We consider how an advanced civilization might build a radiator to send gravitational waves signals by using small black holes. Micro black holes on the scale of centimeters but with masses of asteroids to planets are manipulated with a super advanced instrumentality, possibly with very large electromagnetic fields. The machine envisioned emits gravitational waves in the GHz frequency range. If the source to receiver distance is a characteristic length in the galaxy, up to 10000 light years, the masses involved are at least planetary in magnitude. To provide the energy for this system we posit a very advanced civilization that has a Kerr black hole at its disposal and can extract energy by way of super-radiance. Background gravitational radiation sets a limit on the dimensionless amplitude that can be measured at interstellar distance using a LIGO like detector.


The cellular environment plays an important role in growth and differentiation of fungi. Signal transduction cascades mediate communication between environmental signals and the cellular machinery regulating developmental programmes. Fungal pathogens of plants have to 'recognize' their susceptible hosts, penetrate any physical barriers, overcome host defences and proliferate in the invaded tissues. Recent work has established that cyclic AMP (cAMP) and conserved MAP kinase signalling pathways play crucial roles during pathogenesis in several plant-infecting fungi, including Botrytis cinerea. In all fungal pathogens analyzed so far, it has been demonstrated that the knock-out of genes whose products encode components of signaling cascades interferes with pathogen development. This chapter summarizes the recent progress in studying the function of genes that code for signalling components in


For the measurement of localization parameters in cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) ,a simple standard round bar measurement tool was designed,and a fast localization method based on the bar was proposed. The method should capture four projection images of the round bar tool in four positions of the CBCT imaging region,and then by using the imaging features of the tool in the CBCT system,five localization parameters influencing the image quality of the slice would be found out fastly. The ex-perimental results show that the method can obtain the localization parameters with sub-pixel precision in few minutes,and the image quality of the slice reconstructed by the parameters has been improved obviously.


In this study, source-contributions on PM2.5 concentrations in five regions of Busan and eighteen local authorities of Gyeongnam was estimated with the Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtensions with Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (CAMx-PSAT) for the whole year of 2016. The domestic contributions to the annual mean PM2.5 concentrations in Busan and Gyeongnam were 8.5 μg/m3 and 7.5 μg/m3, respectively. In Gyeongnam, the provincial selfcontribution to the annual mean PM2.5 was the higher (2.8 μg/m3) than that from the individual neighboring province. The contribution of Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Chungnam, and Ulsan to the annual mean PM2.5 in Gyeongnam were 1.2, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5 μg/m3, respectively. In Namhae-si and Hadong-gun, locating in the western part of Gyeongnam and adjacent to Jeonnam, the contributions of Jeonnam to the PM2.5 concentrations were higher than the provincial self-contribution. In Busan, the provincial self-contribution to the annual mean PM2.5 was 3.4 μg/m3. In particular, the self-contribution in the central western region, where Busan port is located, was highest among the five regions in Busan. However, the over-predicted NO2 and SO2 concentrations in this region can be in part due to the overestimations of NOx and SO2 emissions used in this study (i.e., Clean Air Policy Support System 2016). Among the neighboring provinces, the contribution of Gyeongnam showed the highest to annual mean PM2.5 in Busan for the year, followed by Ulsan, Gyeongbuk, and Chungnam. In Busan, the control measures on the Primary PM2.5 emissions are recommended to mitigate the PM2.5 concentrations due to the high emission-toconcentration conversion rate and the self-contribution.


The Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) has been considered as a potential power semiconductor device for high switching speed and high power density application since its commercialization. Compared with the traditional Si transistors, GaN HEMT has faster switching speed and lower on-off loss. As a result, it is more sensitive to the nonlinear parameters due to the fast switching speed. The subsequent voltage and current overshooting will affect the efficiency and safety of the GaN HEMT and power electronic systems. In this paper, an accurate switching transient analytical model for GaN HEMT is proposed, which considers the effects of parasitic inductances, nonlinear junction capacitances and nonlinear transconductance. The model characteristic of turn-ON process and turn-OFF process is illustrated in detail, and the equivalent circuits are derived for each switching transition. The accuracy of the proposed model can be verified by comparing the predicted switching waveform and switching loss with that of the experimental results based on the double pulse test (DPT) circuit. Compared with the conventional model, the proposed model is more accurate and matches better with the experimental results than the conventional model. Finally, this model can be used for analyzing the influences of gate resistance, nonlinear junction capacitances, and parasitic inductances on switching transient waveform and refining calculation switching loss.


The purpose of this study is to provide data for the primitive model of the planar electrical double layer, where ions are modeled as charged hard spheres, the solvent as an implicit dielectric background (with dielectric constant (cid:15) = 78.5), and the electrode as a smooth, uniformly charged, hard wall. We use canonical and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to compute the concentration profiles, from which the electric field and electrostatic potential profiles are obtained by solving Poisson's equation. We report data for an extended range of parameters including 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 electrolytes at concentrations c = 0.0001 (cid:12) 1 M near electrodes carrying surface charges up to σ = ± 0.5 Cm (cid:12) 2 . The anions are monovalent with a fixed diameter d (cid:12) = 3 Å, while the charge and diameter of cations are varied in the range z + = 1, 2, 3 and d + = 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 Å (the temperature is 298.15 K). We provide all the raw data in the supplementary material. © 2018 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


Capabilities and methods for snow mapping in mountainous areas using the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) on board of ENVISAT were investigated. For algorithm development the backscattering signatures of snow covered and snow free surfaces in Alpine valleys and on mountain slopes were studied with ASAR data of different look angles and polarizations in comparison with field measurements of snow properties and meteorological data. The algorithm for automatic generation of snow maps during the melting period with ASAR applies multi-temporal change detection, the same principle as the method developed for ERS SAR. Impacts of various look angles (swathes), polarisations and image modes of ASAR for snow classification have been studied. The investigations demonstrate the suitability of ASAR Image Mode, Alternating Polarisation Mode and Wide Swath Mode for snow mapping in mountain areas, and the preference for steep incidence angle modes (IS6 and IS7) to minimize the loss of information due to layover and foreshortening. Time series of ASAR derived snow maps were produced for Alpine watersheds, confirming the high potential of this product for runoff modelling and forecasting.


The aim of my Bachelor's Thesis was to examine on the new lunch menu list of the Aanekoski Food Services how the nutritional recommendations are realized. A uniform five-week-rotating lunch menu list, concerning the main ingredient of the lunch, was created for the Aanekoski Food Services. Based on this list it was possible to study the realization of the nutritional recommendations. Based on the research, the problematic points of the lunch menu list were charted in terms of nutrition. Uniform lunch menu lists were made for day care centres, schools and health centres to which also full-day nursing institutions are linked. The aim of the thesis was to improve the nutritional qualities of the school lunch of the Aanekoski Food Services. A qualitative research method was used in studying the new lunch menu list and the objective of the study was the whole new five-week-rotating lunch menu list of the school children. The nutritional quality of the lunch list was evaluated by researching the main nutrients on a gram level on the average, and by examining the percentage portions of the energy that was obtained from the lunch. Nutrient content calculations in the school lunch list were calculated by using the Aromi programme and the calculations were compared to school lunch recommendations based on the Finnish nutrition recommendations on the school lunches. . The research revealed that the nutrient quality of the new school lunch menu list seemed to be quite adequate on the percentage point of view. However, obtaining the nutrients on the gramme level was clearly below the recommendations in several nutrients. Researched on the gramme level, the protein recommendation was best realized. It could be examined as a followup study how much food little school children really eat in the canteens of the Aanekoski Food Services.


Antara Ibn Shaddad Al-Absi's Mu'allaqa is considered one of the most important
texts of poetry in the pre-Islamic era. Because it is an open text on multiple perspectives
and different interpretations, literary critics have paid attention to it, both ancient and
modern, in order to explain and reveal the features of its structure and composition and
discover its aesthetics, questions and poetic meanings. This study aims to read this poem an interpretative reading. This study benefits from "semiotics" in revealing the paths of meaning and producing the paths of meaning This hermeneutic approach ends up revealing one of the most fundamental questions of the text, which is the "The question of Being" that poets and philosophers took care of in all historical times. Moreover, this approach reveals the most important topics that branched from the main topic "The question of Being": Incomplete existence, the coincidence of being and free existence, the end of being and the consciousness crisis, existence and the question of entitlement, the legacy of possibilities and potentials and the question of transit.
Keywords: Being, Existence, Nihilism, Life, Death, Semiotics, Sign, Call, Capabilities,
Presence, Freedom,


Significance Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has generated intense excitement as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression. However, ketamine and its metabolites can act on a wide range of targets, including opioid receptors, which has raised concerns. Using behavioral and cellular assays in rodents, we find that blocking opioid function prevents the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. However, in contrast to ketamine, administration of a µ-opioid agonist is hedonic and ineffective on anhedonia/avolition. Furthermore, ketamine's cellular actions are both mimicked and occluded by an NMDAR antagonist but not by a µ-opioid agonist. These results suggest that ketamine does not act as a μ-opioid agonist, but functional μ-opioid receptors are permissive for the antidepressant effects of ketamine. Slow response to the standard treatment for depression increases suffering and risk of suicide. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can rapidly alleviate depressive symptoms and reduce suicidality, possibly by decreasing hyperactivity in the lateral habenula (LHb) brain nucleus. Here we find that in a rat model of human depression, opioid antagonists abolish the ability of ketamine to reduce the depression-like behavioral and LHb hyperactive cellular phenotypes. However, activation of opiate receptors alone is not sufficient to produce ketamine-like effects, nor does ketamine mimic the hedonic effects of an opiate, indicating that the opioid system does not mediate the actions of ketamine but rather is permissive. Thus, ketamine does not act as an opiate but its effects require both NMDA and opiate receptor signaling, suggesting that interactions between these two neurotransmitter systems are necessary to achieve an antidepressant effect.


