This study aims to examine the self-healthy-care and leisure activity with variable of sleeping. The subjects of this study were 573 university students dwelling in seoul. A questionnaire was used as survey method. The data was analyzed by Cronbach' alpha, frequencies, percentile, mean, factor analy...


The goals of the project were to measure the quantity and form of mercury emitted from power plants in Maryland, estimate plume concentrations, and study the mercury in the plume. In addition, measurements of organic mercury in the vicinity of a power plant were to be conducted to investigate the potential mobilization of mercury released from the plants into the biosphere. The results of the measurements on fossil fuels showed that the average concentration of mercury in coal and oil burned in the state is 0.47 ppm and 20 ppb, respectively. The release of mercury from oil combustion in power plants is insignificant as compared to that released by coal combustion. The annual emission rates of mercury are approximately 3 tonnes for power plants, as compared with 1 ton from municipal incinerators, the next largest source in the metropolitan region. The results of the in-stack samples show that 98% of the mercury was in the gas phase which is in agreement with the studies done elsewhere.


A coin operated gumball dispensing slide mechanism is disclosed which has a coin slide slidable over a base plate. The coin slide has a gumball dispensing wall, an aperture for passage of a gumball from a reservoir to the gumball dispensing wall, an actuator for moving the coil slide, a shoulder, and a portion defining a coin receiving slot. The coin slide is slidably mounted on a base plate which has a flexibly mounted locking dog for abutting the shoulder and locking the coin slide until a coin inserted into the slot disables the dog. When the coin is in the slot, moving the actuator moves the slide and the gumball is dispensed while the shoulder pushes the coin to a coin receiving aperture in the base plate and while a gate portion of the base plate intrudes on the gumball aperture to prevent gumballs from entering it during operation of the slide.


Cultivation of Spineless Cactus in The Gafsa Region: Project for Assistance in The Agricultural Development of South - Central Tunis , Cultivation of Spineless Cactus in The Gafsa Region: Project for Assistance in The Agricultural Deve... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


For a long time, SF/sub 6/ puffer circuit-breakers have been considered the most efficient and reliable type of interrupting switchgear. This technique was introduced by GEC ALSTHOM T&D (then DELLE ALSTHOM) at the end of the 1950s for medium voltage applications, and then extended in the 1960s to high-voltage circuit breakers. Since then, and until the end of the 1980s, it has been the dominant technique in the high voltage range. In the 1980s, GEC ALSTHOM T&D began to study a new generation of SF/sub 6/ circuit breakers which can be operated by low-energy mechanisms and which were characterized by the use of arc energy for interruption. Here, the author examines the development of tools used in the design of circuit breakers, and describe the recent evolution of high-voltage circuit breakers.


The particle-in-cell method is coupled with boundary-fitted coordinates in order to realistically model particle flow of electrically charged particles in technical, electromagnetic devices. Numerical algorithms describing the transition between the grid model and the mesh-free model are developed. Applications are presented in which these techniques have been successfully applied.


The volumes of H/sub 2/ evolved by the dissolution of Zr-O mixtures in dilute HF were compared with those calculated. from combustion analysis for O/sub 2/ in these mixtures. The calculations were made on the basis of the assumptions that dissolution in HF prcceeded by the reactions (1) Zr + 4 HF /sub 2/ were ob ZrF/sub 4/ + 2H/sub 2/ for pure Zr and (2) ZrO/sub x/ + 4 HF YY ZrF/sub 4/ + xH/ sub 2/O + (2-x)H/sub 2/ for Zr-O mixtures with composition Zr-xO, and that O/sub 2/ in the mixtures was in the form of Zr0/sub 2/. The results were: Homogeneous Zr-O samples up to 29 at.% O/sub 2/ dissolved completely in 0.3 to 1 N HF, sometimes with the formation of a gray residue, which however was shown to be ZrOF/sub 2/, a hydrolysis product. On the other hand, samples of the two-phase region (with more than 29 at.% O/sub 2/) left some white ZrO/sub 2/ residue, and homogeneous samples did likewise if heated previously to 600 tained C in a H/sub 2/ atmosphere. Samples with O/sub 2/ contents up to 27 at.% were used to check equations (1) and (2); the hydrogen volumes correspondedmore » closely with a small error on the order of 1 to 2%, which was ascribed to absorption of O/sub 2/ as such in the Zr-O mixtures in the combustion analyses. (D.L.C.)« less


: This paper argues that the recent renewal of interest in the philosophy of Oswald Spengler, particularly concerning its warnings of the imminent demise of Western Civilisation, is misplaced . Arguments concerning the accuracy of his predictions or cultural analysis have overlooked the necessity of evaluating the coherence of the philosophical system that Spengler used to generate and justify his speculative declarations . Such an evaluation indicates a number of apparent contradictions at the heart of Spengler's historical model . The attempt to resolve these contradictions has resulted in a sharp division of interpretation amongst Spengler commentators, into positivist and relativist camps . Neither interpretation, I suggest, is capable of rendering Spengler's historical system coherent . It is therefore argued that Spengler's philosophy is fundamentally flawed .


This thesis concerns the mathematical analysis of certain random walks in a dynamic random environment. Such models are important in the understanding of various models in physics, chemistry and biology. The interest is in questions such as how to determine the average velocity of the random walker and how to control fluctuations and deviations thereof. This is in general a very challenging problem due to the possibility of strong dependence both in space and time, and many problems are still wide open.

After a general introduction in Chapter 1, we present several approaches for determining the asymptotic behaviour for random walks in a dynamic random environment in Chapter 2-5 of this thesis. Our work improves on the existing literature for general models with strongly mixing dynamics and provides new insight for certain models with poorly mixing dynamics. One particular model is analysed in more detailed, namely the so-called contact process. This model is a prototype of a dynamic random environment with poor mixing properties. In addition to results for certain random walks with the contact process as dynamic random environment, we also provide new insight for the contact process itself, given in Chapter 5.


This study analyzes semiotic aspects of game concept art which is developed considering individual 's color experience. The six stages of Frank H. Mahnke's color pyramid are roughly classified into three categories, and how the game concept art meets each stage. Using the Roland Barthes's mythological-symbolic model of meaning, The meaning of righteousness and the characteristics of newly derived symbols. The results showed that colors could make the background stage more recognizable or intended to have a particular impression. In this way, game concept art, in which what is intended to be implemented in game development, can identify various functions and possibilities of game concept art, such as presenting game convenience as well as impression through a combination of various colors.


In this letter, we show the ability, through introduction of a thin Si1−x−yGexCy layer, to eliminate the enhancement of enhanced boron diffusion in silicon due to an oxidizing surface or ion implant damage. This reduction of diffusion is accomplished through a low-temperature-grown thin epitaxial Si1−x−yGexCy layer which completely filters out excess interstitials introduced by oxidation or ion implant damage. We also quantify the oxidation-enhanced diffusion (OED) and transient-enhanced diffusion (TED) dependence on substitutional carbon level, and further report both the observation of carbon TED and OED, and its dependence on carbon levels.


[1] Flow fields of mean, subtidal, and tidal frequencies between 250 and 3300 m water depths in Monterey Submarine Canyon are examined using current measurements obtained in three yearlong field experiments. Spatial variations in flow fields are mainly controlled by the topography (shape and width) of the canyon. The mean currents flow upcanyon in the offshore reaches (>1000 m) and downcanyon in the shallow reaches ( 100-m amplitude isotherm oscillations and associated high-speed rectilinear currents. The 15-day spring-neap cycle and a "3-day" band are the two prominent frequencies in subtidal flow field. Neither of them seems directly correlated with the spring-neap cycle of the sea level.


Since their discovery, giant viruses have expanded our understanding of the principles of virology. Due to their gargantuan size and complexity, little is known about the life cycles of these viruses. To answer outstanding questions regarding giant virus infection mechanisms, we set out to determine biomolecular conditions that promote giant virus genome release. We generated four metastable infection intermediates in Samba virus (lineage A Mimiviridae) as visualized by cryo-EM, cryo-ET, and SEM. Each of these four intermediates reflects a stage that occurs in vivo. We show that these genome release stages are conserved in other, diverse giant viruses. Finally, we identified proteins that are released from Samba and newly discovered Tupanvirus through differential mass spectrometry. Our work revealed the molecular forces that trigger infection are conserved amongst disparate giant viruses. This study is also the first to identify specific proteins released during the initial stages of giant virus infection.


One of the major challenges of any lessons learned system is how to ensure that this content is actually implemented: by individual employees, by work teams, and by the organization as a whole. While we are guided by a number of theories on how newly acquired knowledge can become institutionalized such that it becomes "the way things are done," there is very little theory or evidence-based practice to guide us on specific implementation strategies. This chapter presents specific strategies that were used to ensure that lessons learned became embedded in the organization including storytelling, narrative databases, simulation games, employee orientation, training, and professional development strategies. The role of technologies and the role of culture in the success or failure of these strategies are discussed together with recommendations on how to best ensure lessons learned result in learning and, ultimately, how they create changes in individual, group, and organizational behavior.


