This paper deals with a progressive collapse simulation of multiple mooring dolphin system in a huge box shaped, shallow drafted floating structure which is now being proposed as one of the candidates of an offshore airport in Japan. The progressive collapse simulation is recently being well-used to check the robustness of the mooring system after an initial failure of one mooring dolphin . This recognizes the possibility of failure even though a design satisfies the requirements of the ultimate limit state. Model experiments and time domain simulations have been carried out in order to investigate how the collapse of multiple mooring dolphins progresses after a first passage failure of one mooring dolphin and how the dynamic model of collapse process can be represented. The probability distribution of mooring system collapse time after the initial failure is studied .


Several pendulum tests were conducted in order to evaluate the biofidelity of the thorax, abdomen and femur of the new THOR-alpha frontal impact dummy under blunt impact. Test configurations were selected to compare THOR-alpha dummy response with the best up-to-date information available concerning thorax, abdomen and femur human response in pendulum tests. This paper presents the results of several sets of tests performed to evaluate dummy response against EEVC WG12 proposed biofidelity requirements for a frontal impact dummy, the NHTSA certifications and also corridors obtained in PMHS tests. Results indicate that dummy response is quite similar to PMHS response, although some parts could be redesigned to improve the biomechanical response of the THOR dummy. In addition to these pendulum tests, several tests were performed to evaluate the response under belt compression of the lower abdomen.


Excerpt Thyroid hormone preparations of animal origin have been used extensively for over three quarters of a century. Their striking metabolic effects in correcting human thyroid insufficiency are...


(...) Cultivars of European and Japanese plums originating from species and interspecific hybrids of the section (sect.) Prunus had the highest survival. Cuttings from cultivars of sand cherry (sect. Microcerasus) and peach (sect. Euamygdalus) averaged 28% to 54% lower survival than European and Japanese plums. Few cultivars of almonds (sect. Euamygdalus), apricots (sect. Armeniaca), and American plums (sect. Prunucerasus) rooted from hardwood cuttings


Integration of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) have attracted the growing interest of researchers in various scientific and engineering areas due to the growing need of adaptive intelligent systems to solve the real world problems. ANN learns from scratch by adjusting the interconnections between layers. FIS is a popular computing framework based on the concept of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if-then rules, and fuzzy reasoning. The advantages of a combination of ANN and FIS are obvious. There are several approaches to integrate ANN and FIS and very often it depends on the application. Neuro-fuzzy modelling can be regarded as a gray-box technique on the boundary between neural networks and qualitative fuzzy models. The tools for building neuro-fuzzy models are based on combinations of algorithms from the fields of neural networks, pattern recognition and regression analysis. In this paper, an overview of neuro-fuzzy modelling given.


This thesis discusses customs law enforcement on illegal imported food and
drink products circulation in West Kalimantan. The research problem is customs
law enforcement on the circulation of food and drink products were imported
illegally in West Kalimantan. Another problem is the politics of criminal law in
dealing with the circulation of customs food and drink products were imported
illegally was considered inappropriate.
This study is an empirical and normative research analyzed qualitatively based
on data from field research and literature. The research is conducted in Pontianak,
West Kalimantan. Method of determining the resources is with purposive
sampling.
From the research results, the writer concluded that the customs law
enforcement on the circulation of food and drink products in West Kalimantan is
very minimal due to legal technical problems such as interpretation and abuse of
Border Trade Agreement Indonesia-Malaysia 1970 (BTA). It is also known that
the politics of criminal law is less precise because there are many conflicts of
interest among law enforcement officers, local governments, and society.
Consequently is the custom law enforcement is always opposed to the economic
situation of the community.


We carried out a fundamental research for synthesizing high polymers of aromatic acetoxy carboxylic acid, and observed the influence of the position of the acetoxy group, and found that m-acetoxy benzoic acid, 3, 5-diacetoxy benzoic acid and 2, 4-diacetoxy benzoic acid, are superior as the monomer for the preparation of high polymers of aromatic acetoxy carboxylic acid.


Hierarchically structured ZSM-11 microspheres with an intergrowth morphology have been hydrothermally synthesized using only one organic templating molecule (TBABr). An investigation of the effects of the structure-directing agent on the zeolite particle morphology and textural properties was performed. It was found that the template tetraalkylammonium ions TBA+ (or TPA+) not only were located in the channel intersections of ZSM-11 (or ZSM-5), but were also attached to the external surface of the precursors, which prevented these precursors from further condensation. Finally, a morphology of numerous nanocrystals inserting into each other was formed, and the voids among these intergrowth crystals endowed these materials with mesoporosity.


One of the major plant communities identified in the Marakele National Park was forest. It became clear that this major forest community contained various forest and thicket communities. Releves compiled in the forest were classified by TWINSPAN and Braun-Blanquet procedures identified six communities that are hierarchically classified. The forests dominated by Podocarpus latifolius and Widdringtonia nodiflora represent Afromontane Forests, whereas the Buxus macowanii -dominated dry forests and Olea europaea subsp. africana represent Northern Highveld Forests. A further group of communities represent thickets on termitaria with floristic affinities to both savanna and forest. The floristic composition and relationships of the forest and thicket communities are discussed.


Through the 1960s, Japan maintained an annual rate of growth of the Gross National Product of 11 percent, the highest in the world. During this decade, environmental pollution and urban problems became severe, and creeping inflation set in. With the exception of some Marxists, however, most economists praised this rapid growth and none were critical. Herman Kahn predicted that Japan would overtake the United States and become the world's leading economic power, and Japan's government economists made plans on the optimistic assumption that a growth rate in excess of 10 percent would be sustained throughout the 1970s.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme involved in the oxidative process of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid (UA). This process also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts. Both UA and ROS are dangerous for human health, and some health conditions trigger upregulation of XO activity, which results in many diseases (cancer, atherosclerosis, hepatitis, gout, and others) given the worsened scenario of ROS and UA overproduction. So, XO became an attractive target to produce and discover novel selective drugs based on febuxostat, the most recent XO inhibitor out of only two approved by FDA. Under this context, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been successfully applied to rapidly and easily screen for bioactive compounds, isolated or in complex natural matrixes, that act as enzyme inhibitors through the use of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER). This article's goal is to present advances comprising febuxostat-based XO inhibitors as a new trend, bifunctional moieties capable of inhibiting XO and modulating ROS activity, and in-flow techniques employing an IMER in HPLC and CE to screen for synthetic and natural compounds that act as XO inhibitors.


Strong and widely accepted evidence shows that the natural rate of unemployment varies over time with substantial amplitude. The frictions in the labor market that account for positive normal levels of unemployment are not simple and mechanical. Instead, as a rich modern body of theory demonstrates, the natural rate of unemployment is an equilibrium in which the volumes of job-seeking by workers and worker-seeking by employers reach a balance controlled by fundamental determinants of the relative prices of the two activities. In recessions, unemployment rises, and job vacancies fall. The natural explanation is an economywide fall in labor demand. But a compelling model that generates a fall in labor demand without a counterfactual fall in productivity has eluded theorists to date. Nonetheless, policymakers have appropriately adopted the view that the natural rate varies over time and is not a simple benchmark for setting monetary instruments.


Attracting investment capital to help develop the economy of countries in general and attractive localities in particular. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the distribution of local attributes on attracting investment capital in the Thai Nguyen province of Vietnam. The research method is conducted through quantitative analysis with 150 enterprises surveyed in the locality. With multivariable analysis technique (reliability test, PLS-SEM model analysis) on Smart-PLS version 3 software. Research results from 150 business enterprises in Thai Nguyen (a province of Vietnam). Vietnam) shows that all four groups of local attributes influence investment decisions in the area as well as investor satisfaction: (1) investment incentives; (2) government support; (3) skill training; and (4) living environment. From the results of this study, the authors make some recommendations to help Thai Nguyen province better attract investment capital based on appropriate local resource allocation.


This thesis investigates the modelling of hydrogen-rich atmospheres of white dwarfs which are irradiated by an external source.Polars are semi-detached close binary systems which consist of a magnetic white dwarf and a late type main sequence star as secondary. Since the secondary fills its Roche-lobe, the white dwarf accretes matter. The accretion stream is guided along the magnetic field lines to the magnetic pole(s) at the surface of the white dwarf. In a strong shock above the surface the stream is decelerated and heated up. Bremsstrahlung in the hard X-Ray region and polarized cyclotron radiation from optical to infrared region irradiate the atmosphere of the white dwarf.The lightcurves of AM Her in the UV region show a quasi-sinusoidally modulated flux. This can be explained by a large heated spot on the white dwarf. Further, the strong Lyman alpha absorption line characteristic of a white dwarf of type DA has almost vanished and is filled up with emission. This phenomenon has not so far been successfully explained by recent models.An existing one-dimensional LTE code has been used to calculate the atmosphere of the white dwarf. This code has been modified in order to incorporate the incident radiation. Starting with the isotropic case, the response of the atmospheres to increasing irradiation has been analyzed. Furthermore, atmosphere models with angle-dependent irradiation show phenomena, which depend on the direction of the observer and the angle of irradiation.With a grid of model atmospheres, a model of a irradiated star has been constructed which yields phase-dependent total spectra. The comparison shows that the model is in good agreement with the phase-resolved observations of AM Her.


