PURPOSE: A method for providing a seamless service and a system thereof are provided to offer the continuity of applications by enabling a user to use the application in other terminals. CONSTITUTION: A usage history information DB(DataBase)(350) stores the usage history information of an application executed by terminals matched with users. A terminal information DB(360) stores seamless target application information for the terminals in each terminal. A seamless usage information generation unit(330) generates seamless usage information based on seamless target application information matched to the seamless service request terminal and the usage history information by responding to a seamless service request received from the seamless request terminal. A transmission and reception unit(340) transmits the seamless usage information to the seamless service request terminal. The seamless service request terminal executes one or more seamless target applications based on the transmitted seamless usage information. [Reference numerals] (310) Usage history management unit; (320) Terminal information management unit; (330) Seamless usage information generation unit; (340) Transmission and reception unit; (350) Usage history information DB; (360) Terminal information DB


Speaking on 14 September at a conference entitled Building Surgeons, Breaking Barriers,1 Tim Mitchell said that he was "deeply sorry" for causing "a great deal of upset" in comments he had made about two academic papers on the surgical outcomes of female surgeons,whichwere published in JAMASurgery last month. Both papers showed that patients who were operated on by female surgeons were less likely to experience complications and to need follow-up care than those operated on by male surgeons.


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted mainly by the parenteral route after percutaneous exposure to virus‐infected products or body fluids. Thus, HCV shares with hepatitis B and D (HBV, HDV) viruses this common transmission route. The prevalence of antibody against HCV (anti‐HCV) was studied in 1155 serum samples from individuals at risk of infection by bloodborne or sexually transmitted agents, as well as from others lacking such risk factors, from the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Anti‐HCV and serological markers of infection by HBV and HDV were also studied in further 550 samples taken from Bari Indians living in different communities in the Perija mountains. State of Zulia, Venezuela. The results obtained showed that recipients of blood or blood products are at increased risk of HCV infection in Maracaibo, whereas sexual transmission plays only a minor role if any. Both HBV and HDV infections were highly prevalent among Bari Indians (64.4% positive for anti‐HBc; 11.1% of HBsAg carriers; 15.3% positive for anti‐HDV among HBsAg carriers). No anti‐HCV positive samples were, however, detected among them, thus suggesting either that HCV has not still reached this population or that HBV and HDV are transmitted by routes unshared by HCV. Anti‐HCV was also absent among samples from mentally retarded patients from Maracaibo, thus confirming similar findings from other countries and supporting the existence of specific transmission mechanisms for HBV and HDV which are not working for HCV. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Thyroid nodules (TN) are present in about half of the population. About 5% of all nodules are malignant. Image-guided methods for the treatment of TN are becoming a significant alternative to surgery. Percutaneous ethanol ablation (PEA) is effective in the treatment of thyroid cysts, and neck lymph node metastases. Percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) significantly reduces the size of the nodules and improves subjective symptoms. The adverse effects of PEA are rare, transitory, and mild. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective for nodules of all sizes and compositions. The major complications of RFA are rare and transient. Microwave ablation is also effective in the treatment of thyroid nodules with rare major complications. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a transcutaneous method. It is effective in the treatment of thyroid nodules, and complications are rare. Graves' hyperthyroidism was also treated with HIFU. As thermal ablation (TA ) methods are becoming more popular in 2020, the European Thyroid Association published clinical practice guidelines for the use of image-guided ablation in benign thyroid nodules. A meta-analysis showed that low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma recurrences after TA treatment are rare, as are complications. As the TA methods are acceptable for the treatment of the low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma European Thyroid Association and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe issued clinical practice guidelines for the use of minimally invasive treatments in malignant thyroid lesions. Image-guided treatments for thyroid nodules and cancer are here to stay. Their use will expand and become part of routine clinical practice.


The ever-growing demand for fast and seamless connectivity shows the need of new wireless standards and technologies. Novel broadband, wide-angle scanning antennas achieving an optimal trade-off among size, gain, efficiency and costs are crucial to the development of emerging applications at millimeter waves, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and satellite communications. In this thesis, multibeam parallel-fed continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antennas are proposed as possible candidates for future mm-wave communications and are developed to tackle these requirements. The antenna architecture comprises an array of long slots, a corporate feed network based on parallel plate waveguides (PPWs) and an integrated quasi-optical beamformer. First, novel numerical models for the analysis of each subsystem and of the overall antenna, are presented, which enable an efficient and modular design of CTS antennas. These tools are exploited to derive design guidelines and assess the scanning performance. Then, novel design and technological solutions for the integration of CTS antennas in flat, low-profile multilayer modules are discussed. The design and characterization of two prototypes in LTCC technology, for 60-GHz mobile access points are presented: a fixed beam array and a switched-beam antenna with a field of view of ±40°, low SLLs and high beam overlap. Finally, planar linear-to-circular polarization converters are proposed to realize circularly polarized CTS antenna systems. A procedure to achieve an ultra-wideband, low-loss polarization conversion is outlined and a design for Ka-band satellite application is presented.


In recent years there has been a global decrease in the prevalence of malaria due to scaling up of control measures, hence global control efforts now target elimination and eradication of the disease. However, a major problem associated with elimination is asymptomatic reservoir of infection especially in endemic areas. This study aims to determine the efficiency of histidine rich protein II (HRP-2) based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for monitoring transmission intensities in an endemic community in Nigeria during the pre-elimination stage. Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic malaria infection in healthy individuals and symptomatic cases were detected using HRP-2. RDT negative tests were re-checked by microscopy and by primer specific PCR amplification of merozoite surface protein 2 (msp-2) for asexual parasites and Pfs25 gene for gametocytes in selected samples to detect low level parasitemia undetectable by microscopy. The mean age of the study population (n=280) was 6.12 years [95% CI 5.16 – 7.08, range 0.5 – 55], parasite prevalence was 44.6% and 36.3% by microscopy and RDT respectively (p =0.056). The parasite prevalence of 61.5% in children aged >2 – 10 years was significantly higher than 3.7% rate in adults >18years (p < 0.0001, χ2 = 60.45). RDT detected additional 29.6% asymptomatic cases but a lower specificity of 68.8% in symptomatic carriers. In 15 selected RDT positive samples, only 6 were positive by PCR and no gametocyte was detected. The results indicate that HRP-2 RDTs are a vital tool for understanding transmission dynamics and detecting immune-suppressed, recent and asymptomatic infections, thus crucial to tackle low level transmission and eliminating malaria in endemic areas.In recent years there has been a global decrease in the prevalence of malaria due to scaling up of control measures, hence global control efforts now target elimination and eradication of the disease. However, a major problem associated with elimination is asymptomatic reservoir of infection especially in endemic areas. This study aims to determine the efficiency of histidine rich protein II (HRP-2) based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for monitoring transmission intensities in an endemic community in Nigeria during the pre-elimination stage. Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic malaria infection in healthy individuals and symptomatic cases were detected using HRP-2. RDT negative tests were re-checked by microscopy and by primer specific PCR amplification of merozoite surface protein 2 (msp-2) for asexual parasites and Pfs25 gene for gametocytes in selected samples to detect low level parasitemia undetectable by microscopy. The mean age of the study population (n=280) was 6.12 years [95% CI 5.16 – 7.08, range...


Abstract The present analytical study deals with the laminar steady-state two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic natural convection within a shallow enclosure. The latter is filled with an Al2O3-water nanofluid, which is determined by volumetrically internal heat sources subject to an externally applied uniform vertical magnetic field. The analytical model incorporates the role of a nanolayer, which is adjacent to the solid particle, in order to comprehend the anomalous heat conducting properties of nanofluids. Besides, the effects of the nanoparticle volume fraction and its size are examined on the cooling process. All the aforementioned factors seem to play a key role on the heat transfer. In brief, via shrinking the nanoparticles, increasing their volume fraction as well as enlarging the nanolayer thickness results (especially for comparable nanoparticle radii and nanolayer thicknesses) in deceleration of the nanofluid motion and, thus, in deterioration of the heat transfer. Finally, the analytical results are expected to be of particular importance regarding the comprehension of the versatile problem of magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of nanofluids given the fast-growing interest in this scientific field.


The calls for a renewal of education and pedagogy are secular. They took other forms and became more insistent in the last quarter of the nineteenth century when the school, in which the future of the nation lay, became an affair of state. A number of Western nations won over to democracy then attempted to generalise schooling to provide universal access to (elementary) knowledge, diversifying and densifying their scholastic offerings. To ensure their consistency and effectiveness, this institutionalisation was accompanied by impressive administrative and legislative infrastructures. Although itself the result of reformist pressures, this institutionalisation in turn provoked intense contradictions. These became even more profuse and intense as state-controlled school systems were consolidated and structured. And, with increased urbanisation and industrialisation, the social context as a whole underwent a profound change, generating further social tensions and preoccupations at the turn of the nineteenth century. In the first decades of the twentieth century, it was the turn of the reformist movements themselves to become institutionalised to make their voices better heard, to test their theories, to promote their pedagogic doctrines: through editorial vehicles, social and scientific events, associative networks and movements. Beyond this diversity there was an analogous denunciation of the inadequacy of established educational practices and systems for the specific needs of childhood and a demand for a radical change in educational ideas, in furtherance of an Education that was resolutely new; a New Education, a Progressive Education, Reformpädagogik, escola nova, escuela nueva, a functional education, or an active school to use the terms by which these movements themselves recognised each other. The New Education (now understood as a generic term encompassing the terms mentioned above), diversified though it was, emanated above all from cultured, pedagogic, humanist, intellectual, scientific urban environments, with the conviction that it was through education that humanity could, indeed must, be transformed.1 Although it had always been used in pedagogy, the adjective "new" won over a new audience in the early twentieth century when, given all possible shades of meaning, it was put before everything. A number of contemporaries accepted it and often derided


Abstract The normalized exponential-normal form A · exp(–(x – c)2/(a(x – c) + 2b 2)) is an asymmetric distribution intermediate between the normal and exponential distributions. Some properties of the form are presented and some methods of approximation are suggested. Appropriate formulae and table are presented. The quality of original data defines the specific features of the methods. Application of the methods is illustrated by ultra high energy atmospheric showers investigation. The relation to the exponential and normal distributions makes the form useful and effective in applications.


