cquadr collects Stata routines that allow to execute the R package cquad inside Stata. This package makes use of the Stata module rcall (https://github.com/haghish/rcall) that lets Stata and R to communicate. The R package performs the estimation, based on conditional maximum likelihood, of the quadratic exponential model proposed by Bartolucci and Nigro (2010, 2012) and of a simplified and a modified version of this model.


A program is designed and tested to calculate the number of theoretical plates required in a LLS extraction column for the methanol, hexane, and rapeseed meal system. The calculation model takes into account the internal mixing effect of solid entrainment in the light phase. The concentration distribution along the column can also be obtained from the model by introducing the efficiency of real plates.

On a concu et teste un programme pour calculer le nombre de plateaux theoriques necessaires dans une colonne d'extraction liquide-liquide-solides pour Ie systeme methano1, hexane et farine de semence rǎpee. Le modele de calcul prend en consideration l'effet de melange interne de l'entraǐnement des solides dans la phase legere. On peut egalement obtenir du modele la distribution des concentrations dans la colonne en introduisant l'efficacite des plateaux reels.


Employment policies have conventionally focused on the transition from welfare to work. However, many of those who leave out of work benefits for employment return to them again relatively quickly, meaning that some people perpetually cycle between work and welfare for much of their working lives. This article considers policy responses to labour market disadvantage in the UK and the extent to which they can help and hinder individuals' efforts to sustain employment. Evidence based on 130 semi-structured interviews with work-welfare 'cyclers', service providers and employers in Glasgow and Dundee is presented and an argument developed which contends that policy responses to employment instability are currently limited in scope and promote only an unambitious conception of sustainable employment. This article argues that employment policies need to go beyond their almost exclusive focus of getting people into work per se and instead give greater priority to promoting sustainable transitions into employment. The research finds that a more sophisticated funding and evaluation framework for contracting out provision and steps to combat the unsustainable nature of the jobs that many jobseekers are restricted to would represent positive steps in the direction of a welfare-in-work policy agenda.


The game discovery process of many network games involves game clients querying one or more master servers who hold a list of all currently active game servers. In this report we investigate the manner in which a Wolfenstein Enemy Territory (ET) master server chooses to maintain and report the list of currently active ET servers around the Internet. We note how the ordering of game servers in the master server's reply influences game server selection by clients, and show that the master server periodically re-orders the list of active game servers. Using data gathered between late 2005 and early 2006 we observe patterns of periodic re-ordering that ensure every active game server has an equal chance of being polled by game clients, regardless of the game server's location on the Internet. To reduce the probe traffic on game servers we believe some form of filtering is desirable to bias game client probing towards closer/local game servers.


An image forming apparatus capable of being connected to an external apparatus through a network performs setting of processing to be executed in the image forming apparatus, receives from the external apparatus a web page for setting processing to be executed in the external apparatus, and displays the web page. Subsequently, the image forming apparatus transmits to the external apparatus an input value input by a user through the displayed web page, and receives an identifier associated with the input value from the external apparatus. The image forming apparatus transmits to the external apparatus the identifier and data to be executed in the processing in the external apparatus, and forms an image of data processed by the external apparatus according to the input value and processed by the image forming apparatus according to the setting.


In any electronic devices and sensors, internal strain is induced because of the thermal change or the lattice mismatch between different materials. It is, therefore, expected that when carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used for electronic devices, their electronic properties are changed caused by the deformation. In this study, we study the mechanism of the change in the band gap of CNTs under the radial strain in terms of state density distribution. We found that the spatial distribution of the state density dominates its strain sensitivity, and thus, the strain sensitivity of electronic properties of CNTs. We also calculated the change in the current through the deformed CNTs. The founding indicates that the state density analysis should be useful for the development of novel electronic devices and nano electro mechanical systems and for assuring their reliable performance.


This document summarises cross-sectional and prospective research on the possible effects of cannabis on educational outcomes. It presents an overview of cannabis use among Australian youth, and looks at the relationship between cannabis use and educational performance. A correlation has been found between cannabis use and poor school performance, truancy, low school commitment and early school leaving. Possible explanations for this correlation are presented, as are implications for intervention and further research. Appendices contain summaries of evidence on the potency of cannabis, and cannabis use and the gateway hypothesis.


Mergers and acquisitions are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities. The purpose of this research is to test the efficiency of the market with respect to declare or announcement of merger and acquisitions using an event study methodology. Specially this study analysed the effects of merger and their announcements on the prices of stocks in company. the study the company involvement in merger and acquisition years to 2014-2018 in order to investigate the returns of shareholders of the target and acquirers. Evidence here supports that significant increasing of return were evidences of excess returns after the merger announcement was also observed along with the leakage of information that resulted in the rise of stock price few days before the announcement of merger or acquisition


PCR based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and relatedness among 22 guava accessions comprising commercial cultivars, breeding lines 'and unimproved cultivars. DNA isolated by CTAB method was used for amplification of 96 markers by using 7 RAPD primers and 56 workers generated by 40 DAMD primers. Genetic distance matrix based on Jaccard's coefficient revealed maximum distance between Purple Guava and Allahabad Safeda (43%), whereas minimum distance was as low as 5.4% between two breeding lines HPSI-20 and HPSI-26. Interestingly half-sib progenies CISH-G-1 to CISH-G-6 had slightly more distance ranging from 10.8–24.0%. The clustering revealed that most of the cultivars/accessions originated from Indo-Gangetic plains are grouped together. DAMD was found to suitably cluster the cultivars from exotic origin or having exotic parentage.


Abstract : Space launch vehicles produce tremendously harsh environments for their payloads. One of the worse contributors to this harsh environment is vibration. Launch vehicle contractors require accurate dynamic models in order to perform coupled loads analyses with each payload to mitigate risks. Accurate predictions of the dynamic response of the payload are not achieved easily. The Finite Element (FE) method has proven to be the best approach in creating accurate dynamic models of complex structures. To improve the agreement between an FE model and the structure it represents, a common practice is to 'tune' or adjust parameters of the FE model to match experimentally measured data. IN order to collect spatially dense and accurate dynamic responses from a satellite, a Polytec laser vibrometer is used which measures the Doppler shift to determine the frequency response from an excitation. To illustrate the benefits of employing this approach, a process is developed to measure dense modal data and tune an FE model of the US Air Force Academy's FalconSAT-5 Structural Engineering Model. The first step in the process developed in this research involved measuring and tuning models of the satellite structure panels individually. In tuning the structural panels, material stiffness is the major design variable. The constant of the connections between the panels. The first eight modes of each side panel, six modes of the top panel, and five modes of the base panel were tuned with eigenvalues matching measured natural frequencies within 2%. Next, the first five modes ranging through 154 Hz were tuned on the full satellite FE model. Predicted natural frequencies were within 3% of measured values for most cases and modes. Modal assurance criterion values comparing tuned FE model eigenvectors and measured mode shapes decreased with increasing numbers of modes tuned, but remained


Correspondence refers to the certainty with which an observer makes a trait inference about an actor (e.g., the actor is likable) based on the actor's behavior (e.g., the actor helped the observer). In the present experiment, the effects of choice and hedonic relevance of the victim's behavior on ratings of certainty of liking and motive for a victim whose suffering benefits an observer was investigated among 32 female college students. The certainty of liking for the beneficent victim whose suffering came as random shocks while learning a list of paired-associates was reduced by the combination of choice and positive hedonic relevance and was accompanied by increased uncertainty about the victim's motive for choosing to suffer. It was concluded that multiple inferences about an actor may be related and choice does not necessarily guarantee the certainty of any inference.


Subject area

Retailing, services marketing, marketing strategy.

Study level/applicability

Undergraduate Business and Management, MBA, MA Marketing/International Business.

Case overview

Giordano is one of Asia's most successful retailers, with operations in East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. With a strong emphasis on customer service and value-for-money, Giordano was able to differentiate itself from its competitors. The question is: how can Giordano maintain its competitive advantage in the future? Amid increasingly stronger competitors and changing industry conditions, Giordano had to critically evaluate its sources of competitive advantage and key success factors, and perhaps consider repositioning itself in current and new markets.

Expected learning outcomes

This case is suited for a retailing or services marketing/management course. It demonstrates the power of a tight integration of marketing, operations, and human resource management to deliver value-for-money. Specifically, it can be used for the following teaching objectives: from a marketing perspective, this case can be used to demonstrate the successful integration of a strategy based on service orientation, value-for-money positioning, and aggressive advertising and promotions; and from a management perspective, the case can be used to highlight how the marketing strategy is being delivered through a clear focus on service staff (selection, training, and motivation) and operations (logistics, IT, and communications), combined with an organizational culture that encourages staff to try new things (and accept errors as a consequence).

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes.


In this paper, we mainly study the pose estimation based on feature matching and manipulator grasping control. Obtaining the pose information of the object is an important part of autonomous grasp of the manipulator. In order to obtain the precise pose information of the object, an improved algorithm is proposed based on the GMS (Grid-Based Motion Statistics) algorithm. Firstly, we use the RANSAC algorithm to remove the point pairs whose the distance error is more than 1.5 pixels after transformation. Secondly, the Euclidean distance of the coefficients is calculated between original image and object image. Some point pairs with a larger distance are removed because of the affine invariant principle. The correct correspondences are transformed from 2D pixel coordinate frame to 3D camera coordinate frame with depth image. The least square method combined with SVD algorithm is used to solve the rotation and translation matrices of the object relative to the camera coordinate frame. These matrices are used to estimate the pose of the object. The high accuracy of feature matching in the improved GMS algorithm is verified. The estimated error of the position $(x, y, z)^{T}$ is within ±2.4mm, and the orientation $(\text{Roll}, \text{Pitch}, \text{Yaw})^{T}$ is within ±1°. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is verified through the grasping experiments with the manipulator.