for some closed subspace C of 9C, then U is said to be a bilateral shift of multiplicity n, where U* is the ad joint operator of U and n is the dimension of C. When U is an isometry with 9C=M+(C)=C~UCE3U2C~ ... , then U is said to be a unilateral shift of multiplicity n. The study of invariant subspaces of shifts was begun by Beurling [1]. He characterized all invariant subspaces of unilateral shifts of multiplicity one. Lax [8] extended Beurling's result to unilateral shifts of finite multiplicity. Helson-Lowdenslager [6] and Halmos [5] characterized all invariant subspaces of bilateral shifts of arbitrary multiplicity. We are going to study invariant subspaces of unitary operators in order to generalize previous results concerning bilateral shifts. A unitary operator U on 1C is said to be pure if every invariant subspace for U is reducing. Every unitary operator U can be written as the direct sum of a bilateral shift and a pure unitary operator [2; pp. 62-63]. Namely, there exists a closed subspace C of 9C such that UTC, n =O, ±1, ±2, are mutually orthogonal and the restriction of U to 9CeM(C) is pure. Setting JC=9COM(C), we get a decomposition


DS: I believe that physical therapists are not more directly involved in osteoporosis practice or research for several reasons. Like other chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and osteopenia is a disease that is associated with primary and secondary aging that has a very protracted prodromal period before impairments attributable to the disease manifest. Historically, practicing physical therapists have not been viewed as health care practitioners that have an impact on ameliorating osteoporosis or osteopenia. Because clinical physical therapists do not typically get reimbursed for treatments or interventions for primary and secondary osteoporosis that extend for the duration of the disease (unlike musculoskeletal impairments), PT clinicians have had little reason to be referred individuals with these medical diagnoses. Under current Medicare and other third-party reimbursement policies, clinicians have little to no incentive to provide on-going treatments or to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of outcomes of interventions (eg, exercise or falls prevention, etc) since the time course of the disease is so long and age-related.


Allelic losses of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), or the chromosomal regions harboring them, in tumor DNA may become useful postoperative prognostic indicators. To examine whether specific allelic losses might correlate with postoperative survival in a 5‐year prospective follow‐up, we tested tumors from a cohort of 264 breast cancer patients for allelic losses of 18 microsatellite markers representing either a known TSG or a region where genetic alterations are frequent in breast tumors. Patients whose tumors had lost an allele at 1p34, 13q12, 17p13.3, or 17q21.1 had significantly higher risks of postoperative mortality than those whose tumors retained both alleles at those loci (at 1p34, a 5‐year mortality rate of 29% among patients with losses vs. 7% with retentions, P = 0.0008; at 13q12, 31% vs. 10%, P = 0.0062; at 17p13.3, 24% vs. 13%, P = 0.026; and at 17q21.1, 31% vs. 13%, P = 0.0047). Furthermore, combined losses at 13q12 and 17p13.3 increased the predicted postoperative mortality risks by a factor of 9.6 (5‐year mortality rate of 42% vs. 5% with retentions, P = 0.0001), and combined losses at 1p34 and 17p13.3 raised the predicted postoperative mortality risks by a factor of 8.6 (27% vs. 3%, P = 0.0064). We conclude that allelic losses at these loci can serve as negative prognostic indicators to guide postoperative management of patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:134–141, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Incoherent Lidar (Laser Radar) Systems based on diode laserscan provide many advantages to solid target distance and velocity monitoring, as compared to microwave-based systems. Narrower beamwidth, lower transmitted power and shorter pulses are some of them. A laboratory prototye is presented. Measures of


We estimated the cost effectiveness of different cognitive screening tests for use by General Practitioners (GPs) to detect cognitive impairment in England.


Restorative justice practices such as victim-offender dialogue (VOD) have gained traction in the past few decades as routes towards healing amidst high incarceration and recidivism rates and growing public dissatisfaction with punitive carceral structures. However, little work has sought to understand the nuanced experiences of those who engage in VOD processes, in their own words. In this manuscript, we use narrative analytic methods to explore how a dyad involved in VOD process—the individual who engaged in a crime, and a mother and daughter impacted by this crime—transformed over the course of the process (before, 2 weeks after, and 6 months after the dialogue). We found that, for the participating dyad, engaging in the VOD process cracked open the humanity of the other through the vehicles of religion and forgiveness. Our findings echo—and expand—prior work on "forgiveness" in RJ processes, and suggest the need for future research which explores the nuanced role of religion in VOD. Finally, we advocate for the expansion of facilitated dialogue processes as a process with the potential to catalyze individual and community healing.


Modern computational science is converging on complex problems in the general field of systems biology. There is now a credible possibility of modeling drug delivery vesicles (liposomes) and their properties with qualitative and quantitative insight coming from atomistic calculations. Understanding the formation of vesicles from phospholipids bilayers and their fluidity and permeability properties is the basis of a large number of applications in the domain of drug delivery, in particular release of the active species according to the pH or ionic concentration changes. Prediction of structural changes (phase transition in particular) of membranes by modification of one or several constituents or addition of external molecular species may have potential therapeutic applications. Understanding the basic principles of biomembranes (lipid bilayers) governing and mediating various biologically relevant processes on the microscopic level is one of the great challenges in biology (Singh 2011). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are well suited for detailed analysis of the interactions between lipid bilayers and various small molecules, including water, chemicals, co-enzymes, peptides, oligonucleotides and proteins, as evidenced by the extensive body of published literature. Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods and recent theoretical studies of the properties of phospholipid molecules, consistent QM/MM and MM methodologies as well as their counterparts as function of time, Born-Oppenheimer dynamics (BOMD) and molecular dynamics (MD) are applied to understand and predict the properties of liposomes in water, in particular, fluidity, and their evolution in the presence of ions and biological agents. This has subsequently been achieved through the Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer systems and its partitioning with an ether lipid drug. Hence, membrane-lipid therapy plays a dominant role in molecular medicine.


Backpages is an opportunity for the academy to engage with theatre and performance practice with immediacy and insight, and for theatre workers and performance artists to engage critically and reflectively on their work and the work of their peers. The AHRC-funded Staging Beckett project interviewed several practitioners who have worked on Beckett's plays. This Backpages section includes three original interviews with the late William Gaskill, festival director Seán Doran, and Irish choreographer John Scott. Further interviews can be accessed via the project website on: https://www.reading.ac.uk/staging-beckett/.


The study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic features and measurements of the heart of the Philippine brown deer, Rusa marianna (Desmarest, 1822) through transcutaneous ultrasonography of eight animals, four males (two adult and two juvenile) and four females (two adult and two juvenile), using an ultrasound machine with a 5.0 MHz micro-convex transducer. Variations on the ultrasound features and measurements between sex and age were also determined. B-mode ultrasonography revealed the lumen of the chambers of the heart as anechoic with hyperechoic pericardium. The ventricular walls, interventricular septum, mitral valve and aortic valve were seen as hypoechoic structures. M-mode ultrasonography revealed the right ventricular wall, interventricular septum and left ventricular wall as low, medium and high amplitude waves, respectively. Mitral valve was seen as a two peaked wave. The adult animals had higher left ventricular diameter and lower heart rate (P<0.05) than the juveniles. Fractional shortening and cardiac dimensions were not significantly different between sexes and age groups. The results of the present study may be used as baseline data and reference for the diagnosis of diseases and disorders of the heart in Philippine brown deer. Key words: echocardiography, heart, Philippine brown deer, ultrasound


The high rate of infant mortality  and  infant morbidity  in Indonesia is still one of the health problems in Indonesia. One way to reduce the rate by early breastfeeding. In 2017 early breastfeeding initiation coverage in the area of public health center of early breastfeeding initiationThis research aims to  impove  the target  perfromance of early breastfeeding in Pijor Koling Public Health Center. This research is survey analytic with cross sectional. The sampel of researah is 54 mothers who just giving birth baby. The analysis data  use chi square test. The sampling technique is  purposing sampling. The result of research indicate that there is meaningful between knowledge  P=0,016 (P 0,05), The result of regression logistict test show that the  family support is having strongly relation with early breastfeeding initiation with the high of value 5,369 (95% CI: 1,178-22,056 Intiation  as many as 5,098 times more bigger than mothers who have support  family. The suggestion of Researcher  to health workers of health of mother and child of Pijor Koling Public Health Center more increase  information abaut early  breastfeeding initiation to mothers who have no job.


The world‐wide growth of facilities management (FM) institutions with ambition to become recognised as professional gatekeepers raises issues about the claim of FM to be a profession. Does FM practice and conduct merit this designation? Using Nutt's resource‐based approach to FM with its four "trails to the future", the tensions that exist on the interface between the "business trail" and the "people trail" provide the context needed to discuss the nature of FM's professional credentials. This paper examines this context and the factors that influence each side of this professional interface and the implications for the development of a successful FM profession in contemporary society.


With development of Information and in many applications. Communication Technology, Data transmission becomes more Telephone line is a communication tool that is used for critical day by day. Higher security for transmitting data is many applications for transmitting and receiving data like especially required. Therefore; we designed a new method to World Wide Web. Statistic investigations in one transmit data on the phone line where there is no speech signal communication center in Iran, show that there is about 57% on it. non-speech signal on the phone line. Let us suppose a situation Statistic investigations in one communication center in Iran show in which you are talking to your friend on the phone line. You that there is about 57% non-speech signal on the phone line, dial the numbers, and say "Hello" and wait for your friend's Because a person on one side of the phone line speaks and then reply and then continue your talking. In this waiting time a waits to hear the voice of the other person on the other side and, capacity on the phone line is not used and we plan to send therefore; this non-speech signal has a good capacity for encrypt data on it. transmitting data. This project can be divided in four parts. The first part is the automatic classification of speech signal from non-speech using feature vectors derived from the wavelet analysis. The second input part is the classification of speech and nonspeech signals using signal neural network. For recognizing this two cluster (speech signal and non-speech signal), we used NN. The third part is encrypting data and forth part is transmitting encrypted data on non-speech windowing signal on the phone line.


