Waste generation is inevitable in every human society, although methods of disposal may differ from region to region especially developing and developed nations, yet waste disposal is generally necessary. This study therefore investigated waste disposal practices amongst residents of Oluyole local government area of Ibadan, Oyo State. It was observed that (44.4% ) and (32.4%) of the residents dumped their household refuse with government and private waste collectors respectively, but majority utilized improper waste disposal methods such as dumping in rivers (10.3%), roadsides(14.8%), open dumpsites (20.4%), gutter (9.3%), and open-air burning(33.3%). Larger proportion (97.5%) of the respondents strongly agreed that indiscriminate waste dumping has inimical environmental implications such as flooding, disruption of aesthetic beauty, disease, river pollution amongst others. In order to bring the situation under control, the respondents prefer the full involvement of the government waste collection agency instead of private waste collectors. It is therefore recommended that government waste collector should be empowered to penetrate more traditional core areas for more effective waste collection.


Procedure for determining the spatial coordinates of an article in which the article is illuminated with a projection device from at least two directions with patterns of light and light patterns projected in the article are recorded at points with a first recording device bidimensional resolution, determining phase values for the respective recorded points of the surface of the article and in use these to calculate geometrical parameters and spatial coordinates of points, characterized in that the light patterns projected on the article from the at least two directions or parts thereof are recorded at points further by at least one second recording device, remaining the at least one second arrangement of fixed record regarding the item to be measured and because from the point patterns light projected registered with the second recording device are determined at least four phase measured values, from which the geometrical parameters of the projection device for the at least two projection directions are calculated.


Based on the theory of polarization conversion, this paper designs and implements two electromagnetic units with a 180-degree reflection phase difference in the range of 10-40 GHz. By coding and optimizing the spatial arrangement of the two basic units to obtain a metasurface, which makes the incident electromagnetic waves reflect diffusely, the energy in a single beam direction is reduced to realize the reduction of the radar cross section (RCS). The full wave simulated and experimental results of the reduction of the RCS of the metasurface have been presented. The RCS of the proposed metasurface can be reduced by more than 10 dB in the two broadband bands of 12.5-17.4 GHz and 20.5-36.2 GHz, and the maximum reduction can reach 26 dB, compared with a metallic surface of the same size. In addition, the optimized metasurface can also maintain a good reduction effect under oblique incident wave directions of 30, 45, 60, and 70 degrees. A very good agreement between simulation and measurement results is observed.


We report high spatial resolution 11.2 μm and 18.1 μm imaging of the eruptive variable V838 Monocerotis, obtained with Gemini Observatory's Michelle in 2007 March. The 2007 flux density of the unresolved stellar core is roughly 2 times brighter than that observed in 2004. We interpret these data as evidence that V838 Mon has experienced a new circumstellar dust creation event. We also report a gap of spatially extended thermal emission over radial distances of 1860–93000 AU from the central source, which suggests that no prior significant circumstellar dust production events have occurred within the past ∼900–1500 years.


9588 Background: Memory dysfunction is a debilitating adverse effect of cancer and its treatments. We examined the relationships between self-reported memory problems (SRMP) and sleep disorders in adult-onset cancer survivors. Methods: We used data from 151 adults, 41-64 years old, cancer survivors who completed the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Population-weighted binary logistic regression analyses examined SRMP as outcome and included age, sex, education, race-ethnicity, income, and overall health as covariates. Sleep duration was categorized as very short ( =9hrs). Initial insomnia was assessed as difficulty falling asleep. Middle insomnia was assessed as difficulty maintaining sleep. Late insomnia was assessed as waking too early. These insomnia subgroup were categorized as none, mild ( =15 days/month). A combined insomnia variable categorized individuals as insomnia if they had severe insomnia...


Based on sand deformation and fluid seepage theory, sand production was simplified into two processes as rock failure and sand disgregation caused by stress concentration and sand transportation caused by fluid flow.Using porosity as coupling parameter,this paper established a hydro-geomechanical sand production prediction model based on the fluid flow and rock deformation framework.The model was solved numerically.Prediction results indicated that the stress around the borehole redistributed as rock failure and sand production,and the formation porosity and permeability gradually increased.Sand production increased to the highest value in a short time and then dropped to a low background value.The calculated results fit well with the field and laboratory observations,indicating the reliability of the model.


The landscapes of Flanders (Belgium) are very diverse, small scales and extremely fragmented. They are the result of the continuous and rapid changes, but, are still containing different heritage and landscape values. The paper illustrates how cultural landscape values in Flanders (Belgium) were valorised in the Landscape Atlas of Flanders in the 1990's (Hofkens &Roossens 2001). The Atlas was introduced in 2000 as a response to the European Landscape Convention. Looking back to the last 10 years, the paper will discuss how the Atlas induced new academic and non-academic landscape research in Flanders and how it became a basis for a new integrated landscape policy, fitting in the framework of the ELC.


In the conditions of the rapid development of technics and technology in recent years, the cooperation of the scientific-technical language with the standard Albanian language is continuing with a higher intensity than before. We notice a vigor of enrichment in the vocabulary of technical terminology, due to the creation and formation of new fields and subfields of technics, technology, also computing, mechatronics, telemetry, a multitude of concepts many of which, on one hand, are marked with names of the languages they come from, mainly from English, but on the other hand, they meet their needs with the lexical mother tongue composition (by common words being raised to terms) and with the activation of other layers, such as word-combination (word-group) terms. In this paper, in a more pronounced way, we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from common words in technical terminologies. The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general.


Most organization's aim is to realize and uphold great performance. In order to achieve superior performance, organizations have enhanced strategy implementation process and concentrated efforts on strategy implementation imperatives. County governments in Kenya have fallen below expected performance due to challenges like high personnel emoluments, under-performance in own source revenue collection, low absorption of development allocation, high levels of pending bills, and weak budgetary controls. Organisational structure is a strategy implementation imperative that is key in resolving these challenges, thus the study sought to establish the effects of organisational structure in tackling the county performance. Descriptive and explanatory research design were adopted. Structured electronic questionnaire was sent to 252 respondents in the five counties in central region of Kenya. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis and overall model tested at 95 % confidence level. The results show that the beta coefficient associated with organizational structure was 0.267 and a p value <0.001 meaning that a unit increase in organizational structure with all other factors held constant resulted to an increase in County performance indicating a positive significant effect of organizational structure on organizational performance. This study contributes to knowledge by providing a conceptual framework for the relationship between organisational structure and county government performance, it makes contribution to policy by showing areas to emphasize on for improved performance of the county governments. Success in a particular organization is informed by how well the organization is planned in relation to its business strategy. There is therefore need for county governments to ensure they have well defined organizational structure that is aligned to the county government's mission and vision for improved performance.


Learning methods used by the narasumber training early childhood educators which is affecting the continuity of training participants in the learning process and learning methods are the ways of doing things or presenting, explaining, giving examples, and providing the training to participants of that training to achieve the identified objectives/ goals. Learning methods used by the narasumber training early childhood educators are communicative method, discussion method, demonstration method, and method of work trips. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research, the subject of the research is the training participants early childhood educators in SKB Lima Puluh Kota. The result of this research shows that the narasumber has implemented communicative method, discussion method, demonstration method, work trips method of learning according to most of the training participants.


Rocks overlying the HM detachment include (1) Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, detached along an Ordovician bedding-plane and displaced up to 50 or more km across rocks as young as Eocene, and (2) Eocene volcanic rocks that overlie both the detachment and the allochthonous Paleozoic rocks. Models of HM faulting interpret the volcanic rocks as: (1) mostly younger than HM faulting, having been deposited catastrophically immediately after catastrophic emplacement of numerous HMD slide-blocks ( tectonic denudation'' model); (2) mostly involved in HM faulting, having been translated and downfaulted at noncatastrophic rates during extension of a continuous HMD allochthon ( continuous-allochthon'' model); or (3) deposited catastrophically as debris avalanche(s) either coeval with or immediately following HM faulting. Calcite-fiber lineations, which are present at many localities on normal and normal-oblique faults within allochthonous Paleozoic rocks and locally within Tertiary rocks, may be a speedometer for the HM allochthon. The lineated faults truncate downward at the detachment, having accommodated extension of the upper plate as it was emplaced. The calcite fibers are commonly parallel to slickenside striae on the upper-plate faults. If the calcite fibers and slickenside striae formed during HM faulting, as seems likely, then extension of the allochthon occurred at a rate compatiblemore » with pressure-solution and redeposition of calcite.« less


INTRODUCTION The image acquisition of cardiovascular MRI can be accelerated due to the fact that the heart takes approximately 10% of the field of view (FOV) from one timeframe to the next. In reduced FOV techniques, Noquist [1] and its application in parallel imaging [2] separate the dynamic region from its static surrounding across the FOV and reconstruct the images by one-dimensional inverse Fourier transform (IFT). To further reduce the data acquisition time, the dynamic region can be reduced to an arbitrary shape that encloses the heart compactly. The whole image sequence of a slice is reconstructed together by two-dimensional (2D) IFT. Our earlier simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method requires 44% of k-t space lines, 18% less compared to Noquist, to reconstruct the resized image sequence with no visual difference.


