A standard-free method for small lymph node and spleen samples taken from rats, and lymph node, esophagus, colon etc. taken from real patients has been developed in order to take measure to meet increasing demands for quantitative analyses of small amount of organs. It becomes possible to quantitatively analyze organ samples of less than 1 mg collected from small experimental animals and also from patients by biopsy, and accuracy and sensitivity of the method were examined by comparing the results with those obtained by a powdered-internal-standard method and a chemical-ashing method. It is found that the method is quite effective for estimating therapeutic effect of CDDP (Cisplatin) since it allows us to quantitatively evaluate uptake of CDDP into organs by analyzing small quantity of samples taken from actual patients by biopsy. It is expected that the method will become a powerful tool for studies not only in fundamental and clinical medicines but also on practical diagnosis and treatment.


A Self-healing infrastructure allows to observe the behavior of a system, determining its health status, and applying measures to restore the correct state of the application. In recent years our work has focused on the design and implementation of Self-healing architectures, which support applications based on Web Services (WS). This paper presents an improved Self-healing architecture, which proposes a distributed control in its components. The results obtained by applying this new Self-healing architecture to a distributed Digital Library application show a trend towards a better availability of resources.


This study aims to develop Crocle Math learning media to improve the understanding of mathematical concepts in junior high school mathematics learning that is valid, practical and effective. The research method used in this study is research and development (R&D). The research design used is Borg & Gall. The subjects in this study were media experts, material experts and VII grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Dau One Roof. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets to determine the validity of the media, student response questionnaires to determine the practicality of the media, and mathematical concept understanding test tests to determine the effectiveness of the media. The results of this study indicate that the results of the Crocle Math media development receive a valid category based on the validation by material experts with a percentage of 88% and media experts with a percentage of 96% with both in the very good category. In addition, based on the practicality of the media from the results of student response questionnaires get a percentage of 77% with a practical category and the effectiveness of the media from the results of the mathematical concept understanding test test results that students' concept understanding in learning mathematics has increased based on the scores they get. The results of both tests get an n-gain score of 0.63 with a moderate category. Therefore, Crocle Math media is declared as valid, practical and effective media for learning mathematics.


This paper briefly introduces the production technique, production cost and price, the relation between quality and antifoam agent and the application of the carbon- ammonium additive, expounds the bubbling and liquid- arising problem, the laminating problem, the technical process and operation management of the addition of the additive occurring in the course of the application of the carbon- ammonium additive, and puts forward some corresponding measures.


having fastening element (1) in the form of a ring bolt having a ring-opening (4) comprising the annular body (2) which is connected with an end portion (12) of a fastening bolt (3), the distance from this end region (12) in its fastening position with part of their surface from the outer surface (16) of the fastening bolt (3) has excellent balls (17) guided by means of an inside of the fastening bolt (3), against the force of a spring longitudinally axially movable bolt element are held in their fastening position, characterized in that that the annular body (2) outside its ring opening (4) shackle-like extended and the end portion (12) of the fastening bolt (3) pivotally between the shackle ends (5, 6) is fixed.


As many as six million U.S. homeowners are facing foreclosure during 2009 and beyond. Delinquent residential mortgages are at the heart of the ongoing financial crisis, as they have been packaged into mortgage-related securities originally worth trillions of dollars, but now valued at substantial discounts. I propose to address this crisis by striking at the heart of the problem - by refinancing delinquent mortgages. Approximately $300 billion in TARP or stimulus funds would be used to write down the principal on these mortgages so that new mortgages would meet underwriting guidelines for debt-to-income ratios. Delinquent mortgages would be repaid in the refinancing, eliminating approximately $1.5 trillion in toxic assets from the balance sheets of lenders and the asset pools underlying mortgage-related securities. This proposal is designed to achieve three goals: (1) to enable as many as six million families to avoid eviction and stay in their homes; (2) to recapitalize the banking system; and (3) to detoxify mortgage-related securities by eliminating delinquent mortgages from the underlying pool of assets, thereby avoiding the need for complex "price discovery" plans for pricing these toxic securities. This program deals with a number of practical problems that have dogged other proposals, including how to provide for significant principal reduction, how prevent ruthless defaults by healthy but underwater borrowers, how to deal with second-lien holders, how to deal with mortgages in pools of securitized assets, and how to properly price toxic mortgage-related securities.


Three novel prenylated xanthones, 1–3, have been isolated from the root bark of Garcinia gerrardii HARVEYex T. R. SIM (G. natalensis SCHLECHTER; G. transvaalensis BURTT DAVY; Guttiferae). Structure elucidation was achieved by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques, including long-range HETCOR, mass spectroscopy, and chemical methods. Garcigerrin A (1) and B (2) are pyrano derivatives of 3. They all show a rare 1,4,5 oxygenation pattern of the xanthone nucleus. Xanthone 3 is fungicidal against Cladosporium cucumerinum.


Multipurpose dual method (fluorescence and CD) probes differentiate between various ds-RNA/RNA structures and specifically recognise Watson–Crick pairing complementary poly G.


The presence of oral synechia along with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a first case in the literature reported to date. We encountered a case of SCT accompanied by congenital lateral oral synechia without cleft palate. It was asymptomatic and accidental finding. It was resolved spontaneously. It may be considered Type 6 as isolated lateral synechia with extending from hard palate to the lateral part of the tongue.


An article published in Czechoslovakia just before the Soviet invasion of 1968, which stopped the progress of the economic reform aiming to transform the centrally planned command economy into a kind of market socialism. The article was acknowledging that the Marxian economics have no satisfactory answer to von Mises' claim, that the socialist economy cannot work, if it removes the possibility of 'economic calculation' that requires the operation of the free market system.


Although the Mehdiabad zinc‐lead deposit is one of the most well‐known deposits in the central Iran structural zone, the genesis of the deposit remains controversial. The host rock of the ore is a dolomitic limestone of the Lower Cretaceous Taft Formation. In the two main orebodies of the deposit, which includes the Black Hill and East Ridge ore zones, the oxide and sulfide ores are observed at the surface and at depth, respectively. The elements Zn, Fe, Mn and Mg are more abundant in the East Ridge ore zone (in both sulfide and oxide ores), with Ba, Pb, Ag and Cu being more abundant in the Black Hill oxide ore. Based on the distribution of elements and their correlation with each other in these ore zones, the elements are divided into three general groups, that of terrigenous elements, chemically‐deposited elements and ore‐forming (hydrothermally deposited) elements, a division that is supported by the results of factor analyses. The spatial distribution of elements is jointly affected by contact with host rocks, the boundary of oxide‐sulfide ores and fault zones. The main factors governing the distribution of elements are the mechanical transfer of detrital sediments, chemical sedimentation, transfer by hydrothermal fluids, oxidation and surface dissolution, all of which affected the spatial distribution of elements. The ore‐forming elements are mostly affected by hydrothermal fluids and oxidation. This study not only provides additional information about the genesis of the Mehdiabad deposit, but also could assist in the exploitation of ore and further exploration purposes. The results of this study can aid in the exploration and exploitation of the Mehdiabad deposit and similar deposits in the region.


Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can serve as a potentially limitless source of cells that may enable regeneration of diseased tissue and organs. Here we investigate the use of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) in promoting recovery from cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse model. Using microarrays, we have described the hESC-CM transcriptome within the spectrum of changes that occur between undifferentiated hESCs and fetal heart cells. The hESC-CMs expressed cardiomyocyte genes at levels similar to those found in 20-week fetal heart cells, making this population a good source of potential replacement cells in vivo. Echocardiographic studies showed significant improvement in heart function by 8 weeks after transplantation. Finally, we demonstrate long-term engraftment of hESC-CMs by using molecular imaging to track cellular localization, survival, and proliferation in vivo. Taken together, global gene expression profiling of hESC differentiation enables a systems-based analysis of the biological processes, networks, and genes that drive hESC fate decisions, and studies such as this will serve as the foundation for future clinical applications of stem cell therapies. Citation: Cao F, Wagner RA, Wilson KD, Xie X, Fu J-D, et al. (2008) Transcriptional and Functional Profiling of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003474 Editor: Marie Csete, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States of America Received May 2, 2008; Accepted September 26, 2008; Published October 22, 2008 Copyright: 2008 Cao et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the BWF CAMS, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, NIH HL089027, and CIRM RS1-00322 (JCW). This work was also supported in part by NIH CA114747 (SSG), NIH HL076445 (RAW), and NIH HL72857 (RAL). Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.