The soil water contents at the liquid and plastic limits (the Atterberg limits) are widely used in the classification of soils for engineering purposes. Approximately 500 soil samples (129 Ap horizons and 417 B and C horizons) collected over several years as part of the ongoing soil survey program in Saskatchewan were analyzed for texture and Atterberg limits. On about half of the samples water retention (−33 kPa and −1500 kPa matric potential and air dryness), and organic and inorganic C were also determined. The relationship between the Atterberg limits and soil properties was explored through correlation and regression analysis. Clay and organic matter content explained most of the observed variation in the Atterberg limits of the Ap horizons. Clay was the most important independent variable in the B and C horizons, while inorganic C had only a relatively small impact. Key words: Atterberg limits, texture, organic and inorganic C


The study of a silica nanolayer implanted by semiconductor (germanium or silicon) species offers unique insights regarding the structural evolution and, ultimately, the controlled fabrication of nanoelectronics multiphase materials through one or more phase transformation steps. A description integrating important restructuring phenomena identified so far is provided and special emphasis is placed upon the interpretation and consequences of new transmission electron microscopy observations of in situ phase separation of Ge-implanted nanolayers. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper focuses on studying the impact of laser irradiation (   = 532 nm, power 15 mW) on human blood plasma. The structural changes in plasma were controlled by the crystallographic method with the mean crystallogram segment size as a numerical evaluation. In addition, the structural changes were explored by processing the speckle patterns obtained during laser radiation passes through plasma. Exposure to laser radiation of    = 532 nm for 20 min resulted in the 30% reduced the crystallogram characteristic size with the dynamics of the structural changes coinciding with the dynamics discovered by speckle patterns processing. The crystallographic method revealed that laser induced structural changes in plasma remain for 24–36 h after exposure.


We give an algorithmic generalisation of Dickson's method of classifying permutation polynomials (PPs) of a given degree $d$ over finite fields. Dickson's idea is to formulate from Hermite's criterion several polynomial equations satisfied by the coefficients of an arbitrary PP of degree $d$ . Previous classifications of PPs of degree at most 6 were essentially deduced from manual analysis of these polynomial equations, but this approach is no longer viable for $d>6$ . Our idea is to calculate some radicals of ideals generated by the polynomials, implemented by a computer algebra system. Our algorithms running in SageMath 8.6 on a personal computer work very fast to determine all PPs of degree 8 over an arbitrary finite field of odd order $q>8$ . Such PPs exist if and only if $q\in \{11,13,19,23,27,29,31\}$ and are explicitly listed in normalised form.


The not ions of cons i s ten t o rder ing and zero c i rcula t ion are s h o w n to be dual notions by re la t ing these no t ions to the incidence and circui t mat r ices of an a p p r o p r i a t e directed graph. KEY "WORDS AND PHRASES: consistent ordering, zero circulation, incidence matrix, c i rcu i t matrix, graph theory CR CATEGORIES: 5.14, 5.32


Experimental teaching plays an important role in entrepreneurship education,and the construction of the curriculum system is the key to improving entrepreneurship education experimental teaching.This paper discusses the construction of an entrepreneurship education experimental curriculum system from the perspective of the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability,and puts forward a basic frame of entrepreneurship education experimental curriculum system,which is constituted by "entrepreneurial experiment","entrepreneurial practical training" and "entrepreneurial actual combating".


In a globalized world, there are clear differences in ideologies that are
 usually not spelled out. The paper follows the approach prescribed by Ben
 David's "Victim's Victimology" (2000) and applies a classical approach to
 ideologies in social sciences by W.B. Miller (1973). The main subject of this
 paper is the difference between local order ideology and human rights
 ideology. The aim is to show that formal social control is determined or
 influenced by these different ideologies. The authors analyze four cases of
 victimization of women in different social settings , in Sudan (2012), Canada
 (2012), India (1985) and in Pakistan (2002). In all these cases the local
 order ideology clashes with a human rights ideology. Limits to tolerance must
 be clear.


Discrimination cases figured prominently in the Supreme Court's 2001 docket, with five of the seven discrimination cases considering the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The twelve year old statute is widely considered the most significant civil rights statute of the past quarter century. In fact, the number of cases considered by the Court led Justice O'Connor to speculate that the 2001 term could be "remembered as the disabilities act term." The Supreme Court's decisions in four of the five ADA cases continued the Court's pattern of restricting the scope of the ADA by interpreting the statute in a manner benefiting employers. However, the term was not a clean sweep for employers because in three less publicized but nevertheless important employment discrimination cases, it was the employees who scored significant victories.Following the enactment of the ADA, the Court was presented with a number of opportunities to interpret the scope of the Act as it relates to employment discrimination. The Court's decisions have led one disability advocate to refer to the ADA as "the incredible shrinking law." The Court's 2001 decisions serve to narrow even further the reach of the ADA. The Court held that a person who is unable to perform her assigned work due to carpal tunnel syndrome is not disabled within the meaning of the Act. Additionally, the Court concluded that a seniority system typically trumps the ADA's requirement of accommodating disabled workers, and that an employer need not hire a disabled individual if the position poses risks to the employee's own health. Finally, the Court determined that disabled individuals who succeed in an ADA Title II public entities case cannot recover punitive damages. Justice O'Connor suggests the reason for the Court's intervention is clear: Congress simply passed the law too quickly, leaving too many uncertainties as to what Congress had in mind.


The limited knowledge about COVID19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes mortality figures hard to interpret in the undetermined prevalence of an asymptomatic infection. Treatments are currently being tested, but without proof of an effective vaccination, the fear of further detrimental outcomes, due to a second wave, persists. One of the main differences in the death toll among the various countries seems related to the different response to the outbreak: early measures of containment as lockdown, revealed their effectiveness in mitigating the virus spread, with the earliest the lockdown, the lower the death toll [1].


BELGIAN CHEMICAL MAKER Solvay has made a cash tender offer to buy France's Rhodia for $4.8 billion, a move that will accelerate Solvay's expansion into fast-growing developing markets and nearly double its global sales. The acquisition of Rhodia will create "a major global chemicals platform under the banner of Solvay," CEO Christian Jourquin says. In addition, the deal will allow Solvay to deploy cash it has been sitting on since selling its pharmaceuticals business to Abbott Laboratories for $7.6 billion more than a year ago. Coming on the heels of Clariant's February agreement to buy Sud-Chemie for $2.6 billion (C&EN, Feb. 21, page 10), the purchase will continue consolidation in the European chemical industry. Rhodia's board of directors has approved the combination, which would have ranked Solvay as the world's 17th-largest chemical company in C&EN's most recent Global Top 50 survey. The new firm will have $17 billion in annual sales, 40% of which ...


This paper introduces the target and significance of establishing university's RD information security and the contents of university's RD information security, analyzes on the types and features of university's RD information service mode, and points out the methods for university's RD project information security.


Abstract This article is about 'Wimbledon', widely celebrated – not least in its own publicity material – as the world's premier tennis tournament. It examines 'Wimbledon' essentially as a text (hence the inverted commas), viewed politically and historically. In this context, 'Wimbledon' is seen as a signifier of a certain kind of Englishness, carefully adapted to meet changing social and economic circumstance. Loose parallels are drawn between the cultural trajectory of 'Wimbledon' and that of the British royal family. The transmutations of 'Wimbledon' as a tennis championship are also seen as reflecting Britain's decline as a world power during the twentieth century.


Society has a variety of differences, one of them in judge a thing. This is showed by how people provide discriminative treatment to veiled Muslim woman. Pressure from environment can't fade away positive way Muslim woman veiled in face problem is called resilience. It is because strong commitment in religion influence in generating resilience to overcome the pressure from the environment. Accordingly the purpose of this study to find out how much influence of religious commitment to resilience. This study used a quantitative approach with cross-sectional type. Measuring instrument used adapted from El-Menoar research based on 5 dimensions of Glock and Stark and CD-RISC to measure reilience. There were 69 participant recruited by purposive sampling according to the criteria specified. This data analyzed with simple linier regression. The result showed a positive there is an significant influence of religious commitment of 28% on the resilience of Muslim woman veiled.


I examine the effect of blockholder board representation on a borrower's terms of debt. I document an inverse relationship with both the variable interest rate and count of loan covenants, consistent with debtholders viewing blockholder-directors favorably. Despite being an inherently active strategy, this mechanism is frequently used by blockholders outside those typically studied as "activists." In fact, those who take committed monitoring roles, rather than those with short-term or adversarial aims, drive the overall relationship. Collectively, the evidence suggests that blockholder-directors can serve as substitute monitors to debtholders when their incentives are aligned. This study highlights the importance of considering the heterogeneous incentives among blockholders, as well as identifying the specific mechanisms they employ.