This paper puts forward an argument that cultural factors interact with the institutional structures of organizations; and thus influence their CSR reporting system. Observations on 403 annual reports, corporate websites and CSR stand-alone reports of 203 companies in China, Malaysia, India and the UK support the argument. The results show that in China, both the quality and quantity of CSR disclosure increase significantly with the existence of CSR board committees, where the culture is one of collectivism, rather than of individualism. The paper also demonstrated that government-owned companies in Malaysia provide CSR disclosure of a quality higher than non-government owned companies. A similar relationship does not apply to companies in other countries. The results testify to institutional theory — that CSR reporting is influenced by the organizational settings of a country and the culture of a country. For policy makers, it is suggested that CSR reporting policy should be drafted in a way that suits the local culture.


Optimizing and improving energy performance of buildings while maintaining occupants' comfort are primary goals for building managers. In order to analyze a building's energy performance and make informed retrofit, maintenance, or operational decisions, decision-makers need access to credible real-time data illustrating how building systems are being used by its occupants at a floor and room level granularity. Traditionally, such data has been collected in buildings using wired or wireless systems by installing a dense array of sensors in every building location that needs monitoring. This is an effort and cost-prohibitive approach, especially in existing older buildings where instrumentation and integration with existing building systems is challenging. This paper introduces a novel concept of using autonomous mobile indoor robots for monitoring various occupant comfort and energy parameters inside an existing building, and discusses how the collected data can be utilized in various analyses. The research evaluates the hypothesis that a single multi-sensor fused robotic data mule that collects building energy systems performance and occupancy comfort data at sparse locations inside a building can provide decision-makers with a rich data set that is comparable in fidelity to data obtained from pre-installed and fixed sensor systems. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an experiment was conducted using a tele-operated robot outfitted with thermal comfort data collection sensors and a localization camera in a multi-occupancy space within a large university building. The data collected by the mobile robot was statistically compared with data obtained from the building's pre-installed Building Automation System. Experimental results demonstrated the proposed method's promise and applicability in collecting dense actionable data in large spaces using only a sparse set of sensors mounted on mobile indoor robots.


Learning with noisy labels is an important topic for scalable training in many real-world scenarios. However, few previous research considers this problem in the online setting, where the arrival of data is streaming. In this paper, we propose a novel gradient-based approach to enable the detection of noisy labels for the online learning of model parameters, named Online Gradient-based Robust Selection (OGRS). In contrast to the previous sample selection approach for the offline training that requires the estimation of a clean ratio of the dataset before each epoch of training, OGRS can automatically select clean samples by steps of gradient update from datasets with varying clean ratios without changing the parameter setting. During the training process, the OGRS method selects clean samples at each iteration and feeds the selected sample to incrementally update the model parameters. We provide a detailed theoretical analysis to demonstrate data selection process is converging to the low-loss region of the sample space, by introducing and proving the sub-linear local Lagrangian regret of the non-convex constrained optimization problem. Experimental results show that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods in different settings.


The usage of peer-to-peer (p2p) networks for music information retrieval (MIR) tasks is gaining momentum. P2P file sharing networks can be used for collecting both search queries and files from shared folders. The first can be utilized to reveal current taste, users interest, and trends, while the latter can be used for enhancing recommender systems. Both provide opportunities for longitudinal analysis, as queries change over time and content often accumulates. Moreover, spatial analysis can expose cultural differences and the way trends propagate. However, tapping into this fountain of information is far from trivial. This paper presents a novel analysis of the shared folders data-set collected from the Gnutella network. We first present the framework for crawling the network and collecting the data. We then present some data-set characteristics, while focusing on music similarities. The paper sheds light on both the opportunities of using p2p data and its complexities.


Objectives:  Non‐germinal center (non‐GC) phenotype, high level expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) and anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 have been identified as unfavorable prognostic factors for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with chemotherapy. Our aim was to re‐evaluate the prognostic impact of these biologic factors on the survival of the patients treated with immunochemotherapy.


Background: Guidelines remain unclear on which medications for gambling disorder are to be preferred in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Aims: To compare pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder with each other and placebo on efficacy and tolerability, using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We searched a broad range of databases for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medications for gambling disorder. Outcomes were gambling symptom severity and quality of life (for efficacy); as well as tolerability. Confidence in the network estimates was assessed using the CINeMA framework. Results: We included 21 RCTs in the systematic review and 15 RCTs (n = 940 participants) in the NMA. Compared with placebo, high confidence evidence indicated that nalmefene [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): -0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI: -1.33,-0.41)] reduced gambling severity, followed by naltrexone [-0.43; -0.83,-0.02)]. Nalmefene [Odds Ratio (OR): 7.55; 95%CI: 2.24-24.41] and naltrexone (7.82; 1.26-48.70) had significantly higher dropout (lower tolerability) compared with placebo. As compared with placebo, naltrexone (SMD: -0.49; 95%CI: -0.81,-0.18) and nalmefene (-0.36; -0.72,-0.01) were beneficial in terms of quality of life. Conclusions: Nalmefene and naltrexone currently have the most supportive evidence for the pharmacological treatment of gambling disorder. Further clinical trials are needed, as well as analysis of individual participant data, to strengthen and broaden the evidence base, and to help tailor treatments at the individual patient level.


In this paper, we derive the general expression of the r-th power for some n-square complex tridiagonal matrices. Additionally, we obtain the complex factorizations of Fibonacci polynomials.


The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient at 440 nm (a* ph(440)) of surface water in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico varied by a factor of 7 (0.02-0.15 m2 mg-1) with the of chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.06-12.25 mg m-3. In general, lower values of a*ph(440) ( 0.1 m2 mg-1) were otherwise observed outside the river plumes in the outer shelf and slope, where lower chlorophyll-a concentration occurred. Based on phytoplankton taxonomic groups, the average value of a*ph(440), of microphytoplankton group was significantly lower than that of nanophytoplankton and picophytoplantkon groups, suggesting that an increase in cell optical size (pigment packaging) resulted in decreasing a* ph(440) values. The relationship between a*ph(440) and chlorophyll-a concentration was also not linear, indicating pigment composition played an important role in determining a*ph(440) variability. Keywords: chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient, microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, picophytoplankton, Gulf of Mexico, pigment, packaging effect


The purpose of "Evidence in Practice" is to illustrate the literature search process to obtain evidence that can guide clinical decision making. This article is not a case report. The examination, evaluation, and intervention sections are purposely abbreviated.

A 7-year-old boy with cerebral palsy who enjoyed fishing, hiking, and playing baseball was referred to our outpatient clinic for reexamination. He reported that he was having new difficulties playing baseball in a specialized community league. These difficulties included maintaining an upright stance while batting and getting to the bases quickly enough after hitting the ball. He was born at 30 weeks gestational age, and his ability to reach developmental milestones has always been delayed. His pediatrician diagnosed him with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy at 18 months corrected age.

Since he was 18 months old, he was a regular patient of another physical therapist at our outpatient clinic, visiting once a week. The boy originally worked on developmental sequencing, transitions, and gait, and he consistently met his goals, including his goal of ambulating in the home and community. Physical therapy visits were cut back to once every other week to continue working on increasing range of motion (ROM), muscle strengthening, and gait, and to remedy new problems as they arose. Therapy eventually was put on hold because he became more involved in community programs and he consistently missed appointments. He recently began attending physical therapy again because of his difficulties playing baseball.

Our patient ambulated all distances wearing bilateral solid ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) and using Loftstrand crutches. Active and passive ROM was normal for all 4 extremities, with the exception of decreased hip extension (0°–10°), knee extension (−15°), and ankle dorsiflexion (0°–10°) bilaterally, with active ROM more limited than passive ROM.1 Manual muscle tests of the bilateral lower extremities revealed weakness …


Riboflavin caused induction of systemic resistance in chickpea against Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. The dose effect of 0.01 to 20 mM riboflavin showed that 1.0 mM concentration was sufficient for maximum induction of resistance; higher concentration did not increase the effect. At this concentration, riboflavin neither caused cell death of the host plant nor directly affected the pathogen`s growth. In time course observation, it was observed that riboflavin treated chickpea plants were inducing resistance 2 days after treatment and reached its maximum level from 5 to 7 days and then decreased. Riboflavin had no effect on salicylic acid (SA) levels in chickpea, however, riboflavin induced plants found accumulation of phenols and a greater activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis related (PR) protein, peroxidase was observed in induced plant than the control. Riboflavin pre-treated plants challenged with the pathogens exhibited maximum activity of the peroxidases 4 days after treatment. Molecular weight of the purified peroxidase was 42 kDa. From these studies we demonstrated that riboflavin induced resistance is PRprotein mediated but is independent of salicylic acid.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of impurity Yb 3§ ions (about 0.1 at.%) in mixed crystals BaF:(I - x) plus LaF3(x) have been investigated for different values of the concentra- tion x at a frequency of about 9.5 GHz by both continuous-wave (CW) EPR and electron spin echo methods. A spectrum of trigonal symmetry with a complex hyperfine structure is observed in "pure" BaFz:Yb 3§ (x = 0). Upon admixture of small amounts of LaF3 (x = 0.001), additional EPR lines arise with intensities increasing with the increase of x up to 0.005. These lines are attributed to trigonal centers including two rare-earth ions and two compensating fluorine ions. A further increase of x results in a decrease of the total EPR spectrum intensity, andat x > 0.05 the CW resonance becomes practically unobservable. This may be due to the formation of rare-earth ion clusters with paramag- netic Yb 3. ions occurring in domains with a disordered structure of surroundings resulting in very broad EPR lines, which cannot be registered by CW EPR. Indeed, very broad (not less than 1 kG) EPR lines were observed by the electron spin echo method for concentrations x > 0.02.