Information technologies provide an opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of the enterprise operation based on a statistical data bulk. The problem of quantity assessment of quality indicators arises when there is a necessity to process a statistical data bulk concerning the enterprise effectiveness. A solution to this problem is a quality metering model designed to assess the enterprise activities. A methodology has been developed with a view to working out a quality metering model for completing an integral quantity assessment of the state of the enterprise socio-economic development. The methodology of developing a quality metering model of the integral quantity evaluation of the qualitative state of the objects of the given group is based on the approaches to the development of a fuzzy set model proposed by A. O. Nedosekin. The algorithm of receiving the integral indicator of the evaluation of the present state and dynamics of the socio-economic development of enterprises includes five iterative steps on every convolution level. The research findings have made it possible to apply the fuzzy set model developed by A. O. Nedosekin to a wider field. Thus, the author has developed the methodology by A. O. Nedosekin, allowing an integral assessment of the enterprise state as a result of a single convolution phase to apply it to a multiple-tier convolution of two groups of indicators (social and economic ones) as well as develop a quality metering model to assess the state of the enterprise socio-economic development. The results of the research are presented below: the algorithm of formation of the quality metering model of the integral quantity evaluation of the qualitative state of the socio-economic development of enterprises has been given further development. The suggested novation includes both getting an integral parameter of the enterprise activities and developing the a quality metering model based on the four-tier indices convolution, which considers the dynamics of their changes within a particular period of time and has ultimate (normative) values of certain parameters; basing on the implementation of the proposed algorithm of the formation of the integral E&S indicator, a quality metering model has been built to characterize the relative degree of influence of its elements on the state of the enterprise socio-economic development.


Endospores staining is the type of staining to recognize the presence spore in bacterial vegetative cells. The bacterial endospores need a staining which can penetrate wall thickness of spore bacteria. A method of endospores staining is Schaeffer Fulton method that used Malachite Green. It is an alkaline substance staining that can staining the spore bacteria. In this research, it have found the alternative staining that can replace Malachite Green solution in spore bacterial stain. The alternative staining used is Methylene Blue solution (0,5 %, 0,7%, and 1% concentration) with pH variation (10, 11, and 12), and varyous heating time (3, 4, and 5 minutes). The all treatments staining have been effect on bacterial spores staining results. The warming time greatly affect the dye to penetrate the walls of bacterial spores, this can be seen in the results with various concentration at pH 10, indicates that the not long warm-up time 3 and 4 minutes, bacterial spores are not stained, while in the longer heating time is 5 minutes bacterial spores stained. This is caused because the longer heating time can make the pores of spore wall is open so that can facilitate the dye to get into the bacterial spores.


From March 2020 o the present day, Brazil has been affected by the pandemic and we are still going through a period we did not expect, in which a global pandemic changed the course of the world, changing the presente and raising a question mark about to the future of na entire society, from the people/companies that had a well defined planning prior to this unexpected event, but mainly the companies/people that did not a have a series os factors, from planning to a defined action plan for the most different situations that my arise. Before 2020, approximately 80% of micro and small companies closed their doors in the first five years. Such a frightening number tends to remain or even increase, now from 2023, when the world gradually returned to normal activities after the restorarion of normality. Through a deductive methodology, the article in question aims to show the importance of Financial Management, especially in the Post-Pandemic world, making a parallel between the so-called individuals and Legal Entities, suggesting a simplified step-by-step, in which its implementation will improve health financial both personal and business, thus establishing a financial awareness.


This paper,taking senior citizens in agglomeration of Zang-Qiang nationalities in May 12th earthquake-hit areas as research objects,in the forms of questionnaire,interview and observation,analyzes the normal social support in a normal society before the earthquake in comparison with the non-normal social support in a non-normal society after the earthquake.Before the earthquake,the local senior citizens get various social support mainly from their families,friends and neighbors,but after the earthquake,there are diverse sources of social support and the country,society and organizations begin to play more obvious roles.The research shows that the non-normal social situation of post-earthquake has almost restored or even developed into another kind of normal social situation.But in the non-normal social situation,the senior citizens' social support also changes.Family will still be the object where the senior citizens get various social supports.The country will provide support for the senior citizens by establishing society-guaranteed system.The society will play a more effective role in providing and raising social capital.In conclusion,family,society and country are united together to establish a stable social-support-network for the senior citizens and any citizen of all ages as well.


Abstract To determine the temporal response of the fetal pulmonary circulation to pharmacologic vasodilators and to assess vasoreactivity following vasodilation, we infused either acetylcholine, histamine, or bradykinin directly into the left pulmonary artery of 21 chronically prepared fetal sheep. Blood flow (Q) to the left lung was measured by electromagnetic flow transducer. Left pulmonary artery infusion of acetylcholine at 1.5 μg · min-1 for 2 hr produced an increase in Q from 59 ± 8 ml · min-1 to a peak of 113 ± 10 ml · min-1 at 20 min into the infusion (P < 0.001). After the peak at 20 min, Q steadily declined toward baseline to 66 ± 7 ml · min-1 at the end of the 2-hr infusion period (P < 0.01). Q in the 1/2-hr period following infusion was significantly less than the baseline period (47 ± 6; P < 0.04) with no change in pulmonary artery pressure. Similar patterns were seen with 2-hr infusions of histamine (150 ng · min-1) and bradykinin (100 ng · min-1). After a 2-hr infusion of one of the agents, a repeat infusion with that agent or a different one resulted in a diminished response. We conclude that fetal pulmonary vasodilation in response to local infusion of acetylcholine, histamine, or bradykinin is not sustained over a 2-hr period, and that following 2-hr exposure to vasodilators, pulmonary vascular resistance is increased and pulmonary vasoreactivity to pharmacologic vasodilators is decreased.


The mathematical requirements for an undergraduate program in Computer Science are a subject of debate. The Association for Computing Machinery's Curriculum Committee, however, believes that these requirements are essentially the same as the mathematical content of physical sciences undergraduate programs. The Committee believes that these requirements should assure the student of a broad mathematical background and should enable him to take a wide variety of courses in other scientific disciplines. The Committee's concern is to develop a solid scientific approach to Computer Science.


95% of hair loss in men is caused by Androgenetic Alopecia. Major
causes of hair loss are Stress, Pollution, Lack of nutrition, Illness,
Alcohol, Smoking, Effluvium. For hair loss should we take oral
drugs or apply topically on hair? It's a big question for all of us.
Before discussion we need to know the Hair Constituents: Human
hair consists of approximately 65 % to 95 %protein. Besides cystine,
human hair cuticle contains cysteic acid, proline, thereonine,
isoleucine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine in quite
high proportion. The remaining constituents are water, lipid, pigment
& trace elements that are not free but bound with protein or fatty
acids side chain. So…? Consumed food products should contain;
PROTEIN, LIPID, WATER and TRACE ELEMENTS. For direct
impact on structure, growth and keeping hair shiny and healthy.
Standard value proteins containing Sulphur amino acids: Cysteine
& Methionine as precursor to keratin hair protein Synthesis are basic
element of diet conditioning of hair building.


Based on vehicle dynamics and finite element analysis of rail dynamics, the wheel-rail relation acts as the connection, while rolling stock is considered as a whole system. With the help of computer simulation and the general finite element dynamics analyzing software ANYSYS/LS-DYNA, a vehicle-ballastless track- foundation coupling model is built, which is used to analyze the impact of driving comfort of ballastless track in different rail pads. This result will be compared with the on-site experimental data and get a conclusion of optimizing the related performance of ordinary rail pad to take place of filled in rail pad and insure the vehicle stability and comfort. Currently, lots of new technologies, construction technologies and equipment are applied to Passenger Dedicated Railway, and high technical content, high standard fastening system are gradually promoted, however, there is no systematic study of impact on driving comfort of fastening system at static and dynamic conditions Being the significant part of fastening system, the rail pad directly affects the vehicle comfort and safety. Different kinds of rail pads affect differently on driving comfort. Based on the vehicle dynamics and finite element analysis of rail dynamics,the wheel/rail relation acts as the connection, while rolling stock is considered as a whole system. With the help of computer simulation and the general finite element dynamics software ANYSYS/LS-DYNA, a vehicle-ballastless track-foundation is built, which is used to have a dynamic simulation on track's dynamic performance, when the fastening system uses different rail pads, the ordinary and the filled in rail pad, whose results will be compared with the on-site experimental data, and have a study on the feasibility of the replacement of the filled in rail pad after optimizing the related performance of ordinary one, providing a theoretical basis for a reduce of the maintenance of track.


This paper presents new examples of the functional-integral description of nonrelativistic quantum processes. The main point is the development and application of a functional-integral version which gives an adequate representation of the coherent dynamics of short impulses of light in media. An exact correspondence is received between the physical picture and functional-integral trajectories as the solutions of Euler-Lagrange equations with given initial and final conditions. The observed examples demonstrate the powerfulness of the path-integral method in the functional treatment and will promote the non-operator representation of quantum mechanics and quantum statistics.


AbstractGoals of Work. To examine the reliability between the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain intensity and pain interference scores in patients with bone Metastases. To also measure the correlation of pain interference with both Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and enjoyment of life.Patients and Methods. Patients with bone Metastases receiving palliative radiotherapy for bone pain rated their intensity and interference of pain using the BPI before, 10 consecutive days after, and one month following treatment. All patients were prescribed 8 mg of dexamethasone prior to treatment in hopes of preventing a pain flare. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency using Cronbach's coefficient alpha at baseline and follow-up. Spearman's correlation coefficient measured the correlation between pain interference and KPS or enjoyment of life at baseline.Main Results. Between January 2004 and October 2005, thirty-three patients (10 female and 23 male) were accrued. Twenty-two were available for one-mo...