Seven little-known Atlantic species of Bryozoa have been found in the Straits of Gibraltar and are re-described in this paper. For six species their known geographical ranges are significantly increased. They are illustrated by SEM for the first time. New ecological and anatomical data are included. Escharella hexaespinosa Aristegui, 1984 is considered to be a junior synonym of Escharella praealta (Calvet, 1907), n. comb.


Abstract Zn(thqdtc)2(TMEDA) (1), Cd(thqdtc)2(TMEDA) (2), Zn(2-mpipdtc)2(TMEDA) (3), and Cd(2-mpipdtc)2(TMEDA) (4) (where thqdtc=1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinedithiocarbamate, 2-mpipdtc=2-methylpiperidinedithiocarbamate,and TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectra. A single crystal X-ray structural analysis was carried out for complex 2. IR spectra of the complexes show the contribution of the thioureide form to the structures. The N13CS2 chemical shifts of Zn(dtc)2(TMEDA) are additionally deshielded compared with Zn(dtc)2 (dtc=thqdtc, 2-mpipdtc) owing to the increase in coordination number. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis of 2 showed that cadmium is in a distorted octahedral environment with a CdS4N2 chromophore. The acceptance of an additional neutral ligand by the tetrahedral dithiocarbamato complex of cadmium to form an octahedral adduct causes an increase in the Cd-S bond lengths.


The somatostatin analogues lanreotide and octreotide have previously been shown to be effective in controlling flushing and diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome. As lanreotide requires injection only every 10 days, compared with twice‐daily injections of octreotide, a direct comparison between these two treatments in terms of patient acceptability, patient preference, and efficacy in controlling symptoms was performed in patients with carcinoid syndrome.


Within cancer research population-based survival data are commonly used to identify clinical and molecular factors that are associated with the risk of death, progression, or similar end-points. As cancer patients may die from causes not related to cancer, it is sometimes of interest to quantify the patient survival relative to the survival of a relevant general population. From the time of diagnosis the patient mortality is typically elevated as compared to the general population, but for most cancer types the mortality difference decreases as patients remain alive. In paper I, we compare the conditional survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients in complete remission after first line R-CHOP(-like) therapy with the survival of the Danish general population. As mortality risks can be quantified in various ways, survival trends and risk factors may be detected in multiple ways. The conditional number of life years lost due to the cancer, termed the loss of lifetime function, provides an intuitive measure of the disease severity. However, computing this function is generally difficult due to censoring. Paper II evaluates methods for estimating the loss of lifetime function through simulations and real-world data for which complete follow-up is available. While cure is challenging to assess within cancer due to the risk of relapse, trends in the survival of cancer patients may be used to assess cure. In particular, if the patient mortality reaches the same level as the mortality of the general population, those patients who are still alive may be considered statistically cured of the disease. The time point at which this occurs is termed the cure point and provides useful information for health care planners as well as patients, particularly patients attending routine follow-up. However, its estimation is challenging for a number of reasons which are discussed in Paper III together with a new approach for estimating cure points. Cure models have previously been introduced to model the proportion of patients who are statistically cured. The most applied models rely on either simple parametric survival distributions or spline-based distributions with the strict assumption of a finite cure point. Paper IV introduces a general formulation of parametric cure models, which allows for a wide range of functional forms and time/covariate effects. While prognostic factors have been found for many lymphoma types, individual prognoses are often based on dichotomized clinical variables and grouped risks scores, which often result in a large loss of information. This can ultimately lead to patients receiving inaccurate information. Paper V evaluates the performance of commonly used prognostic scores within 11 frequent lymphoma types by comparing to a simple model relying on age and performance status alone, and a more refined modelling approach using vii


Unemployment insurance cost rates for newly covered employers and the corresponding tax burden under two sets of tax structures by type of farm are estimated by state. Livestock, dairy, and poultry farmers generally more than support the benefits their workers receive, which is not the case for fruit and vegetable farms. Under experience rating livestock and dairy farms tend to pay the minimum rate in half the states, while the maximum rate applies for fruit and vegetable farms in many states. Benefits received by workers vary also by type of farm and state and tend to be related to the cost rate.


The effect of multiple divided doses compared with single‐dose injections of antibodies to murine interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5 in their respective downregulation of IgE and eosinophilia developing in a model of allergic aspergillosis is investigated. BALB/c mice were exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens (Af) before and along with anticytokine antibodies. The kinetics of blood eosinophils, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in bone‐marrow cells, scrum levels of IgE and Af‐specific antibodies, Af‐induced cytokine production and mRNA, and lung histology were studied. The results indicate that only multiple anti‐IL‐5 antibodies were effective in maintaining baseline levels of blood eosinophils. Multiple anti‐IL‐4 antibodies also downregulated eosinophils in the bone marrow, lung, and peripheral blood, although to a lesser extent than in anti‐IL‐5 antibody‐injected mice. Significant correlation between the EPO activity and the eosinophil numbers in anticytokine antibody‐treated mice was observed. The different anti‐IL‐4 antibody treatments downregulated IgE to the same extent. We conclude that multiple divided doses of anti‐IL‐5 antibodies arc required to sustain normal eosinophil levels in murine allergic aspergillosis. This information may be significant in the therapy of pulmonary allergic diseases.


Objective To investigate the interaction between colon cancer cells and tumor associated cells (M2),and it' s influence to tumor cells' function.Methods LoVo cells [transfected with protein tyrosine phosphatase 3 (PRL-3)] and M2 cells were cocultured,Western blot were used to examine Ca2 +-activated K + channels (KCNN4) expression of M2 cells.And the invasion of LoVo cells also be detected.Results Used by Western blotting it is found out that KCNN4 of M2 cells is improved after cocultured with PRL-3 LoVo cells.Besides,coculture also improves the invasion of LoVo cells(3367 ± 135 vs.1442 ± 89,P < 0.05).When KCNN4 expression was blocked,the invasion of LoVo cells is reduced (1388 ±-87 vs.2893-± 163,P <0.05).Conclusion PRL-3 improves the invasion of LoVo cells through upregulating KCNN4 of M2 cells in the colon cancer microenvironment.

Key words:
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 3; Tumor associated macrophage; Ca2+-activated K + channels 4


Mobile radio communications users in the present decade have a wide variety of needs, depending upon the business in which they are engaged, the tasks they are required to perform, and the distances and areas over which they are required to operate. No single currently available infrastructure fulfils all these needs, so that pressure to share resources over larger and differing fleet compositions suggests a hybrid communications network solution is required. One possible arrangement, capable of many different configurations, and which may be easily customised, is described. The solution utilises digital switching technology, and the UK DTI specified MPT1327 signalling protocol for control.


In this work, the catalytic performance of Ni supported on ceria doped with Zr, Pr and Nb used as anodes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating directly on fuels containing methane and CO2 was studied. The anodes were prepared by a hydrothermal method using a Ni content (14 vol%) lower than that of a conventional SOFC anodes (30 vol%). The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. The results showed that the sample containing Zr exhibited the lowest Ni crystallite size, which led to a high initial activity on dry reforming of methane at 1073 K. However, the Ni/CePr catalyst showed the lowest carbon formation. This was attributed to the higher oxygen mobility of CePr support that promotes the carbon removal mechanism.


A review is accomplished on the Softcomputing approaches in the field of nuclear track measurements for polymer solid state nuclear track detectors which have been commonly used for passive dosimetry applications. Several works presented in the last two decades were addressed. A general scheme of a Softcomputing method for nuclear track measurement is expressed from a global viewpoint.


The purpose of the article is to identify ways to increase investment efficiency of the agricultural sector, identify factors influencing the formation of investment potential of the sector, which will outline the components of investment support models for the development of the agricultural sector. Methodology. The expediency of using the method of principal components is proved, which will solve the problem, because, unlike others, it allows to combine disparate indicators, is able to identify a sufficient number of characteristic factors in factor analysis and has other advantages over simple methods of factor analysis. The initial data were the indicators of investment activity of the agricultural sector of Ukraine for the period 2017-2022. The calculations were performed using the software product Statistica 10.0. Results. The use of the main components method allowed to identify four main directions of improving the investment efficiency of the agricultural sector, in particular, «investment architecture», «balancing the investment product», «investment climate» and «stimulating investment activity». Practical implications. The practical significance of the results is short- and medium-term prospects, the success of the new system of investment support for agricultural development will combine infrastructure for investment and the formation of growth points that are attractive to investors and eliminate barriers to investment between investors and Ukrainian companies. Value/originality. The new model of investment support for the development of the agricultural sector will have the above components and will provide a rationale for choosing priority areas of investment, investment sources, investor selection, identifying investment instruments, forecasting investment for the new period with analysis of previous performance.