Raising of problem. The success of modern business depends not so much from the efficient use of natural resources, but from the fruitful communication between business subjects and timely receipt of the necessary information on the development and implementation of new technologies, which necessitates finding better mechanisms for innovative co-operation of business subjects in conditions of constant transformation of the received knowledge. A research aim is developing the innovative mechanisms for the co-operation of e business subjects by gaining new knowledge in the process of economic transformation. The methodological basis of research was modern regulatory and legislative aspects of innovation. The research uses dialectical methods, methods and principles of scientific knowledge, tools of economic analysis for improve the mechanisms of innovative communication, obtaining the latest information and knowledge of business subjects. The basic hypothesis of research was the assumption of the possibility of improving mechanism of modern communication of e business subjects by interested in combining all available resources, including intellectual, to solve pressing regional and national problems. Exposition of basic material. In the article examines the principles of innovation and identifies the main aspects on which the communication of business subjects in the conditions of constant transformation of existing knowledge. It were analyzed the main indicators, which characterizing the level of innovative achievements and substantiated the measures for effective co-operation of business subjects. The originality and practical meaningfulness of research is confirmed by the proposed improved mechanism of co-operation of business subjects, which based on a certain level of innovative transformations of all communicating institutions and aimed at achieving national, regional goals and development strategies, which based on global challenges problems. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. It is proved that innovative mechanisms of of co-operation of business subjects should include: economic incentives to encourage effective of communication of business subjects; innovative strategies for initiating measures to unite different companies and institutions; reforms in educational activities for lifelong learning in the real life cycle of of business subjects; extensive infrastructure with stable communication links; prospectus for the provision of intellectual services that determine the level of innovative knowledge of human capital. Further research will focus on establishing and improving partnerships, connections and communications between different businesses


David Tinsley looks at a recently-delivered large cruise ferry, built at DSME in Korea, which is designed to serve Tunisia's link with Europe, and is built for speed as well as comfort.


This course explores the history and theory of the modern human rights regime. We will start with the present conundrum of human rights: a surfeit of human rights law, nationally and internationally, and an actual lack of rights for individuals and people; the proliferation of humanitarian activism and the suspicion that it will not alleviate misery and provide succor. The discussion of the present will lead us to wonder when, where, and for whom human rights and, for that matter, humanitarianism provide actual solutions to real-life problems – and what these problems might be. We will also explore the passions that motivated people to pursue human rights and the empathy that led them to uproot injustice – and what this passion did and did not achieve. The revolutionary challenges to national and international society in the late eighteenth and in the mid twentieth century will be the two pivots of this inquiry. But we will also spend a good deal of time wondering about the curious absence of human rights in the midst of the proliferation of humanitarian good will in moments of high imperialism. And nowadays we need to be concerned once again with those moments of ill will, when even humanitarianism is failing. This, in turn, will gives us plenty of material to return to the present and to come to some informed conclusions, where we stand today in terms of human rights. Reading Assignments: You will find quite a bit of reading for each lecture, which you may or may not read. You might want to use the brief bibliographies for your papers or simply because you are or get interested in the topic and want to know more than the lecture can provide. However, you will always read the documents, if documents are assigned, and the book listed for the discussion section. The must-read items are marked with an asterisk (*).


The development of ADSL technology provides convenience in a network that is used. While the phone only to use some frequencies that can delivered by copper wires. ADSL born using access technology that enables communication of data, voice and video simultaneously. ADSL access network using twisted pair copper cable. Called Asymmetric because the rate or speed of central direction to the customer (downstream) is not equal to the rate of transmission from subscribers to the central direction (upstream).


Continuing the extensive project to promote protected natural heritage and biodiversity, we decided, this time, to emphasize the collaboration of the Romanian postal administration with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and its purely philatelic interpretations, introducing in scientific circulation the idea of thematic philately for endangered species protection. In this sense, the first topic addressed is the first issue of Romanian postage stamps dedicated exclusively to protected animals in Romania, published in early 1977. From that date until now, at the end of 2020, Romanian philately has been enriched, on quite rare occasions (3-4 in number), with the most interesting and original issues at the same time. As mentioned, the purpose of this paper is to make known to the public and to widely promote the term of protection and sustainable management of endangered species, Original Research Article Cioruța and Pop; AJEE, 14(1): 1-23, 2021; Article no.AJEE.63760 2 as an alarm signal on the deplorable condition in which various species of fish, birds or even mammals are treated. For some of these species not to disappear, it was decided to pass them under the protection of the law, where the WWF also has a special contribution through its initiatives. The results of the research undertaken underline the mass character of thematic philately and the fundamental role as an ambassador of knowledge promotion that it has played over time. Regarding the philatelic issues that address this thematic, we can say that they successfully highlight the implications of WWF along with those of the Romanian postal administration in promoting the natural capital to be protected, but especially the impressive work of collectors of philatelic effects, as well as of those who used the postal service.


A wood-structure building structure, floor structure, the roof structure and build construction method, the floor decking is installed in the foundation, the walls were plated with a pillar mounted on the wall section to the beam assembly on the first floor, with decking support so that the floor plank floor and the first floor wall engaging portion, so that by combining the floor between the floor beams plated indirectly bonded. After assembling the second floor wall portion by the bonding agent so that the roof and floor wall portion joined plated using roof-mount on the spine wood plated engagement by the engagement between the roof so that the roof decking indirect arms together, thereby assembling the roof portion . The present invention can reduce the floor structure, wall, roof assembly man-hours.


As the enterprises pay more attention to social responsibility,the cause marketing has already become a high exposing、low costing way which can promote enterprises' popularity,but the enterprises in our country do not have a complete understanding about it.Under the new business environment,this article analyzed the experiences of multinational corporations in cause marketing and the reasons of the lack of the enterprises in our country in cause marketing,and pointed out how to treat the cause marketing from a height view,and how to really carry out the win-win of social benefits and the enterprises' effectiveness.


The concept of personality theories and personality disorders has developed in modern times from deep roots in philosophy and psychodynamic theory. This theory orientation has evolved to diagnostic and treatment application. Much of the literature has focused on personality disorders as independent and singular constructs. Phenomenological discussions and deeper understandings of dysfunctional relationships between the two specific disorders of dependent personality and narcissistic personality are lacking. Significant longsuffering, abusive, and pathological behaviors at times are observed among dependent personality types in bad relationships. The objective of this study was to gather data from a sample of dependent types to discover and reference their developmental traits, their self-awareness, and their awareness of their partner. The search was for important indicators of unhealthy relationship potential which may have existed from the relationship beginning. The study was specific to dependent individuals who experienced intimate relationships with narcissistic personality types. © by Gregory D. Roberts 2016 All Rights Reserved


The invention relates to polyester resin dope technological field, especially a kind of low temperature solidifying polyester surface lacquer used for pre-smearing of metal convolving material and its producing method. It makes high activeness linear polyester resin modified from glycidyl ester of of versatic acid as membrane forming resin, and amino resin as modification agent, then match with pigment plasm, auxiliary agent and mixed solvent to produce. The finished weight solid shares are 40-80%, and smear 4 cups at 23 Deg. C, its viscosity is 30-200 seconds. It can be solidified to membrane in 30 - 60 seconds at 200 - 216 Deg. C of baseplate temperature. The dope of the invention can reduce the baseplate temperature of solidifying paint membrane (PMT) by 25 Deg. C, and the drying tunnel temperature reduces 50 - 80 Deg. C. It decreases energy waste, reduces the production cost of pre-smearing convolving material.


The article by Johnson et al. makes two important contributions. First, it demonstrates the value of examining variation in health as a phenomenon of interest in and of itself. Secondly, it provides empirical evidence challenging the assertion that the association of socio-economic position and health is due primarily to shared genetic predispositions. Both contributions have important implications for future studies related to socio-economic exposures and population health.


ABSTRACT We describe the rarity of Helicobacter pylori strains of vacuolating cytotoxin type s1a (the type most commonly associated with peptic ulceration in the United States) among black and mixed-race South Africans. We also provide the first description of a naturally occurring strain with the vacA allelic structure s2/m1.


This paper describes a new master pipeline-control system for a products pipeline crossing The Netherlands into West Germany. This control system was commissioned late last year.


Tram is becoming one of the most popular means of transportation in Europe because of it"s advantage such as accessibility and eco-friendly. Meanwhile the trams are operated with other kinds of road transportations, the accident can be happened not only with itself but also with other road vehicles. Accordingly the crashworthiness design needs to be complied with recently released standard EN15227. This paper describes the crashworthiness assessment according to EN15227. There are two kinds of crash scenario and two kinds of criteria for each. The first scenario : A front-end colliding between two identical trams at 15km/h. The second scenario : A front colliding into a 3ton road-crossing obstacle placed on the railway at 25km/h with an incidence of 45 deg. Explicit FEA has been used for the evaluation.


The aim of this article is analysis of energy performance of the timber-frame passive house. The analysis is made on the base of numerical simulation, analytical calculation and experimental measurement. Numerical simulation is solved by the Design Builder software which can determine thermal losses, thermal loads of buildings and other parameters of indoor microclimate - mean radiant temperature, operating temperature and indoor relative humidity, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) index, concentration CO2 (carbon dioxide). Analytical calculations are solved by the software Simulace. Boundary conditions of the exterior calculation are set with using standard values and the real hour meteorological values (from database of the software Design Builder for Ostrava town and from database of the real experimental measurement values). Experimental measurements of the indoor and exterior parameters (external and indoor air temperature) are realized at the passive timber-frame house of the Research and Innovation Centre of the Moravian-Silesian Wood Cluster in the area of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental measurements are compared and evaluated.


This article presents a brief history of missile simulations and a discussion of the programming languages and paradigms used for developing them. Evolving language and programming paradigms elicit requirements for new simulation architectures. Within this execution framework, engineering-level guidance, navigation, and control simulations must include certain functional modules to capture the performance characteristics of the missile system. The level of model sophistication required depends on the particular engineering question to be answered. Six-degree-of-freedom simulations are effective tools for cost and risk reduction during the development and deployment of missile systems.


