The effect of water flow rate was evaluated on the microbial mats efficiency to remove total ammonia nitrogen (TAN, NH4 -N+ NH3-N), nitrite (N-NO2 ), nitrate (N-NO3 ) and orthophosphate (P-PO4 ) in a pilot recirculation system for the culture of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four water flow rates were evaluated during 40 days: 5.2 ± 0.3 (A), 6.6 ± 1.3 (B), 8.4 ± 0.3 (C), and 12.2 ± 0.7 (D) L min. The concentrations of TAN and nitrites were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the higher flow treatments (C and D) and always showed values below 0.6 mg L and 0.7 mg L, respectively. The concentrations of nitrate increased in all treatments through the experimental period; however, the concentrations were statistically higher in treatments with higher flow rate (7.1 mg L). Orthophosphate removal was not significantly different between treatments (P > 0.05). No differences in the removal of orthophosphate between treatments (P > 0.05) were found, and their concentration in the culture systems reached values of 4.63 ± 0.76 mg L. The growth rate of shrimp remained close to the expected value of 0.7 g week. This study showed that the water flow rate has a significant effect on the microbial mats capacity for the bioremediation of ammonium and nitrite in recirculating systems. It is recommended to continue with the identification of other variables that could affect the optimal functioning of microbial mats in RAS.


Photonic hook (PH) is a new type of non-evanescent light beam with subwavelength curved structures. It has shown promising applications in super-resolution imaging and has the potential to be used in micromachining, optical trapping, etc. PHs are generally produced by illuminating mesoscale asymmetric particles with optical plane waves. In this work, we used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to investigate the PH phenomenon under point-source illumination. We found that the PHs can be effectively generated from point-source illuminated patchy particles. By changing the background refractive index, particle diameters and the position and coverage ratio of Ag patches, the characteristics of the PHs can be effectively tuned. Moreover, the structure of the intensity distribution of the light field generated from small and large particles can have an opposite bending direction due to the near-field light-matter interaction.


Educational data mining (EDM) is an emerging interdisciplinary research area concerned with analyzing and studying data from academic databases to better understand the students and the educational settings. In most of the Asian countries, it is a challenging task to perform EDM due to the diverse characteristics of the educational data. In this study, we have performed students' educational performance prediction, pattern analysis and proposed a generalized framework to perform rigorous educational analytics. To validate our proposed framework, we have also conducted extensive experiments on a real-world dataset that has been prepared by the transcript data of the students from the Marketing department of a renowned university in Bangladesh. We have applied six state-of-the-art classification algorithms on our dataset for the prediction task where the Random Forest model outperforms the other models with accuracy 94.1%. For pattern analysis, a tree diagram has been generated from the Decision Tree model.


Objective – the study is aimed to compare the cardiovascular endurance level between sedentary normal and sedentary overweight young females. Background - Most of the previous study emphasizes on the fitness level and BMI, sedentary lifestyle and BMI, physical activity and causes for mortality and obesity. However there is significantly less studies done on the comparison of cardiovascular endurance level between sedentary normal and sedentary overweight young females. Design – Exploratory study Methods – 15 people with normal BMI (group A) and 15 overweight people (group B) aged between 20 – 29 years is conveniently selected. The entire participant underwent an exercise testing on treadmill based on modified Bruce protocol and time at terminal point of exercise is noted. The VO2max is then calculated using prediction formula by Bruce (4.38*T-3.9). Result – There were no significant difference noted between both groups with p > 0.05. The mean difference of VO2max is only 1.67 ml/kg/min between the groups. Conclusion – The result of this study suggest that people with similar age and living sedentary life have approximately similar VO2max level despite of their BMI.


ABSTRACT We enter the group and, to some degree make choices in what we observe and focus on, and how we participate and make our presence known. Unavoidably, and with limited control, we are thrust into a public position of witness and witnessed. Witnessing deals with the impact of embracing experience beyond observing and participating–the uncertain consequence of coming to know and becoming known. It is specifically the axis of personal growth and transformation around which a dynamically oriented group process rotates with our leadership. Discussion and two case examples illustrate its key features and the role members and therapist play in fostering this process.


Under the background of "Internet plus" mode, education enterprise in China is constantly reforming, and the traditional teaching mode cannot meet the development needs of modern education. In recent years, the combination of traditional teaching mode and network multimedia technology with blending teaching mode have been applied gradually, which can inspire students' learning interest and initiative, improve learning vitality and fun, at the same time improve the quality of student learning, which is of great significance for the cultivation of the students' English language ability. This paper analyzes the concept and function of college English blending teaching mode in network environment and discusses its implementation measures.


The angular momentum projection technique is worked out for systems with an intrinsic asymmetric deformation. These include asymmetric top molecules and triaxial nuclei. A parameterisation of the rotation group is introduced which allows an approximate but analytical evaluation of angular momentum projected matrix elements. Via symmetric orthonormalisation a quantal definition of the moments of inertia is obtained.


In order to improve the controllability and stability of the isolation switch breaking test for mine and to improve the intelligence level of the test and inspection device, the software program of the motor mechanism control system was developed based on PLC. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the operation mechanism of mine isolation switch breaking test, the demand of mine isolation switch breaking test control system is put forward. Based on cx-one 4.2 software and ladder diagram language, the control software program of motor mechanism is developed. The practical application shows that the software runs well and lays a foundation for the development of intelligent inspection technology.


Introduction: Both ETV-2 and HGF factors are known to be important factors which trigger neo-angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo models. This study aimed to treat hindlimb ischemia in mice by co-injection of ETV-2 and HGF viral vectors.
Methods: ETV-2 and HGF vectors were prepared per previous publications. The mouse ischemic hindlimb model was performed by ligating and burning the artery at the hindlimb. ETV-2 and HGF viral vectors were co-injected into the ligated and burnt sites.
Results: The results showed that co-injection of the vectors significantly improved angiogenesis as well as reduced leg loss in mice compared to placebo treatment. The percentage of mice who succumbed to ischemia was also significantly reduced compared to control.
Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests a potential impact of combining ETV-2 and HGF to treat angiogenesis. Use of ETV-2 and HGF viral vectors can be a promising therapy for ischemia treatment in the future.


In this paper we consider the p)roblem of using reduced order dynamic compensators to control a class of nonlinear parabolic distributed parameter systems. We concentrate on a system wi)hl unbounded input and output operators governed by Burgers' equation. We use a linearized model to compute loworder-finite-dimensional control laws by minimizing certain energy functionals. We then apply these laws to the nonlinear model. Standard approaches to this p)roblem employ model/controller redurtion techniques in conjunction with LQG theory. The approach used here is based on the finite-dimensional Bernstein/Hyland optimal projection theory which yields a fixed-finite-order controller. 'Supported in part I)y the Air Force Office of Scientific Research unider (rant, F-4962092-J-0078, the National Science Foundation under (Grant INT-89-2249 anid by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under (Contract Nos. NASI-19180 and NAS1-18605 while the author was in residence atr the Institute for (Coniueter Applications in Science and Engineering (l( ASE), NASA Langley Research (enter, Hampton, VA 23681-0001. 2Supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under (;rant F-4962092-J-0078. Optimal Fixed-Finite-Dimensional Compensator


Launched during Berkeley Says No to Torture Week [1], October 10-16, 2010, this coalition includes members of several local, regional and national organizations who oppose the use of torture and who demand that Guantánamo Bay prison be closed with justice. See story and videos from one of the week's forums here [2]. Read the group's resolution here. [3] Because of the efforts of Berkeley No More Guantanamos and the Berkeley Peace and Justice Commission, the Berkeley City Council passed a Resolution to close Guantanamo and welcome cleared Gitmo detainees to settle in Berkeley at private expense. One of the detainees, Djamel Ameziane, was actually released in 2014. Thank you for lobbying President Obama and Congress to release Djamel and the other detainees who have been cleared for release but who are still being held at Guantanamo. And help the Berkeley group bring Chef Djamel Ameziane [4] from Guantanamo to live in Berkeley! Cynthia Papermaster, Director, Berkeley No More Guantanamos


Wireless sensor networks are an easy target for report fabrication attack, where compromised sensor nodes can be used by an adversary to flood the network with bogus/false reports. En-route filtering is a mechanism where intermediate forwarding nodes identify and drop false reports while they are being forwarded toward the sink. Most of the existing en-route filtering schemes are probabilistic, where sensor nodes in each cell share secret keys with a fixed probability with intermediate nodes. Thus, forwarded reports are verified probabilistically by intermediate nodes, because of which false reports can travel several hops before being dropped. Few deterministic en-route filtering schemes have also been proposed in the literature, but all such schemes require a source to send the reports through a fixed path to reach the sink. In this paper, we propose a novel deterministic en-route filtering scheme based on a combinatorial design to overcome the above-mentioned limitations of the existing schemes. The use of combinatorial design-based keys ensures direct communication between all the sensor nodes while maintaining low key storage overhead in the network. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme notably performs better than the existing schemes in terms of the expected filtering position of false reports. Furthermore, the proposed scheme improves data authenticity in the network and is more buoyant to selective forwarding and report disruption attacks.


