium(III) complexes show a strong temperature dependence of their phosphorescence intensity and lifetime in the physiological range.


This research aimed to develop the Artificial Intelligence (AI) indicator for elementary students by synthesizing the components of artificial intelligence learning for elementary students which is designed to be aware of the issue of mental health of children as well. The results were assessed for appropriateness by five experts. Findings demonstrated that the indicator consisted of five aspects ordering by the complex from Grade 1 to 5. Firstly, it was Perception which the student could explain the origin of interaction between the AI and human by designing a reception system to conduct perception and response,and draw the response diagram. Secondly, it was Representation & Reasoning which the student could explain the reasoning algorithm of the AI. Thirdly, it was Machine Learning which the student could explain the machine learning, criticize the input data defect. Fourthly, the Natural interaction, which the student could justify the purpose of data trending and improvement of AI to be more natural by creating a realistic response system. Lastly, it was the Societal Impact which the student could suggest the solution to AI system problems to be more accurate and appropriate with the fewest impact on humans and facilitate human living efficiently.


An integral computation for unsteady compressible 1 D fluid flows with mass addition and moving boundary in combustion chamber, axi symmetric 2 D fluid flows in combustion chamber nozzle and 3 D grain geometric shape. Explicit TVD finite volume Mac Cormack scheme for time dependent N S equations was used. The results indicate the internal ballistics in series dual burning rate grain motor and the distribution of axi symmetric 2 D flow parameters in the chamber nozzle.


The first part of this paper considers the computer-aided design of multivariable structurally constrained regulators for linear time-invariant plants. Two relevant control problems which can be effectively solved by a parameter optimisation approach, are introduced; the basic role played by the internal model principle is then specifically pointed out, and the reformulation of the resulting optimisation problems as mathematical programs are given. The most relevant aspects of the computational algorithms developed to solve these problems are finally outlined, along with the main features of the program package developed to solve, among others, the two cases presented in Part 2


Abstract The impetus for writing this article was the desire to "get to the bottom", to "disentangle the essence" of what music education in terms of exploring the depth, the sacred sense of the relationship "man-music", of the aspiration to examine this issue with the teacher's eyes - for all questions and all answers received contribute to the improvement of so-called education through music. In this article, the author expresses his position that, music education, by its essence, is far from the design made before, but in fact - far from the goal officially proclaimed. The music itself, as one of the most mysterious phenomena of this world. Its knowledge, its understanding, the assimilation and absorption of the cosmic and divine substance at the level of personal experience - this is music education in its highest sense. We consider them universal by nature and extent of aspects and levels of the spiritual, existential life of man in its deep forms. The author examines the experience acquired as a self-instruction (professionally) and self-education (personally) practice throughout life, in one of the highest areas of the human mind - in music. He had the chance to work especially in the field of music. He had the chance to experience music especially and he was able to devote his "self" to it.


Comparative morphological and stem anatomical studies were carried out in two varieties of Tecomastans L. (Bignoniaceae) in Kerala. The species taxonomically complicated, earlier various taxonomist identified the species as Tecomastans due to its morphological variability. Critical morphological study resulted determination two sub species of Tecomastans; Tecomastans var. angustata and Tecomastans var.stans. Stem anatomical characters are also found important to distinguish the varieties within the species.


The classical joking relationship has fascinated anthropologists for decades, especially in relation to African societies. The existence of joking relationships in Aboriginal Australia has also been noted in ethnographies, but rarely described in a way that acknowledges that kinship-mediated humour can actually be creative and funny. Kinship is obviously central to an understanding of these relationships, but the institutions that engender joking relationships have (surprisingly) rarely been discussed in detail for any Australian Aboriginal group. Taking the Bininj Kunwok and Dalabon-speaking peoples of western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory as a case study, I seek to demonstrate a generalisation that, in this part of Australia, joking relationships index the absence of actual affinity. The pretentious bluster, vulgarity and teasing of joking relationships ironically echo appropriate ways of behaving with actual affines. Whereas respect and avoidance are the hallmarks of interaction between actual affines, one jokes with a class of potential affines with whom actual affinity is not envisaged or has been renounced. The two forms of behaviour are intimately linked. Respect for affines is the default form of behaviour and the markedness of the departure from this expectation in joking relationships signals the existence of a different type of affinal relationship.


In their review, Vanasse et al state that up to half of the individuals without ataxia telangiectasia who contract T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) were heterozygote carriers of mutations with the ATM gene.[1][1] But no evidence for this assertion could be drawn from the cited references.[2-5


This paper is based on the main polarization parameter data of Zhuhai-Macao S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar, combined with the lightning locator data, and analyzed the relationship between polarization parameters and lightning occurred in the Pearl River Delta region on June 12, 2018. The main polarization parameters included radar horizontal reflectivity factor ZH, differential reflectivity factor ZDR, zero-lag correlation coefficient ρHV and specific differential phase shift KDP. The results show that both the strong echo region and the weak echo region have a negative ground flash distribution, while the positive ground flash is mainly distributed in the center of the strong echo and its vicinity. ZH decreases with height, while lightning is distributed in the negative region of ZDR at 7 km. ρHV increases first and then decreases with height increase, and KDP decreases with height.