Introduction In the current worldwide labor context, where a disruption took place and employees experience. Methods Participated in this study 739 European hybrid workers who fulfilled an online assessment protocol. Results Results indicate that higher ages, higher educational levels, being married, having children, working. Discussion This study makes a unique contribution to the extant research on hybrid workers' careers, specifically.


Pepper plants grown to uniform size in a controlled environment were subjected to an osmotic stress for periods of 1 to 10 days. Polyethylene glycol 400 was used as the osmotic agent.

Leaf area of the plants, grown under uniform conditions, was proportional to the weight of the plants. This relationship was not altered by reduction in rate of growth due to a decrease in osmotic potential of the nutrient solution.

The rate of transpiration of the pepper plants decreased as the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution was decreased. The reduction in rate of transpiration was most rapid when the osmotic potential was reduced from −0.5 to −7.5 bars. There was continued reduction in the rate of transpiration with change in potential to −12.5 bar but this change was less than that at the higher potentials. The rate of transpiration remained at a reduced rate for as long as the plants were growing in the solution with low osmotic potential. Alternating the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution between −0.5 and −5.0 bar did not change the response to the −5.0 tension. The reduction in rate of transpiration resulting from the lowering of the osmotic potential by addition of NaCl was similar to that produced by addition of polyethylene glycol.

Water potential, osmotic potential, relative water content and stomatal movement were all in dynamic equilibrium with the water content of the leaves. The water content of the leaves was regulated by the supply and demand. In these investigations the demand remained constant. The supply was altered by decreasing the difference in water potential between leaf and substrate and by an increase in resistance to flow of water in the roots as a result of the decrease in osmotic potential of the nutrient solution.


To overcome the contradiction between the resolution and the measurement cost, various algorithms for reconstructing the sound field with sparse measurement have been developed. However, limited attention is paid to the computation efficiency. In this study, a fast sparse reconstruction method is proposed based on the Bayesian compressive sensing. First, the reconstruction problem is modeled by a sparse decomposition of the sound field via singular value decomposition. Then, the Bayesian compressive sensing is adapted to reconstruct the sound field with sparse measurement of sound pressure. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to either the spatially sparse distributed sound sources or the spatially extended sound sources. And comparisons with other two sparse reconstruction methods show that the proposed one has the advantages in terms of reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency. In addition, as it is developed in the framework of multitask compressive sensing, the method can use multiple snapshots to perform reconstruction, which greatly enhances the robustness to noise. The validity and the advantage of the proposed method are further proved by experimental results.


Brodalumab, guselkumab, ixekizumab and risankizumab stood out among 15 biologic and oral medications as having the highest short- and long-term response rates for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, according to a recent meta-analysis.


Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), a new type of fluorescent material, have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent fluorescence properties and stability. In this paper, orange–red organic fluorescent CuNCs are prepared using reduced glutathione both as a template and reducing agent. CuNCs are then doped into a polymer matrix of alginate and polyvinyl alcohol using the aggregation‐induced emission enhancement effect to produce a kind of easy to use fluorescent composite films. The fluorescent composite films can realize the specific detection of trace water in the organic environment, and the detection limit can reach 0.0025% (volume ratio). Compared with the pure exposed CuNCs, the fluorescence intensity is greatly improved, and more importantly, the fluorescent composite films can be used repeatedly, saving resources and environmental protection.


We investigate theoretically and experimentally the principle of a micromachined pressure sensor integrated in silicon. The optical part of the sensor consists of an imbalanced Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer. The waveguide is formed by a silicon nitride layer of high refractive index set between two cladding layers of silicon dioxide of lower refractive index. The sensing part of the device consists in a set of membranes obtained by anisotropic etching of the back face of the substrate under the reference arm. The pressure variations applied to the membrane induce a geometrical deformation of the waveguide arm and modify the optical path difference between the arms. The non-linear variation of the phase versus the applied pressure is obtained from the spectral analysis of the channeled spectrum transmitted by the interferometer. The static optical path-delay introduced between the arms allows the sensor to be introduce din a coherence modulation scheme, which can result in a remote sensor system, involving an active demodulation.


Between 1994 and 1998, I was seconded as parttime professional adviser to the Department of Health based in London. This paper describes that experience and re ̄ects upon the impressions of a clinician passing through the Government corridors of power. The opportunity arose after I had completed a period of medical management in my local hospital in Newcastle in the North East of England. I had gained a lot of experience of policy implementation both locally and regionally, and it seemed like an appropriate time to learn something about national policy making. The Mental Health Branch at that time dealt with issues about elderly people. There was a tradition of having a Geriatrician also seconded into the Department of Health and I was the ®rst Old Age Psychiatrist to be in such a position. At that time, there were two broad categories of medical civil servants. The ®rst category made a career move more or less permanently into the Civil Service whole time. A psychiatrist making such a career move would typically stay within the Mental Health Field, but other doctors might be expected to carry very varied portfolios. For example, one year they would be the expert on renal medicine, a few years later an expert in neurological conditions, and so on. Others, more like myself, were part time appointees with secondments of an upper time limit of ®ve years. The placement of doctors into branches within the Department of Health often re ̄ects public and political perceptions of priorities. For example, I seem to remember that in 1994 there were ®ve doctors working whole time in the AIDs ®eld within the Department of Health compared to one carrying the brief for older people. These Senior Medical Ocers were formally accountable to the Chief Medical Ocer, though in day to day practice they tended to relate to their Branch Head, a career civil servant.


Eleven sets of organic and inorganic coloured reduction-oxidation (coredox) reactions (organic and inorganic chemical reactions that can show change in colour brightness after undergo redox reaction) were used during these research findings. All were carried out under suitable condition in order to see if the compounds that exist as coloured compounds before reaction, after reaction or both will become brighter or darker when undergo reduction or oxidation respectively. Six sets of this reaction type which include both organic and inorganic species showed special results. In which, all the targeted species gained electrons, their oxidation number decreased in positive direction and colour of species became brighter after reaction by increased in colour brightness. While in last five sets, which also include both organic and inorganic species showed their own results in which all the targeted species donated electrons, their oxidation number increased in positive direction, colour of species became darker after reaction by decreased in colour brightness. Series and repeated number of observations (more than 20 times) were made before recording any changed in colour brightness. Therefore, for all pure form of chemical species that can undergo any one of the coloured reduction-oxidation (coredox) reaction, brightness formation of the product after reaction implies reduction while darkness, oxidation.


The chemical etching condition of CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector for neutron measurement was optimized by experiment. According to the literature and experience, three factors, i.e. solution concentration, etching time and etching temperature, mainly affect the etching results and have been tested by orthogonal design. A series of experiments were followed to reinforce and verify the orthogonal design. It is shown that under the etching condition of 5.5 mol/L NaOH-70℃-24 h the nuclear tracks generated by neutrons on CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector can be etched at best etching efficiency. The tracks have clear profile and appropriate size, and are therefore easy to be identified.


The text commemorates the fifty years of the first Regional Geography of Spain, conceived as a work of the Spanish geographical school as a textbook for university students, and a reference book for other related scientists and educated readers. The work was directed by the two great teachers of 20th-century geography, Lluis Sole Sabaris, Catalan professor of physical geography, and Manuel de Teran, a human geographer from Madrid, and was written by authors from different Spanish universities. The history of the book is made, and the following of the regional method of the French school of geography, then dominant, is discussed. The option for the division into historical regions as true geographical regions instead of natural ones is considered. It is also analyzed to what extent the work translates the great demographic and territorial changes that took place in the second half of the 20th century. It is concluded that because it is a university textbook, result of the joint work of geographers of the different parts of Spain, and belonging to a moment of transformation of the country, it is one of the books that defined an era in Spanish Geography.


To probe into the change of the coating material of polyaccharose in structure and crystallization in litchi storage at normal temperatures, a kind of coating material was produced and examined by X-ray diffractometer. The material in smallest crystallizing degree was used for litchi fresh keeping in static and transport conditions. In the static condition, the fruits of litchi were treated and put in containers in lab. In the transport conditions, the fruits of litchi were treated the same as the static and put in truck at 35-45C inside the truck for transportation; in the destination, the litchi were put in store house which kept at 26-36C, 82.5% of average humidity. It is found that crystallizing degree of the coating material increases with decreasing of molecule weight of the coating material and increasing of thickness of the coating material and storage time of litchi. The acetylation of polyaccharose could decrease crystallization of coating membrane, especially at high substitution.


