The control of the emissions of carbon dioxide means a practical problem as well in Spain as worldwide. On February 14, 2005 the National Allocation Plan (NAP) of CO2 emissions came into force for the Spanish industry with the aim to reduce global emissions and encourage investment in energy-dioxide emission rights with some tools that have an efficient mechanism and are being developed as saving facilities. The evolution studies of the NAP I (2005-2007) and current NAP II (2008-2012) allows us to analyze the differences between emissions realized by each of the fifteen kind of industries involved and assignments of emission rights granted by the state government. This comparison shows a clear deviation from the initial objectives that lead to gave place to the creation of the global trade in carbon a consequence of that.


Molecular identification of green alga Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa taxifolia have studied in this present study. The GrbcL primer and 18S rRNA primer were used for DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses with aligned sequences were performed using the neighbour joining (NJ) method and maximum parsimony (MP) algorithms available in the computer program MEGA6. This study may given a clear taxonomical idea for the future research.


Abstract : Finite element procedures are used to solve two- and three-dimensional problems of cracks in elastic bodies. The two-dimensional, plane strain analysis is concerned with the effect of a crack approaching a free edge at right angles. The strain energy density fracture criterion is used to determine the direction of fracture for various distances from the crack tip to thr free edge. These results provide a possible mechanism for the creation of the shear lip region in a plate of finite thickness. The three-dimensional isoparametric finite element procedure is specialized for application to crack problems by the introduction of elements which model the crack edge singularity. The finite element approach is used to study the problem of a through crack in a finite thickness plate subject to symmetric loading. Variations of the stress intensity factor, near field stress components, and strain energy density through the plate thickness are reported.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and aims at generating high respiratory resistance. An individual intraoral respiratory training system in the form of a tray covers the dental arch, the hard palate and the vestibular clivus on the upper jaw and dental cusps and teeth cutting edges on the lower jaw. The training system is made of a polymer; it covers the vestibular clivuses of the upper jaw at 2 mm from the dental cusp. The training system covers the dental arch to the second molars of the upper and lower jaws, while a distal border of the palatal portion of the training system is found within the range from a line drawn from mesial surfaces of the first premolars of the upper jaw, to a line drawn between distal surfaces of the first molars of the upper jaw. The training system has a vestibular surface 2-3.5 mm thick and an occlusal surface 3-5 mm thick. EFFECT: invention result consists in the fact that the individual intraoral respiratory training system with the modified thickened palatal portion leaves the lower jaw motions unblocked and can be used during trainings aiming at improving the sportsmen's functional efficiency by means of resistive-respiratory loads, as well as more complete adaptation to protective trays. 4 cl, 6 dwg


A popular method to compute first-passage probabilities in continuous-time Markov chains is by numerically inverting their Laplace transforms. Past decades, the scientific computing community has developed excellent numerical methods for solving problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), making the availability of a Laplace transform not necessary here for computational purposes. In this study we demonstrate that numerical PDE problem solvers are suitable for computing first passage times, and can be very efficient for this purpose. By doing extensive computational experiments, we show that modern PDE problem solvers can outperform numerical Laplace transform inversion, even if a transform is available. When the Laplace transform is explicit (e.g. does not require the computation of an eigensystem), numerical transform inversion remains the primary method of choice.


This paper presents a brief overview of non-invasive motion trajectory prediction (MTP) for brain-computer interface (BCI). This method is an ideal solution for controlling an artificial limb or robot arm because the applied signal processing algorithm reconstruct the track of the imagined movement. Regularly used neurosensory technique for an online outside of the lab application is electroencephalography (EEG). To date only a limited number of motion trajectory prediction studies have been reported using non-invasive techniques. This review provides a brief summary of the state of the art in this area.


Objective:To investigate the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Huayu method on the expression of Fas/FasL in precancerous lesions of liver cancer in rats.Methods:One hundred and sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,high dosage and low dosage group of Chinese medicine.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) was induced with the administration of diethylnitrosoamine(DEN) in rats and treated with Yiqi Huoxue Huayu method.Enzyme linked immunoassay was used to measure Fas/FasL in liver.Results:As compared with model group,up-regulation of Fas and Down-regulation of FasL occurred in high dosage group and low dosage group of Chinese medicine at 12wk and 16wk.At 16wk,the expression of Fas/FasL of high dosage group and low dosage group had distinctly statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Fas/FasL is closely related to the occurrence of hepatocarcinogenesis,and Yiqi Huoxue Huayu method can effectively alleviate the formation of hepatocarcinogenesis by accelerating the expression of Fas and inhibiting the expression of FasL liver tissue.Meanwhile,the effect of Fas/FasL certainly depends on the dosage of Chinese medicine.


This study aims to investigate the dominant leadership styles applied at the University College of Bahrain (UCB) and compare them with the international best practices. All 35 UCB employees participated in the survey agreed that the dominant leadership style applied by UCB management is the transformational leadership style. Comparing the results of the survey with the practices according to literature, it is found that transformational leadership style is the best leadership style to be applied in a higher learning institution. Thus, the current UCB leadership style is already good enough since transformational leadership has been found by many studies to have a positive relationship with job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction has a positive relationship with the overall performance of an organization. Therefore, UCB management needs to maintain the current leadership style and enhance its practices for a better result. This study fills the gap in the literature of leadership since it is conducted in a higher education institution in Bahrain. This study can be used as a reference for further studies and as an input for UCB management to come out with strategic decisions to improve the college's performance.


The article presents methods of teaching complex gymnastic exercises on the bar. The author has developed a simulator to perform a wide range of exercises: preparation, feeding, and exercise on the trampoline, to form the main components of technique exercises with the phase of flight. The studies revealed a high rate of training of the experimental group, which reached 0,91 compared with the control group in 0,41. Using the developed training methods in the training process gymnasts at the stage of in-depth specialization allows you to better master the technique of the individual phases of different structure movements: upper and throwing actions, phase of flight phase of parish support, learning grip – intercepts hands, as well as to reduce the probability of falling from the projectile to eliminate the feeling of fear during the initial and subsequent performance that will provide a competitive advantage in future competition.


The number of buildings with passive control systems is steadily growing worldwide. For this reason, this study focuses on the reliability analysis of these systems employing fragility curves. The structural performance evaluation is obtained for a 10-story steel building with two different sections (trimmed and conventional). The trimmed section of the building was evaluated with hysteresis and oil dampers, while the conventional section of the building was evaluated without damper. The fragility curves were obtained from the incremental dynamic analysis using 20 ground motion records. Spectral acceleration response at the fundamental period of the building was considered and used as the intensity measure for the ground motion records. The maximum inter-story drift ratio of the building was employed as the damage measure. In addition, the seismic energy absorption rate was compared between hysteresis and oil dampers. As a result, hysteresis dampers were found to be more effective for high ground motion intensities. On the other hand, the oil damper dissipates energy immediately, even for low ground motion intensities. Furthermore, the combination of different types of dampers improved the seismic performance of the trimmed section of the building to almost the same level as the conventional section of the building. Eventually, a combination of hysteresis and oil dampers in a building is suggested to improve structural performance.


This puper show u methodologicul procedure to the naturcil risk integrated evaluation and zoning. The proposal includes digereiit prucesses otf digital cartogruphic analysis arid management of relational data bases in mutrixes work upplying a Geugr(rphic(r1 Inforninriun Systeni. The busis rdthis procedure is the integrate treutnient of different kitrd of natural und human indicators wich are conditions of the probability uf natural discisrers occurrence. Ir is corisiderate to the dangerously and the vulnerability as u indicators to define the Naturul Risk. Palabras clave: Riesgos ~icrturules, peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad, Sisteinas de Inforrnucidn Geogrn'ficu, superposicidn grcificu y ro~pol(igicn, nzodeluciort digitctl de terreno.


e16544 Background: Value of research analysis can be used to assess the value of clinical trials and prioritize research funding. We used this approach to assess the value of additional trials to investigate ERCC1 expression testing to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in fully resected Stage I NSCLC.

METHODS
We developed a decision-analytic model and used value of information methodology to assess the value of research (VOR) for two treatment strategies: 1) ERCC1 testing to inform adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, with ERCC1+ patients receiving no chemotherapy and ERCC1- patients receiving cisplatin+vinorelbine chemotherapy; 2) standard care, with all patients receiving no chemotherapy. Model parameters and uncertainty ranges were derived from a retrospective analysis of the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial and published literature. The affected population was derived from SEER incidence estimates, and examined over a discounted 10-year time horizon. A variety of willingness to pay (WTP) thresholds were examined.

RESULTS
At a WTP of $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year, the ERCC1 testing strategy produced greater net-benefit in 61% of simulations. The average consequence of selecting the wrong strategy was $10,000. With an affected population of 233,825, the VOR for a trial large enough to reduce all uncertainty was $910 million, with $470 million due to uncertainty about the overall survival hazard ratio for treated and untreated ERCC1- patients. Preliminary estimates suggest a VOR of $650 to $870 million for a trial comparing ERCC1 and standard care strategies in samples of 100 to 1,000 per arm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Considerable value could be created through additional clinical trials to reduce uncertainty about the comparative health outcomes of ERCC1 testing and standard care strategies in stage I NSCLC. The large VOR for clinical trials with plausible sample sizes demonstrates that there is great potential to realize this value. Forthcoming expected net-benefit of research results will compare the VOR of various trial designs and sample sizes to the cost of such trials. These findings can assist stakeholders in prioritizing funding for ERCC1 research relative to alternative research investments.