A series of Perl modules and SLtools.were programmed for automatically SAGEmap analysis and DNA chromosome location detection. It makes possible for the high throughput analysis of the above functions. These modules can be used in both Windows system and Unux system without any modification. When using them, very simple Perl script is needed to program and the argument is the accession numbers or DNA sequences as a scalar, the related results will return.These modules are available at http://bioinfor.cicams.ac.cn/sageloc.tar.gz.


This study analyzes the lessons and implications of Iraq War by the framework which divides the concept of "the war of the future" meaning the mode of war conditioned by surrounding future political situations, and the concept of "the future warfare" implying the simple aspect of warfare, aspects of fighting itself which reflects on the innovation of measure of warfare. Moreover the paper anticipates "the future warfare and future war" by using the same framework and related international relations theories. The failure of U.S. intervention in Iraq War originated in preparing for war based on the wrong future war image. The U.S. RMA, "Revolution of Military Affairs", which is a defense reform project after the demise of Cold War, successfully anticipated the future warfare, but it failed to prepare the country for the war of the future. Under the unipolarity formed during the post Cold War era, U.S. should be prepared for both the asymmetric warfare and guerrilla warfare because there has been a huge gap of national power between U.S. and other states, which lead into that the mode of war became a typical asymmetric warfare and guerrilla warfare. The war of the future after the Iraq War should be anticipated based on the fact that the relative decline of U.S. power and rise of China was happened as the result of Iraq War, so the bipolarity has been come again. Under this bipolar circumstances, first virtual military conflict, which means there will be no real war with the existence of mutual nuclear deterrence and competition of military buildups between U.S. and China, will be central issue, and the limited war between two super powers and regional small powers will be possible in terms of future war scenarios. Especially the competition between U.S. and China will be shaped by the result of the second stage of RMA, the result of diffusion of RMA which was first started by U.S.


iii Re-processing of the URSEIS explosive source reflection data from the Southern urals contributes new constraints on the structure, orientation, and nature of the Main uralian Fault. Discrete segments related to the Main uralian Fault were imaged along a 10 kilometer wide mélange zone that outcropped from 53.430169N, 58.418365E to 53.387767N, 58.464478E in the seismic section and deepened to the east. Over 50 discontinuous reflection segments interspersed throughout the fault zone were identified in individual un-stacked shot gathers. Analysis of the discontinuous reflection segments suggested that the Main uralian Fault extends to a depth of 30 kilometers, becoming slightly listric with depth. Reflection segments demarking the Main Uralian Fault zone are attributed to exhumed peridotite lenses within the Main uralian Fault mélange zone. It has been hypothesized that the peridotite lenses were entrained within the crustal material at a depth of 50-60 kilometers as a result of subduction along the eastern margin of the East European Craton. Those lenses were emplaced when density-driven thrust sheets upwelled due to buoyancy forces. The same density contrasts that caused the thrust


This study was conducted to provide child welfare researchers and social work educators with a better understanding of social work student attitudes towards foster youth empowerment, a practice whereby the adolescent and workers in the foster care system share power with one another. In order to identify correlates of support for foster youth empowerment, American students across all levels of the undergraduate and graduate programmes within one school of social work were surveyed. Results indicated that support for foster youth empowerment was stronger among students who received specialised training in child abuse and neglect. In conclusion, support for foster youth empowerment may be more strongly cultivated by population-specific material as opposed to the general social work curriculum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

'American students across all levels of the undergraduate and graduate programmes within one school of social work were surveyed'

Key Practitioner Messages
A multiple regression model was constructed with the goal of identifying the variables that relate to social work student support for foster youth empowerment.
In the multiple regression model, two variables, political party and training/education in child abuse and neglect, were significantly related to the dependent variable.
Based on this study, the general social work curriculum does not appear to have as much impact on attitudes towards foster youth empowerment as population-specific material.

'Two variables were significantly related to the dependent variable'


This paper discusses the experimental requirements for maximizing the infrared reflection–absorption bands from a thin layer on a metal surface. Calculated curves are shown for 19 different metals for two spectral regions (2100 and 500 cm−1). From these curves, one can determine the performance of a particular experimental system (e.g., using only one reflection or using two reflections) relative to the theoretical best performance of the optimum system. In many cases, one reflection may yield a band intensity acceptably close to the maximum theoretical intensity.


Computer simulations are a promising alternative to traditional surgery training methods especially in minimally-invasive procedures such as laparoscopic surgery. In minimally-invasive surgery (MIS), eye-hand coordination is important because the surgical site is viewed on a monitor with limited depth cues and a restricted field of view. Thus, the emphasis has been on training tools that effectively prepare novices for the eye-hand coordination difficulties in MIS. How people interact with the system is of interest to those developing surgical training tools. This thesis compares the eye movements of novice and experienced subjects who performed a task in a virtual laparoscopic training environment. The eye movements in skilled performance were found to be different from those with less experience. In addition, the eye movements of novices after training became more similar to the experienced subjects. iii To mom and dad iv Acknowledgments Thanks to my senior supervisor, Dr. Stella Atkins, for her support and encouragement. This topic would not be possible without her enthusiasm of inter-disciplinary research. Thanks to my supervisor Dr. Ted Kirkpatrick for his insight and patience. He was also an important training subject while I learned how to calibrate and adjust the eye tracker on him. Also thanks to my other supervisor Dr. Alan Lomax for his surgery expertise which was invaluable and for arranging the hospital visit. use of the Immersion Laparoscopic Impulse Engine and the lab for my experiments. Thanks to Dr. Christine MacKenzie for her valuable input on the thesis and for her time as examiner. Thanks to Dr. John Dill for chairing my defence and for his comments on the thesis. Also thanks to Graham Wilson for supplying the code that my application was based on. Thanks to all the friends and colleagues here at SFU. It made life at this school a great place to live and study. Thanks to the volunteers who got through my experiments. They unselfishly gave up their time so I could proceed with my studies.


Two proportionate affine projection sign algorithms (APSAs) are proposed for system identification applications, such as network echo cancellation (NEC), where the impulse response is often real-valued with sparse coeficients and long filter length. The proposed proportionate-type algorithms can achieve fast convergence and low steady-state misalignment by adopting a proportionate regularization matrix to the APSA. Benefiting from the characteristic of l1-norm algorithms, affine projection, and proportionate matrix, the new algorithms are robust to impulsive interferences and colored input, and achieve much faster convergence rate in sparse impulse responses than the original APSA, the normalized sign algorithm (NSA), and the proportionate least mean square (PNLMS) algorithm. The computational complexity of the new algorithms is lower than the affine projection algorithm (APA) family due to elimination of matrix inversion.


Optical inter-satellite links (ISLs) have recently become operational reality. We outline potential commercial applications, focusing on broadband mobile communication networks with global coverage, and discuss some design issues and trade-offs for optical ISLs.


The article discusses pressure variation in the interwall camera of the milking machine during the milking process. Some patterns are offered for determination of duration of the change of pressure in the interwall camera of a milking cup. A conclusion is drawn for the necessary duration of the change of pressure in the interwall camera of a milking cup. The principle of operation of the modern milking machine is based on periodic interaction of mamillar rubber and vacuum on the animal udder. The duration of the change of pressure in the interwall camera is the main characteristic, which provides an indication of the impact of the milking machine on the animal udder. The modern developments of animal physiology have provided the necessary knowledge on the basis of which the main features of milk processing and the biological requirements for milking are revealed and formulated. Taking into account these features, it is possible to claim that the transition phase from a sucking step to a compression step in the interwall camera of a milking cup will be more smooth and long-lasting. Thus, it is necessary to improve constructions of milking machines for creation of an opportunity to regulate the duration of transitive phases in the interwall camera of a milking cup. It will help avoid the negative impact of the milking machine on the organism of animals in the course of milking that will increase productivity of cows and quality of the received milk.


Abstract It is well known that diamond wears out rapidly (within several metres of cutting length) when machining low carbon ferrous alloys and pure iron. The past few years have seen a growing interest in the field of elliptical vibration-assisted machining (EVAM) due to it being successful in the micromachining of difficult-to-cut materials including steel. During EVAM, a cutting tool is prescribed an oscillatory motion perpendicular to the direction of cutting, thereby causing the tool to be relieved intermittently from chemical and physical contact with the workpiece. This phenomenon serves as a guideline to develop the simulation test bed for studying EVAM in this work to compare it with conventional cutting. The pilot implementation of the EVAM came as a quasi-3-dimensional (Q3D) elliptical cutting model of body-centred cubic (BCC) iron with a diamond cutting tool using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The developed MD model supplemented by the advanced visualization techniques was used to probe the material removal behaviour, the development of the peak stress in the workpiece and the way the cutting force evolves during the cutting process. One of the key observations was that the cutting chips of BCC iron during conventional cutting underwent crystal twinning and became polycrystalline, while EVAM resulted in cutting chips becoming highly disordered, leading to better viscous flow compared to conventional cutting.


LEST the title of this article prove misleading, let it be stated at the outset that the foreign body involved in this report is one of the commonest types found in the food passages, namely, a 25 cent piece. The extraordinary features are the manner and the site of its incarceration. REPORT OF CASE J. E., aged 7, accidentally swallowed a quarter. The next morning roentgenograms were made and showed the coin, somewhere in the chest, standing vertically with its long axis in the anteroposterior plane. The anterior view showed the linear shadow of the coin edgewise at about the level of the third thoracic vertebra, slightly to the left of the trachea and apparently pressing the latter structure a little to the right. The trachea is often pushed slightly to the right by the aorta also. The lateral view showed the full circular aspect of the quarter, its posterior


This paper describes a research strategy to relate the measurable biomechanical properties of a biological tissue to the molecular properties of the component molecules. The unique mono‐molecular composition of tendon makes this possible and holds promise of generating rules or methods that can be extrapolated to explain behavior of more heterogeneous tissues. Tendon in mature animals consists of 95 to 99% collagen relative to the dry mass of the organ. The biomechanical properties depend directly on the interaction of the protein collagen molecule with water at high concentration 55 molal and a wide range of cosolutes at low concentrations ( 1 to 100 mmolal range) that modulate the water interactions.