The invention discloses an automatic tracking solar road lamp system which comprises a solar battery assembly, a bracket, a bracket support column, an intelligent controller, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery set, a waterproof control box, a lamp pole, a light source and a substrate, wherein the solar battery assembly is fixed on the bracket; the bracket is fixed on the bracket support column; and the intelligent controller, the photovoltaic controller and the storage battery set are located in the waterproof control box. The solar road lamp system also comprises a rotary member and a lifting member, wherein the rotary member is located on the side face of the lamp pole; the upper end of the rotary member is connected with the bracket support column; and the lower end of the rotary member is connected with the lifting member. The solar road lamp system has high efficiency, convenience in maintenance and suitability for use in different areas.


Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator – A Review. The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is a treatment option for patients at temporarily high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) or in whom implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is temporarily not possible. This review summarizes the current evi dence and serves as a position paper for indications and use of the WCD. J Kardiol 2017; 24 (9-10): 206–11.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether early catheter removal following transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) is safe and whether it has any effect on the length of hospital stay.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Following transurethral prostatectomy 59 patients were randomized into one of two groups: those whose catheter was removed on day 1 after surgery and those whose catheter was removed on day 2. The incidence of complications and the duration of post-operative hospital stay were assessed.

RESULTS
Catheter removal on day 1 led to a significantly shorter post-operative hospital stay (2.3 days versus 3.3 days) and did not incur a higher incidence of complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Removal of the catheter on the first day following TURP is safe in selected patients and leads to a shorter post-operative hospital stay.


AbstractThis paper presents the findings of an extensive laboratory investigation on the geotechnical properties of waste excavation rock in pavement subbases. The waste excavation rock used in this study originated from "basalt floaters," or surface excavation basalt rock (basalt). Traditionally, this material would have been disposed as waste, often into landfill. The engineering properties of the crushed basaltic waste rock were compared with the local road authority specifications to assess its performance as a pavement subbase material. The experimental program was extensive and included tests such as particle size distribution, modified Proctor compaction, particle density, water absorption, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion loss, pH, organic content, static triaxial, and repeated load triaxial tests. The Los Angeles abrasion loss value obtained indicated that the crushed basaltic waste rock is durable. California bearing ratio values were found to satisfy the local state road authority...


Now a days a huge data is generated by social media like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube .This big data present opportunities and challenges to study collective behavior of data. In this work, we predict collective behavior in social media. In particular, given information about some individuals, how can we infer the behavior of unobserved individuals in the same network? A social-dimension-based approach has been shown effective in addressing the heterogeneity of connections presented in social media. However, the networks in social media are normally of colossal size, involving hundreds of thousands of actors. The scale of these networks entails scalable learning of models for collective behavior prediction. To address the scalability issue, we propose an edge-centric clustering scheme to extract sparse social dimensions. With sparse social dimensions, the proposed approach can efficiently handle networks of millions of actors while demonstrating a comparable prediction performance to other non-scalable methods. Index Terms: Classification with Network Data, Collective Behavior, Community Detection, Social Dimensions.


When we began this study, we expected to explore the ways in which engineering student interns become acculturated into the ways professional engineers communicate in the workplace, and we intended to use genre theory to illuminate this process of student initiation into the profession. However, as most researchers know, what we learn in the end is not necessarily what we expect to study in the beginning. That is particularly true for researchers involved in naturalistic studies, especially those that take place over a lengthy period of time. During the course of our investigation, we found ourselves led down unexpected paths: Our subjects behaved in ways we had not anticipated; their behaviors led us to rethink and expand our theoretical constructs, and together the behavior and the theory led us to broader insights about the cultures that we had not intended to explore. To be specific, by the end of the study, we extended and modified our theoretical framework, which was initially based on genre


A case of an epithelial cyst of the fourth ventricle is reported. A 10-month-old girl was admitted because of inactivity, developmental retardation, and enlarged head. On admission she was inactive and the head circumference measured 48.5 cm with tense fontanel and dilatation of scalp veins. Neurological examination showed a slight hyperreflexia in both lower limbs. Computerized tomography scan disclosed a large round low density area in the region of the fourth ventricle and marked dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and a 4 cm diameter cyst within the fourth ventricle was totally removed. The cyst contained watery clear fluid. On light microscopic examination, the cyst wall was composed of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells and thick collagenous connective tissue. Electronmicroscopic study revealed that the epithelial cells rested on a basement membrane separating them from the underlying collagenous tissue. Cilia and microvilli without coating material were occasionally present on the surface of the cells. The literature is reviewed and the origin of the cyst is discussed. The authors suggest that the cyst originated from the developing choroid plexus.


On 25 February 1999, Guatemalans received the much anticipated report of the United Nations-sponsored Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH), Memory of Silence, which detailed wartime atrocities and decades-long American support of the Guatemalan army. This document followed the earlier release of the Catholic church's own REMHI report (Recuperation of Historical Memory Inter-diocesan Project), Guatemala: never again . Using the recently released reports and databases of the CEH and REMHI, we explore the significant use of testimonio as a tool of shared witnessing, collective remembrance, and individual recollection of the special brutality directed against Maya women. Through testimonio, the outcomes of visible and invisible terror and violence in Guatemala are articulated as personal, social and geographic spaces of terror, all of which are gendered and racialised. With the civil war officially over, Maya women of Guatemala see the spaces of terror diminish. Given debates over testimonio, however, the grounds for assault and denial remain fertile.


Optical ranging is one of the most precise techniques for distance measurement. The effects of the density variation of atmosphere, aerosols and clouds on optical ranging precision are generally considered, a new method is proposed for calculating the ranging precision in the presence of aerosol particles and clouds. The size distribution spectrum models for aerosols and clouds in the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds Package (OPAC) are adopted. Results show that aerosols and clouds could introduce errors of several centimeters to several ten meters to the ranging. The relationship between the ranging precision and the relative humidity, the zenith angle of ranging direction and the optical wavelength is also analyzed. The ranging error doesn't have an obvious relationship with the wavelength, but depends on the zenith angle, especially for the angle larger than 70 degree. The ranging error depends on the relative humidity as well. The ranging error induced by aerosols increases gradually with the increase of the relative humidity when the relative humidity is less than 80%, but it increases rapidly when the relative humidity is larger than 80%. Our results could provide a theoretical basis and reference for the application of optical ranging.


As is well known, an enhancement of confinement in magnetic fusion devices leads to a strong increase in the overall performance of the machine. Therefore, fusion power plant studies often assume confinement enhancement factors up to a value of 2 in order to design compact fusion devices. It is thus important to study the limits and possibilities of confinement enhancement. This is done in this work with focus on the helical-axis advanced stellarator line (HELIAS) and with respect to the empirically established stellarator confinement-time scaling ISS04. In the first part of the work a well-established power balance approach is introduced which in combination with stellarator-specific physics limits is used to investigate the impact of confinement enhancement in the sense of the ISS04 renormalisation factor on the required size of HELIAS power plants. It is found that both a lower (0.5) and an upper limit (1.5 – 1.7) exists for which respectively ignition is no longer possible or further confinement enhancement irrelevant due to physics limits. The model and its implications are related to a direct extrapolation of the Wendelstein 7-X machine to reactor conditions in Email address: email@example.com (F. Warmer) Preprint submitted to to Fusion Science and Technology March 24, 2015 order to determine the required confinement enhancement needed for power plant conditions using two boundary scenarios. In the second part of the work a predictive neoclassical transport model is introduced and employed to also directly scale up Wendelstein 7-X in order to determine a self-consistent confinement time based on transport aspects. It is found that the confinement enhancement with respect to the ISS04 scaling decreases in comparison to W7-X as the device is scaled up dropping from ∼ 2.5 to 1.2 – 1.3 for reactor conditions. This behaviour is explained with underlying scaling relations and transport effects. The results from the power balance approach and the predictive transport simulations are compared showing good consistency. This means that the power balance approach, embedded in a systems code can be used to design HELIAS power plants as long as the confinement enhancement is iterated with detailed predictive transport simulations.


This paper applies RBF neural network into the fault diagnosis of motor and constructs the RBF fault diagnosis model of motor.To overcome the limitations of RBF neural network,differential evolutionary algorithm is imported into this paper.The universal search ability of DE algorithm could help us to optimize center,width of basic function and network float weight of RBF neural network,and build the most suitable network model.The experimental result shows that the optimized RBF neural network's generalization ability and diagnosis accuracy have be substantially improved.


Attitude estimation has a wide range of applications including aerial (UAVs for example), underwater (ROVs for instance), navigation systems, robotics, games, augmented reality system, industrial and so on. Extensive research over decades in this field resulted in a number of powerful estimators; complex like Kalman based algorithms as well as simple such as complementary filters & the kinds. For applications where computational simplicity is of prime concern, complementary filters have proven efficiency. This paper presents a comparative study of computationally simple algorithms naming Explicit Complementary


Acknowledgements A Note on Texts and Translations Introduction: How to Do Things With Animals Shakespeare's Beastly Buggers The Cuckoo and the Capon Dead Parrot Sketch Animal Fun for Everyone Further Reading Notes Bibliography


A more complete understanding of lumbar spine kinematics could improve diagnoses and treatment of low back pathologies and may advance the development of biomechanical models. Kinematics describes motion of the five lumbar vertebrae without consideration for the forces that cause the motion. Despite considerable attention from researchers and clinicians, lumbar spine kinematics are not fully understood because the anatomy is not accessible for direct observation and the complex governing biomechanics produce small magnitude, coupled intervertebral movements. The overall goal of this project was to develop a descriptive model of intervertebral lumbar spine kinematics that is applicable to a generalizable subject population with diverse anthropometry. To accomplish this, a method was developed for measuring three-dimensional vertebral configuration using positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method makes use of automated vertebral registration to address time limitations in current data processing techniques and improves the ability to power experimental investigations. Finally, a geometric model of lumbar vertebral kinematics was developed using principal component regression applied to in vivo vertebral measurement data across the range of flexion and extension joint motion. This principal component-based approach offers unique advantages for predicting and interpreting performance of complex systems ii such as lumbar joint biomechanics because no assumptions are made regarding the governing mechanisms. This provides an opportunity to infer mechanistic characteristics about intervertebral joint kinematics and to use in vivo data to validate musculoskeletal models.