PurposeCanada's population is aging and there are concerns that the welfare system may not support the increased demands on it. Integrated health and social care (IHSC) produces positive health and system outcomes but it needs to be better understood within a Canadian context. The purpose of this collective case study of three IHSC initiatives in Alberta, Ontario and Nova Scotia was to determine the factors that support successful services integration among different healthcare and social services organizations serving older adults within a Canadian context.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the Cheng and Catallo (2020) IHSC conceptual framework (CF) to guide the research. Primary data were based on key informant interviews of representatives from organizations that comprised each case and focus groups. A cross-case analysis was undertaken to determine common themes.FindingsThe cross-case analysis revealed that the three cases shared common integration and external influence factors based on the Cheng and Catallo (2020) CF. Some new factors were identified.Originality/valueThe study revealed that the Canadian context was important in influencing integration in the three cases and that there is a unique Canadian aspect to IHSC. The study offers up practical insights for government leaders and service administrators to improve IHSC for older adults. The study also identifies how the Cheng and Catallo (2020) IHSC CF can be enhanced and points to research opportunities to test the framework.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to describe the diffusion and evaluation of the smoking prevention programme "Be Smart--Don't Start", the German "Smoke Free Class Competition".

METHOD
The diffusion is described by means of numbers of participating classes and a representative population-based interview of 3,600 12-19-year-olds, which was conducted in 2005. Two controlled and two randomised controlled studies carried out in three countries (Germany, Finland and the Netherlands) with a total number of 12,812 adolescents (N of the intervention group: 8,086; N of the control group: 4,726) have been realised to evaluate the intervention.

RESULTS
In 2005 20% of all 12-15 year-olds and 9% of all 16-19-year-olds living in Germany had participated in the programme. From baseline to follow-up test 12-24 months later smoking increased by 21.78 per cent points in the control group, compared to an increase of 16.02 per cent points in the intervention group. At follow-up 27.57% of the pupils from the intervention group, and 35.91% of the pupils from the control group are actual smokers (odds ratio=0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.74).

CONCLUSIONS
Participating rate in the competition is high. The results indicate that the competition might have a short-term effect and be able to delay the onset of smoking.


Significance The treatment of fibrosis remains a critically important unmet medical need, as nearly 45% of all natural deaths in the Western world are attributed to chronic fibroproliferative disease complications. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by resident fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts. From an imaging-based screen, we identified the antifungal drug itraconazole as an inhibitor of myofibroblast transdifferentiation from multiple resident fibroblast populations. A derivative of this drug was found to inhibit fibrotic disease progression in mouse models of lung, liver, and skin fibrosis, demonstrating that inhibiting differentiation to the myofibroblast cell state is a practical strategy to treat a wide range of fibrosis-related diseases. Fibrosis, a disease in which excessive amounts of connective tissue accumulate in response to physical damage and/or inflammatory insult, affects nearly every tissue in the body and can progress to a state of organ malfunction and death. A hallmark of fibrotic disease is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix-secreting activated myofibroblasts (MFBs) in place of functional parenchymal cells. As such, the identification of agents that selectively inhibit the transdifferentiation process leading to the formation of MFBs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of diverse fibrosis-related diseases. Herein we report the development of a high throughput image-based screen using primary hepatic stellate cells that identified the antifungal drug itraconazole (ITA) as an inhibitor of MFB cell fate in resident fibroblasts derived from multiple murine and human tissues (i.e., lung, liver, heart, and skin). Chemical optimization of ITA led to a molecule (CBR-096-4) devoid of antifungal and human cytochrome P450 inhibitory activity with excellent pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in rodent models of lung, liver, and skin fibrosis. These findings may serve to provide a strategy for the safe and effective treatment of a broad range of fibrosis-related diseases.


The problem of producing high-current electron beams with relatively small lateral sizes and small velocity spread is more than a hundred years old. The continuous improvement of near-ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation sources (lasers with harmonics generators) allows significantly improving the parameters of existing electron guns. This paper discusses some problems in the development of electron guns with photocathodes and considers possible ways of using laser photocathodes in the electron guns designed at the Budker INP SB RAS.


A T-shaped rotor was presented,taking a 36 slot,8 pole surface-mounted brushless servomotor as an example,to effectively reduce the magnetic field of harmonic implications in high-speed brushless servomotor in this paper.The T-shaped main parameters and the rotor magnets were analyzed by using the Maxwell 2D and MATLAB,laying the foundation for optimal design.


electric arc in narrow-gap welding, was developed using approaches applied from models in physics of solid media. In this case, a continuous medium is regarded as a set of small volumes affected by specific conditions of force transfer. One of the forces acting on the electric arc in the penetration channel is the volume electromagnetic force, determined by the external and intrinsic magnetic fields. The intrinsic magnetic field of the arc increases the pressure in the arc column and generates a pressure gradient directed towards the increase of the column radius. This is accompanied by formation of an additional mass flow and by changes in the temperature and electrical parameters of the arc. The external longitudinal magnetic field may generate and anisotropy of heat conductivity and change the profile of temperature distribution on the strength of the electric columns. The external magnetic film, which transfers to the arc axis, will cause movement of the arc column. If the magnetic fields associated with the remnant magnetisation of the electrode and parts of the component are not examined, the external magnetic field of the arc column in welding with a stationary consumable electrode consists of two main fields: the field generated by the electrode current and the field generated by currents in parts of the component. Both fields are permanently connected together because they represent a single process determined by the passage of welding current through the electrode and the component. There is an additional factor affecting the magnetic field of the arc column: after formation of the welded joint, the weld metal and the weld zone metal are heated to higher temperatures in comparison with the parent metal of the component. This results in the occurrence of failure of electric phenomena associated with the additional flux of charge carriers caused by the temperature gradient and the transfer of heat by electric current. In this work, investigations were carried out into the magnetic field of the arc column generated by the current, flowing from a plate-shaped electrode. The intensity and distribution of the magnetic field in the arc channel are usually determined by the methods of mathematical modelling because it is difficult to solve this problem by experiments. Higher temperature and pressure in the arc gap do not make it possible to place currently available unified primary converters of the magnetic field directly in the channel. The primary converters of the magnetic field, developed specially for measuring in the conditions of the arc channel, distort the characteristics of the magnetic fields when placed in the penetration channel and greatly change the arc behaviour. The following relationships were obtained for the coordinate densities of the current of the plate-shaped electrode in the conditions of a narrow current sink (Fig. 1):


Twitter is widely used by companies to reach various stakeholders, but how they use this social media platform is still unclear. To investigate how companies use Twitter, this study analyzes the content of the Twitter accounts of four large information technology companies, focusing on the arrangement of different Twitter accounts and on message characteristics (content, message elements, and communication strategies). The results show that companies used architectures of different Twitter accounts to serve various stakeholder groups. The companies' tweets covered diverse topics within the corporate, marketing, and technical communication domains. The tweets focused more on providing information and promoting action than on facilitating dialogue.


The current field-imaginary of Caribbean Studies is driven by a set of comple‐ mentary and, at times, contradictory forces – not only along the lines of regional (ethno-)political, language, and economic differences and divisions but also in terms of the conceptual and theoretical frames with which it is approached. While it becomes increasingly difficult to assess or discuss any‐ thing like the 'state of the art' even within – precariously delineated – subfields such as Anglophone Caribbean Literary Studies or Caribbean Cultural Studies, there has been a noticeable shift in emphasis within international scholarship from 'postcolonial' to 'decolonial' terminology over the last decade. This shift is not without some irony, since it arguably was the very 'decol‐ onial' impetus and referential framework of anti-colonial movements and poli‐ tics which in many ways enabled 'postcolonial' thinking in the first place. Viewed from this angle, the 'decolonial' can be said to constitute both a precur‐ sor to and a descendant of 'postcolonial' critical approaches. Yet, they tend to be conceptualized as separate schools of thought with distinct trajectories. Postcolonialism is mainly associated with work based on the trailblazing stud‐ ies by Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (cf. Bham‐ bra 2014: 115), whom Robert Young has famously referred to as "the Holy Trin‐ ity of colonial-discourse analysis" (Young 1995: 163). The Grupo Modernidad/ Colonialidad, or "modernity/coloniality school," in turn, draws on work pro‐ duced around Immanuel Wallerstein's world-system theory as well as on criti‐ cal theory and is frequently associated with Aníbal Quijano, María Lugones, and Walter Mignolo (cf. Bhambra 2014: 115). While postcolonial and decolonial approaches both perform inquiries into the politics of knowledge production in their contestation of the colonial world order and its aftermaths across multiple modernities, decolonial thinkers emphasize their reliance on alternative episte‐ mologies and the "coloniality of power" (colonialidad del poder, cf. Quijano 2000). They tend to extend the timeframe of inquiry back to the late fifteenth century and focus their geographical orientation southwards to the context of the Americas in the plural (cf. Bhambra 2014: 219), in which the Caribbean has of course played a crucial role.