This report is a short version in English of two reports in Swedish: KFB report 1994:6 'Environmental effects of change of transport mode for goods transportation' and 'Combining of transport models' which was performed as a commission for the Swedish environmental protection agency. The aim of both studies is to investigate the environmental effects of political measures to transfer goods from one transport mode to another. To be able to calculate the environmental effects a method to follow the transport chains has been developed. By defining the transport chains with a main transport mode it has been possible to relate the emissions to the different modes. The main results are that the transferable volumes are limited and even if a maximum volume is transferred, the positive environmental effects are small compared to the effects of measures to reduce the emissions from the vehicles.


In this paper, we present the first example of a ruthenium(III) complex, [RuIII(edta)] (edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetate), that catalyzes the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen carbonate to formate selectively. The formation of an [RuIII(edta)(HCO3)]2– species through the reaction of the [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]– catalyst and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) was studied kinetically by using the stopped-flow technique. The value of the second-order rate constant for the formation of the [RuIII(edta)(HCO3)]2– complex was 82 ± 7 M–1 s–1 at 25 °C and pH = 6.4. Electrochemical reduction of hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) was achieved by carrying out constant-potential bulk electrolysis at –0.4 V (vs. SCE) with a mercury-pool cathode at pH = 6.4. The formation of formate as the only reduction product was evidenced by a 13C NMR analysis of the reaction mixture obtained after electrolysis.


University of Cordoba. The United Nations Office to Support the International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015.University of Alcala de Henares.


The photochemistry of poly(methyl methacrylate) films dopes with 1,1,3,3-tetraphenylacetone was studied using 266-nm laser excitation at energy doses below and above the ablation threshold. The ressults suggest that transient phenomena appear to remain surprisingly simple in spite of the dramatic change induced by the laser pulse. It is also clear that short-lived reaction intermediates play a key role in controlling the absorption properties of the film during the laser pulse.


Complete heart block (CHB), also known as third-degree heart block, occurs when there is complete dissociation of the atria and ventricles. CHB during pregnancy is extremely rare and one possible mechanism may be related to the stretching of the atria during pregnancy causing conduction defects

 There is limited data on the rates of CHB and pacemaker (PPM) use in pregnant patients, with only a few case reports published. In this study we sought to define the rates of permanent pacemaker implantation for CHB complicating pregnancy.

 The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 2010 to 2014 using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision diagnosis codes for pregnancy and CHB and procedure codes for PPM in any procedure field for patients 18 years or older.

 From 2010 to 2014, we identified 20,451,108 pregnancies in patients above the age of 18 years. The overall rates of CHB were 643 (0.0031%). The sample consisted of 643 patients (Mage= 29.28±6.42 years) with CHB, the majority of whom were Caucasians 328 (51%). Average length of stay (LOS) (M ± SD) was 4.94±7.859 and total hospitalization charges were 51,715.04±112,345.98 ($). Moreover, the occurrence of other conditions which could lead to the development of CHB was: sarcoidosis 0 (0%), systemic lupus erythematosus 5 (0.8%), prior myocardial infarction 25 (3.8%), Lyme disease 0 (0%). Among patients with CHB, PPM implantation was done in 60 (9.3%), and TVP were 5 (0.8%). The overall composite mortality rates were 21 (3.2%). On comparing the non-PPM group to the PPM group, rates of in-hospital mortality were 3.6% vs 0%; p=0.059, LOS were 4.49±5.01 vs 12.50±15.35; p<0.001, complications such as congestive heart failure 0% vs 8.4%; p<0.001, cardiogenic shock 1% vs 8.4%; p<0.001, respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation 1.7% vs 0; p<0.04, sudden cardiac death 3.4% vs 0; p<0.05.

 The overall rates of CHB were 3.1 in 100,000 pregnancies. There were no reported in-hospital deaths among pregnant patients with CHB who received PPM and TVP. Relatively lower rates of PPM implantation in these patients might indicate that CHB during pregnancy is less severe and patients may have a stable narrow complex junctional escape rhythm. PPM implantation is recommended for those who are symptomatic or have a slow wide QRS complex rhythm indicating a block below the bundle of His.With this study we attempt to better define the occurrence of CHB during pregnancy, which could lead to better understanding and management of this condition.

 Type of funding source: None


Posture Language is a special language. In the teaching of Latin Dance,to receive good effect from both teaching and learning, this unique soundless communication plays a very important role. Based on literature materials and practical observation, this paper expatiates on the modes and function of posture language in the teaching and learning of Latin Dance together with the intention to improve the teaching quality and leave students with a deeper understanding of the motions while learning.


Microwave filters are characterized by a lot of parameters, which are related to each other in such a way that parameter improvement leads to deterioration of another one. An integral criterion is therefore needed in order to characterize efficiency of filter design. A figure of merit of microwave filters is introduced in order to compare different designs of integral filters by means of their frequency response and occupied area


Based on the 12 principles of green chemistry,the significance of producing and applying green quenchant was analyzed.Quenchant which can be degraded and is harmless to ecologic environment while conforming to service requirements is referred as the green quenchant.Mineral oil based quenching oil is not a green quenchant because it produces hazardous substance during service and wasted oil is difficult to be degraded.The harm of mineral oil based quenching oil to environment can be weakened through hydrogenation,improvement on addition component,and regeneration of wasted oil.However,it is imperative to develop,produce and apply vegetable oil based quenching oil and other green quenchants.


Background : Agents targeting the prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) pathway are important in managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No head-to-head clinical trials have compared outcomes between the 3 different PGI 2 -pathway drugs most commonly available in countries with advanced healthcare: oral selexipag, inhaled iloprost, and parenteral (subcutaneous or intravenous) treprostinil. Objectives : To conduct retrospective database analyses to describe characteristics of patients with PAH initiating therapy with these agents and compare the rate and risk of healthcare facility encounters and drug


In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, neutrinos are among the most important astronomical messengers, due to their interaction properties. In these lessons I briefly review the main issues concerning the theory on astrophysical neutrinos.


Factor structures were compared for a Spanish language version of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, administered to 300 children from Baja California, Mexico, and for the English version administered to 613 Latino and 668 Anglo children from California. Children were randomly selected from public schools in their respective states, stratified by ethnicity and sex. The parallel analysis criterion suggested a three-factor solution for the Mexican sample. These three factors were identifiable as Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from Distractibility. Coefficients of congruence indicated that these factors were highly similar to those found for Anglos and Latinos in the United States.


Sphalerite is one of the major base metal sulfides in the Kay Tanda epithermal gold deposit in Lobo, Batangas, southern Luzon, Philippines. Mineralization sequences and paragenesis of the deposit have been studied and they are categorized into six stages. Sphalerite occurs with galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite in the Stage 4 and Stage 6 mineralizations associated with quartz and gypsum-anhydrite, respectively. Sphalerite in the Stage 4 is associated with gold mineralization hosted in hydrothermal breccias and quartz-sulfide veins. Sphalerite occurs as dark brown crystals but appears to be yellowish and transparent in thin section. Chalcopyrite disease is also common in most crystals and some crystals show prominent zoning with primary fluid inclusions along the growth zones. In this study, compositional variation and fluid inclusion characteristics in sphalerite crystals were studied to understand the ore-forming processes of the Kay Tanda epithermal deposit. Compositional zoning of sphalerite crystals with and without growth zones was examined to map the concentration and distribution of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Sn, In, Ag, Ga and S within the crystals. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of primary liquid-rich liquid-vapor inclusions was done to determine the homogenization temperature and salinity. The FeS contents of Stage 4 sphalerite range from 0.6 to 2.9 mol% with a mode between 1.0 to 1.1 mol% FeS, while the FeS contents of Stage 6 sphalerite range from 0.9 to 2.1 mol% with a mode between 1.3 to 1.4 mol% FeS. Zoned and unzoned sphalerite crystals do not show any compositional variation in any of the analyzed elements except for copper which is correlated to the chalcopyrite disease along the growth zones of the zoned sphalerite. The dark brown color of these low Fe-sphalerite is attributed to the chalcopyrite disease. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Stage 4 sphalerite range from 260 °C to 370 °C with a mode between 290 °C to 310 °C, while those from Stage 6 sphalerite range from 270 °C to 340 °C with a mode between 270 °C to 290 °C. Salinity values from fluid inclusions from Stage 4 sphalerite range from 4 to 8 wt% NaCl equivalent with a mode between 6 to 7 wt% NaCl equivalent, while those from Stage 6 sphalerite range from 4 to 7 wt% NaCl equivalent with a mode between 4 to 5 wt% NaCl equivalent. Homogenization temperature vs salinity diagrams show cooling trend and isothermal mixing trend in Stage 4 sphalerite while a cooling trend on Stage 6 sphalerite. Fluid inclusion data indicates that base-metal ores were deposited from moderate salinity fluids at temperatures higher than typical epithermal deposits. Cooling and isothermal mixing are two possible mechanisms for base metal precipitation. Sulfur fugacity (logfS 2 = -8.9 to -11.6) determined from FeS content at temperatures estimated from microthermometry (T = 533 to 563 K) indicates that the base metal mineralization at Kay Tanda occurred in intermediate sulfidation condition.