FIELD: power industry. SUBSTANCE: fuel assembly of a fission nuclear reactor has a possibility of controlled removal of volatile products of nuclear fission and heat released by a combustion wave in a nuclear reactor. A fuel assembly includes a casing that can contain porous mass of nuclear fuel with a nuclear fission volatile product. A fluid medium control subassembly is connected to the casing and can control a removal process of at least some part of nuclear fission volatile products from porous mass of nuclear fuel. Besides, the fluid medium control subassembly has a possibility of circulation of the fluid medium releasing the heat through porous mass of nuclear fuel for removal of the heat produced by nuclear fuel mass. EFFECT: providing deep burnout of fuel and sustained campaign. 36 cl, 213 dwg


ABSTRACT Feedback is an essential aspect of enhancing learning. Most studies have used traditional research methods to capture students' perceptions of effective feedback. Little attention has been paid to what emotions are triggered by feedback and when these emotions are elicited. This paper explored feedback using an electronic log (e-log) to capture multiple feedback events experienced by international students. These events were then explored in a semi-structured interview. An account of the development and implementation of the e-log is included in this paper. Using an interpretivist approach, we analysed students' emotional responses to feedback. The role of emotions in feedback and learning is studied from a socio-cultural perspective. Findings revealed students had a range of complex and dynamic emotional responses to feedback. Three case studies are presented to further explore this complexity. Students' emotions were associated with the self, information on feedback messages, or lack of familiarity with feedback practices. Emotions triggered by feedback influenced students' practices and construction of their new identity in the new academic environment.


In this essay in comparative analysis five historically and culturally distinct cases of elite higher education are presented as imperfect realisations of the ideal of academic freedom – medieval universities, early Islamic madrasas, Ottoman palace schools, French grandes ecoles and "modern world class research universities". Special attention is given to the complexities of the French system of higher education and research. It is seen as a bridge between older forms of elite higher education and the quest for international research excellence characterising the current age of mass higher education.


This study presents a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of the expression of future temporal reference (FTR) in two related varieties of Gallo-Romance, French and Gascon, that find themselves in a situation of long-term language contact. In both languages, the inflected and periphrastic futures are used as alternative ways of expressing FTR; this study identifies the linguistic and social constraints that condition variability between the two forms in spontaneous speech data, with the aim of investigating bilateral grammatical transfer between French and Gascon. The discussion considers the ongoing grammaticalization of periphrastic constructions in both languages, as well as evidence for the existence of a bilingual grammatical system in which cognate variables in each language and constraints on variability are stored in the same abstract mental representation.


Evaluation of auto restricted zones (ARZ) discussed) has centered on the impacts of auto restriction on retail sales, concentration of air pollutants, reduction of noise levels and other similar indicators. Thus, although transportation-related objectives are an integral part of any ARZ project, analysis has been concentrated in other areas.


Introduction: Variations in rectus sheath formation have been reported with little realization of its importance to the laparoscopic surgeons doing total extra-peritoneal preperitoneal (TEPP) hernioplasty. Observation of complete rectus sheath during laparoscopic mesh hernioplasty for inguinal hernia through TEP approach and its surgical implication are presented here. Materials and Methods: Setting - Elective. Location for the study - J. N. Medical College and Hospital, A. M. U., Aligarh. Study design - Prospective with effective from April 2010 to August 2013. Study population - Adults (≥18 years). Data collection - Instant documentation and video recording. Method of analysis - All data were computed through on-line calculators (www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/and http://epitools.ausvet.com.au/). Results: Thirty-five TEPP hernioplasties were carried out in a period of 3 years. All patients were males, with an overall mean age of 48.7 ± 13.4 years. Posterior rectus sheath (PRS) was found complete in four patients with a mean age of 47.28 ± 09.74, and was associated with significantly increased surgical difficulties during the procedure. On Visual Analog Score, endoscopic vision was 4.3 ± 0.6 (4.0-5.5), and the ease of the procedure was 4.5 ± 0.8 (4.0-6.0) that is, both were less than satisfactory. Operating time was 3.1 ± 0.7 h (3.25-4.0). Out of four patients, peritoneal injury occurred in three patients, surgical emphysema in one patient, and postoperative seroma in one patient. Conclusions: PRS was complete in 11.43% of cases studied that was associated with an increased level of surgical difficulties and a higher rate of complications.


In this paper, using a structural var approach, we find that in Quebec and Canada, fiscal shocks and spending shocks are relatively persistent, spending shocks being more persistent. Output shocks are the most persistent of all shocks. Public spending generate more output in the short-run but the increase is more modest. Distorsive effects of taxes reduce output.


We propose a method for a straightforward characterization of the temporal shape of femtosecond pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet/soft X-ray spectral region. The approach is based on the presence of a significant linear frequency chirp in the pulse. This allows to establish an homothetic relation between the pulse spectrum and its temporal profile. The theoretical approach is reminiscent of the one employed by Fraunhofer for describing far-field diffraction. As an application, we consider the case of a seeded free-electron laser (FEL). Theory is successfully benchmarked with numerical simulations and with experimental data collected on the FERMI@Elettra FEL. The proposed method provides FEL users with an on-line, shot-to-shot spectro-temporal diagnostic for time-resolved experiments. New light sources generating extreme-ultraviolet/soft X-ray (XUV) femtosecond pulses are among the most powerful tools for investigating the fundamental properties of matter, in gas, liquid or solid-state phases [1–3]. In fact, short wavelength (i.e., high-energy) radiation allows to achieve atomic spatial resolutions and to probe core levels of atomic and molecular bound states. Short pulses are instead required for the study of ultra-fast chemical and physical reactions, allowing separate access to electron, spin and lattice relaxation constants. A large number of these studies rely on pump-probe techniques [4], in which two light pulses with adjustable time delay and different wavelengths are used to investigate the dynamics of a given process. For the success of such experiments, a detailed knowledge and a complete control of the spectro-temporal properties of light pulses are essential. This should include the possibility for users to monitor and control the spectro-temporal features of XUV femtosecond pulses in real time (i.e., during experiments). Nowadays, measuring the spectrum of XUV pulses is not an issue, whereas getting access to the temporal information is a more challenging task. Indeed, several methods have been proposed to measure the phase and shape of femtosecond pulses in the infrared, visible and near ultraviolet spectral ranges [5, 6]. However, in the XUV domain, the strong absorption of solid-state crystals does not enable non-linear optical effects on which temporal characterizations usually rely, making them significantly more difficult. Usually, the duration of XUV pulses is determined by means of cross-correlation schemes, based on the photo-ionization of an atomic gas by the measured XUV pulse, "dressed"by a time-delayed femtosecond infrared laser [7–9]. Based on this and other approaches, several methods have been developed for the temporal characterization of ultra-short pulses generated by single-pass free-electron lasers (FEL) [10–12] and high


This paper will first deal with the legal and social situation of Islam and Muslims in Austria and then turn to particular "troublesome issues" at the intersection of gender equality and ethnic/religious diversity. The public debate on Muslims particularly focuses on the notion "not willing to integrate" and in the assumption of "parallel societies". Hierarchical gender relations and "harmful traditions" such as veiling, female genital cutting, forced marriage and honour based violence recently became the centre of attention. We will show that the Austrian debate on these issues is shaped by the idea of "dangerous cultural difference" as something coming from outside and being concentrated in segregated Muslim enclaves. Despite the public authorities' rejection of the idea that Islam was responsible for "harmful traditions", legal as well as political measures in Austria not only combat violence against women but also fuel "cultural anxieties" between different ethnic and religious groups.


1. Female frog‐biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) eavesdrop on the nocturnal mating calls of their blood hosts – male frogs. Available data suggest variable degrees of specialisation among Corethrella‐host associations, with limited information on the mechanisms involved in host selection and partitioning on a community level.


Ionic channels play an important role in regulating the cell's membrane potential and internal charge. This paper will focus on a continuum model of the KcsA potassium channel. We will derive the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations in general and then provide computational solutions for a 1D KcsA channel using experimentally determined parameters. The solution to the PNP equations consists of the time-dependent charge densities of each ion, coupled with the electric potential. The results will be used to solve for the time-dependent current in the channel in response to different time-dependent voltage signals, which can be compared with experimental data. 36 Copyright © SIAM Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited


A combined oral contraceptive (OC, Restovar, Organon) containing 0.0375 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.75 mg lynestrenol was investigated. Various clinical and laboratory variables were studied in 164 women over 1376 treatment cycles. No pregnancies occurred. In common with other low-dose combined preparations, Restovar also caused some intermenstrual bleeding but acceptability was good in the majority of women. The frequency of general complaints was low. The estrogen-sensitive proteins, ceruloplasmin and transcortin, increased in proportion to the estrogen content of the preparation. The estrogen-androgen-sensitive proteins, sex hormone binding globulin, and thyroxin binding globulin, increased to a rather high level. Free testosterone decreased significantly. The elevation of sex hormone binding globulin level was accompanied by a decrease in free testosterone. The strong increases in sex hormone binding globulin and thyroxin binding globulin indicate that the preparation has a very low androgenic activity. The latter was confirmed in 2 women with initially low sex hormone binding globulin levels who showed a marked improvement in hirsutism and acne during treatment; this improvement was correlated with an increase in sex hormone binding globulin and decreased free testosterone levels.


Abstract With the re-election of Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu for another four-year term as prime minister of Israel there is a real danger that the peace process has reached an irrevocable impasse. It is argued that bold moves must be considered by the international community to breathe life back into the peace process. To coax Netanyahu into negotiations real pressure must be brought to bear on his government to respect the international consensus on Palestinian statehood and to halt settlement activity in occupied territory. To coax the Palestinian leadership back into a negotiation process with Israel, membership in the Commonwealth should be considered as a stepping stone to membership in the United Nations, to be followed by Israel's membership in the Commonwealth—but on condition that Israel agrees to abide by international law, and respect the international consensus on the two-state solution, completely freeze settlement activity, including in East Jerusalem, and on condition that Palestine agrees to enter into final status negotiations with Israel to conclude a peace treaty to resolve all remaining disputes.