In this paper we present an algorithm for efficient activity recognition operating upon human skeleton motion sequences, derived through motion capture systems or by analyzing the output of RGB-D sensors. Our approach is driven from the assumption that, if two such sequences describe similar activities, then, consecutive frames (poses) of one sequence are expected to be similar to consecutive frames of the other. The proposed method adopts a quaternion based distance metric to calculate the similarity between poses and an intuitive method for estimating a similarity score between two skeleton motion sequences, based on the structure of a pose correspondence matrix. Our method achieved 99.5% correct activity recognition, when applied on motion capture data, in a classification task consisting of 18 classes of activities.


Hanumappa Sudarshan is battling on two fronts in India: for rural health facilities and against corruption. He tells Rebecca Coombes that he would have been murdered if he was living in the more political northern areas of the country


Aim. To study the mid-term effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in the structural and functional parameters of blood vessels, exercise tolerance and quality of life indicators in patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. Patients (n=70) with verified stable CAD (angina pectoris class II-III) complicated by chronic heart faillure class II-III (NYHA) were included in the study. Data from 65 patients (48 to 74 years old; 45 men and 20 women) are included in the final analysis. All patients had a course of EECP (35 hours procedures with a compression pressure of 220-280 mm Hg). All patients at baseline, 3 and 6 months later had a 6 walk minute test (6WMT), an assessment of the clinical status, quality of life of patients (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, SF-36). Computer nailfold video capillaroscopy, photoplethysmography with pulse wave recording and contour analysis, applanation tonometry to assess central aortic systolic pressure and radial augmentation index were performed to assess the structural and functional state of large and microcirculatory vessels.Results. Significant improvement in exercise tolerance both after 3 and after 6 months (increase in distance in 6WMT by 44.6% after 3 months and 34.3% after 6 months, p <0.05), improved quality of life (increased overall score on the SF-36 questionnaire from 50.3±8.1 to 59.8±8.8, p<0.05), an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction were found. Significant improvement in indicators showing the function of the endothelium of both large vessels (phase shift: from 5.6 [2.45; 7.3] to 6.8 [3.1; 8.1] m / s) and microcirculatory vessels (occlusion index: from 1.51 [1.21; 1.7] to 1.66 [1.2; 1.9]), as well as a decrease in functional disorders of the capillary bed of the skin (% of perfused capillaries, density of the capillary network in the test with reactive hyperemia) were found after 3 months. However, after 6 months, there were no significant changes in these parameters compared to the baseline value. No significant change in indicators showing structural remodeling of both large vessels and microcirculatory vessels was found.Conclusion. The positive effect of the EECP course on the functional status (exercise tolerance) and quality of life in patients with stable coronary artery disease complicated by chronic heart faillure was found both after 3 and 6 months. Positive dynamics of the functional state of large vessels and microvasculature was found only after 3 months.


There were various objectives behind the decision of the Chinese Government to launch a land reform movement in 1950. In political terms, it served to eliminate a serious obstacle to the consolidation of its authority by depriving the landlord class of the roots of its power. In economic terms, the redistribution of essential resources (draft animals, seed, tools and buildings as well as land) promised to release rural forces of production. In terms of social welfare, too, the change in land relations was likely to be beneficial if it were accompanied by a more equitable distribution of agricultural output.


With the advance and the development of sensors, computing devices and wireless communication networks, ubiquitous computing has been an active and fast growing research area. The technology is applied in educational domain, resulting in ubiquitous learning, in which the system can detect the students' behavior and provide personalized support to guide the students to learn in real world. This paper focuses on activity recognition in ubiquitous learning environment which assists the novice user to conduct a complex experiment. Here the activity is a kind of complex activity which is an independent task to achieve a certain goal and is composed of simple actions. The approach we propose is knowledge-driven technique. We first present concepts of context pattern and context evolving pattern, and based on these concepts define the activity model. Then we analyze the condition of distinguishable activity and propose the algorithm of activity recognition. Activity model in single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment support system is designed and the method is further interpreted through this case.


This paper explores the effectiveness of Data Mining (DM) classification techniques in detecting firms that issue fraudulent financial statements (FFS) and deals with the identification of factors associated to FFS. In accomplishing the task of management fraud detection, auditors could be facilitated in their work by using Data Mining techniques. This study investigates the usefulness of Decision Trees, Neural Networks and Bayesian Belief Networks in the identification of fraudulent financial statements. The input vector is com-posed of ratios derived from financial statements. The three models are compared in terms of their performances.


Desktop management is probably the most resource-consuming task for the typical operations and support team, regardless of being frequently overlooked as not as complex or specialized as core network operations and management. Nowadays this scenario is even worse, since the increasing number and complexity of desktop systems was not matched by satisfactory management solutions - despite the relative success of products such as Intel's Landesk or Microsoft's SMS. In order to address this problem, we are exploring a different approach to desktop management, through the design and implementation of the openDMS management framework. This open source framework differs from available products in several points, such as earlier remote management mechanisms (prior to operating system load), incorporation of existing open standards, a network-centric architecture, operating system neutrality and tighter integration between traditional PC, thin clients and network PC. In this paper we discuss the current status of desktop management solutions and we present an overview of the OpenDMS approach, including its most relevant technical foundations and an application scenario.


We approach the problem of understanding the disease progression and speech of patients suffering from ALS as a language divergence identification problem. We summarize the promises and challenges of using speech-related biomarkers to adapt speech recognition to ALS patients and correlate language divergence with disease progression.


workmanlike and empirically useful but notably lacking in novel insights or incisive recommendations. They register the continued survival of a lumbering and inefficient state sector, the distorted effects of the 1973/74 oil price rises, the progressive marginalization of Comibol, and some limited advances made by the state development corporation. Nowhere, however, does any author treat in more than passing fashion the semi-visible but critical expansion of the cocaine industry, which even before 1978 was exercising some influence on a deepening balance of payments crisis that by the time the book appeared would formally have left Bolivia a bankrupt nation. The most interesting chapters relate to agrarian developments, especially in Santa Cruz, hitherto badly understudied and increasingly the site of a replacement for the old extractive economy that provided such a particular political trajectory of militant syndicalism and defensive militarism. Even after the projected demise of the tin era such political figures will exercise powerful effects and are likely to set Bolivian politics apart from those of its neighbours, but one notes in the erratically expanding agro-industry of the Oriente and its allied effects in terms of population movement, trade patterns and practices, civic organization and political forms not only many factors in the present crisis but also a great many of the 'prospects for the future'. The patient and discerning reader will be able to extract a similar conclusion from this book, but it is not presented in a lucid and comprehensive manner. Perhaps this is because although the revolution is now over thirty years old, this text is notably bereft of a contribution on the post-52 era written by an historian. In view of the dearth of material on the country, one certainly welcomes the appearance of this book, but with the wish that, after such a prolonged silence, it could have been produced with greater editorial authority and precision.


This paper introduces the difference and the relation between base surveying and special surveying in citry construction.Base surveying is the basis of all special surveying,and is developing to special surveying,which is not only the demand of widening the operation fields,but is also the demand of data updating.


58 surface sediment samples from the Jiulongjiang estuary were analysed by laser particle sizer.Hierarchical clustering and GSTA model were respectively applied to the analyse.The sedimentary characteristics and environments and migration trends of surface sediments in the study area were discussed.The results show that surface sediments are made up of 10 kinds of sediment types in Jiulongjiang estuary,compared those in 1980's.The sediment type distributions and grain sizes have changed.The study area was divided into three types of depositional environments corresponding to its sedimentary dynamics properties.The migration trends are affected by the special terrain and complex hydrodynamic conditions of surface sediments as follows:in in the north and out in the south,anti-clockwise migration trends in the northwest of the Haimen Island and convergence in three directions of migration in the area east of the Haimen Island.


Purpose: Evidence has accumulated in recent years suggestive of a genetic basis for a susceptibility to the development of radiation injury following cancer radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess whether patients with severe radiation-induced sequelae (RIS, i.e. NCI/CTCv3.0 grade ≥ 3 ) display both a low capacity of radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) in vitro and possess certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in candidate genes associated with the response of cells to radiation. Experimental Design: DNA was isolated from blood samples obtained from patients (n = 399) included in the Swiss prospective study evaluating the predictive effect of in vitro RILA and RIS. SNPs in the ATM, SOD2, XRCC1, XRCC3, TGFB1, and RAD21 genes were screened in patients who experienced severe RIS (group A, n = 16 ) and control subjects who did not manifest any evidence of RIS (group B, n = 18 ). a total and 4 SNPs patients SNPs Conclusions:


Objective To study the anatomic site distribution of chinese colorectal cancer(CRC) and its influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 790 CRC patients received operative treatment in our hospital from 1980 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The percentage of the cancers located in proximal colon, distal colon and rectum was 27.0%,19.6% and 53.4%, respectively. From 1980~1989 to 1990~1999, the proportion of proximal colon cancers increased from 26.7% to 27.1%, rectal cancers increased from 52.4% to 54.3%, and distal colon cancers decreased from 20.9% to 18.6%(P0.05). The proportion of proximal colon cancers of male and female was 25.1% and 29.3%, respectively, that of distal colon cancers was 20.4% and 18.7%,and that of rectal cancers was 54.5% and 52.0% (P0.05).From ≤40 years to 71~80 years, the proportion of proximal colon cancers remained stable, distal colon cancers increased from 14.7% to 26.9%, and rectal cancers decreasd from 58.6% to 47.8% (P0.05). Conclusion Rectum was the most common anatomic site of chinese CRC. Age,gender and other factors could affect the anatomic site distribution of CRC. Studying the anatomic site distribution of CRC was helpful to select more reasonable diagnosis methods for early discovery, early diagnosis and early treatment of CRC.