In this paper,node power of compensation method is obtained with two 8 rank matrix.Two line outage load flow is obtained by Newton. Newton load flow for normal state is used,so efficiency and accuracy of line outage analysis are improved.


A rectangular 5,20-di(4-pyridyl) [26]hexaphyrin was reduced with NaBH4 to give the corresponding twisted Möbius aromatic [28]hexaphyrin. Subsequent double N-methylation gave a dicationic 5,20-di(N-methyl-4-pyridinium) [28]hexaphyrin, which was converted to a doubly zwitterionic and Hückel antiaromatic [28]hexaphyrin upon deprotonation with sodium methoxide.


The development of highly active and stable non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for water splitting is the main title toward energy conversion systems. CoFe2O4 has been reported as a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst. However, CoFe2O4 showed poor conductivity and sluggish electrocatalysis in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work a new hybrid catalyst was synthesized based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-wrapped CoFe2O4 nanorods. The synergistic effect between CoFe2O4 nanorods and SWNTs can not only increase the oxygen vacancies and optimize the electronic structure of the composite but also facilitate the adsorption and stabilization of hydroxyl, which could significantly improve both the OER and HER performances. Besides, the addition of SWNTs would reduce the aggregating and tubes bundling in the composites and further improve the stability of the hybrid. All of the excellent performances indicated CoFe2O4/SWNTs as a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for O...


Beyond sharing datasets or simulations, we believe the Recommender Systems (RS) community should share Task Environments. In this work, we propose a high-level logical architecture that will help to reason about the core components of a RS Task Environment, identify the differences between Environments, datasets and simulations; and most importantly, understand what needs to be shared about Environments to achieve reproducible experiments. The work presents itself as valuable initial groundwork, open to discussion and extensions.


It is well known that controlling the optimism in Time Warp is central to its success. To date, this problem has been approached by constructing a heuristic model of Time Warp's behavior and optimizing the models' performance. The extent to which the model actually reflects reality is therefore central to its ability to control Time Warp's behavior. In contrast to those approaches, using genetic algorithms avoids the need to construct models of Time Warp's behavior. We demonstrate, in this paper, how the choice of a time window for Time Warp can be transformed into a search problem, and how a genetic algorithm can be utilized to search for the optimal value of the window. An important quality of genetic algorithms is that they can start a search with a random choice for the values of the parameter(s) which they are trying to optimize and produce high quality solutions.


After the wave of innovation of the Nineties brought about by progress in IT and financial modeling, many think that we are on the verge of another wave of transformational innovation (see e.g., Brainard, 2016). The subprime crisis, which was spurred by, among many factors, developments in securitization not matched by analogous progress with regulation, left a bad taste for many. However, we should also recognize that over the same time period, innovation was also beneficial for many consumers: for example, securitizations in Europe were made mostly with loans extended to prime borrowers had very low default rates and seemingly did not induce risk-shifting behavior by banks (Albertazzi et al., 2015)…


Édouard Glissant's notions Relation, Place (Lieu), "forced poetics", "le drive", and "detour" are discussed through close readings of Glissant's representations of lived relational, material, physical and discursive geographies in the Caribbean, which are unfolded with references to Caribbean archival research. Using Denmark, a former colonial power in the Caribbean and whose educational policies are influenced by international trends and organisations as a case, the author draws on surveys, interviews, studies of Danish education in geography, and ministerial guidelines and regulations for teaching geography. Bojsen's analysis confirms recent research from other scholars that suggest a growing predominant utilitarian and economy-focused conceptualization of geography in Denmark, where physical geography appears to be increasingly disconnected from social and cultural parameters. However, her reading deploys Glissant's geography of "Relation", which she considers a counter-geography, to tease out the potential room for dissidence in this development and concludes by suggesting how Glissant's notions may lead to constructive critical questions about how geography, mobility and connectedness can be taught in primary and secondary schools in Denmark and elsewhere.


The article examines how nudity was used as a promotional strategy in the Polish cinema in the 1980s. In contrast to earlier decades, the Polish movie industry delivered dozens of films that contained female nudity and erotic scenes. Some actresses like Maria Probosz, became automatically associated with such movies. Paradoxically, the Polish cinema of the 1980s was only slightly concerned with the discourse of eroticism. As Maria Kornatowska writes,The shortage of erotic sensibility was compensated by 'bald nakedness.'' The reasons for the increased presence of nudity on movie screens stemmed from the transformation of social lifestyle and audiences' demand, the search for easy profit and the need to de-politicize society. Of significant importance were the influences of the growing video market and western cinema. Projections of nudity were meant to divert attention from the bleak reality of Poland enmeshed in crisis provide a sense of belonging to the Western world, and give mostly male viewers visual pleasure. It was also a marketing technique luring viewers to cinemas by bombarding them with daring posters and stills reproduced in the press and in front of movie theaters. My article will discuss and explain the ways of presenting female nudity in terms of these economic and political tasks.


Detonation initiation of hydrocarbon-air mixtures is critical to the development of the pulsed detonation engine (PDE). Conventionally, oxygen enrichment (such as a predetonator) or explosives are utilized to initiate detonations in hydrocarbon/air mixtures. While often effective, such approaches have performance and infrastructure issues associated with carrying and utilizing the reactive components. An alternative approach is to accelerate conventional deflagration-to-detonation speeds via deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). Analysis of hydrocarbon -air detonability indicates that mixing and stoichiometry are crucial to successful DDT. A conventional Schelkin-type spiral is used to obtain DDT in hydrocarbon-air mixtures with no excess oxidizer. The spiral is observed to increase deflagrative flame speeds (through increased turbulence and flame mixing) and produce 'hot-spots' that are thought to be compression-wave reflections. These hot spots result in micro -explosions that, in turn, then give rise to DDT. Time -of-flight analysis of high-frequency pressure-transducer traces indicate that the wavespeeds typically accelerate to over -driven detonation during DDT before stabilizing at Chapman -Jouget levels as the combustion front propagates down the detonation tube. Results obtained for a variety of fuels indicate that DDT of hydrocarbon-air mixtures is possible in a PDE. Succesful DDT in air with no oxygen enrichment was achieved with propane, 100 octane low-lead aviation gasoline, kerosene based military jet fuel JP8, and the high energy-density military jet fuel JP10.


Since 1992, the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) initiative has developed a standardized comprehensive method for documentation and evaluation of Sustainable Land Management (SLM). The resulting database to which many institutions and individuals have contributed, currently counts over 330 technologies (what can be seen in the field) and over 250 approaches (implementation strategies) from around 50 countries. Furthermore, WOCAT, together with the LADA and DESIRE projects, developed a tool to map land degradation and conservation. This mapping method (QM) complements the information provided by the individual case studies on technologies (QT) and approaches (QA). It evaluates what land degradation is occurring where and what is done about. Linking this information to a GIS permits the production of maps as well as area calculations on various aspects of land degradation and conservation, in a country, a region, or worldwide. The WOCAT tools and associated databases are available on-line, and freely accessible for anyone world-wide. As a result, information on SLM options that was previously scattered and difficultly accessible, is now being standardised and collated, facilitating the sharing of land management strategies. The WOCAT database can be used to find strategies that could be suitable in a certain location, based on its similarity in human-environmental characteristics to other locations described in the database. Although any potentially suitable strategies would have to be adapted to local circumstances, this allows the introduction of new strategies, based on experiences in other places. Furthermore, information from different sites can be easily compared because the same standardised methods are used across all sites. The challenge is now to implement SLM practices that address environmental, economic and social concerns, i.e. decreasing degradation and improving ecosystems, while enhancing agricultural productivity and the livelihoods of land users. Research to show and quantify these impacts of SLM practices and on implementation strategies is undertaken in projects like DESIRE and Green Water Credits, in which the WOCAT methods and tools were used and further developed, from which results are presented herewith. The main degradation type in the DESIRE sites is erosion by water; however, in 70% of the degraded areas, more than one degradation type is found. The degree of degradation was moderate or strong, with only small areas showing extreme degradation. In many mapping units, multiple "direct" causes of degradation were identified, illustrating the complexity of the problem. Population pressure and land tenure were the two most important indirect causes; often in combination with other indirect causes. Degradation was found to have moderately negative impacts on productive services, ecological services and socio-cultural services of the agricultural ecosystems investigated. The most used SLM technologies were grazing land management and conservation agriculture and mulching but again often combinations occurred, confirming that this is more effective than using one single measure. Effectiveness of measures was moderate to high, but it differed considerably between sites.