Language is a vehicle for social values and ideologies that a man intends or attempts to express. Dramatic texts are one of the discursive practices that embody values and ideologies. What is expressed in dramatic text is deliberate because it is meant to affect other's values, trends and ideologies in one way or another. Such ideologies and values are not explicit. To bring them out requires putting language under scrutiny to unveil what is implied. The present study attempts to analyze a dramatic script entitled Advice to Iraqi Women by the British playwright Martin Crimp in an attempt to unveil the intended political ideologies underlying the text. The title reflects a political aspect embedded in the word "Iraqi" that brings to the mind the war broken out there at that time. Notwithstanding that the script is written in such an unusual manner that appears to the reader or the spectator to be domestic, familiar and free from any political indications. The model adopted in the analysis of Crimp's theatrical piece is that of van Dijk's macro and microstructure analysis within critical discourse analysis. Results have manifested the political ideologies that the writer intends to convey.  He attempted to bridge a gap and render the English society to be associated emotionally with the repercussions of the remote war by amalgamating what is familiar with what is unfamiliar.


Cloud computing creates a new opportunities for the development of virtual education. The goal of the paper is to analyze organizational, economic and legal aspects of cloud computing in the context of needs of virtual education. In addition, the article presents the identification and characteristic of these areas of virtual education, where the best way is to apply cloud computing technology, for instance teaching and distance learning, publishing, collaboration and social interaction (e.g. creation of documentation, presentation or communication). The paper presented examples of applications available in the cloud computing.


The present analytical methods of dynamic characteristics about curved pipes are introduced in brief.Interaction between pipe walls and fluid is achieved by using the finite element method and equations of the finite element method are presented.The impact velocity of the liquid at the end of the 90 degree curve pipe is initialized and research is done on the displacement property during the procedure of transient flow.In different stages of variable and stable flow velocity,the displacements of the nodes in the curved pipe wall in different directions of the coordinate axis are compared in different times under the study of two curved pipe models with both ends built in and fixed at one end.The variational trend and the positions of the maximum value of the displacement are estimated with time and velocity,the result can provide the references for the research and design of pipes and pipeline system.


Permeation experiments using pure hydrogen and sev eral mixtures of hydrogen, nitrogen, and methane were performed on a Pd-based membrane d eposited on a ceramic support. In particular, the permeance of pure hydrogen as well as binary and ternary mixtures containing also nitrogen and methane was measured using different f eed low-rates and H 2 concentrations, in a custom-built, tube-in-shell apparatus. The membrane s, supplied by NGK Insulator Ltd Japan, consisted of a 2.5 μm Pd-Ag layer deposited on a tu bular ceramic support. They showed extremely high hydrogen permeance and practically infinite se lectivity toward hydrogen. Permeability and permeance were calculated from the linear regressio n of pure hydrogen data, according to Sieverts' law; permeability at 673 K is 3.08 x10 -6 mol s m bar. Surprisingly, experiments showed that hydrogen per meability is much lower for gas mixtures experiments than for the pure hydrogen cas e, nd also that the hydrogen flux for mixture experiments deviates significantly from Sieverts' l aw. The above features reveal the presence of a significant mass transfer resistance in the externa l gas phase; that is also clearly confirmed by the increase in hydrogen permeability obtained with inc reasing the feed flow-rate of the gas mixtures. The data collected were then used to calculate the average mass transfer coefficient in different experimental conditions. The gas phase ma ss transfer coefficient follows closely a correlation of boundary-layer type, proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number and to the cubic root of the Schmidt number.


Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of individual B6 vitamers was developed, and its application to dog, rat, monkey and human serum is described. Serum samples were deproteinated with 8% aqueous perchloric acid and the extracts were purified using an anion-exchange column. Analytical separation of the B6 vitamers and the internal standard (4′-deoxypyridoxine) was achieved by isocratic elution with a nitrile phase column in less than 30 minutes. The described methodology is simple and fast, and yields high percentage recoveries (> 90) of the vitamers with low inter- and intra-day variations.


Introduction: Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), among whom minority breast cancer patients are at increased risk of this adverse outcome. Studies evaluating CBC risk by race/ethnicity frequently aggregate Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) into a single group or exclude them. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of CBC among subgroups of API breast cancer survivors.
 Method: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of women ages 18+ years diagnosed with unilateral Stage I-III breast cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Census Tract-level SES and Rurality Database (2000-2016). Women included in the study received cancer-directed surgery and the primary outcome of interest was asynchronous CBC occurring. SES was classified using the Yost index, a validated time-dependent composite score with the 1st quintile representing the lowest and 5th quintile being the highest SES. API women were categorized into Chinese, Japanese, Filipina, Hawaiian, Korean, Vietnamese, Indian/Pakistani, and other Asian/Pacific Islanders. We determined overall associations between SES and the risk of CBC using Fine and Gray regression models accounting for competing risks comparing API women to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Multivariable adjusted subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and stratified by API subgroups.
 Results: From a cohort of 44,362 API female breast cancer patients included, one quarter of the cohort were Filipina (25%), 18% were Chinese, 14% were Japanese, 8% were Indian/Pakistani, and 17% were other API. API women living in the lowest SES areas were more likely to be uninsured or have Medicaid coverage (21% vs. 6%) and have Stage lll first primary breast cancer (14% vs. 10%) compared to API women living in the highest SES areas. Overall, API breast cancer patients as an aggregate group did not have significantly increased risk of CBC compared to NHW patients. In stratified subgroups, risk estimates for CBC were higher among Chinese women (SHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41), Filipina (SHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23-1.52), and Hawaiian women (SHR 1.67, 95% CI 1.37-2.08) when compared to NHW women after adjusting for demographics and baseline clinical characteristics. Lower SES was not associated with increased CBC risk among API women overall. However, the risk of CBC is significantly lower among Chinese and Vietnamese women and higher among Filipina women who lived in areas lower SES quintile compared to women who lived in area with the highest SES quintile when examining impact of SES within API subgroups.
 Conclusion: Chinese, Filipina, and Hawaiian women have higher risk of CBC when compared to NHW. When disaggregated API women into subgroups, the impact of SES on the risk of CBC differs significantly across API subgroups.
 Citation Format: Hsiao- Ching Huang, Jenny S. Guadamuz, Kent F. Hoskins, Naomi Y. Ko, Gregory S. Calip. Impact of socioeconomic status on the risk of contralateral breast cancer among Asian/Pacific Islander subgroups [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3630.


It is a shared view that development of local communities is also based on the ability to re-cognize the special features and to find its own specificity. More and more local experiences aim to the (re)construction of an identity by means of the recovery of its own culture and the enhancement of territory. In this scenario, the slow city has established itself as one of the most representative models capable of expressing virtuous practices based on the centrality of the territory and the peculiarities of places. The paper examines two experiences of slow cities and it underlines how, in these cases, development has been based on the recovery of the history and the values of tradition, as well as on the protection and enhancement of the resources and local specialities.


While most urologists are amenable to patients having direct access to test results, they say it does raise questions about the implementation of the rule regarding access and the extent of the information that is released.


We present results concerning the onset of instability i n a fluid layer bounded by a catalytic wall at which a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction is exothermic, mth order, irreversible, and its rate has an Arrhenius temperature dependence, exp( E , / R T ) . The reaction-diffusion-conduction (RDC) equations have one or three steady solutions. Several simple criteria are given for the uniqueness of the steady solution, and a slightly more complicated necessary and sufficient uniqueness criterion is developed. These criteria imply that, if the nonlinear coupling between the rate of heat generation and the temperature dependence of the reaction rate is sufficiently weak, the steady state is unique. We then consider the stability of the steady states as solutions of the RDC equations. A sufficient condition for instability independent of the Lewis number is developed. For Le = I , it is shown that this is a necessary condition for instability (on a linear basis). When Le exceeds unity, this condition is necessary for instability with respect to horizontally uniform disturbances. For Le < I , this criterion is somewhat conservative, to an extent that depends on the Lewis number. I n this case, the exact stability boundary is computed using Neimark's D-decomposition method. For Le = I , it is shown that the multiplicity boundary and the stability locus are the same. Hence, a unique steady state is stable and, when there are three steady states, the middle one is unstable, while the extremal ones (high and low surface concentration) are stable. This is true for Le z 1 , so long as the disturbances are horizontally uniform. For Le < I , the combined multiplicity-stability loci can assume at least seven topologically different forms. For each type of multiplicity-stability locus, there are between one and seven different response curves (surface concentration versus Prater number). The multiplicity-stability loci and the response curves show that, when Le < 1, there are situations in which all the steady states (one or three) are unstable. When no steady state is stable, the autonomous RDC equations must have one or more time-dependent solutions. We have integrated the nonlinear parabolic RDC equations forward in time for several cases in which the steady state is unique and unstable. The solutions obtained appear to be time periodic, with sharp temperature spikes that greatly exceed the Prater temperature (an upper bound on the maximum nondimensional temperature attainable by any steady state). The rate of the reaction averaged over a complete period is considerably less than the reaction rate for the unique and unstable steady state. Phase plane plots of these periodic solutions in the plane of surface concentration versus surface temperature are shown, from which it is seen that the bifurcating periodic solutions are stable. As Le approaches a critical value from above, the amplitude of the oscillations goes to zero.


Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) is a potent mu antagonist in vivo. In a cell line stably transfected with MOR-1 (CHO/ MOR-1), NalBzoH also was an antagonist when examined in adenylyl cyclase studies. In binding studies, it displayed high affinity for the mu receptor, confirming its earlier characterization in brain membranes. In competition studies under equilibrium conditions, NalBzoH and diprenorphine both retained their potency in the presence of the stable GTP analog 59-guanylylimidophosphate, consistent with their mu antagonist properties, whereas the agonist DAMGO showed more than a 3-fold loss of affinity. The dissociation of H-diprenorphine was monophasic. However, kinetic studies revealed biphasic dissociations for both H-NalBzoH and H-DAMGO. The slow component of H-NalBzoH dissociation, corresponding to the higher affinity state, was dependent on coupling to G-proteins. It is selectively abolished by guanine nucleotides, leaving only the rapid dissociation phase. Furthermore, the slow dissociation component is eliminated by treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin. In conclusion, NalBzoH is an unusual opioid. Functionally it is an antagonist, a classification consistent with its equilibrium binding in the presence of guanine nucleotides. Yet, kinetic studies reveal that it labels a G-protein coupled state of the receptor with high affinity. Soon after the initial demonstration of opioid binding in brain tissue (Pert and Snyder, 1973; Terenius, 1973; Simon et al., 1973), a number of studies reported binding conditions that distinguished between agonist and antagonist binding. The first involved sodium, which enhances antagonist binding while lowering agonist binding (Pert et al., 1973; Simon and Groth, 1975). In contrast, divalent cations such as magnesium enhanced agonist binding and partially reversed the effects of sodium (Pasternak et al., 1975a). Treating membranes with protein modifying agents (Wilson et al., 1975; Pasternak et al., 1975b; Simon and Groth, 1975) or enzymes (Pasternak and Snyder, 1974, 1975) depressed agonist binding far more effectively than antagonist binding, an effect that was enhanced in the presence of sodium. Even changing the temperature of the binding assay distinguished between the two (Creese et al., 1975). These studies and others exploring other G-protein coupled receptors have led to general concepts regarding the binding of agonists and antagonists to the receptor. Overall, it is believed that agonists have highest affinity for receptors coupled to G-proteins while antagonists label coupled and uncoupled receptors with similar affinities (Dohlman et al., 1991). However, inverse agonists bind with highest affinity to uncoupled receptors (Samama et al., 1994). NalBzoH is an unusual mixed opioid agonist-antagonist (Cheng et al., 1992; Gistrak et al., 1990; Price et al., 1989; Clark et al., 1989; Paul et al., 1990). Blocking the actions of morphine and other mu analgesics for more than a day after a single administration in vivo, higher NalBzoH doses produce analgesia through kappa3 receptors (Gistrak et al., 1990; Paul et al., 1990). H-NalBzoH binding also is unusual (Standifer et al., 1991; Brooks et al., 1994; Cheng et al., 1992, 1995; Price et al., 1989; Clark et al., 1989). In equilibrium binding studies H-NalBzoH displays similar affinities for both mu and kappa3 sites. Yet, H-NalBzoH dissociates from mu receptors in brain far more slowly than the kappa3 sites. This rate of H-NalBzoH dissociation from mu receptors also is far slower than H-naloxone despite their similar affinities. Furthermore, the mu component of H-NalBzoH binding is sensitive to guanine nucleotides, a result that was totally unexpected in view of its antagonist nature. Detailed examReceived for publication October 15, 1997. 1 This work was supported, in part, by Grant DA06241 and Research Scientist Award K05 DA00220 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to G.W.P. and core Grant CA08748 from the National Cancer Institute to MSKCC. G.P.B. was supported by Training Grant T32 DA07274 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. ABBREVIATIONS: NalBzoH, naloxone benzoylhydrazone; PTX, pertussis toxin; CTX, cholera toxin; Gpp(NH)p, 59-guanylylimidophosphate; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; H-DAMGO, [D-Ala, MePhe, Gly(ol)]enkephalin. 0022-3565/98/2861-0376$03.00/0 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 286, No. 1 Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Printed in U.S.A. JPET 286:376–381, 1998 376 at A PE T Jornals on July 9, 2017 jpet.asjournals.org D ow nladed from inations of the labeling of the mu receptor by NalBzoH have proven difficult due to the heterogeneity of opioid receptors in brain and the limited selectivity of NalBzoH. Recently, we generated a CHO cell line stably expressing MOR-1 (CHO/ MOR-1) and used it to characterize the H-morphine-6bglucuronide binding (Brown et al., 1997). Using this cell line, we have characterized the binding of H-NalBzoH to a single population of mu receptors, overcoming the ambiguity of using brain membranes. Materials and Methods H-DAMGO was obtained from New England Nuclear (Boston, MA), H-Diprenorphine was purchased from Amersham Life Sciences Inc.(Arlington Heights, IL). H-NalBzoH was synthesized as previously described (Luke et al., 1988). All opioids and opioid peptides were the generous gift of the Research Technology Branch of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Rockville, MD) and other chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Tissue culture. CHO.K1 cells (ATTC, Wilmington, DE) were maintained in tissue culture flasks in F-12 media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals, Atlanta, GA). Cells were grown in a 6% CO2-94% air humidified atmosphere at 37°C. Plates of cells were used at 75 to 95% confluence. Cells were lifted from the substrate for assay or subculturing after a 5 min incubation at 37°C in 5 ml of phosphatebuffered saline


*Corresponding author: Jin Seok Kang Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, Cheonan 31020, Korea Tel: +82-41-580-2721, Fax: +82-41-580-2932, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The purpose of this study was to investigate diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver damage in zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae were divided into five groups after seventy-two hours fertilization: group 1 (G1) as control, group 2 (G2) as probe control, groups 3, 4, and 5 (G3, G4, and G5) as DEN treated at doses of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. At twenty-two hours after DEN treatment, groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with ApoFlamma H 675 at a dose of 100 μM/zebrafish. They were examined by fluorescence stereomicroscope at twenty-four hours after DEN treatment. After fixation, the zebrafish were processed, embedded, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Fluorescence intensity of the livers of G3, G4, and G5 was significantly increased compared with those of G1 (p<0.01). Furthermore, fluorescence intensity of the livers of G3 and G5 was significantly increased compared with those of G2 (p<0.05 and p<0.01). HE staining showed cell deaths in the livers of DEN-treated zebrafish and TUNEL staining confirmed cell death in the same location. Taken together, in vivo fluorescence bioimaging detected cell death in the liver of DEN-treated zebrafish. This outcome was confirmed with histopathological examination. The results of this study provide confidence for using zebrafish as a liver carcinogenesis model.


Source code obfuscation is a protection mechanism widely used to limit the possibility of malicious reverse engineering or attack activities on a software system. Although several code obfuscation techniques and tools are available, little knowledge is available about the capability of obfuscation to reduce attackers' efficiency, and the contexts in which such an efficiencymay vary.


The inverse method was applied to determine the heat flux reaching the charge surface. The inverse solution was based upon finding the minimum of the error norm between the measured and calculated temperatures. The charge temperature field was calculated with the finite element method by solving the heat transfer equation for a square charge made of 15HM steel heated on all its surfaces. On the basis of the mean value of heat flux, the value of the heat transfer coefficient at each surface was determined depending on the surface temperature of the material heated.


The paper presents a theoretical study through simulation in MATLAB Simulink of action on the spine of the vibrations of the human body in a vehicle. The spinal column is considered as consisting of four concentrated masses, corresponding to the four areas of the spine: coccyx area, lumbar area, thoracic, and the cervical area. The masses also have features of elasticity and damping inside and between them have the features of elasticity and damping. The study is carried out to establish the possible damage of the spine under the action of vibration produced by the engine with the vehicle in motion.


In the present study, the plasmonic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been utilized to improve the performance of polymer solar cells. Plasmonic polymer solar cells were fabricated by incorporating Ag NPs at the indium tin oxide (ITO)/MoO3 buffer layer interface. The size of the Ag NPs has been optimized to improve the device performance. The optimized device with 75 nm sized Ag NPs shows 26% enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with the reference device. The short circuit current density mainly contributes to the efficiency enhancement compared with other device parameters. The diffuse reflectance measurements indicate that there is significant enhancement in the optical absorption of active layers when Ag NPs are incorporated into the devices. The scattering cross section of Ag NPs and electric field intensity distribution around the nanoparticles were modeled by finite-difference-time-domain simulations. The experimental results and theoretical simulations revealed that both far-field scattering and near-field concentration of light contributed significantly to the PCE enhancement of the devices.


Summary. Oxygen dissociation studies were carried out on red cells and lysates from a patient heterozygous for Hb Hammersmith. The oxygen affinity of the cells at pH 7.1 was decreased, partly by an increased cellular concentration of 2, 3‐DPG and more importantly by an intrinsic low affinity of Hb Hammersmith. Haemhaem interactions were reduced and an abnormal Bohr effect (pH 7.1–7.4) was found in the cells which would bring about an additional decrease in oxygen affinity at physiological pH. Oxygen dissociation studies on the lysates showed a low oxygen affinity, a normal Bohr effect at 50% saturation, slightly decreased haem‐haem interactions and a normal interaction with 2, 3‐DPG. Estimation of the percentage of Hb Hammersmith in the lysates of the patient's cells by selective precipitation of the abnormal β chain with p‐chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) showed the presence of 30–33% abnormal haemoglobin. Assuming no interaction between the Hb A and the Hb Hammersmith, oxygen dissociation curves were calculated for Hb Hammersmith alone and these indicated that it has greatly decreased oxygen affinity, a normal Bohr effect, normal 2, 3‐DPG interaction and (somewhat) decreased haem‐haem interactions.


