This double issue features thirteen research articles and a 'Forum' collection of short essays that comment on the intellectual contribution of Richard Fox's recent book, More than words: Transforming script, agency, and collective life in Bali. Our Forum section will serve as a platform to highlight discussions about current intellectual trends as well as appraisals of contemporary issues and events in the region from multiple contributors. We envision that our Forum section will be a choice destination for publishing conversations and debates that emerge out of conference roundtables or symposia that require a different type of publishing space. As contributors to this issue's Forum attest (Verena Meyer, Thomas Hunter, Penny Edwards, Kaja McGowan, Laurie Sears, Tom Nathan Patton), Richard Fox's More than words provides new insight into our understanding of text that will be of keen interest to our readership. In broad terms, our research articles focus on themes concerning (1) the construction of and contestation over spaces, (2) ecological governance, (3) knowledge production and epistemology, and (4) everyday agency. Our lead article (Ryan Edgecomb Holroyd and Kuan-Chi Wang) examines how Chinese scholars and sailors of the late Ming period (1500–1644) collaborated to produce a particular geography of 'Southeast Asia' that was based on contemporaneous accounts about these places, rather than on archived maps and accounts collected by earlier pre-Ming scholarofficials. The article highlights not only how the maritime trading system between East and Southeast Asia was spatially understood at the time, but also how sources reflecting this geographic-ethnographic knowledge were produced during and after the Ming era. Esti Asmira's article explores different understandings, functions, and narratives surrounding the establishment of Pasar Gambir, an early twentieth century fair-cum-marketplace in Dutch Indonesia. The week-long spectacle was intended to exhibit and project imperial messaging about Dutch customs, Western modernity and education to both local and European communities. Expanding on the view that Pasar Gambir represented a hybrid space for colonisers and colonised alike, Asmira treats the spectacle as a fair-cum-exhibition, arguing that non-Dutch actors expressed their identity and agency by participating in or withdrawing from marketplace activities. Our focus on contested spaces in Dutch Indonesia connects Asmira's article to Klass Stutje's history of the penal island of Nusakambangan via the life-stories, social behaviour, and survival strategies of the prison's inmates, who were from locales across the Indonesian archipelago. Based on an examination of the prison's place in the larger Dutch penal system, internal prison social dynamics, labour conditions, and everyday negotiations between prisoners and guards, Stutje's research suggests Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 53(1-2), pp 1–3 March–June 2022. 1


Statistics in Austria show a significantly higher unemployment rate of people with migration background compared to those without such a background. This situation is further aggravated by the increased application of modern technologies that replace jobs with automated systems. People with migration background in Austria tend to have a lower qualification and corresponding jobs that are in higher danger of being automated. This paper presents the concept of the project ROBIN that employs educational robotics for inspiring young people towards engineering and technology. In this context, a focus is specifically put on supporting young people with a migration background. Also the results of an interim project evaluation are presented and a few lessons learned are discussed.


Abstrcat The effect of the osteopontin gene on reproductive traits in Suzhong and Erhualian pig lines was investigated. More than 660 litter records from 93 sows genotyped at osteopontin locus were analyzed to determine whether OPN gene influenced total number born (TNB) or number born alive (NBA). TNB between Erhualian sows with 158/142 and with 170/152 or 168/140 genotypes and NBA between 158/142 and 170/152 genotypes are significantly different in later parities (P0.05). NBA between Suzhong sows with 164/168 and with 140/152, 142/168,152/170 genotypes is significantly different in first parity (P(0.05)) and NBA between 152/170 and 130/142 genotypes is significantly different in later parities(P(0.05).)


Analytical expressions are given for certain three‐ and four‐electron atomic integrals which contain in their integrands products of Slater‐type one‐electron functions and inverse first powers of two or three of the interelectronic distances.


The behavior of the interface between the precipitating and non-precipitating regions is analyzed in an idealized model for the large scale atmospheric circulation. This model uses a quasi-equilibrium relaxation closure in which convection acts to removed the convective instability. It is shown that in the strict quasiequilibrium limit, i.e. for instantaneous convective adjustment, the boundary between the dry and moist regions can exhibit a discontinuity in the precipitation rate and vertical velocity. This interface, referred here to as a precipitation front, behaves as a propagating shock. Three distinct precipitation fronts can be obtained: drying front, slow moistening front and fast moistening front. The front velocity is distinct from the propagation speed of dry and moist disturbances and must be determined by solving a Riemman problem. Stationary precipitation fronts are also found in steady solutions for idealized Walker circulations in both one and two dimensions. Dry gravity waves and coupled convective-gravity waves are partially


The loss of a loved one in war, as in the extraordinary losses in general, produces a break in the usual ways of facing death. In this article we will see how relatives of fallen in the Malvinas War were adapted to these changes in a creative way, reformulating conventional models to understand them, through a framework of interpretation of losses where the Virgin of Lujan, sacred source of legitimation of the dead and the bereaved, becomes the instrument through which occurs the communion of all Argentineans, both living and dead, and strengthening the national identity.


Two types of diagrammatic approaches for the design and simulation of nonlinear optical experiments (closed-time path loops based on the wave function and double-sided Feynman diagrams for the density matrix) are presented and compared. We give guidelines for the assignment of relevant pathways and provide rules for the interpretation of existing nonlinear experiments in carotenoids.


The origin of Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) was started in 1970 as packet radio network (PRNET), later on different researches were made on it in different ages. MANET works under no fixed infrastructure in which every node works likes a router that stores and forwards packet to final destination. Due to its dynamic topology, MANET can be created anywhere, anytime. As there are limited resources in MANET so it faces many problems such as security, limited bandwidth, range and power constraints. Due to this, many new routing protocols are proposed. This article examines different techniques to manage congestion control, security issues, different layers attacks, routing protocols and challenges that are faced by MANET.


In this article, we study the control of a Chikungunya epidemic model solving several optimal control problems. We implement three strategies to control the spread of the Chikungunya virus in the human and vector population. The first control strategy is an educational campaign promoting the use bednets, avoiding water stagnation, wearing long sleeved shirts, among others. The second is treatment of the infected individual, and the third relies on spraying insecticide. The optimal control problem that we solve has a mathematical model for Chikungunya representing the control system. We rely on Pontryagin's maximum principle to solve the optimal control problem. For the mathematical model of the Chikungunya epidemic, we use the incidence data from Colombia corresponding to the year 2015. An additional aim of this study is to investigate which control measures are more efficient and suggest policies to health institutions to reduce the number of infected individuals. Although the mathematical model fits real data of the Colombian case, the policies and insights presented in this article might be extrapolated to different countries.


ABSTRACT Salt intrusion modelling for an estuary typically requires topography data, including cross-sectional area and width along the estuary. This information is typically collected by field trip measurements, but these are not always feasible. Furthermore, freshwater discharge data are needed but these are generally gauged further upstream outside the tidal region and unable to reflect the individual flows entering a multi-channel estuary. With data provided by a network of fixed measurement stations only, the main goal of this paper is to set up an analytic model to simulate salinity distribution along a multi-channel estuary at high water slack. The Ma Estuary in Vietnam is considered as case study. A new approach is introduced to calibrate the parameters of a parsimonious salt intrusion model, which are typically extracted from estuary geometry measurements. Compared to the values derived from a field survey, the calibrated parameter values are in very high agreement. Furthermore, by assuming a linear relation between inverses of the individual flows entering the estuary and inverses of the sum of flows gauged further upstream, the individual flows can be assessed. Evaluation on the model simulations shows that the model explains salinity distribution along the Ma Estuary reasonably well with 75% of the simulations being satisfactory or better and with NSE values at the gauging stations being 0.50 or higher. This performance demonstrates the predictive power of the model and of the proposed parameter/input estimation approach.


In mixed-focus collaboration, users "continuously" switch between "individual" and "group" work. We have developed a new two-person interaction mechanism, coupled tele-desktops, that is, arguably, not biased towards individual or group work. We evaluate this mechanism, and the general idea of mixed-focus collaboration, using a new quantitative framework consisting of (a) a set of precisely-defined coupling modes determining the extent of individual and group work, and (b) the times spent in, durations of, and number of transitions among these modes. We describe a new visualization scheme for compactly displaying these metrics in an individual collaborative session. We use this framework to characterize about forty six person hours of use of coupled tele-desktops, most of which involved collaborative use of a UI builder. Our results include (a) quantitative motivation for coupled tele-desktops, and (b) several new quantitative observations, and quantification of several earlier qualitative observations regarding mixed-focus collaboration.


ary. Dr. Drysdale tells us that the exact place in medicine of homceopathy " Could be determined by experience alone-not only the past, biit future experience-and homceopathy not being held as a dogma, he admitted that place might be modified by further experiences." What are we to think of those slippery philosophers who thus embrace a creed, and then calmly state that its place in science nmay be modified by future experience? The real truth is this: the homceopaths are determined to what is vulgarly called "; try it on"; and when they have found the exact amount of humbug the people will bear, then they intend to stop. But surely the professors of legitimate medicine do not intend to allow the followers of this outrageous quackery to play fast and loose with them in this matter ! We have a right to demand of those homeopaths who thus patter with us in a double sense, what they really believe; and we have a right to ask " the liberal doctors" (as they are termed in the Liverpool ercutry) whether they are prepared to show any further countenance to practitioners who thus outrage morality by preaching up a new system, in order to gain popularity with the crowd, wlhile they eventually resort to the old practice which they abuse. Everywhere the result of the meeting at the Liverpool MIedical Institution is proclaimed as a triumph by the hommeopaths; and those who supported them are termed " the liberal doctors". We candidly confess, however, that the liberality for which they are given credit by the quiet public appears to be little better than latitudinarianism; and that also is the opinion of the great majority of the profession. It is satisfactory to know, that the ballot can at least keep the Institution clear of any more homceopaths; and the British Medical Association, when it meets next year in its rooms, need not fear the presence of those members of the Hahnemannic fraternity who, with so much tenacity, and such bad taste, retain their membership of the Institution.