Searching for local communities is an important research challenge that allows for personalized community discovery and supports advanced data analysis in various complex networks, such as the World Wide Web, social networks, and brain networks. The evolution of these networks over time has motivated several recent studies to identify local communities in temporal networks. Given any query nodes, Community Search aims to find a densely connected subgraph containing query nodes. However, existing community search approaches in temporal networks have two main limitations: (1) they adopt pre-defined subgraph patterns to model communities, which cannot find communities that do not conform to these patterns in real-world networks, and (2) they only use the aggregation of disjoint structural information to measure quality, missing the dynamic of connections and temporal properties. In this paper, we propose a query-driven Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (CS-TGN) that can capture flexible community structures by learning from the ground-truth communities in a data-driven manner. CS-TGN first combines the local query-dependent structure and the global graph embedding in each snapshot of the network and then uses a GRU cell with contextual attention to learn the dynamics of interactions and update node embeddings over time. We demonstrate how this model can be used for interactive community search in an online setting, allowing users to evaluate the found communities and provide feedback. Experiments on real-world temporal graphs with ground-truth communities validate the superior quality of the solutions obtained and the efficiency of our model in both temporal and interactive static settings.


Equimolar and non-equimolar heterocompounds of amino acids are examined with a common approach considering their molecular dimers, side chain structures and conformations.


Mainly rural women are engaged in agricultural activities in three different ways depending on the socio-economic status of their family and regional factors. They work as: Paid Labourers, Cultivator doing labour on their own land, Managers of certain aspects of agricultural production by way of labour supervision and the participation in postharvest operations. Types of agricultural activities taken up by women include the following


MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) is a wireless Ad-hoc network which has it's nodes working as transmitters and receivers. However, every node in a MANET will also be entrusted with the responsibility of being intermediaries to transmit and receive data for other nodes and thus act as routers. Nodes in a MANET can misbehave to save valuable resources, which can have a great impact on network performance and throughput. The proposed method introduces the concept of Trust Variable Factor (TVF) which enables to identify misbehaving nodes in MANET. Using TVF, the amount of data transmitted to identify misbehaving nodes can be reduced to a greater extent. The method can adapt to varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and would result in better throughput and performance.


The magnetic fluctuations due to, e.g., magnetohydrodynamic turbulence cause a magnetic-field line random walk that influences many cosmic plasma phenomena. The results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation of a turbulent magnetic field in plane geometry are presented here. Magnetic percolation, Levy flights, and non-Gaussian random walk of the magnetic-field lines are found for moderate perturbation levels. In such a case plasma transport can be anomalous, i.e., either superdiffusive or subdiffusive. Increasing the perturbation level a Gaussian diffusion regime is attained. The implications on the structure of the electron foreshock and of planetary magnetopauses are discussed.


Glassionomer cement for fissure sealing was applied in 79 permanent and 75 primary teeth in 39 children aged 1 to 8 years. After a year the effectiveness of fissure sealing (caries free sealed teeth) was 98,1 %. Complete sealant retention was revealed in 84,8 % teeth.


Cubic-phase distributions are employed as spatial filters in low-cost Fresnel lenses for passive infrared motion sensors. The mould for the fabrication of the lenses in polyethylene was manufactured by laser ablation on hard steel.


Food is a necessity in people's lives. Equally importantly, alcoholic beverages are also highly demanded globally due to the indispensable role they play in cultural, social, and ritual events. However, the production of food and alcoholic beverages suffers from a variety of contaminants, such as toxins, pesticides, antibiotic residues, and heavy metals, which are seriously harmful to human beings. These urgent threats have raised the awareness of the need to improve product quality and safety via developing effective, rapid, and economical monitoring and detecting methods. Fortunately, due to their numerous advantages, including high sensitivity, short response time, low cost, and easy portability, electrochemistry sensors have made huge contributions to ensuring the quality of food and alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this review is to introduce applications of electrochemical sensors to foods and alcoholic beverages, and to highlight the important role of carbon-based materials (i.e., carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) as electrochemical sensors in detecting various contaminants. In addition, the preparation methods of these carbon-based electrochemical sensors and corresponding detection mechanisms are discussed in detail. It is hoped that this review can inspire more innovative detection technologies for ensuring the safety of food and alcoholic beverages.


Pollution and climate change are two outcomes of the ever-increasing energy consumption that has accompanied the rise in urbanization and the overall human population; moreover, the current power grid cannot keep up with the rising electrical demand of recent decades. Relying on renewable energy sources is often cited as a way to address these issues as of late. Yet, the limitations of the existing power infrastructure render it impossible to implement solutions such as increasing the use of RE sources and optimizing energy consumption. A multitude of problems can be tackled by implementing the smart grids (SGs), but there are obstacles to their widespread adoption, such as security concerns, that can be addressed by employing cutting-edge technology like the Internet of Things (IoT). By increasing the effectiveness of energy systems and the utilization of renewable energy sources, IoT can be utilized to reduce the environmental impacts of energy consumption. From local to wide-area networks, IoT-enabled smart networks can improve performance in a variety of ways, including security, resource conservation, and cost savings. This paper will discuss the requirements for enabling the Internet of Things in SGs, the applications of IoT in SGs, standardization and protocols for implementation, and its challenges will be reviewed further.


The composition of self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains 60–70% coarse and fine aggregates, which are replaced by construction waste, such as recycled aggregates (RA). However, the complexity of its structure requires a time-consuming mixed design. Currently, many researchers are studying the prediction of concrete properties using soft computing techniques, which will eventually reduce environmental degradation and other material waste. There have been very limited and contradicting studies regarding prediction using different ANN algorithms. This paper aimed to predict the 28-day splitting tensile strength of SCC with RA using the artificial neural network technique by comparing the following algorithms: Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian regularization (BR), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient Backpropagation (SCGB). There have been very limited and contradicting studies regarding prediction by using and comparing different ANN algorithms, so a total of 381 samples were collected from various published journals. The input variables were cement, admixture, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and superplasticizer; the data were randomly divided into three sets—training (60%), validation (10%), and testing (30%)—with 10 neurons in the hidden layer. The models were evaluated by the mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R). The results indicated that all three models have optimal accuracy; still, BR gave the best performance (R = 0.91 and MSE = 0.2087) compared with LM and SCG. BR was the best model for predicting TS at 28 days for SCC with RA. The sensitivity analysis indicated that cement (30.07%) was the variable that contributed the most to the prediction of TS at 28 days for SCC with RA, and water (2.39%) contributed the least.


The educational world has recently shown that there have been more and more educational observers and practisioners who care about education, particularly in trying to imporve the quality of education. Samarinda is among many other cities in Indonesia that has an ethnical variety. The number of ethnics found to have inhabited Samarinda are: Javanese, Banjarese,  Buginese,  Kutainese,  Dayaks,  Bataks,  Ambonese,  Manadonese,  Chinese,  Butonese, and Maduranese. The ethnical variety can inevitably trigger different problems confronted by the community, particularly the students' ethincial background at schools. Survey showed that the VIII grade SMP students' learning results in Samarinda was was still low, The learning strategy that can facilitate these multi-ethnical students will be very helpful in improving their learning results. The learning strategy that can be applied upon multi-ethnical students is the Snowballing cooperative learning strategy. This study aims to find out the influence of the Snowballing strategy upon critical thinking, cognitive learning results, and both of them play role in developing social attitude of multi-ethnic SMP students in Samarinda.  Activites in the study consist of two stages: 1) survey research 2) the experiment-quasy research. Results of the Ancova tests indicated that there was a significant result of the Snowballing learning strategy upon the critical thinking, cognitive learning result and students. There was a significan influence of multi-ethnic condition upon critical thinking, cognitive learning result students. Javanese-ethnic students have the highest critical thinking ability and cognitie learning results compared to the their ethnic groups such as Banjarnese, Bugisnese, Kutainese and Dayaks. The SMP biology science teachers of Samarinda are suggested that they implement both snowballing cooperative strategies, as they have been proven to have been able to improve students' critical thinking ability and cognitive learning results. Kata Kunci: Snowballing , Multietnik, Berpikir Kritis.


Background of the paper constitutes conclusive research on the theoretical basis of translation, the method of compensation for the cultural untranslatability of translation, and translation techniques. This research uses textual analysis to examine the method of compensation in the novel Siddhartha, when translated into English and Chinese. The findings of this research were compiled and discussed in the broad area of impact regarding cultural untranslatability, and the solution to cultural translation. From this work, it is evident that the use of this technique is an effective method for analysing cultural untranslatability.


For fifty years, from the start of television transmissions in around 1937, there was a rather slow evolution of new technology and services. Admittedly, by 1987, semiconductors had largely replaced valves in television sets; there were four national channels; colour had been introduced; and teletext was becoming standard on the larger television sets. Yet these changes and the leisurely pace with which they were introduced seem modest compared to what has followed in the decade since 1987.