Abstract. We demonstrate the capability of the PALM model system version 6.0 to simulate neutrally stratified urban boundary layers.
Our simulation uses the real-world building configuration of the HafenCity area in Hamburg, Germany.
Using PALM's virtual measurement module, we compare simulation results to wind-tunnel measurements of a downscaled replica of the study area.
Wind-tunnel measurements of mean wind speed agree within 5 % on average while the wind direction deviates by approximately 4∘.
Turbulence statistics similarly agree.
However, larger differences between measurements and simulation arise in the vicinity of surfaces where building geometry is insufficiently resolved.
We discuss how to minimize these differences by improving the grid layout and give tips for setup preparation.
Also, we discuss how existing and upcoming features of PALM like the grid nesting and immersed boundary condition help improve the simulation results.


Data mining may be viewed as the extraction of patterns and models from observed data or a method used for analytical process designed to explore data. There are many different methods, which may be used to predict the appropriate class for the objects. The majority of data mining techniques can deal with different data types. The paper provides an explanation and comparative study on some of the most common data mining techniques and methods in use today in day to day life and business predictions. Though there are a number of other techniques and many variations of the methods described, one of the techniques from the mentioned group is almost always used in real world deployments of data mining systems.


Economic models with multiple equilibria are now so common in economics that we need a general framework for statistical inference in such models. This note offers a simple theoretical framework that can be used to organize the debate about the question of whether such a model is identified, and about the question of how much predictive content it retains


Sensing a signal provided from the user, the user in the display device is disclosed having the backlight assembly, and this for sensing a desired location. The backlight assembly comprises a lamp assembly, the light guide plate, a receiving container and a sensing module. Lamp assembly includes a lamp that generates light. The light guide plate is incident, light generated from the lamp assembly. The receiving container includes a bottom surface for supporting the lamp assembly and the light guide plate. A sensing module disposed between the bottom surface of the light guide plate and detects the sensed signal from the outside is applied. Thus, the sensing module may be a more simple assembly of the separate display devices for position detection means are not being housed in the interior of the receiving container lock the sensing module.


The Western Mapping Project covers an area of about 2 000 000 sq.km,it occupies about 21% area of our national land,and it mainly covers the regions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Tarim Basin,the mountain range and so on,its administrative divisions involve 6 provinces(autonomous region) of Sichuan,Yunnan,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai and Xinjiang.This paper expounds how to deal with the archive of the various surveying and mapping results which are generated in the enormous Western Mapping Project.


Participatory budgeting (PB) is a process in which citizens make budget decisions that affect their communities. Although PB has been widely overlooked by planners, this innovative participatory practice has spread across the globe. Each PB case is unique in its objectives, implementation, and scale but they all engage citizens in decisionmaking that impacts communities. The following article highlights the long-running PB process at Toronto Community Housing (TCH). As a leading example of PB in Canada, TCH's innovative and evolving participatory practice has been in place for over a decade. Today, tenants at TCH allocate $9 million for projects and improvements, taking charge of approximately ten per cent of the annual capital budget. The PB process involves TCH tenants proposing, deliberating and voting on capital projects, proving that budgets can be developed by citizens, often with highly positive results. Outcomes include more proactive tenant participation and an expanding civic sphere. The PB process is an example of what Archon Fung calls "bottom up, top down governance" where the support, resources and accountability of a centralized institution are linked to a community that has authority to make decisions at the local level (Fung, 2002). In the case of TCH, public budget making is grounded in community decision-making and supported by an institution committed to meaningful tenant


The invention discloses a landslide prevention and treatment engineering system. Isolation pile walls are arranged on both sides of a linear structure in a landslide body; and more than one row of antiskid piles are arranged between the isolation pile walls along the direction of a landslide. The system can effectively guarantee the stability of the landslide body within a width range of the linear structure and reduce a downslide dragging action force of the landslide body to the maximum extent or even eliminate the downslide dragging action force of the landslide body, so that aims that the landslide body is treated securely and effectively and the cost is lower are fulfilled.


Healthcare organizations have the responsibility to provide education to patients and families so that they have the knowledge to participate in the care process and make decisions. Rehabilitative organizations, on account of the long hospitalization period and the specific care plans, have to organize education resources in the most effective manner, ensuring the registration of what has been done in the medical record (MR).

 During the accreditation process, IMFR (Medical and Physical Rehabilitation Institute - an hospital part of the Udine Healthcare Trust) launched a MR-quality program. A dedicated team of 3 doctors, 4 nurses and 4 therapists changed the way in recording educational information in MR, introducing in April 2018 a specific, independent form, part of the MR, where documenting the achievement of two educational phases: assessment and delivery. The aim of this project is to determine if the introduction of this specific educational form and its sharing process, included in the wider MR-quality program, would improve the recording behavior. Twenty MRs were quarterly analyzed from December 2017 to December 2018, assessing educational forms completeness. Significance (p < 0.01) was assessed by Cochran-Armitage test for trends.

 The recording behavior improved significantly from 53% (21/40; Dec-17) to 88% (30/34) in June 2018, after the introduction of the specific education form and remained high also in Sept.2018 (90%, 34/38) and in Dec.2018 (82%, 31/38), with an overall trend of + 29%.

 Sharing elements in the creation of the specific educational form with a multidisciplinary approach, within a wider MR-quality program, allows to improve the recording behavior of educational information in it. Hopefully this method would help healthcare professionals and organizations to ensure the education needed to patients and families.

 A multidisciplinary approach is a good model to deal with specific aspects of quality programs. A specific form, part of the MR, allows to improve behavior in recording educational information.


Aeroengine loading spectrum is the base of prediction aeroengine life,which is mainly used to provide the gist for design-making.This paper clarifies the process of aeroengine loading spectrum research,summarizes the compilation method aeroengine loading spectrum,we have an expectation of development foreground of the aeroengine loading spectrum.


Exterior ballistics of a typical high-speed projectile is studied through a flow-visualization experiment and an unstructured grid Navier-Stokes computation. Experiment produced a schlieren photograph that adequately shows the characteristic features of this complex flow, namely two kinds of oblique cone shocks and turbulent wake developing into the downstream. A hybrid scheme of finite volume-element method is used to simulate the compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solution on unstructured grids. Osher's approximate Riemann solver is used to discretize the convection term. Higher-order spatial accuracy is obtained by MUSCL extension and van Albada type flux limiter is used to stabilize the numerical oscillation near the solution discontinuity. Accurate Galerkin method is used to discretize the viscous term. Explicit fourth-order Runge- Kutta method is used for the time-stepping, which simplifies the application of MUSCL extension. A two-layer k- e turbulence model is used to simulate the turbulent wakes accurately. Axisymmetric flow and two-dimensional flow with an angle of attack have been computed. Grid-dependency is also checked by carrying out the computation with doubled meshes. 2-D calculation shows that effect of angle of attack on the flow field is negligible. Axi-symmetric results of the computation agrees well with the flow visualization. Primary oblique shock is represented within 2-3 meshes in numerical results, and the varicose mode of the vortex shedding is clearly captured in the turbulent wake region.


The proposed energy cache control enables fast compensation of stochastic power fluctuations through the use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) connected to the DC bus of Distributed Generation (DG). The term energy cache control is chosen to reflect its analogy to the utilization of the data cache in computers. The SMES provides an energy cache for other types of storage with a higher capacity of energy but also longer response times. Together, the two types of storage provide high controllability over diverse time scales. The SMES so enables the creation of modular DG building blocks which can be readily connected to the network in a plug-and-supply mode. In the developed case study, the SMES is part of a DG unit of a model commercial facility that includes renewable-based electric power generation and a hydrogen-electric conversion and storage plant composed of an electrolyser, a fuel cell, and tanks. It is shown how the cache energy control deals with fast fluctuations of power generation and load that are caused by changing wind and sudden power demands of an elevator, respectively. Through its shock-absorbing role, the energy cache control of the SMES prevents the involved disturbances from propagating over the network interface and makes the DG unit behave as a good citizen in terms of network integration.


This chapter focuses on the World Press Photo, a non-profit organization which organizes the largest and arguably most prestigious press photo competition in the world, yearly awarding dozens of prizes, which work as crucial institutional mechanisms of production and circulation of cultural value. Awards are relevant within such scarcely institutionalized fields as photojournalism, since they can raise value problems for jurors, winners, and observers. It is the whole vision of the cultural field—its meanings, values, and indeed objects—that is at stake in prizing. In the digital age, competitions and awards do not just reveal how news photographs are evaluated, but also what a digital news photograph actually is, or at least what nowadays it is legitimately supposed to be. This chapter mainly draws on an archival analysis of the last twenty years of the WPP awards and in-depth interviews with jurors, experts, and winning photojournalists.


Wind turbines (WT) are influenced by stochastic and unsteady wind loads. These result in high forces straining the wind turbines in all six degrees of freedom. Today's simulation models cannot adequately describe the impact on local loads of the resulting system level deformations and are also nearly unvalidated. Filling this gap, the new 4 MW test bench of the Center for Wind Power Drives is able to emulate a real six degree of freedom (DOF) environment on wind side as well as a realistic electrical grid, in which the nacelle can operate using its original controller. The paper gives an overview of the functionality of the 4 MW wind turbine system test bench as well as the measurement results on the first device under test, a 3.3 MW wind turbine gearbox-generator combination type – the Winergy HybridDrive. Future goal is the identification of influences of the wind loads on the strains within the wind turbine gearbox on component part level down to the tooth root stress.