Musical performance is a viable test case for studying the behavioural processes of the production and decoding of body expressivity in a naturalistic setting. The present study focuses on how a violinist's body expression can adapt to a variety of expressive styles. Using a motion capture system, we were able to capture body segments and the instrumental dynamics (head, arms, torso, sacrum, and violin) of three violinists during musical performances (J.S Bach, partita Dmin) played in metronomic, emphatic and concert-like styles. A General Linear Mixed Model has been developed as a statistical method to evaluate how the expressive style impacts body segment displacements. Preliminary results reveal distinct body configurations where body segments move more with respect to others. This questions the idea that various styles of body movement do not consist exclusively of change in full-body kinetics.


To test whether native and non‐native species have similar diversity–area relationships (species–area relationships [SARs] and phylogenetic diversity–area relationships [PDARs]) and whether they respond similarly to environmental variables.


A novel electronic ballast for multiple metal halide lamps is proposed. The lamp power control stages are composed of two-output flyback converters. The lamp driving stage is a half-bridge inverter that is used to drive lamps with a low-frequency square waveform. Implementation of the proposed topology is easy, useful, and low cost. A laboratory prototype of the electronic ballast used to drive four 20 W metal halide lamps is implemented.


In the article investigated the epoch of modernism and postmodernism on the basis of conception of four levels of essential powers of person. Proved that the anthropological content of these eras is the conflict personal and impersonal manifestations of social life.


Previous s t u d i e s of t h e magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y of i n d i v i d u a l microgram-size l u n a r g l a s s spheru les a t low temperatures1 show the e x i s t e n c e of s e v e r a l an t i fe r romagne t ic temperature t r a n s i t i o n s i n t h e g l a s s spheru les measured, b u t only one t r a n s i t i o n could be a s s o c i a t e d wi th a known mineral i n c l u s i o n , namely i l m e n i t e . It i s assumed t h a t t h e u n i d e n t i f i e d t r a n s i t i o n s a r e due t o minute fragments of o t h e r mineral s p e c i e s o r nuc lea ted regions i n t h e g l a s s , t h e occurrence of which is d i r e c t l y a s s o c i a t e d wi th t h e source rocks and cond i t ions of format ion of t h e spheru les . I n o rder t o i n t e r p r e t and i d e n t i f y t h e v a r i o u s temperature t r a n s i t i o n s found i n t h e lunar g l a s s s p h e r u l e s , i t is necessa ry t o know t h e Neel t r a n s i t i o n s f o r t h e va r ious s p e c i f i c l u n a r minerals t h a t might be found &n the lunar g l a s s , iqo magnetic s t u d i e s have been made on separa ted pure l u n a r minerals t o e s t a b l i s h t h e s e t r a n s i t i o n temperatures , and thus , s t a r t i n g wi th i l m e n i t e , a sys temat ic s tudy of l u n a r minerals has been i n t i a t e d . The measured t r a n s i t i o n a t 56 K i n t h e one spheru le mentioned p rev ious ly corresponded c l o s e l y t o t h e known Neel temperature of powdered r a t h e r than a s i n g l e c r y s t a l of i lmeni te . There a r e s e v e r a l r epor ted measurements of t h e Neel t r a n s i t i o n f o r t e r r e s t r i a l and s y n t h e t i c i l m e n i t e powder samples, b u t B i z e t t e and ~ s a i ~ a r e t h e only i n v e s t i g a t o r s t o r e p o r t measurements on a s i n g l e c r y s t a l of t e r r e s t r i a l i lmeni te . They showed i l m e n i t e t o be magnet ical ly a n i s o t r o p i c and t o have a Neel t r a n s i t i o n a t 68 K p a r a l l e l , and a t approximately 55 K pe rpend icu la r t o t h e c-axis. T e r r e s t r i a l o r s y n t h e t i c i l m e n i t e almost always con ta ins a smal l amount of ~ e ~ ' . Lunar i l m e n i t e has been formed under h igh ly reducing c o n d i t i o n s , w i l l c o n t a i n l i t t l e o r no ~ e ~ ' , and consequently may have a d i f f e r e n t t r a n s i t i o n temperature. I n a d d i t i o n , neutron d i f f r a c t i o n s t u d i e s of i l m e n i t e by Shirane e t a13 i n d i c a t e s t h a t , depending on t h e p u r i t y , f e r r i m a g n e t i c c l u s t e r s may form i n i l m e n i t e which can i n f l u e n c e t h e t r a n s i t i o n temperature. I f t h e i n c l u s i o n s a r e subdomain i n s i z e , t h e g l a s s spheru le w i l l have superparamagnetic p r o p e r t i e s which may a l s o have an e f f e c t on t h e t r a n s i t i o n temperature. Pre l iminary measurements of a multifragment sample of lunar i l m e n i t e p icked from a crushed p i e c e of lunar rock 10047 showed t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e t r a n s i t i o n a t 56 K, t h e r e were weak t r a n s i t i o n s a t 11.3 K and a t 4.3 K ~ . Late r measurements on pure r fragments showed only t h e 56 K t r a n s i t i o n ; thus t h e low-temperature t r a n s i t i o n s have been asc r ibed t o i m p u r i t i e s o r t o ins t rumenta l e r r o r . When t h e i l m e n i t e fragments of t h e l u n a r sample were o r i e n t e d i n t h e magnetic f i e l d p r i o r t o magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y measurements, t h e t r a n s i t i o n became sharper and s h i f t e d from 56 K t o 60 K. Aniso t rop ic magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y measurements on a s i n g l e c r y s t a l fragment removed from the l u n a r powder sample y ie lded a ve ry sharp temperature t r a n s i t i o n a t 60 K.


ABSTRACT The internal feedback existing within a generalized active two-port network is studied in terms of the z-, y-, h- and g-matrix representations. It is shown that the return difference is non-unique in that it depends on the matrix representation adopted to describe the external behaviour of the two-port network.


This research examines the recruitment and selection practices followed in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Today education is the corner stone of societal reforms in Pakistan and effective teachers are the backbone of educational reforms. HEIs need significant developmental measures and this paper will provide recommendations to improve the recruitment and selection process promoting the competent and talented teachers so that higher education sector can play its part in economic growth. The research methodology applied is exploratory. This research based on primary as well as secondary data collected from newly hired university lecturers, Managerial staff, internet and online journals and research papers. Data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS software. Research concluded that recruitment and selection process of HEIs adopt systematic system but there is a room for improvement. At times this process is influenced by political factors. This research will help in promoting active constructive researches on education sector as well as the fair and corruption less recruitment and selection processes of HEIs .


The burgeoning demand of high data rate in next generation wireless communication, the antecedent of the evolution of new multicarrier modulation technique FBMC (Filter Bank Multicarrier) system is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Although OFDM has numerous merits but it consumes higher bandwidth due to its cyclic prefix to eliminate ISI (Inter Symbol Interference) in fading channel and shows large PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) in transmission system. To mitigate these problems, FBMC is more suitable candidate in high speed MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system. At first, in this paper, the responses of OFDM and FBMC system have been analyzed with AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel under theoretical and simulation environment. Besides this, Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) with reduction technique, clipping is applied to know the behavior of these systems. Finally, in the area of MIMO scheme, each system is concatenated with MRC, Alamouti STBC and Generalized STBC to find FBMC as superior contender for 5G. Results show that using 16 QAM modulation, BER performance of FBMC significantly achieves 2dB compared to error rate of OFDM in theoretical and empirical analyses under AWGN and Rayleigh channel. Moreover, the clipping technique enhances the response of FBMC in terms of PAPR compared to OFDM approximately 0.5 dB. In MIMO configurations, MRC-FBMC exhibits the improved performance with 2 dB approximately over MRC-OFDM system. Results also show that in the case of Alamouti STBC, at 30dB and 35dB, FBMC (2×1) and (2×2) configurations achieve BER improvement 5×10, 3×10 respectively than OFDM (2×1) and (2×2) configurations. Generalized STBC investigation reveals that to reach FBMC BER performance, OFDM needs at least 2dB increment at specific error rate. In a nutshell, this paper brings up three distinct types of appealing features of FBMC such as good BER response, reduced PAPR, and suitability in MIMO configuration compared to OFDM. These distinct features make FBMC an ultimate choice in the emerging areas of MIMO networks.


IN THE THIRD ACT of Bernard Shaw's Major Barbara, Andrew Undershaft, attempting to bridge the "abyss of moral horror" which Adolphus Cusins claims lies between him and the Undershaft factory, recites the maxims of the previous Undershafts, concluding with his own. Listed separately for more convenient reference, they are:[I] The first Undershaft wrote up in his shop IF GOD GAVE THE HAND, LET NOT MAN WITHHOLD THE SWORD. [II] The second wrote up ALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO FIGHT: NONE HAVE THE RIGHT TO JUDGE. [III] The third wrote up TO MAN THE WEAPON: TO HEAVEN THE VICTORY. [IV] The fourth had no literary turn; so he did not write up anything; but he sold cannons to Napoleon under the nose of George the Third. [V] The fifth wrote up PEACE SHALL NOT PREVAIL SAVE WITH A SWORD IN HER HAND. [VI] The sixth, my master, was the best of all. He wrote up NOTHING IS EVER DONE IN THIS WORLD UNTIL MEN ARE PREPARED TO KILL ONE ANOTHER IF IT IS NOT DONE. [VII] After that, there was nothing left for the seventh to say. So he w...