Past research, based on explicit measures, has shown that Americans are rated as competent but not warm. In the present study, we assessed the implicit stereotype of Americans along the two dimensions of competence and warmth. Participants (Italian university students) completed a Go/No-go Association Task, in which Americans and Italians were the target categories and competence and warmth the target attributes. They also completed a questionnaire measuring three individual difference variables, namely Social Dominance Orientation, national identification, and political orientation. We hypothesized that Americans would be more associated with competence than warmth; we also expected Americans to be more associated with competence and less with warmth than Italians. Predictions were supported. The implicit associations were not correlated with the individual difference variables, thus suggesting they are a reflection of a well-learned cultural stereotype of Americans.


Sixty children including neonates and infants, with stridor undergoing investigations under general anaesthesia, were studied retrospectively. General anaesthesia was induced using an inhalational technique with halothane and was maintained with propofol infusion without the use of tracheal intubation. The ages ranged from three days to two years and five months. In most of the cases after propofol infusion, there was a slight drop in blood pressure without change in heart rate. This modified technique was found to be satisfactory in most of the cases.


The behavior and self-organization of ant colonies has been widely studied to address distributed clustering. However, most models that directly mimic ants produce too many clusters and converge too slowly. A wide range of research has attempted to address this through various means, but a number of sources of inefficiency remain, including: i) ants must physically move from one cluster to another through intermediate locations, ii) patterns in movement among clusters is not considered, and iii) while some approaches have included bulk item movement, they do not provide efficient movement while still maintaining the self-organizing nature of ant-based clustering. To address these issues, this paper presents a new algorithm for ant-based clustering. Here ants maintain a movement zone around each cluster, keeping ants close to data items. These movement zones are used to elect representatives that are responsible for all long distance movement. Representatives can, probabilistically, pass an object it has to any other representative. Since each cluster has approximately one representative at any given time, the search space for placing items over a long distance is reduce to the number of clusters. This provides an infrastructure that allows bulk movement and efficient long distance merging.


Many science issues of different level and different space-time scale have been met in the course of cognizing the dynamic operation of steel manufacturing process.The issues consist of fundamental science matters of microcosmic level(atom or molecule scale),technological science matters of mesoscopic level(field or equipment scale)and engineering matters of macroscopical level (manufacturing processing scale).In the production process of steel plant,the issues of these three levels are in terrelated and coupling-integrated and should be paid more attention in new century. The physical essence in the dynamic operation of steel manufacturing process is that multi-factor mass flow operate in a specific flow network(the frame of process system,e.g.,the general layout of steel plant)followed a definite program.It is a sort of open and irreversible process that is a conversion and dissipative process of material and energy. The study on the flow action brings on thinking over the function extension of steel manufacturing process which is the function of steel product manufacture,the function of energy conversion and the function of wastes recycling. Further study on the structure,function and efficiency of steel manufacturing process would be deeper for summarizing,abstracting and describing the connotation from the engineering science level systematically and accurately.It is significant for the engineering logic,the guiding ideology of enter- prise technical revamping and the philosophy of steel plant reforming and that of new steel plants.


The present invention provides an interior wall coating capable of imitating porcelain and imitating wall paper and its preparation process. It consists of water, polyvinyl alcohol, cross linking agent and talcum powder, among which, the basic material is added with the assistant and urea-formaldehyde resin or polyacrylamide, and its cross linking agent is lithium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. When preparing said coating, all the ingredients are stirred and reacted according to the formula, so that a white coating plaster can be made up. Besides. it can be made into the colored coating plaster by adding coloring pulp. Said coating can also be used to print pattern, so that it can be very much alike to wall paper. Said coating is low in cost, simple in construction, non-toxic, wet-wipe resistant and doesn't lese powder, applicable for covering various wall faces whether new or old, wet or dried, and its coating layer is firm and surface is smooth, hand feeling is like that of glaze.


The new GRC storing grain panel was made of plant straws, fly ash, cement, reinforced fiber as main raw,and some admixtures.The new GRC storing grain panel has many advantages of lightweight,higher resistance breaking load, higher resistance shock strength, higher resistance freezing, fireproof, waterproof, mouse-proof, thermal insulation,and resistance to craze. It is an ideal storing grain panel.


Aiming at a simple, inexpensive and robust tool for HIV‐1 drug resistance genotyping during antiretroviral therapy (ART) we developed and validated a microarray‐based detection of 25 drug resistance mutations most relevant for the Tanzanian ART regimen.


Coastal altimetry plays a prominent role in measuring the total water-level envelope directly, and is one of the key measurements required by storm surge applications and services. It can also provide important information about the wave field, leading to development of more realistic wave models and therefore improving forecasts of wave setup and overtopping processes. Satellite altimeters have a long history of mapping the variability of the Earth's open ocean. However, this is not the case for coastal areas because of the limitations of technology and difficulties in processing and interpretation of data near coastal surface (due land contamination and rapid variations due to tides and atmospheric effects). There is, therefore, a need for more accurate Sea Surface Height (SSH) near coastal areas. Bistatic altimetry using signals of opportunity (SoOp) (e.g. digital communication signals) may provide additional measurements in coastal areas through oblique incidence angles and high bandwidth (400 MHz). In this study, we investigate the capabilities of SoOp technique for coastal altimetry from spaceborne platforms.


. In this paper, we establish some basic thermodynamic formulas and master systems allowing one to explore analytically and calculate numerically equilibrium configurations and quasi-static evolution of crystalline substances with dipolar interaction. All the master systems are certain extensions ofthe equations of electro-or magnetostatics. To elucidate and emphasize the "dipolar aspect" of the problem, we introduce and explore the simplest possible system with dipolar interaction which we call the dipole aggregate. The dipole aggregates are able to accumulate the dipolar electric or magnetostatic energy as well as the surface energy but cannot accumulate any kind of the internal bulk energy. Our approach is based on the minimum-of-the-total-energy principle, i.e., we assume upfront that the absolute temperature is fixed and constant throughout the whole system. Our analysis of the equilibrium shapes of the dipole aggregates and of their stability is based on the traditional tools of the Gibbs equilibrium thermodynamics, namely, on the calculation ofthe first and second energyvariations. Our analysis of quasi-static evolution of the shape of the dipole aggregates is based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of dissipative heterogeneous systems (in the spirit of the Onsager irreversible thermodynamics with linear fluxes).


Three members of the homologous series of manganese oxyselenides with the general formula La2n+2MnSen+2O2n+2 (n = 0–2) have been synthesized in a NaI/KI flux and characterized by single-crystalX-raydiffraction,powderX-raydiffractionandmagneticmeasurements. Thestructures consist of chains of edge-sharing MnSe4O2-octahedra along the b-axis which are linked together along the a-axis by edge-sharing OLa4- and/or OLa3Mn-tetrahedra forming infinite ribbons of increasing width. mC-La2MnSe2O2 (Pb2HgCl2O2-type, C2/m, a = 11.6621(5) A, b = 3.9719(1) A, c = 7.2049(3) A, β = 121.655(2)◦) represents a new polymorph of this compound. La4MnSe3O4 (P2/m, a = 9.0055(4) A, b = 4.0186(1) A, c = 7.1946(3) A, β = 109.715(2)◦) and La6MnSe4O6 (C2/m, a = 24.760(2) A,b = 4.0359(3)A,c=7.1850(6)A, β =104.162(3)◦)exhibitnewstructuretypes. Magnetic measurements suggest antiferromagnetic order of the moments below about 15 K with effective magnetic moments of 5.53(1), 5.99(1) and 6.01(1) µB per formula unit for n = 1, 2 and 3, respectively.


5098-SR-04-0 PROJECT-SPECIFIC TYPE A VERIFICATION FOR THE HIGH FLUX BEAM REACTOR UNDERGROUND UTILITIES REMOVAL PHASE 3 TRENCH 5, BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY


The traditional theoretical view of minimum wage laws is that, because labor markets are competitive, the laws hurt employment while delivering little benefit to workers as a group. Empirical research has generally supported this view, finding that minimum wage increases are followed by decreased employment for low-skill workers—typically the young, inexperienced, and minorities. More recent research has presented an alternative theory suggesting that increases can increase employment by inducing non-workers to give up leisure for labor. Though one prominent empirical study supported that idea, follow-up research generally has not. Another alternative theory has argued that low-skill labor markets are in fact not competitive, and minimum wage laws thus combat employer market power. Some empirical research has supported that idea, but a larger share of the empirical research has conflicted with it. More recently, two prominent studies have supported the traditional view, including a new study of a sharp minimum wage increase in Seattle. This article reviews that literature.


This study examines the small hydropower potential of River Iyi-Ukwu in Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria as a renewable energy source. The discharge (m/s) of River Iyi-Ukwu was well investigated using the Velocity Area method while using segment method to obtain the depth of the river with which the river profile was drawn. The head from source to destination of the river was approximated from a topographic map of Onitsha in Anambra State, Nigeria. The results show that theoretical power of about 1.83 MW of electricity is realizable from the river on a discharge of 2.887 m/s and a head of 76.2 m. This amount of power can go a long way in solving part of the energy crisis in Nigeria especially at the rural areas.