In-Field Liner (IFL) is generally a flexible composite liner pipe, where it is commonly
used nowadays to replace the degraded oil and gas steel pipeline. This project is aimed
to determine the feasibility and the capability of IFL pipe to sustain the force exerted by
the pulling cable in the pulling process to replace the degraded underwater steel pipeline
for oil and gas application. There are two main concerns for this project, which are to
design a pulling head for IFL pipe and analysis of the IFL pipe in term if its reaction to a
certain amount of pulling force used in the pulling process. For design purposes, CATIA
V5R20 software is used whereas ANSYS v14.0 software is used for analysis and
simulation purposes. The pulling head design is created using CATIA software
according to the specifications of IFL pipe, so that the pulling head will fit properly on
the IFL pipe when it is attached. For analysis of IFL pipe, the Finite Element Analysis
(FEA) model of IFL pipe in its folded configuration (U-shaped form) will be simulated
using ANSYS software in order to determine the ability of IFL pipe to withstand the
pulling force exerted by the pulling cable and its reaction to the pulling load will be the
priority of this project as this will determine the relevancy and the feasibility of the
replacement process by pulling the IFL pipe through the inner side the degraded steel
pipeline


The antimalarial/anticancer (human skin cancer) properties of 11 small organosulfur compounds, some of which show antifungal and antileukemic activity, were determined using in vitro assays. Some compounds had little or no antimalarial/anticancer activity while others were highly active with IC50 values in the low µM range. Three disulfides (3, 7, 9) show encouraging activity, viz: low activity against CHO (representative mammalian) cells and significantly higher activity against human malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) cells and human skin cancer (C32) cells.


Taking a structure of single-degree freedom as analyzed object, the problem of structural dynamic response to blasting vibration loads was transformed into the problem of that to a series of simple harmonic loads with wavelet packet method. A safety criterion of structural response to blasting vibration has been put forward, which is more detailed, reasonable and scientific than others in use with involving parameters related to structural characteristics, blasting energy, blasting amplitude, blasting frequency and blasting duration.


Decision fusion in adversarial setting is receiving increasing attention due to its relevance in several applications including sensor networks, cognitive radio, social networks, distributed network monitoring. In most cases, a fusion center has to make a decision based on the reports provided by local agents, e.g. the nodes of a multi-sensor network. In this paper, we consider a setup in which the fusion center makes its decision on the status of an observed system by relying on the decisions made by a pool of local nodes and by taking into account the possibility that some nodes maliciously corrupt their reports to induce a decision error. We do so by casting the problem into a game-theoretic framework and looking for the existence of an equilibrium point defining the optimum strategies for the fusion center and the malicious nodes. We analyze two different strategies for the fusion center: a strategy recently introduced by Varshney et al. in a cognitive radio setup and a new approach based on soft identification of malicious nodes. The superior performance of the new decision scheme are demonstrated by resorting to the game-theoretic framework introduced previously.


Current approaches for the design of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) systems involve the replication of Alternative Dispute Resolution practices such as mediation and negotiation. Though such systems have been found to be popular, there are concerns that these systems fail to take into account judicial practices. In this paper a system that supports disputants' decisions making when engaged in an online dispute is advanced. The system, Re-Consider, is an Australia Family Law ODR system, that is based on judicial reasoning modelled with Bayesian belief networks and provides disputants with decision support in the dispute. It is believed that this approach provides disputants with an online resolution process that will help them to reach outcomes that take judicial practices into account and presents a step toward more deliberative form of online dispute resolution.


INTOI is a rear-projection setup which combines accurate pen tracking with hand gesture recognition. The hardware consists of an Anoto pattern printed on a special rear-projection foil and an infrared tracking system. INTOI is a low-cost system that is scalable and provides highly accurate input (to less than 1mm). Finally, our setup supports a novel multi-user interaction that combines simultaneous interaction of both hand and pen gesture input.


. We define the cobordism group of Morse functions on manifolds and show that it is an infinite cyclic group for dimension two in the oriented case. We also give an explicit Morse function which gives a generator of the group.


The features of the process of formation of value orientations at literature lesson are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the issue of values and the specific influence of literature on the formation of personality.


DA COSTA, F. G. Employing nonlinear time series analysis tools with stable clustering algorithms for detecting concept drift on data streams 2017. 102 p. Doctoral dissertation (Doctorate Candidate Program in Computer Science and Computational Mathematics) – Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2017. Several industrial, scientific and commercial processes produce open-ended sequences of observations which are referred to as data streams. We can understand the phenomena responsible for such streams by analyzing data in terms of their inherent recurrences and behavior changes. Recurrences support the inference of more stable models, which are deprecated by behavior changes though. External influences are regarded as the main agent actuacting on the underlying phenomena to produce such modifications along time, such as new investments and market polices impacting on stocks, the human intervention on climate, etc. In the context of Machine Learning, there is a vast research branch interested in investigating the detection of such behavior changes which are also referred to as concept drifts. By detecting drifts, one can indicate the best moments to update modeling, therefore improving prediction results, the understanding and eventually the controlling of other influences governing the data stream. There are two main concept drift detection paradigms: the first based on supervised, and the second on unsupervised learning algorithms. The former faces great issues due to the labeling infeasibility when streams are produced at high frequencies and large volumes. The latter lacks in terms of theoretical foundations to provide detection guarantees. In addition, both paradigms do not adequately represent temporal dependencies among data observations. In this context, we introduce a novel approach to detect concept drifts by tackling two deficiencies of both paradigms: i) the instability involved in data modeling, and ii) the lack of time dependency representation. Our unsupervised approach is motivated by Carlsson and Memoli's theoretical framework which ensures a stability property for hierarchical clustering algorithms regarding to data permutation. To take full advantage of such framework, we employed Takens' embedding theorem to make data statistically independent after being mapped to phase spaces. Independent data were then grouped using the Permutation-Invariant Single-Linkage Clustering Algorithm (PISL), an adapted version of the agglomerative algorithm Single-Linkage, respecting the stability property proposed by Carlsson and Memoli. Our algorithm outputs dendrograms (seen as data models), which are proven to be equivalent to ultrametric spaces, therefore the detection of concept drifts is possible by comparing consecutive ultrametric spaces using the Gromov-Hausdorff (GH) distance. As result, model divergences are indeed associated to data changes. We performed two main experiments to compare our approach to others from the literature, one considering abrupt and another with gradual changes. Results confirm our approach is capable of detecting concept drifts, both abrupt and gradual ones, however it is more adequate to operate on complicated scenarios. The main contributions of this thesis are: i) the usage of Takens' embedding theorem as tool to provide statistical independence to data streams; ii) the implementation of PISL in conjunction with GH (called PISL–GH); iii) a comparison of detection algorithms in different scenarios; and, finally, iv) an R package (called streamChaos) that provides tools for processing nonlinear data streams as well as other algorithms to detect concept drifts.


Cross sections for excitation of the nuclear isomers {sup 167{ital m}}Er, {sup 179{ital m}}Hf, and {sup 184{ital m}}W in inelastic scattering of {gamma} rays have been determined. The measurements were made in the energy range 4--12 MeV with a step {Delta}{ital E}=0.5 MeV. At {ital E}=6 MeV an estimate of the isomeric ratios was made. The strong dependence of the magnitude of the ({gamma},{gamma}{prime}){sup {ital m}} reaction and the isomeric ratio on the difference of the ground-state spin {ital J}{sub {ital g}} and the isomeric-state spin {ital J}{sub {ital m}}, {Delta}{ital J}={vert bar}{ital J}{sub {ital g}}{minus}{ital J}{sub {ital m}}{vert bar}, is explained by a significant admixture of two-quantum transitions in the {gamma} cascade which populates the isomeric state.


This paper presents the analyzed results of small-signal stability of a wind-turbine generator based on dynamic-slip induction generator (DSIG) connected to an infinite bus through a step-up transformer and a transmission line. The q-d axis equivalent-circuit model is derived to establish the complete system model under three-phase balanced condition. A lead-lag power oscillation damping controller (PODC) for modulating the rotor's external resistance of the studied wind DSIG is designed by using phase-compensation method to improve the damping of the wind DSIG under different operating conditions. The geometric measure of observability is also employed to select a suitable feedback signal for the designed PODC. A systematic method using a frequency-domain approach based on eigenvalue analysis and a time-domain approach based on nonlinear-model simulations are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the designed PODC. It can be concluded from the simulation results that the rotor's external resistance joined with the designed PODC is capable of improving damping of the studied wind DSIG under different operating conditions.


Tractor domestic generator G1000V was chosen as a mobile power source for heating viscous protective materials during conservation of agricultural machines. Generator drive from tractor PTO with the reverse rotation of the shaft to the left negatively affects the ventilation and cooling of its body, and leads to a decrease in power. Studies of the thermal mode of operation of the generator under a load of 620 W showed that during normal (right) rotation of the fan wheel, the generator housing heats up by 10 °C. The wheel casing heats up to 60 °C during reverse (left) rotation, and the power is reduced by 4%. P The cooling efficiency of the generator with radial blades is practically the same as cooling with forward inclined blades in reverse application. Changes in the configuration and parameters of the impeller with radial blades are made in reverse application to improve the cooling of the G1000V generator housing. Cutting the wheel ribs by 1/3 of the height and the protrusions on the periphery of the flange with the blades bent by 20° to the left made it possible to reduce the generator heating temperature by 13°C. The backward bending of the ends of the radial blades at an angle of 40-45° to the radius of the wheel contributed to a decrease in the temperature of the generator housing by 18°C. The parameters of the rational configuration of the fan wheel for the G1000V generator were obtained as a result of the research. The use of such a wheel provided a 2.8-fold reduction in the thermal load on the generator during reverse use on a mounted conservation unit.