T. Dupuy, E. Katz, J. Rabinoff, D. Zureick-Brown introduced the module of total $p$-differentials for a ring over $Z/p^2Z$. We study the same construction for a ring over $Z_{(p)}$ and prove a regularity criterion. For a local ring, the tensor product with the residue field is constructed in a different way by O. Gabber, L. Ramero. In another article arXiv:2006.00448, we use the sheaf of FW-differentials to define the cotangent bundle and the micro-support of an etale sheaf.


We study and test several p-cycle generation algorithms from different strategies. And simulation and analysis with these different algorithms will be presented.


Drug-induced psychotic symptoms are a difficult therapeutic problem in the late stages of Parkinson's disease. Confusional states and hallucinations often develop in parkinsonian patients with symptoms of dementia. Reduction of antiparkinson medication or administration of classical neuroleptics tend to aggravate the parkinsonian symptoms to unacceptable degrees. Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative, is an effecient non-classical antipsychotic drug employed in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. The drug has a low potential for inducing extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). Efficient antipsychotic effect without deterioration of motor symptoms has previously been reported in only 5 patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced psychosis ( I , 2). We conducted an open therapeutic trial comprising 16 selected parkinsonian patients with drug-induced psychotic symptoms. Twelve of these patients received a stable antiparkinson drug regimen (levodopa and/or bromocriptine) kept on the lowest possible level necessary to maintain acceptable motor function. The remaining 4 patients included had persisting psychotic symptoms in spite of a 20-50'70 reduction in bromocriptine dosage (Table 1). Fourteen patients experienced resolution of psychotic symptoms within a few days of clozapine treatment. One patients had to stop treatment because of serious aggravation of orthostatic hypotension. Another patient discontinued treatment because of sedation. Treatment was later resumed with a reduced dose and with satisfactory antipsychotic effect. None of the patients experienced any deterioration of motor symptoms. Clozapine is a dopamine D 2 blocking agent with a possible preferential effect on mesolimbic D 2 receptors (I) . Since clozapine does not induce any significant EPS, it is difficult to conduct a double-blind study comparing the effect with classical neuroleptics. It was noticed in some patients, that the tremor diminished during treatment with clozapine. This observation is in accordance with an earlier investigation finding that patients with parkinsonian or essential tremor can benefit from the drug (3). However, 8 lethal outcomes due to clozapine-induced agranulocytosis have been reported in Finland in 1977 (4). In recent studies performed in the USA the incidence of agranulocytosis in association with clozapine was found to be 1-2% which is considerably higher than the phenothiazine-related risk ( 5 , 6 ) . Therefore weekly monitoring of the white blood cell count during the first 18 weeks of therapy and, thereafter, monthly checks of the leucocytes is mandatory. Due to this precautionary measure the risk of fatal outcome of agranulocytosis is clozapine treated patients has been considerably reduced. Main side effects are otherwise sedation, orthostatic


Extremely large current double interface GaAs/In0.15 Ga0.85 As/Al0.15 Ga0.85 As pseudomorphic modulation‐doped field‐effect transistors (MODFET's) grown by molecular beam epitaxy were achieved. The 1‐μm gate devices studied have peak current levels (430 mA/mm at 300 K and 483 mA/mm at 77 K) roughly one and a half to two times that found in single interface pseudomorphic MODFET's. These devices also retain high transconductances over a broad range of gate voltage, peaking at 312 mS/mm at 300 K and 362 mS/mm at 77 K. Further, excellent microwave performance is also obtained with a maximum frequency of oscillation ( fmax) of 37 GHz and a current gain cut‐off frequency of as high as 23 GHz at 300 K. An output power level of 14 dBm (1 dB gain compression) was obtained at 6 GHz for a 290‐μm gate width. This double interface single quantum well MODFET may be of great importance in millimeter wave power amplifiers.


Mary Caponegro's fiction has always been noteworthy for its "combination of intelligence and audacity"—the same heady cocktail that one of her characters finds awe-inspiring in her future husband. The new stories in All Fall Down bring us again this sense of wonder at her prowess and élan. Floored by the fiction's bold, sharp cuts into our day-today interiors, we are also broadsided by its cheeky stance alongside the "mundane" performances we call our lives. As we read, we fall, skewered by the askew, strung out between elegance and insolence, and drawn into an abutment of the explicit and the implicit that doesn't bring characters or readers to an epiphanic or psychological "here ends," but requires them (and us) to continually affirm the epiphenomenal: the non-causal by-products of brain work that, in an unease both comic and casual—casual means "all fall down"—we begin to sense are the things of the world showing themselves. All Fall Down's denizens want to romp across spatial, temporal, and psychological terrains: with a clear view of the past and a resolute if shaky hope in the future (that is, how events fall out), they attempt to come to reasonable decisions about each other, even though—or perhaps because—the structures of their lives are in almost complete disarray: failing marriages, terrorist attacks, debilitating illnesses, dead or dying parents—these and other cuts make up what could be termed the "straight" events of the tales, their ortho-phenomena. But ultimately, All Fall Down's characters fall into a weighty present that rather than reason calls for response—not moral response (responsibility as final answer) but a concrete, emphatic response: Caponegro's characters find that their chance to respond is precisely interrogative, falling against questions, openings that cast them into-against epiphenomenal interstices that cut-and-connect their emotional landscapes. In these "betweens," they don't find themselves facing an abstract and ultimately causal alterity but an otherness concretely casual: that is, not facing the other but falling against each other.


very long period covered by this book? These are some of the sorts of questions I had hoped that the book would tackle, for we desperately need more work which connects these larger themes and questions with the realities of practised local benevolence. Apprenticing in a market town is a handsome volume, but unless one is an antiquarian expert on the history of Aylesbury, or a local inhabitant in search of a learned coffee-table ornament, the book is, at the end of the day, a frustrating read. DONNA T. ANDREW Department of History, University of Guelph


Despite the creation of several guidelines for social accountability, there is not a model able to describe how a social accountability document should be. This paper aims at proposing a framework of characteristics for excellent social reports, useful for those organisations that choose the path of social accountability. After a review of literature on the typologies and features of this kind of accountability, the paper analyses the Italian social accountability awarded in the period 2012-2015. Research findings show how the benchmark documents are all characterised by high standards of communication while a more diversified scenario can be emphasised for the standards of content. Despite this paper is only an explorative study, it could represent a good guideline towards excellence in social reporting and could provide suggestions for their development.


A new meta-heuristic method is proposed to solve the classical permutation flowshop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing sum of completion times. The representative neighbourhood combines the stochastic sampling method (mainly used in simulated annealing) and the best descent method (elaborated in the tabu search), and integrates them naturally into a single method. The method is further extended into the genetic local search framework by using a population and a special crossover operator called multi-step crossover fusion. Computational experiments using benchmark problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


PurposeThis paper aims to highlight how initial business models can be converted into a larger-scale solution for tapping into the emerging base-of-the-pyramid markets.Design/methodology/approachTh ...


Through the analysis and introducing of the technical essentials for construction of healthy housing, this article expatiated on the essentiality of the healthy housing technology which would affect the dwelling environment, health, ecological environment and sustainable development in China. And put forward technique measures and criterion in terms of the situation of healthy housing development in a country when healthy housing is constructed.


The leading cause of new blindness among people aged 60 or older is age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (1). There are two forms of AMD, exudative and atrophic. Most AMD-related blindness is due to the exudative form (2), which is the potentially treatable form. When an exudative lesion is sufficiently far from the foveola, that lesion may be treated by application of laser photocoagulation (3,4). Because the distance of the exudative lesion from the foveola often decreases rapidly with time after presentation of initial symptom. (5), prompt treatment after presentation of symptoms is essential in order to maximize that treatment's chance of success. Because initial symptoms can be missed or overlooked (6), it is important that individuals know whether or not they are at especially great risk for developing exudative AMD.


Immunogenic potential of outer membrane protein (OMP) of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 in conferring homologous and cross-protection in laboratory animals, as compared to vaccines consisting of whole cells grown with or without dipyridyl, (DIP) an iron-chelator, was studied. Using slide agglutination test, the antibody titres in pooled sera from rabbits given either of the vaccines increased from day 14 post-vaccination (PV) reaching peak at day 28 or 35. followed by a decline at day 50 and further at day 90 PV. Similar trend was observed when ELISA was employed using puritied OMP or sonicated P. mul/oeida cell antigen. However, in this assay OMP proved to be inore immunogenic than the other 2 vaccines. The vaccinated rabbits when challenged at 1 month and 3 months PV exhibited satisfactory level of protection with OMP vaccine. Among the whole cell vaccines satisfactory protection was observed with and whole cell(grown without dipyridyle) vaccine only. Sera from these rabbits collected at day 28 and 90 PV passively protected mice against the challenge with the homologous P multoeida strain as well as the heterologous serotypes, viz. A:3 and F:3, 4 except 90 PV sera from OMP vaccinated rabbits which did not exhibit satisfactory level of protection against serotype A:3. Among the 3 vaccines, the whole cell (cells grown with DIP) vaccine proved most protective. The study suggested that eithe'r OMP vaccine or whole P. multaeida cell vaccine could be used for conferring cross-protection in animals against P. multocida infection.


Most time-series studies in the area of export-led growth adopt a bivariate framework and neglect the role of terms of trade. Because the terms of trade have an important bearing on export earnings and income, the underlying models of these studies may have been misspecified. This study is the first to adopt a multivariate framework for South Asia as a region; and by including the terms of trade as an additional variable it tries to correct the misspecification bias of earlier studies. The evidence suggests bidirectional causality between real exports and real income in India, export-led growth in Pakistan and a no-causality result for Sri Lanka.