Institutional review board approval of the LV Prasad Eye Institute was obtained. Intrasaccal lacrimal sac granulomas are uncommon and are usually seen secondary to chronic inflammation. A 55-year-old woman presented with leftsided epiphora associated with discharge of 5 years. Irrigation and probing were suggestive of a nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and the patient underwent a powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Intraoperatively, after the lacrimal sac was exposed above the agger nasi (Figure 1A, black star), a full-length lacrimal sac marsupialization was performed. Following reflection of the anterior and posterior sac flaps (Figure 1A, A and P), a reddish intrasaccal lobular lesion (Figure 1A, black arrow) was noted to arise from the anterolateral wall. Closer examination showed the lesion to arise approximately 5 mm below and anterior to the internal common opening (Figure 1A). The lesion had a broad-based pedicle with diffuse intrinsic vascularity. The lacrimal sac mucosa in the vicinity showed diffuse submucosal fibrosis. A clinical impression of an intrasaccal granuloma was made, and the lesion was carefully excised (Figure 1B). Following excision, the anatomic origin of the lesion was examined and was found to arise from the mucosa of broad-based intrasac (Figure 1B, black arrow). Histopathologic examination confirmed the clinical impression of an inflammatory granuloma. Although uncommon, intrasaccal lacrimal sac granulomas may be found during an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and mandate a careful evaluation to exclude other lesions, such as benign and malignant lacrimal sac tumors. The dacryocystorhinostomy granulomas could be managed according to the existing general guidelines.


An introduction is made of the current situation of transboundary water pollution in the Huaihe Valley.With the help of some suppositions,an analysis is made of the problems with the currently-used quota-based managment mechanism in settling the disputes of transboundary water pollution in the Huaihe Valley.It is proposed to establish a cooperative and coordinative management mechanism for transboundary water pollution,after analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the two mechanisms.Finally,a discussion is made of the factors that affect the implementational results of the cooperative and coordinative management mechanism.


A combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) model based on conventional unit commitment (UC) is presented in order to achieve energy savings. The CCGT has various operation modes. It is difficult to model the multiple operating modes and mode transitions. Considering these difficulties,a model is presented which can handle the modes in transition as well as the transition cost very well. Furthermore,this model which uses the transition matrix is much more compact than those reported in previous publication. A single CCGT scheduling and IEEE 118-bus system including 12 CCGTs and 54 thermal units are simulated. The results show that the presented CCGT model can be easily combined with the conventional UC model,and it is effective to schedule the CCGT and deal with the mode transitions.


In order to reveal phenotypic variation and variation patterns in different districts across Xinjiang province,13 populations of wild Medicago falcata were taken as experimental materials and pod length,pod width,seeds number per pod,seed length,seed width and 1 000-seed-weight were measured.Phenotypic variations among and within populations were analyzed using variance analysis and correlation analysis.The results showed that,various characters of Medicago Falcata groups had significant differences.Pod length,pod width,seeds number per pod,seed length and seed width all have a significant positive correlation with 1 000-seed weight.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed these 13 populations were divided into three groups: 1) Altai;2) BeiTun,TaCheng and FuYun;and 3) BuErJin,YuMin,EMin,HaBahe,Tekesi,JiMunai,Urumqi of Nanshan,FuHai and ChaBuchaer.These findings can offer basic data for further study of conservation biology and genetic breeding of this species.


Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale expulsions of plasma and magnetic fields from the Sun into the heliosphere and are the most important driver of space weather. The geo-effectiveness of a CME is primarily determined by its magnetic field strength and topology. Measurement of CME magnetic fields, both in the corona and heliosphere, is essential for improving space weather forecasting. Observations at radio wavelengths can provide several remote measurement tools for estimating both strength and topology of the CME magnetic fields. Among them, gyrosynchrotron (GS) emission produced by mildly-relativistic electrons trapped in CME magnetic fields is one of the promising methods to estimate magnetic field strength of CMEs at lower and middle coronal heights. However, GS emissions from some parts of the CME are much fainter than the quiet Sun emission and require high dynamic range (DR) imaging for their detection. This thesis presents a state-of-the-art calibration and imaging algorithm capable of routinely producing high DR spectropolarimetric snapshot solar radio images using data from a new technology radio telescope, the Murchison Widefield Array. This allows us to detect much fainter GS emissions from CME plasma at much higher coronal heights. For the first time, robust circular polarization measurements have been jointly used with total intensity measurements to constrain the GS model parameters, which has significantly improved the robustness of the estimated GS model parameters. A piece of observational evidence is also found that routinely used homogeneous and isotropic GS models may not always be sufficient to model the observations. In the future, with upcoming sensitive telescopes and physics-based forward models, it should be possible to relax some of these assumptions and make this method more robust for estimating CME plasma parameters at coronal heights.


Data on trace substances in air, obtained in mid-Pacific during two summers, are summarized. Particulate matter was analyzed for chloride, sulfate and nitrate; tests were performed for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. The results give information concerning the composition of marine air which can assist in evaluating possible natural contributions to urban pollution on the West Coast of the United States during the summer months, in addition to the geochemical value of the work.


In New South Wales, low lying flooding around the fringes of intermittently open coastal lagoons (ICOLL's) is commonly managed through artificial breaching. The plans which specify the water level at which manual breach operations occur are often governed by the degree to which the community will tolerate nuisance flooding. The actual mechanics of the manual breach operation (when, where, how) are typically informed by 'gut' feel, past experience and detailed field studies of selected lagoons, primarily undertaken in the 1970's and 1980's. Numerical modelling presents an opportunity to gain insight into the impact of broad scale policy decisions on the one hand, and the manual breach methods on the other. Recent research has aimed to improve the ability of available models, and two different models arising from that research are discussed here. Firstly, a method for long term statistical modelling of the "fill – spill – close" cycle is presented. A model built using that method has been repeatedly executed (5000 times) using random time series (110 years long) of waves and rainfall. Using this method, it was possible to simulate the impact that artificial opening practices and/or climate change will have on key parameters such as percentage time open, exceedance probabilities of berm heights and typical water levels. Secondly, improvements to the representation of complex breach hydraulics by numerical models are discussed and presented. Using an improved model, the impact of field operations on the effectiveness of proposed breach operations was investigated. Questions which the model can inform include: How does the location of a 'pilot' channel for breaching affect the speed with which a lagoon drains? Or, how does the 'trigger' level affect the final size of the breach? The models are demonstrated using real world data from Tabourie Lake.


A large-scale integrated-circuit chip has been designed under the sponsorship of the Air Force Avionics Laboratory. The chip was developed as part of a logic synthesizer effort of the Design Automation group at Litton Systems, Inc., Guidance and Control Systems Division. It was designed as a type or category to be multiply used with one other gating type chip whose format is prescribed by the logic synthesizer. A major goal of this effort will be to design a complete digital system by design-automated techniques using only these two types of chips in a large-scale array.


The peculiarities of the published theatrical series «The Amateur Theatre of "Our Flag"» (1935–1937), founded and published by Ivan Tyktor, are analyzed. The criterions and the obstacles, which were determining during the selection for the series, are founded. The peculiarities of the author's prefaces and the director's remarks, which helped the amateurs to understand not only the main idea of the proposed edition, but also to prepare it for the staging correctly are investigated. The ways of the promotion, which approximated the readers with the editions by the methods of material and purely creative encouragement are analyzed. These series are remarkable especially in the conditions of that time when there were no professional books for the amateurs of 20–30's of XXth century of Galicia because of the level of its preparation. That's why we have a reason to say that these editions can be a decent example for the authors of the nowadays theater books devoted to the amateur actors, which only begin their career in this kind of art.


Significance Adaptor proteins often regulate substrate selection by AAA+ enzymes, but the molecular mechanisms of adaptor-mediated substrate delivery are poorly understood. We find that an unstructured N-terminal extension (NTE) of ClpS, the adaptor that delivers N-degron substrates to the ClpAP protease, enters the ClpA translocation pore during substrate delivery and must be actively engaged for delivery to occur. ClpA engagement of the ClpS NTE promotes delivery of substrate bound to the same adaptor molecule. These results support a model in which ClpA remodels ClpS by translocating its NTE, triggering delivery of the N-degron substrate. Active remodeling of components in delivery complexes by AAA+ unfoldases and proteases is likely a widespread mechanism. The ClpS adaptor collaborates with the AAA+ ClpAP protease to recognize and degrade N-degron substrates. ClpS binds the substrate N-degron and assembles into a high-affinity ClpS-substrate-ClpA complex, but how the N-degron is transferred from ClpS to the axial pore of the AAA+ ClpA unfoldase to initiate degradation is not known. Here we demonstrate that the unstructured N-terminal extension (NTE) of ClpS enters the ClpA processing pore in the active ternary complex. We establish that ClpS promotes delivery only in cis, as demonstrated by mixing ClpS variants with distinct substrate specificity and either active or inactive NTE truncations. Importantly, we find that ClpA engagement of the ClpS NTE is crucial for ClpS-mediated substrate delivery by using ClpS variants carrying "blocking" elements that prevent the NTE from entering the pore. These results support models in which enzymatic activity of ClpA actively remodels ClpS to promote substrate transfer, and highlight how ATPase/motor activities of AAA+ proteases can be critical for substrate selection as well as protein degradation.