To discover a novel structural lead compound for developing antitumor agents, 4-amino-5-pyridin-3-yl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol(1) was S-etherized with iodomethane to give the intermediate of 4-amino-3-methylsulfanyl-5-pyridin-3-yl-1,2,4-triazole(2) followed by condensation with various aromatic aldehydes to afford the title compounds of seven novel Schiff bases, 4-(aromatic methyl)imino-3-methylsulfanyl-5-pyridin-3-yl-1,2,4-triazoles(3a~3g). Their antitumor activity against SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 cells were evaluated by MTT method in vitro, and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS spectrum data and elemental analysis. Among synthesized compounds, 3c, 3e and 3f showed potential antitumor activity with the IC50 of 3.8, 2.0,1.3 and 2.5, 2.5, 1.1 μmol/L against SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 cells, respectively.


Increased left ventricular mass has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes including incident cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. Such associations have been studied in relation to total left ventricular hypertrophy, while the regional distribution of myocardial hypertrophy is extremely variable and the clinical significant and genetic associations of such variability requires further study. Here, we use deep learning derived phenotypes of disproportionate patterns of hypertrophy, such as apical hypertrophy and septal hypertrophy, to study genome-wide and clinical associations in addition to and independent from total left ventricular mass within 35,268 UK Biobank participants. Adjusting for total left ventricular mass, apical hypertrophy is associated with elevated risk for cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation, and the risk for cardiomyopathy was increased for subjects with increased apical or septal mass even in the absence of global hypertrophy. We identified seventeen genome-wide associations for left ventricular mass, three unique associations with increased apical mass, and three additional unique associations with increased septal mass. Further studies are needed in multi-ethnic cohorts.


By analyzing the purpose of cleaning strip,the current cleaning methods of steel tape,and introducing the focused ultrasonic transducer principle,explained the whole structure,process,technical parameters of the focused ultrasonic steel tape cleaning machine,as well as customized design of it.Finally,summed up the advantages and application trend of continuous steel tape cleaning machines.


The use of fossil fuels currently dominates world-wide energy production. While there are many alternatives to the use of coal, oil, natural gas, and other fossil fuels, published projections show that fossil fuels will continue to provide the bulk of the world's expanding energy needs in the foreseeable future. Given its vast reserves and the rapidly developing clean-coal technologies, coal is projected to assume an increasingly important role. Yet increasing use of these fossil fuels presents many challenges of world-wide significance, including control of acid rain, emissions of toxic compounds and trace metals, particulate emissions, and carbon oxide emissions. Further, with the expanding world energy needs, ever-increasing efficiencies for generation of power and industrial heat are essential


Objective To establish a new procedure for the quantification of cell proliferation on the cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Methods (1)The neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured by the differential attachment technique and were identified with light microscopy,electromicroscopy and immunocytochemistry. (2)At different concentrations of fetal calf serum(FCS),BrdU incorporation and WST\|1 metabolic activity on the cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were measured simultaneously with BrdU,WST\|1 ELISA. Results (1)The cultured cells identified by morphology and SP staining with vimentin showed the characteristic of fibroblasts. (2)At 0, 1%, 2 5%, 5% and 10% FCS,the absorbance spectra(optical density) of BrdU incorporation and WST\|1 cleavage products on the cultured cardiac fibroblasts were following respectively:0 186±0 025, 0 300±0 073; 0 466±0 049, 0 531±0 072; 0 76±0 039, 0 716±0 064; 0 834±0 048, 0 833±0 073 and 0 905±0 064, 0 935±0 053(P0 01). Conclusion (1)WST\|1 can be metabolized by the viable cardiac fibroblasts,thus WST\|1 ELISA is suitable for proliferation research of this cell type. (2)The combination of BrdU and WST\|1 ELISA can be used for the simultaneous measurment of DNA synthesis and metabolic activity and as a new procedure for the quantification of cell proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.\;


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONMelting of metals is a very interesting physical phenomenon. The exact theoretical calculation about it involves the calculation of free energy in solid and liquid states, which is very difficult. Starting from the vibration amplitude of atoms, Lindemann gave the well-known melting law, which has been extensively applied to the melting phenomenon. The depen-


Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has developed a novel hazardous dispersion model with support from the Defense Special Weapons Agency. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is based on an unstructured prismatic grid. OMEGA has the capability to adapt its grid statically as well as dynamically. The grid can adapt to a set of user defined criteria such as shoreline, terrain, particle locations and velocity deformation. Considerable reduction in CPU time is achieved by dynamically adapting the grid. This paper gives an overview of the OMEGA model and describes the grid-generation scheme used by the model. To our knowledge, OMEGA is the only fully operational atmospheric model with spatial and dynamic grid adaptation capabilities. Introduction The accurate solution of any complex computational problem depends on fine spatial discretization of the computational domain. The degree of grid refinement is usually constrained by CPU restrictions and by run time expectations. In atmospheric flow simulations, a large amount of CPU time is required by planetary boundary layer physics, cloud microphysics and radiation transfer calculations. For real-time flow predictions, optimizing the degree of grid refinement, given the CPU constraint, becomes crucial. The use of unstructured grids simplifies this problem by adapting to regions where a high degree of resolution is required, such as shorelines and areas of large terrain gradients, (e.g., see Fig. 1). Further improvement in the solution accuracy can be made by adapting the grid dynamically. Dietachmayer and Droegemeier [1] and Fiedler et. al. [2] have approached dynamic grid adaptation using structured grids. Their methodologies have been restricted to idealized problems so far and are not suitable for real atmospheric flow simulations which can include complicated terrain features. Fig. 1: OMEGA grid for southern England and part of France. The grid refines automatically to resolve the shoreline and regions of steep terrain. Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA): An Overview A detailed and comprehensive description of OMEGA is given in [3], [4] and some validation cases are discussed in [5]. For the sake of completeness, however, we describe the OMEGA model briefly here. Apart from the use of unstructured grids, OMEGA is unique because it is fully-compressible and has an embedded atmospheric dispersion model. The discretization of the Navier-Stokes equation is based on Smolarkiewicz's multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm [6]. Time-splitting is done by defining areas or masks which require larger or smaller time steps (depending on cell size). Time step sub-cycling is performed over smaller cells. Our results have shown a reduction in CPU time of more than 25 percent by using this technique while maintaining the CFL criteria. Sub-grid scale diffusion is parameterized using a 2.5 order turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) closure after Mellor and Yamada [7]. Detailed surface layer physics is included in the model which takes into account the inhomogenities of soil-type, vegetation, landuse, sea surface temperature, sub-soil moisture and sub-soil temperature, etc. Both longwave and shortwave radiation are treated in the model to account for heat sinks and sources created by Earth's diurnal cycle. The model also includes cumulus parameterization as well as explicit cloud microphysics. OMEGA's embedded atmospheric dispersion model can be run in Eulerian or Lagrangian mode. An easy-to-use graphical user interface makes pre-processing, grid-generation, model run and post-processing a user-friendly, seamless and efficient process. Mesh Generation OMEGA's mesh generation is based on the algorithm developed by Lottati and Eidelman [8]. User input defines the lateral bounds of the computational domain in terms of latitude and longitude. The grid-generation process starts by creating a rectangular structured grid which is then triangularized. Refinement is based on a set of criteria, which are cast in the form of a weighting function. Cells which are on a land-water boundary (static adaptation) or contain particles (dynamic adaptation) are tagged for refinement (Fig. 2). Tagged cells are then trisected (Fig. 3, left) by adding a vertex in the center of the triangle or bisected by adding a vertex on one of the triangle edges. Refinement by bisecting the edges becomes especially useful in the boundary cells. To improve the quality of new triangles created, the common edge of two adjacent triangles is swapped in a reconnection process (Fig. 3, right). The grid is relaxed by moving the vertices to the center of the polygon surrounding it. Compared to the classic h-refinement, this method is faster because it does not require keeping information about the initial grid and subsequent grids after each refinement cycle. Fig. 2: Cells are tagged for refinement, based upon a set of criteria. Fig. 3: Grid after relaxation and reconnection steps. The grid is coarsened where finer spatial discretization is not essential, for example, in regions of flat terrain or small gradients. Triangles which have bad aspect ratios can cause numerical instabilities and also need to be deleted. Coarsening is done by removing a vertex followed by the reconnection and relaxation steps to fill the void. After the unstructured grid in the horizontal has been generated, the vertices are projected upwards, radially from the center of the Earth (see Fig. 4). The vertical grid can have levels of constant or variable heights. For boundary layer flows, it is desirable to have finer resolution in the vertical close to the surface. The stretched grid can be generated by specifying the height of the first level and the stretch ratio. This insures finer vertical resolution near the surface. The vertical grid is terrain following at the surface, but has a constant mean sea level altitude at the top of the computational domain. Fig. 4: OMEGA coordinate system. The vertical grid is generated by projecting the vertices radially upwards, from the center of the Earth. During the dynamic adaptation, as new cells are generated, all the physical variables are interpolated using a pseudo-Laplacian weighted averaging scheme suggested by Holmes and Connell [9]. The pseudo-Laplacian for a vertex can be defined as, (1) stability requires the weights, to be as close to unity as possible,


or cancelled! The management of these adapted and modified in this and The objective of this work was to describe the clinical, para-clinical and evolutionary parameters of patients with COVID 19 hospitalized at the department. g/L) and thrombocytopenia


After the Revolution of 1911 and the May Fourth Movement,the ethos of modern times filled,and the Confucianism-based ideology gradual disintegrated.The Chinese Communists adhere to the guidance of Marxism,and eventually established the dominant position of the social ideology of Marxism in China,efforts to achieve the social ideology of the people and democracy.