A review of 208 cases involving injuries sustained by vehicle occupants was extracted from the computer storage at the Highway Safety Research Institute. In addition, 157 new car crashes investigated by the authors were separately analysed. Data analysis indicates injuries are sustained by direct occupant-to-occupant contact and by one occupant forcing another into or against one or more interior car structures. All body areas can be involved in this previously unreported injury mechanism, with the upper portion of the body being more susceptible to injury. Case histories from field accident investigations dramatically document a variety of these injury mechanisms.


Test-data from electrochemical monitoring methods were obtained from Rhizophora mangle L. leaf-extract admixed steel-reinforced concretes for detailing mechanism of the extract on steel-rebar corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 (simulating industrial/microbial environment). These electrochemical test-measurements, including corrosion potential, corrosion current and corrosion rate, were subjected to the analyses of probability distributions as per ASTM G16-95 R05 through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test-statistics. Results showed that corrosion rate exhibited correlations with function of the natural plant-extract concentration and compact series of the inverse electrochemical noise resistance; the ratio of standard deviations of corrosion potential and corrosion current. Both the experimental and the correlated-prediction model identified Rhizophora mangle L. leaf-extract admixture concentrations that exhibited inhibition efficiency performance of η>70% on steel-rebar corrosion in the acidic test-medium. The adsorption isotherm modelling of the experimental and the predicted
electrochemical test-results exhibited good agreements by following the Langmuir and Flory-Huggins isotherm fittings. In addition, the study identified physisorption
as the prevalent corrosion-protection mechanism of the steel-rebar by the plant extract through both of the experimental and the correlated-prediction models of
adsorption isotherm analyses.


Education plays an important role in providing a better life for students, and learning starts at home, specifically since they are born. This study investigated the effect of home environment and self-management on students' academic performance at a private institution in Kuala Lumpur using descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis. The focus of the study s to find out the relationship between economic status, family involvement, home infrastructure, parenting style, self-management, and academic performance. This study involved 145 students, and data were collected using a questionnaire containing 4 parts: demographic, home environment, self-management, and academic performance. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The data revealed a positive correlation between home environment, self-management, and academic performance. The results also showed that educational institutions must focus on students' self-management to improve their academic performance. Furthermore, there is a need to look at students' home environment, such as parenting style, family involvement, and home infrastructure, to encourage parental support toward improving students' academic performance.


During pulverized coal combustion, a fume of submicron particles is formed from the mineral matter in the parent coal. Studies of the variation in chemical composition with particle size have revealed that much of the submicron fume is formed from volatilized coal ash. The formation and evolution of the ash fume is governed by homogeneous nucleation, condensation, and coagulation. Vapors of refractory species nucleate relatively early in the combustion process. Coagulation of those fine particles results in a size distribution that is approximately log normal. More volatile species remain in the gas phase until after the nucleation has taken place. Condensation on the surfaces of both the fume and the larger residual ash particles results in the enrichment of the fine particles with volatile, and frequently toxic trace species. The resultant concentration of heavy metals in the size interval between 0.1 and 1 {mu}m may allow disproportionate amounts of these species to escape collection, even by the best of gas cleaning systems. This project comprises theoretical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of aggregate aerosols produced as pyrogenous fumes. For the proposes of modeling the dynamics of these complex structures, the particles have been characterized and modeled as having fractal structure. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a model describing the formation and evolution of fine particles from minerals volatilized during coal combustion, with special emphasis on particle structure and its influence on the dynamics of the combustion aerosol. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the individual processes involved in the aerosol evolution, i.e., sintering and aggregation are studied independently using model systems. Theoretical investigations have paralleled the experimental studies to help to interpret the experimental results and as a step toward the develop of quantitative predictive models.


Objective To investigate the eperession of bcl 2 ,bax and Ki 67 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinical implication.Methods bcl 2,bax and Ki 67 expressuons were detected in 70 cases of human gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemical techniques.Results bcl 2 was expressed in 21 43% of gastric carcinoma.Compared with non cancerous gastric mucosa,the bax expression was significantly decreased in gastric carcinoma.A trend of increasing Ki 67 index with depth of invasion was noted.The Ki 67 index in GC with lymph nodes metastasis(INM)was significantly higher than that without LNM.Conclusion The unssual expression of bcl 2 may play certain roleted to its poor response to its poor response to chemotherapeutic treatment.Ki 67 expression may be a good marker relating to tumor progression and prognosis.$$$$


The Jacobsen rearrangement of tribromobenzenes was investigated at 110–180 °C in concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction proceeds exclusively via the intramolecular 1,2-migration of the bromine atom, which is accelerated by the steric repulsion of the neighboring group. Sulfonation of both the reactant and the products occurs simultaneously with the rearrangement. The migration of bromine atoms in the sulfonic acids proceeds far more slowly, the rearranged products not being formed to any considerable extent by sulfonic acids.


Preliminary note All high-efficiency engines are inclined to destruction tendencies resulting from detonation combustion. Most often the producers of engines solve this problem with limitation of maximum output performance but, in this, there is an efficiency decrease of fuel utilization. However, detonation combustion can also be useful because if it is kept to a certain level, then detonation combustion helps considerably in an additional increase of output performance. This article defines the termination expressed in a number of detonation units per overridden distance of track carried out by a single-track vehicle. Just for this limit, there is a detonation combustion beneficial to increase an output performance and not cause destruction in the engineering parts of an engine. The limit gives an idea about the influence of individual factors on detonation combustion as well as the influence on this combustion in obtaining maximum values and behaviours of engine output performance and torque with dependence on engine speed.


The meeting of traditional African religion and Catholicism in the Americas has produced some of the most significant and most analyzed examples of syncretism in the history of religions. Much scholarly discussion of this phenomenon, however, tends to portray religions such as Candomblé in Brazil and Voodou in Haiti as formalistic conglomerations of Euro-Catholic ''items'' and African ''survivals'', thereby blurring the integrative theological creativity of Africans and their New World progeny. Employing Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of ''habitus'' and ''capital'' to theorize specific historical and contemporary examples of Kongolese influences on Haitian religion, the author aims to help clarify the epistemological role of African agency in Afro-Catholic syncretism.


Many isolated dinosaur bones and teeth have been recovered from Cretaceous rocks in India, but associated remains are exceedingly rare. We report on the discovery of associated cranial and postcranial remains of a new abelisaurid theropod from latest Cretaceous rocks in western India. The new taxon is characterized by exceptionally elongated supratemporal fenestrae and a unique median nasofrontal protuberance. Postcranial elements include vertebrae and portions of the pelvic girdle and hind limbs. The ilium, in particular, is robustly constructed. Much of the large-bodied theropod material collected from latest Cretaceous rocks in central and western India may pertain to this abelisaurid. The new Indian species is more closely allied to Majungatholus from Madagascar and Carnotaurus from South America than to related forms on Africa. Paleobiogeographic interpretation of this phylogenetic pattern, however, must be tempered by the lack of terrestrial faunas of similar age on several of these landmasses: pre-Maastrichtian Cretaceous vertebrates are virtually unknown on Madagascar and India, and post-Cenomanian vertebrates are very poorly sampled on Africa.


Claude Debussy's "Pagodas" is full of East verve.It is really a number one piano work in the midterm of Debussy's creations.By analyzing its structure: the characterful cantus,the distortion development of the topic,the sustained note and figure,pentameter and harmonic,we can see the far-reaching effect of Debussy's music creation on modern music.


In this Letter, flexible capacitive pressure sensors are developed. Compared to the current mainstream design, the structure is easier to get a large deformation in the dielectric layer and its deformation is more controllable. Since the structure is symmetrical, it deforms uniformly and its Poisson's ratio is near zero when pressure is applied. Besides that, by moderating the structure dimension, sensors with different sensitivity and detection pressure range can be achieved. The fabrication process of these flexible sensors is mainly based on the 3D printing technology, with which the moulds of the sensor are made. The mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and hardening solution is dripped into the printed mould to form the dielectric layer. When it is completely solidified, the dielectric layer is demoulded from the mould. Four moulds with different inner sizes are printed and then four sensors are fabricated and tested. The measurement results show that the capacitance of the sensors increases when the applied pressure increases. The sensor with thinner supporting structure in the dielectric layer has higher sensitivity. The sensor with a thicker supporting structure in the dielectric layer has a larger pressure detection range. All the sensors have low hysteresis error and excellent repeatable performance.