AIM: To study the antihypertensive effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) on conscious "two kidney one clip" renal hypertensive dogs(RHD), normotensive dogs,conscious normotensive rats (NTR), and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRsp). METHODS: Conscious RHD were treated with Ipt 0.125 , 0.25 , 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg -1 , po. Conscious normotensive dogs were treated with Ipt 0.8 , 3.2 and 12.8 mg·kg -1 , po. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rates (HR) were investigated before and after administration. The conscious noninvasive cardiac functions and hemodynamics method was used to determine the effects of Ipt ( 0.5 mg·kg -1 , iv) on heart rate, systolic, diastolic and pump functions in NTR and SHRsp. RESULTS: Ipt at the doses of 0.125 , 0.25 , 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg -1 decreased the blood pressure in a dose dependent manner in RHD. The maximal △SBP were 13, 23, 25 and 36 mmHg, respectively. The lasting time of hypotensive effects was 4, 6, 6 and 12 hours, respectively. In consciously normotensive dogs, Ipt at the doses of 0.8 and 3.2 mg·kg -1 had no effects on blood pressure and heart rates. When the dose increased to 12.8 mg·kg -1 , Ipt could decrease SBP and DBP significantly during 5 hours after administration. The maximal △SBP was 26 mmHg. Ipt had no effects on HR. The dose was 25.6 times as much as that in RHD. HR, ventricular contractile function and cardiac output were decreased significantly, left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and left ventricular diastolic time (ZO) were prolonged by Ipt at the dose of 0.5 mg·kg -1 in SHRsp, iv. Under the same experimental conditions, those parameters remained to be unchanged in NTR. CONCLUSION: Ipt has selectively antihypertensive effects. Ipt also has selective effects on cardiac functions and hemodynamics in SHRsp. It suggests that Ipt has significant effect on hypertensive animals but little effect on normotensive animals.


New high-resolution spectra of the lithium resonance doublet have provided lithium abundances or upper limits for 26 classical and mild barium stars. The lithium lines always are present in the classical barium stars. Lithium abundances in these stars obey a trend with stellar masses consistent with that previously derived for ordinary K giants. This supports the notion that classical barium stars are post-core-He-flash or core-He-burning stars. Lithium contents in the mild barium stars, however, often are much smaller than those of the classical barium stars; sometimes only upper limits may be determined. The cause for this difference is not easily understood, but may be related to more extensive mass loss by the mild barium stars.


A microgrid power system is required to be controlled by electric power energy flowing through the interconnected power line that connects the microgrid and a large power system. Load dispatch for power sources in the microgrid is required, but large scale SCADA is not anticipated. This paper proposes an application of a mobile agent technology for the electric power output control. The reason is the agent has flexibility and expandability, and it is suitable for the control of the microgrid in viewpoint of small controller. A minimization of generation cost is considered as an evaluation function, and an equal incremental cost loading method is applied. Simulation is carried out using load data measured in the university building and demonstrates applicability of the proposed control.


The Crabbe homologation of polymer-supported propargylamine with paraformaldehyde, CuI, and dicyclohexylamine in 1,4-dioxane at 100 °C, followed by cleavage with dilute trifluoroacetic acid, furnishes N-(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)amides as isolable products. The N-acyltriazene linker on Merrifield resin serves simultaneously as a protecting group for the nucleophilic primary amine. The product diversity is achieved by altering the acyl chloride in the acylation of the triazene linker. In addition to being a new route to nitrogen-containing allenes, our solid-phase method enables immobilization of these reactive cumulated dienes for further synthetic operations.


H. Meyer-Laurin has claimed that the Athenian courts took a stricti iuris approach to the law and did not take extenuating circumstances into account. Other scholars (Mirhady, Todd) have claimed that the courts sometimes ignored the law and took extra-legal considerations into account, which was called 'fairness' (epieikeia). The essay begins with a careful reading of Aristotle's analysis of 'fairness' (epieikeia) in the Nicomachean Ethics and the Rhetoric and draws on an important essay by J. Brunschwig. Fairness was not a doctrine that attempted to undermine the authority of the law or placed the law of the city in opposition to the unwritten laws or the common law of mankind. Nor did the application of fairness introduce non-legal factors into adjudication. Rather, fairness dealt with the problem of treating exceptions to the general rule contained in a specific written law. The essay then shows how litigants used arguments based on fairness and how the courts sometimes took extenuating circumstances into account. When Athenian judges swore to decide according to the laws of Athens, they did not just consider the law under which the accuser had brought his case. They could also take into account general principles of justice implicit in the laws of Athens as a whole. In this way, they avoided a rigid positivist approach to law. Finally, the essay sheds some light on the relationship between Aristotle's Rhetoric and the arguments used in the Athenian courts.


Duke Energy International has recently completed the $450 million Eastern Gas Pipeline in Australia, just in time for the Sydney 2000 olympics.


The viscosity of aqueous solutions of poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) in the dilute and semidilute regimes exhibits a maximum as a function of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration. The maximum is shown to correspond to the point at which the polymer coils are saturated with surfactant. From intrinsic viscosity and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), we obtain a value of 0.65 for the excluded volume exponent of PEO at saturation. Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements indicate that the correlation time for local segmental motion for polymer segments attached to micelles is reduced from about 10−11 to 10−9 s. However, only a relatively small fraction of the total coil is in direct contact with the micelles at saturation. A model for the polymer–surfactant complex is presented based on these considerations.


This paper investigates a supply chain consisting of a single risk-neutral supplier and a single risk-averse retailer with the call option contract and a service requirement, where the retailer's objective is to maximize the Conditional Value-at-Risk about profit. The optimal ordering quantity of the retailer and the optimal production quantity of the supplier are derived with the call option contract in the presence of a service requirement. Furthermore, by investigating the effect of the service level and the risk aversion on the supply chain, it is found that the retailer's optimal Conditional Value-at-Risk is non-increasing in the service requirement and increasing in the risk aversion, while the supplier's optimal expected profit is non-decreasing in the service and decreasing in the risk aversion. In addition, this paper demonstrates the impact of contract parameters on the service-constrained supply chain, and finds that the retailer's optimal Conditional Value-at-Risk may be increasing, constant or decreasing in unit exercise price. Finally, with the call option contract, a distribution-free coordination condition is derived to achieve the Pareto improvement under Conditional Value-at-Risk criterion in the presence of a service requirement.


The article considers the decision of formation problem the mathematical concepts in preschool children through the use of instructional techniques from the course «Self-knowledge», aimed at the development of moral and spiritual qualities of the personality.


In this paper we give a generalized definition of fuzzy Riemann integral and show that the new fuzzy Riemann integral can be approximated by fuzzy number determined by finite number of level sets of the fuzzy Riemann integral via endograph metric and d1 metric.


a significant contribution to thinking about the development of day services, and this reviewer approached the new publication with some excitement. Unfortunately, in the main, those expectations have not been satisfied, for reasons which are inextricably linked with what the new book claims to achieve, as somewhat confusingly Seed implies in the preface that the book is a second edition of the 1988 book referred to above.


Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder are associated with a multitude of psychosocial developmental risks, e.g. academic underachievement. Various cognitive behavioral interventions have proven to be effective in reducing problem behavior in school settings. Drawing on this previous work and on our parent-focused preventive and therapeutic programs, we developed the school-based coaching for elementary school teachers of children with attention deficits or disruptive behavior problems (SCEP). Based on functional behavior assessment, SCEP addresses teachers of children with severe externalizing behavior problems in an individualized modular manner. It consists of a one-day training course and fortnightly one-to-one or team-coaching sessions. We analyzed the effects of SCEP in a within-subject control group design (N = 60), with student attention problems and rule-breaking behavior during class as the primary outcome measure. SCEP was found to reduce problem behavior during lessons, with small to medium effect sizes (d = 0.42–0.6). After the intervention, teachers reported changes in their use of praise and felt more confident managing the class (d = 0.58). The results of SCEP are discussed in light of multi-tiered preventive approaches that suggest extensive individualized interventions based on functional behavior analysis for children with severe problem behavior.


ABSTRACT
The aims of this research were to synthesis carboxymethyl chitosan with
various chloro acetic acid concentration and temperature reaction, investigate its
effect on cation exchage capacity, preparation composite membranes
carboxymethyl chitosan/ZnO/PVA for fuel cells and study factors which affect
swelling degree and thermal stability membranes include crosslinking agent
(borate) and duration. Carboxymethyl chitosan was synthesized by reaction
chitosan with chloro acetic. Cation exchange capacity was determined by acid
base titration. Composit membranes were prepared by phase inversion method.
Crosslinking was determined using membranes immersing method. Swelling
degree test had been done by immersing membranes in the water for 24 hours.
Thermal stability was detected by termogravimetric method. The presence of
concentration and temperature factors on cation exchange capacity was analyzed
with Anova test.
Carboxymethyl chitosan has strong FTIR adsorption of carboxyl group
(-COO-) in 1606,70 cm-1 dan 1444,68 cm-1. The increasing of chloro acetic acid
concentration and reaction temperature decreased cation exchage capacity.
Carboxymethyl chitosan was amorf character and lower thermal stability than
chitosan. Crosslinking carboxymethyl chitosan with borate decreased swelling
degree and increased termal stability of composite membranes. Low swelling
degree and high thermal stability of composite membranes indicated that had
potential as membranes for fuel cells application.
Keyword : Carboxymethyl Chitosan, Cation Exchage Capacity, Composite
Membrane, Swelling Degree, Thermal Stability


e13602 Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide. Regardless of the economic status of a country, breast cancer poses a burden in prevention, diagnosis and treatment.Accurate pathologic and molecular diagnosis of high quality in breast cancer is a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The two most important aspects needed are the hormonal and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status as they are used as prognostic factor and as predictive biomarker for treatment. The most commonly used tests for assessing HER2 status are immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for HER2 protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 gene amplification.In this study, we evaluated the hormonal and HER2 status of women with breast cancer and the need for FISH in HER2+++. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the database of the Hospital Evangelico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, a regional cancer center from the south of Espirito Santo State – Brazil.The period covered in the study was from 01/08/2019 to 01/08/2020. We analyzed all new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed by IHC for the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and HER2 receptors. All the HER 2++ and HER2 +++ were tested by FISH. We had during this period 152 newly diagnosed cases, 11 patients were excluded due to missing data. Results: The 141 cases were separated into four categories by hormonal status: 109 ER+PR+ (77,3%), 9 ER+PR− (6,4%), 2 ER−PR+ (1,4%) and 21 ER−PR− (14,9%). When these results were associated to HER 2 status we found 11 (7,8 %) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) , 26 (18,43%) HER2 ++ and 23 (16,31%) HER 2+++. The HER2++ were tested by FISH and 8 (30,7%,) were found positive, 10 (38,6%) negative and 8(30,7%)indeterminate. Among the HER 2 +++ tested by FISH we found 15 (65,3 %) positive and 8 (34,7 %) indeterminate. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a lower incidence of TNBC and higher incidence of hormone-receptor positive cases as compared with other institutions. Different from other countries, all HER 2++ and HER2+++ in Brazil need to go to molecular testing. Altough trastuzumab is available in the public Brazilian Health System (SUS) for HER 2 positive women, diagnosis with IHC alone is not permitted and there is a need for molecular testing confirmation. Therefore, the most troublesome data in this study was that 34,7% of HER 2+++ had indeterminate FISH results, in these cases SUS does not offer traztuzumab. Newer guidelines allow the use of IHC only in HER2 +++ . We consider important for SUS to review the recommendation for need of molecular testing for all HER2 +++ so this will avoid subtreating women in Brazil