A POPULAR MUSIC act once used the phrase 'Modern life is rubbish' as the title of their sophomore album. Th e more I read about early years education in the newspapers these days – both tabloid and broadsheets, including the not-so-broad – the more you would be inclined to agree. A couple of months ago, a letter appeared in The Daily Telegraph that warned of a potent cocktail of volatile infl uences, in this modern world, that were causing our children untold damage.


Background
Progressive tension sutures (PTS) are commonly utilized to reduce postoperative seroma in abdominoplasty. However, current evidence regarding PTS in abdominoplasty is limited to small series and the findings of single institutions.

Objectives
The authors reviewed the available literature concerning the effects of PTS and drains on seroma formation following abdominoplasty, and summarized the different techniques that have been described to date.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies in which the numbers of patients who had postoperative seroma were indicated. We applied the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias.

Results
Seven studies were included (three RCTs and four retrospective studies). Patients who had PTS and drains following abdominoplasty had a significantly lower rate of postoperative seroma than those who had drains only. The mean surgical time difference between the two groups was 23 minutes. There was no difference in postoperative seroma rate in patients who had PTS and drains placed following abdominoplasty compared to those who had PTS only.

Conclusions
Addition of PTS to drains reduces the risk of postoperative seroma in standard abdominoplasty. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and better comparability are warranted to confirm with more confidence the impact of PTS in abdominoplasty.

Level of Evidence 2


In this paper, we obtain the upper bounds of the Toeplitz determinants for the class of functions with bounded turning. We also present some consequences of our main results. Some estimates obtained on Toeplitz determinants are sharp.


Zinc sulphide nanostructures have been synthesized with different compositions of Zn/S ratio through chemical route. The XRD shows polycrystalline hexagonal structure for all the samples. The W-H plot shows particle sizes in the range 29.54 nm to 41.36 nm and strain from 0.021 to 0.026. A larger particle size supports weak quantum confinement in the samples. No significant increase in the band gap was found from the optical studies. Using one-dimensional weak confinement model, transition levels for defect emission in the visible region are obtained.


Traditional groundwater numerical methods(such as finite element and finite difference method) require grid or unit,mesh generation would take a lot of calculation time,a large amount of data needed to solve.The collocation meshless method get rid of the grid and unit limitation and only need node information and node layout flexible and easy to implement.In the paper,with collocation meshless method will be applied to solve the one-dimensional non-steady groundwater flow calculation problem,the preparation of the corresponding program,the results with analytical solutions and traditional methods of calculation compared to the calculated results in good agreement with the analytical solution,more accurate than high,the calculation process is simple,good stability.


Although they always lack external validity, randomized clinical trials have become the gold standard for demonstrating the effectiveness of medical therapies because of their potential to yield unbiased treatment comparisons (internal validity) among trial subjects. However, if a trial cannot be blinded and post-randomization decisions can influence outcome, internal validity is also compromised, and the rationale for such trials becomes very unconvincing. The problem is compounded if the outcome is operator dependent, and strong physician preferences exist for different treatments, because external validity is then compromised further. Randomized trials to compare laparoscopic with vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy are paradigmatic of these problems.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the quasi-randomized clinical trial, a suitable method for comparing laparoscopic and conventional surgery. Blinding is always possible with this design and random treatment allocation is preserved. External validity is increased, the need for informed consent eliminated, and, by allowing physicians to perform operations for which they have a preference, recruitment is likely to be enhanced. The disadvantage of the design is that its internal validity is confounded with its external validity. However, strategies exist to ensure external validity (random selection of participants), and statistical tests of trial validity can be designed.


Soils had an ability to decompose BHC when they were kept in flooded condition, and the ability was remarkably enhanced with peptone. Every tested soil was affected by the addition of peptone, and it was suggested to be due to the increase of BHC decomposers in the soil. The BHC decomposer predominating in the soil-peptone culture preferred an anaerobic condition and was heat-resistant, being able to decompose α- as well as γ -BHC. Several anaerobic bacteria were isolated, from the soil-peptone culture as BHC decomposers, and these decomposers were tentatively identified as species of Clostridium from several characteristic features.