In this assessment, an effort has been made to study the outcome of magnetic arc oscillation amplitude on tensile and microstructural characteristics of gas tungsten arc welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints. Arc oscillation amplitudes measuring 0.2mm-1.0mm are used to fabricate the five points. The study results proved that are oscillation amplitudes with a range of 0.6mm comparatively hold higher level of tensile properties while fabricating joints. The grains which are finer in nature and the precipitates having uniform distribution are responsible for the tensile properties being superior in the formation of the joints.


Improving and upgrading the existing sewerage system was the main agenda in water pollution control in Malaysia at the moment. The present infrastructures include small and decentralised plants were inadequate in terms of performance efficiency, as well as service coverage. Improving and upgrading the existing sewerage system in the Malaysian context, among others, include a possibility of centralization of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The objective of this study was to analyse the performance of a waste stabilization pond (WSP) system and the possibility to upgrade the WSP for future centralized wastewater treatment plants. By wastewater characterization and evaluation, primarily using respirometry, it is found that the performance of the WSP in this study was not even met with the Malaysian effluent Standard B.


The cheongsam, the typical national apparel of the internal and external harmonious unity, is known as the representative of the Chinese clothing culture. It has expressed the virtuous, elegant, and gentle temperament of the Chinese women through flowing melody, rakish picturesque conception, and strong poetic emotion. The paper studies several aspects of the origin, evolution, techniques and communication to let China and the world know better about cheongsam, the national apparel of China.


Chancellor Betham ant. Erzberger in 1914, the latter quoted the Chancellor as follows : &dquo;How do you [Erzberger] manage to have so many bright ideas all the time. I never have any!&dquo; But aside from this insight into all the conflicting currents of German life, the book is also a vivid account of the rough and tumble of professional politics and particularly the personal power-politics waged in the Germany of that period. Against bitter internal opposition, Erzberger became a leader of the left-wing of the Zentrum (Catholic) party. He was an agitator, an organizer, and a pamphleteer and often his methods were Machiavellian.


Chapters 7 and 8, is important to the development of her argument that gods are power-filled beings. Wadley's purpose is to discover the villagers' conceptual categories. Yet the classes of power-filled beings she posits have no labels in the language, and do not seem to coincide in any clearly patterned way with the categories of deities that are recognized lexically and characterized in the texts presented. Wadley offers no evidence that the classes are conceptually salient for the people of Karimpur; it is difficult to judge if these classes are relevant for the villagers, or simply an artifact of the analysis. Wadley rightly points out at the beginning of her monograph that studies of "little tradition" religious concepts are few; Shakti contains an abundance of "little tradition" texts. Wadley's analysis of god-man transactions, the types of deliverance requested, and the variety of aid given are insightful and are supported by rich textual evidence. Her analysis is best where it remains close to the data. Her discussion, in the last chapter, of the principle of power and its significance for the understanding of Hindu social life is timely and stimulating. Wadley has made a substantial contribution to a neglected area in the study of Hinduism.


Extreme waves are obtained from the motion of a snake wavemaker in a numerical wave tank. Spatial focusing is one of the mechanisms which may take part in the generation of a rogue wave. In particular, directional focusing is only a three-dimensional phenomenon, that we want to isolate in this study. The numerical model solves incompressible free-surface Euler equations for potential flow, with a Boundary Element Method and a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian time updating. Its more recent improvement has consisted in the insertion of the Fast Multipole Algorithm in order to reduce the computational complexity of the spatial solver. A typical case of a near breaking rogue wave is presented. A description of the particular geometry of such a wave is discussed, as well as the kinematics at the surface.


The human body in its wonderful structure and marvelous mechanism is expressive of the highest that in art is conceivable. Its study, as an entity, as a living creation, invites the profoundest inquiry; it embraces the whole realm of human wisdom. To mold the living nature, as it were, is the matchless and priceless privilege of the teacher. Three great art fields are distinguishable: that of the plastic art of the human body, as implied in all its developmental possibilities-in its activities; that of the cultural arts; and that of the representative arts. This view, I believe, includes all the virility and elemental qualities fundamental to the modern superstructure of high culture.


Author(s): Disney, Frances Doris | Advisor(s): Chapman, Thandeka | Abstract: Restorative justice (RJ) and restorative practices (RP) are an emerging field of study in the United States. With origins derived from indigenous practices, RJ was adopted by the juvenile justice system during the 1970's, and is within the last decade being applied to school settings. In examining disciplinary data and specific studies that examined high rates of suspensions and expulsions across the country, increasing attention is being placed on restorative methods of community building and discipline interventions to decrease punitive, exclusionary approaches. Although Circle practices (a specific method of RP) continue to become more widely researched and used in enhancing academics and/or addressing issues of conflict and harm, current literature indicates limited research around RJ and RP programs and the experiences of the participants. Through observations and interviews, this qualitative study examined the responses and perceptions participants experienced when participating in a community building Circle program. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how Circles were used in a high school setting to build rapport and healthy relationships among students and staff. Findings suggest positive outcomes students experienced through the use of Circles and show the importance of building positive classroom communities among students and staff. Keywords: Restorative justice, restorative practices, Circles, community building


This substantially revised new edition of Rousseau: The Basic Political Writings features a brilliant new Introduction by David Wootton, a revision by Donald A. Cress of his own 1987 translation of Rousseau's most important political writings, and the addition of Cress' new translation of Rousseau's State of ?War . New footnotes, headnotes, and a chronology by David Wootton provide expert guidance to first-time readers of the texts.


I have been following the progress ofJPMI for quite some time and am very glad withits growth. It is definitely an inspiring journalwhich supports research, especially in Pakistan.


This paper aimed to evaluate the Portuguese scientific production within Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management (TLHM). To this end, 572 papers from 51 peer-reviewed Scopus journals were mapped through a mixed bibliometric analysis method. The results indicated that Portugal has a significant TLHM research production, with an outstanding performance in terms of topic prominence percentile. Additionally, Portuguese TLHM research collaboration has increased significantly in recent years. It should be pointed out, however, that this production is significantly skewed towards tourism-specific studies rather than hospitality. This study presents a new bibliometric contribution by bringing the SciVal topic prominence and prominence percentile to the TLHM field and presenting a new country research performance model, indicating a new way to evaluate a country's research performance. Additionally, this investigation featuring the overall structure of Portuguese TLHM research provides clear outlines to concerned bodies regarding researcher and institution performance and gives helpful and timely information to researchers, scholars, government managers, industry managers, and tourism and hospitality consultants.


The Kahan method for ordinary differential equations has recently received a renewed attention due to its integrability properties when applied to some classes of integrable quadratic differential equations (see for instance [1,2] and references therein). In this talk, we consider a family of (super) integrable quadratic ODEs generated by monomial vector fields, that we call Elementary Monomial Vector Fields (EMVFs). The EMVFs possess integrals which are not necessarily quadratic and the vector fields themselves need not be Hamiltonian with respect to the standard symplectic structure. We show that, for certain choices of integer coefficients, the Kahan method is integrable when applied to these EMVFs and we give the form of the modified integrals.


This paper aims to propose a tentative typology of urban play in the wider frame of gamification. Based on the semiotic features of urban spaces and of human activities within them. The paper starts by outlining the existing perspectives on urban gamification and by describing the semiotic feature of urban spaces. Based on these, the author constructs a brief typology of urban gamification in regard of the kind of action undertaken and how it involves the city. Finally, a few examples are analyzed by the mean of this typology, underlining how playful activities of urban gamification can influence the citizens' perception an d interpretation of the urban environment.


In the present work we have designed a novel gold nanoparticle (GNP) based nanodrug delivery system, which has been loaded with a naturally occurring anticancer molecule, curcumin. GNPs were selected as drug carrier due to their unique properties including high surface area, small size, inertness, low toxicity and high stability. The drug delivery system was synthesized by a green, one pot method which involved simple mixing of reactants, with no heating or toxic chemicals. Additionally, GNPs also display intrinsic anti-cancer attributes on their own, which is expected to further amplify the anticancer effect of the system. Curcumin release was activated by a handheld low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) device. It is hypothesized that the moderate rise in tissue temperature (up to 43°C) together with mechanical effects of LIPUS beam induces effective release of curcumin from the surface of GNP. The developed nanodrug delivery system was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging.


Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in female sex and the main cause of death in women. The case of a 65-year-old woman is reported. She had a history of seemingly previous good health and showed an increase in the volume of the right breast. A lumpectomy was performed; the Department of Anatomical Pathology reported: right breast diffuse large cell nodule showing non-Hodgkin lymphoma and high grade of malignancy. An immunohistochemical study was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Currently the patient does not have any tumoral recurrence and shows a good clinical evolution.


pedic text is written by a single author, and benefits from all which that entails. As a clinician and basic science researcher, I find myself in the middle of the target audience for this text. It is invaluable for (1) clinicians active in peripheral nerve reconstruction and (2) researchers studying peripheral nerve regeneration. Clinicians can benefit from this book by reviewing the fundamentals of structure and function, and by increasing their understanding of the scientific underpinnings of their current practice and persistent limitations in need of a solution. They will not increase their knowledge of surgical techniques by much. Researchers benefit by refreshing their knowledge of the system as it pertains to patient disability and surgical repair, and by using the basic science chapters to review the fundamentals of experimental assessment and the state of current knowledge in this narrow but diverse field. I have learned a lot from reading this text and I continue to reference it frequently, as it contains all of the relevant literature references sorted by topic. In this text, Dr. Brushart has brought us fully up to date on the state of the art in nerve regeneration. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318269c477


This article deals with the determination of the effective (apparent) diffusivity from the topological characteristics of microscopically inhomogeneous materials. The porous medium is modeled as a three‐dimensional network of interconnected pores by means of the Voronoi–Delaunay tesselation. The calculation procedure is based on an improved version of the effective medium theory and the smooth field approximation. We investigate the case where the pores in the effective network are transformed to pores of a uniform cross‐sectional area, and the case where the pore conductances are all replaced by an effective one. The results are compared with the numerical network solution. It is shown that the effective cross‐section area approach reproduces the ''exact'' calculated transport coefficient with an error of less than 9%, whereas the effective uniform conductance approach fails considerably, displaying an error of 62%.