The rate of reaction of furan with bromine in aqueous solution has been measured and the rate constant obtained by Williamson and Coller is confirmed. However, it is now found that the reaction of bromine with furan in water has two distinct stages: attack of bromine leading to the formation of malealdehyde 3 and hydration of 3 to a 2:1 mixture of the geometrical isomers of its cyclic hydrate 4. This second, slower process is observable by stopped-flow uv spectrophotometry occurring after the consumption of bromine. The observed kinetics are very similar to those recently found for the analogous hydration of phthalaldehyde by McDonald and Martin.


Applying the concept of governance to the field of education can greatly reduce the disadvantages brought by the government as a single subject in traditional management, the multi-subject joint participation governance advocated by education governance can also maintain a stable, efficient, harmonious and fair education pattern, finally, good governance in education will be realized. In China, ordinary high school is a secondary education, which is a quasi-public product with positive externalities and should be provided by the government and the market in theory. However, in rural areas, there are some defects in the investment mode of education funds and school governance structure of ordinary high schools. As an ordinary high school in the stage of non-compulsory education, how to use the governance theory, draw on the relevant experience of OECD countries, coordinate the relationship between government, society and school, and take the road of good governance in rural areas is very worthy of educational research and attention.


The article is devoted to a fairly little-studied episode in the history of the Novgorod Bishop School of Peter the Great's era - a project aimed at turning it into a platform for training teachers for Russian diocesan schools. The article analyzes the well-known archival documents and the newly opened ones, considers possible reasons why the Novgorod School was chosen as a kind of pedagogical institute, and why this educational project lasted only two years. The authors assess the ideas prevailing in Russian historiography about the role and place of the Novgorod Bishop School in the history of education in Peter the Great's reign. In particular, the article focuses on the problem of teaching grammar of the Church Slavonic language in the Russian educational institutions in the first half of the 18th century, which in recent years has also been actively studied by Russian philologists. Special attention is paid to teaching reading and writing the Church Slavonic language using grammar. At the same time, researchers do not take into account the role of the Novgorod school in the formation of the so-called "grammatical" education although resources on the history of the Novgorod school testify to the fact that teaching grammar of both Church Slavonic and Greek began there in 1706. Relying on the results of the conducted study, the authors conclude that the Novgorod school was, along with the Kiev-Mohyla


The recent American Academy of Neurology (AAN) position statement on physician reporting of medical conditions that may affect driving competence affords the opportunity for neurologists to participate in organized community advocacy for their patients.1

In particular, the statement "The AAN supports state and federal efforts to plan for additional transportation resources to meet the needs of affected patients who are no longer able or allowed to transport themselves" is, by itself, weak and leads to no definite solutions for the millions of patients who are already no longer able to drive.

Beyond epilepsy and episodic disorders of impaired consciousness, it has been estimated that the burden of caregiving for patients with dementia, in the absence of driving cessation, already exceeds the strain felt by caregivers of nondemented dependent patients.2 Increasingly, other neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis reveal deficits in driving ability3 that are largely unaddressed. Importantly, established public transportation systems seem not to fulfill the need left by driving cessation.2

Neurologists have a strategic opportunity to advance the health of the community, including both those with and without neurologic disease given the present AAN position statement. Whereas before, the concept of public transportation and sidewalks were outside of the traditional scope of academic neurology, approximately …


Practically any fruit and vegetable can be processed, but some important factors which determine whether it is worthwhile are: The demand for a particular fruit or vegetable in the processed form; The quality of the raw material, i.e. whether it can withstand processing; Regular supplies of the raw material. In developing country like India agriculture is the main stay of the economy. Agricultural industries and related activities can account for a considerable proportion of their output. Due to insufficient demand, weak infrastructure, poor transportation and perishable nature of the crops, the grower sustains substantial losses. Even established fruit and vegetable canning factories or small/medium scale processing centers suffer huge loss due to erratic supplies. The main objective of fruit and vegetable processing is to supply wholesome, safe, nutritious and acceptable food to consumers throughout the year. Fruit and vegetable processing projects also aim to replace imported products like squash, jams, tomato sauces, pickles, etc., besides earning foreign exchange by exporting finished or semi-processed products. For example, a particular variety of fruit which may be excellent to eat fresh is not necessarily good for processing. Processing requires frequent handling, high temperature and pressure. Many of the ordinary varieties of pineapples, for instance, are not suitable for making paste or other processed products. Simulation was carried out for the updated model for a period of ten days with five replications. From the results obtained from the DOE, noises in the factors (Steam losses, Minor stoppages) were reduced by implementing the mentioned techniques. The runs are randomized using MINITAB software. A cost matrix was made to create a tradeoff between all factors that were affecting the performance. This resulted in the increase of throughput rate in the real scenario. This research project demonstrates the practical application of Design of Experiments(DOE) showing how it can bring real breakthroughs in productivity of a fruit processing industry. This research work was carried out with the objective of designing new decision making method for controlling the production and material flow in the process industry.


The present invention provides a touch panel including a substrate provided with a touch electrode layer and a plurality of traces touch, touch the touch electrode layer comprises a plurality of electrodes insulated from each other, corresponding to each of the touch electrodes and a first end of said connecting traces touch, the touch panel further comprising: multiplexing gating circuit, the gating circuit multiplexer comprises: a plurality of touch switches, touch and at least one clock signal line; wherein the touch switch comprises a control terminal, a signal input and a signal output terminal, said second terminal of said signal output terminal corresponding to the touch trace is connected to , at least two of said signal input terminals are electrically connected to a touch switch and a signal source connected to the touch, and the control terminal of each of the touch switches is connected to the clock signal line corresponding to the touch. Compared to the prior art, the present invention provides a touch panel at least reduces the signal output lines and at least one lead pins, the present invention provides a touch panel and reduces the number of lead pins. The present invention further provides a display apparatus and a touch panel display.


Abstract This article is concerned with the management of the very vulnerable people who were brought to the attention of authorities concerned with the implementation of the Mental Deficiency Acts because of allegations of criminal and/or immoral behaviour. Scholars have long recognised that the identification of 'criminal defectives' was central to the campaign for and implementation of this legislation. To date however we know more about the policy debates than practical arrangements for the care of individuals. This is because discussions about vulnerable offenders have largely been separate from another strand of the historiography that seeks to focus on the personal experiences of service users and their families. It is perhaps too readily assumed that allegations of criminality disempowered families and communities. Evidence from the (Royal) Western Counties Institution, Starcross, suggests that contentious policies surrounding the admission of criminal defectives actually increased the number of people who were invited to make representations about such cases. Interestingly this did not always serve to the benefit of 'criminal defectives'.


OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary patterns associated with food insecurity are associated with poor longitudinal glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study, we ascertained food security (Food Security Survey Module), dietary pattern (Healthy Eating Index–2005 [HEI 2005]), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Puerto Rican adults aged 45–75 years with diabetes at baseline (2004–2009) and HbA1c at ∼2 years follow-up (2006–2012). We determined associations between food insecurity and dietary pattern and assessed whether those dietary patterns were associated with poorer HbA1c concentration over time, using multivariable-adjusted repeated subjects mixed-effects models. RESULTS There were 584 participants with diabetes at baseline and 516 at follow-up. Food-insecure participants reported lower overall dietary quality and lower intake of fruit and vegetables. A food insecurity*HEI 2005 interaction (P < 0.001) suggested that better diet quality was more strongly associated with lower HbA1c in food-insecure than food-secure participants. In adjusted models, lower follow-up HbA1c was associated with greater HEI 2005 score (β = −0.01 HbA1c % per HEI 2005 point, per year, P = 0.003) and with subscores of total vegetables (β = −0.09, P = 0.04) and dark green and orange vegetables and legumes (β = −0.06, P = 0.048). Compared with the minimum total vegetable score, a participant with the maximum score showed relative improvements of HbA1c of 0.5% per year. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity was associated with lower overall dietary quality and lower consumption of plant-based foods, which was associated with poor longitudinal glycemic control.