A team-based gaming approach delivering self-managed diabetes education via a mobile app and e-mail can lead to reductions in HbA1c that are comparable to starting a new diabetes medication, according to Kerfoot et al. (p. 1218). They suggest this may represent a scalable solution to improve outcomes among patients with poorly controlled diabetes across wide geographic areas. The spaced education paradigm involves presenting various health scenarios to participants who are then asked to immediately answer multiple-choice questions on the subjects. Following their answers, the participants receive the correct answers combined with an explanation of the topic and a score based on their performance. The material is then presented again to the participants in the following weeks and months to reinforce learning and generate meaningful behavior change. The approach is not unique to diabetes education and has previously been employed in diverse environments such as commercial sales where learning and behavior change are key objectives. Traditional diabetes self-management education has had some success in achieving meaningful short-term reductions in HbA1c. However, the effects reportedly wear off quickly. By modifying the approach to include spaced education, the authors hypothesized that they might be able to generate more sustained HbA1c reductions. In a randomized trial design, the researchers assigned ~200 patients who are veterans with poorly controlled diabetes to the diabetes self-management education game and ~200 others to an active control game. They found that the intervention group had signifi cantly greater reductions in HbA1c over 12 months in comparison to control subjects. Going further with a post-hoc analysis, they showed that additional reductions might be possible when baseline HbA1c is particularly high and out of control. Commenting further, author B. Price Kerfoot stated: "The results are encouraging and suggest that the game, when implemented across health care systems, has the potential to improve the health of many patients with diabetes. To play, patients only need a desire to improve their health, a competitive spirit, and an e-mail account or mobile device."


The effects of biaxial strain on the band-structure of III-V semiconductors have been investigated theoretically1,2 and experimentally3. These effects offer new degrees of freedom for heterostructure design, so-called "band-structure engineering4." In particular, when III-V semiconductors are biaxially strained, the heavy- and light-hole bands become non-degenerate, and anisotropic. The valence-band configuration that arises from biaxial tensile strain is particularly well-suited for devices that involve optical absorption. Tensile strain and the quantum size effect (QSE) of a square potential well have the opposite effect on hole energy at k=0, and if the appropriate material parameters and structural dimensions are chosen, the heavy and light-hole eigenenergies of the QW will coincide. Equivalent heavy- and light-hole excitonic resonances will result in a larger absorption coefficient5, which can improve the performance of photodiodes and high speed optical modulators6. In addition, the capability to tailor the relative energies of the heavy- and light-hole could lead to new devices that exploit the different polarization-selection rules for the heavy- and light-hole excitonic transitions6,7. In this presentation we report on the growth and photoluminescence of strained GaAsP/ALGaAs single QW′S. The combined effects of biaxial tensile strain and QSE on the hole eigenenergies will be clearly demonstrated.


In this experiment an attempt was made to determine which of a number of neuroelectric variables best predict the amplitude of the average evoked potential (AEP). Several EEG parameters derived from period analysis and amplitude integration of the primary trace, as well as the amplitude and latencies of single sensory evoked potentials, were treated with a stepwise multiple regression procedure. The amplitudes of certain components of the AEP were tested against the battery of independent variables (predictors) as separate criteria. The results of these analyses revealed that the amplitude of the single EPs accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in the AEP (each component measured). These data suggest that the size of the AEP is not dependent on spontaneous EEG fluctuations.


This paper argues the need to develop in students and their teachers a more critical awareness of literature as a discipline, training its subjects in ways of reading, writing and talking about their own experiences and the worlds they inhabit in terms which may be detrimental to their own best interests. Literary education in recent years, except at the most advanced levels, has been most influenced by the reader response paradigm which, still assumes a liberal humanist model of communication. Critical Awareness of literature should move beyond the excesses of both an overly pessimistic view of determined 'subjects of literature' (after Althusser, Eagleton) but also (after Gilbert, 1987, 1989, 1994) beyond the R/romantic simplicities of 'spontaneous personal response' and the like (Rosenblatt, Iser), to a cautious but fundamentally optimistic examination of the possibilities indicated by resistant critical readings (Giroux, 1983). If Literary Awareness is to make any advance upon current practices and beliefs, it must be founded upon fully defensible models of language and communication, and should promote students' investigations of how texts come to mean, and where 'responses', not to mention 'literature', come from.


In Indology, Chandogya Upanishad seems like one of the most philosophised approaches to the Vedānta tradition. It could introduce and develop earlier Vedic concepts descriptively and analytically. In particular, the Chandogya Upanishad has precisely worked out in against to ancient Vedic foreknowledge and mystic narratives. Then it may probably be an influential resource to Post-Indian philosophical arises. Moreover, that has succinctly revealed some intended doctrines on theology upon the Brahman, Cosmology upon the universe, psychology upon the soul, eschatology upon the transmigration and emancipation as following rather theoretical figures. Consequently, above intensive identification was grossly impacted by the intellectual dialectics in the Chandogya Upanishad treatise. Overleaf, that sophisticated conversations also could be a fundamental reason to be considered as a positively evaluated philosophical branch in Indology. The critical dialogues in the treatise could recognise a few of disputable intellectual terminates like epistemology, metaphysics, transcendentalism, and phenomenology. In this manner, here, it would hope to study the Chandogaya Upanishad as briefly and descriptively.


In their commentary on our two recent articles (Grainger, Dufau, Montant, Ziegler, & Fagot, 2012; Ziegler et al., 2013), Frost and Keuleers (2013; this issue) state that the conclusions drawn on the basis of our orthographiclearning studies with baboons are "logically fallacious and do not withstand empirical scrutiny" (p. 1868). Here, we clarify our conclusions, and we show that they follow the logic of scientific inference and are supported by the empirical data. We then show that Frost and Keuleers's conclusion that monkeys simply learn probabilistic conjunctions of unordered individual shapes is wrong. Frost and Keuleers take issue with what they claim to be our main conclusion: "Because baboons do not have a linguistic system but nevertheless perform like humans do, the neural mechanisms underlying orthographic processing in the two species must be similar and therefore nonlinguistic" (p. 1868). Paraphrased and out of context, this statement provides a somewhat distorted version of the reasoning developed in our two articles. Some clarification is therefore in order. Following the standard logic of scientific enquiry, our conclusions were drawn on the basis of the hypotheses under test, the predictions derived from these hypotheses, the means employed to test these predictions, and the results that were obtained. The starting point of this whole enterprise was the simple fact that printed words are both visual objects and linguistic entities. From this we derived the main hypotheses that human orthographic processing might share basic mechanisms involved in visual object identification and that prior linguistic knowledge might not be a necessary requisite for acquiring elementary orthographic-processing skills. This led to the prediction that baboons, who presumably identify objects much like humans do, should exhibit some form of orthographic processing, such that they would not process printed words as holistic entities but as a set of position-coded letter identities. We then sought evidence for such elementary orthographic processing in baboons by training them to classify strings of letters as being real English words or nonwords and by examining the information they used to accurately perform this orthographic classification task. We reported five major findings. First, word stimuli seen for the first time were classified as words significantly more often than were nonword stimuli seen for the first time (generalization). Second, we observed a significant correlation between bigram frequency and accuracy of responses to words. Third, baboons systematically made more errors on nonwords that were orthographically more similar to known words (based on the orthographic Levenshtein distance 20 metric; Yarkoni, Balota, & Yap, 2008). Fourth, baboons made significantly more errors when presented with nonwords formed by transposing two letters of a known word than when presented with nonwords formed by substituting two letters, and, finally, no more errors were made to nonwords formed by substituting a single letter of a known word with a visually similar letter than to stimuli in the same category with a visually dissimilar letter. From these findings, we drew four conclusions. First, we inferred that monkeys use a truly orthographic rather than a visual code, that is, they decompose words into their component letters rather than process them as a whole visual shape. Second, it appears that prior linguistic knowledge is therefore not a necessary prerequisite in order to achieve humanlike orthographic processing. Third, orthographic processing is, at least partly, constrained by general principles of visual object processing shared by monkeys and humans, and, finally, the front end of reading is supported by neural mechanisms that 484768 PSSXXX10.1177/0956797613484768Ziegler et al.Response to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr3-0956797613484768">Frost and Keuleers (2013)</xref> research-article2013


Influence systems form a large class of multiagent systems designed to model how influence, broadly defined, spreads across a dynamic network. We build a general analytical framework which we then use to prove that, while Turing-complete, influence dynamics of the diffusive type is almost surely asymptotically periodic. Besides resolving the dynamics of a popular family of multiagent systems, the other contribution of this work is to introduce a new type of renormalization-based bifurcation analysis for multiagent systems.


Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is the most serious complication of ovulation induction. With the increasing popularity of assisted reproductive techniques, OHSS will be encountered more frequently by the intensivist. The first case of severe OHSS following in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was reported by Friedman et al in 1984. Although rare, severe OHSS is a life-threatening condition requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We report a case of severe OHSS following the GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) procedure.The characteristic features of OHSS, namely ovarian enlargement with passage of fluid and protein from the vascular space into peritoneal and pleural cavities, is well illustrated by this case report.