T.E technical difficuhies involved in the repair relief of both acquired and congenital valvular insufficiency a much more complicated task than the relief of valvular obstruction. Blind procedures for the correction of valvular incompetence have proved unsatisfactory, and effective correction of this condition has had to await the development of a direct-vision technique. Mitral insufficiency was one of the first acquired heart lesions to be treated using cardiac bypass with a direct-vision approach. Bigelow, Kuypers and Gunton" 2 have now reported the results of direct-vision surgery for mitral insufficiency in the first 20 consecutive patients treated at the Toronto General Hospital one and a half to two years ago. This was a selected group of patients, all with latestage, pure or predominant mitral insufficiency without calcification in the valves. All were treated by direct vision plication, or annuloplasty. In this group there were five in-hospital and four late deaths: of these two had primary recurrences of insufficiency, and one partial recurrence; the other deaths were due to causes other than recurrence of insufficiency. The one-and-a-half to two-year hospital follow-up study of the 11 surviving patients showed that all were improved, nine being classified as having very good to excellent results and two, as fair. Since recurrence of mitral insufficiency has not been a major problem, these workers considered the technique to be satisfactory and efficient. In addition, if patients with significant aortic insufficiency, advanced pulmonary hypertension, and rheumatic activity are excluded, the operative risk should be quite acceptable. In discussing the present status of mitral valve surgery, these authors state the belief that uncomplicated mitral stenosis with or without calcifica. tion is best treated by a closed or blind technique of valvuloplasty. However, the grossly calcified valve, when opened by any method, yields an unsatisfactory result. They expressed the opinion that this group of patients, together with those who have mitral insufficiency accompanied by a significant degree of calcification (all of whom are being cared for medically), must await the development of a satisfactory technique of valve replacement. It now appears that an acceptable valve replacement technique has been developed. The first successful mitral valve prosthesis was a plastic ball device designed by Starr,3 and over the past two years this has been used with some success in several centres. In the May 5, 1962 issue of this journal, Heimbecker et al.4 reported their experimental studies of tricuspid and mitral valve replacement with aortic valve homografts in dogs. These studies indicated that an aortic valve homograft may be used to replace the tricuspid or mitral valve very effectively, and excellent function of such valve replacements has been observed for as long as one and a half years. In the same publication, these authors described the first reported case of open-heart replacement of diseased human mitral valve by an aortic valve homograft. The patient, a 35-year-old man, had had two previous mitral commissurotomies for mitral stenosis. At the first operation in 1952, there was a minimal amount of calcium along the free margins of the valve cusps. Satisfactory relief continued for five years only. By 1958 the patient was considered to have developed re-stenosis. At the second operation, the valve was found to be much more heavily calcified and rigid, and showed a small amount of insufficiency as well. Again, good symptomatic improvement followed commissurotomy. Two years later, however, the patient's symptoms recurred, with shortness of breath on exertion, severe fatigue, and hemoptysis. During the few weeks preceding his admission in 1962, he had had several attacks of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and quite marked right heart failure despite adequate medical therapy. At operation in March 1962, there was dense calcification of the left atrial wall, severe valvular stenosis, and rigid cusp margins containing a lot of calcium. However, the valve ring and the body of the aortic cusp were free from calcium. The valve was split under direct vision with the mitral dilator and obvious incompetence was produced. Cusp tissue was removed anteriorly and posteriorly, and a large amount of calcium was also removed. Finally, a good orifice permitting the insertion of two fingers was obtained. The homograft aortic valve was then placed and sutured into position. The patient's immediate postoperative course was surprisingly smooth and the result was very encouraging. Unfortunately, the patient died a month after operation, of chest infection and electrolyte imbalance. At autopsy the donor cusps were found to be completely normal, in good position, and functioning well. It thus appears that mitral valve lesions, whether of the nature of stenosis or incompetence, or a combination of both, and whether complicated by significant calcification or not, are now amenable to surgical treatment. Further developments in this most difficult and rewarding field of cardiac surgery may be awaited with justifiable optimisim. F.L.


Four combinations of various growing media i.e. garden soil, canal silt, farm yard manure,  mushroom compost,  leaf mold and  poultry manure and four irrigation intervals (i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) were  trailed to investigate their effects on growth and flowers production of Amaryllis belladonna, at Horticulture Nursery of University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2012.Growing medium composed of garden soil, canal silt, and mushroom compost resulted in maximum number of flowers (5.42) per plant, length of flower stalk  (44.00 cm) and flower diameter (11.58 cm). While the medium composed of garden soil, canal silt, and leaf mold resulted in maximum flower persistency (7.58 days) whereas earlier flowering (43.50 days) was observed in amaryllis plants grown in the medium composed of garden soil, canal silt, and farm yard manure. Quick flowering (47.83 days), maximum flowers (4.50) per plant, flower stalk length (44.08 cm), flower diameter (11.67 cm), flower persistency (8.25 days) was noted at irrigation interval of 10 days. Since Mushroom compost growing media and 10 days irrigation interval interaction showed significant result among most of the parameters observed hence for better flower production growing media garden soil + canal silt + mushroom compost with 10 days irrigation interval is recommended. Keywords: Flower production, flower stalk length & diameter


Sports events have carried out comprehensive social-cultural functions, and have developed through organization and formalization by having been infiltrated deeply through all over the society. Especially, the issues that what effect sports events achieve in communities can be a very important factor in vitality and the possibility of being able to hold sports events continually, and influence significantly the purpose of holding sports events. Therefore analyzing the effect of community sports events might be a crucial task. The purpose of this study is to identify the economic, social, cultural and industrial effect of communities through sports events. The subjects of this study were spectators gathered in Daegeon World Cup Stadium to watch Samsung Housen K-league. Using convenient sampling method, 600 samples were collected, and of them, 527 samples were finally used for data analysis. Schematized questionnaires based on self-administration method were employed for the research instrument. Statistic techniques used to analyze the collected data were frequence analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. First, there was difference in economic effect of communities according to personal characteristics. Second, there was difference in social effect of communities according to personal characteristics. Third, there was difference in cultural effect of communities according to personal characteristics. Fourth, there was difference in industrial effect of communities according to personal characteristics. These results show that residents participating in sports events expect the economic, social, cultural, and industrial effect of communities. In short, they imply that sports events of communities can be used as a means of social interactional communication, and can have an effect on community development.


Spatial and temporal variations of reproduction variables of the two cyclopoid copepods Oithona nana Giesbrecht, 1893 and Oithona similis Claus, 1866 were evaluated monthly from September 2007 to August 2008 in four ponds at different salinities in the solar saltern of Sfax, Tunisia, under hypersaline conditions. Along the salinity gradient the abundance of O. nana and O. similis declined from 14,900 ± 15,200 ind. m-3 (A1) to 6,800 ± 7,200 (C31) and from 13,800 ± 17,100 ind. m-3 (A1) to 3,700 ± 5,800 (C31), respectively. The findings showed that the abundance of these Oithona species, particularly the ovigerous females, was positively correlated with the abundance of Diatomeae, and negatively correlated with salinity. The egg production rate (EPR), the egg diameter, the clutch size, as well as the cephalothorax length of mature females, were all negatively correlated with salinity and positively correlated with the abundance of Diatomeae. Along the existing salinity gradient, the EPR decreased from 4.7 ± 0.39 (A1) to 3.2 ± 0.13 (C31) eggs female-1 day-1 and from 5.19 ± 0.46 (A1) to 3.66 ± 0.05 (C31) eggs female-1 day-1 for O. nana and O. similis, respectively, and this could mainly be attributed to the hypersaline conditions. The positive relationship between the abundance of Diatomeae with all traits shows, that these may be a vital component of the diet for the investigated species. The reduction of body size of Oithona along the salinity gradient demonstrates that such a character could mainly be due to a network of causes, related with the confinement and not only to salinity.


FOURTEEN years ago the late Dr. Joseph Brennemann addressed this society on "The Menace of Psychiatry." 1 With the wit and graceful phraseology of which he was master, he discussed the dangers of child psychiatry in the hands of amateurs. What he said fourteen years ago remains true today: There are still too many mothers playing psychologist to their children. Some experiences of mine along this line can, I am sure, be matched by those of any pediatrician. Recently a mother called to ask a question about her 5 week old baby. The patient had been referred to me by a psychiatrically minded pediatrician who had entered the armed forces. The mother said that for the past three days her baby had been crying during the late afternoon. She wanted to know whether she had not started to socialize the baby a little too early. Another mother stopped the breast