Sorting nexin protein is a class of highly conserved eukaryotic proteins containing the PX domain. Recent studies related to SNX in plants have focused on the regulation of abiotic stress processes, and there are few studies on the involvement of SNX in biological stress processes in plants. In this paper, a YTH assay and BiFC experiments were conducted twice to show that BcSNX3 (Brassica campestris Sorting nexin 3) interacted with CP and VPg of TuMV, and the interaction between BcATG8h (Brassica campestris autophagy-related gene 8h) and BcSNX3 was also found by YTH and BiFC. The colocalization of BcSNX3 and BcATG8b (Brassica campestris autophagy-related gene 8b) revealed BcSNX3 and autophagosome at the same place in the cell. QRT-PCR analysis showed that TuMV infection promotes the expression of BcSNX3, and the overexpression of this gene hinders the expression of autophagy-related genes and facilitates TuMV infection. VIGS was used to repress the expression level of the BcSNX3 gene in pak-choi to further study the function of BcSNX3 in the infection process of TuMV. After inoculation with TuMV, it was found that the accumulation of viral RNA in BcSNX3-gene-silenced plants was significantly less than in control plants. The accumulation of TuMV virus in the Arabidopsis snx3 knockout mutant was also less than in the wild type after TuMV inoculation. These results suggest that TuMV infection facilitates the expression of BcSNX3, and this gene may promote virus infection by inhibiting autophagy degradation of the virus and interacting with the CP and VPg of the virus. These results lay the foundation for the TuMV resistance breeding of pak-choi.


Background and Purpose Orally administered ketoconazole rarely induces
liver injury and adrenal dysfunction. In cellulo studies showed
that a metabolite formed by arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC)-mediated
hydrolysis is relevant to ketoconazole-induced cytotoxicity. This study
tried to examine the significance of AADAC in ketoconazole-induced
toxicity in vivo using Aadac knockout mice. Experimental Approach
Wild-type and Aadac knockout mice orally received 150 or 300
mg/kg/day ketoconazole, and plasma parameters, the concentrations of
ketoconazole and N-deacetylketoconazole in plasma and tissues,
and hepatic mRNA levels of immune- and inflammatory-related factors were
measured. The effects of pretreatment with corticosterone (40 mg/kg,
s.c.) on ketoconazole-induced liver injury were also examined.
Key Results In a study of a single oral administration of 150 mg/kg
ketoconazole, the area under the plasma concentration curve values of
ketoconazole and N-deacetylketoconazole in Aadac knockout
mice were significantly higher and lower than those in wild-type mice,
respectively. With the administration of ketoconazole (300 mg/kg/day)
for 7 days, Aadac knockout mice showed higher mortality (100%)
than wild-type mice (42.9%), with significantly higher plasma alanine
transaminase and lower corticosterone levels, representing liver injury
and adrenal dysfunction, respectively. In Aadac knockout mice,
hepatic mRNA levels of immune- and inflammatory-related factors were
increased by the administration of ketoconazole, and the increase was
restored by the replenishment of corticosterone, which shows
anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion and Implications Aadac
defects exacerbated ketoconazole-induced liver injury by inhibiting
glucocorticoid synthesis and enhancing the inflammatory response. This
in vivo study revealed that the hydrolysis of ketoconazole by
AADAC can mitigate ketoconazole-induced toxicities.


Raphanus sativus L. contains many active elements and nutritional components benefit for human health including essential amino acids, vitamins, mineral ingredients and especially flavonoids. In the scope of this research, the nutritional components of Raphanus sativus L. and parameters influencing to production process of Raphanus sativus L. powder have been conducted based on such key processes as blanching, enzyme treatment and drying to improve ratio of active elements and nutritional components. Result of experiments shows that first blanching raw material at 80 o C for 2 minutes, next having them ground with adding enzyme of 0.2% w/w, keeping at 80 o C for 120 minutes, filtering, condensing to the concentration of 9~10% of dry matter, adding maltodextrin to increase concentration of dry matter to 25%, and finally spray drying to get Raphanus sativus L. powder with 5.6% of moisture, there is not big change of protein and quercetine, decreasing of antioxidant quantity is 52% vs raw material, 3.5% of ash.


This paper offers a topical overview of textile restoration and conservation in Spain. It discusses the distribution of collections and conditions of research and training. The main textile workshops are described, together with their most important projects, past, present and future.


ABSTRACT Overcoming the current spiritual and ecological crisis plaguing the globe is impossible without changing the paradigm of aesthetic music education. Music should play an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development, rather than be a utilitarian product of consumer society. Therefore, attention should be drawn to the music teacher education and to a new paradigm of education that is ecology-focused, aesthetic, and enables sustainable development at the urban, suburban, and rural levels. The study examines issues around the ecology-focused aesthetic music education in the context of sustainable development culture. This study aimed to substantiate an integration framework for ecological rationality, aesthetic education, and musical ecology in order to build a new educational paradigm from international experience. This is a review of the survey findings reported by the Country Music Association Foundation. The survey involved 468 music teachers from 392 primary, secondary and high schools in the United States. The weighting procedure used ensured that the sample of responding schools was nationally representative along the two dimensions of school locale/urbanicity (e.g. urban, suburban, town/exurbun, rural) and the grade levels (e.g. primary, middle, high, or some combination). The contemporary approach to education should be improved to extend ecological and integrated methods and ideas of thinking and hence bring the art of music to a new horizon with a higher goal of creating a sustainable community of ecologically responsible individuals. This study offered an integration model for ecological rationality, aesthetic education, and musical ecology in order to build a new educational paradigm. The proposal represents a framework that is built around five components of society, ecological rationality, teachers, sustainable development, and musical ecology.


This study aims to analyze the role of investment credit in banking on economic growth. This study uses several variables, such as: investment credit, inflation, human development index, and central bank interest rates. The time span used in this study is thirty-one years from 1990-2020. This study uses quantitative methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that the inflation variable, human development index, and the central bank interest rate together have a significant effect on the economic growth variable, while the investment credit variable has no significant effect on the economic growth variable. The coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) shows that the effect of investment credit, inflation, development index and central bank interest rate in explaining the role of investment credit is 0.8140, while the remaining 18.60% is affected by other variables not included in the study.


This thesis argues that the person of Saint Therese of Lisieux (1873-1897) is connected to the way in which non-heroic sanctity is portrayed in the literary tropes of the Good Priest and Virtuous Woman of nineteenth and early twentieth-century French literature.


This paper presents a 10-bit 20MS/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter implemented in 0.18 μ m CMOS technology with dynamic programmable power consumption. The proposed pipeline ADC achieves a typical performance of 58.47dB SNDR and 61.48dB SFDR with a minimum power dissipation of 5mW. Circuit techniques such as dynamic comparators, stage capacitor scaling and a novel dynamic programmable power switcher have been used to achieve this level of power consumption.


A novel realisation of quasielliptic function narrowband bandpass filters constructed from face-to-face dual-mode microstrip square loop resonators is proposed. The new filter configuration allows crosscoupling between the degenerate modes of individual dual-mode resonators. The realisation has been confirmed both theoretically and experimentally.


Ovarian carcinoma is the second most common gynecological malignancy and in Indonesia it is the 5th most common cause of death in America, and in Indonesia it ranks 3rd after breast and cervix. Non-epithelial ovarian carcinoma is very rare and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. CT scan is an imaging for diagnostic that can show a profile of non-epithelial ovarian carcinoma and this has never been studied in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. The objective of this study is to evaluate solid component, cystic, fat, calcified, enhancement, unilateral / bilateral locations on CT scans of non-epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. From January 2016 until July 2019, 55 patients of epithelial ovarian cancer with histopathological proven (age range 08 – 70 years) were enrolled in the study. Patient did CT scan before operation. CT scan was evaluated in raw data. Based on age category, age range was 08 – 70 years. 43.6% of patients are in the age range 41-60 years. CT scan features of non-epithelial ovarian cancer at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital on Germ Cell Tumor type 28 cases (50.9%), Sex Cord Stromal Tumor 26 people (47.3%), Tumor metastasis 1 case (1.8 %). Solid degenerative changes, necrosis, bleeding, and irregular contours were found in 85.5% of cases. Cystic features were found in 85.5% of cases, 14.5% of cases had no cystic component. Fat features were found in 23.6% of cases. Calcification features were found in 72.7% of cases. Enhancement was found in 98.2% of cases. As many as 96.4% of cases were found in unilateral. The CT scan feature of the germ cell tumor contained solid irregular components, enhancement, and unilateral, as many as 85.7% of cases had the cystic component, fat density and calcification were obtained in mature and immature teratomas. Sex cord stromal tumors have an irregular solid component and enhancement (enhancement), as many as 84.6% of cases with a cystic component, 83.3% of cases of unilateral.Tumor metastasis shows a unilateral appearance of a cystic mass with solid component.


This thesis discusses the synthesis and structures of [Co(L1)(MeOH)4](ClO4)2•(MeOH)∞ [L1 = N,N´-di-(3-pyridyl)adipoamide], 1; [Cu2(HL2)4(ClO4)2](ClO4)2 (HL2 = 2-Aminonicotinic acid), 2; [Cu2(HL2)4(BF4)2](BF4)2•2H2O, 3 and [Ag(L2)]∞, 4 . All the complexes have been characterized by EA, IR, TGA and PL, and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. In complex 1, the 1D zigzag chains are interlinked by the anions through the N-H---O hydrogen bonds to form a 2D layer structure. Complexes 2 and 3 show the dimeric structures and their molecules are interlinked though a series of N-H---O, C-H---O, N-H---F and C-H---F hydrogen bonds to form 3D supramolecular archetures. In complex 4, the L2 ligand shows μ3- η1: η1: η1 bonding mode which link the metal atoms to form a 3D structure with (82,10) topology.