Friction stir welding, a solid state joining technique, is widely being used for joining Aluminum alloys for aerospace, marine, automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. Friction stir welding (FSW) can produce better mechanical properties in the weld zone compared to other conventional welding techniques. FSW trials were carried out using a vertical milling machine on AA 6061 alloy. The main objective of this article is to find the optimum operating conditions for butt joint made of aluminum alloy AA6061. Four major controllable factors each at four levels, namely, rotational speed, welding speed, tool pin length, offset distance are considered for the present study. The uncontrollable factors include ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation and hardness which can be converted to signal-to-noise ratios. The gray based taguchi method which is a multiple response process is used to optimize the factors. A gray relational grade obtained from gray relational analysis is used as the multiple performance characteristic. The resulting optimum process parameters are rotational speed at 800 rpm, welding speed at 10 mm/min, pin tool length at 5.7mm and offset distance 0.4mm for the best multiple performance characteristics. Further a three dimensional solid model has been developed using Ansys parametric development language code(APDL) for validation of the experimental results. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with that of experimental results. Keywords— Aluminum; Ansys; Friction Stir welding; Gray based Taguchi; Optimization; 1.0. INTRODUCTION FSW is a novel material joining technique invented by Thomas et al.The welding institute, TWI) in 1991[1]. Material subjected to FSW does not melt and recast and hence the resultant weldment offers advantages over conventional arc weldments, such as better mechanical properties at weld zone and fewer weld defects. In recent years FSW has become one of the most important solid state joining process, and it consumes considerably less energy. No shielding gas or flux is used, thereby making the process environmental friendly.In FSW, as in Elongovan et al. conducted experiments using a non consumable rotating tool with a specially designed pin and shoulder[2]. The heat is generated between the wear resistant welding tool and the material of the work pieces. The heat causes the latter to soften without reaching the melting point and allows traveling of the tool along the welding line. Comparing the velocity of the tool and the time required for the pieces to reach softening temperature, the optimal tool velocity has been provided by Chien et al.[3]. The experimental and numerical evaluation of friction stir welds of AA 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was studied by Prasanna, P. et al.[4]. Finite element modeling for maximum temperature in friction stir welding and its validation has been proved by Prasanna,P.et all [5].The percentage of the generated heat from the tool shoulder or the tool pin was investigated by Song and Kovacevic [6]. The Taguchi technique for the experimental data analysis is a common method used in conventional welding as in Jayaraman.M et al. [7]. The graybased Taguchi technique for experimental data analysis has been applied to conventional welding by Tarng et al. [8]. As per the available literature, this method has not been applied to FSW. Peel et al. [9]. Chi-hui chien,et all [10] have studied mechanical properties like ultimate tensile stress and percentage of elongation as a function of four parameters like tool rotation speed, transverse, tool tilt angle with respect to the work piece surface and pin tool length. Previous researchers have focused on the different parameters of friction stir welding process like rotational speed, welding speed, tool pin length, tool tilt angle, with cylindrical tool on AA 5083 alloy. In the present work, the butt joint made on AA 6061 alloy by using hexagonal tool profile by considering the controllable factors like rotational speed, welding speed, tool pin length and tool pin offset distance from axis of the shoulder , to show the best multiple performance characteristics by using Gray Relational Analysis(GRA) according to Lin et al [11].The maximum temperature created by FSW process P.Prasanna, Dr.Ch.Penchalayya, Dr.D.Anandamohana Rao / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.1471-1481 1472 | P a g e ranges from 70% to 90% of the melting temperature of the work piece material, as measured by the tang et al [12] and col grove et al [13], so that welding defects and large distortion commonly associated with fusion welding are minimized or avoided. The objective of this article is to study the effects of rotational speed, welding speed (velocity of the tool), pin tool length, tool pin offset distance on the ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation and hardness. The four four-level controllable variables are assigned to the L16 orthogonal array. The values of uncontrollable variables are converted to signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio performance measures. Taguchi parameter design can optimize the performance characteristics through the setting of process parameters and can reduce the sensitivity of the system performance to sources of variation. The multiple-response process of robustness, the gray-based Taguchi method as in Lin[11]. The statistical method ANOVA is used to interpret the experimental data. Further, the maximum temperate is tested through simulation at optimized parameters using Ansys. The validity of the proposed simulation model is checked with the existing literature as in the tang et al [12] and col grove et al [13]. 2.0. Experimental Details: (a). Friction Stir welding with a rotating tool (b). Conventional milling (c).Hexagonal tool profile machine (d). Fabricated Joints (e). Tensile test machine (f). Hardness test machine Fig.1. Experimental details The specimens of the size of 200mmx100mmx6mm were machined from AA6061 aluminum alloy plates. The two plates of AA6061 aluminum alloy were Friction stir welded in the butt configuration by using conventional vertical milling machine. The two plates were placed side by side and clamped firmly to prevent the abutting joint faces from being forced apart. The FSW procedure was based on the TWI procedure described in the patent by Thomas et al.(1991). The experimental set up is shown in Fig.1(a-c). The welding direction of aluminum alloy was along the line of the joint. The rotation of the tool resulted in stirring and mixing of material around the rotating pin and the linear movement of the tool moved the stirred material from the front to the back of the pin and finished the welding process. The insertion depth of the pin into the work pieces was associated with the pin height (length). The tool shoulder contacting the work piece surface depends on the insertion depth of the pin, which results in generation of welds with inner channel, surface groove, excessive flash, and providing small tool pin off set distance from the center of the shoulder will give more heat between the shoulder surface and work piece material. Totally, 16 FSW joints were produced as shown in fig 1(d-e).Tensile tests were carried based on ASTM standard. The FSW joint plates were sawed into the dimension 200x20mm. The tensile tests were carried out by universal testing machine to find maximum loading and percentage of elongation. Percentage of elongation is defined as ratio of deformation to original length of 50mm. Hardness tests were carried out on Rockwell hardness machine at a force of 60kgf as shown in fig1(f).Properties of aluminum alloy AA 6061 is given in the table. P.Prasanna, Dr.Ch.Penchalayya, Dr.D.Anandamohana Rao / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.1471-1481 1473 | P a g e Table1:% of chemical composition AA 6061 –T6 alloy Mg Si Fe Cu Zn Ti Mn Cr others Al 0.8 1.2 0.40.8 0.7 0.150.4 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.040.35 0.05 98.7 Table2. Mechanical and physical properties of AA 6061 –T6 alloy Young's modulus Tensile strength Ultimate tensile strength (G Pa) (M Pa) (M Pa)


Activated 2-phenylaziridines with a second substituent R in position 3 were made to react with xanthyl anion X - . Nucleophilic ring opening is the only reaction that occurs with sulfonyl activation. The analogous N-benzoylaziridines (1) undergo this type of ring opening when the two substituents Ph and R are trans. The cis isomers (cis-1, Ph and R cis) react in this manner to a negligible extent if any. The (nearly) exclusive ring cleavage reaction of cis-1 is C-N homolysis of an intermediate ketyl formed by single electron transfer (SET) from X - . This cis-trans phenomenon is in accordance with the hypothesis that the two competing reactions depend in an opposite manner on the steepness of the nitrogen pyramid


Language socialization research in bilingual and multilingual settings, particularly across EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and ESL (English as a Second Language) contexts, has addressed the processes by which novices are «apprenticed» or mentored into the linguistic and nonlinguistic ideologies, values, practices, and stances (affective, epistemic, and other) of sociocultural groups to ultimately become «competent members» of these learning communities. However, one of the unexplored bilingual education contexts from a language socialization perspective refers to «Content and Language Integrated Learning» or CLIL, defined as «inclusive of a wide range of educational practices provided that these practices are conducted through the medium of an additional language and both language and the subject have a joint role». Taking these premises as a point of departure, this article discusses the language socialization processes CLIL teachers undergo to become competent members of the bilingual school communities (BSC) that have proliferated extensively in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM), Spain, in the last decade. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in four different bilingual state-funded and state-funded private schools in this region, the article analyzes the case of San Marcos' teachers' narratives of becoming and doing CLIL as «meta-agentive» discursive sites that display the ideologies and practices of professional personhood at stake in CLIL programs. The article further advances the latest ethnographic CLIL agenda interested in revealing the social processes involved in the organization of exclusionary practices in the era of the «bilingual» craze and pressure across different Spanish autonomous communities


A user-activated modular switch assembly includes an actuator assembly slidable between a first position and a second position on a housing. A static knob or a rocking knob is selectively mounted to the actuator assembly to provide either conventional slide actuation or rocking activation of the switch. The actuator assembly configuration includes integral mounting members allowing for the direct mounting of either knob type.