A velocity-free particle swarm optimiser with centroid is proposed. Similar to bare bones PSO, particles in the proposed algorithm only have position without velocity. Besides, not only the 'social' and 'cognitive' components of the particle swarm but also the 'centroid' component of the particle swarm is considered to update the particle position. In the 'centroid' component, the swarm's centroid is incorporated. The proposed algorithm determined by three real parameters is analysed theoretically and the convergent condition is derived. The theoretical analysis implies that the particle of the swarm tends to converge to a point among the triangle consisting of the personal best position, the global best position and the swarm's centroid. Because of discarding the particle velocity and using the 'centroid' information of swarm, the algorithm is simpler and more effective. The proposed algorithm is applied to some well-known benchmarks. The relative experimental results show that the algorithm achieves better solutions and faster convergence.


The capacitive power transfer (CPT) system and inductively power transfer (IPT) system are the two typical wireless power transfer systems. Based on the power transfer characteristics, the power transfer capacity of the two wireless power transfer systems were analyzed. Firstly, the maximum power transfer capacity and its existing condition of the two wireless power transfer systems were analyzed, and the choose gist of wireless power transfer system was presented according to the analysis result; then, the mutual inductance of 4 typical IPT systems was optimized for achieving maximum power transfer; finally, the theoretical research was justified via a simulation and experiment. Index Terms—capacitive power transfer (CPT), inductively power transfer (IPT); mutual inductance; optimization.


This study focuses on reconstructing the time-calibrated phylogeny of the nine families comprising the order Sapindales, representing a diverse and economically important group of eudicots including citrus, mahogany, tree-of-heaven, cashew, mango, pistachio, frankincense, myrrh, lychee, rambutan, maple, and buckeye. We sampled three molecular markers, plastid genes rbcL and atpB, and the trnL-trnLF spacer region, and covered one-third of the generic diversity of Sapindales. All three markers produced congruent phylogenies using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for a set of taxa that included outgroups, i.e., members of the closely related orders Brassicales and Malvales, and the more distantly related Crossosomatales, Ranunculales, and Ceratophyllales. All results confirmed the current delimitation of the families within Sapindales, and the monophyly of the order. Concerning inter-familial relationships, Biebersteiniaceae and Nitrariaceae formed a basal grade (or sister clade) to the rest of Sapindales with moderate support. The sister relationship of Kirkiaceae to Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae was strongly supported. The clade combining Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae as well as the clade combining Meliaceae, Simaroubaceae, and Rutaceae each received strong support. The sister relationship between Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae was moderately supported. The position of Sapindaceae could not be resolved with confidence. The Sapindales separated from their sister clade, comprising Brassicales and Malvales, in the Early Cretaceous at ca. 112 Ma, and diversified into the nine families from ca. 105 Ma until ca. 87 Ma during Early to Late Cretaceous times. Biebersteiniaceae and Nitrariaceae have the longest stem lineages observed in Sapindales, possibly indicating that extinction may have had a greater role in shaping their extant diversity than elsewhere within the order. Divergence within the larger families (Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Simaroubaceae) started during the Late Cretaceous, extending into the Paleogene and Neogene.


Orbiniidae is a diverse group of over 200 named species that are mainly burrowers in shallow to deep marine sediments.


The Nacionala elektronisko pla�sazinas lidzeklu
padome (National Electronic Mass Media Council), the national
regulatory authority, has been recently exploring legal options for
limiting retransmission of certain television broadcasts, which
might be contrary to Latvian and EU law. Within the context of the
Ukraine and Crimea crisis, the Council has received numerous
complaints that several Russian language television channels
contain broadcasts, which allegedly promote war and military
conflict, as well as include incitement to hatred and destruction
of the territorial unity of countries. Also, the Public
Consultative Council, a consulting body to the Council, is of the
opinion that several channels intentionally broadcast misleading
information unfavourable to Latvian territorial integrity.


Electrical power consumption is one of important manufacturing costs in enterprise.How to reduce the cost is a key element of an enterprise's existence and development.This paper analyses several aspects related to electrical power consumption of an enterprise's electrical power supply system,and also suggest how to reduce the electrical power consumption and improve the utility of an enterprise's electrical power supply system.


Let $\mathcal{P}$ be the set of all primes and $\psi(n)=n\prod_{n\in \mathcal{P},p|n}(1+1/p)$ be the Dedekind psi function. We show that the Riemann hypothesis is satisfied if and only if $f(n)=\psi(n)/n-e^{\gamma} \log \log n n_0=30$ (D), where $\gamma \approx 0.577$ is Euler's constant. This inequality is equivalent to Robin's inequality that is recovered from (D) by replacing $\psi(n)$ with the sum of divisor function $\sigma(n)\ge \psi(n)$ and the lower bound by $n_0=5040$. For a square free number, both arithmetical functions $\sigma$ and $\psi$ are the same. We also prove that any exception to (D) may only occur at a positive integer $n$ satisfying $\psi(m)/m<\psi(n)/n$, for any $m


The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a major subtype in the brain, have been shown to be modulated by chronic treatment with nicotine. In this study, the regulation of recombinant human α4β2 nAChR subtype by (−)-nicotine and other cholinergic channel modulators was studied using human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing this subunit combination. The treatment of transfected cells with (−)-nicotine and other activator ligands, including (−)-cytisine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium, (S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole, and (±)-epibatidine, resulted in concentration-dependent increases in the levels of α4β2 nAChRs. The increase in [3H]cytisine binding sites was initiated by low concentrations of (−)-nicotine (


In this paper a distributed parameter model of differential time-domain dielectric spectroscopy (DTDS) is proposed. It is aimed at addressing the limitations of the previously used universal model of DTDS for studying the effect of non-uniform ageing on the dielectric response of transformer insulation. The universal model of DTDS assumes that dipoles are subjected to the same ageing condition when they disperse randomly in insulation medium. It adopts the summation of a number of exponential functions to describe the collective effect of different dipoles on dielectric relaxation process. In contrast, the proposed distributed parameter model of DTDS considers that dipoles are subjected to different ageing conditions separately. It divides DTDS into a series of time windows and each exponential function in universal DTDS model is modelled as the summation of DTDS from each time window. The correlation between the characteristic parameters of the model of DTDS and insulation ageing is investigated. Accelerated ageing experiments and dielectric response measurements are conducted to verify the proposed distributed parameter model of DTDS.


In a supersymmetric model with hierarchical squark masses we analyze a pat- tern of avour symmetry breaking centered on the special role of the top Yukawa coupling


The Andaman Islands are located 120 km east of the Sunda trench in the northern quarter of the 1300 km long rupture zone of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake inferred from the distribution of aftershocks. Initial field reports indicate that several meters of uplift and up to a meter of submergence occurred on the western and eastern shorelines of the Andaman Islands, respectively, associated with the earthquake (Bilham, 2005). Satellite images also document uplift of western shoreline coral reef platforms above sea level. Body-wave (Ji, 2005; Yamamaka, 2005) and tide-gauge (Ortiz, 2005) slip inversions only resolve coseismic slip in the southern one-third to one-half of the rupture zone. The amount of coseismic slip in the Andaman Islands region is poorly constrained by these inversions. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a part of the NASA Earth Observing System, is being used to document the spatial pattern of Andaman Islands vertical displacements in order to constrain models of slip distribution in the northern part of the rupture zone. ICESat carries the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) that obtains elevation measurements from 80 m diameter footprints spaced 175 m apart along profiles. For surfaces of low slope, single-footprint absolute elevation and horizontal accuracies of 10 cm and 6 m (1 sigma), respectively, referenced to the ITRF 2002 TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid are being obtained. Laser pulse backscatter waveforms enable separation of ground topography and overlying vegetation cover. During each 33-day observing period ICESat acquires three profiles crossing the Andaman Islands. A NNE-SSW oriented track consists of 1600 laser footprints along the western side of North, Middle, and South Andaman Islands and 240 laser footprints across the center of Great Andaman Island. Two NNW-SSE tracks consist of 440 footprints across Middle Andaman Island and 25 footprints across the west side of Sentinel Island. Cloud-free profiles were acquired in the fall of 2003 and 2004. During February-March, 2005 ICESat's precise pointing capability will be used to exactly repeat these three profiles, with a cross-track accuracy of better than 100 m, providing trench- parallel and -perpendicular observations of topographic change of the Andaman Islands that will compliment geodetic field surveys. The observed elevation changes will be compared to models of coseismic deformation associated with the mainshock and large aftershocks in the Andaman Islands region.


A broad system of supplementation would involve substantially greater federal expenditures than anything now contemplated. The cost will range widely depending on the standard of need accepted as the "basic allowance" to individuals and families, and on the rate at which additional income above this level is taxed. Yet if the deepening cycle of poverty and dependence on welfare can be broken, if the children of the poor can be given the opportunity to scale the wall that now separates them from the rest of society, the return on this investment will be great indeed.


Significant changes are taking place in the banana production of Middle America. Disease has caused a disastrous decline in yields and increasing production costs. Disease is also encouraging a change in the relative importance of producing areas on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Central America. During the past decade, the Pacific Coast has been gaining rapidly. Other causes gave the Pacific increase momentum for some years before a new plant malady became a serious factor, but now Sigatoka, (pronounced Singatoka) or Cercospora muitsae, a leaf blight, has accelerated the Pacific trend. Increasing irrigation is taking place on both Central American coasts. A study of these and other changes in the Middle American banana industry will form the theme of this paper.


In Ulam's game Paul tries to 2nd one of n possibilities with q yes–no questions, while responder Carole is allowed to lie a 2xed number k of times. We consider an asymmetric variant in which Carole must say yes when that is the correct answer (whence the hal+ie ). We show that this variation allows Paul to distinguish between roughly 2 k as many possibilities as in Ulam's game.