Video-on-demand (VoD) has been an a tive area of resear h for the past few years in the multimedia resear h ommunity. However, there have not been many signi ant ommer ial deployments of VoD owing to the inadequa y of per user bandwidth and the la k of a good business model.1 Signifi ant resear h e orts have been dire ted towards redu tion of network bandwidth requirements, improvement of server utilization, and minimization of start-up laten y. In this paper, we investigate another aspe t of VoD systems whi h has been largely negle ted by the resear h ommunity, namely, pri ing models for VoD systems. We believe that the pri e harged to a user for an on-demand video stream should inuen e the rate of user arrivals into the VoD system and in turn should depend upon quality-of-servi e (QoS) fa tors su h as initial start-up laten y. We brie y des ribe some simple pri ing models and analyze the tradeo s involved in su h s enarios from a pro t maximization point of view. We further explore se ondary ontent insertion (ad-insertion) whi h was proposed elsewhere [1℄ not only as a te hnique for redu ing the resour e requirements at the server and the network, but also as a means of subsidizing VoD ontent to the end user. We treat the rate of ad insertion as another QoS fa tor and demonstrate how it an in uen e the pri e of movie delivery.


The UK government has been urged to speed up deliberations over whether to extend the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme to cover teenage boys as well as girls.

The vaccine, which prevents most types of cervical cancer, is routinely offered to secondary school girls aged 12 and 13. But a group of 13 doctors—including Elizabeth Carlin, president of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV, and Saman Warnakulasuriya, emeritus professor of oral medicine and experimental pathology at King's College, London—have written to England's health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, urging him to "expedite a decision" to extend the national HPV vaccination programme, to help …


Based on gas composition and response mechanism,the gas sensors are classified.This paper introduces the mechanism of the metal-oxide gas sensors and the technology of nanomaterials which plays a very important role on gas sensing.Synthesizing the metal-oxide nanoparticle with physical method and chemical method is studied.The developing trend of the gas sensor is introduced emphatically.


By finding out the off-line magnetron sputtering coat glass production process and color generation principle,and analyzing the influence of films made from of different materials to the glass color,it raises the accurate,quick method for minimizing glass color variation in the production.


A new Building-Block Approach for Combined Structural Dynamic Analysis is proposed and applied to a missile launch vehicle model. Test/Analysis Modeling of components, i.e. updating of their finite-element (FE) model based on dynamic characteristics obtained from modal testing is conducted to build relatively accurate mathematical models. FE model of the combined structure is then synthesized from updated components' FE models by employing free-interface technique based on the Complete Modal Space method. A missile launch vehicle model is adopted as a case study of the new building-block approach for combined structural dynamic analysis. Applicability and accuracy of the new approach are validated by comparisons of modal parameters obtained from analytical prediction of synthesized FE model and modal testing of the combined structure.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A CONTACT ELEMENT FOR CONNECTING STRIP. IT IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT INCLUDE A CONTACT ELEMENT AND ASSETS 10 30 SUPPORT ORGAN TO BE DRESSING IN ALVEOLE 50 CONNECTION OF A BLOCK 51. CONTACT ELEMENT ASSETS 10 CONTAINS aNVIL 14 CENTRAL AND TWO SIDE SOFT ARM 16 AND 17, pushed back aNVIL 14 BY ARM BANDS 37 AND 38 OF BODY SUPPORT 30 . EDGES IN LIGHT OF ANVIL 14 AND sIDE ARM 16 AND 17 DEFINE TWO SLOTS 40 AND 41 FOR THE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION SON. THE INVENTION ALLOWS CONNECTION WITHOUT SON OF sTRIPPING ELECTRIC DRIVERS SOLID OR DIVIDED.


Aim: Completion thyroidectomy is required at situations such as recurrent nodular goiter and malignant findings at histopathology after primary operation for noduler goiter. The aim of this study was to investigate the indications for the completion thyroidectomy and the effect of the operation timing on morbidity. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one consecutive patients (26 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 36.5±7.7 years (range, 23-55 yrs) that underwent completion thyroidectomy were investigated. The patients, who needed re-operation for recurrence with diagnosis of histopathologically proven malignancy or re-operated for recurrence, were included.


This article analyzes the international,social and individual trend of 21th century medical education in institutions of higher learning in China,and proposes the concept of scientific development view-point in guiding the medical education reform.That is,to guide the reform with advanced education concept,to develop medical talents according to its own specialty,to take international strategy in accordance with international standard,to accelerate the informational speed of medical education,to cultivate needed talents of the society with brand-new model,and to ensure the stable development and the systematic renovation of medical education in institutions of higher learning in our country.


Objective:To study the association between ABO blood type and the pathogenesis,prognosis of vitiligo.Methods: ABO phenotype and its genetic distribution were investigated in 712 patients with vitiligo and in normal people applying the methods of blood population genetics and serology.Randomly choose 70 patients with A,B,AB and O blood type,respectively,treat them for three month,and then observe the difference of therapeutic effect among them.Results: ①The distribution characteristic of ABO phenotype frequency of patients and controls is A﹥B﹥O﹥AB and B﹥O﹥A﹥AB,respectively;gene frequency of A,B and O in these two groups is O﹥A﹥B and O﹥B﹥A,respectively,the difference of which is significant(P﹤0.05).②The pathogenesis of vitiligo has certain correlation with A and O blood type,the r of which is 0.027 and 0.031,respectively(P﹤0.05).The therapeutic effects on A,B or AB blood type vitiligo patients are more remarkable than patients with O blood type.Conclusion: The ABO blood type has certain connection with vitiligo.In a sense,A blood type may be a susceptible factor of vitiligo.O blood type probably is a protective factor.However,the therapeutic efficacies in A,B or AB blood type patients are more remarkable than patients with O blood type.


increase in left ventricle ejection fraction compared with a less than 1% increase in control patient. These findings pave the way for further allogenic stem cell trials.


Aiming at the problem of target recognition and obstacle avoidance during Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) autonomous landing in a complex environment, a solution based on target detection and obstacle avoidance is proposed. Firstly, the UAV obtains the position and attitude of the target through the recognition of the cooperative QR code. Secondly, in the process of the UAV moving toward the target point, the control algorithm is used to impose constraints and optimize the trajectory to ensure the safety of the trajectory and the feasibility of higher-order dynamics. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the control algorithm.


This study was designed to shed light on the effect of marketing mix strategy on brand equity and repurchase intentions on golf practice range. To accomplish such research purpose, researcher identified the causal relationship through Structural Equation Model(SEM) after having established relationship models among marketing mix strategy, brand equity and repurchase intention on precedent research works and hypothetical model. 310 participants were sampled from the customer for the golf practice range located in Seoul and Gyeonggi region by using convenient sampling method. The resulting data were processed by means of frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis using SPSS 15.0 program. Results derived from the researches based on the aforementioned methods and data analyses are as follows: First, marketing mix strategy had positive influence on perceived quality. Second, marketing mix strategy had positive influence on brand image. Third, marketing mix strategy had positive influence on brand awareness. Forth, marketing mix strategy had positive influence on repurchase intention. fifth, brand equity had positive influence on repurchase intention.


Cocaine is a widely used drug of abuse and a psychostimulant that acts on the central nervous system by blocking dopamine reuptake sites. PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma clonal line, in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), multiply and differentiate into competent neurons that can synthesize, store, and secrete the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). In the present study, we evaluated the effect of increasing doses of cocaine on the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), c-fos and SP-1, and a closely related nuclear factor, NFκβ , 24h after exposure to cocaine (50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,500 μ M) in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Cocaine (50–500 μ M) resulted in significant induction of the expression of c-fos, SP-1, and NFκβ . However, higher concentrations of cocaine (1,000 or 2,500 μ M) resulted in the downregulation of these expressions after 24h. We also evaluated the effect of increasing doses of cocaine on dopamine. A significant dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of dopamine was observed 24h after the exposure of PC12 cells to cocaine. Therefore, in this note, we report that cocaine has both upstream and downstream regulatory actions on some IEGs and nuclear factors, actions that are independent of its action on the dopaminergic system. Additional studies are under way to explore the more mechanistic details.


A small bay-town in East Java Province, Indonesia is selected as a pilot area for an integrated model of tsunami mitigation. Located at the south coast of Java, Pacitan is facing a seismic gap between two tsunami-earthquake events, which are the 1994 (M 7.2) and the 2006 tsunami (M 7.7). The efforts were started in 2008 by constructing the structural components in stages. Coastal forests development and the installation of land-based ocean radar were completed within 3 years. In line with these efforts, comprehensive risk assessment is now being conducted. Detailed tsunami simulations were carried out in addition to the preparation of vulnerability analysis. We attempted to establish novel risk assessment methods and products. We complete the countermeasures by planning two-year activities of community preparedness to ensure the sustainability of the above mentioned efforts. The key objective is the development of a comprehensive and coherent tsunami mitigation system on local level.