This paper analyses rapport management at the opening phase of interaction by Spanish students of English as an L2 in Tourism at the tourist information office. Based on Spencer-Oatey's (2000, 2008, 2009) and Brown and Levinson's (1987) works, it explores the politeness strategies these learners use in three politeness systems (Scollon and Wong-Scollon 1995) to manage rapport through their L2. Thus, this work examines whether these learners' behaviour significantly differs from native speakers'.


It is widely accepted that natural decadal variability played a major role in the slowdown in global warming observed in the 21st century, with sea surface cooling in the tropical Pacific recognized as a major contributor. However, the warming pause was most pronounced during boreal winter, with Northern Hemisphere flow anomalies also playing a role. Here we quantify the contribution of extratropical heat exchanges by comparing geopotential and temperature anomalies simulated by ensembles of seasonal forecasts with similar ocean temperature but different heat fluxes north of 40°N, as a result of planetary wave variability. We show that an important part of heat flux anomalies is associated with decadal variations in the phase of a specific planetary wave pattern. In model simulations covering the last three decades, this variability pattern accounts for a decrease of 0.35°C/decade in the post‐1998 wintertime temperature trend over northern continents.


Coal tar is a hazardous and toxic waste, a by-product of coal gasification processes. Coal tar is a waste produced in industrial fields such as steel, power plant, and the cement industry. As a potential fuel source for its component, utilization of coal tar by catalytic cracking into fuel source and its separation using fractional vacuum distillation is conducted. Pyrolysis of low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) was carried out using catalyst activated natural zeolite by 2:10 ratio at various temperature. The middle oil (180-260°C) fraction was distilled through fractional vacuum distillation using Vigroux column fraction and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). In this study, the rate constant (k) of middle oil recovery was increased with the increase of temperature and reduced pressure. The calorific value, the density, the kinematic viscosity, the flashpoint, the pour point, and the sulfur content of the middle oil complied with diesel oil type 2 specifications. Still, it did not meet the specification for density specifications. The main components of the middle oil fraction were naphthalenes and their derivatives. The results indicated that the raw LTCT could be considerably upgraded through catalytic cracking, obtaining fuel oil fraction.


Abstract Macraes Mine is an open-cut and underground gold mine located in Central Otago, on the South Island of New Zealand, which has extracted over 3 million ounces of gold since production commenced in 1990. We show that a large amount of information can be gained from systematic geological mapping of the Macraes Open Pit such as identifying small to medium scale offsetting faults which can result in reactive mining decisions, validation of grade control assays can result in minimising ore dilution and by regularly collecting the orientations of variable stock works, optimal drilling orientations can be established. The manipulation of two-dimensional (2D) grade control data sets into three-dimensional (3D) views in combination with systematic mapping has allowed us to create the beginnings of a structural model of the hanging wall area. The 3D structural model has already proved to be a powerful tool used for the prediction of offsetting faults and interpretation of how the orebody may react to such faulting.


: This paper presents an effective method for detection and classification of Power Quality Events (PQE), based on Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) for event identification and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for classifying of these events. Firstly, synthetic data such as pure sine as a reference, voltage sag, voltage swell, flicker, transient, voltage with harmonics are created in MATLAB based on TS EN 50160 standard. Database with 480 PQE waveforms is generated with 80 samples for each of the 6 types of the waveform with randomly different event amplitude, beginning occurrence time, time duration, frequency component and angle according to a type of event. FFT is used to extract features of the events by decomposing the signal. Then, 16384×480 data are reduced to 480×480 data by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that is prevent over-learning, obtain less runtime using less computing power and reduce data and storage space. Finally, a total of 480 PQE are classified by using ANN. 336 of these PQE are used for training cluster, 72 of PQE are used for verification and the remaining 72 are used for testing. Firstly, the ANN has been trained correctly. The classification performance of the ANN in PQE has been examined by inserting the test into ANN. The performance of ANN is 99.8% for these PQE. The purpose of this research is to provide an artificial intelligence assistant that can fast and accurately advise the power system operators for the networks, and the results also show that the goal has been achieved.


Previous reports in this series (#32 and 36) have discussed online software features of value to disabled learners in distance education. The current report evaluates four specific assistive software products with useful features for visually and hearing impaired learners: ATutor, ACollab, Natural Voice, and Just Vanilla. The evaluative criteria discussed include the purpose, uses, costs, and features of each software product, all considered primarily from the accessibility perspective.


The pineal gland hormone melatonin regulates several physiological processes including circadian rhythm and also alleviates oxidative stress‐induced degenerative diseases. In spite of its important biological roles, no high level ab initio conformational study has been conducted to reveal its structural features. In this work, the conformational flexibility of melatonin was investigated using correlated ab initio calculations. Conformers, obtained previously at the Hartree‐Fock level (HF/6‐31G*), were fully optimized using second order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory applying the frozen core approximation (MP2(FC)/6‐31G*). Furthermore, single‐point MP4(SDQ,FC)/6‐31G*//MP2(FC)/6‐31G* computations were performed to investigate the effect of higher order perturbation terms. The HF and MP2 conformational spaces are considerably different: the initial 128 structures converged into 102 different local minima as confirmed by frequency calculations; 28 new minima appeared and 26 previous HF local minima disappeared; no "all‐trans" C3 side chain conformations are seen at the MP2(FC) level. The MP2 global minimum conformation is stabilized by an aromatic‐side chain interaction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008


Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACT Inequality in Individual Mortality and Economic Conditions Earlier in Life * We analyze the effect of being born in a recession on the mortality rate later in life in conjunction with social class. We use individual data records from Dutch registers of birth, marriage, and death certificates, covering the period 1815-2000, and we merge these with historical data on macroeconomic outcomes and health indicators. We estimate duration models and inequality measures. The results indicate that being born in a recession increases the mortality rate later in life for most of the population. Lower social classes suffer disproportionally from being born in recessions. This exacerbates mortality inequality. This is not affected by social mobility: upward mobility does not vary much with the business cycle at birth. It turns out that the average long-run economic well-being of the family at birth, the transitory economic shocks at birth, and their interaction, are all relevant determinants of the mortality rate throughout the whole life. Crimmins, for useful comments. The " Historical Sample of the Netherlands Dataset release UZF.02 " was kindly provided by the International Institute of Social History (IISG) in Amsterdam. Some results derived from datasets deposited at the NHDA, and we are grateful for Stichting DANS and Dirk Jan Noordam for permission to use them. Thanks to France Portrait for help with the preparation of the data.


Out-of-plane instability is identified as one of the failure modes of rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) walls. This mode of failure was previously observed in experimental studies of rectangular walls, and has attracted more attention following the observed damage of several walls in the recent earthquakes in Chile and Christchurch. In this study, the sequence of events that were observed during a rectangular wall experiment in which out-of-plane instability was the main and only failure pattern (i.e. the wall response was not influenced by other failure modes such as bar buckling) is discussed. The postulations and observations presented in some prior research on development of out-of-plane instability of concrete columns representing the boundary zones of rectangular walls are linked with the observations made in this experimental research. The half-scale specimen tested herein represents the first story of a four story prototype wall designed according to NZS3101:2006.


Childhood inguinal hernia is a result of a congenital patent processus vaginalis. In order to prevent strangulation of viscera trapped in the defect, surgery is necessary. Conventional operation for childhood inguinal hernia involves the use of a skin incision over the groin to dissect out the sac, taking care not to injure the adjacent important structures, namely the vas deferens and testicular vessels. The sac is then divided and the proximal end transfixed. With the advance in minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic repair of childhood inguinal hernia has been attempted. Modification of the technique by injecting normal saline extraperitoneally before the purse-string closure of the neck of the processus vaginalis has made the procedure safer. An advantage of the laparoscopic procedure is that it allows detection and repair of the contralateral hernia. Randomised controlled trials are still required to verify the suggested advantages of better cosmesis outcome and more efficient pain control. Long-term follow up in a large-scale study is also desirable, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and possible complications of this mode of treatment.


A CMOS image sensor (CIS) that performs compressive sensing (CS) image encoding without compromising the operating speed and hardware complexity is presented in this article. The conversion rate and the frame rate of the sensor are increased by using a high-order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to obtain linear measurements of selected pixel values for CS encoding. Image distortion caused by the nonconstant weight function of high-order ΣΔ ADCs is eliminated by using the proposed sampling technique. The sampling technique makes the effective weights of the inputs to the ADC equal by applying a solution for the set partition problem. In addition, unlike the existing block-based CS encoding scheme that requires complicated analog multiplexers, the proposed column-based CS encoding scheme can be implemented in a hardware-efficient column-parallel fashion, as in conventional CISs. The CIS is fabricated in a 0.11-μm 1P4M CIS process, and the sampling technique and encoding scheme are successfully demonstrated. It achieves a readout noise of 2.63 e-rms and a dynamic range of 67.96 dB with a power consumption of 56.38 mW. The resulting figure of merit is 0.375 e-·nJ, which is the lowest among those of recently reported state-of-the-art CS-CISs.


OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical effects of Yiqi Jianpi Decoction on adolescent pseudo-myopia.METHODS Three hundred and twenty-six cases of standard 326 patients,right eye as the observed object,were randomly controlled and sequentially numbered,divided into A,B groups.Group A(treatment group)took Reinforcing Qi Strengthening Spleen Decoction orally.Group B(control group)used 0.25% tropicamide eyedrops 1 time/day at bedtime.Then followed up the uncorrected visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity,refraction,astigmatism and other subjective and objective refractions.RESULTS ① uncorrected visual acuity: 1,2,3 months after treatment,uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups was not statistically significant(P 0.05);6,12 months after treatment,uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05);② best corrected visual acuity: 1,2,3,6,12 months after treatment,best corrected visual acuity between the two groups was not statistically significant(P0.05);③ Diopter:1,2,3 months after treatment,no statistical significant difference between two groups(P0.05);6,12 months after treatment,group A of refractive change was less than group B(P 0.05),the difference was statistically significant;④ astigmatism: 1,2,3,6,12 months after treatment,the result between the two groups was not statistically significant(P 0.05).CONCLUSIONS Yiqi Jianpi Decoction could do good to the qi,spleen and eyesight,and it could treat the youth's pseudo-myopia's,prevent its development and worth of clinical application.


Large eddy simulations (LES) are performed at low Reynolds number (2000–6000) to investigate the dynamic fluid-elastic instability in square normal cylinder array for a single-phase fluid cross flow. The fluid-elastic instability is dominant in the flow normal direction, at least for all water-flow experiments (Price, S., and Paidoussis, M., 1989, "The Flow-Induced Response of a Single Flexible Cylinder in an in-Line Array of Rigid Cylinders," J. Fluids Struct., 3(1), pp. 61–82). The instability appears even in the case of single moving cylinder in an otherwise fixed-cylinder arrangement resulting in the same critical velocity (Khalifa, A., Weaver, D., and Ziada, S., 2012, "A Single Flexible Tube in a Rigid Array as a Model for Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Bundles," J. Fluids Struct., 34, pp. 14–32); Khalifa et al. (2013, "Modeling of the Phase Lag Causing Fluidelastic Instability in a Parallel Triangular Tube Array," J. Fluids Struct., 43, pp. 371–384). Therefore, in the present work, only a central cylinder out of 20 cylinders is allowed to vibrate in the flow normal direction. The square normal (90 deg) array has 5 rows and 3 columns of cylinders with 2 additional side columns of half wall-mounted cylinders. The numerical configuration is a replica of an experimental setup except for the length of cylinders, which is of 4 diameters in numerical setup against about 8 diameters in the experiment facility. The single-phase fluid is water. The standard Smagorinsky turbulence model is used for the subgrid scale eddy viscosity modeling. The numerical results are analyzed and compared to the experimental results for a range of flow velocities in the vicinity of the instability. Moreover, instantaneous pressure and fluid-force profiles on the cylinder surface are extracted from the LES calculations in order to better understand the dynamic fluid-elastic instability.


Objective: To study relevant biomechanical performance of mini-titanum-plate in different placement of treatment of foot fracture, and evaluate the effects of mini-plate applied to fractures of hands and feet. Method: Six adult cadaver foots made in metatarsals fracture model (transverse fracture of the middle, from the second toe to the fifth toe), including 3 males and 3 females, with an average of 41 years old (ranged from 23 to 50 years old). All 54 Metatarsals were divided into 2 groups randomly and made inner fixed with Medicon mini-plate in dorsal (A group) and lateral (B group) side according grouping respectively then fracture model fixed in special fixture applied by Electronic universal testing machine and Torsion testing machine for biomechanical test. Biomechanical tests including axial com- pression, tension, then A and B group. Tree-point bend, and torsion were made in each model, then compared between. Result: Comparison in biomechanics: the strength of three point bend in dorsal group is higher than lateral group obvi- ously (p 0.05). Conclusion: The comparison of the strength of three-point bend for metatarsals frac- ture fixed by Mini-plate: the strength of dorsal placement is higher than lateral placement and the different placement affects biomechanical strength.


Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus are known to be lethal vectors of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins to predators. To elucidate dynamics of PSP toxin accumulation in this species, mackerel were sampled in the Gulf of St Lawrence from May to October 1993. Mackerel appear to retain toxins (saxitoxin, gonyautoxins 2 and 3) year-round. The toxin content of the liver, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography, increased significantly with fish age (r2=0.40) and length (r2=0.52), suggesting that mackerel progressively accumulate PSP toxins throughout their life. The toxin content of the liver also increased significantly during the summer feeding sojourn in the Gulf of St Lawrence. Comparison of profiles of saxitoxin derivatives indicated that zooplankton were the likely source of PSP toxins found in mackerel. The mean ± S.D toxin content was 17.4 ± 10.6 nmol liver−1 and the mean ± S.D. PSP toxicity was 112.4 ± 67.0 μg saxitoxin equivalents 100 g−1 liver wet weight (n=247).


Photosynthesis, photorespiration, and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities were measured in intact flag leaves of wheat during ageing. Photorespiration declined very little as the leaves aged, and much less than photosynthesis. These changes could not be explained by changes in the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to oxygenase ratio of fraction 1 protein. As the leaves grew older the enzyme activities in extracts of leaves declined in parallel so the ratio remained constant.


This paper discussed how to test the variance of 2-dimension non variance normal distribution, and drew the curve of confine value while the probability of rejecting true aequal to the probability of accepting false β. Simulations indicate the conclusion has great value for weapon equipment in hypothetical test.


When dealing with traffic big data under the background of Internet of Things (IoT), traffic control under the single-machine computing environment is difficult to adapt to the massive and rapid analysis and decision-making. To tackle this problem, we propose a parallel computing approach of traffic network flow control based on the mechanism of model predictive control (MPC). A non-analytical rule-based traffic flow model is developed to forecast vehicle movements in the prediction horizon according to the real-time feedback information of traffic flow, and evaluate the performances of candidate control strategies. Furthermore, to accelerate the solution process of obtaining the optimal control schemes in the prediction horizon, a two-level hierarchical parallel genetic algorithm (HPGA) based on Spark cloud computing is designed. Through the parallel computing architecture, the computationally intensive optimization tasks are decomposed into multiple parallel sub-tasks with the aid of resilient distributed datasets (RDDs), which improves the computational efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology for traffic network flow predictive control with respect to unsaturated and oversaturated traffic scenarios. The Spark-based parallel optimization approach has the potential to satisfy the computing requirements of online optimization when dealing with the big data of traffic network flow control while keeps favorable control performances.


The effectiveness of regional talent management – the planned attracting, retention, motivation and improvement of best human resources – has a significant impact on regions and national economies. The individual competence supply is connected to both the competence demand of the labour market (talent market) and by the development function of higher education. The finding of the study is that a systematic and integrated approach is very important in managing talents by linking individual and organisational questions to their regional effects. If the graduates of the University of Pecs cannot sell their competences in the region of Southern Transdanubia, they will migrate to a place where they can do, typically to Budapest or abroad. This process is called brain drain, and because of its poor economic conditions Southern Transdanubia this region cannot offer appropriate job opportunities for graduates, therefore they leave the area. Here we find a higher unemployment rate (especially among young people), a lower standard of living, a lower employment rate and lower salaries, too, compared to the capital and Central Hungary. In any depressed area there is a vicious cycle: There are no young intellectuals, it produces less innovation and consequently this leads to fewer jobs and a recession, and the new graduates do not find a job and leave. The study presents the regional preferences of talents identified by a special threedimensional evaluation method among students of the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Pecs (UP FBE). The empirical study is based on questionnaires referring to experiences in professional practice (2005–2014). The database contains a total of 5,186 questionnaires from students (self-evaluation about their own competencies) and their tutors who also evaluate their competencies. These data were completed with learning results. The study aims to explore spatial characteristics of students of UP FBE and regional differences in competency requirements for tutors in Hungary. With the help of SPSS, clusters were created to identify talents, and a hypothesis was formulated. The research question deals with the differences in employer expectation in terms of varying talent definitions in the regions. The findings corroborate that the talent-concept composition differs by region. It was examined whether talented people preferred the central regions and the capital city over rural areas. In Central Hungary, employers require a good command of foreign languages, methodological skills, IT skills, conflict-management skills, rapid integration and stress tolerance. These expectations are higher in central regions than in Southern Transdanubia. An important additional result is that the talents of UP FBE are overrepresented in the central regions and capital when compared to the other regions.