Peduncle axillary buds of the Little Cherry,Oncidium,were induced as explants.The orthogonal design was used to evaluate the effects of the culture medium containing inorganic substances,6-BA,NAA and LH on the propagation of Oncidiumbuds.The result showed that 6-BA,the base medium,NAA and LH affected significantly on the bud multiplication.The optimal medium was the Improved Formulation No.1,which consisted of the base medium,6-BA 3.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.1mg·L-1 and LH0.5g·L-1,and the average propagation coefficient was 6.53 in 45days.The breeding efficiency was effectively improved.The result appeared to provide a basis for the commercialization of the seedling propagation.


In laser processing, in order to solve the low efficient problems about in line programming of six axis robot, the method of off line programming has been put forward, and a detailed approach is presented. Off line programming can greatly enhance efficiency and facilitate the users.


Properties of MnTe, CdMnTe systems and especially (Cd)MnTe/CdTe quantum wells have been investigated by using various experimental techniques. Theoretical investigations concerning the band structure calculations were performed mainly for hypothetical MnTe crystals with zinc blende structure as well as for mixed CdMnTe bulk systems (e.g. [1, 2]). Problems of electronic structure and magnetic properties of ultrathin films are undertaken in the paper. Films consisting of 10 MnTe layers with free surfaces of (110) and (100) types are comsidered: Calculations are performed within the framework of the tight-binding approach. Atomic orbitals of d and s symmetry are taken as basis functions for Mn ions, whereas p states are chosen for Te ions. p-d hybridization which plays the crucial role in MnTe systems [2] is strictly taken into account. The Slater-Koster parameterization is used. H oppings between the nearest and the next-nearest neighbours are taken into account. Values of parameters are adjusted in such a way that the main features of the electronic structure characteristic of bulk materials are reproduced in our calculations for bulk MnTe. The splitting of d-bands is assumed to be 7 eV in consistency with experimental data [3]. Calculations are performed for MnTe films with hypothetical ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AFB) order. In the last case the moments are ordered ferromagnetically in planes, but couplings between neighbouring layers are antiferromagnetic. Electronic band structure, local density of states and local magnetic moments are calculated for systems under investigations. Partial densities of states for cations and anions are also found. The obtained results are depicted in Fig. 1. The density of states for the central plane resembles well the one characteristic of


The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, onboard the Perseverance rover, is a meteorological station that is operating on Mars and includes, among other sensors, the radiometer Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS). From RDS irradiance observations, a total of 374 dust devils (DDs) were detected for the first 365 sols of the mission (Ls = 6°–182°), which along with wind and pressure measurements, we estimated a DD frequency of formation at Jezero between 1.3 and 3.4 DD km−2 sol−1 (increasing as we move from spring into summer). This frequency is found to be smaller than that estimated at the Spirit or Pathfinder landing sites but much greater than that derived at InSight landing site. The maximum in DD frequency occurs between 12:00 and 13:00 local true solar time, which is when the convective heat flux and lower planetary boundary layer IR heating are both predicted to peak in Jezero crater. DD diameter, minimum height, and trajectory were studied showing (a) an average diameter of 29 m (or a median of 25 m) and a maximum and minimum diameter of 132 ± 63.4 and 5.6 ± 5.5 m; (b) an average minimum DD height of 231 m and a maximum minimum‐height of 872 m; and (c) the DD migration direction is in agreement with wind measurements. For all the cases, DDs decreased the UV irradiance, while at visible or near‐IR wavelengths both increases and decreases were observed. Contrary to the frequency of formation, these results indicate similar DD characteristics in average for the studied period.


This paper proposes methods to generate various types of Linear Voltage Transfer Curves (VTC) using Operational Trans-Resistance Amplifier (OTRA) as the active block. It further goes on to propose methods to multiplex various individual Linear VTCs to obtain any form of Piece-Wise Linear Voltage Transfer Curves (PWL), which find many applications in the world of circuitry. One particular application has been highlighted, i.e. generation of High-Frequency Sinusoids. Simulations of the Circuits proposed via Cadence Virtuoso, using TowerJazz's 180 nm Technology Node have been reported, which satisfy the aim behind its development.


The elaboration of a "Strategic Plan for the company Mi Buen Pollo del Canton Pinas, Provincia del Oro" was developed with the purpose of making an accurate review of the processes carried out by the company and reducing internal weaknesses, controlling the threats Which may affect the development of business activities.
Among the methods and techniques used are: Scientist who served to consult the topics related to the research as they are, concepts, ideas of the strategic plan and other knowledge that serve to sustain the theoretical framework; Deductive was used this method to carry out a situational diagnosis of the company Mi Buen Pollo and give solutions to conflictive situations, undergoing a self-analysis that should lead to a concrete action plan that allows the identification of the rules, laws and regulations to do Applied; Inductive this method allows to know the results of the surveys applied to the clients, employees and interview to the Manager, therefore we will be useful for the elaboration of the SWOT Matrix, considering the economic, political, social and cultural factors that represent the influences of the scope External of the company, that affect its internal work; Analytical allowed to elaborate the Matrix of High Impact that allows to generate the strategic objectives with the purpose of obtaining a better yield in the commercialization of the products offered by the company; Statistical was used for tabulation of the surveys and thus give a
statistical structure of graphs, where you can perceive the actual percentages of the information obtained to the population under study.
The techniques applied were: direct observation, the interview conducted with the company manager and the surveys applied to the 26 employees and the 28 clients who with their answers allowed to detect the internal and external problems that the company faces, and to extract the strengths and weaknesses. First, an external analysis was carried out in the company, which allowed me to define the opportunities and threats of the company, whereby the EFE matrix was constructed, where the weighted total is 2.61, which indicates that the company is taking advantage of the Opportunities to minimize the impact of threats. Through the EFI matrix (evaluation of internal factors), we obtained a weighted value of 2.66 which allows us to determine that the company Mi Buen Pollo maintains a strong internal position, which guarantees that it can go ahead and develop in a positive way in the middle.
With the internal and external analysis, the SWOT matrix was constructed, which allowed the delimitation of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses. The high impact matrix was built and the FO, DO, FA, DA combination was obtained As a result of the strategic objectives.
Regarding the results of the proposal of the Strategic Plan for the company "My Good Chicken", it is proposed: to carry out an Advertising Plan in local media (radio) in order to attract more customers and achieve greater market positioning, To have a highly professional and qualified staff that provides an excellent service with efficiency and effectiveness, give the company a corporate identity that satisfies the aspirations of all its stakeholders, Encourage the creation of a Human Resources department and lastly We have the implementation of a plan of promotions in the company My Good Chicken. Finally, it should be remembered that the effective formulation of the strategies does not guarantee the successful implementation of the strategies if there is no continuous monitoring and control, therefore, actions are established for evaluation. Finally, the respective conclusions and recommendations of the work that cover the most relevant aspects of the strategic planning applied to the company Mi Buen Pollo are presented.


A new third-generation thermoresponsive amphiphilic dendron consisting of a hydrophobic poly(benzyl ether) dendritic core and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) peripheries was synthesized by an efficient convergent approach. Its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, GPC, MALDI-TOF MS, and elemental analysis. Turbidity and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements demonstrated that the dendron showed a reversible temperature-dependent phase-transition behavior in aqueous solution and its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was lower than that of the corresponding second-generation dendron, indicating the dependence of LCSTs on the generation of dendrons. Fluorescent spectroscopy and TEM studies revealed that the dendron would self-assemble into nanospherical micelles with a very low critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water. The core-shell structure of the micelles was proved by 1H NMR analyses of the micelles in D2O. The drug-loading capacity of the dendron micelles is about 29 wt ...


The rules and principles of contractual interpretation are of paramount importance in private law adjudication. As long as there is agreement as to the facts, most disputes turn on the exact scope and content of the contractual rights and obligations of the parties. In order to determine these, the contract has to be interpreted. Moreover, interpretation in the contractual context is not necessarily confined to the contract proper. It may also concern unilateral acts, at least in two scenarios.


In measuring ship, the mostly equipments such as optical facility and radar are provided the norm by the intertia navigation system which has the really north. It develops a set of ship distortion system. It baseds the contact with all systems by optical equipment. It can measure the angle systems for ship distortion. The error is 5".


Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was detected in the serum of Holtzman rats which had only their hypoxic ileum and jejunum exposed to 1700 to 2000 R of x rays, among which 10 to 25% would develop visible lesions in 4 to 6 months. All irradiated animals possessed serum which induced the in vitro injury of allogeneic cultured cells of an x-ray-induced rat small bowel adenocarcinoma by effector peripheral-blood lymphoid cells isolated from normal unexposed rats. The active serum component was apparently in IgG, on the basis of its solubility in ammonium sulfate solution, reactivity with anti-rat IgG and matrix-bound Protein A, molecular weight, and inactivity of F(ab')/sub 2/ fragments. The in vivo significance of this ADCC is presently unclear since it existed in the serum of all rats exposed to the ionizing radiation regardless of whether they developed visible lesions. However, the results do suggest that if this immunological responsiveness plays a role in host tumor defense, then the deficiency in those rats developing the cancer may lie in their circulating effector cells.


A portable Mie lidar has been developed for both daytime and nighttime aerosol measurements. The overall structure and specifications of the portable Mie lidar are described. The primary observational aerosol extinction profiles at 532nm are also presented and discussed in this paper. Signals detected by portable Mie lidar can reach about 25km at nighttime and 15km at daytime. It can also be used to measure the thickness and peak extinction value of cirrus.


Based on the changes of free sulfur content during the reaction,the two major asphalt sulfurization factors were investigated.The macrokinetics parameters were calculated and the macrokinetics models were established by using mathematics statistics method.The results show that the reaction of(asphalt) sulfurization is first order,and the Shell 70# asphalt is easier to be sulfurized than the Zhenhai 90#(asphalt.)


Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao T E-mail: email@example.com; ymzsjtu@gm Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong U Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China † Electronic supplementary information 1044991. For ESI and crystallographic dat DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00253b Cite this: Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 4438


The two handbooks of the history of political parties in Germany between 1789 and 1945 that Dieter Fricke published in Jena in the 1960s through to the 1980s continue to be con- sidered the gold standard for research on this subject . Yet, though Fricke's handbooks offer a solid basis of facts, they are still characterized by socialist rhetoric and, in addition, are now outdated with respect to methodology . This essay examines the following: Which issues are pertinent today with respect to the political parties of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic? Similar to Fricke's approach, we continue to ask questions regarding the context of origin, the objectives, the organization, and the short-term political activity of political parties . Yet, above and beyond that, the cultural-historical aspects such as ques- tioning the relationship of the political party to the populace in general as well as the self- staging of the respective political parties are to be discussed . In the same way, a look will be taken at the international interconnectedness of the political parties, just as handbooks today should focus more strongly on the political parties in the member states of the Ger- man Empire . Finally, in addition, the essay discusses how a contribution to political educa- tion can likewise be achieved in connection with the handbook on the history of political parties in Germany .


With the development of economy, demand of energy has grown continuously for residents live and work in. The electric industry will obtain a bigger development space. The maintenance and management of the power system will also get the attention. Line loss and its management as an important way to maintain the normal and stable operation of power system played a huge role to push the social electric safety and the economic benefits of power supply. Line loss and its management must get the attention of power supply enterprise. This paper discusses the problems of line loss in power supply enterprise, and expounds the technical way to reduce power supply enterprise line loss and the organization measures of reducing line loss.


The reflection of practices particular to network society is seen in the field of education in a variety of ways; thus educational praxis needs further exploration on conceptual framework. Notwithstanding the lack of a framework that disclosing a fuller understanding of the concept, network in education is widely adopt ed. Against this background, this paper seeks to contribute to exploring a widely used but conceptually unexplored context of learning as network in education. For this purpose, topic modelling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, was used to reveal hidden or abstract topics in large text collections. The topics emerging as a result of data analysis on 6307 documents were thematically organised. The emergent topics could be interpreted around three axes: 1 - ) use of network as a research method such a s social network analysis, 2 - ) solidarity happens in HIV network 3 - ) relationships or roles emerging in the network such as leadership, friendship and family. Accordingly, learning occurring in networks tends to be stimulated by the values such as solidari ty or inherited properties such as social capital. To understand this, new methodologies such as social network analysis becomes important. As for historical change of use of network in education in time, in line with the increase in the number of studies using a network perspective in the field of education, the number of publications in sub - fields has also increased. The increase in studies on teacher and PhD education can be explained by the prevailing use of learning communities as a networked learning approach.


ABSTRACT Health sciences libraries (HSLs) are predisposed to systemic changes that result from the increased use of mobile information communication and technology (ICT). The impact of mobile ICTs requires libraries, especially health sciences libraries (HSLs), to remain viable by adapting to the modifications needed to support the information behaviors of their clients. The use of mobile ICTs is instrumental in how library client's access digital information. Many HSLs have yet to consistently define their purpose and mission in midst of changing library information ecology. Additionally, "library as place" requires HSLs to redefine the purpose of physical space in order to align with the information needs of their clients. Literature revealed a need for HSLs to provide ongoing professional development, which includes basic technology proficiencies as a way to effectively connect and interact with the growing number of digitally born clients. A review of selected literature was examined to gain clarity on the impact of mobile ICTs in health sciences libraries. This article will discuss the influence of mobile ICTs and its implication for future practice in health sciences libraries. Two additional areas impacted by mobile ICTs, "library as place" and the library's changing information ecology, were explored. The primary research question that guided this review was, How has mobile ICTs impacted health science libraries? The intent of this question was to study key factors found in the literature, which impacted health sciences libraries as a result of mobile ICTs use.


Contents include the following: Observations with Near Infrared Spectrometer for Hayabusa Mission in the Cruising Phase. First Results of Quadrantid Meteor Spectrum. Compositional Investigation of Binary Near-Earth Asteroid 66063 (1998 RO1): A Potentially Undifferentiated Assemblage. Impact-induced Hydrothermal Activity on Early Mars. HRTEM and EFTEM Studies of Phyllosilicate-Organic Matter Associations in Matrix and Dark Inclusions in the EET92042 CR2 Carbonaceous Chondrite. Volumetric Analysis of Martian Rampart Craters. High Pressure Melting of H-Chondrite: A Match for the Martian Basalt Source Mantle. MERView: A New Computer Program for Easy Display of MER-acquired M ssbauer Data. Distribution, Exchange, and Topographic Control of Subsurface Ice on Mars. Shock-induced Damage Beneath Normal and Oblique Impact Craters. Amphitrites Patera Studied from the Mars Express HRSC Data. Oxygen Isotope Microanalysis of Enveloping Compound Chondrules in CV3 and LL3 Chondrites. Gamma-Ray Irradiation in the Early Solar System and the Conundrum of the Lu-176 Decay Constant. Magnesium Isotope Mapping of Silica-rich Grains Having. Extreme Oxygen Isotope Anomalies Extreme Oxygen Isotopic Anomalies from Irradiation in the Early Solar System, Re-Examining the Role of Chondrules in Producing the Elemental Fractionations in Chondrites. Meteorite Data on the Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays and an Inference on the Solar Activity Influence on Climate of the Earth. Volatiles Enrichments and Composition of Jupiter. Thinking Like a Wildcatter Prospecting for Methane in Arabia Terra, Mars. Size Distribution of Genesis Solar Wind Array Collector Fragments. Initial Subdivision of Genesis Early Science Polished Aluminum Collector. Presolar Graphite and Its Noble Gases. Young Pb-Isotopic Ages of Chondrules in CB Carbonaceous Chondrites. Fe Isotopic Composition of Martian Meteorites. Petrology and Geochemistry of Nakhlite MIL 03346: A New Martian Meteorite from Antarctica.


In this article, we present novel methods of medical examinations that use state of the art utilities, namely motion capturing as a basis to replace traditional methods. The 3D representation of the patient's activity, analyzed through motion capture process, provides the clinician a more objective view of the patient's movements and problem areas. It provides the clinician or therapist a new method to manage the entire spectrum of the rehabilitation process from diagnosis through discharge. 3D analysis of the patient's motions provides the therapist detailed and quantified data relative to the patient's injury or disability. The infinite 3D views allow visualization of motion from every angle that 2D video reproduction simply cannot provide. The proposed system can measure the rehabilitation movements that are required to obtain the desired "clinical outcome", and track the progress towards these individualized goals. Based on preliminary experiments the design metrics of measuring configuration for these motion patterns has been prepared. The implementation phase of a new diagnostic tool is just going on. In close cooperation with medical specialists we determined the exercises and motion patterns applicable during examination and rehabilitation of locomotion diseases. We made comparative tests regarding the lumbar region


We study the amplification of 40 Gb/s RZ signals (having 7 ps-long pulses) in a high gain (30 dB) semiconductor optical amplifier. We report an experimental comparison between straightforward amplification and amplification assisted by the use of both continuous wave (CW) and modulated holding beams.


Abstract In this study, magnetic iron-coated mint leaves based carbon adsorbent (MMC) was synthesized by the green synthesis method and the characterization of MMC was determined by SEM-EDX, FTIR and Raman analyses. In the study, to determine the adsorption capacities of MMC adsorbent for acid blue 193 and basic violet 7 dyes, studies were carried out at different pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and adsorption times, and the conditions for the best dye removal were determined. The highest acid blue 193 dye removal was achieved to 79.8% at pH 2 and 10 g/L MMC and the highest basic violet 7 dye removal was obtained as 98.6% at 5 g/L MMC and pH 11 using MMC adsorbent. The adsorption of dyes with MMC was by the pseudo second order kinetics and was more suitable for the Langmuir isotherm. In the adsorption of acid blue 193 and basic violet 7, the qmax values with Langmuir isotherm were calculated as 15.55 and 27.55 mg/g, respectively. As a result, it has been thought that this MMC adsorbent, which is synthesized as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent, can be efficient in the acid and basic dyes removal from wastewater.