Scott Newstok, How to Think like Shakespeare: Lessons from a Renaissance Education (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2020) The "Renaissance Education" of Scott Newstok's sub-title suggests both Shakespeare's sixteenthcentury grammar school training in rhetoric, translation, composition and other disciplines, and the author's own extensive reading in and study of the literature of the world The book sets out to counter an education system obsessed with assessment and quantifiable outcomes, and threatened by impersonal online learning, with an approach that is learner-centred, leisurely, exploratory, conversational and imaginative "Stock grants us invention, a word that gives us not only 'invention' but also 'inventory'" (113), so that in an education engaged with tradition we move "between knowledge acquisition and knowledge application, between stock and exercise" (110);one of the productive determinants of exercise is the subject of Chapter 12, "Of Constraint"


We present an instrument for frequency-domain light mammography (LIMA) which is currently undergoing a clinical test. This instrument uses two laser diodes (690 and 825 nm) which are intensity modulated at a frequency of 110 MHz. The optical signal is detected in a transmission geometry with the breast slightly compressed between two glass plates. Edge effects are corrected by an algorithm of data analysis which enhances the contrast of the optical mammograms. We report the initial results obtained with the LIMA system in the detection of malignant tumors in 69 patients. Out of 37 malignant tumors, 27 tumors (73%) were successfully detected, which shows the feasibility' and the significant potential of the method. The analysis of the 10 cases (27%) in which the tumors were not detected by LIMA provides us with a valuable input for further improvement of the current system.


We present a new model of the lensing cluster of galaxies MS2137-23. By incorporating strong and weak lensing data in a fully elliptical lens modeling, we show that the total density profile must be close to the predictions of numerical simulations with an inner slope well consistent with a NFW profile. The model that best fits the lensing constraints is used to infer to line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) of stars in the central cD galaxy. This distribution is found to be far from Maxwellian. The important non-Gaussian tails produce a significant low-bias when measuring the velocity dispersion by assuming Gaussian absorption lines. In the case of MS2137, most of the information comes from multiples arcs. Internal kinematics of stars only help modeling the innermost kiloparsecs. However, in clusters with fewer constraints (no radial arcs for instance), a detailed modeling of both strong lensing and internal kinematics is crucial.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


Evaluation of the diffusion characteristics of an estuary requires an understanding of the turbulence structure and a measure of the range and variability of the eddy diffusion coefficients. Such data are of primary importance to investigators seeking to estimate possible environmental changes through predictive numerical or hydraulic models. This paper presents a review of the turbulence problem with particular emphasis on estuaries. Both spectral characteristics and spatial scales are considered and related to experimental procedures. Currently available instrumentation is reviewed and its performance critiqued. Emphasis is placed on long-term reliability. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods are discussed.


This paper examines the role of human capital on influencing vendor profit. Using a unique vendor survey from Taiwan, we find human capital, measured by owners' education and experience, is positively related to vendor profit. Particularly, education tends to associate an inversed-U relationship with the vendor profit that vendors run by high school educated owners gain a highest profit, on average. The influences of education and experience on profit are similar for both food and non-food vendors, even though their operation skills and knowledge are likely diverse. Other owner characteristics, such as age and gender, also matter to vendor profit.


The article summarizes the theoretical aspects and practice of the development of offshore jurisdictions in the world economy. Despite the fact that national governments and international organizations are making more and more attempts to counter offshore schemes, the outflow of capital to offshore is quite stable. This is due to the advantages of offshore zones in the form of special tax, currency and customs tariff conditions. An overview of the preconditions required to obtain offshore status was presented. Political stability, the presence of authoritative banking structures and qualified personnel, and a favorable economic and geographical position were listed as the main ones. The classification of offshore jurisdictions, compiled according to certain characteristics, is presented. The article discusses the issues of further deepening the economic development of offshore zones at the stage of economic integration, further improvement of the investment climate in offshore centers due to the inflow of foreign direct investments. In addition, the main positive and negative consequences of the influence of offshore zones on the economy of countries are determined. The essence of the offshore zone, its contradictory nature, and also the classification and types of offshore zones based on various characteristics are given. The role of de-offshoreization carried out by various countries was revealed, as well as the role of international organizations in the fight against money laundering, tax evasion and corruption. On the basis of official documents and scientific literature, the trends of the development of offshore centers, their influence on the movement of global capital, and the state of offshore business in the world were examined. The need for offshore is due to objective prerequisites, in particular, elementary economic competition. World finances are tied to offshore, and some respectable countries earn from the services of offshore companies. The imperfection of the global financial system is compensated by offshore as an element of financial freedom of entrepreneurial capital. It is established that offshores will continue to develop in conditions of constant increased of political pressure, since there is a demand for them and they have clients, including among those who are fighting against them, despite the instability of the financial system, financial crises, international cooperation and anti-offshore rhetoric. The study of the offshore phenomenon will continue as it evolves.