Submitted for the DFD19 Meeting of The American Physical Society Complex network-based Lagrangian analysis of turbulent mixing in channel flows at different Reynolds numbers GIOVANNI IACOBELLO, STEFANIA SCARSOGLIO, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, HANS KUERTEN, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, LUCA RIDOLFI, Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy — Turbulent mixing is a fundamental issue in many applications, from natural phenomena to industry. In the Lagrangian viewpoint, typical investigations involve the temporal evolution of pairwise mean-square separation or multi-particle shape evolution. In this work, recent advances in complex networks are exploited to study turbulent mixing in a Lagrangian framework. The dynamics of a set of fluid particles is geometrized in a time-dependent complex network, in which nodes correspond to groups of particles and link activation is based on particle spatial proximity. A turbulent channel flow setup is considered at different Reynolds numbers, with the aim to highlight the relative intensity of advection and mixing. Specifically, accurate direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows are performed, with Reynolds number between 180 and 950. By doing so, the network-based approach is able to capture the temporal development of particle dynamics due to the turbulent motion, as well as transient and long-term features of wall-normal turbulent mixing. Based on present findings, Lagrangianbased networks can pave the way for a systematic network-based investigation of turbulent mixing, thus extending the level of information of classical statistics. Giovanni Iacobello Dept of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino Date submitted: 01 Aug 2019 Electronic form version 1.4


This paper which combined with the actual development of the design Institute discussed some situation related of project general contracting.Including the advantages of design enterprises engaged in project contracting(EPC);how to improve the comprehensive strength of the Design Institute;Design enterprises must change the idea when he want to Go the way of project general contracting;project general contracting is a new impetus for the development of enterprises.


Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature of the disease, the surgical procedures, complications, and survival of preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from two tertiary care referral neonatal intensive units in central India.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of a cohort of 110 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 36 weeks and weight less than 1600 g infants diagnosed to have NEC were followed for 90 days. All the neonates were born between January 2015 and December 2017 and treated at two neonatal intensive care units. Infants with sepsis, congenital gastrointestinal anomalies, major cardiac problems, and intraventricular hemorrhage were excluded.Results: Mean gestational age in this cohort was 32.40 ± 3.87 weeks, and the mean age of NEC onset was 13.04 ± 3.54 postnatal days. There were 39 neonates with Stage 1, 45 with Stage 2, and 26 with stage 3 NEC. Pneumoperitoneum, positive paracentesis and progressive clinical deterioration were the indications for laparotomy. The most common complications were sepsis 97/110 (88.18%). Post-operative complications occurred in 22 (84.61%) infants, wound infection in 19 (73.07%), intestinal stricture in 9 (34.61%), wound dehiscence in 7 (26.92%), stoma stenosis in 3 (11.53%), ileostomy prolapse in 2 (7.69%), and burst abdomen in 1 (3.84 %). The overall 90-day survival rate was 87.27% (96/110), and the post-operative survival rate was 46.15% (12/26). The age of gestation, weight, and extent of the disease were the main risk factor for mortality.Conclusion: The short-term outcomes for Stage 3 NEC were associated with high morbidity and mortality. The outlook for infants with Stage 1 and 2 NEC was favorable.


As with many OECD countries, graduating medical students have been choosing specialist careers at a greater rate than ever before. Generalism in the form of family (general practice) and more generalist medical specialties have been trending down resulting in distributional geographic challenges. With the advent of COVID-19 in March 2020, medical schools and in particular the Joint Medical Program situated in a regional and rural area in NSW Australia had the unique opportunity to rethink the penultimate year curriculum when the previous rapid rotation model through numerous medical specialities became untenable. The need to vision a new practical pragmatic curriculum spurred a rapid revaluation of assessment, placement length and model with a pivot to an "embedded senior student placement" agnostic of discipline and supported by a competency-based learning portfolio. This article explores the barriers and enablers and identifies the potential elements of this type of placement which can be adapted to community and smaller rural sites. The positive student and supervisor experience also enabled an employment model to be woven into the students learning and ensured on hand medical student workforce for hospitals throughout the rural footprint. The capacity of these placements to celebrate variation in experience and support students to learn on the job have now caused a revision of the penultimate year with expectation of gains in students' satisfaction and in employability. It has also opened up options to deliver and increase the inherent value of generalist placements with likely long term workforce benefit.


tious illness (1—6). The cause and physiologic signiui cance of the low serum T3 levels is still unknown. Using a rabbit model, we previously reported a rapid (within 4 hr) reduction in serum T3 levels and a reciprocal rise in 3,3',S'-tri-iodothyronine (rT3) levels during endo toxin-induced fever (7). Serum 14 levels showed a less marked reduction during endotoxin fever and rebounded above basal levels at 24 hr. No similar effects were ob served with hyperthermia. These results raised the question of whether this rapid alteration of thyroid hormone levels was related to a decrease in hormone production and release or to an increase in metabolism. In an attempt to answer this question, we injected rabbits with high-specific-activity I251]T3or [I251]T4,induced fever with endotoxin or raised body temperature with externally applied heat, and then compared the disap pearance of II25 with that in controls.


The present invention, a) a first epoxy resin, b) 1,3-diene and a polar ethylenically unsaturated second epoxy resin modified with copolymer based on comonomer, c) toughener and d) a polyester segment polymers comprising (this polymer is at least partially crystalline at room temperature and has a softening temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 125 ° C.) relates to an epoxy adhesive composition comprising a. The present invention further without pre-cured epoxy adhesive composition, relates to a vehicle use and its components of the epoxy adhesive composition for bonding parts of the vehicle are joined by the epoxy adhesive composition.


The process algebra CSP is tailored for the specification and verification of reactive systems. Such systems react upon external stimuli by adjusting their internal behavior, e.g., to recover from errors. Adaptive systems can be regarded as a subclass of reactive systems in the sense that such systems react by adapting to changes propagated by some stimulus. In this paper, we use CSP for the specification, verification and implementation of adaptive systems. This enables us to use standard CSP tools such as FDR, ProB or the CSP-Prover for the verification of such systems. Furthermore, we present an approach for the implementation of systems specified in CSP.


As a measure to promote securities issuance,road show has a positive effect on strengthening information disclosure,protecting the interests of securities investor,and stabilizing the securities market order. In the view of civil law,road show itself does not contain clear contracting intention,only consults the real intention of the investors to subscribe. So it has the attribute of invitation to offer. Before the contract comes into effect,the obligation or provided condition,which the invitation to offer stipulates,is violated by who makes the invitation to offer. If the offer is made due to reliance on that information and the offered incur losses,who makes the invitation to offer should bear the liability for negligence in contracting. Prior to the completion of securities transactions,the investors who have suffered losses because of the false information on road show can ask securities issuers to take the liability for negligence in contracting.


The goals in dispute resolution classes are myriad: build awareness, build understanding of the parties in conflict, and build skills to name a few. Experiential learning theory suggests that "adventure learning" in which students can physically and emotionally encounter the conflict will ensure even greater learning of all of these goals. This essay reflects our thinking and pedagogy in delivering a particular course on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict which included a one-week trip to Israel over spring break. From the perspective of the professor who planned the trip and a student who has now participated in two of these trips, we share our narrative, outlining elements before and during the trip as well as assessments conducted after we returned.


Vaccination Coverage Levels — Continued The Nati al Immunization Survey (NIS) is an ongoing survey to provide national, state, and selected urban area estimates of vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months. CDC implemented NIS in April 1994 as one element of the five-part Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) (1 ), a national strategy to achieve and maintain high vaccination levels among children during the first 2 years of life; CII contains interim goals to the year 2000 national objectives (2 ). NIS collects quarterly data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 27 urban areas considered to be at high risk for undervaccination. This report provides the results of national, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels for April 1994–March 1995, which document the highest overall vaccination levels ever achieved for preschool-aged children in the United States, but a wide range (41 percentage points) between areas with the highest and lowest vaccination coverage levels. NIS uses a two-phase sample design: the first phase employs a quarterly random sample of telephone numbers for each survey area and includes administration of a screening questionnaire to respondents aged ≥18 years to locate households with one or more children aged 19–35 months. Vaccination information is collected for ageeligible children. All respondents are asked to refer to written records; however, reports from recall also are accepted. During April 1994–March 1995, approximately 1.6 million telephone numbers were called, and 33,876 interviews were completed (an average of 434 interviews per area). The overall response rate for eligible households was 70% (range: 60%–85% among the 78 survey sites). In the second phase, vaccination information is requested from health-care providers of children in surveyed households. During 1994, households were excluded that used records indicating their children received all recommended doses of four specific vaccines.* All households identified in the first quarter of 1995 were included in the second phase. Based on exclusions, 27,108 (80%) children were eligible for the second phase; of these, vaccination information was obtained from providers for 11,609 (43%) February 23, 1996 / Vol. 45 / No. 7