Abstract Stability of linear systems with norm-bounded uncertainties and uncertain time-varying delays is considered. The delays are supposed to be bounded and fast-varying (without any constraints on the delay derivative). Sufficient stability conditions are derived via complete Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF). A new LKF construction, which was recently introduced for systems with uncertain delays, is extended to the case of norm-bounded uncertainties: to a nominal LKF, which is appropriate to the system with the nominal value of the coefficients and of the delays, terms are added that correspond to the perturbed system and that vanish when the uncertainties approach 0. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the method.


Abstract —This position paper describes some open problems of sketch input of engineering Euclidean solid models. After a brief historical introduction, we discuss traditional design using pencil and paper, and how this paradigm has been adapted (or forgotten) by various current approaches to computer interpretation of sketches. We discuss three particular open problems, those of modalities, annotations, and assemblies. We also analyse current perception-based approaches in order to identify the most important areas in which further work is needed: detection of geometrical, perceptual and manufacturing cues, and a taxonomy of cue interdependencies which would prevent incompleteness and contradictions. Index Terms—Pen computing, Sketch-based modelling, Sketching interface, Cues. I. I NTRODUCTION Pen computing refers to those computer user interfaces where users interact with computers by means of pens which guide pointers moving around a screen. In this paper, such interfaces are considered distinct from classic keyboard/ display/mouse environments only as far as they are used to simulate the behaviour of actual paper and pencil. We are only interested in "virtual" paper and pencil which allows free sketching and annotating, not in the "pointing mode" of WIMP environments. Similarly, we are interested in handwriting as far as it conveys


The adder circuit is basic component of arithmetic logic design and that is the most important block of processor architecture. Moreover, power consumption is the main concern for real-time digital systems. In recent times, carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET) used for arithmetic circuit designs with high performance. A creative substitute for highspeed, less power, and small size in area designs is the CNTFET. This paper presents 1- bit full adder with CNTFETs for low power and high performance. Using the computer aided design (CAD) tool the proposed 1-bit full adder design model is simulated using 32 nm with CNTFET technology, a voltage supply of +0.9V. Performance comparisons between various proposed designs and existing 1-bit full adder design have been made in terms of the delay, power, and power delay product (PDP). The proposed CNFET logic also design for n-bit carry look adder (CLA) and compare it to other CLAs to evaluate performance and reliability. The simulation results shows that the proposed adder consume less power than existing adders.


This device for holding in position of a clamping member provided with a head, in a hole in a side wall of a receiving cradle for a complementary member operable to connect two portions of a set column direction of the motor vehicle is characterized in that it comprises an arm (11) extending from the stirrup (5), one end of which comprises means (12) attaching thereto, and the other, at least one elastic tongue (16) directed towards the stirrup and inclined towards the axis of the hole (3) so that its end extends into the head movement path (2) the member (1) upon engagement or disengagement thereof into or out of the corresponding hole in the stirrup, in order to form an anti-recoil stop for holding the member in position in the hole, this tab being retractable radially by the head of the organ upon engagement thereof in this hole.


OBJECTIVE To study the ability of the dry heat sterilizer of tunnel type for deactivation of bacterial endotoxin under the condition of the process requirement. The challenye experi ment carried out with maximum endotoxin load of 5000 Eulvial in three rows of front ,middle and back in the tunnel. The experimental result indicates that under set condition of full load. The bacterial endotoxin is decreased by above 3Lg. This equipment is highly effective far deactivation of bacterial endotoxin


Companies seeking sustainable growth should point to strategies that give them competitive advantages over potential competitors in the same sector. In small and medium enterprises, a fifth of work accidents are generated, therefore, greater control must be regularized by public institutions that fulfill these functions. This work aims to evaluate the context of a publishing services company that has 14 employees to determine the employees' perception regarding occupational accidents, risks and the degree of knowledge and commitment that is demonstrated by the senior management. The research was carried out through surveys applied to 100% of the population. It was determined that 79% of the respondents considered that risks arise as falls at the same level, which is related to disorder due to accumulation of boxes and accumulated material. On the other hand, 65% consider the implementation of a system for occupational safety and health management important and necessary. Therefore, the implementation of an occupational health and safety management system according to ISO 45001: 2018 will allow the organization and planning of activities related to occupational risk prevention, as well as documented information and the creation of procedures.
Keywords: risks, work, regulations, planning, ISO.


This paper considers analysis of maximum draught of a merchant vessel, which can maintain safety of navigation in different exterior condition (average and extreme) on shallow water in Stolpe gutter and keep required under keel clearance, i.e. navigational reserve of depth. To depict maximum draught of a vessel the authors use practical method which incorporates risk of navigational and model of ship's domain. Results are compared with guidelines published by Decree of Minister of Transport and Maritime Economy from 01.06.1998 about technical conditions, which should be met by hydro mechanical sea structure, which operate vessels with the given particulars.


In the present study, wave deformation and wave-induced current were calculated under the regular wave conditions using the Boussinesq model. The model results of the wave deformation showed good agreements with the preceeding laboratory experiments of others. The wave-induced current of the fully developed sea state was calculated. For field application of model, the preceeding field data by others in the real scale of the water area were compared, the numerical result of wave deformation showed a relatively good agreement with the field data. Although the numerical result of wave-induced current was underestimated over the longshore bar developed area, the Boussinesq model is generally suitable to predict the wave-induced current.


Purpose: We expand mechanistic findings in preclinical studies to demonstrate that antibody blockade of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100) reduces expansion of MDSC and shifts the balance of myeloid cells within the TME to facilitate tumor rejection. Efficacy is further enhanced when combined with various immunotherapies. Design of phase 1/2 combination trials of VX15/2503, a humanized IgG4 antibody targeting SEMA4D, with immune checkpoint inhibition will be presented. Methods: Anti-SEMA4D antibodies were evaluated alone and in combination with other immunotherapies in various preclinical models. Antitumor activity and immune response was characterized by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, functional assays, and cytokine, chemokine, and gene expression analysis. A phase I trial for single agent VX15/2503 was completed, and several 1b/2 combination immunotherapy trials are planned. Results: SEMA4D restricts migration of monocytes and promotes expansion of suppressive myeloid cells in vitro. Strong expression of SEMA4D at the invasive margins of actively growing tumors in vivo restricts the infiltration and modulates polarization of leukocytes in the TME. Antibody blockade of SEMA4D facilitated recruitment of activated DCs and T lymphocytes in preclinical models. MDSCs were significantly reduced in tumor and blood following treatment, and new data characterizing MDSC function in preclinical models will be described. A significant shift towards increased Th1 cytokines (IFNg, TNFa) and CTL-recruiting chemokine CXCL9, with concurrent reduction in Treg- , MDSC- , and M2-macrophage promoting chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL5) was also observed. Accordingly, Teff:Treg ratio (3x, p Conclusions: SEMA4D blockade represents a novel mechanism to promote functional immune infiltration into the tumor and enhance immunotherapy. VX15/2503 treatment was well tolerated in a phase I multiple ascending dose trial in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Plans for several clinical trials will be presented, including a phase 1b/2 of combination therapy with avelumab in immunotherapy-naive NSCLC, and combination with anti-PD-1 or ipilimumab in various indications. A neoadjuvant trial of VX15 with anti-PD-1 in patients with metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancers will be described, as well as a phase 1/2 trial of VX15 in pediatric and osteosarcoma patients. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B01. Citation Format: Elizabeth E. Evans, Holm Bussler, Crystal Mallow, Christine Reilly, Sebold Torno, Maria Scrivens, Cathie Foster, Alan Howell, Leslie Balch, John E. Leonard, Terrence L. Fisher, Clint Allen, Paul Clavijo, Siwen Hu-Leiskovan, Antoni Ribas, Ernest S. Smith, Maurice Zauderer. Breaking down barriers restricting myeloid cell differentiation and infiltration in the tumor microenvironment with a first-in-class antibody targeting semaphorin4D, and rational combination therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.


Transportation management system occupies an important place in the contemporary arena as it assists in the smooth, exact and qualitative movement of goods to the aspired destinations. The present research work highlights some of the key processes adopted for transportation management system in 44 small scale firms operating in District Udhampur of JKdecision", "Transportation execution", "Measurement" and "Transportation follow-up". The results of the ranking table revealed that the variable "Planningadecision making" attained rank, "Transportation execution" attained rank second. Third rank is obtained by the variable "Measurement" and rank fourth was gained by the variable "Transportation follow-up". Further, the results of the linear hierarchal regression revealed that proper planning and decision making leads to effective transportation management system in small scale firms.


In this degree project, the evaluation of different physicochemical tests was carried out in order to determine the properties of a grout formulated with non-toxic organic powders based on nanotechnology, these being the density of the grout using a pressurized balance, the compressive strength by means of the SGSA equipment (non-destructive test), the pumpability time, that is, the setting time, by means of a pressurized consistometer, the test of free water using a 250 ml test tube, the loss of fluid through a filter press called Fluid loss and rheological properties such as gel stress, plastic viscosity and yield point, using a rotational viscometer consisting of 6 speeds; 600 RPM, 300 RPM, 200 RPM, 100 RPM, 6 RPM and 3 RPM.


Abstract Since 1981 research in the Santa Maria Basin, an area of seasonally dry forest on the Pacific coast of Panama, has shown that collating environmental records with regional archaeological surveys enables us to identify small dispersed populations in New World tropical forests. Original multiple working hypotheses are reevaluated. Data show that: 1) the watershed has been occupied continuously since 11,000 BP; 2) population increases took place c. 7000 and 2500 BP; 3) domestication of some native tubers occurred before 7000 BP; 4) maize, introduced 7000–5000 BP, was extensively cultivated by sedentary communities by 2500 BP; 5) forest degradation took place earlier on stony hillslopes than in flatter colluvial zones; and 6) coastal resources, first visible at 8600 BP, became important between 7000 and 3500 BP.