Kienzle and Walker end up distorting the past by imposing their own modern language on early Christian women. Instead of valuing women's own perceptions of their religious activism, they insist on describing them as "preachers" even when women themselves hesitated (or refused) to use this term. Historically, countless numbers of Christian women, even the most outspoken, have found it difficult to imagine themselves as preachers in the same sense as men. To be fair, Kienzle and Walker know this (xiv), but nevertheless, they seem to care more about recapturing "the indomitable spirit of women's voices" (xiv) than exploring the ambiguities and complexities of women's claims to religious leadership. What is at stake, unfortunately, is more than semantics. By minimizing or overlooking women's fears of claiming the authoritative title of "preacher," Kienzle and Walker run the risk of erasing their oppression. Even though this is certainly not what they intended (a point that is made quite clear in their individual essays, which are superb), their decision to blur the boundaries between teaching, singing, and preaching has the effect of making early Christian women seem more powerful than they were ever allowed to be. Perhaps Kienzle and Walker should have followed the example of some of the other authors in the book, who are more precise in their terminology. For example, in her fascinating essay on Rose of Viterbo, Darleen Pryds carefully defines the meaning of preaching in thirteenthand fourteenth-century Europe (161). If the editors had used the preface to trace the changing definitions of female preaching and testimony over time, this book would have been even more valuable.


Abstract-The use of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics as restorative implants is widely known. These materials can be manufactured by pressing and sintering route to a particular shape. However machining processes are still a basic requirement to give a near net shape to those implants for ensuring dimensional and geometrical accuracy. In this context, optimising the machining parameters is an important factor to understand the machinability of the materials and to reduce the production cost. In the present study a method has been optimized to produce true particulate drilled composite of HAp Yttrium Phosphate (YP). The phosphates are used in varying ratio for a comparative study on the effect of flexural strength, hardness, machining (drilling) parameters and bioactivity. The maximum flexural strength and hardness of the composite that could be attained are 46.07 MPa and 1.02 GPa respectively. Drilling is done with a conventional radial drilling machine aided with dynamometer with high speed steel (HSS) and solid carbide (SC) drills. The effect of variation in drilling parameters (cutting speed and feed), cutting tool, batch composition on torque, thrust force and tool wear are studied. It is observed that the thrust force and torque varies greatly with the increase in the speed, feed and YP content in the composite. Significant differences in the thrust and torque are noticed due to the change of the drills as well. Bioactivity study is done in simulated body fluid (SBF) upto 28 days. The growth of the bone like apatite has become denser with the increase in the number of days for all the composition of the composites and it is comparable to that of the pure hydroxyapatite.


N,N′-Dialkylated trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane derivatives were synthesized with good overall yield via reaction of the corresponding N-alkylated cyclohexene aziridine with amines, in the presence of lithium perchlorate as catalyst.


This paper presents an unequal error protection of embedded video bitstreams using three dimensional SPIHT (3-D SPIHT) algorithm and Spatio-Temporal Tree Preserving 3-D SPIHT (STTP-SPIHT) algorithm. We have already proved the efficiency and robustness of the STTP-SPIHT in both of noisy and noiseless channels by modifying the 3-D SPIHT algorithm. We demonstrate that the 3-D SPIHT can also be error resilient against channel bit errors by dividing the embedded video bitstreams, and more error resilient when we divide the STTP-SPIHT bitstreams.


A correlation study on coconut seed nut and seedling characters was undertaken in a set of thirty accessions of diverse geographical origin, and including both tall and dwarf accessions, in order to understand the relationship among the nuts and seedlings growth characters and impact of characters relationship on the seedling vigour. Both year mean data of the seed and seedling characters analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Result showed that relationship level between the days to germination and seed weight (0.27) and seed length (0.25) correlated positively at significant but weak correlation but all growth characters of seedling at the age of 6th, 9th and 12th month was found to be negatively correlated at significant level. So seed selection is not advisable at the nursery purpose in the coconut. Among the seedling characters collar girth (six, nine and twelve month's age) which is an important criterion in seedling selection was found to be positively correlated with all other characters indicating its relevance in seedling selection and to get better yielding coconut palms in future.


Informatization of Ukrainian higher education institutions is a priority of the state educational policy, one of the directions of improving HEI's IT infra-structure. The paper aims to develop an integrated quality assurance infor-mation system to enhance institutional aspects of study programs at high ed-ucational institutes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop, at the uni-versity level, a standardized website structure designed to assure the quality of higher education with the identification of mandatory elements, for ex-ample, student survey results, rankings of students, lecturers staff, and edu-cational programs, results of verification of the uniqueness of scientific arti-cles and qualification works, review of educational programs for higher edu-cation applicants, e-library, electronic timetable, etc. This will allow us to unify approaches to electronic resource management and accelerate integrat-ing multi-level HEI elearning resources into a single portal. Paper presented developed quality assurance information system, which allows processing feedback of students for decision making of HEI's authorities.


Bangladesh, a developing country, has one of the highest rates of age-standardized mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The prevalence of NCDs is steadily increasing within all population groups, including indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Indigenous people, non-dominant communities of society, are individuals having distinctive social, economic or political systems, and preserving own languages, cultures and beliefs. Contemporary research proposes that negative health behaviors, especially tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption are becoming escalating problems in Bangladesh. Indigenous communities with low health literacy are less receptive to health information and are unlikely to embrace positive health behaviors. Three major barriers to change health behaviors toward preventing NCDs among indigenous people in Bangladesh are: unawareness of the severity and/or importance of NCDs; absence of health literacy or knowledge on NCDs; and lack of advocacy for health intervention programs for indigenous patients suffering from NCDs. Intertwined within socio-economic delusions and discrepancies, indigenous people miss out on health care to prevent NCDs. Mass media campaigns have both an extensive coverage and an awareness-constructing potential to educate and influence intended audiences' attitudes on changing health related behaviors. Bangladesh can change health behaviors within indigenous communities by adopting some effective strategies, including using multifaceted mass media to intensify coverage of the health campaigns, underpinning stereotyping health beliefs and conveying unidentified details about NCDs, and developing risk-reduction strategies for indigenous patients suffering from NCDs. Multi-stakeholder and intergovernmental mechanisms and mass media campaigns can be effective options for changing health behaviors of indigenous people in Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 17-22


The invention relates to an annular type impact method for digging rock at the bottom of a drilled pile shaft. At the bottom of the shaft, an outline of a whole rock digging portion is a cylinder, the thickness of the digging portion equals to 2.0 to 2.5 times of the diameter of the shaft and the diameter of the digging portion equals to the diameter of the shaft. A plane rotary percussion drill is erected on an operation platform of the rock digging portion, a drill bit of the percussion drill is tangent to a set rock shaft side wall, and the percussion drill drills independent impact holes and through impact holes sequentially with equal distance along the annular direction. The practical rack shaft side wall is formed firstly, and only an island-shaped remaining body is left in the rock digging portion. Restriction around the periphery of the remaining body is removed and side pressure at the periphery is eliminated so that the remaining body can be broken in a mechanical mode. The machine used in the method is simple, installation and operation are easy and digging forming can be achieved by once. The formed rock shaft side wall is regular, and rock on the shaft wall is complete without being damaged. Compared with the method of blasting excavation, construction speed is improved by once and construction cost is reduced by half.


Effect of remelting processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Nimonic 90 superalloy was investigated by OM (optical micrograph), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray) and tensile tests. The results indicated that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy was mainly composed of γ, γ' and carbides which contain Ti and Cr elements. The average grain size of the alloy tends to increase with mould shell temperature ranging from 350°C to 950°C. The strength of the as-cast alloy decreased with the increasing of mold shell temperature, with constant elongation as the mold shell temperature changes.


Esketamine is an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which has stronger sedative and analgesic effects and fewer adverse events than ketamine. The effects of low‐dose esketamine on haemodynamics and postoperative quality of recovery in elderly patients have not been evaluated. To evaluate whether low‐dose esketamine can be safely used for anaesthesia induction in the elderly.


In order to provide references for reasonable consumption and the formulation of relevant standards,the differences in the freshness,water-holding capacity(WHC),color and tenderness of commercial fresh pork were investigated among different packaging types,different certification grades and different pig breeds.The results showed that:(1) segmented packaged pork was inferior in freshness but superior in water content,WHC,and tenderness to non-segmented packed pork;(2) Compared with green pork and organic pork,non-certified pork had higher drip loss rate,poorer tenderness and higher unqualified rate of water content;and(3) Better meat quality characteristics such as higher WHC,brighter red color and tender texture were observed for native pigs than hybrid pigs.


The scattering of X-rays in quartz monocrystals has been investigated. It has been discovered experimentally, that even for the thick quartz crystals, for which μt = 5, pendular bands can be obtained. The appearance of pendular bands depending on the crystal thickness, the reflecting plane families and the reflection order, was investigated as well.

[Russian Text Ignore]


This study evaluated the effects of the immunobiological preparation "Interferon inducer bacterial liquid" (IIBI) combined with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) are presented. The clinical application of IIBI increases the efficacy of treatment. IIBI in combination with CRT induces the production of highly active endogenous IFNα/β, provides a marked regression of the affected lymph nodes in a short period (within 7 to 10 days) of treatment, relieves B symptoms, and increases by 2 times the length of remission in patients with refractory HL. (Int J Biomed. 2015; 5(4):214-218.)