ABSTRACT This essay argues that the modern newswriting tradition can be traced back to the networks of Italian medieval merchants and Renaissance diplomats. As of the late 1200s, merchant letters reveal an increasing tendency to report important political and military events for the sake of business interests. The emergence of permanent embassies in Italy in the mid-1400s gave a further impetus to the development of newswriting techniques, since one of the pivotal tasks of the Renaissance ambassadors was to keep their superiors informed about evolving situations in the foreign courts. As a result, both merchants and diplomats had to break with the rigid medieval letter-writing tradition in order to develop new rhetorical strategies capable of capturing the complex realities they observed. This study analyzes some of the key elements of this emerging reporting style such as the dateline, the lead, basic story structures, but also the early notions of objectivity that in their own way fostered the techniques capable of conveying direct speech. In conclusion, this essay points out several manuals for Renaissance diplomats and their secretaries that already clearly formulated the six journalistic Ws and also pondered the ability of news-writers to manipulate their audiences.


English idiom are the expressions;which are taken up by two or more than tw o words,Its structure are usually fi xed,They can not change freely,and most of them consist of basic words.There are th ree kinds of idioms in English:Phrase idioms;Clause idioms and Sentence idioms.


The mouse monoclonal antibodies, prepared with rat βH-crystall in as parent antigen, show cross-reactivity to specific subunits in βH-, βpLI-, and βL2-crystall in but no reactivity to either α-or γ-crystall ins. Antigenic homology among the β-crystall in subunits was demonstrated by comparison of the topographic distributions of peptides on two-dimensional electrophoretograms subjected to either staining or an ELISA of the inmunoblots.


Drilling in a mature Saudi Arabian oilfield proved to be a steep but successful learning curve for a Saudi Aramco Engineering team. Over the years, the encountered challenges were handled by applying tested methods implemented in the area, which failed to turn around the desired results in this field. It became clear that field specific practices and procedures were necessary and, as a consequence, old paradigms were challenged to improve the performance while mitigating downhole challenges and eliminating excessive non-productive time (NPT).
 Problems typically confronted in the area were pinpointed using historical data revision, and analyzing of previous field experience regarding common drilling practices. Focus was placed upon troubles impacting the two intermediate hole sections in which a number of problems arose including time-dependent unstable shales and interbedded permeable layers with different pressure regimes. Improvement of drilling the sections of concern necessitated a drastic and systematic revision of many aspects such as drilling fluids, BHA design, and drilling drive. In addition, long lasting field specific drilling practices such as connection practices and wiper trips were challenged through technical analysis, aiming to boost operational efficiency.
 The recommendations were implemented in stages enabling evaluation of results, and ensuring a smooth transition from erstwhile practices. The new approach successfully assisted in overcoming drilling troubles, resulting in outstanding operational excellence levels. Wells were drilled faster and non-productive time (NPT) was significantly reduced. The results are benchmarked against wells delivered over a period of 4 years. As of today, the wells drilled and completed exhibited an outstanding improvement, increasing drilling rate of penetration and dropping NPT by 71%. Furthermore, the main key performance indicator (KPI), footage per day, has significantly increased by 44%.
 The paper presents the development of set of optimized practices and procedures that collectively replaced deep-rooted field practices that are not suitable for the modern-age ERD wells. It walks through the challenges, the thinking process, the technical evaluation, and field implementations. This optimization has resulted in a stellar increase in drilling performance while cutting back on non-productive time.


J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 83, Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 88, Suppl. 1 Production, Management and the Environment: Impact of Culling Rate on Dairy Profitability gland. In the present study, we addressed this hypothesis by investigating intracellular localization of IL-18 and its receptor in the bovine anterior pituitary gland. Twelve cattle of Japanese Black and Holstein were used. The anterior pituitary gland were freshly removed and subjected to RT-PCR, western bloltting, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. Immuno-laser microdissection was performed to confirm mRNA expression in IL-18immunnoreactive cells. IL-18 mRNA and protein was detected in the anterior pituitary tissue by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In situ hybridization showed that IL-18 mRNA were constantly localized in the anterior pituitary cells. Immunohistochemistry of IL-18 and specific hormones revealed the presence of IL-18 in bovine somatotrophs. Furthermore, the expression of GH mRNA in IL18 immunoreactive cells was confirmed by immuno-laser microdissection. These results first demonstrated that somatotrophs produced IL-18. Subsequently, the distribution of IL-18 receptor alpha (IL-18R α) was investigated in the anterior pituitary gland to understand IL-18 signal among anterior pituitary cells. Bovine IL-18R α cDNA was partially sequenced and detected in the anterior pituitary gland by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry of IL-18R α, IL-18 and GH showed that IL-18R α was expressed in IL-18 immunoreactive cells and somatotrophs. In conclusion, we found that IL-18 and IL-18R colocalized in somatotrophs of bovine anterior pituitary gland. Our results suggest that IL-18 acts on somatotrophs as an immuno-endocrine mediator through autocrine pathway.


A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of Msc Data communication in the Faculty Of Computing and Information Management At Kca University


NASA has initiated the Intelligent Data Management Project to design and develop advanced information management systems. The project's primary goal is to formulate, design and develop advanced information systems that are capable of supporting the agency's future space research and operational information management needs. The first effort of the project was the development of a prototype Intelligent User Interface to an operational scientific database, using expert systems and natural language processing technologies. An overview of Intelligent User Interface formulation and development is given.


Evidence has been presented' for the accumulation of a double-stranded replicative form of MS2 RNA in vivo, following infection of Escherichia coli with MS2 phage, and for the identity of this material with the double-stranded RNA which is labeled in vitro with radioactive carbon2 on incubation of CL4-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates with RNA synthetase.3 The present paper is concerned with a new method for the partial purification of RNA synthetase, the properties of theenzyme, and the mechanism of synthesis of MS2 RNA. The results suggest that RNA synthetase is purified as a holoenzyme in association with its natural template, the double-stranded replicative form of MS2 RNA, and show that on incubation with labeled nucleoside triphosphates most of the radioactivity introduced into double-stranded material is present as parental type, "plus" MS2 RNA strands. The enzymatic replication of viral RNA is thus conclusively demonstrated for the first time.


Copyright © 2020. The Korean Academy of Oral & Maxillofacial Implantology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. OPEN ACCESS The idea of using a fibrin sealant in the augmentation of the alveolar ridge defects seems attractive because it can produce a dense fibrin clot with sufficient adhesive strength to hold particulate bone in a required configuration. The aim of this clinical investigation is to evaluate the possibility of obtaining bone augmentation around osseointegrated implants by using fibrin sealing system with grafting material. Buccal and lingual local anesthesia was injected. A lingual crestal incision was made connecting the edentulous space. Vertical buccal releasing incisions were performed. A full-thickness flap was then elevated until the mucogingival junction to achieve a tension-free adaptation of the soft tissues. The defects were filled with granules of allograft and alloplast mixed with a fibrin-fibronectin sealing system. Seven-months after surgery, implants were inserted in a prosthetically driven position. At 2nd surgery, a hard bone like tissue was detectable at the defect sites receiving allograft bone grafts with a fibrin-fibronectin sealing system and well maintained. Clinical cases show that the vertical alveolar bone height is well-maintained after alveolar bone augmentation using fibrin sealant because of its sufficient adhesive strength to hold particulate bone in a required configuration.


Determining emotion in a piece of text is a difficult subset of sentiment analysis, a field which has largely focused on binary classification of text as positive or negative. Classifying sentences in one of six major emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise) can make significant contributions to political polling, marketing, and stock market predictions. In this study, we focus on the first of these six emotions, anger, and develop a model to predict whether or not a reader will feel anger after reading a headline. Our model involves NLP tools stemming, named entity recognition, and part of speech tagging and a bag of words model run on a SVM with a linear kernel and a Naive Bayes Classifier with Laplace smoothing. We developed experimental models to test on smaller subsets of data including: PCA, to reduce dimensionality of data, a synonym algorithm, to expand each headline allowing our model to classify with respect to more words, and a co-occurrence model, to score each headline based on co-occurrences of words with the word 'anger' in the New York Times archives. We also made an emotion headline generation model with Markov chains to see if we can automatically create angry headlines. With these models, we hope to gain greater insight into methods that one can use to detect emotion within text.


Words can reflect differences of culture and words are influenced by history,customs,geographical environments and religions.Animal and plant words are given special cultural connotations in different languages.This paper focuses on the similarities and differences of animal and plant words in both Chinese and English.To be aware of the different cultures and ways of thinking will help us understand the usage of the animal and plant words better,thus understand the language itself much better.


The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was studied in a randomized, prospective, controlled trial of 200 patients, aged 40 years and over, undergoing abdominal surgery (100 for benign disease, 100 for malignant conditions). Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by the 125I‐fibrinogen test. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 35·9 per cent in the control group (103 patients) and 15·5 per cent in the stockinged group (97 patients) (P < 0·025). In the patients with benign disease, deep vein thrombosis developed in 24·5 per cent of the control limbs and 6·1 per cent of stockinged limbs (P < 0·005); in patients with malignant disease the similar figures were 27·9 and 11·5 per cent (P < 0·05). Increasing age did not alter the efficacy of the stockings. It is concluded that graduated compression stockings provide a safe and effective method of prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis.