Satellite network is becoming an important component of 6G and future networks for seamless coverage. Each satellite is generating a large amount of data based on their rich sensors, e.g. images, but the data from different satellite may not be gathered in some cases for performance improvement of deep learning task due to processing capability and privacy problems. Federal learning (FL) is a decentralized data collaboration solution without data exposure. But exchange of model parameters poses heavy network traffic between satellites. Ensemble learning (EL) is a popular method to improve task performance by collaborating diverse base leaners, and it has been initially proved to be effective for data collaboration. Since only the inference result is exchanged between clients, EL enables easier deployment of data collaboration than FL with dramatic decreasing of network traffic. At present, the performance of EL based data collaboration has not been well studied. In this paper, we compare the performance of FL and EL based data collaboration systems for different data division scenarios. Experiment results show that EL based scheme can achieve close or higher performance than FL based scheme for small number of clients with some data sharing.


An absolute absorption cross section of benzene was measured with a spectrometer system including a mono-chrometer and a grating in the wavelength region of under the atmospheric pressure and room temperature in the laboratory. A certificated reference benzene gas ( in ) was used to measure its absorption cross section. A 710 mm cell with a quartz window and a 150 W Xe arc lamp were employed. The magnitude of absorption cross section of was lower than that of the reference spectra () of high resolution spectrometer, Total measurement uncertainty was estimated to be 4.0%.


The Microelectromechanical sensors are finding increasing applications in everyday life. However, each MEMS sensor is generally fabricated on its own individual process. This leads to high cost per sensor. It has been suggested the MEMS should and would follow the path of integrated circuits industry, wherein fabless firms could concentrate on design leading pure-foundries to perfect the manufacturing process. With several designs being manufactured on the same process, the installation cost of fabrication would be evenly shared. Simultaneously, multiple project wafer runs are being offered for MEMS processes to encourage design activity in universities as well as startups. This paper reviews the present state of this transition through an experience of designing and manufacturing microelectromechanical resonators on different processes.


The introduction of SiGe channel pMOSFETs for high mobility devices is expected to enhance the impact ionization phenomenon, making it necessary to study Hot Carrier (HC) degradation also for the p-channel MOSFET reliability. The study of pure HC effects on pMOSFETs is complicated due to the mixing with Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI). In the first part of this work the interaction of the two degradation mechanisms is studied thoroughly on Si devices with the extended measure-stress-measure (eMSM) technique which is capable of capturing both the charge trapping and the interface state creation components of the degradation. HC degradation is shown to enhance interface state creation, while eventually reducing the charge trapping w.r.t. standard NBTI. These experimental results are supported by MEDICI simulations. The second part of the paper focuses on the HC reliability of Si0.45Ge0.55 pMOSFETs. These devices show enhanced degradation w.r.t. their Si counterparts, confirming the importance of studying HC effects for the reliability of this technology. Nevertheless, the SiGe device reliability can be enhanced when reducing the thickness of the Si cap.


This article presents a reflection on the work with interdiscursive elements in the classroom through the journalistic genre. It starts from the idea of text as a linguistic-historical object that performs the discursiveness that constitutes it. Thus, it is believed that the relationship between discourse and historical context is inseparable. Moreover, according to the assumptions of the discourse analysis, the journalistic genre is constituted as the form of interdiscursive networks. Thus, the objective is to understand how interdiscursivity affects the effects of meaning and how the specificities of journalistic work aid in the analysis of the relations and effects that discursive practice demonstrates in the elaboration and understanding of the text.


Octadecanol modified multiple-walled carbon nanotubes, with octadecanol covalently bound to the nanotube surface, have been synthesized by bromination of the carbon nanotubes followed by nucleophilic substitution using octadecanol and sodium hydride. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that the morphologies of the nanotubes are largely intact after functionalization. The brominated carbon nanotubes and octadecanol modified carbon nanotubes were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution was discussed, and it is believed that the reaction occurs with an SN1 mechanism.


The invention discloses a preparation method of low grass flavor mulberry leaves and products thereof. The preparation method is simple and composed of the following steps: picking up fresh mulberry leaves, spreading out the fresh mulberry leaves to form a layer with the thickness of 10-15cm, airing the fresh mulberry leaves, until the water content is 68-72 wt%, so as to form pre-processed mulberry leaves; fixing the mulberry leaves at 280-330 DEG C for 0.5-1.5 minutes; dropping the temperature of the mulberry leaves to 20-30 DEG C; drying the mulberry leaves at 90-130 DEG C, until the water content is 15-20 wt%; rolling, sieving, and collecting the mulberry leaf flaps; finally drying the mulberry leaf flaps at 80-120 DEG C, until the water content is 2-7 wt%, so as to form the low grass flavor mulberry leaves. The low grass flavor mulberry leaves are formed into the flap shape, and fresh green without bones and muscles; the tea soup smells fragrant, looks fresh green and bright, and tastes smooth and cool, and leaf bases are clear green and regular, thus the low grass flavor mulberry leaves are very popular among consumers.


Objective To report a case of Castleman's disease with hair cell hyperplasia,and discuss the clinical features of Castleman's disease by reviewing the literatures.Methods and Results The bone marrow was examined by electron microscope,the patient with hair cell hyperplasis,was misdiagnosed for hair cell leukemia.Interferon wasn't effective.After the mass in left lower quadrant was cut, the pathologic histology confirmed as hyaline vascular type of Castleman's disease.Followed up for 12 years after operation.The blood picture and bone marrow picture is normal.Conclusion The clinical appearance of Castleman's disease is diversified,it is easy to misdiagnosis.The case presents typical hair cell hyperplasia in bone marrow.The prognosis of the disease is good,there is no recrudescence after the Castleman's mass is cut out.


The representative biomimetic sampling technology is the triolein-filled semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD) , in which hydrophobic organic pollutants could be accumulated in the similar way as that in fish. In the study, SPMD and goldfish ( Crassius auratus) were simultaneously exposed to nine weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics in a laboratory continuous-flow experimental system. Our results showed that the accumulation of the nitroaromatics in SPMD and in fish was compared and good correlation between device concentration factor and the octanol/water distribution coefficients of the compounds. When exposing to the same concentration, the difference between device concentration factor and bioconcentration factor represents the characteristics of the enzymatic degradation of nitroaromatics in goldfish.


Background: Quality documentation of medication histories at the time of hospitaladmission with regard to accuracy and completeness is not documented at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), in Zambia. The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy and completeness of medication histories obtained in patients upon hospital admission. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the medical admission ward, University Teaching Hospital, over a period of 3months. Our study enrolled 322 patients admitted to this ward who were above 18 years of age and were able to communicate verbally, if not, were accompanied by a caregiver. Clinical records of these patients were screened to review allmedications the patient was taking and patients/caregivers were interviewed to obtain acomplete medication history. All information obtained from patients through interviews was compared with medications recorded in the patient's clinical records at the time of admission to the hospital. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 22 was used for all statistical calculations. Results: Of 287 clinical records, 175 (61%) incidents of inaccurate medication histories at the time of admission were identified and that medication histories in clinical records of patients were incomplete or poorly documented. Conclusion: Our study shows that 61% of medication histories in patients at the time of admission to hospitals are inaccurate. Quality documentation of medication histories in clinical records at the time of hospital admission is poor.


Figure 2: Respiratory-triggered Iopamidol CEST TSE imaging based on parallel RF transmission. (a) Selected saturation offset image (S0). Time series (pre-contrast until 20 minutes post-contrast) of the CEST effect at 4.2 ppm (b) and 5.5 ppm (c). pH maps (d) as obtained via the calibrated ratiometric method (masked for voxels with significant CEST contrast >1%). Figure 3: Analysis of the pH time course post-injection for right and left kidney (ROI covering the renal medulla and pelvis). IN VIVO HUMAN KIDNEY PH MAPPING AT 3T USING TIME-INTERLEAVED PARALLEL RF TRANSMISSION CEST Ivan E Dimitrov, Masaya Takahashi, Koji Sagiyama, A. Dean Sherry, and Jochen Keupp Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, United States, Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, Chemistry, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States, Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany


To probe the mechanism of brilliant red B degradation by contact glow discharge plasma in water,changes in dye structure during the treatment were studied by UV-Vis spectrometry,and the influences of initial pH and radical scavengers on the bleaching were examined.Experimental results showed that addition of tert-butyl alcohol enhanced while addition of H2O2 slightly inhibited the brilliant red B bleaching.Initial pH had little effect on the bleaching rate in the range from 7.0 to 11.0.Chemical oxygen demand of the solution increased gradually with increasing treatment time.UV-Vis spectra analyses showed that the reactive hydrogen atoms produced by plasma were the most likely species responsible for the azo-bond destruction and bleaching.


Abstract : This paper considers normal families M of functions that are analytic, locally univalent, and normalized in the unit disk. These families are assumed to satisfy a certain invariance property. The prime example is the family U of normalized univalent functions. Another example is the family of locally univalent p-valent functions. In the first part, general properties of these families are studied. For instance, the distortion theorems for U can be generalized to the families M. If the family M is of uniformly bounded characteristic (as ins U)(as is U) then a number of geometric properties can be established, several of which are new even for the case U. In the second part, the boundary behavior of functions in M is investigated, using a certain sequence of functions again in M. Several types of boundary behavior are described and studied. (Author)


A Michelson's interference experiment has been performed using a single-photon counting under the condition that at most one photon is present in the interferometer. A CW mode-locked Ar + laser has been employed as a light source. It has been found that the dependence of the visibility on the difference in the two arm lengths measured on a single-photon level is the same as that for the multi-photon interference experiment. This dependence and the distribution of the photon detection time measured simultaneously by a time-correlated single-photon counting method have been found to be explained well by assuming that all the photons in the mode-locked laser pulse examined have the same temporal and spectral characteristics. A quantum mechanical analysis of this kind of experiment is also presented.