The utility model relates to a building integrated and network mutual-aided solar water heater with a floor as a unit, in particular to a building integrated and network mutual-aided solar hot water device with the floor as the unit, which is coordinately installed on the outer facade of a high-rise building or an ultra-high-rise building. The solar water heater is characterized in that a lower circulating pipe is obliquely connected at the position where an installation angle of a heat collector presents a complementary angle on a circle of 1/2 of an exhaust pipe far away from the closest exhaust pipe on one ends of an upper header and a lower header of a plate core of a pipe plate type system integration set-water heater opposite to a cold water inlet, a hot water inlet, a cold water outlet and a hot water outlet. Being different from a household wall-hanging system and a roof integrated heat collecting and sharing system, the building integrated and network mutual-aided solar water heater can realize the building integrated coordinate anchoring installation on the outer facade of the high-rise building or the ultra-high-rise building; an ultra-thin/light and high-strength structure is realized; the solar water heater has the functions of resisting wind and hailstones, preventing frosting and falling and can instantaneously collect heat; moreover, the solar water heater realizes sunshine sharing and network mutual-aiding, thereby filling in the technical gap which exists in China for a long time for solar utilization in the high-rise building or the ultra-high-rise building.


The objective of this study is to evaluate natural ventilation rate for apartment buildings by using CFD. First, the present natural ventilation design standard and performance evaluation methods were reviewed. Also, the natural ventilation system of the analyzed apartment unit in multi-residential building block was designed based on the domestic natural ventilation design standard. Finally, the natural ventilation performance of each apartment unit in building block was analyzed by CFD simulation. As the result of this study, even though the natural ventilation system is designed based on the law, the natural ventilation performance of each apartment unit in building block couldn't clear the related domestic standard.


Several attempts have recently been made to explain moral systems and moral sentiments in light of evolutionary biological theory. It may be helpful to modify and extend this project with the help of a theory of communication developed by ethologists. The core of this approach is the idea that signals are best seen as attempts to manipulate others rather than as attempts to inform them. This addition helps to clarify some problematic areas in the evolutionary study of morals, and it generates new, testable predictions about moral statements.


Collaborative Open Online Courses (COOC), designed as the enhanced variance of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), inherently combines the advantages of high‐quality online resources and face‐to‐face classroom teaching. It stimulates the collaboration and improvement of courses between educators and learners, by realizing the innovation for dynamic and real‐time education process, fostering professional skill acquisition and development as well. In this paper, we propose the novel concept and architectural design of COOC that provides the online course, courseware, and online experimental platform, built on top of third party's open source platforms. The preparation of courses is based on GitHub that facilitates multipoint‐to‐multipoint online courses and concurrent compilation of textbook based on GitBook, by providing open source textbooks and rapid updates as well as remote operations through online experimental platforms. The major differences between MOOC and COOC include decentralized platform and adoption of concepts through crowdsourcing, where instructors, professionals, and learners are able to set up and modify the courses independently and concurrently, empowering the course's construction based on the collaborative, open and shared textbooks, and online experimental platform. Users, including both teachers and learners, are also able to browse, download, and make use of courses in this platform. With embedded intellectual property and quality control mechanisms, such as Creative Commons (CC) licenses, COOC platform can generate and offer high‐quality courses and textbooks of emerging knowledge rapidly through consistent updates by professionals, students, and elites in related domains. The proposed design has been tested at trial Chinese universities and initial feedback from instructors and students are very positive. Insights on techniques and related information are provided, to best adapt to any vocational education level, subject matter, or courseware provider.


Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been employed to degrade biorefractory organic matters. This study investigates the combination of classical Fenton reaction with electrochemical oxidation, the electro-Fenton process, for the treatment of semi aerobic landfill leachate, collected from Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS), Penang, Malaysia. The investigation has been carried out in batch reactors with aluminum electrodes to establish the optimal treatment conditions. The effects of applied current, pH, reaction time, electrodes separation distance, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations, significant process parameters by themselves, have also been investigated. According to the obtained results, electro-Fenton process is very efficient for the treatment of landfill leachate. Optimum oxidation efficiency has been achieved when neither H2O2 nor Fe2+ are overdosed, so that the maximum amount of OH radicals is available for the oxidation of organic compounds. The highest COD and color removals have been 92% and 93%, respectively; obtained at initial pH=3, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio=1, applied current= 2A, treatment duration= 30 min, and electrodes separation distance= 3 cm. The current efficiency declines from 94% to 38% when the current rises from 0.5A to 2A.


SiC thin film has many preferred properties,such as low density,high thermal conductivity,low thermal expansion coefficient,high hardness and so on.In this paper,the two most commonly used methods,chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering technology,were reported.And their respective advantages on preparing SiC thin film were compared. The recent progress of studying on the optical properties and photoluminescence of SiC thin film were also mentioned in this paper.


Hitoshi Ida, Pailoj Sirimontaporn and Supap Monkolprasit (1994) Comparative morphology of the fishes of the family Ammodytidae, with a description of two new genera and two new species. Zoological Studies 33(4): 251-277. The generic characters of the fishes of the family Ammodytidae are discussed and two new genera and two new species are described. The new genus Protammodytes (type species: Protammodytes brachistos) is characterized by the presence of pelvic fins and a symmetric squamation, fewer vertebrate, and a complete series of infraorbitals. These characters are believed to be least derived state among the family Ammodytidae. Another new genus Lepidammodytes (type species: Lepidammodytes macrophthalmus) is characterized by having strongly ctenoid scales, larger eyes, perforated lacrymals, and a moderate number of vertebrae. The combination of general and derived characters is unique among the family. The fishes placed in the genus Bleekeria Gunther are divided into two genera, Bleekeria and Ammodytoides. The genus Bleekeria includes B. kallolepis, B. mitsukurii, and B. viridianguilla. The genus Ammodytoides is comprised of A. gilli, A. vagus, A. renniei, A. lucasanus, A. kimurai, and A. pylei. Embolichthys is moved to subgeneric level under the genus Bleekeria. The seven genera of the family are grouped into two subfamilies, Bleekeriinae and Ammodytinae. The subfamily Bleekeriinae consists of Protammodytes, Bleekeria, Lepidammodytes, and Ammodytoides, the subfamily Ammodytinae consists of Gymammodytes, Ammodytes, and Hyperoplus. The Bleekeriinae share many general features. Ammodytinae is characterized by many derived features. Genera characters of Ammodytoides and Gymnammodytes fill the gap between the generalized and specialized subfamilies.


A joint of a robot is controlled by a torque command. The joint has a position controller with a position feedback loop. The torque command is received for the joint, and a velocity feedforward command is determined for realizing the torque command using the position controller. The velocity feedforward command is sent to the position controller and the position feedback loop is canceled. The position feedback loop is canceled by sending a position command to the position controller, where the position command is an actual measured position of the joint. The position feedback loop is also canceled by setting the gain of the position feedback loop to zero.


The paper inquires into the professional degree of dispatching staff in a company based on Gallup's Q12 theory and conducts a statistical analysis of the data.On this basis,it comes up with points for attention when enterprises use and manage dispatching staff.


Egg size was measured at different rates of egg laying in three polyphagous carabid species, known to be useful predators of cereal aphids; the small Bembidion lampros Herbst and the medium‐sized Pterostichus cupreus L. and P. melanarius Illiger. Variations in fecundity, as well as the ability of the medium‐sized species to also build up fat reserves, were obtained when beetles were subjected to different dietary regimes consisting of aphids, or foods with a lower or higher protein content. Egg size was found to be dependent on the rate of egg laying within a species. A diet of cereal aphids appeared to be adequate for egg production in these polyphagous carabids, but female P. cupreus were unable to build up fat reserves when they ingested aphids contaminated with the aphicide pirimicarb. Beetles were able to devote resources to more and larger eggs (B. lampros), or to larger eggs and/or fat reserves (P. melanarius/P. cupreus) when given access to a carbohydrate‐rich food with low protein content. The highest rate of egg laying was obtained when female P. cupreus and P. melanarius were given a more varied diet at frequent intervals; including regular shifts between unsprayed aphids, carbohydrate‐rich food and protein‐rich maggots. Within the varied diet treatment a negative relationship was obtained between egg size and egg number among similar‐sized individuals of P. cupreus and P. melanarius; females producing the largest number also laid the smallest eggs. Egg size affected larval survival, since first instars hatching from large eggs were found to survive longer than those hatching from small eggs. The influence of differences in food intake on reproduction, maintenance metabolism, and survival of field‐inhabiting carabids is discussed.


Background: Helicobacter Pylori infection is the most common cause of chronic dyspeptic symptoms all over the world and covers more than 60% of the out-patient department's (OPD) registry. That is why we aimed to conduct this study to determine the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms visiting at our out-patient department (OPD) of Rawal General and Dental Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad between the periods of two years June 2018 – June 2020 with in patients who presented with a chief complain of dyspepsia through a consecutive sampling technique. Baseline and clinical variables were collected and correlated with the presence and absence of H. pylori infection among 355 finally recruited participants. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 59.71% (n = 212). Among them, married males were more common. Positive H. pylori patients were younger than negative H. pylori Original Research Article Abbasi et al.; JPRI, 33(60B): 257-262, 2021; Article no.JPRI.79264 258 patients, 40.24±6.62 vs. 44.9±8.05 (p 0.04). Participants who had a history of NSAIDS intake for past 7 days were significantly associated with positive H. pylori infection, 54.24% (n = 115), p 0.02. While on the other hands, patients who were receiving proton pump inhibitor for the past 4 weeks were significantly associated with absence of H. pylori infection when they presented with chronic dyspeptic symptoms, 65.03% (n = 93), p 0.01. Conclusions: Our study has found that almost two third of the population suffering from chronic dyspeptic symptoms had positive H. pylori infection and these patients are younger than H. pylori negatives. Chronic NSAID users have direct relation in increased prevalence of H. pylori detection while use of PPI plays safety role in prevention and reducing of H. pylori infection.