In the final scene of Marlowe's Edward II, young Edward III, newly crowned after his father's deposition, teases audiences with the possibility that one of English history's most famous funeral ceremonies is about to be re-enacted on the stage. In 1327, Edward II's funeral ceremony was the first in English history to feature an effigy of the dead king on the royal hearse. In this essay, I speculate on the staging of this royal hearse in Marlowe's play and explore the political implications of what might have been an actor performing the effigy on the early modern stage. By animating the royal effigy with an actor's body, Marlowe's play recalls the medieval political theory of the king's two bodies. I propose in this essay that the specter of the staged royal effigy—a prosthetic body that literalizes the persona ficta of the dead king—in Marlowe's history play engages this theory by undermining the force of sovereign authority fundamental to the concept of the king's two bodies, supplementing sovereign authority with a prosthesis that is at the same time a reminder of sovereignty's denuded force; in exploring the paradox of sovereign excess with the king's royal hearse in Marlowe's play, this essay makes the case that Edward II offers an immanent challenge to royal absolutism from within the body of the dead king.


In mathematics, when we want to introduce classes which fulfill certain conditions, we usually prove beforehand that classes fulfilling such conditions do exist, and that such classes are uniquely determined by the conditions. The statements which state such unicity and existence of classes are in mathematical logic consequences of the principles of extensionality and class existence. In order to illustrate how these principles enable us to introduce classes into systems of mathematical logic, let us consider the manner in which Gödel introduces classes in his book on set theory. For instance, before introducing the definition of the non-ordered pair of two classes Gödel puts down as its justification the following two axioms: By A4, for every two classes y and z there exists at least one non-ordered pair w of them; and by A3, w is uniquely determined in A4.


PT Tasly World Indonesia Branch Bandung is addressed in Jl. Abdul Rachman Saleh 9 City Square A-3 Bandung. At the time of recording supplies, PT Tasly World Indonesia Branch Bandung is already using the computer by using Microsoft Office Excel 2003, which is often in error recording. On the problems the writer took the title " Accounting Information Systems Inventory Trade at PT Tasly World Indonesia Branch Bandung". Research type which writer applies is base research, data type which writer applies is qualitative data and quantitative data, research design type which writer applies is research design with primary data and secondary data, research method which writer applies is research of eksploratoris and descriptive research, data collecting technique which writer applies is field researcher what consisted of interview and observation and bibliography research system development method which writer applies is methodologies orienting at process, data and output. System development structure applied is Waterfall. Scheme of information system applied is context diagram, data flow diagram, and flowchart With writer makes scheme of trade stock accounting information system, expected data processing, record-keeping of supply data at PT Tasly World Indonesia Cabang Bandung becomes more effective, computerized and efficient as according to financial accounting standard and, output yielded consisted of supply card, supply report, sale report, report retur goods, report retur sale, financial statement, Balance Sheet.


An automated system for single-quantum studies of the time characteristics of luminescence of a wide range of objects is described. The system is controlled and data are processed by means of a modular software system that is a problem-oriented overlay for the RAFOS operating system and is designed for users who are not professional programmers.


The Nano-TiO 2 was modified by doping TiO 2 nanoparticles with W 6+ as catalyst, improving the photocatalytic activity and photocatalytic properties of nanometer TiO 2 . We have studied the tungsten doped TiO 2 nanoparticles' photocatalytic degradation performance and viscosity reduction properties to the polymer by the degradation of polyacrylamide in oilfield sewage (PAM). Different catalysts, different amount of catalyst and PAM aqueous solution's pH value effect the photocatalytic degradation rate. The results show that: tungsten doped nanometer TiO 2 has higher photocatalytic activity than the TiO 2 nanoparticles and its photocatalytic performance of viscosity reduction is very significant. The oil-field sewage degradation rate reached about 70% after 120min light reaction of 125 W high pressure mercury lamp as the light source with 3%tungsten doping amount and 1% photocatalyst dosage. TiO 2 nano-particles doped with tungsten had obvious viscosity reduction effect on the photolytic oxidation of oilfield wastewater containing PAM.


Deformation behaviour, micromechanical response, and failure initiation of Al–Mg2Si composites have been investigated in terms of stress-strain flow behaviour and localization through finite element (FE) analysis. The experimental and FE analysis results have a good agreement, and the results show that the yield strength of the composites increases with an increase in Mg2Si concentration, whereas the elongation decreases. Decohesion, particle fracture, and matrix yielding are the dominated fracture mode. The reinforcing Mg2Si phase always carries a higher load than the α-Al phase. The matrix (α-Al) phase has much higher ductility than the Mg2Si phase, but the ductility of the α-Al phase decreases with an increase in Mg2Si concentration in the composite.


1. Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change. A Framework for Analysis 2. Italy and the EU. Between 'High' and 'Low' Politics 3. Europeanization and Italian Agricultural Policy 4. Europeanization and Italian Regional Cohesion Policy 5. Europeanization and Italian Employment Policy 6. The Politics of Domestic Adaptation 7.Conclusion


Discharge from a hospital does not mark the end of care or indicate cure of disease thus care must continue at home in order to maximize health gains. Discharge planning implementation (DPI) ensures conterminous care after discharge and understanding the factors that affect clinical staff's compliance to DPI may improve clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting DPI compliance in Margaret Marquart Catholic Hospital.
Method
In this study, 112 clinical staff and 281 discharged adult patients/relatives were purposively sampled and interviewed at enclosed settings. Structured questionnaires and a data extraction tool were used to collect data from participants and documentary review. The mean/median of each variable was used as a dividing line to split the variables into positive and negative scores. Chi square test was performed for an association and logistic regression for the strength of association.
Results
The majority (57%) of the staff complied to discharge planning implementation but few patients, (43%), received DPI. Of all the factors, hospital system (OR =3.57, p=0.02, 95%CI:0.20,2.37), the absence of discharge policy and patient health literacy affected DPI compliance.
Conclusion: Improving staff compliance requires coordination of system-wide discharge policy implemented by hospital managers demonstrating DPI as a priority to serve patients/families with regard and willingness to wait for discharge planning execution.


Abstract Reservoir simulation of realistic reservoir can be computationally demanding because of the large number of system unknowns. Model order reduction (MOR) technique represents a promising approach for accelerating the simulations. In this work, we focus on the application of a MOR technique called Krylov-enhanced proper orthogonal decomposition (KPOD), which combines the moment-matching property of Arnoldi with data generalization ability of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to alleviate POD's dependence on the choice of snapshots and the particular input conditions. We apply KPOD and POD methods for a two-phase (oil–water) reservoir model which is solved by semi-implicit Euler discretization and consider two different scenarios to evaluate the predictive capability of POD and KPOD methods. The example demonstrates that even though the difference of inputs of testing and training process is larger, the results of KPOD are in close agreement with the full-order simulation, while the accuracy of POD becomes very poor. And because the number of base vector for KPOD is less, the KPOD is able to approximately reduce the simulation time by 3 times compared with the full-order reservoir model. The KPOD method outperforms POD method in computational efficiency and accuracy.


The article is devoted to the issue of setting up an allUnion science control and planning centre in the USSR in the second half of the 1920s. The author examines propositions made by scientists, party managers and statesmen for organizing an all-state science management body, as well as the process of its formation.


Solar PV technology has advanced significantly in recent years as a result of the widespread adoption of clean energy resources, and it is now the most preferred renewable energy resource. Large-scale industries use PVs in conjunction with co-generation plants to reduce carbon emissions while increasing revenue. However, due to continuous carbon emissions from co-generation plants, dust and carbon particles accumulate on the PV panels, necessitating extensive cleaning at the expense of increased labor expenses and decreased net revenue for operation. Furthermore, the efficiency of co-generation plants, which rely heavily on PV plant operation, is being harmed, limiting large-scale PV resource implementation in the industrial sector. To that end, this paper presents a novel image classification method for increasing the efficiency of large-scale industry co-generation plants by simultaneously detecting and classifying dust and soil on PV arrays. The proposed method takes into account PV array images captured by a high-resolution camera, industry meteorological data for different seasons, and the operating characteristics of a co-generation power plant as training data. The training data is then fed into the deep learning framework, which consists of coupled Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models for feature extraction and Long short-term memory (LSTM) models for learning sequential meteorological data to enable joint classification and detection tasks. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieve an accuracy of 50.91% for CNN (Image data only), 94. 09% for LSTM (Meteorological data only), and 96.54% for CNN-LSTM (with combined image and meteorological data). The proposed system can help engineers of large-scale industry with large PV plants and co-generation for optimal cleaning regimes of PV panels and maximize co-generation plant efficiency.


Objective: Video oculography is a simple, accurate alternative to the scleral search coil method measuring individual semicircular canal function in Head Impulse Testing (HIT). Here we compare the video HIT with the caloric test for the diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral vestibulotoxicity due to systemic gentamicin therapy. Method: Using the video HIT (ICS Impulse – GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark) we studied 23/126 patients with gentamicin vestibulotoxicity; 5 unilateral, 18 bilateral. All 126 had caloric testing (30°C, 44°C); 82 also had 0°C testing. The video HIT took about 15 minutes and gave immediate results. Results: All 126 patients had severe unilateral or bilateral impairment of lateral semicircular canal function on caloric testing. Slow phase velocity was under 5°/s for each 30 or 44°C irrigation and under 7°/s for each 0°C irrigation. The video HIT correctly detected this loss in all 23 patients tested. During the video HIT the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex from each lateral semicircular canal varied from 0.3 to 0.9 (N > 0.95). While a gain of 0.9 is near normal, the data in each patient showed covert or overt catch-up saccades, confirming the vestibulo-ocular reflex deficit. Conclusion: The video HIT is a simple, accurate way of immediately diagnosing unilateral or bilateral gentamicin vestibulotoxicity avoiding the need for caloric testing. It might be applicable for monitoring of patients receiving potentially vestibulotoxic drugs and might in time replace the caloric test for the diagnosis of peripheral vestibulopathies.