The Channel Assignment Problem is an NP-complete problem to assign a minimum number of channels under certain constraints to requested calls in a cellular radio system. Examples of the many approaches to solve this problem include using neural-networks, simulated annealing, graph colouring, genetic algorithms, and heuristic searches. We present a new heuristic algorithm that consists of three stages: 1) determine-lower-bound cell regular interval assignment; 2) greedy region assignment; and 3) genetic algorithm assignment. Through simulation, we show that our heuristic algorithm achieves lower bound solutions for 11 of the 13 instances of the well known Philadelphia benchmark problem. Our algorithm also has the advantage of being able to find optimum solutions faster than existing approaches that use neural networks.


The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between teacher leadership behaviour and teacher efficacy. This study uses quantitative methods that apply the survey approach. The population of the study is 1398 primary school teachers in Kuala Nerus district, Terengganu. The sample consists of 130 teachers. Instructional study of leadership principals consists of 49 items. This instrument of principal's leadership behaviour consists of 49 items which measured using the five-point Likert scale. The teacher's self-efficacy dimension consists of three dimensions consisting of 12 overall items which measured using a nine-point Likert scale. The teacher's self-efficacy instrument has a Cronbach Alpha 0.92 coefficient and teacher leadership behavioural instrument 0.91. The data of this study were analysed by using inferential statistic i.e. correlation. The findings show that there is a significant and positive correlation between the principal's leadership behaviour with the level of self-efficacy of the teacher. The finding of this study explains that the principal's leadership behaviour is also seen as one of the catalysts acting as a medium to ensure teachers are always committed to performing their duties as educators and remain motivated throughout the service.


Mao 's Great Famine: The History of China 's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-1962, by Frank Dikotter. London: Bloomsbury, 2010. xvi + 420 pp. £25.00 (hardcover). For many elderly peasants living in Central China and Sichuan Province, the famine of the Great Leap Forward (1958-61) was the most devastating experience in their lifetime. The greatest famine in Chinese history caused between 15 and 45 million deaths.1 In recent years, several important books written by Chinese scholars have been published in Hong Kong on this topic.2 Frank Dikotter' s recent contribution is Mao 's Great Famine, the longest and most detailed English-language account of this tragic event. Dikotter's book is aimed at situating the famine as the "most deadly mass killing" in human history, since at least 45 million people were worked, starved or beaten to death. In contrast to other Western scholars, Dikotter managed to gain access to eleven provincial archives. This is a significant achievement, given that the archival system in China is highly restricted. Remarkably, about 80 per cent of his footnotes are based on these archival documents. However, if one is familiar with the research3 and expects a brand new interpretation of the famine, one will be disappointed. Dikotter's account reads like a long list of atrocities committed by Mao's regime against the Chinese people and bears the hallmarks of having been written in furious outrage. The polemic and emotional language of the book is clearly targeted at the general reader. The main arguments in the first part of the book on elite politics are reminiscent of Jasper Becker's popular monograph:4 the "madman" Mao Zedong mined the country during the Great Leap and ignored the famine because of dogmatism, selfishness and stupidity. The famine resulted in the collapse of the economy, agriculture and moral values. Offering more original insights are the chapters "Destruction", "Survival", "The Vulnerable" and "Ways of Dying", in which Dikotter reveals in great detail how people suffered, died or struggled to survive. Moreover, instead of seeing China as a disciplined, unitary Communist society, he believes that the famine created disintegration, "leaving people to resort to whatever means were available to survive" (p. xiv). Dikotter argues that people died mainly of hunger and not epidemics, as in many other previous famines (p. 275). While the famine is usually dated between 1959 and 1961, Dikotter argues that mass starvation had already begun in 1958 and that it lasted until 1962 in some parts of the country. Mao 's Great Famine also brings international relations and urban society into the debate. Furthermore, he shows that the Great Leap created a huge underclass of migrant workers who suffered under terrible working conditions. He writes that, in some cities, "human markets" (renshi shichang XM-^W) appeared, where day laborers offered their services in order to survive (p. 233). Some Chinese scholars have shown in local case studies that the establishment of the people's communes resulted in massive damage to peasant houses;5 Dikotter goes even further, and claims that the Great Leap was in effect the "greatest demolition of property in human history" (p. xi). Generalization of Local Examples Like other Western scholars, Dikotter had no access to the provincial archives of Henan and Anhui, which suffered most after Sichuan. Documents from Hunan, Gansu, Guangdong and Yunnan Provinces often serve as examples. Importantly, Dikotter is aware that even classified documents from provincial archives cannot present the "truth" and "we have little alternative but to view everyday life through the prism of the state" (p. 342). In "An Essay on the Sources", he claims to have read the sources "against the grain" and treated them carefully - it is quite remarkable that the publisher allowed him to include this essay on the sources, since most US university presses tend to "ban" methodological chapters from their academic publications. …


abstract:Few librarians have examined the implications of Rolf Norgaard's theory of "writing information literacy," a rhetoric-based concept that situates research practices in context. Because the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education emphasizes research as a social practice, it seems appropriate to revisit this idea. This article explores how interpretive conventions—communal rules and guidelines that coordinate rhetorical construction and interpretation of texts—are implicated in each frame of the Framework and constrain participation in scholarship. This perspective can inform collaborations between librarians and faculty to develop critical rhetorical awareness, enabling students to read and respond to the interpretive conventions of any context.


Thailand is known to be the home of 1 of the most successful and effective family planning programs in the world. The Population and Community Development Association (PDA) the largest non-governmental organization in Thailand has helped the country realize the need to combine maternal child health primary health and community development services with family planning. The PDA adopted the following basic strategy: 1) to introduce a community-based approach of family planning service provision at the grassroots level by utilizing indigenous personnel and indigenous channels of distribution and communication as an extension of and a supplement to the existing rural health services. The use of grassroots motivators coupled with a publicity campaign that includes promotional items such as t-shirts cigarette lighters and other novelty items emblazoned with family planning slogans has opened the eyes and minds of many Thais about family planning. This publicity builds upon 2 important aspects of Thai culture: 1) the Thais are a tolerant people known for their sense of humor and 2) Buddhism which is the religion of over 94% of the population is an important component of Thai culture. Today some 60% of all Thai couples practice some form of birth control; the role of PDA in this effort has been to provide all available methods of family planning to those people interested in obtaining the services. The most significant impact of PDA has been in its work to link family planning with development. The linkage of family planning to development is the most appropriate reaction to the reduced fertility rates that are the result of increased family planning use. As more families take control of their children they will be able to dedicate their resources to improving the quality of their lives rather than simply surviving with a family too large to adequately support.


This study aims to analyse how to improve financial reporting performance in regional organizations by utilizing financial information technology, organizational commitment, and work ability. The research was conducted at regional apparatus organizations with a total sample of 123 people. Data collection using a questionnaire with data analysis techniques through path analysis and Sobel test. The results showed; 1) The use of financial information technology has an insignificant effect on work ability and performance in preparing financial statements. 2) Organizational commitment has a positive and significant impact on work ability and performance in preparing financial reports in regional apparatus organizations. 3) Work ability has a positive and significant effect on financial reporting performance in regional apparatus organizations. the Financial application. A computer technology-based application system that can assist in processing various financial transaction data to produce output in the form of financial reports to support accountability for achieving regional government and can assist local governments in planning and budgeting. It


This study seeks to advance the understanding of the role of informal investors in the entrepreneurial process, something that up to date has received very limited attention. By analysing the life ...


The utility model relates to a cutting device part, in particular to a cut-off knife for radial type steel wire cutting machine, which comprises a cut-off knife body. The outer side of the cut-off knife body is provided with an adhesion prevention layer coated by a layer of laser. The utility model has simple structure; a cut film can not be adhered; product quality is ensured; a great number of material is saved; at the same time, the cutting speed of the cut-off knife is improved greatly; and the production efficiency is improved.


Conformal deformations of Riemannian metrics via "critical point theory at infinity": The conformally flat case with umbilic boundary by M. O. Ahmedou Cubic quasilinear wave equation and bilinear estimates by H. Bahouri and J.-Y. Chemin Ginzburg-Landau functionals, phase transitions and vorticity by F. Bethuel and G. Orlandi On the topology of conformally compact Einstein 4-manifolds by S.-Y. A. Chang, J. Qing, and P. Yang On loop spaces of configuration spaces, and related spaces by F. R. Cohen Global energy minimizers for free boundary problems and full regularity in three dimensions by L. A. Caffarelli, D. Jerison, and C. E. Kenig Stability and instability of the Reissner-Nordstrom Cauchy horizon and the problem of uniqueness in general relativity by M. Dafermos Nonlinear elliptic equations of critical Sobolev growth from a dynamical viewpoint by E. Hebey Hamiltonian formalisms for multidimensional calculus of variations and perturbation theory by F. Helein Revisit the topology of Sobolev maps by F. H. Lin Review on blow up and asymptotic dynamics for critical and subcritical gKdV equations by Y. Martel and F. Merle Recent advances in the global theory of constant mean curvature surfaces by R. Mazzeo On some properties of $S^1$-valued fractional Sobolev spaces by P. Mironescu Homoclinics for a semilinear elliptic PDE by P. H. Rabinowitz Vortices for Ginzburg-Landau equations: With magnetic field versus without by S. Serfaty and E. Sandier Some regularity problems of stationary harmonic maps by G. Tian.