A fragment screening approach designed to target specifically the S-adenosyl-l-methionine pocket of catechol O-methyl transferase allowed the identification of structurally related fragments of high ligand efficiency and with activity on the described orthogonal assays. By use of a reliable enzymatic assay together with X-ray crystallography as guidance, a series of fragment modifications revealed an SAR and, after several expansions, potent lead compounds could be obtained. For the first time nonphenolic and small low nanomolar potent, SAM competitive COMT inhibitors are reported. These compounds represent a novel series of potent COMT inhibitors that might be further optimized to new drugs useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as adjuncts in levodopa based therapy, or for the treatment of schizophrenia.


Blast, caused by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive and widespread disease of rice. The planting of resistant cultivars is the most economic and environmentally sound way to control the disease. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanism of host resistance and fungal pathogenesis. Over 85 resistance (R) genes have been mapped in the rice genome, and 23 have been cloned. Similarly, about 40 avirulence (Avr) genes have been mapped in the M. oryzae genome, and nine have been cloned. Based on deep understanding of the molecular basis of host resistance and fungal pathogenesis and rapid advancement of new genomics technologies, we propose four novel strategies for breeding next-generation rice cultivars that are resistant to M. oryzae.


Article history: Received: 27 May 2012 Accepted: 4 July 2012 Available online: 1 Jan 2013 ZJRMS 2014 Sep; 16(9): 59-63 Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate theory of mind development (TOM) with regard to mental retarded students (MRS) and its relationship with verbal and non-verbal abilities, and number of siblings. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, for all male mental retarded students, age of 8 to 14 years (about 59 individuals) which were from the city Torbat-e Heidarieh, Iran. Unexpected-content task (UCT) and 38-items test were used for measuring TOM. Also, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children Revised (WISC-R) was used to examine the verbal and non-verbal abilities. Information of siblings was established in an interview with the parents, also by looking at the students' ID cards. In order to analyze data, ANOVA, Scheffe, Pearson correlation coefficient and chisquare were carried out. Results: First and second level theory of mind development with regard to intellectually disable students were ascending to 12 years age (p 0.05). Conclusion: Altogether, the things "theory theory" and "modular" approaches state might be acceptable. Those theories which are based on sociocultural approaches expressing experiment of communication underlies mind understanding development must be more examined. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.


Adequate health system performance and achieving the Millennium Development Goals for health, requires that qualified health care providers are available and can perform adequately. However, there is a critical shortage of health care providers in sub-Saharan Africa, and this crisis is hitting faith-based organizations (FBOs) particularly hard. Many FBOs in sub- Saharan Africa are organized into national Christian Health Associations. In 2005 several of these highlighted shared challenges with respect to human resources for health and decided to share experiences on creative ways to recruit and retain staff and other emerging innovations around HRH practices. The Netherlands-based international NGO CORDAID supported this initiative by developing a 'linking and learning' program around human resources for health to facilitate exchange and joint reflection. This article outlines some of the main lessons from this program which sought to document and analy se emerging practices developed by FBOs to improve their HRH situation


Abstract Dusty Wolf-Rayet stars are few but remarkable in terms of dust production rates (up to Ṁ = 10−6 M⊙/yr). Infrared excesses associated to mass-loss are found in the sub-types WC8 and WC9. Few WC9d stars are hosting a "pinwheel" nebula, indirect evidence of a companion star around the primary. While few other WC9d stars have a dust shell which has been barely resolved so far, the available angular resolution offered by single telescopes is insufficient to confirm if they also host "pinwheel" nebulae or not. In this article, we present the possible detection of such nebula around the star WR 118. We discuss about the potential of interferometry to image more "pinwheel" nebulae around other WC9d stars.


The three‐dimensional "substorm current wedge" (SCW) was postulated by McPherron et al. (1973) to explain substorm magnetic perturbations. The origin and coherence as a physical system of this important paradigm of modern space physics remained unclear, however, with progress hindered by gross undersampling, and uniqueness problems in data inversion. Complementing AMPERE (Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment) space‐derived radial electric currents with ground magnetic data allowing us to determine currents from the ionosphere up, we overcome problems of uniqueness identified by Fukushima (1969, 1994). For a substorm on 24 February 2010, we quantify SCW development consistently from ground and space data. Its westward electrojet carries 0.5 MA in the more poleward part of the auroral oval, in Region 1 (R1) sense spanning midnight. The evening sector electrojet also feeds into its upward current. We thus validate the SCW concept and obtain parameters needed for quantitative study of substorms.