Background: Smoking behavior kills up to half of its users. The prevalence of adolescents aged 16-19 years who smoke increased 3 times from 7.1% in 1995 to 20.5% in 2014. In 2018, the age at first smoking per day was highest in Aceh, namely 15-19 years (53 ,5%). Interventions using an Islamicbased marketing mix are still rarely done to change smoking habits in adolescents. This study aims to examine students' opinions about the marketing mix intervention on the materials and media used to change students' smoking behavior in Aceh. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method without control group design. The sample in this study were 132 smokers who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. To collect data used a questionnaire. Univariate analysis was conducted to determine the percentage of each question for each given intervention. The results of the study: students' assessment of the presenters and media from each theme showed satisfactory results and was very acceptable for students to change smoking behavior. Conclusions and Suggestions: According students, module design based on marketing mix method were easily accepted to change smoking behavior. For this reason, it is hoped that the intervention can be used to determine the effectiveness of students' smoking behavior.


The need to tackle some novel geotechnical problems requires the incorporation of the effects of suction and temperature into current understanding of soil behavior. The paper reviews recent advances in this field of research focusing in three main areas: laboratory testing, in situ testing and monitoring and physical modeling. Special attention is given to the development of a triaxial apparatus with simultaneous control of suction and temperature and to the in situ measurement of suction.


The best food for low-birth-weight (LBW) infants remains controversial. Because of its immunological properties and nutritional qualities, human milk is considered the superior food for all neonates. It has been shown that preterm infants may benefit from their own mother's milk made richer in protein and electrolytes than mature breast milk (1). However, following premature delivery, breast milk is not always available. Because of its low protein, energy, and mineral content, banked human milk is often considered inadequate to fulfill the nutritional requirements of rapidly growing LBW infants (2,3). On the other hand, feeding with standard formulas often leads to a high fecal loss of fat, which decreases the amount of energy available for growth and impedes calcium absorption and nitrogen retention (4 6). Therefore, in recent years, human milk lactoengineering and specially adapted formulas have been developed to meet the specific nutritional needs of LBW infants. The aim of the present chapter is to compare the results of metabolic balances carried out in three groups of very LBW infants


Abstract : Studies were conducted of the enhanced radar cross section (RCS) and improved inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image quality that may result at millimeter-wave (mmw) frequencies. To study the potential for mmw radar in these areas, a program was initiated in FY 90 to design and fabricate a 49.0- to 49.5-GHz stepped-frequency radar. After conducting simultaneous measurements of the RCS of an airborne Piper Navajo twin-engine aircraft at 9.0 and 49.0 GHz, the RCS at 49.0 GHz was always found to be higher than at 9.0 GHz by an amount that depended on the target aspect angle. The largest increase was 19 dB and was measured at nose-on incidence; at other angles of incidence, the increase ranged from 3 to 10 dB. The increase averaged over a 360-degree aspect-angle change was 7.2 dB. The 49.0-GHz radar has demonstrated a capability to gather well- calibrated millimeter-wave RCS data of flying targets. In addition, the successful ISAR images obtainable with short aperture time suggest that 49.0-GHz radar may have a role to play in noncooperative target identification (NCTI).... Millimeter-wave(mmw) radar frequencies, Radar Cross Section(RCS) data, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) images


In the Gimbaled INS,constant error of gyroscope and machined accelerometers is one of the most important factor which restrict the system's precision.Analysis the influence of inertial platform、peed diffuse and positioning error from inertial instrument in the Gimbaled INS,give the inherent error and its error rule after initial alignment.The result indicates that every error is oscillator unless longitudinal error.The result has important meaning in the inertial instrument choosing when design the Gimbaled INS.


This thesis presents the energy, water, and carbon budgets of a Sitka spruce plantation forest in Scotland over the period 1997 to 2001. The site's infrastructure, layout, and methods employed in site operation are described and a detailed analysis of the temporal and environmental dependencies of microclimatological measurements is presented. The site microclimate is observed to be strongly influenced by the site's oceanic climate, and canopy development. Atmospheric structure is observed to affect temporal patterns of microclimatological variables while topography is observed to affect microclimatological and flux measurements. Eddy covariance flux measurement theory and methods are examined and specific inadequacies are addressed. Theoretical aspects of eddy covariance that were examined include signal despiking, coordinate rotation, low frequency flux contributions, as well as corrections for density fluctuations, angle of attack errors, and sonic temperature determination. An analysis of frequency response correction methods was used to determine if superior methods could be identified. Fluxes of momentum were used to verify existing measures of atmospheric turbulence and analysed to identify canopy structure and growth. Sensible heat fluxes were found to have an unexpected negative bias, only a portion of which can be attributed to instrument error. This bias is found to depend upon topography and wind speed but is apparently unrelated to katabatic flow. Large errors in latent heat flux were caused by enhanced tube attenuation and were corrected using improved frequency response corrections. Interannual variability of momentum and sensible heat flux were closely associated with wind speed variability, while interannual variability of net ecosystem exchange was attributable primarily to radiation. The source of variability of latent heat flux was not clearly identifiable. Missing values of latent heat flux were modelled using a canopy conductance model, which incorporated effects of canopy evaporation. Missing values of nocturnal net ecosystem exchange were obtained using a temperature dependent model of ecosystem respiration. This model incorporated effects of friction velocity and topography. Diurnal values of net ecosystem exchange were modelled using a light response model of gross ecosystem exchange. This model included dependencies on temperature, vapour pressure deficit, and cloudiness. A comparison of measured net ecosystem exchange data with the output of two


We have developed a high throughput microtiter plate fluorescent assay which can be a good alternative to the traditional HPLC-based protease assay, since it is faster and is able to measure several parallel samples. Our assay was validated by using the traditional method and applied to HIV-1 and HTLV-1 proteases. Several new fluorescent substrates containing EDANS/DABCYL groups were designed and tested. We have also developed an alternative method for the inner filter correction. Inhibition profiles of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 PRs were compared using various clinically used HIV-1 PR inhibitors and new HTLV-1 PR inhibitors were also designed and tested. Later, the new method has also been applied successfully for additional retroviral proteases. Furthermore, we have designed and investigated defective HIV-1 proteases which contained mutations in the active site and in the substrate binding site. After the in silico mutagenesis, we prepared and purified selected proteins for in vitro as well as in cell culture experiments to determine their inhibitory effect on wild-type HIV-1 PR. Mutants containing charged residues showed dose-dependent, specific, trans-dominant inhibitory effect in our experiments, and they represent a new generation of macromolecular inhibitors against HIV-1 PR. Heterodimerization could be detected, for the first time, between a wild-type retroviral PR and trans-dominant negative mutants by NMR spectroscopy using our novel hydrophilic constructs and our facile protein folding protocol. The Asp25Arg and the Gly49Glu mutations introduced into analogous positions of other retroviral PRs may exert a similar inhibitory effect on the corresponding wild-type PR. These residues target the catalytic aspartate, thus it may be considered a general strategy for all retroviral PRs.


After four years of theological and counseling training, I am more aware of and constantly amazed at the significant impact that theology plays in our everyday life in the church, the home, the workplace, and the neighborhood. Openness theology is a heretical theological system that has profound, practical consequences for anyone who subscribes to its presuppositions. In this article we will focus on how openness theology undermines confidence – confidence in God, confidence in prayer, and confidence in the face of suffering and trials.


assisted extraction of proximally migrated biliary plastic stent Stent placement is widely indicated as treatment for biliary obstruction or compression [1]. However, migration is frequently observed, particularly when plastic stents are used for benign strictures. Distally migrated stents are usually spontaneously eliminated and do not require any intervention. Proximal migration often requires stent retrieval using an endoscopic (e.g. Dormia baskets, forceps, small-snare, balloon, or Soehendra stent retrievers), percutaneous, or surgical approach [2–5]. In September 2013, a 58-year-old man developed acute biliary cholecystitis and jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed common bile duct (CBD) dilation with a distal benign stricture. The patient was treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy with stent placement (CLBS-10-9; Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA), and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 1 week. Clinical follow-up was unremarkable. The patient was admitted in December 2013 to remove the biliary plastic stent placed previously. Preliminary radiography (●" Fig.1a) showed migration of the stent, with the proximal end of the stent within the right intrahepatic bile duct; the ampulla showed signs of the previous sphincterotomy but no stent protrusion (●" Fig.2a). An attempt was made to remove the stent using a balloon catheter (●" Fig.1b). However, during traction, significant resistance was encountered, probably due to the distal CBD angle. Thus, conventional techniques requiring a traction force (i. e. Dormia basket, snare or rat-tooth forceps) were avoided. Guidewire stent cannulation (HydroSteer Guidewires, diameter 0.89mm, length 260cm, straight regular-tapered tip; St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) was performed, and then the tip of a sphincterotome (triple-lumen sphincterotome Ultratome XL short nose, length 5mm, cut wire 20mm; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was inserted into the stent (●" Fig.1c). The stent could be extracted easily through the partial opening of the sphincterotome arch (●" Fig.1d,●" Fig.2b). Guidewire stent cannulation and sphincterotome-assisted extraction is relatively simple andallows the retrieval ofmigrated stentswithout theuseofexcessive traction force. In cases of failure, the sphincterotome arch can be closed and the device Fig.1 Radiographic images. a Plastic stent with proximal end within the right intrahepatic bile duct. b Attempt at balloon-assisted stent removal. c Guidewire stent cannulation and insertion of sphincterotome; the white arrow shows the tip of the sphincterotome at the distal end of the stent. d Successful stent removal and biliary drainage into the duodenum.