Access at: www.AERjournal.com The current option for refractory treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) includes hybrid AF-surgery. The hybrid approach was originally a combination of mini-invasive surgical epicardial evaluation and ablation, as well as endocardial electrophysiologist (EP) catheter ablation with the intention of creating a lesion set to cure AF. In the search for greater efficacy with less patient invalidation, different surgical and EP approaches have been developed. Variable timing between the epicardial approach and EP endocardial procedure has also emerged. Potential risks (Table 1) and claimed conversion rates to sinus rhythm after hybrid AF treatment vary from 27 to 94 %. The large variation in success rate is probably due to differences in patient selection between centres, staging and surgical technical approaches, lesion sets, periprocedural care and endpoints, energy sources, and choice of endpoints used after the procedure. Experience and technical improvements, as well as a search for greater value-based healthcare treatment of AF has led us to develop a one-stage hybrid method described in this manuscript.


Industry commonly works with experts to put across its message. Charlie Buckwell (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39541.702870.59) believes that such interaction is essential for medical advancement, but Giovanni Fava argues that it risks scientific integrity


Compaction degree is an important index that has effect on asphalt pavement service life andservice property. This paper shows the necessaties of raising the compaction degree, and the possibility of improve the compaction degree of asphalt pavement for choosing rational compaction technology.


Enzymatic hydrolysis of aquatic proteins in controlled conditions is one of the most important ways to increase values of the low-value aquatic products and of the by-products in aquatic product processing.The choice of enzymes, the flowsheet for enzymatic hydrolysis, the reaction mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and the applications of enzymatic hydrolysates were introduced in this paper. The general situation of the utilization of aquatic proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis was reviewed. Meanwhile, the research and application trends of enzymatic hydrolysis of aquatic protein resourses were envisaged in this review.


Researchers in vocational education (VE) often are not viewed as having made substantial contributions to VE practice. The VE literature and the poor attendance at American Vocational Education Research Association sessions by vocational educators are evidence of the gaps that have developed between VE research and practice, basic and applied research, theory and practice, and practitioners and researchers. Researchers in VE must find ways of overcoming these gaps. Among the related issues that have been raised in the literature since the 1960s are the following: the relative benefit of quantitative and qualitative research studies; the need for research that is simultaneously more programmatic and more applied; the need for university researchers to maintain "private" lines of inquiry while meeting their responsibilities of supervising graduate students' research and researching topics for which funding is available; and the need to find individuals to conduct VE research in the wake of elimination of research coordinating units and staff/funding cutbacks at state/federal departments of education and universities. One way to begin bridging the gap between theory and practice would be to begin research on how to deliver VE teacher preparation and other services through regional centers and distance education. (Contains 71 references.) (MN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Mice EclucamwReseembefiainviovmem EDU TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality


Provided are a nanocellulose composite and a method for manufacturing same. A method for manufacturing a nanocellulose composite may comprise the steps of: preparing cellulose nanofibers; mixing the cellulose nanofibers in a solvent with a silica precursor to attach silica particles or form a silica coating layer on the surface of the cellulose nanofibers; and mixing the cellulose nanofibers having the silica particles or silica coating layer formed thereon with a polymer. According to the present invention, by using a surface-vitrified nanocellulose a nanocellulose/polymer composite that exhibits not only excellent thermal resistance, but also superb mechanical properties such as impact resistance can be manufactured.


Earth's inner magnetosphere is a complex, dynamic plasma environment which includes the radiation belts, ion/electron ring current, plasmasphere, and ionosphere at auroral/sub-auroral latitudes. This session invites papers on all facets of inner magnetosphere research, including recent observations from space and ground, simulations, modeling and theory. Reports of particle, wave, and field data from the Van Allen Probes are particularly welcome, in addition to observations from other satellite missions such as THEMIS, POES, Cluster, and Akebono as well as ground-based facilities such as SuperDARN and magnetometers. Papers related to the planned JAXA mission ERG are also especially encouraged. The ERG satellite, with an expected launch in 2015-2016, will explore in particular how relativistic electrons are generated in the inner magnetosphere during disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Both science-related and instrument-related papers on ERG are solicited, including ground-based observations and simulations. Recent advances in the analysis of magnetospheric wave-particle interactions via particle simulations and nonlinear theory are also welcome. of using ground magnetometer Pc1 dispersion relation the


Background The association between obesity and mortality risks following coronary revascularization is not clear. We examined the associations of BMI (kg/m2) with short‐, intermediate‐, and long‐term mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with different coronary anatomy risks and diabetes mellitus status. Methods and Results Data from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) registry were analyzed. Using normal BMI (18.5–24.9) as a reference, multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality within 6 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years were individually calculated for CABG and PCI with 4 prespecified BMI categories: overweight (25.0–29.9), obese class I (30.0–34.9), obese class II (35.0–39.9), and obese class III (≥40.0). The analyses were repeated after stratifying for coronary risks and diabetes mellitus status. The cohorts included 7560 and 30 258 patients for CABG and PCI, respectively. Following PCI, overall mortality was lower in patients with overweight and obese class I compared to those with normal BMI; however, 5‐ and 10‐year mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with obese class III with high‐risk coronary anatomy, which was primarily driven by higher mortality rates in patients without diabetes mellitus (5‐year adjusted hazard ratio, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.11–2.85] and 10‐year adjusted hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.02–2.43]). Following CABG, overweight was associated with lower mortality risks compared with normal BMI. Conclusions Overweight was associated with lower mortality following CABG and PCI. Greater long‐term mortality in patients with obese class III following PCI, especially in those with high‐risk coronary anatomy without diabetes mellitus, warrants further investigation.


Using whole‐cell clamp methods, we characterized the temporal coding in each type of OFF bipolar cell. We found that type 2 and 3a cells are transient, type 1 and 4 cells are sustained, and type 3b cells are intermediate. The light‐evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials in some types were rectified, suggesting that they provide inputs to the non‐linear ganglion cells. Visual signalling from the photoreceptors was mediated exclusively through the kainate receptors in the transient OFF bipolar cells, whereas both kainate and AMPA receptors contributed in the other cells. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that parallel visual encoding starts at the OFF bipolar cells in a type‐specific manner.


On the face of it, nothing could be more reasonable than for a patient to weigh the risks attendant to a medical treatment against any benefits it might be expected to produce. Everyone supports the idea of informed consent, so appropriate to the autonomy of the individual. No one should have done to him anything he does not approve. In law, when someone touches another without his consent, it is assault and battery. (1) It is also assault and battery if the consent to touching has been obtained by misrepresentation. (2) The physician is given no special exemption by reason of his professional status. He must obtain consent from the patient before touching him. If the patient is not fully informed about the consequences of this encounter, he has the right to seek redress. The law and common sense dictate that the patient be made aware of the ramifications of his decision to allow treatment. Even when patients have been informed of the possible consequences of medical intervention, they may not adequately understand what is involved. Natural intelligence, level of education, and vocabulary all may limit the patient's comprehension. To meet this problem, physicians try to put informed consent into "plain" English. Medical terminology is replaced by lay expressions in the hope of truly informing the patient. The tendency is to simplify. The requirement for informed consent is not satisfied by merely recounting risks and benefits to a patient, but by doing so in a way that is intelligible to a particular patient in view of his individual capacities. But it is here that problems arise. In some cases medical information may be translated into a format that can be assimilated by the listener. This is probably what happens in most cases. It is almost impossible for a physician trained over a course of many years to convey his level of knowledge of a medical treatment and its untoward effects. While something may be lost in the translation, the expectation is that the patient will pick up enough to have some understanding of what is about to take place, what could go awry, and probable negative side effects. In some instances it is clear that adequate communication is not possible between physician and patient. A baby who requires an operation obviously cannot give informed consent, so we look to the parents to represent the baby's interests. But there are limitations here. Society looks over the parents' shoulders to make sure they make a decision truly in the child's interests. They can authorize a blood transfusion, but they cannot refuse one on religious grounds. If they do, then the courts are consulted. There seens to be almost universal approbation within the medical community for recourse to the courts when a parent refuses treatment for a child based on the parent's religious belief. Court rulings authorizing treatment under such circumstances are accepted as a proper exercise of judicial function. This is an interesting phenomenon, since in other circumstances many in the medical community believe that medical decision should be left to family or next friends and physicians. Here judicial intervention is not welcomed. The courts are not the place, according to the common view, to work out these "private" and intimate decisions. The standard seems to be that the courts should be involved when medical professionals agree with what they will decide, but not when they might reach an outcome we do not like. This attitude may be a spillover from the medical malpractice crisis. Here many physicians blame plaintiffs' lawyers for a problem that may be largely the result of physician negligence or incompetence. The contingency fee that gives the poor man access to the legal system is not regarded by physicians as an enlightened measure but as a cause of exposing their colleagues' ineptitude. Perhaps there is also fear that the contingency fee in law may set a precedent for the medical profession, and that patients may begin to refuse to pay fees when a case is botched. …


Face recognition (FR) is one of the most extensively adopted biometric approach for identity verification. The applications of face recognition can be seen in various sectors such as, army, business, public security etc. However, there systems were not able to detect the faces accurately when covered with scarf and masks, which degrade their overall performance. In this paper, an effective approach is proposed to detect the occluded faces with different head pose angles. To do so, the images are selected from the available dataset or can be taken in real time through camera. These selected input images are then analyzed carefully to detect the various face points such as eye, nose, mouth etc. Once the faces are detected from the input images they are converted to gray scale and HSV color images, so that their statistical features like mean, standard deviation, variance, skewness and kurtosis can be evaluated. These statistical features obtained from gray scale and HSV colored images are then concatenated together to form a single feature matrix. The feature matrix is then given to the CNN model for training and testing purpose. The performance of the proposed CNN model is simulated in the MATLAB environment in terms of various performance factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall and Fscore. The simulation outcomes obtained proved that the proposed CNN model is effective and accurate in identifying the masked faces. Index Terms Face recognition system, Artificial intelligence, machine learning, Conventional neural network, etc.