Certain beta -adrenergic blocking agents have been observed to increase the oxygen consumption of anesthetized dogs and to increase plasma free fatty acid levels. In this study, the effects of three beta -blocking drugs, dichloroisoproterenol (DCI), pronethalol and propranolol, on total-body oxygen consumption in the rat were examined. Both DCI and pronethalol were found to increase oxygen consumption in a doserelated manner. Propranolol did not increase oxygen consumption but instead lowered it in high doses. Propranolol was found to produce a partial antagonism of the oxygen consumption effects of DCI and pronethalol. Propranolol also afforded protection against lethal doses of DCI and pronethalol. It appears that DCI and pronethalol exert a beta -stimulatory action resulting in increased oxygen consumption. However, propranolol is antagonistic in regard to this response.


The lifestyle of world citizens has suffered an unprecedented impact as a result of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19. Economies and worldwide societies expect huge damages comparable to that caused by war. To the effects of this crisis on employment and wages must be added those produced in the workplace, with a foreseeable increase in job strain, not only as of the result of the health security reasons in the workplace but also to the effects on work-life balance, training and promotion possibilities, etc. This research analyses the impact of the economic situation on health, the influence of health on labour strain and on job quality. Using OECD data and a structural equation model, we have investigated the relationship between economy, health, quality of the job, work-life balance and well-being. The importance of security and safeness in the workplace is one of the items for evaluating job strain, particularly when they become even more crucial in pandemic times. This issue implicates not only the real risk of individual and social health but also a stressful situation for workers. The main contribution of our paper relies on establishing and prove causal relations among social and economic variables related to health, well-being and job quality, including safeness at the workplace. Considering that this relationship will probably become reinforced after a pandemic, like COVID-19, the actual relevance of the analysed topic and the achieved results becomes crucial.


Cl-rich amphibole and biotite (2.9 and 2.8 wto/o Cl, respectively) were analyzed with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray emission analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The samples are from Archean granulite-facies metamorphosed iron formations located in the Beartooth Mountains, Montana, U.S.A. Two types of amphibole and biotite were found: (l) high-Cl prograde hastingsite and biotite and (2) retrograde amphibole of grunerite composition containing no detectable amount of Cl but intergrown with submicrometer-sized slabs of Cl-rich annite (2.8 wto/o), Fe-rich talc, Fe-rich clinojimthompsonite, and very wide chain silicate. TEM-AEM study of prograde hastingsite and biotite suggests that Cl is dissolved in the crystal structures and that Cl distribution is homogeneous. AEM analyses show that Cl occupies up to about 30 and l5olo of the OH positions in hastingsite and biotite, respectively. Calculations of the CI-OH exchange reaction for apatite indicate a high log(a"ool a",o) ratio of about -1.8 -2.2, suggesting equilibrium with a Cl-rich fluid. Speciation and solubility modeling of the equilibrium between an aqueous fluid and the Cl-rich apatite, biotite, and hastingsite suggest hat reactions with a saline brine of about 25 wto/o NaCl could explain the Cl enrichment in these hydrous phases, whereas the brine may coexist with an immiscible COr-dominated vapor during the granulite-facies metamorphism, in light of low calculated HrO activities and COr-rich fluid inclusions. This explanation is consistent with the results from studies ofnatural and synthetic fluid inclusions and phase equilibrium experiments reported in the literature. The widespread occurrence of Cl-rich amphibole and biotite in granulite-facies rocks thus has significant implications for the nature of high-grade metamorphism. TEM-AEM observations of submicrometer-sized inclusions of Cl-rich phases within retrograde amphibole may help to explain the commonly observed heterogeneities of electron microprobe Cl analyses, found in samples from a variety of geologic settings. Microprobe analyses using typical beam diameters may sample areas with different proportions of submicroscopic intergrowths. This will give apparent Cl heterogeneities and fortuitous correlations between Cl and concentrations of K, Al, and Si. Although compositional correlations sometimes indicate reciprocal effects that are likely important for amphibole, we emphasize the potential danger of artifacts resulting from submicroscopic solid inclusions. Additional TEM-AEM studies on complex samples are needed to explain the compositional heterogeneities with confidence.


This thesis explores correlations between sentiment analysis ratings from movie tweets, film critics' ratings, and box office earnings. Two sentiment analysis tools, NLTK and Pattern, are used to collect and automatically extract the sentiments behind tweets about five movies released during summer 2013: Despicable Me 2, The BUng Ring, Man of Steel, Monsters University, and World War Z. The average ratings for each movie are compared to the scores for each movie on Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes. Overall, for most of the movies the results from the sentiment analysis ratings and film critics were similar, although in some instances they did vary considerably. Additionally, Pattern corresponded better with the film critics' ratings than NLTK. Furthermore, through graphical and statistical analysis, correlations between these sets of ratings and the box office earnings are studied. The analysis did not result in significant correlations to make concrete conclusive predictions. • I have been extremely fortunate to have Prof. Nathan Sanders and Prof. Deepak Kumar as my advisors and faculty readers. Without their direction and guidance, this thesis would not have been possible. I am also grateful to my student readers, Lisa Bao and Kelsey Ryan, for all their helpful comments and suggestions, which helped me refine my arguments. Lastly, I would like to thank the other Linguistics seniors, Katherine Marcoux, Chaney Harter, Karuna Doraiswamy, and Raminta Holden, who have served as a sounding board for my ideas every week during Linguistics Study Hour and provided constant support and encouragement. 1


Sepsis is often accompanied by metabolic disorders that are characterized mainly by active catabolism, insulin resistance induced by inflammatory mediators, and elevated blood glucose. Increased inflammatory process in severe cases can lead to myocardial injury. Adiponectin as a specific adipocytokine, plays an important role not only in the development of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, but also in inflammation and metabolism in sepsis. In recent years, studies have found that adiponectin expression is significantly reduced in sepsis, and application of adiponectin for treatment of sepsis in mice can reduce mortality, suggesting that adiponectin regulation in sepsis may become a new target for inhibiting inflammatory response, reducing insulin resistance, and managing myocardial injury. Clinical studies also show that decreased serum adiponectin level may be an important factor in the development of sepsis and an important index for prognosis evaluation in sepsis.

Key words:
Adiponectin; Sepsis; Inflammatory response


This study was performed to investigate the change of biologically functional compounds and antioxidant activities in Hizikia fusiformis with drying methods. As biologically functional compounds, the contents of minerals(K, Ca, Ma, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), vitamins(vitamin C, ) and total polyphenol were analyzed. And antioxidant activity was determined through free radicals(DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The contents of minerals were not affected by drying methods however vitamins and total polyphenol were lost more by sun-drying than other drying methods studies. Total polyphenol was preserved by freezing-drying than other drying methods studies, resulting in high antioxidant activities.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of earnings management and tax avoidance on firm value with ownership structure as a moderating variable. This research was conducted on companies registered in the LQ 45 index for the period 2013-2016 with a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis technique using WarpPLS version 5.0.
The results show that earnings management affects the value of the company, whereas tax avoidance does not affect the value of the company. The researcher also found managerial ownership does not moderate the relationship between earnings management and tax avoidance on firm value. Institutional ownership moderates the earnings management on firm value but does not moderate the relationship between tax avoidance on firm value.


Bacterial infections remain a significant threat to human health. Due to the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance, development of novel antibiotics is required in order to ensure that effective treatment remains available. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fraction responsible for the antimicrobial activity in Tabernaemontana elegans (Stapf.) root extracts. The active fraction was characterised by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth micro-dilution assay and antimycobacterial activity using the BACTEC radiometric assay. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and fractions was assessed against primary cell cultures; lymphocytes and fibroblasts; as well as a hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and macrophage (THP-1) cell line using the Neutral Red uptake and MTT assays. The crude root extracts were found to contain a high concentration of alkaloids (1.2% w/w). GC-MS analysis identified the indole alkaloids, voacangine and dregamine, as major components. Antibacterial activity was limited to the Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium species, with MIC values in the range of 64 – 256 μg/ml. When combined with antibiotics, additive antibacterial effects were observed. Marked cytotoxicity to all cell lines tested was evident in the MTT and Neutral Red uptake assays, with IC50 values ranging between 1.11 – 9.81 μg/ml. This study confirms the antibacterial activity of T. elegans and supports its potential for being investigated further for the development of a novel antibacterial compound.


For decades, in one small room on West Forty-fourth Street in Manhattan, Lee Strasberg ran the Actors Studio, where dozens of acclaimed actors absorbed a technique that became known as the "Method." Based on firsthand observations and numerous interviews, Hirsch's examination of the Studio's origins reveals how its graduates forever shaped the American stage and screen. A new introduction by the author studies the Actors Studio in the twenty-first century and places it in a modern context.