ABSTRACT Providing electricity to telecom tower can be realised by hybrid green energy systems than extending a power line from grid. For a hybrid energy system, it is important to develop a converter to integrate different power sources and storage elements. Conventional systems use an individual converter for individual source thus leading to a relatively complex configuration, larger component count and reduced system efficiency. To address these issues green energy interface (GEI) converter is used. In this paper, a detailed component wise analysis and performance comparison between conventional and GEI converter using Matlab/Simulink is presented. GEI converter has linear and non-linear components. So, small signal model based on state space averaged model of the GEI topology is obtained. A lab level prototype for the GEI converter with programmable interface controller is implemented and tested under various input conditions to study the performance of the converter during seasonal changes. The simulation and experimental results showed that effective operation and control strategy of the hybrid power supply system. Abbreviations: BTS: base transceiver station; MSC: mobile switching centre; BSC: base station controller; CAPEX: capital expenditure; OPEX: operational expenditure; GEI: green energy interface


The vast majority of commercially available isolated word recognizers use a filter bank analysis as the front end processing for recognition. It is not well understood how the parameters of different filter banks (e.g., number of filters, types of filters, filter spacing, etc.) affect recognizer performance. In this paper we present results of performance evaluation of several types of filter bank analyzers in a speaker trained isolated word recognition test using dialed-up telephone line recordings. We have studied both DFT (discrete Fourier transform) and direct form implementations of the filter banks. We have also considered uniform and nonuniform filter spacings. The results indicate that the best performance (highest word accuracy) is obtained by both a 15-channel uniform filter bank and a 13-channel nonuniform filter bank (with channels spacing along a critical band scale). The performance of a 7-channel critical band filter bank is almost as good as that of the two best filter banks. In comparison to a conventional linear predictive coding (LPC) word recognizer, the performance of the best filter bank recognizers was, on average, several percent worse than that of an eighth-order LPC-based recognizer. A discussion as to why some filter banks performed better than others, and why the LPC-based system did the best, is given in this paper.


The molar heat capacity at constant pressure of Ag6Ge10P12 is measured in the temperature range from 180 to 550 K and the standard molar enthalpies and entropies relative to 298.15 K are calculated on the basis of these data. From a comparison of the temperature variation of the apparent Debye temperatures in CuGe2P3 and Ag6Ge10P12 it is concluded that lattice anharmonicity is more pronounced in Ag6Ge10P12 than in CuGe2P3.

Die molare Warmekapazitat bei konstantem Druck wurde fur Ag6Ge10P12 im Temperaturbereich von 180 bis 550 K gemessen und daraus die molaren Standardenthalpien und Standardentropien relativ zu 298.15 K berechnet. Aus einem Vergleich der Temperaturabhangigkeit der scheinbaren Debye-Temperaturen in CuGe2P3 und Ag6Ge10P12 wird geschlossen, das die Gitteranharmonizitat in Ag6Ge10P12 starker ausgepragt ist als in CuGe2P3.


Cache coherent multiprocessor architecture is widely used in the recent multi-core systems, embedded systems and massively parallel processors. With the ever increasing performance gap between processor and memory, there is a requirement for an optimal cache coherence mechanism in a cache coherent multiprocessor. The conventional directory based cache coherence scheme used in large scale multiprocessors suffers from considerable overhead. To overcome this problem we have developed a compiler assisted, processor directed cache coherence mechanism and evaluated. The approach is autoinvalidation based one that uses a hardware buffer termed Coherence Buffer (CB) and there is no need for directory. The CB method is compared in this paper with a self-invalidation based directory approach that employs a last touch predictor (LTP). Detailed architectural simulations of Distributed Shared Memory configurations with superscalar processors show that 8-entry 4-way associative CB performs better than the LTP based self-invalidation method as well as full-map 3-hop directory for five of the SPLASH-2 benchmarks under release consistency memory model. Given its performance, cost, complexity and scalability advantages, the CB approach is found to be promising approach for emerging applications in large scale multiprocessors, multi-core systems, and transaction processing systems. KeywordsCache coherence, Distributed shared memory multiprocessor system, self-invalidation, Last touch predictor, Release consistency


Addressing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy and minimizing potential vaccine contraindications are critical to combatting the pandemic. We describe a practical approach to immediate adverse events after the first dose of messenger RNA vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, focusing on diagnosis and management of allergic reactions.


The paper introduced the composition,principle,performance and features of the intrinsic safe secondary explosion detector based on the TMS320C2812 chip.The detector was applied to detect the methane,oxygen,carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.Each gas density could be calculated with DSP.In the coordinate axis with oxygen and combustion gas density,the relative location to the mixed gas density could be found.Then in comparison with the explosion delta,any explosion danger could be determined or not.The detector could be carried by the mine personnel to timely judge any explosion danger or not in the underground mine and to provide the prediction information for the safety operation in the underground mine.Also the detector could be applied to make the sampling and measurement at the closed site after the gas explosion accident occurred.The relative measures could be made according to the measured results.


The matric stability region placement (MSRP) method of J.A. de Abreu-Garcia, T.T. Hartley and G.O. Beale (1988) is used to simulate a small perturbation model of the NASA Lewis Mach 2.5 40-60 mixed compression inlet. The model is representative of high-speed internal flow propulsion systems which can be approximated as quasi-1D flows. The resulting system of equations, which is stiff, is also simulated by the second-order Adam-Bashforth method. It is shown that the MSRP method can be used to simulate small perturbation models of high-speed internal flow propulsion systems in real time


An object of the present invention is a real-time data processing method that is designed to index the ads within Internet search tool. Therefore, the present invention proposes a data processing method that is used to manage one or more search one in the tool or more advertisements in the indexing position at the same time in real time. The present invention, inform the advertising web site to surfers, to increase the ease of per eye of the site, and therefore in order to increase the number of visitors to the site, and a recording of the advertising web site in the search tool and in the search directory to enable the management of positioning. Therefore, the present invention is, according to real time bidding for a combination of keywords or keyword includes an algorithm for locating the indexing ad. Figure 2


Detailed numerical modeling has provided valuable insights into the operation and performance limitations of solar cells for both space and terrestrial applications. Detailed numerical modeling of TPV cells should provide similar benefits. In this paper, a detailed numerical model appropriate for TPV cells is presented.


The near infrared polarization and JHK colors of light scattered by dust grains in comet Halley were measured over a wide range in phase angle and heliocentric distance. Colors were redder than solar with no statistically significant variation with phase angle, heliocentric distance, or pre- and post-perihelion. This suggests that the grain population did not change drastically over time and that the data may be combined and modeled. However, short term variations in visible polarization and dust albedo were seen in Halley. Also, near infrared colors became systematically bluer after the observations were completed. The near infrared colors of Halley fall in the range of those of other comets. The near infrared polarization is similar to the visible polarization of Halley and other comets in showing a negative branch at small phase angles and an approximately linear rise toward positive values at larger phase angles. Mie theory calculations and a size distribution based on spacecraft data were used to model the near infrared polarization and color of comet Halley. Numerous lines of evidence point to the presence of dark, absorbing, probably carbonaceous materials in comets.


Let [afr ] be an ideal of a local ring (R, [mfr ]) and let N be a finitely generated R-module of dimension d: It is shown that Hd[afr ](N) ≃ Hd[mfr ](N)/[sum ]n∈ℕ〈[mfr ]〉 (0: Hd[mfr ](N)[afr ]n); where for an Artinian R-module X we put 〈[mfr ]〉X = ∩n∈ℕ[mfr ]nX. As a consequence several vanishing and connectedness results are deduced.


Abstract 431 Childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are particularly susceptible to second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) caused by radiation therapy (RT). To identify genetic risk factors for SMNs, we undertook a genome-wide association study of 96 SMN cases and 86 SMN-free controls. Both cases and control sets consisted of long-term survivors of childhood HL who received antecedent RT. Two variants at chromosome 6q21 intergenic between PRDM1 and ATG5 were associated with SMNs (rs4946728: P = 1.26×10 −9 , OR = 3.17 [2.16–4.65] and rs1040411: P = 4.68×10 −8 , OR= 2.41 [1.76–3.32]). These results were replicated in an independent set of 63 SMN cases and 75 SMN free controls (rs4946728: P =. 003, and rs1040411: P =. 04). The risk variants form a haplotype associated with decreased basal expression of PRDM1 , as well as impaired induction of the PRDM1 protein by radiation exposure. An analysis of the genomic region spanned by the SMN-associated haplotype revealed four evolutionarily conserved putative enhancers, characterized by both H3K27 acetylation and DNase I hypersensitivity. To determine whether these putative enhancers modulate expression following radiation exposure, we cloned each into the pGL3 vector downstream of a luciferase reporter gene. We then transiently transfected each construct into lymphoblastoid cell lines. Data will be presented showing how carriage of either the risk or protective haplotype alters the activity of these enhancers in response to radiation. Furthermore, ChIP-Seq data indicate that NFkB variably binds each putative enhancer. As NFkB has previously been shown to induce PRDM1 expression and is itself activated by radiation, we treated LCLs with an NFkB inhibitor to determine whether NFkB is involved in induction of PRDM1 following radiation exposure. These data demonstrate that incorporating etiologic exposures, such as radiation, can enhance the discovery disease-associated genetic variation and guide functional follow-up experiments. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.