The contextual algorithm MOD14 (use of spectroradiometer MODIS data) for active fires detection uses calculation parameters adapted to conditions of a planet as a whole — so that to minimize a number of false alarms. In the northern boreal forests with tall vegetation and dense forest canopy method sensitivity sharply decreases, leading to numerous droppings of rather large fires in a wood zone. Work is devoted to optimizing parameters of the contextual algorithm to increase the detection reliability (number of confirmed fires to total number of detected thermal anomalies). Under existing conditions, the number of confirmed fires have tripled, with an overall accuracy of detection remained at the level of "standard" parameters. The basic gain of the confirmed fires has fallen to fires of a technogenic origin. This result is gained for threshold values of brightness temperature in the 21st channel of MODIS (range 4 mcm) 295K/290K (day/night) while standard algorithm uses the values 310K/305K.


The study of modular forms has been deeply influenced by famous conjectures and hypotheses concerning where T(n) denotes Ramanujan's function. The fundamental discriminant Δ is a cusp form of weight 12 with respect to the modular group. Its associated Dirichlet series defines an entire function of s and satisfies the functional equation The most penetrating statements that have been made on T(n) and LΔ(s)are: Of these four problems only A1 has been established so far. This was done by Deligne [1] using methods from algebraic geometry and number theory. While B1 trivially holds with ε > 1/2, it was established in [2] for every ε>1/3. Serre [12] proved A2 for a positive proportion of the integers and Hafner [5] showed that LΔ has a positive proportion of its non-trivial zeros on the line σ=6. The proofs of the last three results are largely analytic in nature.


Physical systems can often be described via a continuous-time dynamical system. In practice, the true system is often unknown and has to be learned from measurement data. Since data is typically collected in discrete time, e.g. by sensors, most methods in Gaussian process (GP) dynamics model learning are trained on one-step ahead predictions. This can become problematic in several scenarios, e.g. if measurements are provided at irregularly-sampled time steps or physical system properties have to be conserved. Thus, we aim for a GP model of the true continuous-time dynamics. Higher-order numerical integrators provide the necessary tools to address this problem by discretizing the dynamics function with arbitrary accuracy. Many higher-order integrators require dynamics evaluations at intermediate time steps making exact GP inference intractable. In previous work, this problem is often tackled by approximating the GP posterior with variational inference. However, exact GP inference is preferable in many scenarios, e.g. due to its mathematical guarantees. In order to make direct inference tractable, we propose to leverage multistep and Taylor integrators. We demonstrate how to derive flexible inference schemes for these types of integrators. Further, we derive tailored sampling schemes that allow to draw consistent dynamics functions from the learned posterior. This is crucial to sample consistent predictions from the dynamics model. We demonstrate empirically and theoretically that our approach yields an accurate representation of the continuous-time system.


According to Kobasa,the founder of hardy personality, the concept of hardiness is an aspect of personality which buffers the effects of stress on health.Hardiness comprises three related components: commitment,control,and challenge.This article briefly describes the definition and structure of hardiness,introduces some research on hardiness and expatiates on the hardiness model and Hardiness Scales.Furthermore,the authors pose the limitation of the existing research pertaining to hardiness and suggest possible avenues for future hardiness research.


The outcome of the study is based on both the primary and secondary data and information. The primary data were collected from a total number of 50 customers (25 big and 25 mid level customers) from 10 Private Commercial Banks (PCBs). Again, total number of 50 bankers taking 5 from each sample banks was also selected as the respondents. Both the banks and customers were selected using random sampling for easy and smooth collection of data and information. Two sets of structured questionnaire keeping in line with the objectives were prepared for collecting the requisite data. The main research issues covered in the study are: adoption of online banking facilities in Bangladesh, identifying major components of online banking and their applications, knowing the main online banking services offered by the selected banks, assessing customer satisfaction on online banking service, and identifying the major problems of online banking service in selected banks. The main findings of the study are: i) it is observed that OBS has been introduced in Bangladesh in 1998. Up to December, 2010 OBS has in operation in total number of 47 banks out of 56 banks. It is reported that fully OBS has been in operation in almost all foreign commercial banks. In all the 2 nd and 3 rd generation banks of local commercial banks OBS has been in full operation. In case of all 1 st generation banks and some 2 nd generation banks have introduced partial OBS.(ii) in most of the selected banks the components namely debit card, credit card, automated teller machine such as Master Card, Visa Card, Q-cash Card, Point of sales, on line service, internet Banking and society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunication etc. have been introduced up to December 2010. (iii) the major online banking services are offered have been: View statements and account balances, Fund transfers, Bill payment, Manage savings and current account, Card service, Order cheque and books request, Stopping cheque, Fixed deposit placement and Requesting the bank statement. iv) on the basis of five point Likert scale, it is found that 60% of the customers have been highly satisfied, 24% of the customers have been satisfied and the remaining 16% of the customers have been unsatisfied on the online banking services offered by selected banks. As regard the impact of OBS on the customers, the study reveals that OBS reduces the frequency of customers' physical visits to the banks, customers are getting substantial benefits, customers are secured and customers access to accounts round the clock etc. v) the selected customers have identified some major problems of OBS such as unavailability of a backbone network connecting the whole country, inadequacy of reliable and secured information infrastructure especially in telecommunication infrastructure; sluggish ICT penetration in banking sector; insufficient legal and regulatory support for adopting e-banking; negative attitudes of management; lack of IT resources; lack of knowledge among employees and customers etc. In order to streamline the OBS in the selected banks some recommendations may be put forward which are: i) more investments are required by the banks in upgrading and improving the quality of their service; ii) the service providers must be more responsive on security issues; iii) the government should step-in to enforce laws on protecting customer rights. The information generated in the study and its findings may be useful to the researchers, academicians, bankers and policy makers. The academicians interested for further research in this demanding area of the banks may get the findings useful. Again, bankers may also come across the findings of the study while performing their banking jobs for the full satisfaction of the customers. Lastly, the government and policy makers may also find the outcomes of the study while formulating any policy as regards OBS.


Growth and development of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was studied under laboratory conditions by using artifcial diet impregnated with dry leaf powder of ten sweet sorghum genotypes. Antibiosis was observed in terms of low larval survival, reduced larval and pupal mass, retardation of larval growth and development and reduced longevity and fecundity in three sweet sorghum genotypes i.e., IS-17825, IS-3556 and EC-538169. The moths emerging from these genotypes were deformed, less active and did not attain the normal size.


Abstract This paper argues that the authoritarian experiments of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s dramatically lowered the material and ideological thresholds of subordinate group consent to present-day dominant class hegemonic projects. By using severe economic and physical oppression to reduce the material and political expectations of lower and working class groups, the departed authoritarian regimes not only promoted subordinate group disarticulation and atomisation: they essentially swept the economic and political landscape clean of militantly counter-hegemonic subordinate group strategies while simultaneously reforging coalitions of new entrepreneurial elites dedicated to fundamentally reordering the composition and character of their national economies.1


Iron drive mechanism motion regulation, which is expressed by means of the motion translation operators, is formulated in the article.


A search for magnetic monopoles catalyzing baryon decay has been performed. The detector‐a water filled tank equipped with photomultiplier tubes‐was most sensitive for monopoles with velocities less than 0.001c and interaction lengths less than 50 cm. No monopole has been found leading to an upper limit of F(M)<1.6*10−2 m−2 sr−1 d−1.


The possibilities of forming narrow, weakly divergent ultrasonic beams by means of various types of piezoelectric transducers are analyzed. Special attention is given to transducers that have a nonuniform distribution of acoustic pressure from the radiating surface. It is shown that transducers for which this distribution has the form of a Bessel function J/sub 0/ will produce narrow, weakly divergent ultrasonic beams in both the near and far zones.


The aim of the experiments was to measure gene expression in lymphocytes from peripheral blood. This procedure is to be used for assessing the impact of genomic variants on gene function.


We present a high transmission, small bending radius, 180° waveguide bend based on triangular lattice air holes two-dimensional (2-D) planar photonic crystal. The desired high transmission is achieved by altering the waveguide structure at the bending region. Drop hole defects are introduced at the bending region to guide the incoming electromagnetic wave. Simulation results based on the 2-D finite difference time domain method show that normalized transmission as high as 99.4% is achieved at 1550 nm optical wavelength and it is >94% for nearly the entire optical C-band. In addition, the small bending radius enhances the suitability of our design to be used in ultra-compact photonic integrated circuits.


Objective To investigate the relationship between Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) expression and gastric mucosa carcinogenesis.Methods The mRNA and protein levels of FAF1 in 40 cases of gastric cancer,paracancerous and normal tissues were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) and Immunohistochemistry respectively.Results The mRNA levels of FAF1 in the cancerous tissues (0.27 ± 0.12) were significantly lower than those in the paracancerous tissues (0.40 ± 0.06) and normal tissues (0.48 ± 0.08)(P 0.01).And the protein level of FAF1 in the gastric cancerous tissues (37.50%) were also significantly lower than those in the paracancerous tissues (62.50%,P 0.05) and normal tissues (72.50%,P 0.05).Conclusion Downregulated expression of FAF1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.