BACKGROUND: Perianal dermatitis (PD) is a recurrent problem for patients after an Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) for Ulcerative Colitis. PD occurs frequently in the initial 12 months when pouch adaptation occurs and pouch function improves. No studies have looked at the incidence, severity, contributing and alleviating factors and quality of life when PD occurs. Aim: To identify the characteristics (occurrence and severity), perceived contributing and alleviating factors and quality of life of patients with PD after IPAA for UC. METHODS: This was a prospective quantitative study of 20 Ulcerative Colitis patients 18 years and older who agreed to participate and had undergone the IPAA between November 2009 to November 2010 at a large academic medical center. The participants completed a validated self- administered questionnaire on pouch function and PD factors, quality of life and recorded dietary intake and stool characteristics each day they experienced PD and 7 days prior to scheduled visits at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months as routine surveillance. At each scheduled visit the investigator took a picture of the perianal area to confirm the presence or absence of PD and used an Incontinent Associated Dermatitis Scale (IADS) to assess location and severity. RESULTS: Twenty patients, 15 male and 5 female, mean age 36.7 ± 11.8 years experienced PD within the first year. Four (20) patients were handsewn anastomosis. The majority of the patients 15(75%) experienced daily episodes of PD in the first month while 5(25%) had 1–3 episodes a week. The number of patients with daily episodes of PD steadily decreased by 3 months 12(60%); 6 months 5(25%); 9 months 2(10%) and 12 months 1(5%) but a third 7(35%) of patients had no PD after nine months. Four patients with prolonged daily PD were done handsewn. Of the 20 patients who experienced PD, 17(85%) had no skin loss, 3(15%) had skin loss with a red shade of skin tone. Of the 110 episodes of PD, frequent stools 47(42.4%), liquid stool 39(31.6%), frequent wiping 35(31.6) and leakage of stool 15 (14.4) were perceived as contributing factors and use of moisture barrier creams 58(52.5%) and hygiene with use of wet wipes 26 (23.5) were perceived as alleviating factors to PD. Quality of life was negatively reported in 88(110) episodes with PD. CONCLUSIONS: PD is a recurrent problem that negatively impacts quality of life and occurs multiple times within the first year after an IPAA. The frequency of PD decreases incrementally over time as pouch function and adaptation improves and patients develop an awareness of the contributing and alleviating factors to the development of PD. Early detection and treatment of PD with assessment of pouch function by providers, as well as, patient education on the contributing and alleviating factors to PD may be helpful to decrease the occurrence and severity of PD and improve the IPAA patient's quality of life within the first year. Nurse Implications: Advanced Practice Nurse led pouch clinics to frequently surveillance for PD and nurses role in educating on PD and the contributing and alleviating factors.


We assessed whether fraction SX derived from maitake mushroom could play a beneficial role in the treatment of a laboratory model of type-1 diabetes by decreasing circulating glucose levels and lowering blood pressure (BP). We injected 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (i.p.) into 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) to produce a laboratory model of type-1 diabetes. SD were divided into four groups of 12 SD. A control group ate straight pulverized rat chow. To three treatment groups, we added into the pulverized rat chow: gliclazide (10 mg/kg), pioglitazone (10-30 mg/kg), or maitake SX (2.5 g/kg). In addition to measuring BW, circulating glucose level, and BP, the following procedures were also carried out: insulin challenge (insulin sensitivity), losartan challenge (renin-angiotensin system activity), Nw-nitro-L arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (LNAME) challenge (nitric oxide [NO] system activity), and evaluation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. All treatments compared with control generally decreased circulating glucose levels, but only the maitake SX consistently enhanced measured insulin sensitivity. We found that maitake SX could significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in diabetic SD. In general, only SD receiving maitake SX, not the two drugs, showed decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and increased NO system activity compared with control under the conditions examined. Our results suggest that maitake SX may be useful for treating perturbations in glucose-insulin metabolism and elevated BP in type-1 diabetes.


The present revision covers all known species of the genus Lepidastheniella Monro, 1924 (i.e. Lepidastheniella comma (Thomson, 1902), L. phillippensis Monro, 1924 and L. monroi Benham, 1950). The comparison of the available type material showed that L. monroi is a junior synonym of L. comma and that specimens from a collection of scale worms from off Shimoda (Japan) belong to the new species L. nishii sp. nov. described herein. The generic diagnosis of Lepidastheniella is emended and an identification key to all valid species given. Additionally, the subfamily affiliation of Lepidastheniella is discussed, distinctive characters of all genera belonging to the subfamily Lepidastheniinae Pettibone, 1989 are described, and an identification key to these genera is given.


Description: Modern electronic systems consist of a fairly heterogeneous set of components. Today, a single system can be constituted by a hardware platform, frequently composed of a mix of analog and digital components, and by several software application layers. The hardware can include several heterogeneous microprocessors (e.g. GPP, DSP, GPU, etc.), dedicated ICs (ASICs and/or FPGAs), memories, a set of local connections between the system components, and some interfaces between the system and the environment (sensors, actuators, etc.). Therefore, on the one hand, multi-processor embedded systems are capable of meeting the demand of processing power and flexibility of complex applications. On the other hand, such systems are very complex to design and optimize, so that the design methodology plays a major role in determining the success of the products. For these reasons, to cope with the increasing system complexity, the approaches typically used today are oriented towards co-design methodologies working at the higher levels of abstraction. Unfortunately, such methodologies are typically customized for the specific application, suffer of a lack of generality and still need a considerable effort when real-size project are envisioned. Therefore, there is still the need for a general methodology able to support the designer during the high-level steps of a co-design flow, enabling an effective design space exploration before tackling the low-level steps and thus committing to the final technology. This should prevent costly redesign loops.


Despite the well documented problems in public health, Australia can still claim a system that offers universal access to quality health care. The use of public money, however, to support private health insurance is draining valuable resources from medicare. (non-author abstract)


Objective:To study the possible therapeutic effect of bFGF on the repairing process of necrosis of the femoral head induced by liquid nitrogen in rabbits.Methods:Osteonecrosis in the left femoral head was induced by freezing with liquid nitrogen in 24 common rabbits which were allocated randomly into the test and control groups.bFGF was in jected in the test group from admist the operation to after the operation 2?4?6 days,Four rabbits in the test group and control groups each were sacrificed successively at 2?4?8 weeks after operation.Results:Bone density study revealed that the relative bone density was significantly increased in the test group compared with that of the control group after four weeks by computer assisted X ray film analysis.There was more new bone formation in the test group than that in the control group.Conclusion:Basic fibroblast growth factor has apparently promotion effect on the repairing process of liquid nitrogen induced necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.


ABSTRACT This paper presents two classes of networks whose Thevenin equivalents are interesting. One class of networks is without any independent source. The other class has loop or node method-based delta 0. If proper care is not taken, then their Thevenin equivalent resistances may result in indeterminate forms. A method, which not only leads the correct value instead of such indeterminate forms but also is efficient, is proposed. It is illustrated with two examples.


The study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effects of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts or fractions of ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri on low density lipoprotein(LDL) and ethanol extract was further fractionated. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant effect with 71.7% (13.36 nmol/mg) and 95% (1.35 nmol/mg) inhibition in the presence of , respectively. In the value of malondialdehyde(MDA) with oxidation time, ethanol, methanol and water extract in the presence of inhibited the oxidation up to 4h incubation and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant effect up to 8h incubation. Also, the ethanol, methanol and water extract showed antioxidant effects in the agarose gel electrophoresis test. The conjugated diene formation by lipid oxidation with addition of in the Ligularia fischeri extracts and their fractions was decreased approximately 1.1 to 2.8 times and 2.2 to 3.2 times, respectively compared to control. In the degradation of apo B-100 by oxidation using SDS-PAGE, ethanol, methanol and water extract showed similar degradation band pattern compared to that of native LDL band. Apo B-100 contents using densitometer were 77.8, 92.5% and 82.3% in the ethanol, methanol and water extract, respectively, compared to 100% of native LDL. In the meanwhile, apo B-100 contents in hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction were 38.8, 94.5 and 65.5% respectively. This results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant effect on MDA value or apo B-100 contents of LDL.


Microbial phytases, especially from fungal and bacterial sources, have received much attention as food additives in human nutrition and as feed supplements for monogastric animals. An effective expression screening method for recombinant production of this enzyme on a small scale is industrially desirable. An effort has been made in this work to clone and express phytase genes from Aspergillus sp. and Escherichia coli with the selected host, vector and inducer combination. Albeit the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies by fungal phytase, recombinant E. coli appA was effectively expressed in a cost-effective manner in the periplasm of BL21plysS using an inducer concentration of 0.01 mM in 4 h of growth. Enzyme was purified in three consecutive steps and functional studies were carried out.


The invention relates to a microorganism cleaning bactericide capable of removing multiple poisonous and harmful substances and a preparation method thereof. The microorganism cleaning bactericide comprises the mixture of compound balsamic extract liquor and the fermentation product of compound microbial bacterium system protospecies liquid in an industrial fermentation culture solution. The invention utilizes the high-efficiency adsorption, assimilation and metabolism of the microbial bacterium system to purify and treat aldehydes, benzenes, alcohols, esters, phenols, amines, alkanes, sulfur-containing substances, TVOC, putrefying bacteria secreta, obnoxious gases of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria secreta and the like, or the harmful substances of the solution thereof by the degradation and decomposition processes; harmful substances, such as formaldehyde, benzene, volatile organic compounds and the like in environment, which are released by housing decoration, office furniture and new car decoration, are converted into nontoxic, harmless and scentless substances; and meanwhile, the invention also performs the functions of sterilization to the pathogenic bacteria and the secreta thereof and realizes the targets of thoroughly improving air quality and protecting the health of people.


Objective To evaluate the improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of ureteral calculi by ultrasonography. Methods The upper,middle and lower parts of ureters of 207 patients with ureteral calculi were detected by ultrasound in varied postures and methods. During examination the emphasis was put on the middle and lower parts of the ureter. For unclear images of middle and lower ureteral calculi, the oral rapid developer for cystodiaphanoscopy was taken by the patients and bandage stick adding balloon of sphygmoma-nometer belt pressure check-up was applied for re-examination. Results With these methods, the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis was 100% in 68 cases of the upper ureteral calculi, 98% in 95 cases of the middle ureteral calculi (93/95) and 98% in 44 cases of the lower ureteral calculi (43/44) , respectively. Conclusions By means of these methods, the ureteral calculi can be well displayed, and the ultrasonographic diagnostic accuracy can be improved. They are valuable methods for detecting ureteral calculi.