Stunting is a big problem in Aceh Province, especially North Aceh. Where North Aceh became one of the districts that became the locus of stunting. From 40,762 children under five in 2021 in North Aceh, the number of stunting reached 5,845 people. This figure reaches 45 percent of the total toddlers. West Reuleut is one of the villages in Muara Batu District which has a fluctuating stunting rate from year to year. Generally the incidence of stunting occurs due to poor parenting, mother's knowledge about how to do proper parenting is still very limited. The mechanism for implementing this service is by providing health promotion interventions to pregnant women and mothers with toddlers regarding the prevention of stunting since the first 1000 days of life. The implementation of the educational intervention was carried out by counseling using audio-visual media to pregnant women and mothers of toddlers as well as the practice of compiling menus for toddlers, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers as well as monitoring and evaluation to establish relationships and find out the development of partnerships in implementing stunting prevention in the village of West Reuleut. After the end of this service activity, it was concluded that there was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women and mothers of children under five about stunting prevention efforts since the first 1000 days of life. Based on statistical tests, it shows that the health promotion interventions provided have an influence in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women and mothers of children under five. This increase in knowledge is expected to reduce the incidence of stunting, especially in the village of West Reuleut.


The effect of surrounding luminance on visual range in blowing snow condition was investigated in daytime, by comparing visibility derived from luminance contrast with that derived from transmissivity observed simultaneously. A volume of air sampled for monitoring may not accurately represent the atmosphere from which it was taken. Differences in measurements through two types of visibility meters increased from daytime to twilight, and with cloudy or lightly blowing snow conditions in daytime. In heavy blowing snow, visual range measured by transmissivity coincided with that by luminance contrast. We was concluded that visual range obtained by transmissometer was inclined to be over-estimated in conditions of cloud and light blowing snow.


Municipal tree programs were assessed in Pennsylvania through mail surveys. Pennsylvania has approximately 378 tree programs of which 57% are implemented thrqugh shade tree commissions. Only 28% of Pennsylvania's citiqs and boroughs have tree programs. A high level of tree health exists in only 27% of the cities with programs. Only 28% of the programs have streettree inventories. Numbers of street trees are declining in 40% of the communities with programs.


(Invited) Fiber-optic sensors have been under development for well over 15 years and continue to attract strong research interest. This paper reviews recent progress in the field and discusses current trends in the technology.


New research by the authors in the London Borough of Merton challenges three commonly held assumptions ‐ that mental health service users do not want to work, that work will make their condition worse, and that what they are really best suited to is sheltered work.


UML is a standard and powerful modeling language. Introduces UML and discusses online examination system in the medical imaging of the modeling process. Uses Rational Rose as the UML modeling tool for the environment and realizes modeling methods and steps by using UML language. Gives case model, static model and dynamic model of test system. Through the application of this method to enhance the reliability, reusability and maintainability of the system.


In this paper GaAs power MESFETs and a passive device library were developed, and used in the realization of an S-band MMIC power amplifier. The bonding line component was considered in the design of the amplifier. S/sub 21/ and S/sub 11/, were 30 dB and -13.8 dB, respectively, according to simulation. The amplifier was fabricated by a seven-mask process, and bonded to a test fixture. At the center frequency of 2.45 GHz, S/sub 21/, and S/sub 11/, were measured to be 29.6 dB and -15.0 dB, respectively. The chip size was 1.8 mm/spl times/0.9 mm.


OBJECTIVE
To study early bone healing of immediately loaded implants placed in fresh extraction sockets versus immediate implants without occlusal loading in the dog.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 48 implants were placed in the distal sockets of Pm3 and Pm4 in the lower jaw of 12 Beagle dogs immediately after tooth extraction. In the control group, no loading was applied. In the test group, an immediate loading restoration with occlusal contacts was performed. Dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks for histological analysis.

RESULTS
At the end of the study, there was a 100% implant and prosthesis survival. Similar results for test and control groups were observed for bone-to-implant contact (%) and peri-implant bone area. Inter-thread bone area tended to decrease in the control and increase in the test. With respect to ridge alterations, bone resorption was more pronounced on the buccal aspect and was observed in both groups.

CONCLUSION
Immediate loading did not impair early stages of bone healing and crestal bone modelling at two-piece implants in fresh extraction sockets in the beagle dog; however, bone resorption occurred in all specimens in both groups.


Since the early decades of the 19th century, Turkey has undergone successive programmes of modernisation that have closely identified reform with Westernisation and its implied European 'success and superiority' over Turkish culture. Here Edhem Eldem reveals both the external and internal dynamic of Turkish Orientalism, which has proved such a complex multilayered process with an enduring influence on how Turkish society and elites view themselves today. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In four decades of scholarship, Alfred Chandler has established himself as the acknowledged dean of business historians. Now available in paperback, this collection reveals the evolution of Chandler's theory and the enormous contribution that he has made to the field. Included are sixteen essays, as well as the table of contents and introductions to his three major books on business history: Strategy and Structure, The Visible Hand, and Scale and Scope. McCraw provides a capsule intellectual biography of Chandler, as well an introduction to each essay.


Inulin is a polysaccharide composed of a chain of fructose units with a terminal glucose unit. Inulin occurs naturally in many plants and vegetables (jerusalem artichoke, onion, chicory root, etc.). Due to its solubility in water and capacity to stabilize emulsions and foams, inulin has high potential as an ingredient, also in low fat food. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible synergistic effects between inulin and dietary fibers, by the measuerement of the rheological properties of solutions of their mixtures. The results indicate that the rheological parameters of the mixtures of inulin with alginate and inulin with iotacarrageenan showed the same value of the solution of inulin. A rheologial pseudoplastic behaviour were exhibited by the other mixtures and, in particular, those of inulin with locust bean and inulin with methyl-cellulose, the latter showing a solid-type structure (gel). The results of the rheological determinations on these mixtures are probably related to the existance of interactions between the components with a synergistic effect.


This article examines regional data sharing for regional problem solving, drawing on the process evaluation findings of the East Valley, California COMPASS. The findings confirm prior research of regional data-sharing difficulties, such as technological and database expertise and participation. Our study points to more fundamental limitations of regional data-sharing development for regional problem solving. Problems in many communities are simply local phenomena that may not be aided by a regional approach. Consequently, the development of a data system for regional problem solving ignores the specific nature of problems and the practical barriers inherent to accessing diverse databases. We agree that regional data sharing is important, but may be better tailored toward sharing data for short-term tactical purposes (e.g., pattern analysis) or for simply identifying problems, the first step in the problem-solving process, regionally.


From a practical point of view the research presented in this article investigates learning in ill-structured hypertext without (efficient) internal learning aids (such as maps, guided tours, or intelligent information retrieval support), because this kind of learning system is more spread in everyday instruction with new information technologies (e.g., WWW) than educationally well equipped learning systems. Based on the concepts of "minimalist instruction" and "browsing" three experiments (with high school and college students) concerning learning with ill-structured hypertext are depicted. In each of the experiments one different kind of external learning aid (memo pads, learning time, and teaching objectives) was manipulated and examined on its effect on intentional and incidental knowledge acquisition. Also corresponding traits (action control, achievement motivation, extraversion, and motivation for variation) and process variables (e.g., frequency and diversity of chosen nodes) were considered as covariables. Statistical procedures were focused on CTTI (Complex Trait-Treatment-Interactions)-analysis with MAN(C)OVA. Results showed that the less students were action-oriented the more they profited in intentional learning from using memo pads. The usage of memo pads also decreased incidental learning, especially when many nodes were chosen. Results further indicated that intentional learning was high and incidental learning was low when learning time was at a medium level. The salience of teaching objectives influenced both types of learning in interaction with the measured motivational personality traits. Findings were briefly discussed on the basis of an integrated theoretical aptitude-treatment interaction approach to knowledge acquisition using cognitive effort as main construct.


Spatial sound simulation aims to produce sound with the characteristic of virtual scenes. Visual information attached with spatial sound enhances users' experience in virtual reality. To make users feel immersive in environments, we compute dynamically the sound filters according to the structure of scene instead of playing pre-recorded audio files. Our research uses an image source method to generate sound propagation paths in scenes. To improve the performance of producing image sources, we pre-computed the visibility of scene, and exploited Optix ray tracing engine to parallelize path validation. Furthermore, our system can simultaneously support multiple sound sources.


NASA is opening the International Space Station for commercial business so U.S. industry innovation and ingenuity can accelerate a thriving commercial economy in low-Earth orbit.