List of Exhibits. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Overview of Business Valuation Discounts and Premiums and the Bases to Which They Are Applied. 2. Minority Discounts and Control Premiums. 3. Empirical Data Regarding Minority Discounts and Control Premiums. 4. Minority Discounts and Control Premiums in the Courts. 5. Discounts for Lack of Marketability for Minority Interests: Concept and Evidence. 6. Synopsis of Restricted Stock Studies. 7. John Emory Pre-Initial Public Offering Discount for Lack of Marketability Studies-Complete Underlying Data. 8. Factors Affecting Discounts for Lack of Marketability for Minority Interests. 9. Discounts for Lack of Marketability for Controlling Interests. 10. Quantitative Marketability Discount Model. 11. Marketability Discounts in the Courts. 12. Voting versus Nonvoting Stock. 13. Key Person Discounts. 14. Discounts for Trapped-In Capital Gains Taxes. 15. Blockage Discounts. 16. Nonhomogeneous Assets ("Portfolio") Discounts. 17. Discounts for Environmental, Litigation, and Other Contingent Liabilities. 18. Discount Adjustments for Limited Partnership Interests and Other Asset Management Entities. 19. Premium and Discount Issues in Undivided Interest Valuations. 20. Common Errors in Applying Discounts and Premiums. Appendix A: Bibliography. Appendix B: Data Resources. Appendix C: Table of Cases. Appendix D: How Much Can Marketability Affect Security Values? Appendix E: Internal Revenue Service Revenue Ruling 77-287. Appendix F: Securities and Exchange Commission Rules 144 and 144A. CPE Self-Study Examination. Index.


Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to understand the physical processes of the air-sea interaction and coupling of the atmosphere-ocean system in high-wind maritime regimes, with a particular emphasis on tropical cyclones. One of the most complex aspects of air-sea coupling is the effect of surface waves at the air-sea interface in high-wind conditions. We aim to determine the physical processes that must be represented in coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean models to simulate and predict the coupled atmosphere-ocean system under extreme wind conditions. The specific objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to better understand and predict tropical cyclone (TC) formation, structure, intensification, decay, and interactions with the ocean over the Western North Pacific and adjacent marginal seas; (2) to understand the formation, structure, and recovery of the TC-induced cold wake in the upper ocean and its impact on the immediate TC intensification/decay as well as subsequent TC formations; (3) to implement the CBLAST wind-wave coupling and air-sea flux parameterizations in fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean modeling systems for both research and operations in coastal and open oceans; (4) to examine the effects of surface waves on OML dynamics and the impact of TCs on the ocean in a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean modeling system, and (5) to evaluate and further improve the coupled modeling systems using satellite data (including SAR observed waves and winds, scatterometer winds, sea surface temperature/upper ocean temperature, and clouds/precipitation), in situ observations from ONR field campaigns in the Western Pacific, and laboratory measurements (e.g., the wave tank at the University of Miami).


A new method using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector(HPLC-UV) was developed to analyze pymetrozine residue in fresh and cured tobacco leaves. Samples were extracted with methanol, cleaned up with Solid Phase Extraction Column(SPE) of C18 and PSA, analyzed and quantified using HPLC-UV with external standards. The average recovery rate at spiked levels of 0.02-5.0 mg/kg ranged from 94.0%-99.3% for fresh tobacco leaves and 89.0%-96.1% for cured tobacco leaves, with relative standard deviations(RSD) of 0.74%-3.88% and 0.73%-3.03%, respectively. The limit of quantification(LOQ) in fresh and cured tobacco leaves were both 0.02 mg/kg. Field experiments were performed in Qingdao, Shandong Province and Changsha, Hu'nan Province. Results from dynamic analysis showed that pymetrozine level declined quickly in green tobacco leaves with half-lives of 4.2-8.8 d. The final residues of pymetrozine in cured tobacco leaves were determined after the second and third application at levels of 150 and 225 a.i.g/hm2, which were all below the MRL set by CORESTA(1.0 mg/kg).


BACKGROUND Killary Harbour is located on the western coast of Ireland. It lies in a shallow fjard and has a very dynamic tidal environment causing dynamic geomorphology within the harbour. The depth of the harbour ranges from 5 to 45 m and has a semidiurnal meso-tidal range of 3.7 meters (Cooper, 2006). The majority of the rocks that comprise this area are Neoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic meta-sedimentary rocks, Ordovician sandstone, slate & volcanic rocks, Silurian sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate (Bedrock Geology of Ireland). The purpose of this study is to determine the cause and affects of the channeling around the rock outcrops and if the bottom hardness and composition affects this channeling. ABSTRACT Killary Harbour, a fjard located on Ireland's western coast was mapped by the Marine Institute of Ireland and Geological Survey of Ireland as part of INFOMAR using the R/V Celtic Voyager's Kongsberg EM2040 multibeam sonar. The harbour's shallow water depth ranges from 5 to 45 m, allowing for high resolution data. Using CARIS HIPS 9.0 post-processing software, multibeam sonar bathymetry and backscatter intensity surfaces with 2 m resolution were created to analyze the harbour's geologic features and bottom hardness. This study focused on comparing different rocky outcrops that are surrounded by sediment to determine how the outcrops affect the area in this dynamic tidal environment. Similar channels in sediments near large rocky outcrops were compared and used to determine an association between the channeling around the rocky outcrops and the varying bottom hardness in the adjacent sediment areas.