Abstract : The DoD and NASA are considering virtual environment (VE) technology for use in forward deployable and remote training devices. Yet, many of these VE devices, particularly those which employ helmet-mounted displays, ha"ve an adverse effect on users, eliciting motion sickness and other sequelae (e.g., Pausch, Crca, & Conway, 1992; Kennedy, Lane, Lilienthal, Berhaum, & Hettinger, 1992). These symptoms, now called cybersickness (McCauley & Sharkey, 1992), could retard development of VE technology and limit its use as a training tool. Motion sickness is known to be polysymptomatic and in scoring self-reports we have found there to be reliably different profiles of sickness in simulators, at sea, in space, and in VP (Kennedy, Lane, Berbaum, & Lilienthal, 1993). Furthermore, recent research in our laboratories implies that cybersickness may involve multiple functional pathways. The first pathway is related to ill-effects upon the autonomic nervous system or ANS (Money, Lackner, & Cheung, 1996). According to sensory conflict theory (Reason & Brand, 1975), the ANS is provoked when sensory inputs from the visual auditory, vestibular, or somatoceptots are uncorrelated or incompatible. This is the case when one is exposed to the certain sensory rearrangements in a virtual environment. Such rearrangements can trigger the "emetic brain response" (Oman, 1991), causing vomiting, perspiration, nausea, pallor, salivation, and drowsiness.


There are numerous small dams in southern New Jersey in need of rehabilitation. Many of these dams were built in the early part of the 20 century either as roadways across streams or to provide power for local mills, but are currently used only for recreational purposes. When the dams were originally built, they generally had adequate protection regarding flood conditions. However, development in the region has changed the hydrologic conditions upstream of many of these dams significantly. The existing spillways at virtually all of these dams were designed for pre-development flows; with the excess flow brought by development, spillway modifications must be made to increase capacity and maintain dam safety. The State of New Jersey requires that deficient dams be improved and maintained or removed, to promote public safety. Public entities such as counties and municipalities are generally eligible for State grants to pay for dam safety evaluations and repairs. However, privately owned dams are not eligible for grants. For dams owned by an individual, the costs associated with engineering investigations and dam rehabilitation are often prohibitively expensive. As a result, repairs are often deferred. When repairs are not made in a timely manner, the NJ Department of Environmental Protection Dam Safety Section must take legal action against the dam owner to ensure that public safety is upheld. To help overcome the financial burden of the engineering analyses associated with dam rehabilitation, a unique partnership has been developed between the owner of a private dam, Rowan University, and the local engineering community. Third-year Civil and Environmental Engineering students have been working with a faculty member to conduct hydraulic and hydrologic analyses and flood inundation mapping, as part of the Engineering Clinic program at Rowan. The results of this project are being evaluated by a team of external practicing engineers, and then submitted to the NJ State Dam Safety Section. Involving students in all aspects of the dam evaluation introduces many concepts not included in traditional classroom instruction, such as the ecological benefits (and detriments) of small dams. In addition, students are exposed to the socio-economic and political realities that engineers must contend with in professional practice. Thus, having students work on a real-world analysis and design project provides an all-around win-win situation: Students work on a unique educational opportunity; the dam owner receives valuable services; State regulators are satisfied; and public safety is upheld. This paper will discuss the process, successes, and failures of the initial partnership effort. P ge 722.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education Introduction There are many small and medium-sized dams in southern New Jersey that are in need of rehabilitation. The NJDEP Dam Safety Section has indicated that within Gloucester County alone, there are 5 dams classified as "High Hazard" (meaning a potential loss of life would result if the dam failed) in need of rehabilitation, and 28 others in the eight southern counties of New Jersey. Another 140 in the region are classified as "Medium Hazard" (meaning substantial property damage would result if the dam failed). Most of these dams were originally built for local mills, but are now used solely for impounding water for scenic and recreational use. Figure 1 shows the locations and types of ownership for all of the dams in the state. The State of New Jersey requires that these dams be maintained or removed, to promote public safety. Publicly owned dams are subject to the same provisions as private dams. Figure 1: Dams and dam ownership in New Jersey A problem arises when a dam owner cannot afford to either repair or retire (remove) the structure. In such cases, funds are sometimes available from the State of New Jersey in the form of grants (for publicly owned dams) or loans (for privately owned dams) to facilitate dam safety investigations and rehabilitation. However, these funds have not been available for several years. Private dam owners are thus faced with large expenses for engineering services (either for dam rehabilitation or removal) and construction activities. Alternatively, private dam owners can defer maintenance or rehabilitation, at the risk of lawsuits brought by the State seeking compliance of existing dam safety regulations. In either situation, the private dam owner is faced with bleak prospects. The problem is compounded when land use upstream of the dam has changed from the time when the dam was originally constructed. When land use changes from agricultural to suburban or urban development, runoff from the catchment is increased so that peak flows are higher and occur sooner after the start of a rainfall event. Increased peak discharge for a given storm event results in flows greater than what dam spillways were originally designed to accommodate. P ge 722.2 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education Thus, dam owners must also conduct hydrologic analyses of the watersheds upstream of their dams, determine current design flows (typically the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF), based on the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) (NRC, 1985)), and then assess the capacity of the existing spillway. If the existing spillway is not large enough to handle the new design flow, modifications must be made to the dam. The end result is that a private dam owner becomes responsible for changes in hydrologic conditions over which he or she had no control.


A camera calibration technique for computer vision with the radial alignment constraint (RAC) is used to get the intrinsic and exterior parameters of one CCD camera.This method separates camera parameters by using RAC,gives a new camera model with one term radial lens distortion,and provides the solution through a linear algorithm according to the reasonable order instead of traditional nonlinear optimization. Based on it,a new method is presented to obtain the world coordinate of target point,which provides much precondition for locating and tracing the object quickly.


This paper examines how easily observable interviewer characteristics, such as gender and physical attractiveness, and more difficult to observe characteristics, such as attitudes and beliefs, affect adolescent girls' disclosure of sexual behavior during a baseline survey for an adolescent girls program in Liberia. The study finds that girls are more likely to report sexual activity to better-looking interviewers, and less likely to do so to interviewers holding more discriminatory gender attitudes and greater expectations about the program. The study finds no evidence that the gender of the interviewer matters.


In the context of increased international trade and the development of modern transport technologies and methods of organization, the port development must be planned in the context of the overall transport trends. Optimum performance of its functions, realization of the planned capacity of the container terminal system together with constant adapting to changes are possible only if all participants and elements of transport are interconnected and coordinated with the goal of optimization of the transport chain. The purpose of this article is to examine problems and current questions concerning container terminal operations in the context of modern transport technologies and methods of organization and the overall transport trends. The aim is also to demonstrate how Port of Rijeka, Croatia through optimization of a logistics chain of transport can achieve its full recognition. Key-Words: the port of Rijeka, containerization, logistics chain optimalisation, transport, globalisation.


According to the developmental demand,and combined with the special product structure,the design of intelligent product packaging is proposed and completed by studying on protective method of product packaging,structural design and intellectualization,which could provide reference for the improvement and development of product packaging.


While Putnam's communitarian conceptualization of social capital has signifi cantly infl uenced our understanding of community cohesion, the concept of social capital is highly contested. Questions have been raised about the ways in which agency and power operate in a community's sense of connectedness. Within this critique, li le a ention has been paid to the conceptualization of cultural identity when framed in dominant constructions of social capital. This paper contends that Bourdieu's critical perspective on social capital is be er placed to examine the complex relationships between multiple, confl icting and overlapping positions of cultural identity with a sense of belonging. In addition, a Bourdieurian analysis acknowledges that the dynamic relationships of habitus, capital and fi eld produce multiple identities associated with confl icting notions of connectedness which are contextually contingent. The paper argues that ethnography is best placed to off er a diff erent perspective to de-contextualized data, and supports any examination of identity and belonging as best viewed within the context in which such concepts develop and are situated.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover the research practices of biology researchers and to assess the suitability of the OJAX++ Virtual Research Environment (VRE) for these researchers. Design/methodology/approach – Usability testing was used to evaluate the usability of OJAX++ in relation to biology researchers. Interviews with biology researchers in a large Irish university were conducted to investigate their research information behaviour, to establish user requirements in their discipline and to evaluate the feasibility of using OJAX++ in their research. Findings – The results show that biology researchers used online tools extensively in their research but do not use social networking tools. E-mail and phone conversations are the preferred methods of collaborating with colleagues. The biology researchers found that OJAX++ was easy to use, intuitive and professionally presented but in its present format, OJAX++ does not fit in with current research practices as they do not use Web 2.0 too...


Adelaide, South Australia, home to over one million people, is the capital of a desert state. Its water must be used carefully for the city to survive and prosper. Over the past decade or so a number of major initiatives have been taken, including the promotion of the integrated management of river catchments, formerly fragmented between different jurisdictions; the storage, cleaning and reuse of stormwater through techniques including the development of artificial wetlands and aquifer recharge; the introduction of dual reticulation systems in new housing areas which provide recycled water for purposes where drinking water is not required; and the reuse of wastewater which is piped to horticultural and viticultural areas for irrigation. These measures have all helped to restrict the city's water consumption, as well as provide a number of other environmental benefits, including, in particular, a reduction in the amount of polluted water discharged into the sea. This paper outlines the initiatives taken, describes the benefits they have produced, highlights the key factors necessary to bring the projects into being and assesses their contribution to making Adelaide a more sustainable city.


Data mining is an interdisciplinary research area spanning severals disciplines such as database systems, machine learning, intelligent information systems, statistics, and expert systems. Data mining has evolved into an important and active area of research because of theoretical challenges and practical applications associated with the problem of discovering (or extracting) interesting and previously unknown knowledge from very large real-world databases. Many aspects of data mining have been investigated in several related elds. A unique but important aspect of the problem lies in the signiicance of needs to extend these studies to include the nature of the contents of the real-world databases. In this chapter, we discuss the theory and foundational issues in data mining, describe data mining methods and algorithms, and review data mining applications. Since a major focus of this book is on rough sets and its applications to database mining, one full section is devoted to summarize the state of rough sets as related to data mining of real-world databases. More importantly we believe that theory of rough sets constitutes a sound basis for data mining applications.