The present invention relates to a vinyl polymer cross-linked foamed molded article produced, which is that the cross-linked foamed article measured at a temperature of 60 ℃, 50% compressive deformation, the compressive deformation occurs under conditions of 1800 seconds of measuring time, measurement of the stress cross-linked foamed molded article relaxation, a relaxation elastic modulus using the measurement of stress relaxation obtained and determined crosslinking density is 0.30mol / kg of the vinyl polymer cross-linked foamed molded article prepared. Further, the present invention relates to a method of measuring crosslinking density of the foamed molded article made of a thermoplastic polymer cross-linking, having the following steps: a thermoplastic polymer cross-linked foamed molded article prepared is heated to a predetermined temperature step; on holding at a predetermined temperature of the thermoplastic polymer cross-linked foamed molded article produced pressure is applied to the cross-linked foamed article is compressed and deformed while the cross-linked foamed molded compressive deformation amount is kept constant, while measuring the cross-linked foam molding a step stress relaxation member; obtaining relaxation modulus Gc from the stress relaxation step, here, Gc is the modulus of elasticity of the stress of the cross-linked foamed article becomes constant; and using the following equation from the Gc step above prepared crosslinked thermoplastic polymer foam crosslink density. n = Gc / RTn: crosslink density R: gas constant T: measurement temperature.


We experimentally studied a wavelength-reuse method in a wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) employing differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and on-off keying (OOK) in the down-stream and the upstream, respectively. After bidirectional transmission over a 10km fiber, the performance of the upstream transmission was affected by the downstream signal through fiber dispersion.


This presentation outlines a personal strategy that has helped to secure 11 contracts in the past three years – for five monographs, one international recording release, and five musical scores – to be published in the US, the UK and Australia, intended as allowing maximum breadth and flexibility for any potential REF entry, while also retaining a sense of overall coherence. Includes visual and audio examples.


The paper introduces an effective coagulant and its application to the waste water of dying and printing. The coagulant is more effective to the decolority of the waste water than PAC. The new complex coagulant PACRES is a compound of basic solutions of polyaluminumchloride containing race earth and sulfur element. The application of race-earth-containing basic solutions of polyaluminumchloride to the waste water of dying and printing makes great effects of 90 percent of the decolority and 65 percent of the decreasing of CODc, with the amount of half or two-thirds of PAC.


Page Order: Piece 1 is a Reverse Folder.
Page Order: Reverse Folder
Available also through the Library of Congress web site in two forms: as facsimile page images and as full text in SGML.
Printed Ephemera Collection; Portfolio 173, Folder 25a.


High temperature resistant composite material of prototype was prepared by mixing clay and mullite powder,and PVA was used as a binder.Through analysis of mechanical properties,baking shrinkage and microstructure,it showed that the prepared high temperature resistant prototype composite material has high bending strength,low baking shrinkage,and is suitable for directly and rapidly manufacturing high temperature resistant prototype.


By analyzing the relevant literature both at home and abroad,the paper constructs structural equation model to explore the relationship between the community participation of rural tourism,residents' perceived tourism impact and sense of community involvement.Taking Anji in Zhejiang Province as an example,the paper conducts parameter estimation and hypothetic testing by adopting AMOS7.0 software.The results indicate that community participation has significantly positive impact on tourism perception and sense of community involvement.Its path coefficient is between 0.173-0.606 and t-values range from 2.042 to 9.954,with significance probability P less than 0.001or 0.05.The causal relationship eatablished by the model is consistent with study hypostheses.The model can be acceptable.Meanwhile,relevant suggestions about the development of rural tourism are put forward to facilitate sustained development of rural tourism.


Objective To explore the prognostic capacity of RALE scoring system in children with hematologic malignancies complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of 57 ARDS child patients complicated with hematologic malignancies in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2018. According to the therapeutic outcome within 28 days, they were divided into survival group (n=23) and non-survival group (n=34). The clinical features of the two groups were compared, and the relativity between RALE score and oxygenation index (P/F value) and the prognostic capacity of RALE score for ARDS were analyzed. Results For the 57 child patients, the D1 P/F value was lower in non-survival group [116.0(70.0, 192.0)] than in the survival group [189.5(136.5, 251.3)], while the D1 pedicatic risk of mortality score (PRISM) Ⅲ, D1 RALE score and D3-D1 RALE score were higher in non-survival group [10.0(8.0, 16.0), 27.0(25.0, 37.0) and 5(0, 8), respectively] than in the survival group [7.6(4.0, 13.4), 24.0(13.8, 35.3) and –3.5(–7, 1), respectively]. The D1 RALE score was negatively correlated with the D1 P/F value (r=–0.831, P<0.001). A larger value of D3-D1 RALE score was an independent risk factor for 28 day mortality. The survival rate was higher in children when D1 RALE score ≤23 and the D3-D1 RALE score ≤–3 at D28. Conclusion The RALE score can reflect the oxygenation status of ARDS, which is helpful for risk stratification and screening the high-risk patients.

DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.02.05


Background  Psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis are common erythematous‐squamous dermatoses that may present with scaly erythematous patches on the scalp. Owing to the similar clinicopathological features of these dermatoses, their differentiation poses a diagnostic challenge, particularly when the lesions on the scalp are isolated.


Rat epididymal spermatozoa, pretreated in media containing various high concentrations of NaCI for 10 mm, were used for in vitro fertilization of eggs obtained from immature rats. Although the proportions of penetrated eggs with enlarged sperm head were increased by treatment of spermatozoa in media containing 118.9 (357 mosmolal) to 138.9 mM NaCI (397 mosmolal), the proportions of penetrated eggs were the same whether spermatozoa were treated in isotonic or slightly hypertonic solution. Treatment of spermatozoa in medium containing higher than 158.9 mM NaCI (437 mosmolal) not only inhibits their fertilizing ability but also their motility.


This paper shows how a real-time simulator of moving pictures compression algorithms can be rapidly assembled using a basic building block, here called MOVIE (MOdule for Video Experimentation). The internal architecture of the MOVIE VLSI chip can be compared to a small systolic machine made of a 32-bit I/O processor, a reduced linear array of 16-bit computation processors and data video input/output mechanisms. Externally, the chip is provided with four 16-bit bidirectional data ports and three 16-bit bidirectional data video port. Several MOVIE chips can be easily clustered to allow the size of the linear array of computation processors to be increased. The MOVIE chip is fully programmable in a high level language in order to make program developments easier.


As an ideal, democracy has long been understood as a balance between oligarchy and ochlocracy. In practice, this balancing act has to be articulated within specific socio cultural contexts. This essay examines one such articulation in the discursive response to the assassination of President McKinley in 1901 at the hands of self-proclaimed anarchist Leon Czolgosz. It does so by understanding McKinleyapos;s death as domestic trauma—a shocking event that threatened the nation's democratic identity. In response to this traumatic event, this essay ultimately argues a rationalizing discourse emerged that scapegoated the shooter as a weak-minded immigrant and offered a vision of democracy that required citizens have the fitness to rise above group identities and passions and take on the sober-minded responsibility of self-governance.


The reaction {sup 3}He({ital e},{ital e}{prime}{ital d}){ital p} was measured at four-momentum transfer {ital q}=420 MeV, for proton recoil momentum {ital P}{sub {ital r}}=22, 54, and 62 MeV/{ital c}, in parallel deuteron kinematics. Longitudinal ({ital L}) and transverse ({ital T}) response functions were obtained by means of Rosenbluth separations. The separated response functions are, respectively, found to be dominated by the contributions of isoscalar and isovector two-body currents. The {ital L}/{ital T} ratios are about 3.5. This is an order of magnitude lower than that for elastic scattering on a free deuteron, or what would be expected for a purely isoscalar transition, but approximately agrees with what is theoretically expected for isoscalar plus isovector contributions. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The field of road safety improvement is developing a foundation in science, with knowledge based on high-caliber research studies instead of on conventional wisdom and observation of practice. A study committee appointed by the National Research Council has developed recommendations on the processes for establishing research priorities, coordinating research activities, and improving research quality.


The role and the place of a word dictation as one of the main elements of the learning process within the practical English studies for the students of non-linguistic specializations were analyzed in the article. The efficiency of this methodic mean, based on its practical using, was evaluated.


Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, accounting for approximately 15,000 deaths per year. Chemotherapeutic drugs are initially very effective, but more than 80% of patients whose tumors initially respond to chemotherapeutics will relapse within two years with drug‐resistant, terminal disease. Understanding the molecular changes that ovarian cancer cells undergo to gain the ability to survive in the presence of DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutics is critical to develop therapies for chemoresistant cancers. Our studies are focused on the protein Regulator of G‐protein Signaling protein 10 (RGS10), which we have shown is critical in maintaining sensitivity to cisplatin‐induced cell death. Analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrates that expression of RGS10 is suppressed during progression to chemoresistance. Further, we show that acute loss of RGS10 expression directly induces chemoresistance. RGS10 is a nucleo‐cytoplasmic protein with unknown nuclear functions. In order to define the mechanism of RGS10's role in chemoresistance, we probed the functional interaction between RGS10 and the nucleo‐cytoplamic tumor suppressor protein Bridging Integrator 1 protein (BIN1). Our results reveal a functional interaction between RGS10 and BIN1. The ability of BIN1 to regulate cell survival in the presence of cisplatin is partially reversed by normalizing RGS10 expression levels. The mechanism of suppression of RGS10 during chemoresistance is not fully understood, but includes recruitment of histone deacetylase enzymes. To explore upstream signaling that may trigger loss of RGS10 expression, we further determined if there exists an effect of BIN1 expression on RGS10 expression. Our results show that manipulation of BIN1 expression in cancer cells acutely regulates RGS10 expression. Together, our results suggest that the expression and function of RGS10, a novel regulator of ovarian cancer cell survival, is modulated by the established tumor suppressor protein BIN1. Ongoing work will further define the molecular mechanisms linking these two regulator proteins.