Abstract A theory is developed to predict the behavior of bent-over continuous plumes of substantial moisture content in the atmosphere. Main interest is focussed on the prediction of condensation. It is found that in a well-mixed environment, under appropriate conditions, a finite portion of the plume may contain some liquid-phase water, beginning to condense at some distance from the source and re-evaporating at some larger distance. Plumes, which are initially saturated and contain some liquid, will begin to re-evaporate immediately on release, provided that the environment is not saturated and that the excess temperature of the plume is smaller than a given limit (of the order of 20F at 65% relative humidity). The direct dynamical effects of evaporation and condensation of plume path are found to be minor. In a stratified environment the calculations become more complex but the above conclusions are fundamentally unchanged (except perhaps that then may be several finite portions of the plume exciting ...


In clinically applicable structural magnetic resonance images (MRI), bone and air have similarly low signal intensity, making the differentiation between them a very challenging task. MRI-based bone/air segmentation, however, is a critical step in some emerging applications, such as skull atlas building, MRI-based attenuation correction for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and MRI-based radiotherapy planning. In view of the availability of hybrid PET-MRI machines, we propose a voxel-wise classification method for bone/air segmentation. The method is based on random forest theory and features extracted from structural MRI and attenuation uncorrected PET. The Dice Similarity Score (DSC) score between the segmentation result and the 'ground truth' obtained by thresholding Computed Tomography images was calculated for validation. Images from 10 subjects were used for validation, achieving a DSC of 0.83±0.08 and 0.98±0.01 for air and bone, respectively. The results suggest that structural MRI and uncorrected PET can be used to reliably differentiate between air and bone.


n≤n |an|, where ε is any positive constant, and the implied ≪-constants depends only on ε. The object of this paper is to establish a large sieve inequality for square norm moduli in Z[i]. M. Huxley [4] established a generalization of the large sieve for number fields, which we describe in the following. Let K be an algebraic number field of degree k over Q and let (θ1, ..., θk) be an integral basis of K, so that every integer ξ of K is representable uniquely as ξ = n1θ1 + ...+ nkθk, where n1, ..., nk are rational integers. For any integral ideal a of K, let N (a) be its norm and σ(ξ) an additive character modulo a. Such a character is called proper if it is not an additive character modulo an ideal b which divides a properly. Then for any X,N1, ..., Nk ≥ 1, M1, ...,Mk ∈ R and complex sequence (bn)n∈Zk , we have


Babesiosis — a zoonosis caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite Babesia— ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening. When symptoms occur, they are


In this paper the author discusses a problem of the internal reconstruction of some Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-European accent special features, based on the analysis of Greek enclitics. It could be suggested that the recessive accent of Greek and PIE preserves its phase origins


Because most cases are clinically silent, the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of pericardial involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma are unknown.


How can we engage with the technological transformation of modern society in a way that addresses both the intellectual challenges this presents and the implications for political action, especially community-based action? This is the (very) dif® cult task Andrew Feenberg sets for himself in this book, which subsequently tracks a path between two poles. Firstly, he sets out his view of where the most signi® cant political debates and action are currently to be found. Secondly, he tries to tease out the relevance for this kind of politics of theoretical arguments about technology, mostly from within the philosophical literature. The result is a book which is perhaps not entirely successful in all its goals, but which makes at least two important steps forward. Firstly, it shows that it is possible to theorize about technology from a committed political perspective. Secondly, it challenges the resistance to thinking about technologyÐ a `prejudice against the concrete' Ð which still permeates much academic writing. This last problem is perhaps surprising. Concerns over the assumptions and practices underpinning technology have led, especially in the last two decades, to a growing body of critical analysis concerned with how social and technological life interact. The key readers in social studies of technology (Bijker et al., 1987; Bijker and Law, 1992; MacKenzie and Wajcman, 1999) demonstrate the wealth of subject matter covered in what is now a substantial (if still little known) ® eldÐ technologies of the workplace, of the military, of the production and consumption of various goods, of the home, of


Abstract : Results of a photoelectric study of clean and cesiated si(100) are presented and discussed. Both valence band and surface state emission was observed from the clean and cesiated silicon. The band bending at the silicon surface was determined as a function of cesium coverage. An apparatus was constructed to measure energy and angular distributions of secondary electrons. Results are presented demonstrating inelastic diffraction and characteristic losses. A preliminary study of surface inhomogeneities due to heating GaAs is presented. A deconvolution technique for increasing the resolution of Auger electron spectra obtained with conventional analyzers is described.


On October 24th POLIS, the BBC College of Journalism and the LSE Law Department jointly held an expert seminar discussing the practice of contempt law. Over twenty-five participants, representing the legal profession, journalism and academia, were in attendance. Joshua Rozenberg, legal affairs editor for the Daily Telegraph, chaired the event.


Fully-linearized O-methods for autonomous and non-autonomous, ordinary differential equations are derived by approximating the non-liuear terms by means of the lirst-degree polynomials which result from Taylor's series expansions. These methods are implicit but result in explicit solutions, As !abtc. consistent and convergent; however, they may be very demanding in terms of both computer time and storage because the matrix to be inverted is, in general, dense. The accuracy of fullyqinearizcd f-)-mcthods is comparable to that of the standard, implicit, iterative O-methods, and deteriorates as the value of O is decreased tram (-) .= 11.5, for which both O-and fuily-linearized O-methods are second-order accurate. P~mially-linearized O-methods based on the partial linearization of non-linear terms have also been developed. These methods result in diagonal or triangular matrices which may be easily solved by substitution. Their accuracy, ho,xever, is lower than that of fullv-linearized O-methods.


Gurindam Dua Belas is a literary work created by Raja Ali Haji, a writer from the Riau archipelago. This literary work is in the ancient Malay language with the characteristic of many Sufism terms, figurative words and metaphors. The contents of Gurindam Dua Belas contain advice and advice on religious life, the obligations of kings, the characteristics of society, as well as the obligations of parents to children and children's obligations to parents. The participants in this service activity were students of Perhentian Raja 1 Public High School. This activity is really needed by the Provincial Government of Riau in this Reform era to foster and develop Malay culture and Malay culture (BMR). The activities held aim to improve the ability to read and understand Gurindam Dua Belas, and are expected to help students at SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja to interpret/understand, train and practice how to read Gurindam Dua Belas properly. The arrival of the service team from the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Lancang Kuning University is expected to be able to help the school and especially Perhentian Raja 1 Public High School students to get to know Riau Malay Culture, especially to increase the ability to read and understand Gurindam Dua Belas by Raja Ali Haji.
Keywords: Improvement, Ability, Reading and Understanding Gurindam Twelve


AbstrcatPerformance evaluation is the most important and difficult aspect in business administration. This paper, therefore, is to summarize, synthesize and finally analyze the misunderstandings in the practice.


Epitaxial growth of single crystalline silicon nanowires along the ⟨111⟩ directions was obtained on Si (100) and Si (111) substrates by gold-gallium-nanoparticle-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition with a SiH4 precursor. In comparison to the pure gold catalyst, the proportion of the nanowires growing perpendicular to the substrate is much higher and the wires show almost no kinks. The average diameter is smaller, and the diameter and length distributions are narrowly dispersed. By making a particular choice of growth conditions, it is possible to realize either rodlike or tapered silicon nanowires, which may be desirable for applications as field emitters.


A computer-assisted orthopaedic surgical instrument (10), comprising a cannulated screw (14), especially a Shanz screw, and a sensor support (44) coupled to the cannulated screw (14). The instrument can include a support sleeve (26) which defines an elongate bore (28), so that the cannulated screw (14) can be positioned in the bore (28).


A rare case of true precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma which was cured endo crinologically by surgical removal is presented. The patient was a 20-month-old female infant. At the age of 5 months left salpingo-oophorectomy had been performed because of genital bleeding, pubic hair, enlargement of the breasts, and abdominal tumor, but no tumor cells were found histologically. Postoperatively, no regression of sexual characteristics was recognized. She weighed 16 kg and measured 89 cm in length. Neurolo gical examination was normal, and the bone age had advanced to 37-41 months. Enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scans and metrizamide CT cisternograms demonstrated a small mass protruding from the tuber cinereum into the interpeduncular cistern. Diurnal rhythms of serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone showed nocturnal secretion. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) test and estrogen test demonstrated 'pubertal response'. Right fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed and the tumor was subtotally re moved. The surgical specimen revealed histologically normal brain tissue, and hamartoma was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the genital bleeding disappeared. Three months after surgery, the diurnal rhythm of the gonadotropins was normalized, as were responses on the LH-RH and estrogen tests.


The invention relates to a curing resin composition for an anti-dazzle hard coating and the anti-dazzle hard coating. The curing resin composition at least comprises (1) an ionizing radiation curing reactive matrix and (2) anti-dazzle particles, wherein the secondary particle size of the anti-dazzle particles respectively has two peak values in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 mum and in the range of 10.0 to 20.0 mum; the average particle size of the anti-dazzle particles is in the range of 2 to 5 mum; the particle content in the total solid component is 2 to 20 mass percent; and the content of second wave peak particles in the total particle component is 5 to 25 mass percent. According to the invention, under the condition of not damaging optical definition, the anti-dazzle hard coating formed from the curing resin composition on a transparent plastic supporting body can effectively prevent the condition that when a touch screen is adhered to glass, a distance between the touch screen and the glass is nonuniform, so that a newton ring is formed due to reflection interference; and the anti-dazzle hard coating has hardness over 2H and excellent scratch resistance.