In recent years, the need for software applications that can handle large amounts of rapidly varying and heterogeneous data has become greater and greater. We refer to these applications as data-intensive. They require a distributed software system to store and process the large amount of data, in order to exploit the resources of many interconnected computers. The research areas involved in this topic are mainly the database research area and the distributed systems and algorithms one. The former is the area that deals with storing and managing data developing databases and database management systems (DBMS), while the latter has the main focus on the creation of distributed platforms and algorithms to process and analyze large quantity of data. Among the most relevant journals1 and conferences2 related to the research topic, there are: • ACM SIGMOD Conference • ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems • ACM Transactions on Computer Systems • EuroSys the European Systems Conference • IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering • IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems • USENIX Annual Technical Conference • USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation • The VLDB Journal • VLDB Conference


OMV entering as a major shareholder of SNP PETROM, and all the advantages emerging of its inclusion in an European petroleum group, carrying on the efficientization and modernizing process of society, as well as the increase of oil prices and the demand for petroleum products on international markets are opportunities that may have positive influence over the future activity of the company.


Abstract Taking coal under hydro-mechanical coupling as the research object, the discrete element software PFC3D (particle flow code) was used to analyze the relationships among the force, acoustic emission (AE), and energy during coal fracture. Based on the moment tensor (MT) inversion, we revealed the AE event distribution and source type during crack initiation and propagation until the final failure of coal. Meanwhile, we examined the relationships among the stress, number and type of cracks, magnitude, KE, and b value of AE under different water and confining pressures. The results show that the numerical simulation can effectively determine the microscopic damage mechanism of coal under different conditions. Moreover, the rupture type of the numerical simulation is consistent with the field investigations, which verifies the rationality of the simulation. These research results can provide reference for safety production evaluation of water inrush mines. Highlights The relationships among stress, acoustic emission (AE), and energy during coal fracture under hydro-mechanical coupling loading were analyzed. Moment tensor reveals event distribution, source type change, and b value of AE during crack initiation and propagation in coal. The relationships among stress, number and type of cracks, AE, number of contacts and KE were revealed under different water and confining pressures.


Speech emotion recognition as a significant part has become a challenge to artificial emotion. It is particularly difficult to recognize emotion independent of the person concentrating on the speech channel. In the paper, an integrated system of hidden Markov model (HMM) and support vector machine (SVM), which combining advantages on capability to dynamic time warping of HMM and pattern recognition of SVM, has been proposed to implement speaker independent emotion classification. Firstly, all emotions are divided into two groups by SVM. Then, HMMs are used to discriminate emotions from each group. For a more robust estimation, we also combine four HMMs classifiers into a system. The recognition result of the fusion system has been compared with the isolated HMMs using Mandarin database. Experimental results demonstrate that comparing with the method based on only HMMs, the proposed system is more effective and the average recognition rate reaches 76.1% when speaker is independent.


Introduction Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of humans. Strongyloides infection is asymptomatic in more than 50 of all cases. While symptomatic infestation including hyperinfestation is seen commonly among immunocompromised patients, the infection is usually silent among immunocompetent individuals. Among Immunocompetent individuals the predominant symptom is an urtricarial skin rash with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Strongyloides infection presenting as intestinal malabsorption in an immunocompetent individual is rare, with only a few cases reported in literature.Case Presentation We report a case of malabsorption in a 16 yr old immunocompetent boy who presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. On evaluation Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed granular duodenal mucosa with scalloping of folds. Duodenal biopsy confirmed strongyloides stercoralis infection. He improved clinically after treatment with IvermectinConclusion Although rare, strongyloides stercoralis as a cause of malabsorption should be considered in an immunocompetent individual from the tropics.


The propagation of TeV–PeV cosmic rays (CR) in our Galaxy can be described as a diffusive process. We discuss here two effects, with important observational consequences, that cannot be predicted by the diffusion approximation in its usual form. First, we present an explanation for the CR anisotropies observed at small angular scales on the sky. We show that the local magnetic field configuration within a CR mean free path from Earth naturally results in CR flux anisotropies at small and medium scales Giacinti and Sigl (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 071101). Second, we point out that TeV–PeV CRs should be expected to diffuse strongly anisotropically in the interstellar medium on scales smaller than the maximum scale of spatial fluctuations of the field, ∼100 pc (Giacinti et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 261101, Giacinti G et al 2013 Phys. Rev. D 88 023010). This notably questions the usual assumptions on CR diffusion around sources.


The integration of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and inorganic constituents to generate multifunctional nanocomposites has attracted much attention because it couples the bright aggregate‐state fluorescence of AIEgens with the diverse imaging modalities of inorganic constituents. Herein, a facile and universal strategy to prepare metal–phenolic‐network (MPN)‐coated AIE dots in a high encapsulation efficiency is reported. Through precise control on the nucleation of AIEgens and deposition of MPNs in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures, termed as coacervation, core–shell MPN‐coated AIE dots with bright emission are assembled in a one‐pot fashion. The optical properties of MPN‐coated AIE dots can be readily tuned by varying the incorporated AIEgens. Different metal ions, such as Fe3+, Ti4+, Cu2+, Ni2+, can be introduced to the nanoparticles. The MPN‐coated AIE dots with a red‐emissive AIEgen core are successfully used to perform magnetic resonance/fluorescence dual‐modality imaging in a tumor‐bearing mouse model and blood flow visualization in a zebrafish larva. It is believed that the present study provides a tailor‐made nanoplatform to meet the individual needs of in vivo bioimaging.


The invention relates to a firing gear of a disposable guide type anorectal hemorrhoid anastomat. The firing gear is suitable for being matched with the disposable guide type anorectal hemorrhoid anastomat for use. The firing gear comprises a moving handle, a push pipe, a supporting rod, a fixed handle, a threaded rod and a moving block. The right end of the moving handle is movably connected with the push pipe by a second locating pin through a locating hole. The left end of the moving handle is movably connected with the right end of the supporting rod by a third locating pin through a locating hole. The left end of the supporting rod is movably connected with the fixed handle by a first locating pin through a locating hole. The moving block is fixed on the threaded rod by screws through a locating hole. When the firing gear is used, the moving handle is pressed, the left end, connected with the moving handle, of the supporting rod abuts against the moving block which is fixed on the threaded rod, the push pipe which is connected with the right end of the moving handle moves forwards, and then the firing movement is finished.


We report on a MEMS-based on-chip solid-immersion micromirror (SIM), which provides enhanced angular deflection and reduced diffraction loss. The SIM is driven by rotary comb-drive actuators. Maximum mechanical scan angle of 8 degree is achieved


The morphology of feeding appendages of the coexisting estuarine copepods, Pseudodiaptomus hessei and Acartia longipatella, and mysids, RhopalophthafmU5 terranatalis and Mesopodopsis wooldridgei, were examined and compared as an aid in elucidating dietary differences. The robust mandibles of P. hessel copepodids com· pared to the more painted and slender teeth with no molar region, of A. fong;patella suggest that the latter spe cies relies on more tragile food particles. Mandible edge indices indicate, however, omnivorous feeding by both species. No clear dietary differences could be deduced from the dimensions of the second maxillae of these copepods. Mandible edge indices calculated for the mysid species suggest a more herbivorous feeding mode in M. wooldridgei and a more carnivorous one in R. terranatalis, supporting previous studies on their diets. No interspecific differences between the mysid size classes were evident from edge indices. Significant increments in setae and setule lengths and spacing with increasing mysid size class were evident, reflecting differences in food particle sizes utilized. The morphological differences in the feeding apparatus could reflect differences in the diets between species and indicate diHerences in food particle sizes utilized by the various developmental stages within species. These differences in diet should reduce inter- and intraspecific competition. Die morfologie die voedingsapparaat kopepoda-spesies, Pseudodiaptomus hessei Acartia longi patella mysidacea-spesies, Rhopalophthalmus terranatalis Mesopodopsis wooldridgei


The genetic differentiation,gene flow,the relationship between geographical distance and genetic differentiation among seven indigenous goat populations in south of China were estimated using 23 microsatellites.The trees were constructed from DC distances and the data were analyzed by STRUCTURE(Ver 2.0).The global heterozygote excess across all populations(Fit) amounted to-7.73%(P0.001).The overall significant(P0.001) excess of heterozygotes within populations amounted to-26.5%.The 7 goat populations were highly differentiated(Fst= 14.84%,P0.001) at all loci,which indicated that 14.84% of the total genetic variation came from breed differences,and the remaining 85.16% came from differences among individuals in each population.The average number of effective migrants exchanged per generation(Nem) ranged from 0.831 3(Yichang White goat and Huanghuai goat) to 3.410 3(Matou goat and Xiangdong Balck goat),and the average value was 1.577 0.No significant positive relationships between the level of genetic differentiation and geographical distance,genetic distances among 7 goat populations were detected.With the application of prior population information,cluster analysis by STRUCTURE(Ver.2.0) achieved posterior probabilities 99.1%,98%,96.2%,96.6%,98.7%,98.7% and 98.7% of correctly assigning sampling populations to different inferred cmusters for Yichang White goat,Matou goat,Xiangdong Balck goat,Fuqing goat,Daiyun goat,Huanghuai goat and Yangtse River Delta White goat,respectively.The inferred clusters by STRUCTURE were similar with the trees constructed from DC distances.From the results it indicated that the reason for the genetic differentiation among seven indigenous goat populations in south of China is natural selection.


PURPOSE: A highly airtight structure of a window is provided to maintain performance of usage and to ensure airtightness by blocking the flow of air between the rails of a window frame and a window still. CONSTITUTION: A highly airtight structure of a window comprises a horizontal airtight unit, a vertical airtight unit, and a blocking member. A support stand(150) in which horizontal airtight members(151,219) are installed between the internal and external rails of a horizontal frame in a window frame. A protrusion part(223) is equipped with a vertical airtight member(229) inside vertical frame in the window frame. A space is formed between an inner vertical frame and the protrusion member in the top of the support stand. The blocking member is installed in the top of the support stand.