Both cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are noninvasive methods to estimate arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CAVI or baPWV is superior as an index of arterial stiffness. One hundred and thirty patients with chest pain syndrome who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) were included in this study. We obtained intima-media-thickness (IMT) and the stiffness parameter β of the carotid artery by carotid ultrasounds (CU). The peak early diastolic velocity (E), deceleration time of E (EDCT), peak atrial systolic velocity (A) of transmitral flow and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were obtained by echocardiography. CAVI, baPWV, total cholesterol (T-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were measured before CAG. There was a significant correlation between CAVI and baPWV (r=0.64, p <0.01). Both CAVI and baPWV were significantly correlated with age, IMT and β (age: r = 0.64, p<0.01 for CAVI, and r=0.48, p<0.01 for baPWV; IMT: r=0.40, p<0.01, and r=0.31, p<0.01; β: r=0.36, p<0.01 and r=0.25, p<0.01). However, only CAVI was correlated with the parameters of left ventricular diastolic indices from echocardiography (E/A: r=0.44, p<0.01; EDCT: r=0.36, p<0.01). Additionally, LDL-C and T-C/HDL-C were also associated with only CAVI (LDL-C: r=0.26, p<0.02; T-C/HDL-C: r=0.30, p<0.01), not baPWV. Finally, only CAVI was significantly higher in the group with angina pectoris than in the normal group (9.708±1.423 vs. 9.102±1.412; p=0.0178). All parameters associated with atherosclerosis suggested that CAVI was superior to baPWV as a parameter of arterial stiffness.


Cadmium is a nonessential heavy metal that is found in many common items such as batteries, pigments, wheat, and tobacco, and is known to cause nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and osteotoxicity. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that cadmium exposure leads to an accumulation of mutations by disrupting the DNA repair activities of mismatch repair proteins and polynucleotide kinase, as well as by creating reactive oxygen species in the cell. In response to heavy metal exposure, organisms such as bacteria, plants, and animals express metallothionein (MT). MT is rich in cysteine residues, promoting binding to divalent metal cations such as zinc and cadmium. MT has a very slow evolution rate and the cysteine residues are conserved throughout species, indicating that it is essential for life, yet the exact residues where metals bind are unknown. Metal‐binding sites were identified by a three‐dimensional model of rabbit metallothionein‐1A built by predictive protein databases based on homologous structures. Metal‐binding fluorophores were used to quantify the amount of cadmium, zinc, magnesium, and manganese bound to different constructs of MT. Locating binding site mutations in MT is the first step to identifying mutant proteins and correcting function. In addition to identifying the metal‐binding sites in rabbit MT‐1, this project will allow us to use this methodology to locate binding sites in other proteins that are not structurally characterized as well as MT.


Abstract The funding constraints on large colleges and universities are becoming tighter as time passes. Because of this increasing problem, better management of our large and complex educational institutions is becoming an evermore important task. A necessary input for good management in such institutions is the demand by the students on various teaching units which compose the institution. This paper addresses itself to this aspect of the management problem and deals specifically with student instructional demand on the system. A student-credit flow model was constructed to provide this demand information. For expository purposes a hypothetical model was constructed and used to demonstrate the various kinds of information available from the model that can be used to make management decisions. This student-credit flow model is a version of Leontiefs Input-Output Model. Student-credits are the specific flow units in the model. The model also has a number of special characteristics peculiar to it. These ch...


The problem of the managing objective,as perplexed most of the enterprises nowadays,severely affects their growth.The right objective,as this paper argues,is to make the enterprise more powerful,which is essential in the development of strong competitive ability and prosperous vitality. powerful enterprises are characterized by advanced technology,scientific management,simplified but efficient personnel and staff and sufficient capital.For the accomplishment of such an objective,an excellent leadership has to be had,the construction of systems to be strengthened and a good environment to be created in terms of the enterprise concerned.


Study of strange particles produced at (sub)threshold energies in nucleus-nucleus collisions can deliver insights into fundamental questions about the in-medium properties of hadrons in dense baryonic matter. Many theoretical calculations for the production and propagation of strangeness at SIS energies lead to various predictions concerning the existence and the magnitude of in-medium effects for strange particles in nuclear matter. FOPI measured the flow of strange particles in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.93A GeV and the results are compared with transport models which are favorable to in-medium effect.


Where did you perform your intern-ship/residency and what field of specialization did you choose? I attended the Sackler Medical School of Tel Aviv University in Israel. As part of the hospital rotations I trained at Internal Medicine Department E at the Sheba Medical Center, the largest hospital in Israel. I was captivated by the internal medicine discipline and its complete consideration of the whole patient, and there was no question in my mind that this was the physician I wanted to become. I was drawn to the excellence of Internal Medicine Department E, and to the quality of the people within it, and was lucky to eventually complete my four-year residency there. I was honored to be part of the amazing legacy and group of outstanding physicians on that ward, who educated me as a physician and as a person, and instilled in me the best medical roots possible. From that point on I always feel as though Drs Farfel, Pauzner, Mouallem, and Mayan are walking with me in the hospital halls, no matter where in the world I am. It is an amazing and empowering feeling. In my internship year, during the rotation in pediatrics, I had a 4-y-old patient with AIDS who was failing antiretrovi-ral therapy with no remaining treatment options. I remember reading day and night about this new syndrome, about this patient's situation and of the then-new medication stavudine (d4T) that had been approved by the US FDA a few months earlier. Watching the evolution of a recently discovered medical condition and the progress made on it in real-time to advance knowledge and help save lives of patients affected by it, were exciting. This convinced me, perhaps subconsciously initially , of my interest in this virus. During residency, I continued to take care of HIV-infected patients as they would increasingly be admitted. I spent my research time in Prof Jonathan Gershoni's HIV research laboratory and set up an assay to identify the then recently-described CCR5 delta 32 deletion, which confers resistance to HIV infection, and examined its occurrence in different HIV-infected populations. Our findings of its highest prevalence in Ashkenazi Jews and its effect of a slower progression to AIDS in heterozygous patients with hemophilia were my first exposures to HIV research that greatly augmented my clinical experience and scientific curiosity. The path from there to my interest in an infectious diseases fellowship was paved. What …


In order to enhance students' practice ability and innovative ability,the nniversity consructed a provineial-level demonstaion laboratory teaching center,which serves to carry on "excellent engineers"talents training program.This article summarized the phase results of the construction,put forward the constuction idea of system-based practice platfore and discussed the improvement of experimental teaching method and the construction of experimental teachers team.


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Introduction Preventing child abuse and neglect spares children physical and psychological pain and improves their long-term health outcomes. Dubowitz (2002) noted that prevention "is intuitively and morally preferable to intervening after the fact." Therefore, the potential for harm to adults from child maltreatment calls us to action. Early intervention may be more effective in preventing abuse and neglect, may save money for society, and may improve peoples' overall health and well-being, perhaps the most important goals a society can accomplish.


A series of uranyl complexes have been synthesized by reacting hexadentate ligands CH2[COO (CH2)nCAM; , 3, 4]2 [CAM = 2,3-Ph(OH)2CONH] containing the catecholamide (CAM) group and β-diketonates framework with uranyl nitrate. They were characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, XPS, TGA, and elemental analysis. The analysis revealed that oxygen atom of β-diketonate did not bind to uranyl ion in complexes 1–3. The photocatalytic degradation properties of the target complexes for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) were investigated. The result indicated that approximately 74%, 71%, and 67% RhB were degraded in the presence of complexes 1–3 after about 210 min, respectively. Consequently, complexes 1–3 have excellent photocatalytic degradation property.


Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are argued to be a significant benefit to the electric utility grid. While DERs generate significant benefits to their owners and as well as society, the compensation and operating structure of the distribution system of most utilities is such that DERs result in minimal benefits to the distribution system. As we show, the benefits correctly attributed to the distribution company (the wires company) are a function of what service (real, reactive power) the DER is able to provide, when and where, and at what level of certainty the DER is able to provide the service. We introduce the concepts of Marginal Cost of Capacity (MCC) and Locational Marginal Value (LMV) in the calculation of the value of DERs to the distribution system.


Accurate real-time estimation of a distance to the nearest bed boundary simplifies the steering of directional wells. For estimation of that distance, we propose an approach of pointwise inversion of resistivity data using neural networks based on two-layer resistivity formation model. The model parameters are determined from the tool responses using a cascade of neural networks. The first network calculates the resistivity of the layer containing the tool measure point. The subsequent networks take as input the tool responses and the model parameters determined with the previous networks. All networks are trained on the same synthetic database. The samples of that database consist of the pairs of model parameters and corresponding noisy tool responses. The results of the proposed approach are close to the results of the general inversion algorithm based on the method of the most-probable parameter combination. At the same time, the performance of the proposed inversion is several orders faster.