Due to more complex tasks and changing environments in professional and educational organizations, teamwork is becoming more common since teams are expected to be more creative and expeditious in solving problems. To have teams work together in a harmonious and effective way, team learning and a shared mental model must be considered. Previous research has shown that team learning leads to a shared mental model and that this results in team effectiveness. Most research measured team learning and the shared mental model through perceptions of team members. However, it is proven that the shared mental model is continuously changing through team member interaction. But, scarce research is focussed on this. Therefore, two different measures of the explication of the shared mental model are used in the current study to see how the shared mental model changes over time and how this leads to sustained decisions. In this descriptive qualitative multiple case study data of two higher education teacher teams are collected. Observations of higher education teacher team meetings are used to measure team learning processes and the shared mental model of the team. With use of the chi-square analysis, the Fisher's exact test and qualitative analysis there are found some interesting results. Cognitive decisions have an important role in the facilitation of the transition from engaging in team learning to arriving at sustained decisions. In addition, action decisions are an important facilitator for cognitive decisions to become sustained decisions. Thereby is found that topics that were discussed multiple times have led to more sustained decisions than topics which were discussed less. Therefore, it is concluded that the explication of the shared mental model can facilitate the transition from engaging in team learning to arriving at sustained decisions in a positive way. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods provides a view on how the shared mental model develops over time and how sustained decisions can be reached.


We report electrical characteristics of InAs/(AlGa)Sb quantum wire devices based on deep mesa-etched suuctures with split gate. Quantized conductance has been observed at 80K for the first time. Observation of quantized conductance at such high temperatures become possible by the strong lateral confinement of electrons by the deep mesa-etching as oposed to simple planar split-gate approach together with the relatively high subband energy separation due to the small electron effective mass in InAs. Three types of quantum wire devices with different lateral wirewidths have been examined to yield quantum-effect observable temperature which is consistent with calculation results assuming 30mA of highly resistive region.


It is assumed that X is an abstract set and ℒ is a lattice of subsets of X. The consequences of ℒ being regular, and of ℒ being regular together with other lattice properties such as prime complete or even Lindelöf, are discussed first. Next, the important problem of enlarging an ℒ‐filter or an ℒ‐ultrafilter with the countable intersection property is considered. It is much easier to express this in terms of zero–one‐valued finitely additive measures on the algebra generated by ℒ. Conditions for the preceding to hold in terms of topological spaces of measures associated with the lattice ℒ are then obtained.


It is proved that the shape of a bleb floating on surface is half-spherical from the principle of minimum potential energy.


This paper reports on some mathematical and numerical details of the application of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) method to the analysis of planar structures printed on multilayered substrates. Closed-form expressions for singular and hypersingular terms of the transverse electric field Green's dyadic (TEFGD) are identified so that they can be explicitly extracted out before solving the EFIE. The problems due to the presence of the hypersingular contribution, usually argued to preclude the application of the EFIE to planar structures, are solved. In addition, a low-frequency expansion of the TEFGD corresponding to a single layer substrate is carried out to recognize nonsingular electrostatic-type contributions that can eventually become very important for computational purposes.


When discussing the transformation of politics into law in today's society it is impractical to leave out the factual aspect of the immense interference of international law in the process. In this paper I will refer to European law that has a special position being not international law but supranational law. For both Poland and Sweden, EU-law has been a realistic fact in the legislation process. This paper presents a short discussion concerning how European law effects and alters the transformation of politics into law, what happens when legal regulation does not come from within countries needs but from an external union of joint member states policies. And, how this problem can be tackled empirically from a norm science perspective. (Less)


Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are a life‐threatening condition. We aimed to identify all carbamazepine‐induced SCARs voluntarily reported to the Malaysian pharmacovigilance database and to compare between children and adults. Adverse drug reaction reports for carbamazepine were extracted from 2000 to 2020, and divided into 2 groups, that is, children (aged 0–17 years) and adults (aged 18 years and above). Age, sex, race, and carbamazepine dose were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Of 1102 carbamazepine adverse drug reaction reports, 416 reports were SCARs (99 children, 317 adults). Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were the main SCAR types for both age groups. Median time‐to‐onset for any type of SCAR was 13 days, regardless of age. In children, Malay individuals were 3.6 times more likely to report SCARs (95% confidence interval, 1.356–9.546; P = .010) compared to the Chinese population. In adults, carbamazepine‐induced SCARs were reported as 3.6 times higher in those with a daily dose of 200 mg or less as compared to a daily dose of 400 mg or more. (95% confidence interval, 2.257–5.758; P < .001) Carbamazepine‐induced SCARs reported in Malaysia were predominantly Stevens–Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, with the majority in Malay individuals. Initiation therapy needs close monitoring between 2 weeks and 1 month.


Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread species responsible for malaria in humans. Our study focused on identifying highly expressed parasite proteins using a shotgun proteomics approach. Parasites (P. vivax) are isolated from seven patient samples using saponin lysis. Protein extracts from these parasites are processed and subjected to LC‐MS/MS analysis. An overall proteome coverage of 605 P. vivax proteins along with 1670 human host proteins are obtained upon combining the data from LC‐MS/MS runs. While a major proportion of the P. vivax proteins are either hypothetical or involved in basic cellular activities, few proteins such as tryptophan‐rich antigen (Pv‐fam‐a; PVX_090265), Pv‐fam‐d protein (PVX_101520), Plasmodium exported protein (PVX_003545), Pvstp1 (PVX_094303) and hypothetical protein (PVX_083555) are detected in more than 80% of the clinical isolates and found to be unique to P. vivax without orthologs in P. falciparum. Our proteomics study on individual parasite isolates reveals highly expressed P. vivax proteins, few of which may be good candidates for vivax malaria diagnosis due to their abundance and absence in P. falciparum. This study represents the first step towards the identification of biomarkers for P. vivax malaria. In future, their clinical diagnostic values must be explored and validated on large patient cohorts.


Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the causes, location of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in children, and demographics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Turkish pediatric emergency departments and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and to determine survival rates and morbidities for both in-hospital and out-of-hospital CPA. Methods This multicenter descriptive study was conducted prospectively between January 15 and July 15, 2011, at 18 centers (15 PICUs, 3 pediatric emergency departments) in Turkey. Results During the study period, 239 children had received CPR. Patients' average age was 42.4 (SD, 58.1) months. The most common cause of CPA was respiratory failure (119 patients [49.8%]). The location of CPA was the PICU in 168 (68.6%), hospital wards in 43 (18%), out-of-hospital in 24 (10%), and pediatric emergency department in 8 patients (3.3%). The CPR duration was 30.7 (SD, 23.6) minutes (range, 1–175 minutes) and return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 107 patients (44.8%) after the first CPR. Finally, 58 patients (24.2%) were discharged from hospital; survival rates were 26% and 8% for in-hospital and out-of-hospital CPA, respectively (P = 0.001). Surviving patients' average length of hospital stay was 27.4 (SD, 39.2) days. In surviving patients, 19 (32.1%) had neurologic disability. Conclusion Pediatric CPA in both the in-hospital and out-of-hospital setting has a poor outcome.


written descnption of a project that went wrong Half of the paper is a literature review on interventions There is nothing very recent n it but there are few similar reviews around, some people will find this one helpful The problem with it seems to me to be that there is no such thing as an ntervention Either all life is ntervention, or we draw a boundary which amounts to accepting as interventions any activity whose perpetrators choose to label it as such


The DOE Environmental, Safety and Health (ES and H) appraisal program consists of internal audits, confirmatory management and functional appraisals, program reviews and assessments, and independent overview reviews and appraisals. The purpose of this guide is to implement the appraisal factors of DOE Order 5482.1A, Environmental Protection, Safety, and Health Protection Appraisal Program. It thereby provides a basis for appraisal in accordance with the DOE Order 5482.1A, which is free of oversights, and which has a well defined, standardized structure. Finally, this guide is used as a primary text and workbook in the DOE Appraisal Training Workshop, as well as in actual field appraisals which are an integral part of the total DOE Safety Performance Measurement System (SPMS).


This study has produced an improved percentile and seasonal (median) trend estimate of free tropospheric ozone above western North America (WNA), through a data fusion of ozonesonde, lidar, commercial aircraft, and field campaign measurements. Our method combines heterogeneous data sets according to the consensus data characteristics and inherent uncertainty in order to produce our best fused product. In response to different data collection environments (in situ or ground‐based), we investigate the ozone variability based on a wide range of percentiles, which is preferable for trend detection due to tropospheric ozone's high degree of heteroscedasticity (i.e., inconsistent trends and variability between different ozone percentiles). We then compare the ozone trends and variability above the California sub‐domain to the full WNA region for better understanding of the correlations between different regional scales. In California, the 1995–2021 percentile (from the 5th to 95th) and seasonal trends are clearly positive in terms of high signal‐to‐noise ratios. The magnitude of the trends is generally weaker over WNA compared to California, but reliable positive trends can still be found between the 10th and 70th percentiles, as well as winter and summer, whereas autumn shows a negative trend over the same period. In addition, dozens of rural surface sites across the region are selected to represent the boundary layer variability. In contrast to increasing free tropospheric ozone, we find overall strong negative surface trends since 1995, with the greatest divergence found in summer. Throughout the analysis implications of the COVID‐19 economic downturn on ozone variability are discussed.