Two cases of biopsy-proven ulcerative colitis are described, and both developed a leucoerythroblastic anaemia during the course of the acute illness. Despite intensive investigation for the presence of bone marrow infiltration, no neoplasm was demonstrated. The leucoerythroblastic anaemia remitted in each case on medical treatment of the ulcerative colitis. The possible mechanisms underlying the development of reversible leucoerythroblastic anaemia are discussed.


THE impact on the country and particularly on the scientists of the great success of government-supported war research and development work which led to radar, the atomic bomb, DDT, and a host of other things has led the scientist to become far more interested in political matters such as legislation on the control of atomic energy, on a national science foundation, on methods of improving the national health and so on, than he ever was in the years before the war. In seeking an outlet for this new political interest the chemist is immediately attracted to the nonpartisan liberal and progressive group, the Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions, which has been established for the avowed purpose of organizing political action among the professional people of America. The labor men have their unions, the manufacturers their NAM, but the professional people, many of them, have never before united together for combined action. ...


Within gear pair development, the simulation of loaded transmission error, line of action and summarized mesh point are crucial information in design optimization as well as reliability, NVH and efficiency prediction. These properties and variables are difficult to evaluate and are usually only assessed through proxy-variables such as unloaded transmission error or contact pattern assessment. Alternatively, large design loops can be generated when prototypes are produced to directly assess the results of reliability, NVH and efficiency and simulation models updated to the results, but not directly calibrated.

This work will showcase an advanced test facility with the unique capabilities to evaluate all gear contact types (including hypoid, beveloid, cylindrical and spiral) under loaded conditions while assessing position and force data that can be used to validate simulation models directly and enhance design development.

Results will be shown for the assessment of hypoid gear fatigue life while also showing the effect of manufacturing tolerances on performance and the evolution of these critical variables throughout the life as they vary with run-in and gradual flank wear.


The largest concession offers made by foreign businessmen to the Soviet government during the «military communism» period are considered. Those concession offers are remarkable because they had been made to the Soviet government before the Decree «On the General and Legal Conditions of Concessions» was accepted in Soviet Russia. That decree was also considered as the first harbinger of the Soviet yovemment withdrawal from the «military communism» policy.


The first attempts to measure PAF were based on bioassays using PAF-induced platelet aggregation and secretion and smoth muscle cell contraction. Other attempts to assay the PAF molecule included physicochemical procedures such as mass spectrometry with and without gas chromatography and fast atom bombardment and immunological procedures


Astigmatism is an important refractive condition in children. However, the functional impact of uncorrected astigmatism in this population is not well established, particularly with regard to academic performance. This study investigated the impact of simulated bilateral astigmatism on academic‐related tasks before and after sustained near work in children.


Phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Two copies of this enzyme are encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, one of which is located in plastids and the other one in the cytosol. Since loss-of-function of the plastidic isoform (PGI1) has already been analyzed and mutants have been shown to be starch-free, we were interested in the characterization of the cytosolic isoform (cPGI), which is involved in sucrose production.
Absence of homozygous T-DNA mutants from the progeny of heterozygous parent plants and decreased transmission efficiency of the mutant allele through male and female gametes indicated impairment of both gametophyte and embryo vitality and development. Since homozygous T-DNA mutants were not available, we employed an artificial micro RNA (amiRNA)-based approach. For this purpose, two independent amiRNAs (1 and 2) against the cPGI mRNA were designed and two lines (6 and 10) from amiR1-cpgi and three lines (8, 9 and 10) from amiR2-cpgi were chosen for further analyses. Although cPGI activity was completely lost, these plants were viable but reduced in growth, leaf area and fresh weight compared to the wild-type.
Furthermore, amiR-cpgi plants showed starch excess in chloroplasts and decreased sucrose content in leaves at the end of the night and an increased glucose content of cytosolic heteroglycans. In addition, simultaneous loss of cPGI activity and the ability to generate transitory starch led to severely impaired plant growth that could only be complemented by provision of external sucrose. These data suggest that amiR-cpgi plants may compensate loss of cPGI activity by partial starch degradation during the day which would provide an alternative source of glucose-6-phosphate necessary for sucrose production during the day. Moreover, photosynthesis in amiR-cpgi plants was impaired with plants displaying increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in mutant plants making them easily distinguishable from the wild-type (Col-0).
Taken together, results show that loss of cPGI function in mature leaves of amiR-cpgi mutants can be tolerated by the plant but strongly affects nocturnal starch breakdown and impacts the photosynthetic apparatus. However, during gametophyte and embryo development loss of cPGI function can apparently not be compensated metabolically, since viable homozygous T-DNA mutants could not be identified.


We use the daily opening and closing prices of eighteen dually-listed Hong Kong companies to investigate the transfer of pricing information between the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Evidence shows that (1) SEHK overnight returns respond significantly to change in LSE intraday returns, but the transmission process is not completed at the opening of the SEHK; (2) LSE overnight returns respond significantly to changes in SEHK intraday returns, but the transmission process is not completed at the opening of the LSE, either; (3) the impact is stronger moving from the LSE to the SEHK. This evidence indicates that information transfer runs in both directions and that most of the transmitted information continues to be processed throughout the following trading day (JEL G15). Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999.


Abstract Noble values ??contained in Subak finally set to make UNESCO as World Cultural Heritage in need of protection. The challenge is not only coming from the onslaught of tourism alone but the biggest challenge comes from farmers themselves , namely the lack of interest of young generation to carry on the profession as a farmer . This led to concerns about the sustainability and preservation of the water control system . Subak as one of the world 's cultural heritage contained in Sub Sukawati Gianyar regency which Subak Kulub Atas , Subak Kulub Bawah , and Subak Pulagan . Very important for the socialization of Subak as a world heritage , especially on the definition and management to the surrounding communities and the general location of the high school students in the District Sukawati Gianyar regency . Service activities that have been conducted in SMU 1 Sukawati, these students showed enthusiasm in listening to the material that we provide . After counseling , community service our team provides time for students to discuss around the water control system and world heritage , and there are many students who are interested and ask questions about how to preserve Subak and what they should do as the younger generation . As their young people are less interested in working in the agricultural sector , but they have the desire to preserve subak . Keywords: subak, world cultural heritage, agricultural


"Suftla," a technology that enables polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors to be transferred from one substrate to another, is on its way to commercialization. Realizing highly functional large‐scale integrated circuits on plastic, Suftla is on the verge of creating a new industry of flexible microelectronics. for the flexible microelectronics business to be viable, Suftla transfer yield must be as high as possible. In addition, devices formed on plastic must not be damaged during the fabrication process and must be durable enough for practical uses. Plastic engineering is one of the keys to solving thermal reliability problems faced by flexible microelectronics devices.


Aircraft observations during the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the western Pacific Ocean, phase B (PEM-West B), taken in February–March 1994, have been used to constrain a numerical model that calculates local concentrations of gaseous H2SO4 rates of homogeneous nucleation, and concentrations of newly formed, nanometer-sized particles. The data was selected from 13 flights over the western Pacific Ocean that covered an altitude range from the boundary layer (BL) to the upper troposphere (UT) and latitudes from 10°S to 60°N. The largest nucleation rates were calculated for the data from the flights over the temperate latitudes (λ>30°N). Within these latitudes, homogeneous nucleation rates averaged about 1–100 particles cm−3 s−1. Significantly smaller nucleation rates were calculated for the tropical (λ<20°N) and subtropical (20°N<λ<30°N) regions. In the tropics, average nucleation rates in excess of 10 particles cm−3 s−1 were limited to the UT. In the subtropics, large average nucleation rates in excess of 1 particle cm−3 s−1 were obtained in the BL and in the UT, and average rates of about 10−1 particles cm−3 s−1 were obtained for the rest of the troposphere. The relatively large nucleation rates calculated for the temperate latitudes could be largely attributed to the cold temperatures encountered in this region during the PEM-West B flights. For the data from the tropical and subtropical flights, little or no homogeneous nucleation was calculated for the average conditions encountered in the BL and midtroposphere (MT). Instead, significant nucleation was limited either to the UT or to several small-scale events. These enhanced nucleation events were generally characterized by spikes in relative humidity and low aerosol surface density. However, the strongest nucleation events, with homogeneous nucleation rates of about 10 particles cm−3 s−1, were associated with high concentrations of SO2, most likely as a result of pollution from the Asian continent. Our results imply that in regions in which homogeneous nucleation is dominated by small-scale fluctuations, approaches that attempt to infer nucleation rates using average or typical conditions will grossly underestimate the actual average rate of nucleation.


BACKGROUND
The performance of rural areas of Maharashtra in the family welfare programme has not been previously investigated.

METHODS
A study was carried out on the knowledge, attitudes and practice of contraception in 254eligible women from a rural area in Thane district, Maharashtra.

RESULTS
The knowledge and practice of different contraceptives, particularly of spacing methods, was significantly less amongst non-acceptors than acceptors. Husbands, health staff and media made little contribution towards contraceptive information, particularly, amongst nonacceptors, and teachers did not contribute to any extent in both groups. Significantly more non-acceptors reported the husband's attitude to be unfavourable. The tribals were poor (94%), illiterate (85%), reported an unfavourable attitude of the husband (35%) and wanted their daughters to be married at or below 17 years of age (63%).

CONCLUSIONS
The rural areas in Maharashtra need special attention in the family welfare programme.


The recent growth in the number of new and different types of devices for use with personal computers has challenged software engineers to plan new and better ways of developing software to run the devices. For Operating System/2® (OS/2®) device drivers, an improvement would be to code in a high-level language rather than to use assembly language. A practical and proven method of writing OS/2 device drivers in the C programming language is presented here. The C language was chosen because of its documented suitability as a systems programming language and because of its universal availability for use on small systems.