We investigated the magnetotransport in high quality ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As films and wires. At low temperature the conductivity decreases with decreasing temperature without saturation down to 20 mK. Here we show that the conductivity decrease follows a ln(T/T0) dependency in two-dimensional films and a -1/sqrt(T) dependency in one-dimensional wires and is independent of an applied magnetic field. This behavior can be explained by the theory of electron-electron interaction.


1. The production of sporangia on excised leaves growing in sterile culture has been studied in three species of ferns, Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) Presl, Todea barbara (L.) Moore, and Osmunda cinnamomea L. 2. A high concentration of sucrose in the culture medium favors the production of sporangia on leaves of all three species, although the nature of the response is somewhat different in each. 3. In sporeling leaves of T. barbara it has further been observed that the response is enhanced by an increased supply of inorganic nitrogen in the medium, as well as by substitution of Knudson's solution of inorganic salts for Knop's solution. 4. None of the sporangia reached maturity in culture. No spores were present in the sporangia, the contents of which remained at a premeiotic stage of development. 5. The differences in response of the three species and the relation of the observations reported here to earlier studies are discussed.


Objective To study the health care integration in colorectal cancer patients Miles surgery perioperative clinical application,and evaluate the quality of the postoperative nursing care.Methods A retrospective analysis of 2008 years ago routine care of colorectal cancer patients implementation of 30 patients(control group),and most recently 2009-2011,during the implementation of 30 cases of medical integration comprehensive nursing pathway(the observation group).Compare the pre-operation during the period of the quality of life of the patients and postoperative patients satisfaction.Results The observation group is much better than control group's quality of life,and higher satisfaction.Conclusion Nedical integration in patients with rectal cancer surgery in the complex surgery Miles has a higher application value,can reduce the complications,shorten the length of time,improve the quality of life of the patients.


Laminins are important for basement membrane structure and function. The laminin (cid:1) 2 chain is a major component of muscle basement membranes, and mutations in the laminin (cid:1) 2 gene lead to congenital muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Although the laminin (cid:1) 2 chain is prominently expressed in testicular basement membranes, its role in testis has remained unclear. Here, we show that laminin (cid:1) 1, (cid:1) 2, (cid:2) 1, (cid:2) 2, (cid:3) 1, and (cid:3) 3 chains are the major laminin chains in basement membranes of seminiferous tubules. In laminin (cid:1) 2 chain-deficient dy 3K / dy 3K mice, lack of laminin (cid:1) 2 chain led to concurrent reduction of laminin (cid:3) 3 chain and abnormal testicular basement membranes. Seminiferous tubules of laminin (cid:1) 2 chain-deficient dy 3K / dy 3K mice displayed a defect in the timing of lumen formation, resulting in production of fewer spermatides. We also demonstrate that overexpression of laminin (cid:1) 1 chain in testis of dy 3K / dy 3K mice compensated for laminin (cid:1) 2 chain deficiency and significantly reversed the appearance of the histopathological features. We thus provide genetic data that laminin (cid:1) chains are essential barrier as they mature and traverse the tubular lumen. In the present study, we provide genetic evidence that laminin (cid:1) chains are vital for spermatogenesis. We first examined the expression pattern of laminin (cid:1) , (cid:2) , and (cid:3) chains in wild-type and laminin (cid:1) 2 chain-deficient dy 3K / dy 3K testes. We demonstrate that lack of laminin (cid:1) 2 chain leads to concomitant loss of the laminin (cid:3) 3 and abnormal basement membrane. Seminiferous tubules of we show that appearance histopathological


T HE immediate implications of the title of this paper: "The Place of Modern Languages in Professional and Vocational Training," are limited. A simple tabulation of the advantages of language study to engineers, chemists or teachers would suffice to cover the subject. This, however, would be neither new nor interesting, and it would certainly offer us no arms with which to fight the Battle of the Languages in which we are now engaged. No meeting of this sort, it seems, is complete without some sort of pep-talk, some attack upon the Philistines, without some sort of rally in which we renew our faith in ourselves and our profession so as to be able to go back to our positions of relative isolation a little less discouraged than when we came. To that purpose, therefore, I dedicate this paper. The problem of the place of languages in technical and professional schools is only a small segment of the larger question of the place in our school system of subjects devoted wholly or in part to the intellectual and cultural development of the student. And this question exists only because of the present ascendancy of the doctrine of utilitarian education. It is a commonplace of educational history that until recently our schools have been aristocratic rather than democratic in philosophy. Copied on the English model they aimed at the production of leaders, or, if we prefer to be a little more realistic, they were designed to occupy the sons of our better families during their adolescence and young manhood. Then the tide changed toward a more democratic philosophy and now it is the proud boast of some of our educational leaders that America stands supreme among the nations of the world in providing free schooling for even the lowest levels of society. That is mass production, with all its attendant evils, but it sounds very fine and democratic until some cynic reminds us that the prime accomplishment of such an effort has been to lift up the masses from complete illiteracy to the point where they can read the comic strips in the daily papers. Our public schools, as we all know, are no longer educational institutions in the original sense of the word, but mere training schools, often for the lesser trades. The very meaning of the word education is undergoing a change, and to many it already stands as the very symbol of shallowness,


Abstract : In previous applications of the optimal control model of the human operator it has been assumed that the 'internal model' is an exact replica of the system model. This assumption appears satisfactory in many instances, as has been demonstrated by agreement between model predictions and experimental data. There are situations in which the assumption does not appear tenable. For example, highly complex systems, naive or untrained operators and undetected component failure. This analysis presents methods of implementing an internal model which differs from the system model.


In order to overcome the constraints of the traditional manufacturing method of diamond turning tool that the fabrication process relies on the operator's skill and experiences and needs repeated offline measurements,an online image measurement method is used to replace the offline measurement in the traditional manufacturing method.According to the information of cutting edge shape and location,the grinding system automatically drives the diamond turning tool to grind the edge contour pertinently through optimal processing strategies.The optimal image processing methods for obtaining the center of diamond turning tool cutting edge and center of rotation of the grinding system are determined through a comparison of the efficiency and accuracy of the three methods for obtaining tool cutting edge.By adjusting the distance between the center of diamond turning tool cutting edge and center of rotation of the grinding system on real time,the initial clamping error which influences the precision and efficiency of cutting edge processing is eliminated.An image measurement system suitable for measuring micro-round nose diamond turning tool is developed.The experiments show that the obtained information of cutting edge contour using the developed online image measurement system is more accurate,accurate,and the highly efficiency,high precision,low-cost and stable manufacturing of micro-round nose diamond turning tool is guaranteed.


A novel measurement method is proposed to evaluate the complex permittivity of material by using a cylindrical cavity resonator. The conventional cavity resonator methods have been based on the simple electromagnetic field analysis, and a rodlike sample should be loaded all the way from the top to the bottom of the resonator. However, the method proposed in this paper employs an accurate and efficient hybrid electromagnetic analysis method for the evaluation of materials and removes the restriction on the size of the sample materials. The radius and length of the sample are chosen considering the electrical characteristics of the sample, and the fact allows the expansion of the application range of the evaluation method to the materials with higher permittivity and/or higher loss. Also, the sample is not loaded in the insertion opening of the resonator in the proposed method. Therefore, it prevents the leakage of electromagnetic fields through opening and improves the accuracy of the evaluation of material with higher permittivity and/or higher loss. Complex permittivities of a few samples of ceramics with high permittivity and lossy electromagnetic absorber are measured in a microwave range to show the validity of this method.


A new switched reluctance motor for hybrid motion control is presented in this study. The motor can control both motions simultaneously and separately. A dedicated sensorless drive is developed for each kind of motion based on diagnostic pulse injection method. Eliminating the position sensors in the motor with two degrees of freedom reduces the manufacturing cost and complexity. Each kind of motion is controlled independently therefore no decoupling algorithm is required. The motor has been mainly designed to eliminate rotary to linear gears to be used as an automatic drilling tool. The cylindrical translators let simultaneous excitation of all coils on the linear stator and provide short magnetic flux paths which reduce the magnetic core losses and increase the force per volume. The motor design is verified initially by running three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) on both rotary and linear sections. The motor is fabricated and tested in the lab utilising the sensorless drive. Accordance of experimental values with the FEA results certifies the performance and applicability of the motor.


Was the 'ethic of Jesus' unique? Was it ever intended to be literally obeyed? Have Jesus' followers always evaded its implications? Here is a challenging response.


A comparative study of continuous-time analogue filter configurations derived by employing two alternative low-voltage current mirror configurations has been performed in this paper. This is achieved by designing a 5th-order lowpass filter following the operational emulation (leapfrog) technique of the corresponding passive prototype filter. The behavior of the derived filter configurations has been studied through simulation results, where important performance factors have been considered in order to evaluate the benefits offered by each topology.