Since proteins carry out their functions through interactions with other molecules, accurately identifying the protein-ligand binding site plays an important role in protein functional annotation and rational drug discovery. In the past two decades, a lot of algorithms were present to predict the protein-ligand binding site. In this paper, we introduce statistical depth function to define negative samples and propose an SVM-based method which integrates sequence and structural information to predict binding site. The results show that the present method performs better than the existent ones. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on training set are 77.55%, 56.15%, and 87.96%, respectively; on the independent test set, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 80.36%, 53.53%, and 92.38%, respectively.


Kasahun Woldemariam. Myths and Realities in the Distribution of Socioeconomic Resources and Political Power in Ethiopia. New York: University Press of America, 2006. 304 pp. Figures. Tables. Illustrations. Appendix. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $39.95. Paper. The field of Ediiopian studies is a stuffy attic desperately in need of fresh air. Original interpretations based on factual evidence are hard to come by; this book does not make progress in that direction, not because of a lack of intent, but because the evidence brought to bear simply does not prove the author's argument. Kasahun Woldemariam argues that the Amhara were not a privileged ethnic group in Ethiopian history and that the current regime has accepted this idea of historical privilege and set about trying to right historic wrongs with catastrophic effects. In doing so the author has set a high bar for gathering historical evidence that would prove the point, and disproving the work of many other scholars of Ethiopian history. That goal is stated in the introduction, after which the book digresses into a discussion of democratic institutions and development policies. Only in chapters 5 and 6 does the author begin to tackle the issue of disproving Amhara domination. But the statistics he uses do not provide sufficient evidence. For example, examining the percentages of students enrolled in various kinds of schools during the Haile Selassie era, he finds that a higher percentage of students in the south were enrolled in private schools than elsewhere; he concludes that since private schools were better than government schools, people in the south were better off. Apart from the fact that this seems to prove the fact that the government invested more in the north (the Amhara area), the reader is not given the percentage of schoolage children enrolled in school in each province. This is just one example of the unconvincing use of evidence to support the author's argument. Moreover, as the author never details which ethnic groups live in which provinces, readers without prior understanding of the political and ethnic geographies of Ethiopia will be hopelessly lost. Other points also ring false to those familiar with Ethiopian history. Arguing that the term "Amhara" was used to denote someone as a Christian, Woldemariam then describes the use of the term "Amhara" to denote an ethnic group as the work of "contemporary political entrepreneurs." It would be more accurate to say that the change occurred around 1900 or even earlier. …


Dual-polarization radar variables, such as differential reflectivity $(\mathrm{Z}_{\mathrm{dr}})$, are simulated from observed microphysical property of snowflakes. The increases of particle mass and aspect ratio are found to have opposite effects on $\mathrm{Z}_{\mathrm{dr}}$, This contradictory effect is different in various riming condition. The results of simulation were adopted to interpret radar observations, which are found to agree with the current hypothesis of riming process.


Despite its traumas, 2020 was a banner year for scholarship on modern Chinese art history. In addition to the reviewed book, the field saw the publication of at least three other books by first-time authors last year.1 This is significant because the field has produced few monographs on the socialist period since the pioneering publications of the 1990s. Christine I. Ho's book Drawing from Life reaches beyond existing scholarship to demystify aspects of socialist cultural production that were shrouded in period jargon. Ho's analysis is generated from the images, privileging artists' aesthetic decisions rather than their biographies; in doing so, she keeps the focus on artistic agency rather than political circumstances beyond individual control. The payoff is a book of sophisticated theoretical and formal analysis that offers a nuanced view into the complex aesthetic changes that shaped visual culture in the first seventeen years of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Readers familiar with posters, socialist realist oil paintings, portraits of Mao, or revolutionary woodcuts may wonder what a study of "drawing from life" can possibly tell us about modern Chinese art. Recognizing that the state-mandated practice of sketching has been a ubiquitous yet underexamined element of artmaking in China since 1949, Ho narrates artistic developments in new China from the bottom up, exploring how artists adapted to this technical and ideological requirement. Earlier writers have described the economic and institutional changes that the Communist Party implemented in the Chinese art world after the establishment of the PRC and the novelty of the new political subject matter, but a major contribution of Ho's analysis is to recognize this universal artistic experience, including "mass sketching," as a major source of artistic change and innovation in visual art between 1949 and 1976.


In mid‐gestation, the finding of an increase in the ophthalmic artery second to first peak of systolic velocity ratio (PSV ratio) provides useful prediction of subsequent development of pre‐eclampsia (PE). The objective of this study of an unselected population at 19–23 weeks' gestation was to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence ophthalmic artery Doppler by examining the possible association between the PSV ratio and maternal cardiovascular function.