I was going to propose a moratorium on the consequences of taking intel lectual risks within and beyond the academy but deem it insufficient for the present task. In its place, I advocate a wanton disregard for arbitrary authority and an active promotion of lust and poetry; the purposeful secre tion of fantasy; and the creation more than the critique of art, even in our


The composition of rhizospheric microbial community may be shaped by plant genotype. Forty five melon (Cucumis melo L.) and seven snake melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) genotypes were tested for their growth and yield parameters compared to a commercial melon cultivar "Star plus". To estimate the microbial community in the rhizospheric soil of these genotypes, soil dilution plating technique on specific agar medium was used and compared to control. The majority of melon genotypes showed significantly comparable height, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant as "Star plus". The fruit yield per plant varied significantly depending on tested genotypes. The total bacterial population in the rhizosphere of ten melon and two snake melon genotypes was significantly 59 to 68% higher than control soil. For most tested genotypes, a significant increase in the culturable rhizospheric actinomycetes, about 28.5 to 92.6%, was recorded comparatively to control soil. Fungal population counts in the rhizosphere of tested genotypes were significantly comparable to control. The genotypic difference in melon and snake melon reflects the quantum and diversity of their microbiomes that melon breeders could benefit when seeking at the holobiont concept to include associated microbiomes in breeding programs.


The article presents research for implementation of a very compact transceiver for Bluetooth system based on low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) system-on-package (SoP) technology. By embedding one BPF, one balun, 4 capacitors, and 2 inductors in LTCC substrate, the proposed module features a compact size.


Media discourse refers to interactions that take place through a broadcast platform, whether spoken or written, in which the discourse is oriented to a non-present reader, listener or viewer. Though the discourse is oriented towards these recipients, they very often cannot make instantaneous responses to the producer(s) of the discourse, though increasingly this is changing with the advent of new media technology, as we shall explore. Crucially, the written or spoken discourse itself is oriented to the readership or listening/viewing audience, respectively. In other words, media discourse is a public, manufactured, on-record, form of interaction. It is not ad hoc or spontaneous (in the same way as casual speaking or writing is); it is neither private nor off the record. Obvious as these basic characteristics may sound, they are crucial to the investigation, description and understanding of media discourse. Because media discourse is manufactured, we need to consider how this has been done – both in a literal sense of what goes into its making and at an ideological level. One important strand of research into media discourse is preoccupied with taking a critical stance to media discourse, namely critical discourse analysis (CDA). It is important that we continually appraise the messages that we consume from our manufactured mass media. The fact that media discourse is public means that it also falls under the scrutiny of many conversation analysts who are interested in it as a form of institutional talk, which can be compared with other forms of talk, both mundane and institutional. The fact that media discourse is on record makes it attractive for discourse analysts and increasingly so because of the online availability of newspapers, radio stations, television programmes and so on. Advances in technology have greatly offset the ephemerality factor that used to relate to media discourse, especially radio and television (where it used to be the case that, if you wanted to record something, it had to be done in real time). It is a time of great change in media discourse, and this chapter aims to capture this moment, especially in the final section, where traditional notions of media discourse are challenged, in this time of opening up of the medium through Web 2 technologies.


Fetal and early life experiences may be associated with development of adult chronic disease and effects may extend across generations. Epidemiologists have adapted these concepts to identify risk factors for chronic disease, but studies with longitudinal or intergenerational data are limited. Using data from a cohort study of Caucasian women, aged 24-50 years in 1992 and followed annually for over 15 years, we evaluated whether low and high birth weight women had different adult body composition, carbohydrate metabolism, or lipid trajectories compared to normal birth weight women. We assessed whether longitudinal risk profiles for diabetes or metabolic clustering differed by birth weight. To better understand intergenerational continuity of risk, we evaluated whether pregnancy characteristics across two generations influenced the birth weight of these women's offspring.

High birth weight women had higher adult body composition measures compared to normal birth weight women; however, slopes did not differ, suggesting the higher body composition measures observed among high birth weight women were constant over time. High birth weight women had steeper rates of change in glucose levels, but no differences were observed in lipid, insulin, or insulin resistance levels or in their trajectories over time compared to normal birth weight women. Body composition, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid trajectories did not differ between low and normal birth weight women and the risk for developing type-2 diabetes or metabolic clustering did not differ by birth weight groups.

When we examined the intergenerational effects, we found that women with in utero cigarette smoking exposure had offspring who were an average of 136 grams heavier than women without in utero smoking exposure (p=0.02). Similarly, women born to older mothers had heavier offspring than women born to younger mothers.

This dissertation expands our understanding of the relationship between birth weight and trajectories in adult body composition, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipids – known risk factors for many chronic diseases - and provides further support of an intergenerational effect on birth weight. Understanding these relationships contributes to knowledge about chronic disease etiology and can motivate research and interventions aimed at improving reproductive and women's health and preventing chronic disease.


The concept of karst water burst flood is first proposed in Maluqing tunnel construction. The paper analyzes repeatability intermittent hysteresis of karst water burst flood. Work out the plan that long-hole grouting based on these characteristics, and evaluat the safety and stability of water stop cement according to Darcy's law and site actual measurement.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank HUD PD&R staff, especially Barbara Haley, David Chase, and Barry Steffens for their help and guidance. We also thank iii Preface HUD's strategic plan identifies the use of " housing as a platform for improving quality of life " as one of its five strategic goals. It further establishes a sub-goal to improve educational outcomes and early learning and development for children in HUD-assisted housing. This research, Creating a Metric of Educational Opportunity for Assisted Households, is intended to advise HUD about how to use readily available data to create a metric for school quality. This metric is the measure of success in providing " access to schools scores at or above the local average " for children in assisted households. A suitable metric must be consistent across states and metropolitan areas and available nationwide. The data that are readily available are reports to the U.S. Department of Education regarding individual schools' percentages achieving 'proficiency' in reading and math. In the near term, comparing the test scores of nearby schools to other schools in the area can serve as a measure to assess schools. The researchers recommend a ratio that compares the test scores of the elementary schools nearest subsidized households to the test scores of other schools in that same county or metropolitan area, with perhaps a comparison to the schools nearest other renters or low-income households. This ratio should be calculated using five-year American Community Survey (ACS) data at the block-group level, which will produce sufficiently localized population information. Using this local-comparison ratio can overcome differences in state methodologies for evaluating schools, differences in homeownership rates across metropolitan areas, and differences in income levels. This score will allow HUD to identify metropolitan areas to target for mobility efforts and to track progress over time. The first problem addressed by the researchers was identification of schools attended by children living in assisted housing. The researchers suggest that the nearest elementary school is a reasonable proxy for the school to which a household is assigned. However, in the longer term, HUD should consider linking assisted households to zoned schools, using the School Attendance Boundary Information System (SABINS), which presently covers three complete states and numerous smaller areas. The researchers surveyed the existing literature and conducted a case study of New York City in order to assess how to evaluate the quality of public schools and identify the …


GENERAL IN TR O D U CTIO N We have all seen evidence of the effects of landslides in costs, incomvenience and possible safety hazards or danger to the travelling public in our travels throughout Indiana and the United States. A determined effort has been underway for a few years to correct these landslides on a priority basis as the need arises and as time is avail able. Landslide investigations are very time consuming to be properly and thoroughly accomplished. It takes very close cooperation between the district construction or maintenance engineer initiating the request for landslide investigation through proper channels, the soils engineer and the assigned design engineer. Certain information should accom pany any request for landslide investigations as follows:


The economic situation in the agro-industrial complex is heterogeneous. One of the fastest growing industries is the food industry. This industry is characterized by a stable financial position, it is being actively modernized. The production of chemical fertilizers, after a sharp drop in domestic demand for them in the 90s, was reoriented mainly to external demand. The state of this industry is currently influenced mainly by the conjuncture of the world market. Low domestic demand and competition from imports of used machinery have a negative impact on the development of agricultural engineering. Low capacity utilization and unsatisfactory financial position do not allow industry enterprises to concentrate financial resources for large-scale modernization of the industry. In agriculture, the situation is also not homogeneous.