To solve the placement problem of SDN controllers in the elastic optical datacenter networks, most of researches focus on the static placement of controllers, which will lead to the load unbalancing of controllers under dynamic flow variations. Unfortunately, some controllers are not fully utilized so that it will result in a waste of controller resources. In this paper, we propose a dynamic matching algorithm called DMA which is able to optimize the controller load balance. Our solution, considering dynamic controller placement, is implemented for maximizing the control resource utilization, with the condition that the controller is not overloaded. Finally, compared with static placement, results of simulations demonstrate the viability of DMA in improving the control resource utilization.


To use general generating expert system database will meet some problems such as expansion of database,difficulty of updating and low efficiency of logic rationalization.Our design which is based on entomology knowledge and thought of OO (Object Oriented) made some attempt about method of expert system database construction and brought forward a set of thoughts to maintain structure database and entity database separately.The method to build expert system database based on inherited way will save the space of necessary database,optimize detached maintenance of database and use them unitarily to show its function,improve the efficiency of reasoning machine.These features make it easy to perform and derive new functions from the framework of database.


Abstract A method has been developed for the application of direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES) to the determination of rare earth elements (REE) in samples of phosphates collected from the Abu Tartur area, Western Desert, Egypt. Complete dissolution of the samples was achieved using an HF/HNO3/HClO4 digestion procedure. Careful study of line overlap interference originating from REE as well as from minor and major constituents of the samples enabled the selection of the RE spectral lines appropriate for the analysis. Optimization of the DCP was necessary with respect to gas pressure and observation zone. The matrix effect due to the presence of Ca and Al was studied. The total content of REE directly determined in the samples ranged between 1.054 and 1.648 mg/gm. The results reveal the applicability of the DCP-AES for the direct determination of 11 REE in phosphate samples. ∗ NRC Phys. Dept. Spectroscopy lab. Cairo Egypt. + Physics Department, Faculty of Science, ALAZHAR Universi...


Safety is the most important feature in modern cars, and accordingly it has attracted attention of many researchers and developers in the car designing field. Fatalities of car accidents due to the drowsey driving and not fastening seat belt increases dramaticlly. In this context, an attempt has been made to designing a car safety system whereby the car will not run unless the driver buckle up and driver will be alert if drowsiness is detected. In the proposed system the NeuroSky Mind-wave headset is used to capture different electroencephalogram (EEG) levels. In addition to this, a limit Switch electrical circuit is designed and attached between the seat belt and the ignition system to control the engine starting. Finally, Arduino microcontroller with its software is used as a signal processing unit to control the safety system in the car. The experimental results show that the system is accurately able to enhance the safety aspect of drivers.


9526 Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Following a heart healthy diet may decrease this risk. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between diet and MetSyn among CCS. Methods: CCS who were 10+ year survivors of childhood cancer, who were older than 18 years of age, and participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE). They completed a medical assessment based on Children's Oncology Group screening guidelines, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Laboratory and physical measures were obtained to determine MetSyn status using the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Participants were classified as having MetSyn if they met the criteria for ≥3 components of MetSyn. Data from the FFQ were used to score dietary patterns according to WCRF/AICR recommendations. Those who met ≥4 of the 7 recommendations were classifie...


Unmanned vehicles (UxV) operate in numerous environments, with air, ground and marine representing the majority of the implementations. All unmanned vehicles, when traversing unknown space, have similar requirements. They must sense their environment, create a world representation, and, then plan a path that safely avoids obstacles and hazards. Traditionally, each unmanned vehicle class used environment specific assumptions to create a unique world representation that was tailored to it operating environment. Thus, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used the simplest possible world representation, where all space above the ground plane was free of obstacles. Conversely, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) required a world representation that was suitable to its complex and unstructured environment. Such a clear cut differentiation between UAV and UGV environments is no longer valid as UAVs have migrated down to elevations where terrestrial structures are located. Thus, the operating environment for a low flying UAV contains similarities to the environments experienced by UGVs. As a result, the world representation techniques and algorithms developed for UGVs are now applicable to UAVs, since low flying UAVs must sense and represent its world in order to avoid obstacles. Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) conducts research and development in both the UGV and UAV fields. Researchers have developed a platform neutral world representation, based upon a uniform 21/2-D elevation grid, that is applicable to many UxV classes, including aerial and ground vehicles. This paper describes DRDC's generic world representation, known as the Global Terrain map, and provides an example of unmanned ground vehicle implementation, along with details of it applicability to aerial vehicles.


Due to highly unpredictable nature of financial derivatives market such as options, profiting from these financial products has always been a challenge for investors. One of the sources of challenge is posed by accurate computation of volatility of the underlying assets (such as stocks) of an option. For this research we use the volatility forecast from Data-Driven Neuro ARCH (DDNA) volatility model [1] along with the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compute option prices. Since the MC method requires a large number of simulations for better precision, we implement the proposed model on two easily accessible cloud resources (Amazon's elastic map reduce (EMR) and Google's Cloud DataProc (GDP)) using the Hadoop MapReduce paradigm.We show that our model outperforms the existing option pricing models in terms of efficiency and accuracy.This proposed strategy could be used by investors for computing option prices precisely with relative ease, allowing them to value the numerous available option contracts for their investment decisions.


This paper deals with Comparative Literature (CL) as it can be employed in Teaching Literature. After surveying the importance of CL as a whole, it proposes that CL can enhance teaching literature to Yemeni learners of English. The paper is divided into four sections: 1.0


The article contains a critique of the concept of the democratic deficit of the EU. Its logical unsustainability is revealed by demonstrating that it is based on the 'fallacy of false analogy'. Several of the numerous implications of this assertion are elaborated, with a special emphasis on the 'no-demos thesis'. The article does not treat the idea of the democratic deficit of the EU merely as an analytical concept that is based on a false analogy and thus logically incorrect. For the concept has been persistently used in political debates as one of the most destructive tools against the EU. The concluding section contains a radical proposal for a counter-offensive in favour of European integration.


directors (p. 142). Reading through these essays can prove to be a worthwhile exercise in enlarging one's cultural repertoire, but one cannot help but wonder what holds these considerations of disparate subject and diverse cultural texts together. Indeed, Ma makes it abundantly clear in the introduction and throughout the chapters that a central theme of these essays is Orientalism, understood not just as a mechanism of "control [toward] the East," but also a strange fascination with the East, the desire "to identify with or lose oneself in it" (p. 3). The West does not monopolize Orientalism. Rather, it is intrinsic to Asian modernities and Asian American culture. In claiming to speak on behalf of "Asia," though, Ma hardly questions what constitutes "Asia" or "Asian culture."What binds the Japanese and Korean horror movies or the Korean soaps together? If they all manifest some form of "East-ness," then what precisely would this be? Would not a neglect of these questions make one equally vulnerable to the charge of Orientalist mystification, which Ma directs at Asian American writers? I am not suggesting this book should therefore have been written instead as an area studies monograph about Asia or Asian pop culture. But rather than excavating each text as a specific occasion of the East-West encounter, Ma tends to approach them armed with preconceived assumptions about the shape and form of such encounter. Hence we see in the chapters more attention devoted to thematic issues rather than to language, form, or aesthetics. There is also a general tendency of privileging the author's own views over preexisting studies or considerations of the texts' reception in the United States and Asia. While all the chapters have a few citations, they include no footnotes. If the author's intention is to "probe into the conjoinedness of West and East, . . . [and] render fluid the two hemispheres of the globe" (p. 5), it would be counterproductive to assume that the identity of a cultural product can be transparently revealed without any deep engagement with its mode of production, reception, or aesthetics. It is this simplification in textual analysis that generates for this reader a sense of disjunction between the plethora of cultural texts introduced in the book and the uniformity of conclusions from one chapter to the next. I was struck by a sense of monotony and repetition halfway into the book and found myself wishing for a few more unexpected reading strategies or surprising arguments, which do not appear until the end. This book might conceivably be used as a secondary source in an undergraduate class on Asian and Asian American culture, but it falls short as a model of rigorous research in the areas of comparative cultural studies or trans-Pacific cultural exchange.


Eliminating the cumbersome input operation upon receipt of the event information and provides the user with a high convenience. A data distribution system using a network 400, the data delivery server 100 is stored in the recording medium 300 from the video game apparatus 200 receives a recording medium specifying information, and the video game device 200 the authentication information and a password for performing a delivery permission from the event information to the video game device performing the management right in relation to the (200), authentication information, and transmits the password to the video game device 200, and a video game apparatus for from 200 receives a response from the password, it performs the delivery of the event information to the video game device 200. Then, the video game device 200 includes a password storage means for receiving the authentication information and the password from the data delivery server 100, and stores the password.


In this study, we give voice to athletes and explore what 'clean' means for them in elite sport. Working together with elite athletes and National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) in five European countries, we investigated the meaning and importance of 'clean sport' and 'clean athlete identity' from the athletes' perspectives. With athletes as co-researchers, we conducted focus group interviews involving 82 athletes from Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovenia and the UK. The results show that clean athlete identity – which is a strong protection against doping and cheating in sport - is a social endeavour, which should be reflected in anti-doping interventions. Athletes' accounts suggest that clean athlete identity is reinforced, but not created, by values-based (anti-doping) education. Whilst clean athlete identity is universally rooted in upbringing, early experiences and love of sport; definition of clean performance enhancement is highly idiosyncratic. Both problems and solutions in anti-doping were identified as systemic. Participatory research with athletes and stakeholders is a feasible and rewarding avenue for sport organisations with responsibility for anti-doping for athlete involvement.