The measurement of electric-conductivity of copper alloy is usually influenced by the homogeneity of specimen, analyst and the environ mental temperature. We adopt the method of the relative composite standard uncertainty for estimating the uncertainty of copper alloy electric-conductivity measured by Kelvin method.


process. The first problem is created by the lack of agreement among the specialists in this field concerning what reading is. Is it the development of a set of habits and the mastery of mechanics? If so, one would confine measurement to certain standardized devices, particularly the ophthalmograph, but comparatively few specialists are willing to accept this limited definition of reading. Is reading the ability to get facts from the printed page? If so, reading achievement can be tested with a high degree of reliability, but this definition is likewise regarded by most experts as too narrow. Is the most important characteristic of reading the ability to carry on the varied and complex processes which we commonly associate with thinking? Most specialists apparently prefer this view of reading. If this concept of the nature of reading is generally accepted, measurement in this field covers not only the testing of reading habits and of skill in obtaining facts from printed matter, but it also includes the appraisal of ability to comprehend all types of reading materials, to form judgments, to appreciate literary quality, to apply generalizations, and to perform the varied kinds of mental activity characteristic of the fields of literature, natural science, social science, and the fine and practical arts, and of everyday living. A second problem of measurement is created by the fact that, although it is recognized that there is a variety of kinds of comprehension, apparently no one has thus far formulated a list of the kinds of comprehension that is uniformly accepted as a basis of instruction. Until we are agreed on just what reading comprehension includes, it is useless to try to construct a test which will satisfy everyone. Certain psychologists have attempted to obtain a mathematical resolution of this question by means of factor analysis, but thus far these studies have not been carried far enough to serve as a generally accepted basis of testing. A third problem of measurement finds its origin in the nature of word meaning. A test of vocabulary is generally accepted as a standard part of a reading test. A large proportion of


The Herring Gull Larus argentatus is considered a regular but scarce visitor to Spain, but its detailed status is uncertain. Here I present a compilation of published (primarily annual bird reports) and unpublished information (internet forums, direct communications by local ornithologists, ringing recoveries) to clarify the distribution and numbers of Herring Gulls in Spain, and their origins. More detailed information on age composition and phenology is presented for Asturias (NW Spain), perhaps the region where the species is most studied. According to ring recoveries (n = 43), the majority of Herring Gulls visiting Spain belong to the subspecies L. a. argenteus (mainly from the British Isles), with only 7% coming from breeding areas of the Nordic subspecies L. a. argentatus. Most observations occur in autumn and winter, being scarcer in spring and summer, and numbers vary between years. Two-thirds of birds recorded were in their first two years of life, with adults comprising only a quarter of the total. Ringing recoveries suggest Herring Gulls were more common in Spain 30+ years ago than at present. Data from winter censuses in Asturias between 2002 and 2007 gave a mean proportion of 1.06% Herring Gulls amongst the Yellow-legged Gull L. michahellis contingent. It is estimated that between 250 and 400 Herring Gulls are present in Asturias in mid January, and between 500 and 700 in the whole of Spain at the time of the winter censuses. There are two possible but unconfirmed attempts of breeding. Introduction Historically, few Spanish ornithologists have dedicated time to gull watching, but in recent years there has been an upsurge in the number of people doing so. Many taxa of gulls require clarification of their status in Spain, both numerically and temporally, and one such species is the Herring Gull Larus argentatus. Herring Gulls breed along the Atlantic coasts of Europe, except in Iberia, the subspecies L. a. argenteus from France north through the British Isles to Faroe and Iceland, and L. a. argentatus from Norway and Germany east through the Baltic counties to northwest Russia, with an overlap zone in the Low Counties and western Germany (Malling Olsen & Larsson 2004). Northernmost continental populations are the most migratory, and both subspecies winter regularly as far south as the UK and France. There is little relevant information about the species' status in Spain in older (e.g. García Sánchez 1990) or more recent studies (Álvarez Laó 2004; Sandoval Rey 2005), and the basic information remains that which was contributed by several ornithologists for the book Seabirds of Spain and Portugal (Aves marinas de España


GaN-based enhancement-mode (E-mode) HEMTs are attracting significant interest for integration of control circuitry and for the added safety of a normally-off device in power switching applications. While previous work reports excellent performance by gate-recessing' and Fluorine-based plasma treatment2, the Schottky gate turn-on voltage of these devices are at most 2 V. Because highpower switching applications require a threshold voltage of over 1 V for gate signal noise immunity, increasing the gate turn-on voltage is crucial. Utilization of p-GaN barrier below the gate3 depletes the channel and increases the gate turn-on voltage to 3 V, rendering it attractive for high-power applications. In this report we present a p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN E-mode HEMTs with a 3 V gate turn-on and maximum output current exceeding 0.3 A/mm. In addition, pulsed I-V measurement and small-signal performance of these devices are presented and the design space of p-GaN gated E-mode HEMTs are investigated for high-power switching applications.