During pregnancy a woman needs calories over and above her basal requirements for changes in her own body and for the growth of her fetus. From the point of view of measurement, 0, is best suited for calculating such requirements. As has been described in Chapters 3-7, by 8-1 1 weeks gestation there were already marked changes in most of the cardiopulmonary variables studied at rest. Furthermore, as discussed in Chapter 8, these changes were already present when the pregnant women performed their first tests. The increased oxygen demanded by pregnancy was achieved by an increase in V. This increase in V at rest was caused only by an increase in tidal volume. There was also an improvement in ventilation demonstrated by a fall in the oxygen and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalents. The distribution to the tissues was effected by an increase in Q. The latter was the result of an increase in heart rate with a zenith at 32-35 weeks gestation and an increase in stroke volume which remained at the same level during pregnancy from 8-1 1 weeks gestation. During exercise additional energy requirements have to be met. We have described the additional effect of work against the background of the changes observed at rest. Thus the effect of a workload is easier to identify and quantify than when the absolute numbers are given. During bicycle exercise with the women sitting upright more oxygen was needed both for light and for moderate work during pregnancy than in the non-pregnant state, and by 6-8 weeks after delivery the values had not yet returned to basal levels. There was a tendency for the additional oxygen requirements to peak in early pregnancy and again in late pregnancy. To absorb extra oxygen, V increased more and ventilation improved more than during rest. The changes were seen most distinctly in alveolar ventilation which increased in all women during work and in all of them by 8-1 1 weeks gestation. Somewhat surprisingly, at light work V remained the same in nonpregnant as in pregnant women until mid-pregnancy. Also, in contrast to measurements at rest, respiratory rate increased both in the non-pregnant and even more in the pregnant women, particularly from mid-pregnancy until delivery. Tidal volume showed peak values early in pregnancy. To provide the tissues with the additional oxygen needed, cardiac output must increase. Non-invasive methods for estimating Q during work are unreliable. However, the amount of oxygen delivered for each heart beat, i.e. the oxygen pulse being a function of stroke volume and the A-V difference for oxygen, gives at least an idea of the direction of the changes. Estimated stroke volume increased more during work when the women were pregnant than in the non-pregnant state, and was highest in early and late pregnancy. Heart rate increased during work, but particularly during moderate work in late pregnancy heart rate increased less than when the women were not pregnant. Thus cardiac output must also have been less, which agrees with the observation that six of the women felt from midpregnancy that a workload of 60 W was too much and the load was reduced to 50 W. On the other hand, we found that oxygen consumption was at a peak level in late pregnancy and during moderate work. Thus, the crucial oxygen was absorbed and must have been distributed to the tisues. This reduced heart rate reaction during work in the last months of pregnancy is the only finding in the present study that might indicate a limitation of the fetal oxygen supply. We do not know the mechanism behind this. Future studies are needed to see if there is any relation between this lack of increase in maternal heart rate during exercise and the 30% increase of impedance and the 2-25% decrease in flow in the uterine circulation during submaximal exercise (Erkkola et al. 1992). Could it be that because of the oxygen demands from the maternal muscles, the visceral, including the uterine, circulation is so reduced that heart rate can be less increased because the shunt type of circulation to the placental site is partially shut down? The individual curves in Fig. 14.4 show that such was not always the case. This is one of the several occasions in this study where it is tempting to make a general statement from the median curves, only to find that in the individual case the situation may be different. In the puerperium the changes seen during light and moderate work compared with the resting levels were consistently between the levels at term and those in the non-pregnant state, the heart rate being the exception. The relatively small rise in heart rate just described in late pregnancy is in contrast to the AfC in the puerperium which was as high as in the peak periods during pregnancy. Consequently the oxygen pulse increase was also at a nadir in the puerperium. Work efficiency during light and moderate work was consistently lower in the pregnant women than when they were not pregnant; moreover, work efficiency fell gradually towards term. The work efficiency increased from 20% during light work to 25% during moderate work, thereby facilitating the latter. In addition to the textbooks and review cited above, there are the recent short reviews on pregnancy and exercise, undoubtedly called for because of the marked increase in general interest in sports and exercise, by Clapp ( 1 990) and by Huch & Erkkola (1990). They both stress that as pregnancy itself requires an increased oxygen consumption, the reserves for maximal exercise are reduced. As different women work in different situations or want to perform different types of exercise, it is an advantage that studies have used varied test protocols, as reviewed by Artal & Wiswell (1986). For example, treadmill exercise, which is weight dependent, differs from bicycle ergometry, which is not. Thus the different results obtained by different authors are partly due to these variations in the methods of study.


Incorporating a "global vision" into the classroom is an imperative objective in modern social studies education. One of the 10 key themes in the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) standards is that social studies programs should encourage "experiences that provide for the study global connections and interdependence" (NCSS, 2010). This article examines one specific lesson plan, a series of collaborations with a foreign school, and how collaborations can thrive in translating global themes into local action. First, I examine the research regarding the various constructs, theories, and standards debated within the study of global education. Second, using photography, art, and web-based communications, this article aims to show the connection between students via personal experiences and interests with their foreign counterparts. Finally, I highlight pedagogical options, resources, and suggestions for the practitioner.


It is well known that FFA increases consumer welfare. However, it is difficult to analyze consumer welfare effects of FTA for item by item because of the difficulty in data collection. In this respect, this study aims at analyzing the types of increasing consumer welfares with item by item. According to the result of the study, there are five types of consumer welfare increased by FM, and the items are like below: banana, kiwi, octopus, wine, and etc. However, it is hard for consumer to feel effects of FTA directly for several reasons. The problem of distribution structure of imported goods and, tariff reductions over long period are parts of the reasons to reduce the consumer wealfare effects. And the lack of consumer awareness about imported goods also reduces them. In order to promote FTA more efficiently, this study suggests that the government must improve the problems mentioned because consumer consent is essential element for further FTA promotion.


IT's taken me one year research work to write this book regarding water desalination using solar powered solar still. So you have to read this book to get a good knowledge about water desalination. Solar desalination is a process that is powered by a solar energy to purify water from saline and brackish water for drinking purpose. In recent years, solar desalination of water has been one of the most important technological works undertaken in many countries. Many areas in Middle East and developing countries have little or no pure water supplies which can be applicable for drinking purpose and, therefore, they strongly depend on producing pure water by desalination. Currently, several methods of solar water desalination are known. Since, the cost of energy is drastically increasing all over the world, today, utilization of solar energy for water desalination is become more attractive. Solar desalination is predominantly important for locations where solar isolation is high and there is a shortage of fresh water. Direct use of solar energy method is the best known method for solar water desalination.Thanks.


Techniques are generally described that include electrokinetic pumping an emulsion comprising an ionic fluid and a nonpolar fluid to promote flow of the ionic fluid by electro-osmotic flow and drag the nonpolar fluid by viscous drag forces. In some examples, the electrokinetic pump may be utilized to deliver one or more reagents within a fluidic reactor system, such as a micro-scale reactor system. In some additional examples, a reagent may be dissolved in the nonpolar fluid of a first emulsion and pumped through the electrokinetic pump to a mixing channel to allow the reagent of the first emulsion to react with a reagent of second emulsion to form a reactive product.


This article examines the process of moral and spiritual development for inmates in Pekanbaru Class IIA Correctional Institution. The problem is that the crimes that occur in the country of Indonesia are caused by a decline in moral and spiritual values, so there is a need for moral and spiritual guidance for inmates in prisons. This article aims to find out and analyze the forms of moral and spiritual coaching implementation for inmates in Pekanbaru Class IIA Correctional Institution. This research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, documentation, and observations of prison officials, cleric who gave lectures and assisted citizens. The results of the study indicate that the form of implementation of moral and spiritual guidance is carried out in the form of fostering oral preaching, writing and actions. Keywords: Moral Development, Spiritual Development, Patronage Citizens


The differences in geographical distribution between Anguilla reinhardtii and A. australis on the eastern coast of Australia can be understood by comparing otolith growth increments and microchemistry, the ages between species of the eels at metamorphosis from leptocephalus to glass eels and the ages of glass eels at estuarine arrival. The ages at metamorphosis were determined from where the increment width dramatically increased and the Sr/Ca ratio dropped. The mean age (± s.d.) of A. reinhardtii (n = 176) at metamorphosis was 144.5 ± 12.2 days and at estuarine arrival was182.7 ± 16.3 days. For A. australis (n = 150) it was 173.7 ± 20.5 days and 229.2 ± 29.4 days, respectively. The differences in age between species were significantly larger than the annual and seasonal variations within species. Australian eels are believed to spawn in the tropical oceans and larval eels drift in the South Equatorial Current to eastern Australia. The younger ages at estuarine arrival of A. reinhardtii suggest that the spawning grounds of this species lie closer to Australia than those of A. australis. In addition, the mean total length at recruitment of A. reinhardtii (49.9 ± 2.0 mm) was significantly smaller than for A. australis (54.6 ± 5.4 mm) (t = 3.8, P < 0.01). However, the growth rates of A. reinhardtii (0.25 ± 0.02 mm/d) were significantly faster than for A. australis (0.23 ± 0.022 mm/d)(t = 7.6, P < 0.01). The smaller sizes of A. reinhardtii at recruitment were likely due to the shorter marine larval period and faster growth rate compared with A. australis. The duration of the marine larval period and growth rate may be the principal factors in determining the geographical distribution of both A. reinhardtii, which tend to occur in tropical-subtropical waters, and A. australis, which predominate in more temperate waters. Extra keywords: otolith, early life history. M la t ar nt Jao et W A nd Y.


. Considered herein is a particular nonlinear dispersive stochastic system consisting of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. They are coupled by nonlinear terms due to the Yukawa interaction. We consider a case of homogeneous multiplicative noise that seems to be very natural from the perspective of the least action formalism. We are able to show existence and uniqueness of a corresponding Cauchy problem in Bourgain spaces. Moreover, the regarded model implies charge conservation, known for the deterministic analogue of the system, and this is used to prove a global existence result for suitable initial data.


Abstract : The publishing procedures at the Defence Research Establishment Suffield are presented for the purpose of facilitating the process for authors. The categories of papers are defined, the spheres of responsibility are outlined, the role of the Document Review Panel is explained and the steps for filling out the forms for each publication category are shown. Canada Reports.


We define the pull-back of a smooth principal fibre bundle, and show that it has a natural principal fibre bundle structure. Next, we analyse the relationship between pull-backs by homotopy equivalent maps. The main result of this article is to show that for a principal fibre bundle over a paracompact manifold, there is a principal fibre bundle isomorphism between pull-backs obtained from homotopic maps. This enables simple proofs of several results on the structure of principal fibre bundles. No new results are obtained---this is simply an accessible presentation of an important idea.