A surface energy-balance computer is described. This is fed with such information as dry- and wet-bulb temperatures and temperature differences in the vertical (in the form of fine wire thermocouple outputs) and wind speed differences. The psychrometric equation is solved automatically to yield a vapour-pressure difference and the latent-heat term is then computed on the basis of an aerodynamic equation. The sensible-heat term is similarly made available. The net flux of radiation and the soil-heat flux are also recorded. A determination of each of these four fluxes is made once per minute and the values are integrated and presented on counters which are photographed at desired intervals, the smallest interval so far used being 20 min. Results indicate that for periods of an hour or more the 'positive' and 'negative' terms in the surface-heat balance equation so obtained, agree to about 10 per cent except when the heat storage in the first two cm of soil, of which no account is taken, is obviously changing. The only complete 24 hr observational period so far covered indicates a daily balance to a fraction of a mw hr cm−2. Over approximately 80 hr observations, which were not continuous but contained about an equal number of daylight and dark hours, a balance to better than 1 per cent was obtained. A further result, which requires additional confirmation, is that the daily water loss from the centre of an extensive short-grass area which has an ample water supply may be obtained for all practical purposes by measuring the total net radiation and assuming that all is used in the evaporative process. It becomes obvious that if hourly mean values of the profiles of temperature, humidity and wind are used to compute the evaporation then, in general, the results will be in error by up to about 20 per cent, although daily totals may be more accurate than this. The machine as it stands is not reliable for continuous operation owing to the use of a number of electro-mechanical devices which are required to work under conditions for which they were not designed. Some improvements will be required before reliable continuous operation becomes possible.


This paper mainly focuses on the study of importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in banking sector, role of FDI in South Indian Bank (SIB) and its operational efficiency as a result of FDI. The analysis is done on the basis of secondary data. The operational efficiency of the bank is studied on the basis of productivity and profitability. The statistical tools used for testing of hypothesis are Regression analysis, Anova and Coefficients of Variance. This study found that the productivity and profitability of South Indian Bank is directly related to the inflow of FDI into the bank. More liberalisation of rules and regulations of banking sector would bring better growth in this sector like some other sectors, such as Construction and Development, Telecom Sector, Automobile Industry etc, who enjoys hundred percentage FDI. Keywords--FDI, SIB, Operational efficiency etc.


This paper examined industrial waste management practices in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A mixed method was used in carrying out the study as it involved surveys as well the use of GIS for site suitability. A total of 200 copies of the questionnaire were administered by adopting simple random sampling and used for the analysis. A simple lab test was conducted and findings revealed that there is a wide variation in the levels of zinc and nickel availability, though within the standards for drinking water, suggesting a change in water quality at various locations. High mercury levels in one of the samples are a reason for concern. It was recommended based on the findings amongst others that awareness and education regarding appropriate waste management, including collection and disposal, is essential for all construction workforces and should be provided by firms, in conjunction with the industry, The study recommends that the Kaduna State Government should consider measures, such as the introduction of regulatory policy, including site waste management plan (SWMP), Pay-As-YouThrow (PAYT), and landfill ban to divert material wastes from landfills. PPUV is a Pay-Per-Unit volume of waste generated and its purpose is to reduce waste and encourage reuse and recycling management of industries needs to change the misconception that landfilling is a cheaper option when compared to reuse and recycling. The design team should adopt effective design minimization measures, while other professionals are to ensure efficient waste reduction approaches.


This work is partially supported :From 2012 Yunnan Education Science Science Planning Project topic (Y12026) support Abstract The campus sports culture as an important form of physical form, increasingly emerge in the sports field, this paper, literature, law and logic analysis traceable to the campus sports culture and national traditional sports culture concept, connotation, and mutual integration prospects for analysis of reading, the last draw relevant conclusions and recommendations aimed at traditional sports culture, heritage and development suggestions. Index Terms national traditional sports culture on campus


Previous research revealed that influence function is strongly influenced the appropriateness of pavement damage prediction and are demanding to be concern in order for better prediction of long term pavement performance. In order to identify the impact of traffic loading condition on the influence function of the pavement toward failure, further stucdy was done to determine the exponential value in the Damage Equivalent Law for varies loading condition and also vehicle speeds. To achieve the aims, the simple quarter truck model was efficiently used with personal computers to predict pavement loading. Towards reality of traffic loading condition will contain a distribution of axles load between unladen and fully laden, the study was further taking into account realistic axle load variation. Results are presented from a study to evaluate the relative influence of truck speed and axle load variation on the stiffness of the asphaltic layer and thus the primary response of the pavement. In conclusion, the exponential value in the Equivalent Damage Law is clearly sensitive to both factor.


The studies presented in this thesis were designed to examine the unfolding of events when an individual is faced with a stressful challenge, by monitoring subjective mood, attention to emotional stimuli, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stress. It was hypothesized that participants would selectively attend to negative words (study 1) and pictures (study 2) following an aversive stressful experience, and that the attentional response to stress would mediate mood and HPA reactivity. Stress induction was achieved by means of a competitive Stroop task with monetary rewards where participants either repeatedly lost (negative stressor) or won (positive stressor) against a confederate. Participants then performed a spatial cueing task assessing attentional shifts towards and away from emotional and neutral stimuli. The results of these studies can be summarized by three major findings. Contrary to predictions, participants selectively avoided negatively-valenced pictures and words. This attentional avoidance response was associated with effective emotional and HPA regulation, suggesting that avoidance in this context may be adaptive as a coping response to stress. Second, stress-induced changes in processing efficiency or alertness, resulting in a wide-scope and flexible attentional style, were also observed, and this too may facilitate adaptive coping. Finally, participants with mild symptoms of depression and anxiety exhibited different patterns of response to stress than euthymic subjects, several characteristics of which may indicate a vulnerability to psychopathology. In effect, the results of these studies provide a possible model of how healthy participants cope with mild stress, and point to an attentional mechanism of emotion regulation that facilitates the maintenance of goal-directed behaviour.


In this paper,a novel ZCS quasi-resonant inverter power with asymmetrical half-bridge topology is presented,and the calculating method of resonant elements is given.The results of computer simulation show that the inverter power is with the advantages of wide soft-switching range and high efficiency.


The growth and rapid adoption of the
Internet has greatly changed how all organizations
deal with their respective stakeholders. As the move
from administrative operations to service operations
accelerates, e- government Network Platform is a
solution to transform the way they do business and
services. As well know, the E-government is a
website that provides reliable content based on a
strong infrastructure of a digital network,
application servers and internet, an extensive
database and other supporting services. It requires
more advanced and secure e-Government networks
to protect data from growing security threats and
risks. Threats include unauthorized access to
resources, malicious damage, and data intercepts.
Security risks include virus, cyber-attacks, and key
information leakages. Experts agree that the
majority of government information leaks occur on
networks, making information leakage control
critical in government network design.


The streambed median grain size (D50) has been an integral part of many sediment transport and stream power equations seeking to characterize stream channel stability conditions. However, its previous usage is constrained by regional applicability, localization of datasets, and a limited number of data points. This study uses a large and geographically diverse data set (n > 2400), from five published sources, to present quantitative information and assess the distribution of D50 data across the contiguous U.S. Spatial distribution was analyzed based on the three regional frameworks: Physiographic Provinces, Level III Ecoregions, and Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLRs). Gravel was found to be the dominant streambed material in most Physiographic Provinces. Regions with a humid climate, permeable soil, and plateaus exhibit a higher average D50 than regions with other climate, geologic texture, and landscape forms. Further analysis of all data across the U.S. using smoothed spatial maps showed the dominance of sand and fine gravel in streams located in the central and southern U.S., and the dominance of coarse gravel and cobbles in the northeastern U.S.


A cloud resolving model (CRM) is used to investigate the low‐cloud increase due to a 2 K SST increase in the SP‐CAM superparameterized climate model. Of particular interest is the sensitivity of cloud changes to the CRM resolution (4 km horizontal, 30 vertical levels) in SP‐CAM. The CRM is run in column‐modeling framework using SP‐CAM composite cloud regimes. The experiments are run to steady state using composite advective tendencies, winds, and sea‐surface temperature from the control and +2 K climates of SP‐CAM. A new weak temperature gradient algorithm based on an idealized form of gravity wave adjustment is used to adjust vertical motion in the column to keep the simulated virtual temperature profile consistent with the corresponding SP‐CAM composite profile. Humidity is also slowly relaxed toward the SP‐CAM composite above the boundary layer. With SP‐CAM grid resolution, the CRM shows +2 K low cloud increases similar to SP‐CAM. With fine grid resolution, the CRM‐simulated low cloud fraction and its increase in a warmer climate are much smaller. Hence, the negative low cloud feedbacks in SP‐CAM may be exaggerated by under‐resolution of trade cumulus boundary layers.


Patent for a convertible corn and cotton planter, stalk-cutter, and roller. It has a main frame, a supplemental frame that has its front end hinged to the front of the main frame, a roller with circular journaled in the supplemental frame, transverse segment-plates with removable blades attached to the supplemental frame, spaces between the segment-plates, an axle, driving-wheels, a sprocket wheel and chain, feed-boxes, means for feeding the grain, and wheels for laying the ground and the coverers.