The invention discloses a scraper conveyor, in particular to a simple tail of a scraper conveyor and solves the problem that the scraper conveyor is required to be adjusted because of collapsed columns during coal mining on the underground working surface of a coal mine. The simple tail comprises a tail frame, transverse tail baffles, a chain wheel and chain wheel lubricating devices, wherein the chain wheel is fixed on the tail frame through a pressure block; the transverse tail baffles are arranged on two sides of the tail frame; the chain wheel lubricating devices are arranged on the transverse tail baffles; and pushing lugs are arranged on the outer sides of the transverse tail baffles. The tail is simple in structure, rational and reliable in design; and a phenomenon that lots of coal pillars are abandoned because of the collapsed columns during coal mining in the underground coal mine is avoided, so that waste of resources are avoided only by replacing the simple tail and moving around the hollow collapsed columns, the mining rate is improved, and the tail is conveniently and flexibly operated.


The apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. However, its effect on lipid metabolic pathways, and their mediating effect on disease risk, is poorly understood.


This paper mainly explored how to train the applied talents in practice going hand in hand with theory of the human resources management in our institute.It proposed it is a foundation to pay attention to practice teaching;organization guarantee is the key;it is the root to strengthen the construction of training bases inside and outside school,and practice going hand in hand with theory is an important formation.


Recent MRI techniques have been introduced that can extract microstructural information in the white matter, such as the density or macromolecular content. Translating quantitative MRI to the clinic raises many challenges in terms of acquisition strategy, modeling of the MRI signal, artifact corrections, and metric extraction (template registration and partial volume effects). In this work, we investigated the scan–rescan repeatability of several quantitative MRI techniques in the human spinal cord.


A paradigm shift in understanding the role of teachers signifies that a teacher's responsibility goes beyond imparting knowledge to students; it also involves shaping a child's character. Teachers must be capable of guiding and directing students to reach their potential in various aspects of life. As change agents, teachers are not just educators but also mentors, motivators, and sources of inspiration for students. The research method used in this study is literature research, with data collection techniques. This research employs the literature review or literature study method. It consists of three phases: organizing the research, synchronizing results, and identifying findings in each literature review. The data analysis technique employed by the researcher is qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the paradigm shift reflects a change in the mindset of the teaching approach, including changes in the role and responsibility of teachers.


This summary relates to the consultation held at St Georges' House, Windsor, England in February 2018 (https://www.stgeorgeshouse.org/). The attendees came from across Europe and from the USA, and they discussed a range of initiatives designed to address the challenges in modern family justice and the changes in the social, political and economic environments which are impacting on family life across the globe. While the challenges are very similar the approach to resolving them varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The attendees concluded that there is much we can learn from each other and greater cooperation between family justice professionals across geographic boundaries would be highly beneficial.


Synthesis of new drug for anticancer activity has always been fascinating and interesting for researchers. Increase in the demand for new anticancer agents promotes the researchers for synthesizing new molecules with good activity on human cancer cell lines. Here design, synthesis and cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity of delavayin A is described. The structure of this synthesized compound was confirmed by (IR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. The synthesized compound was evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity by using Brine shrimp assay and on PC 3 and HL-60 cancer cell lines at Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai. The compound was also evaluated for antimicrobial activity by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique. The synthesized cyclopeptide possessed moderate cytotoxic activity against cell lines and found to show moderate activity against Gram positive bacteria.

 Key words: Cyclopeptide, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, p-nitro phenyl ester method.


Background: As the world is becoming a global village, international exchange of goods and services is likewise unfolding. Countries develop the international educational qualifications framework to ensure that professionals participating in the exchange have the same standard competencies. These qualification frameworks follow outcome-based education (OBE). Objectives: This paper describes the legal, political, and administrative foundations of OBE in the Philippines, as well as the basic principles of OBE as a quality assurance, curriculum, and instructional design. Methodology: Outputs presented and critiqued during seminars and workshops organized by the Technical Committee on Medical Education (TCME), consultations with stakeholders, review of existing health sciences curricula and relevant literature were done. This is a documentation of the TCME journey. Results: The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, Philippine Qualifications Framework, the Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order Number 46, and the global call for transformative education serve as precursors of OBE in the Philippines. OBE is the educational system preparing students to meet the highest standards of a particular profession. These standards are designed back into program outcomes, competencies, and converted into instructional goals and objectives. These same components serve as the bases for selecting what topics to include, how to teach, and assess them at the highest standards required by the actual workplace. Conclusion: OBE is designed to match education with actual employment. Philippine higher education institutes are encouraged to implement OBE not only to be locally and globally competitive but also to work for transformative education. Key words: outcome-based education, medical education, transformative education, Philippine qualifications framework, curriculum planning


Two savvy treats on one day. Jeremy Keith takes a general look at the power of internet companies in his post on Ends and means.