Recently deceased environmental philosopher Val Plumwood, who addressed the issue of our relationship to nature repeatedly, has noted that a "subjectively centered framework capable of sustaining action and purpose must [...] view the world "from the inside," structured to sustain the concept of a continuing, narrative self; we remake the world in that way as our own, investing it with meaning, reconceiving it as sane, survivable, amenable to hope and resolution." Humans transform the neutrality of space into a meaningful, understandable and inhabitable place, or, to use a phrase of Paul Ricoeur: through interpretation they turn their mere environment into a 'World'. Humans invest meaning in their relationship with their environment, so as to create a meaningful, morally ordered world in which humans can live alongside other creatures of the earth. Sometimes, however, nature itself seems to breach this order of the human-centered worldview and presents itself in its 'wildness' – questioning the order that we normally take for granted, and somehow putting the anthropocentrism of everyday life in perspective. According to Plumwood, "the lack of fit between this subjectcentered version and reality comes into play in extreme moments" (p. 131). Although, on an every-day practical level, the wildness of nature can be annoying or even dangerous to humans, on a more fundamental level many humans feel deeply fascinated by the strangeness of nature as well, precisely because of the fact that nature as it shows itself in 'extreme moments' offers a fascinating contrast with the human-centered moral order in the world.. Even though an ever-growing number of people live in the city and will probably not have direct encounters with wild nature any strict literal sense of the word (pristine, untouched nature), the concept of wildness remains one of the prominent terms in contemporary moral discourse. Many postmodern city dwellers seem to suffer from a lack of those strange and unruly aspects of life that do not have a place in modernity; some of them see 'wild nature' as a place outside their cultural sphere where they suspect to encounter a transcendent 'surplus of meaning' that is lacking in everyday urban lives. This 'pining for the wild' has led many to acquire a highly romanticized image of what wild nature is like. Their idea of wilderness derives not so much from actual personal encounters with wild nature, as from mediated nature experiences such as television documentaries on National Geographic Channel, and adventure movies such as Out of Africa and Indiana Jones. As soon as people are confronted with actual wildness, their romanticized and moralized 'Walt Disney' vision of nature is often being put into question and a more disturbing image of the wild comes to the fore. When wild nature conveys itself to us as strange, indifferent and unruly, it somehow seems to question the human-centered moral order that we normally take for granted.


AbstractSections of uniform and non-uniform transmisson lines may be used as sensors for radiofrequency measurements of nonelectrical quantities. The basic characteristics and design fundamentals of these sensors are disscused, and practical level, amount continuity and geometrical parameter sensors are described.


Phlebitis induced by intravenous infusion is the most commonly-seen complications occurred in infusion treatment.The article will review the causes of the occurrence of phlebitis,and its corresponding ctreatment and nursing measures so as to improve the intravenous infusion qualities and nursing work efficiency.


Abstract Consumers are familiar with evaluating the acceptability of fresh and cooked ground beef in grocery stores and restaurants. Consumer acceptability of either fresh or frozen ground beef or ground beef blended with ground turkey has, however, received little attention. The acceptability of the blended beef turkey product is assumed to be relatively high given its origin from the traditional ground meats. Several different combinations of ground beef and ground turkey were evaluated for sensory color/texture differences in frozen and grilled forms by a 115-member consumer taste panel. Their evaluations of both frozen and grilled samples were influenced by previous experience with the combined product in the home and willingness to purchase the new product prior to evaluation of actual samples.


Abstract In this paper the characteristic variations of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and total precipitation during the Korean summer monsoon (June–August) season have been extensively analyzed for different climate regimes. The data used in this study consist of the monthly CG lightning flash count as detected by the lightning detection network installed at the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the monthly precipitation data from 23 meteorological observatories spread over the Korean peninsula for a period of 10 yr from 1988 to 1997. Temporal and spatial scales of 1 month and 102 km2, respectively, were considered to determine the seasonal values of rain yield or rain volume per CG flash (defined as the ratio of total precipitation to CG flash count over a common area). Seasonal values of rain yield have been compared with that of monthly values separately. The results of variation of the rain yield during the different months constituting the monsoon season are also presented. Results sho...


Appropriate application of spatially variant system models can correct for degraded resolution response and mispositioning errors. This work explores the detector blurring component of the system model for a whole body PET system and extends this factor into a more general system response function to account for other system non-idealities such as the influence of FORE rebinning. We model the system response function as a 3 dimensional function that blurs in the radial and axial dimension and is spatially variant in radial location. This function is derived from Monte Carlo simulations and incorporates inter-crystal scatter, crystal penetration, and the blurring due to FORE rebinning. The improved system model is applied in a modified OSEM algorithm to reconstruct FORE rebinned, fully 3D PET data into images with improved resolution and quantitative accuracy.


Route planning and navigation are common tasks that often require additional information on points of interest. Augmented Reality (AR) enables mobile users to utilize text labels, in order to provide a composite view associated with additional information in a real-world environment. Nonetheless, displaying all labels for points of interest on a mobile device will lead to unwanted overlaps between information, and thus a context-responsive strategy to properly arrange labels is expected. The technique should remove overlaps, show the right level-of-detail, and maintain label coherence. This is necessary as the viewing angle in an AR system may change rapidly due to users' behaviors. Coherence plays an essential role in retaining user experience and knowledge, as well as avoiding motion sickness. In this paper, we develop an approach that systematically manages label visibility and levels-of-detail, as well as eliminates unexpected incoherent movement. We introduce three label management strategies, including (1) occlusion management, (2) level-of-detail management, and (3) coherence management by balancing the usage of the mobile phone screen. A greedy approach is developed for fast occlusion handling in AR. A level-of-detail scheme is adopted to arrange various types of labels. A 3D scene manipulation is then built to simultaneously suppress the incoherent behaviors induced by viewing angle changes. Finally, we present the feasibility and applicability of our approach through one synthetic and two real-world scenarios, followed by a qualitative user study.


This paper intends to reveal the ideaological base of the Confucian theory of morlity and cultivation,the way of Self-Cultivation and orientation through the stuay of the Confcian theory.It probes into the effect of the Confucianist morality and Cultivation on the improvement of persenality in the modern age.


Popular media is a social phenomenon, especially for young audiences. This qualitative study examined how eleven Latino/a high school students and a Latino teacher understood the impact of media messages in an animated children's film. Findings suggest participants identified negative cultural messages embedded throughout the film regarding Latino/a as well as lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer/intersex/ally (LGBTQIA) populations. Authors discuss implications and recommendations for educators and school leaders to consider when presenting media. These suggestions include integrating media literacy to engage students in understanding the construction of popular media and to critically reflect on the impact of such messages.


The approximate solution of rate equation with Langevin noise sources is described by state-space method. The variance and the autocorrelation function of the photon number noise for the turn-on transients are drawn out. It is shown that a significant part of the nonstationary photon number fluctuation can be described as timing jitter of relaxation oscillations.


THE phenomenal growth of the beet-sugar industry in the United States and the importance given to it in late congressional considerations, together with the recent action of France in so modifying her laws as to remove 6o per' cent. of the customs and internal-revenue tax on sugar, and the relation which this is likely to have upon the readjustment of the world's sugar supply, make a consideration of the desirability of the United States producing her own sugar especially pertinent at this time. This action of France, and. the more recent utterance of the Berlin Conference, classifying Russian sugar as "bounty-fed," and fully sustaining Secretary of the Treasury Shaw in his recent contention with the Russian government over the same point, has probably sounded the death-knell of bounty-fed sugar, for we may reasonably expect that an action similar to that of France will be taken by the other states of continental Europe. Should this course be followed in Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary, it is inevitable that there will be an entire readjustment of the world's sugar conditions. The very natural question is, then: What may be the effect on this promising new industry of the United States? Our people have become so accustomed to the term "cane sugars" that they do not realize that within the last few years the source of the world's supply has been largely shifted from cane to the beet plant. In i853 the world's sugar supply was I,48i,ooo long tons, of which 304,000 tons is accredited to the beet, or about


A traditional teaching in orthopaedic surgery has been that, in cases of fusion for L4-5 dlscopathy or instability, one must include the lumbosacral joint. There is nothing in the literature to support this time-honored dictum. The senior author, among others, has rejected this concept; and, the authors are, therefore, in a position to present a 32-year experience with segmental or "floating" fusion. Two hundred six floating fusions were performed, of which 184 were available for follow-up. Of these, 83.7% achieved "Excellent" or "Good" results; 15.2% were rated "Fair"; and 2% were rated "Poor." Only five patients (2.7%) had subsequent disc herniation at the lumbosacral level necessitating discectomy and extension of fusion to incorporate the sacrum.