Berry and his colleagues have recently described their interesting and excellent experimental work in the pig (Berry et al., Patterson 1974a; Berry et al., 1974b). However, I would point out that they have not used the NSD concept correctly when calculating equivalent biological effects. Two factors must be borne in mind: (1) The formula applies to 60Co therapy and the corresponding doses for 250 kV X-radiation must be obtained by multiplying by 0·9. (2) The partial tolerance principle must be used in calculating ret doses.


After repeated passive stretching, tendinous tissue compliance increases in the human soleus (SOL) muscle–tendon unit. During movement, such changes would have important consequences for neural and mechanical stretch responses. This study examined the existence of such effects in response to a 75 min walking intervention. Eleven healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at 4 km h−1 with a robotic stretch device attached to the left leg. Ultrasonography was used to measure SOL fascicle lengths, and surface EMG activity was recorded in the SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Perturbations of 6 deg were imposed at three different measurement intervals: Pre (immediately before the walking intervention), Mid (after approximately 30 min of walking) and Post (immediately after the intervention). Between the Pre–Mid and Mid–Post intervals, subjects walked for 30 min at a gradient of 3%. After the intervention, the amplitude and velocity of fascicle stretch both decreased (by 46 and 59%, respectively; P < 0.001) in response to a constant external perturbation, as did short (33%; P < 0.01) and medium (25%; P < 0.01) latency stretch reflex amplitudes. A faster perturbation elicited at the end of the protocol resulted in a recovery of fascicle stretch velocities and short latency reflex amplitudes to the pre‐exercise values. These findings suggest that repeated stretching and shortening of a muscle–tendon unit can induce short‐term structural changes in the tendinous tissues during human walking. The data also highlight the effect of these changes on neural feedback from muscle sensory afferents.


Professional tennis players competing at the Challenger Tour level were interviewed to further understanding of how professionals perceive their advancement. Results showed athletes make extensive commitments to facilitate advancement. Commitments that likely impact their career options after tennis. Implications and suggestions for moving forward are discussed.


Introduction: An increasing body of literature indicates that adult recipients of the hybrid cochlear implant have more accurate perception of speech in background noise and salient structures of music (e.g., pitch, timbre) than recipients of conventional long electrodes (LE). Improved perception of pitch and melody is a function of preserved low-frequency hearing. Children and adolescents who have a high-frequency hearing loss, but who have considerable low-frequency hearing are participating in an FDA trial to evaluate the outcomes of a hybrid device (L24) with a younger population. To date, little is known regarding the efficacy of hybrid devices in an adolescent population, especially with regard to music perception.


A 52-year-old man was re-admitted two weeks after recovering from severe COVD-19 following a 3-days history of cough and worsening shortness of breath. The chest radiograph showed a large right-sided pneumothorax. The first attempt at drainage, performed through a large bored tube, failed. Due to the large dimension of the pneumothorax, and the lung condition (extensive consolidation and diffuse bullous dystrophies), the only thoracic surgical approach prospected was a pneumonectomy. Willing to preserve the lung, the pulmonology team attempted a multi-phase medical-oriented strategy based on medical thoracoscopy. Therefore, the patient underwent 5 chest tube insertions, 2 talc pleurodesis, and an intrapleural blood patch. Air leakage resolution was progressively achieved, and the patient became asymptomatic.             We strongly encourage a medical thoracoscopic approach for the patient presenting with recurrent pneumothorax in order to ensure complete lung re-expansion and preserve lung parenchyma.


The synthesis of a variety of α-acetoxy carbonyl compounds is efficiently achieved by lead tetraacetate mediated oxidative ring opening of various 2,3-epoxy primary alcohols.


The paper presents a model of cerebellum with long-loop force feedback and gains scheduling so as to demonstrate the control of human upright balance.The model consists mostly of two parts,i.e.cerebrum and cerebellum.The cerebellar component of the controller is represented by two sets of gains that provide linear scaling of same-joint and interjoint long-loop stretch responses between ankle,knee and kip.Whereas the cerebral component of the model composes a single set of same-joint liner force feedback gains.The paper,however,proposes that the cerebellum switches control gain sets as a function of sensing human body kinematics state.By means of simulation,the model illustrates that stabilized hybrid long-loop feedback with scheduling of linear gains may afford realistic balance control in the absence of explicit internal dynamics models and suggests that the cerebellum and cerebral cortex may contribute to the balance control via such mechanism.


To meet the need of knowledge economy, librarians must enhance their quality. They must have a strong sense of creation and development and the spirit of devotion to their work. A librarian must be a versatile person as well as a specialist. The training of librarians facing knowledge economy involves the adjustments in the use of manpower, postschool education and the reform of library informatics education in colleges and universities.


Presentation of Case A 21-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a persistent rash on her elbow. The patient was well until five weeks earlier, shortly before the end of a six-month stay in Costa Rica, when she became aware of a skin lesion on the right elbow. One day after her return to Massachusetts she consulted her physician. Physical examination showed a localized rash (Fig. 1 and 2), 5 or 6 cm, on a crusted extensor surface of the elbow; a shallow ulcerated area in the center was irregularly rounded and had raised margins; several discrete satellite lesions . . .


In this paper, a distributed stochastic approximation based estimation algorithm is proposed to estimate the parameter in heterogeneous linear time-varying models associated with sensors from a network. At any time, each agent updates its estimate using the local observations and the information derived from its neighboring agents. The estimates are shown to converge to the one that minimizes the long run average of the square residuals. Switch of the communication graphs is assumed to be deterministic, and the regressors of the linear models are assumed to satisfy some ergodic property, rather than the conditional independence or strict stationarity. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the obtained theoretic result.


This research takes off by giving an introduction to the wonderful world of the chemically very diverse cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs). This family of compounds is biosynthetically produced by an extreme variety of natural organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which can be found all over the world. CDPs exhibit multiple biological activities, serving as interesting drug leads for the development of medicines. For the first time a classification system for CDPs was introduced. Some CDPs synthesised by fungi, however, can also be toxic and are potentially harmful. In scientific literature, there is a lack of a clear definition for these so-called mycotoxins, although very important for risk analyses. Therefore, we presented a new, quantitative expressed 'mycotoxin' definition, by means of the philosophical concept of explication. Recently, beauvericin and enniatins are recognised as 'emerging' mycotoxins. Exposure to these CDPs should not be considered as trivial, given their potential biological effects and presence as food and feed contaminants. Subsequent to the successful development of a bioanalytical method for the determination of beauvericin and enniatins in diverse matrices, their kinetic transport across the skin, oral mucosal and blood-brain barrier was quantitatively evaluated. Finally, a pharmaceutical preparation, containing enniatins as active ingredient and used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, was investigated. Because of the negative risk-benefit ratio, we questioned its use in these innocent respiratory infections. For the same reason, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has very recently endorsed the recall of these medicines from the European market.


The causes of small firm growth remain a puzzle for researchers. Some empirical regularities are evident, such as growth ambitions are linked to growth outcomes; however, this paper takes a further...


ZnS:Fe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by a simple liquid‐solid‐solution (LSS) method and the influence of ZnS shell thickness on the optical properties of ZnS:Fe/ZnS NCs was investigated. The crystalline and optical properties of ZnS:Fe/ZnS core/shell NCs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectrometer and FT‐IR spectrometer, respectively. It was found that the ZnS:Fe/ZnS core/shell NCs are highly crystalline and show zincblende structure with an average particle size of about 7 nm. The lattice constants of the ZnS:Fe/ZnS NCs decrease slightly by the introduction of Fe, and the Fe dopants were well doped into the ZnS:Fe/ZnS NCs, as confirmed by XPS. Compared to the pure ZnS:Fe NCs, the ZnS:Fe/ZnS core/shell NCs exhibited significantly enhanced luminescence properties. A red‐shift can be observed in the absorption and PL spectra as the ZnS shells thickened.


Dental implants in partially edentulous patients are a predictable therapeutic option. In patients with reduced bone volume, tooth-to-implant connected prostheses have been described as a treatment option. In this systematic review, the incidence of biologic and technical complications and the long-term survival rates of tooth-implant supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) are analyzed. In cases where a natural tooth is connected with an implant to support a FPD, a rigid connection should be preferred.


Experiments were conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants after treatment with the glycoprotein elicitor CSB I, purified from ZC13, a race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The interactions of two near isogenic lines of rice, C101A51 and CO39, with ZC13 resulted in completely incompatible and compatible types, respectively. Proteins were extracted from rice leaves at 12 and 24 h after treatment with CSB I. Temporal changes in total proteins were examined using 2‐DE. Among more than 900 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 11 were up‐regulated, three were down‐regulated and seven were newly induced during, at a minimum, one time point. Twenty‐one differentially expressed proteins were identified by linear ion trap quadrupole (LTQ)‐MS/MS. The identified proteins were classified into six categories based on their putative function reported: (i) defense proteins (PR‐10a, PR‐5 and putative salt‐induced protein), (ii) signal transduction (nucleoside diphosphate kinase and putative profilin), (iii) ROS (Mn‐SOD, Cu/Zn‐SOD, GST and CAT), (iv) programmed cell death (translationally controlled tumor protein), (v) molecule biosynthesis (putative ribosomal protein S5, putative ribosomal protein L12, putative translational elongation factor Tu and putative chaperonin 21 precursor) and (vi) metabolism (putative fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase class‐I, putative malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, putative acid phosphatase, putative transketolase1 and gamma hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase‐like protein). All of these proteins (except Cu/Zn‐SOD, putative acid phosphatase and translationally controlled tumor protein) were induced faster and to a higher degree in C101A51 than in CO39. These data suggest that the incompatible rice line may possess a more sensitive recognition system that can identify and react to specific chemical, biological or physical triggers in a more efficient manner, thus eliciting an early and fast defense response.