In an asynchronous uplink multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems, user's individual timing offset exist in the received signal. Since the synchronization of all user's signals is not always avail-able, the resulting multi-user interference (MUI) lead to severe performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a novel symbol structure with zero-padding to synchronize all user's signal, which can eliminate the MUI completely. The simulation results show the validity of proposed method.


An MPI-based time-domain method for evaluating DRS in transmission fiber with distributed Raman amplifiers is proposed; it combines self-heterodyne detection and OSW. We characterize the MPI with/without distributed Raman amplifiers at 1.5 μ m.


The accumulation of lead, cadmium and mercury in the soft body mass of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) exposed to dissolved chloride salts was determined. The effects of the heavy-metal exposure on the growth, mortality and reproduction were examined. The ranges of metal concentration tested were established following preliminary studies to determine their relative toxicity. Exposure to PbCl2 (1‐250 � M), CdCl2 (0.05‐0.5 � M,) or HgCl2 (0.1‐2.5 � M) at 28°C for periods up to eight weeks resulted in small, but statistically significant mortality and decreased growth. No significant effects on reproduction were noted. At 17°C, mortality and growth were not affected by heavy-metal exposure over the eight-week observation period. Snails were not reproductively active at the lower temperature. Spectrophotometric analyses demonstrated that snails exposed to Pb, Cd or Hg had significantly elevated levels of these metals in their bodies within four weeks at 17° or 28°C, indicating that this species and/or its close relatives may prove valuable as biomonitors for heavy-metal pollution.


Globally, the availability and accessibility of safe and clean water is essential for the life of humans, animals and vegetation on earth. In addition, water is related to proper sanitation. Consequently, water and sanitation challenges deserve closer analysis so that life on earth can be improved. The water and sanitation question in a South African municipality was considered in this enquiry. The study question was: what are the water and sanitation challenges faced by residents of a rural municipality in a selected municipality from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. To address the research question, three focus group discussions were conducted. The focus groups involved community leaders and administrators of the municipality who were selected using a snowball sampling technique. It was found that the use of unprotected water sources (rivers, stream and wells) and poor sanitation practices (mainly bush toilets) was prevalent among residents. A number of respondents reported water scarcity and inaccessibility challenges which resulted in queues at water sources. In some instances, violence among residents in water queues was reported. The gender perspective of the problem was revealed, with many women having to face most of the challenges. This was not surprising since women are mainly involved in the cleaning and water-based chores of households in African communities. As a result of these water challenges, residents were vulnerable to contracting waterborne diseases. In addition, some residents held superstitious beliefs and witchcraft fears associated with the use of unmanaged open water sources. These findings are useful for policy makers, the government and environmental institutions to provide support to people in the municipality.


There are many problems and shortcomings in the implementation of teaching methods reform in higher schools,so higher schools should pay attention to the reform of classroom teaching methods,support the reform of teaching methods,train teachers,promote the successful practices of teaching methods reform,establish a good typical,implement teaching methods to adapt innovative training system and further improve the quality of classroom teaching.


A recent trend in paleomagnetism is the study of samples of ever decreasing sizes, going down to (sub)millimeter scales and even microscopic scales ("nanopaleomagnetism"). These include studies of single-silicate-crystals, microscopic magnetic imaging of the cloudy zones in Iron meteorites, and recently even the determination of individual magnetic remanence carriers. As single-crystal and nanopalaeomagnetic methods are getting more adopted, it is getting increasingly important to assess the statistical reliability with which such small samples can record remanences from a physical perspective. We previously proposed a benchmark to assess small-scale samples of randomly oriented non-interacting single-domain (SD) particles and found that in most cases, the number of magnetic particles a sample must contain lies in the order of tens to hundreds of millions – or equivalently NRM strengths of the order of 10 -12 Am 2 . In this talk, we present how this benchmark can be used as a simple yet indispensable tool to assess whether or not (sub)millimeter-size and nanopalaeomagnetic samples are able to statistically reliably record palaeomagnetic fields. Moreover, this talk will provide an outlook into future limitations but also opportunities of the statistical physics nature of microscopic magnetic particle systems. It will explore if multi-domain particles should ever be considered statistically reliable recorders, how interactions in SD particle clusters might affect statistical reliability, and will review the various challenges that Iron meteorites pose as a remanence recorder.


Patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease usually develop secondary hyperparathyroidism with concomitant parathyroid gland hyperplasia. Following renal transplantation, parathyroid glands usually undergo slow involution, resulting in lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and abatement of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. A subset of patients has more severe hyperparathyroidism posttransplant, and develops persistent and significant hypercalcemia.


Extremely variable species, tufted (sometimes shortly rhizomatous) perennial, with types ranging in habit from ascendant to erect, and branching culms from about 0.3 to 2.0 m at maturity; rooting at lower nodes. Root system strong, fibrous, to >2 m. Stems wiry, 1–4 mm thick, nodes hairy or glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline. Ligule a fringe of hairs, 0.2–2 mm long. Leaf blades linear, 2–13 mm wide and 3–37 cm long; apex acuminate; green, blue green to grey green in colour, scabrous, mostly glabrous, sometimes hairy at the base. Inflorescence erect or nodding spiciform panicle, 2–15 cm long and 1–2.6 cm wide, straw, grey or purple coloured, bristly, with numerous bur-like seed units (fascicles) inserted along a zig-zag axis. Fascicle comprising 1–4 spikelets, 2–5.5 mm long, acutely lanceolate, surrounded by an involucre of bristles; involucral bristles deciduous with the fertile spikelets; with an outer whorl of thinner bristles; inner bristles longer than outer; with one conspicuously longer bristle; 8–16 mm long; bristles antrorsely barbed and hairy, giving the fascicle an adhesive quality. Caryopsis obovoid; dorsally compressed; 1.5–2 × 1 mm; dark brown; glabrous; truncate or obtuse; apex unappendaged. 330,000–550,000 seed units/kg, or 900,000–2,000,000 caryopses/kg.


Combining the initial condition for institutional transition in China——the characteristics of the twisted industrial structures on the basis of loosing the hypothesis premise of the neo-classical competition theory, the paper analyses the cause of deflation by introducing such production factors as sunk costs. Since those large stateowned enterprises in China themselves lack comparative advantages and are liable to deficit and because the sunk cost of the fixed capital investment of state-owned enterprises cannot withdraw from the market, thus leading to excessive competition, which results in the fall of prices, profit rates as well as decrease of investment, the current deflation in China thus occurs. The paper offers that policies dealing with deflation from the perspective of sunk costs should carry out the strategic exit of stateowned enterprises and reduce the number of sunk costs.


Abstract—Woolcool is an eco–friendly type of packaging, made of 100% pure sheep's wool, hygienically sealed in recyclable food– grade wrap. Due to its complex physical and chemical composition, wool can also help control humidity and reduce condensation. Given these properties, the potential of wool to be used as packaging liners for the transport of meat is of interest. The present study assessed the microbiological quality of meat packaged and stored at room temperature for 40 h in conventional EPS (expanded polystyrene) boxes and cardboard boxes lined with Woolcool using standard, approved culturing techniques. The findings suggest that the product may have potential market value as packaging liners for transporting meat, and possibly other food products. Further research is needed to allow better generalisation to real-world conditions, and understanding of how these packaging liners could maintain food quality on a larger scale.


The dielectrically modulated heterostructure TFET based nanocavity embedded label-free biosensors are emerging as low power, highly sensitive bio-analyte detectors. High sensitivity and fast detection of biomolecules are still a challenge for researchers. In this article, single cavity dual-material extended gate heterostructure (III-V) TFET (SC-DM-EG HTFET) based dielectrically modulated label-free biosensor is proposed; which promises higher sensitivity and better device performances such as, ON current, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ON}/\text{I}_{OFF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ratio, subthreshold swing (SS); compared with single cavity dual-material heterostructure TFET (SC-DM HTFET), dual cavity dual-material heterostructure TFET (DC-DM HTFET), as well as, previously proposed FET based biosensors. 2D numerical simulation of the biosensors was performed with SILVACO ATLAS 2D simulation software. III-V heterostructure (InGaAs/Si) and extended gate geometry provide increased tunneling probability, improved gate control, high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ON}/\text{I}_{OFF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ratio, and ultra-high sensitivity, compared to IV-IV heterostructure biosensors. The sensitivities of the biosensors are analyzed for both neutral and charged biomolecules, with dielectric constants <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}=5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>,7,10,12. Effect of non-ideal issues on sensitivity, such as temperature fluctuation, steric hindrance are also studied for the biosensors mentioned above. Benchmarking is done to provide a quantitative comparison of the proposed biosensor with published literature. A maximum sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.3\times 10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, along with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ON}/\text{I}_{OFF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 10^{12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>and SS of 25.4 mV/V is noticed in SC-DM-EG HTFET for the dielectric constant of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}=12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in a completely filled cavity of neutral biomolecules.


Synthesis of (4',5'-diaza-9'-fluorene)-spiro-5-hydantoin: The paper presents a method for synthesis of (4',5'-diaza-9'-fluorene)-spiro-5-hydantoin. The newly obtained compound was synthesized by a treatment of 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one with sodium cyanide, ammonium carbonate, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide at high pressure and high temperature. The structure of (4',5'-diaza-9'-fluorene)-spiro-5-hydantoin was verified by UV-Vis, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.