Regional anesthesia and analgesia have been associated with improved analgesia, decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting, and increased patient satisfaction for many types of surgical procedures. In obstetric anesthesia care, it has also been associated with improved maternal mortality and major morbidity. The majority of neurological adverse events following regional anesthesia administration result in temporary sensory symptoms; long-term or permanent disabling motor and sensory problems are very rare. Infection and hemorrhagic complications, particularly with neuraxial blocks, can cause neurological adverse events. More commonly, however, there are no associated secondary factors and some combination of needle trauma, intraneural injection, and/or local anesthetic toxicity may be associated, but their individual contributions to any event are difficult to define. neuraxial hematoma " First do no harm. " " Life is short; the art is long. ... experience treacherous … " These statements attributed to Hippocrates have informed the thoughts and behavior of physicians for centuries and illustrate some of the challenges-facing anesthesiologists in the practice of regional anesthesia. Anesthesiologists recognize that there are risks associated with all procedures, but if they followed Hippocrates' first and most famous dictum too literally it would be impossible to take any therapeutic first steps, particularly for practitioners venturing away from the often more familiar world of general anesthesia. When considering regional anesthesia, the risk of doing harm is kept in perspective by recognizing the harm that is visited on patients in the form of poorly controlled pain and a poorly planned recovery after a surgical procedure. Then the question becomes what are the best techniques for the care of a patient in a specific setting; refining of our knowledge of associated risks is crucial to answering this question. Hippocrates' other statement alludes to the limitations of relying solely on personal or local experience when it comes to building an understanding of a phenomenon such as neurological adverse events accompanying regional anesthesia, in part because they can be sufficiently uncommon that a perspective based even on a lifetime of personal experience will not provide a comprehensive view. The best understanding comes from balancing personal experience with a review of the best available external evidence, however incomplete that may be. The primary goal of this review is to inform the reader's personal continuous quality improvement journey which is the foundation for any institutional quality improvement processes. The focus is on recent literature to


The Integrated Information System of armored mechanized troops is evaluated by the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation methods in the paper,because there is much fuzzy information in the system and it is a very complicated problem that describes its inner relation with accurate mathematics model.Firstly,the paper analyzes the need of the function of the Synthetic Information System of the Armored Mechanized Units,and builds up an index system for efficiency estimation of the Synthetic Information System of the Armored Mechanized Units.Then,it sets up a mathematics model for efficiency estimation of the Synthetic Information System of the Armored Mechanized Units based on the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation.Finally,it evaluates the system by an example and the results show the model is feasible.


The aim of this study is to determine the change in the self-rated health and quality of life of students of a school of medicine during the course of their education and the predictive factors of health and quality of life such as socioeconomic factors, health status and healthy lifestyle, social relationships and social support, and academic burden. The study is a cross-sectional study that aimed to reach the entire registered students of Manisa Celal Bayar University School of Medicine in 2016-2017. Dependent variables in this study are the overall quality of life, self-rated health and annual self- rated health transition About 10.1% of the students stated their overall quality of life as poor or very poor whereas nearly 10.9% were dissatisfied about their health and 20.3 % of them stated their current health as worse than the previous year. There is a linear trend in a year in medical school in terms of quality of life. The logistic regression Model suggested that having a non-depressed mood is the best predictor of a better quality of life. Lower BMI, being healthy, taking care of their health and having a nuclear family are found the most important variables that affect self-rated health positively. The final term students (interns) perceived the worse overall quality of life than the first and second-year students. Additionally, the majority of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th term students reported their health worse than the previous year. These facts in self-rated health and QOL may be regarded as pieces of evidence that may lead the university authorities to take measures especially in clinical terms of medical education.


Japan is one of the most developed countries in the world.The history of the development of Japan's economy is in paralleling with the history of human resource development of Japan.To improve the quality of its labor force and promote its intellectual resource,Japan government has attached great importance to the development of its basic education,the training of its own labor force,the introduction of excellent foreign labor force into Japan.Japan carried out its typical human resource competition strategy and have achieved great success.There is prominent improvement in the quality of its labor force.


In this paper,the unit quaternion method is introduced into the aerial triangulation applications and the empirical results are assessed.Firstly,the rotation matrix is constructed with unit quaternion and the expressions for calculating 3 rotation angles from rotation matrix are given,and P-H algorithm is introduced to solve relative orientation functions and the accuracy expressions of coplanarity equations are given.Then the bundle block adjustment model is constructed with unit quaternion and the error equation and its coefficient matrix are given.At last,relative orientation and bundle block adjustment tests were done using actual aerial images,which were compared with the traditional Euler angles-based rotation matrix construction.The test results showed that in the relative orientation test,if P-H algorithm is engaged,that is,anti-symmetric matrix are used to help solve the unit quaternion parameters,all the test data could get right results.While in the bundle adjustment,method based on unit quaternion shows poorer stability than the traditional one,and the unit quaternion method is influenced greatly by the scale of photography and number of control points,which results in that some test data could not be convergent correctly.


The traditional recommendation methods for hotels usually compute rating similarity and make recommendation based on collaborative filtering algorithm. It is due to having no consideration of the tourist' and hotels' multi-faceted attributes. Thus, the accuracy of recommendation would be affected. To solve this problem, a series of formal methods are adopted to define the various attributes of hotels and tourists. To begin with it, get hotel star factor, hotel hardware facilities, cost performance, geographical location and the characters of the preference of the star of the tourists, and after that a partial weighting model is used to compute a recommended label value. Finally, the factorization machines (FMs) is used to make recommendations. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can solve data sparseness problem to some extent. Additionally, both its recommendation and ranking accuracy are better than those of the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm, which can improve the tourist satisfaction in personalized hotels recommendation.


There is probably a greater discrepancy between the benign image and the harsh reality of Dutch wartime and postwar behav ior than for any other country. An analysis of the Holocaust as sets issue and its background in The Netherlands can be relevant in a much larger European context in view of its multiple finan cial, political, historical, cultural, psychological, social, educa tional, and moral implications. Negotiations with major Dutch counterparts are now com pleted and over 750 million guilders will be available for pay ments, mainly to survivors. More than half of this figure origi nates from the Dutch government. However, this represents less than 5 percent of the real, current value of assets looted and not restored and only 35-40 percent of the money Dutch Jews should rightfully have received now from the government. The govern ment's apology for the injustice done to the Jews after the war included a new fallacy: that the postwar failures were uninten tional. For other reasons as well, the Dutch Holocaust assets is sue and related matters will not disappear from the Jewish public agenda and that of Dutch society.


The utility model discloses a medicine keeping enemator which comprises a medicine storage utensil, wherein the medicine storage utensil is provided with a hollow cavity, and a medicine outlet of the medicine storage utensil is provided with a one-way valve. The one-way valve is connected and communicated with one end of a conduit, and the periphery of the one-way valve is provided with a fixing jacket which is connected with the medicine storage utensil. The utility model is simple in structure and easy to master; a user without any operational experience can master the skill of the medicine keeping enemator in a short time so as to obtain the ideal therapeutic effect. With the sealed medicine storage utensil, the medicine keeping enemator can effectively prevent medicine pollution, and the heating or the insulation to the medicine can be carried out before the enema operation is carried out so that the temperature of the medicine is similar to the body temperature. Thus, the condition that the medicine can not be reserved because the low temperature of the medicine stimulates the intestinal mucosa can be prevented. The utility model is provided with the one-way valve inside, and thus, the back flow of the medicine can be prevented so as to effectively avoid medicine pollution.


The paper presents a algorithm of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) for a small-size humanoid robot. The algorithm includes the procedures of image feature detection, good feature selection, image depth calculation, and feature state estimation. To ensure robust feature detection and tracking, the procedure is improved by utilizing the method of Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF). Meanwhile, the procedures of image depth calculation and state estimation are integrated in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based estimation algorithm. All the computation schemes of the visual SLAM are implemented on a small-size humanoid robot with low-cost Window-based PC. Experimentation is performed and the results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is efficient for robot visual SLAM in the environments.


This research aims to gain knowledge on how inter-organisational collaborative innovation and research projects can be initiated through a systematic workshop series. A series of workshops was plan ...


Let A be a Banach algebra containing an element x. Topological conditions on the spectrum of x are given which are necessary and sufficient to ensure the continuity of the spectrum or spectral radius at x.


We investigate the local structure of nanoparticles based on a manganese ferrite core surrounded or not by a maghemite layer obtained after hydrothermal surface treatment. Results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) measurements are crossed with those of in-field Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES/EXAFS) to study the valence state of Mn ions and the cation distribution at interstitial sites of the core–shell nanoparticle structure. Linear combination fitting of XANES data clearly indicates the existence of mixed valence states of Mn cations in the Mn ferrite phase. As a direct consequence, it induces nonequilibrium cation distributions in the nanoparticle core with the presence of a large amount of Mn cations at octahedral sites. The quantitative results of the inversion degree given by NPD, Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements, and EXAFS are in good accordance. It is also shown that both the proportions of each oxidation degree of Mn ions and...


: Modern photon-based technologies are in need for fast detectors with the ability to detect photons in the near-and mid-IR efficiently. Superconducting nanowire photon detectors, which use the resistivity change upon photon incidence caused by a state transition from their superconducting to normal conducting phase, are state-of-the-art detectors. However, detectors usually suffer from low efficiency in the IR, due to their low intrinsic absorption in this spectral range. To enhance the detection efficiency, we use a plasmonic perfect absorber geometry, which utilizes a localized surface plasmon resonance and a spacer/mirror combination. We present superconducting niobium plasmonic perfect absorber nanostructures, featuring near-unity absorption, tailorable up to wavelengths of 4 µm. Further, we confirm the working principle of the plasmonic perfect absorber for wavelengths in the near-IR, which manifests itself as a polarization-dependent detector response. Finally, we demonstrate an approach of coupling the detector directly to a fiber. This might also enable ultrasensitive sensing application in the near-and mid-IR in the future.


This article outlines the tourism resources characteristic and the present development situation of tourism in the western Hunan Fenghuang county,analyzes the county's main questions existing in traveling economy,carries on questionnaire investigation about the traveling market.For questions existing in the tourist economy and the feedback situation from the tourist market through questionnaire investigation at the county,some tentative plans of the depth development on tourist economy are proposed.