The presently broadly used code of nodal Green's function method for multidimensional neutron diffusion calculations is based on the third kind boundary condition. the form of this kind Green's function is relatively complex, and it must be converted so that the discontinuity factors can be used and the core power can be reconstructed. An advanced nodal Green's function method for three dimensional geometry which is based on the Neumenn (second kind) boundary condition was developed. Advantages of the method are: a) the Green's fuction is simplfed; b) it is easy to use discontinuity factors in the continuity condition of interface partial flux, and the fine flux distribution in the assembly is obtained by pin power reconstruction. the code NNGFM which is based on present method shows higher speed and accuracy through actual computation. It becomes the kernel code in the light water reactor (LWR) physics design and nuclear fuel management calculations.


Impatiens bullatisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species supported by morphological and phylogenetic evidence from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou province in China, is described here. It is morphologically similar to I. davidii but can be distinguished by its dorsally ridged lateral sepals with sunk reticulate veins and bullate projections on abaxial surface, 2–2.5 cm deep saccate lower sepal with ca. 0.8 cm long narrowly triangular tip at the mouth, and broadly ovate dorsal petal. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of nuclear ITS and plastid atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer DNA sequences furtherly confirmed its novelty.


A water diffuser is a critical auxiliary equipment for an ice storage system during the external ice melting process. This paper proposes a linear multi-pore water diffuser for an ice storage system with 500 t of refrigeration capacity to enhance the performance of external ice melting. By establishing a three-dimensional two-phase volume of fluid (VOF) model, different structural designs of water diffusers for the ice storage device are numerically examined regarding the degree of turbulence, flow velocity, and pressure drop. The results show that the optimal water diffuser with five rows of trunk pipe and six perforated pores arranged in per row of branch pipe with a 4mm diameter of perforated pores exhibiting a relatively lower degree of turbulence with a lower pressure drop compared with the other designs in this study. Meanwhile, the influence of the flow velocity on the ice melting process is also investigated by a numerical model of ice melting. It is found that the fed flow velocity from the main pipe inlet exhibits a great impact on the external ice melting process. Compared with the external ice melting process without the water diffuser, the external ice melting process with optimal water diffuser design under flow velocity of 1.0 m s−1 could shorten the overall ice-melting time by 16 h. Additionally, through adjusting the water flow velocity, different output cooling can be realized to provide a fast response speed to the cooling variations in demand of the terminal users with a reduced cost.


4,5-cm extraparenchymal space occupying lesion, located at the level of the anterior clinoid process, with marked surrounding edema and homogeneous gadolinium enhacement. The mass compressed the left frontal lobe and displaced the basal ganglia. These findings suggested a meningioma originating from the anterior clinoid process as the most likely differential diagnosis. Conservative management with neuroimaging monitoring control was chosen due to the patient characteristics.


The ecological setting and distribution of Gaiadendron pz~ltctalunt (Ruiz & Pavor~) G. Don in Costa Rica are described. The species occurs in a variety of epiphytic and terrestrial habitats, the latter probably being a result of man's interference in the structure of the forest. The plant is a stoloniferous parasite. The gross lnorphology of haustoria is described; self-parasitism is common. Two ferns and an ericaceous shrub were positively identilied as hosts. An account is given of germination and the early develop~nent of seedlings.


The "Proposal for the transition to democracy" full text, prepared by the Unitary Central of Workers in April 1989, is presented. It systematizes the programmatic definitions of the most representative organization of chilean trade unionism before the imminent return to democracy, after the * Este trabajo recibió el apoyo del proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciación N° 11180051. ** Becario CONICYT en el Programa de Doctorado en Historia de la Universidad de Santiago desde 2017. Miembro del Centro de Investigación Político Social del Trabajo. Correo electrónico: email@example.com *** Profesor titular Escuela de Historia Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, investigador responsable proyecto Fondecyt N° 11180051. CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA 52 / 2020 Documentos 276 plebiscite of 1988. The document shows the demands that will be the road map of the union movement during the next two decades, as well as the early acceptation of several principles of the new economic model, and an emphatic disposition to dialogue for the construction of national tripartite agreements with the State and the businessmen.


If we imagine a dynamic environment whose behavior may change in time we can figure out the difficulties that agents located there will have trying to solve problems related to this environment. Changes in an environment e.g. a market, can be quite drastic: from changing the dependencies of some products to add new actions to build new products. The agents should try to cooperate or compete against others, when appropriated, to reach their goals faster than in an individual fashion, showing an always desirable emergent behavior. In this paper a reinforcement learning method proposal, guided by social interaction between agents, is presented. The proposal aims to show that adaptation is performed independently by the society where which these AI-controlled players belong, without explicitly reporting that changes have occurred by a central authority, or even by trying to recognize those changes.


Physical Activity is an important contributor to health, both physical and cognitive. The relationship between physical activity and educational outcomes has been explored in various venues. Little research, however, has interrogated this subject longitudinally, especially for a national sample of Latinx students. To make up that gap, this paper employs data from the High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS), hierarchical regression modeling, and intersectionality theory to study and evaluate the relative impact of Extracurricular Activities, School Attitudes, and impact of demographics on Personal Health and Physical Education Grade Point Average (GPA); the participants were 1,829 Latinx high school students. The High School Longitudinal Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal study of ninth graders followed through their secondary and postsecondary years. Further, we examined the results separately for male and female Latinx students, to achieve a better understanding of physical activity and academic achievement from the female perspective. Our findings reinforce the importance of participating in sports and extracurricular activities in fostering positive educational outcomes for Latinx students, male, and female, nationally. Finally, recommendations are offered to parents, community leaders, teachers, school administrators, and policymakers regarding implementation strategies to optimize the benefits of Physical Activity to Latinx students.


Objective. To estimate a possibility of use of zinc and its fractions as the indicator reflecting a condition of antioxidant system at sick HOBL and persons from risk groups. Materials and methods. Patients with COPD, smokers and non-smoking healthy people have participated in a research. Everything participated in a research has carried out spirometry with definition of an indicator of FEV1 and the subsequent calculation of FEV1 % of due. Taking into account importance of the occupied role when forming COPD of an oxidative stress have been determined the level of activity of the main enzyme of antitoskidantny protection — superoxide dismutases; level of zinc and its fractions as main component of enzyme and also albumine as main tranporter of metabolic active zinc. The indicator "a share of the related fraction of zinc" for definition of changes in fractions of zinc is entered. Results of the study. It is defined that at the smoking patients with the minimum malfunction of external breath of change of indicators are similar to that at patients with COPD. Statistically significant differences in the level of the studied indicators at non-smoking patients are also revealed. With use of the correlation analysis of Spirmen reliable high correlation communications between FEV1 % from due and activity level superoxide dismutases and also between activity level superoxide dismutases and the general level of zinc and also zinc connected are defined that confirms a hypothesis of a possibility of use of level of zinc and its fractions as the indicator reflecting a condition of antioxidant system at the smoking persons at screening researches.


An efficient iterative algorithm is presented for the design of quadrature mirror filters by minimizing the p-th power of the error function, where p may varied in different frequency bands. Our algorithm incorporates the iterative reweighted least squares technique. The filter bank design is approximated as a weighted least-squares quadratic programming problem. Good designs are obtained typically in a few iterations. The algorithm designs quadrature mirror filters which satisfy the mixed L/sub p/ error criteria in the overall filter bank frequency responses and the filters stop-band responses.


The migration to a service based economy has led many firms to emphasize the service component of their product offerings. This shift has led to the emergence of a business model based on value creation through product utilization, where products are sold as a service, (often referred to as "Servicization" or product-service systems) The Servicization business model can be applied to both tangible and intangible, information intensive, products and is based on aligning customer and supplier incentives.A shift to a service based model leads to a variety of managerial questions that concern performance metrics, customer supplier relationships and contracting and resource optimization. The paper will review how current research on Servicization relates to these questions. We will also consider the implications of the Servicization paradigm for areas in information management such as cloud computing and decision support systems.


This article indroduces the concepts and characteristics of Virtual Enterprise, the software architecture and key technologies that enables Industrial Virtual Enterprises,the abstract model of the Virtual Enterprise and VE global scheme,system protocols that are used to run the virtual enterprise.


Solitary nodule of thyroid can exhibit various pathology like adenoma cyst thyroiditis lymphoma and thyroid carcinoma. Objective: The aim and objective of this study to find out incidence and prevalence of solitary nodule of thyroid in semi urban regions. Clinical data , various presentation of swelling , clinical symptoms and signs to study the correlative findings of pre FNAC and post operative histopathology examination and study the intra operative and post operative complications. Study design: Descriptive analytical study of 100 adult patients present with solitary nodules of thyroid to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules, clinical data, FNAC, and histopathology examination and study the laboratory values were entered and anlaysed most cases hemithyroidectomy done; and confirmed by HPE.